ÍNDICE

5/26/2018 NDICE

1/159

NDICE

INTRODUCCIN Y USO EN EL LABORATORIO

EL MTODO CIENTFICO

CMO ELABORAR UN INFORME DE LABORATORIO?

CUADERNO DE PRCTICAS

BIBLIOGRAFA

TRABAJOS DE INVESTIGACIN:

-SISTEMTICA DE UNA ESPECIE

-PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIN

- INVENTARIO LABORATORIO DE MICROSCOPIOS.

INTRODUCCIN Y USO EN EL LABORATORIO

MATERIALES:

TIPOLOLOGA DIBUJOS Y NOMBRES.

5/26/2018 NDICE

2/159

INTRUMENTOS DE OBSERVACIN:

MICROSCOPIO

BINCULO

ES!UEMA PARTESMANEJOS Y USOS PRECAUCIONES

NORMAS DE CONDUCTA A SEGUIR:

MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD

MEDIDAS DE "IGIENE

TRABAJO Y PRECAUCIONES

PREPARARACIN DE COLORANTES PARA ENSAYOS MICROBIOLGICOS:

5/26/2018 NDICE

3/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

4/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

5/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

6/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

7/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

8/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

9/159
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TRsyeLV1qVI/AAAAAAAAAA0/dYO8z8sqW6w/s1600/img007.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

10/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

11/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

12/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

13/159
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TRsykd9-n4I/AAAAAAAAABE/Ze1k_DS-gFA/s1600/img010.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

14/159
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TRsylDpsYhI/AAAAAAAAABI/BGj71HTRrfs/s1600/img011.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

15/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

16/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

17/159
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TRs3h_JOg8I/AAAAAAAAAB8/TtdNiZWyTMQ/s1600/img017.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

18/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

19/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

20/159

PREPARACIN DE COLORANTES PARA ENSAYOS MICROBIOLGICOS:

5/26/2018 NDICE

21/159

.#.A$%&'-A($')'(: *&+$'(',/+ 0, /%$%1 2%+)(-N++(3+4

' $%&' $(',)5&,%$' $'$+/,&' ..........................................................6 7(

' E/'( 89 ....................................................................................8; 7(

( &+ 7+/%(+': C'(',/+ &+ $'/,3/+ 0, /%$%1 &+ (@+('3.

' A=>( &+ 7+/%(+'................................................................................# @

' A@> &+3/%(&...............................................................................# 7(

6. A=>( &+ 7+/%(+' &+ L'+(+,: T%$%'+3 3%70(+3.

' S'(>$%1 &+ )%&,1%&' 0'/3%$' ( #.................................................# 7(

' A=>( &+ 7+/%(+' 3'(. 3/>,& + +/'( ( 89...............................6 7(

' A@> &+3/%(&...............................................................................# 7(. C'(',/+ 0, +30',3:

' S'(>$%1 $>'3 3/>,& &+ +,&+ 7(>%/

9. C'(',/+ 0, (@+('3 &+ L+%3':

' S'(>$%1 A

F>$3% 3%$ .........................................................................#< @

E/'( 89.............................................................................# 7(

' S'(>$%1 B

$%&' /%$'................................................................................6 @

A@> &+3/%(&.........................................................................# 7(

' S'(>$%1 C

C(',>,' 31&%$'..........................................................................#9 @

A@> &+3/%(&.........................................................................# 7(

P, 0,+0,, ( 3'(>$%1 &+ >3' 3+ 7+=$( $/%&&+3 %@>(+3 &+ (3 3'(>$%'+3 A BH C H 3+ @>,& + ,3$' $+,,&' )+,7/%$7+/+ + ( ++, &'&+ +3 +3/(+&>,/+ ,%3 3+73.

. C,%3/( %'(+/: P, /%$%1 G,7 H /%$%1 3%70(+.

' C,%3/( %'(+/ *%'(+/ &+ @+$%4....................................................9 @

5/26/2018 NDICE

22/159

' A@> &+3/%(&.................................................................................# 7(

;. E'3%: P, '3+,$%1 &+ $(>(3 3@>5+3.

' E'3%...............................................................................................6 @

' $%&' $/%$' @($%(......................................................................$3% +%$& &+ 2%+)(-N++(3+......................................................# 7(

' A@> &+3/%(&.................................................................................# 7(

8. F>$3% +%$& &+ 2%+)(-N++(3+: P, /%$%1 $%&'-($')'( ,+3%3/+/+.

' F>$3% 3%$......................................................................................# @' E/'( 89........................................................................................# 7(

' F+'( 9 + 3'(>$%1 $>'3............................................................# 7(

#. "+7/'%(%: P, '3+,$%1 &+ $(>(3 3@>5+3.

' "+7/'%(%.........................................................................................< @

' A@> &+3/%(&......................................................................................# (

##. L$/'+'(: P, 0,+0,$%'+3 7%$,'3$10%$3 + ,+3$' &+ 7')'3.

' $%&' ($/%$'.....................................................................................# 7(

' F+'(................................................................................................# @

' G(%$+,'(.............................................................................................( %(% 3'(>(+4......................# 7(

G(%$+,'(.....................................................................................# 7(

A@>.........................................................................................K 7(M+=$(, +3/ 3'(>$%1 $' ($/'+'( 0,/+3 %@>(+3

5/26/2018 NDICE

23/159

#6. L>@'(: S'(>$%1 &+ H'&' 0, /%$%1 G,7.

' Y'&'...................................................................................................# @

' Y'&>,' 0'/3%$'..................................................................................< @

' A@> &+3/%(&.................................................................................6 7(

#. O,$+5 A: T%$%1 &+ $,'7'3'73.

' O,$+5................................................................................................< @

' $%&' $/%$'.....................................................................................9K 7(

' $%&' $(',)5&,%$' # 7'((......................................................................K6 7(

' A@>..................................................................................................9K 7(

#9. O,$+5 B: T%$%1 &+ $,'7'3'73.' O,$+5................................................................................................< @

' $%&' $/%$'.....................................................................................99 7(

' A@>..................................................................................................99 7(

#. S,%: C'(',/+ &+ $'/,3/+ 0, /%$%1 G,7 *0,++,%(+ ( >$3%4 H+30',3.

' S,%.........................................................................................& III...................................................................................)3/ 3/>,$%1

#K. V+,&+ &+ 7+/%(' $/%$': I@>( $'70'3%$%1 >+ ( +'3% *>7. ;4

5/26/2018 NDICE

24/159

EL MTODO CIENTFICO

C>&' >+,7'3 +,%@>, $17' '$>,,+ (3 $'33 >+ '3+,7'3 + (/>,(+= &++7'3 3+@>%, > 3+,%+ &+ 03'3 >+ $'3/%/>H+ +( M/'&' C%+/5%$'.

#. P(/+7%+/' &+( 0,'(+7.

E3/+ 03' +3 >&7+/( 0', ( 3+$%(( ,=1 &+ >+ /'& %+3/%@$%1 >+ 3+ ,+(%=/%++ $'7' % ( ,+3'(>$%1 &+ > 0,'(+7 $'$,+/'. P%+3 3% ' +( 0',> &+ (3$'7+&>,3 &+ $'$' >+ /+ )$+3 &+ += + $>&' .

$%1 ( 7H',$/%&& &+ %',7$%1 0'3%(+ +3/ %',7$%1 0'&+7'3 '/++,( &+ ,%3 ',73:7+&%/+ > '3+,$%1 &%,+$/ %+3/%@&' + +( (',/',%' 0', ( $'3>(/ &+%(%'@,5 +/$.

C>&' 3+ /%++ 7>$) %',7$%1 +3 $'+%+/+ ',&+,( + /(3 H @,%$'3 0,>+ +( +3/>&%' ,+3>(/+ 73 3+$%(('.

6. E0,+3, >+3/, )%01/+3%3.

C' (' >+ 3%3 H 0'&%3 &, >+3/, '0%%1. E3 '0%%1 ,+$%+ +( '7,+ &+)%01/+3%3 >+ ' +3 % 73 % 7+'3 >+ > 3>0'3%$%1 &+ $17' '$>,,+ (3 $'33.

. C'/,3/, >+3/, )%01/+3%3. U += && >+3/, )%01/+3%3 *'0%%1 ' 3>0'3%$%14)H >+ $'70,', 3% +3 $',,+$/ ' 3% ' (' +3Q +3/+ 03' 3+ $''$+ $' +( '7,+ &+C'/,3/$%1 &+ "%01/+3%3.

9. C'$(>3%1.

S% +( ,+3>(/&' +3 $'/,,%' /++7'3 >+ '(+, 0(/+, > >+ )%01/+3%3.

S% +( ,+3>(/&' &+ ( $'/,3/$%1 & >+ >+3/, )%01/+3%3 +3 $',,+$/ ((+@7'3 (,+3'(>$%1 ' $'$(>3%1 &+( 0,'(+7 >+ '3 )57'3 0(/+&'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

25/159

"H >+ /++, + $>+/ >+ +3/ $'$(>3%1 3+@>%, 3%+&' (%& 7%+/,3 ' )H%@ )+$)' >+ (' $'/,&%@.

P'&+7'3 ,+3>7%, ('3 03'3 /+,%',+3 + +( 3%@>%+/+ $>&,' &+ ',7 ,+0,+3+//%:

5/26/2018 NDICE

26/159

CMO ELABORAR UN INFORME DE LABORATORIO?

CRITERIOS DE ELABORACIN DE UN INFORME CIENTFICO DE LABORATORIO:

#. TITULO Y PORTADA: D++ &+ 3+, $(,' H $'$,+/'. N% 7>H (,@' % 7>H $',/'. P,+$%3'H +30+$5%$'.

,, +( '7,+ &+( +>%0' H' &+ ('3 >/',+3 E(>$%1 &>,/+( $>( 3+ ) ++$/>&' +( /,' $>,3' H @,>0' &+ ('3 >/',+3.

6. RESUMEN: E ( 3+ ,+$'@+ &+ ',7 ,++ +( 0,'013%/' &+ ( %+3/%@$%1 ('3,+3>(/&'3 73 ,+(+/+3 H (3 $'$(>3%'+3 0,%$%0(+3. T'&' +((' + #9-+/+3 H 3+)$+ ,++,+$% ('3 7/'&'3 ' /$%$3 +0+,%7+/(+3 +70(+&3 7+$%'&' '

3>3 30+$/'3 @++,(+3 3%' ('3 +30+$5%$'3 0, ( %+3/%@$%1 +70(+&.

9. RESULTADOS: S+ 0,+3+/, ('3 ,+3>(/&'3 +0+,%7+/(+3 &+ ',7 ',&+& $'( H>& &+ /(3 ' @,%$3 >+ ,+$' ( %',7$%1. E( 7+$%37' &+ ( ,+$$%1. S+&++ &+3$,%%, ('3 03'3 ,+$',,%&'3 &>,/+ +( /,'. L'3 ,+3>(/&'3 73 ,+(+/+3&++, 3+, &+3/$&'3 H $'7+/&'3.

5/26/2018 NDICE

27/159

. DISCUSIN: S+ ,+($%' %/+,0,+/ H &%3$>/+ ('3 ,+3>(/&'3 '/+%&'3. S+ &++3+(, ('3 30+$/'3 W H X >+ 3+ )H '3+,&'.

;. REFERENCIAS *F>+/+3 &+ %',7$%14: E &'&+ 3+ ), $'3/, /'&3 >+((3>+/+3 >+ )H 3%&' $'3>(/&3 *(%,'3 ,+%3/3 0+,%1&%$'3 '((+/'3 0,'@,73 &+/4 L ,++,+$% %(%'@,%$ &++ %$(>%,: T5/>(' &+( (%,' >/', ' >/',+3 +&%/',%(Q 3% +3> +$%$('0+&% +( Z &+ /'7' H +( &+ 0@%3 $'3>(/&3.

K. NDICE: E3 +( S>7,%' &+ /'&3 (3 0,/+3 &+( %',7+ + &'&+ 3+ %&%$, +( Z &+0@%3 + >+ 3+ +$>+/,*&&' >+ ('3 '(%'3 H )'3 ) &+ +3/, >7+,&34

T'&3 (3 0,$/%$3 >+ 3+ )@ + $(3+ &++, 3+@>%, ('3 $,%/+,%'3 ( )', &++(',, +( %',7+ &+ (',/',%' 3',+ +3 0,$/%$.

CONSEJO:A/+3 &+ $'7+=, $>(>%+, &+ (3 0,$/%$3 &++7'3 &+ ,+>%, ('3 &%3/%/'37/+,%(+3 H +(+7+/'3 +$+3,%'3 0, ,+(%=, ( 0,$/%$H >+ &%30'+7'3 &+ >/%+70' (%7%/&' &+ > )', 3+7(.C'7' )+7'3 0,+&%&'7'3 7%0>(, $'$'70'+/+3 H 3>3/$%3 >57%$3 +30+$%(+3.E3 +$+3,%' 3+@>%, (3 ',73 &+3+@>,%&& + )%@%++ /+,%',7+/+ &+3$,%/3

5/26/2018 NDICE

28/159

CUADERNO DE PRCTICAS:

NDICE

PRIMER TRIMESTRE.

#-E%3/+$% &+ 3(+3 7%+,(+3 + ('3 +3>+(+/'3

,@+3$+$% + (3 $(>(3 +@+/(+3

-R+$''$%7%+/' &+ @($%&'3

9-L $$%1 /701 + ('3 (5>%&'3 />,(+3

-R+$''$%7%+/' &+ (50%&'3

SEGUNDO TRIMESTRE:

;- R+$''$%7%+/' &+ 0,1/%&'3

K-R+$''$%7%+/' &+ 0,%$%0%'3 %7+&%/'3 &+ ( (+$)+

8-E3/>&%'3 +=%7/%$'3

#-A$/%$%1 H &+3/>,(%=$%1 &+ ( +=%7 $/(3

#(3 %7(+3

#6-L +,7+/$%1 ($/%$ *0+&%+/+4

#- S+0,$%1 &+ 0%@7+/'3 +@+/(+3 7+&%/+ $,'7/'@,5 + 00+( *0+&%+/+4

5/26/2018 NDICE

29/159
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TRtF30nMsPI/AAAAAAAAACQ/kxfowl7GyJE/s1600/img014.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

30/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

31/159

-INFORME SOBRE LA PRCTICA NZ #: EISTENCIA DE SALES MINERALES EN LOSES!UELETOS.

C' +3/ 0,$/%$ 3+ 0,+/+&+ ,+$''$+, ( 0,+3+$% &+ 3(+3 7%+,(+3 + ('3+3>+(+/'3 &+ (@>'3 3+,+3 %'3H >+ 0,/%$%0 +3/,>$/>,(7+/+ + ( $'$)+($0,=1 +'+3>+(+/'3 +/+,'3 &+ %3+$/'3H >+ (+3 0,'0',$%' > >$%1 &+3'3/ H 0,'/+$/',.

C'7' )+7'3 +3/>&%&' (3 3(+3 7%+,(+3 +3/ ',7&3 0', > $%&' H > 3+>+$>&' 3' /$&3 >57%$7+/+ 0', > $%&' ' 3+ 73 >+,/+0,'&>$+ >&+30(=7%+/' + ( >+ 3+ 0,'&>$+ > >+ 3(.3/ +3 /'/(7+/+ 3'(>(+$'7'7'3 $'70,', $' +( +0+,%7+/' .

E/'$3 (3 $>%+,/3 >+ 3+ /$&3 0', +( $%&' ' ( 3+3>,%, > ,+$$%1>57%$ >+ (%+,, > @33+ 0,+3+$%, > >,>+' >+ +3+,+$+, &+ ( $'$).L$'$(>3%1 +3 >+ (3 $'$)3 >+ ' $'/+@ > 3( ' 3>,%, &%$) ,+$$%1.

A0,/+ &+ +3/'/7% 3+ '3 ) 0,'0>+3/' '3+,, $'7' +( $%&' /$ /'/(7+/+ (3 3(+3 7%+,(+3 + +3/,>$/>,3 13+3)>+3'3>+ $'/%++ + 3> %/+,%', 3(+3 &+$($%'.Y '3+,,+7'3 $'7' ('3 )>+3'3 ( $,+$+, &+ 3(+3 7%+,(+33' 3//+(+%(+3 H +(3/%$'3 $'7' > @'7.E3/' 3+ &++ ( 0,+3+$% &+ $'(@+' >+ +3 >0,'/+% >+ 3+ +$>+/, + ('3 )>+3'3 H /7% + ( 0%+( H >+ 0,'0',$%'(+%%(%&& ( )>+3'.P+,' )', %+:

A > 3+ &++ ( (+%%(%&& &+ ('3 )>+3'3 &+ ('3 ,+$% $%&'3?A > 3+ &++ (,@%(%&& &+ ('3 )>+3'3 &+ ('3 $%'3?

A35 7+&%/+ > 3+,%+ &+ 0,$/%$3 $'70,',+7'3 +0+,%7+/(7+/+ (3 $>+3/%'+3 H

+0+,%+$%3 0(/+&3:

P,'$+&%7%+/' +0+,%7+/(:

L'3 7/+,%(+3 >/%(%=&'3 3' 3//+ $%(+3 &+ $'3+@>%,( 7H',5 3' +3>+(+/'3 &+%3+$/'3$'$)3$0,='+3 &+ $,>3/$+'3+ &+%%/% $>(>%+, 3>3/$%0,+/+7+/+ ,5@%&' &+ $>(>%+, 3+, %'.P'&+7'3 ,+$',@+('3 >&7+/(7+/+ &+ (

0(H H +( $70'Q +$+0$%1 &+( $%&' $(',)5&,%$' >+ 0'&+7'3 >3,(' + +( (',/',%'&+( $+/,' $',,+30'&%+/+.

P, +((' +( @,>0' ((+, /'&'3 ('3 7/+,%(+3 $%/&'3 ( (',/',%'3%@>%+&' (3 ',73&+ 3+@>,%&& + )%@%++3+ $'@+, > 00+( &+ %(/,' 0, ' +3>$%, ( 7+3 &+ $>(>%+,3>3/$%.

P>+&+3 $'@+, > 7/,= +,(+,7+H+, + %/,'&>$%, (3 $'$)3 + > &%3'(>$%1 >+0,+%7+/+ 3+ ) 0,+0,&' &+ $%&' $(',)5&,%$' ( 6 &+ $'$+/,$%1 + 73.

5/26/2018 NDICE

32/159

P, +, ( (+%%(%&& &+( )>+3'0'&+7'3 $'@+, > $,%3/(%=&', + %/,'&>$%, +( )>+3' H&+,(' + 3+ > &%3'(>$%' &+( 6 ' %$(>3' +( 69- &>,/+ )',3 H &53.

A( %(%=, ( 0,$/%$ %&%$,+7'3 + > 00+( >+ ('3 ,+$%0%+/+3 $'/%++ $%&' H >+3' 0+(%@,'3'3' ('3 ,'/>('3 &+ :CUIDADO "AY CIDO

R+3>(/&'3 &+ ( 0,$/%$:

A35 0'&+7'3 +0(%$, ( ,+$$%1 &+ &+30(=7%+/' + +( >+ ( 3(>+ 3+ /$ 0', ($$%1 &+( $%&' ',7 '/, >+ 3(*> $'70>+3/' %,%'4 >+ ( 3+, 3'(>(+ ' +7'3> += >+ 3+ ',7H >+ 3+ +$>+/, &%(>%&'.V+7'3 /7% $'7' 3+ (%+, + +3/+$3' &%1%&' &+ $,''.

D+ ( 7%37 7+, +$/, ('3 )>+3'3 >+ /%++ $,'/' &+ $($%'H >+&,/'/(7+/+ (+%(+3Q35 0'&+7'3 &, 0%+ H +0(%$, >+ ('3 )>+3'3 &+ ('3 ,+$%+ $%&'33' 0,$/%$7+/+ $,/%(@%'3'3 H ( ' /++, $,'/' &+ $($%' H ( /++, $'(@+' 3'7>H (+%(+3.E +( $3' $'/,,%'('3 $%'3 0'3++ $%+,/ ,@%(%&& + 3>3 )>+3'3 H

,/%$>($%'+3*$'7' ( '3/%'0','3%34('3 )>+3'3 3' 7>H ,@%(+3H >+ $' +( /%+70' 0+,&%+&' ( +(3/%$%&& >+ +( $'(@+' (+3 0',/.

CCO6*34 W < "C( *4 [ CC(< *4 W CO< *@4 W "3%1:

A( 0,%$%0%' (@>'3 (>7'3 (+ $>31 > $%+,/' ,+>+(' +, $'7' +( )>+3' +,/'/(7+/+ (+%(+$'7' 3% 3+ /,/, &+ > @'7 +(3/%$Q(>+@' 0>+&+ 3+, >+0+,%+$% %/+,+3/+ 0, ,+(%=,.L ,+$$%1 /,&1 >'3 &%30+,' ( $' &+ ('37%>/'3 3+ '3+, ,0%&7+/+ $'7' /%++ (>@, H +( ++$/' $>3&'.*' /%++ %@%$'+%+/+4

5/26/2018 NDICE

33/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

34/159

INFORME SOBRE LA PRCTICA NZ 3/,5 ,+$($, &+ >+' + $'3%3/+ (137'3%3:

L '37'3%3 $'7' )+7'3 +3/>&%&' +3/+ ' +3 +( 03' &+ &%3'(+/+ /,3 &+ >7+7, 3+7%0+,7+(+&+3&+ > 7+&%' )%0'/1%$' > 7+&%' )%0+,/1%$'+3 &+$%,&+> 7+&%' &+ 7+', $'$+/,$%1 7H', $'$+/,$%1 &+ 3'(>/'.E( 0,'$+3' $'/%>)3/ %@>(, (3 &'3 $'$+/,$%'+3.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TSBe2yNpn8I/AAAAAAAAACU/1jNPanZf4Do/s1600/img021.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

35/159

E/'$+3 $' +3/3 &'3 0,$/%$3 3+ 0,+/+&+ +0+,%7+/, &%$)' 0,'$+3'.

P, +((' + ( 0,%7+, 0,$/%$ 0,+/+&+,+7'3 %/,'&>$%, > )>+' &+ @((% + $%&'$/%$'+( $>( ,+$$%', $' (3 3(+3 &+ $($%' H 7@+3%'.E/'$3 ( $3$, %,&+30,+$%+&'( &%3'(+,3+ /'/(7+/+ >+&, +( )>+' ,+$>%+,/' &+ > 7+7,3+7%0+,7+(+>+ 3+, 3>%$%+/+ 0, ,+(%=, >+3/,' +0+,%7+/'.A(@>3 &+ (30,'/+53 $'7' ( (>7% 0>+&+ )+,3+ $'@>(&'&+0+&%+&' &+ ( $/%&& &+$%&' + %/+3%&& &+ 3/+*0)4 H 0', $'3%@>%+/+ 0>+&+ &+3/>,(%=,3+.F%(7+/+ ('

>+ 7'3 $'70,', +3 $'7' ( $7%, +( )>+'>+ /%++ > $'$+/,$%1&+/+,7%&+ +( 7+&%' >+ 3+ +$>+/,Q+ >+3/,' $3' $' @> &+3/%(&0,+3+$%,+7'3 >+ +( )>+' 0', ( $$%1 &+ ('3 +17+'3 '371/%$'3 3+ )%$), H>7+/, 3> /7'+ ,+($%1 ( $/%&& &+ @> &+3/%(& >+ >3+7'3.

L 3+@>& 0,$/%$ +3/ 3& + +( 7%37' 0,'$+3'H + += &+( )>+'>/%(%=,+7'3> )' &+ $'( ('7,&$' ( H>& &+ > )' &+ +%/, ' > $>$)%(( ' (7%7+/(%$ +$+3,%7+/+ %$',/,+7'3 > 7>+3/, 0, '3+,,( ( 7%$,'3$'0%'.

A)', %+ )', $' > &%3'(>$%1 &+ @> 3/>,& &+ 3( $'7*NC(4 H '/, &+@> &+3/%(& 0%0+/+,+7'3 3',+ ( 7>+3/, &+ ( $'( H '3+,,+7'3 $'7' ('3

',@>('3 $+(>(,+3*$>'(34 H 3> $%/'0(37 +3/, 3'7+/%&'3 ( $$%1 &+( @>&+3/%(& H 3+ )%$), H $'7' ( >/%(%=, ( &%3'(>$%1 3/>,& ), >+ 3/'3&%37%>H 3> /7'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

36/159

#. C' ( 0>/ &+( %3/>,5 ,+(%= >%$%3%1 ' &+73%&' 0,'>& + ( $,%/+,%', &+ > 0/(' H $' ( 0>/ &+ (30%=3 ,3@, H $'3+@>%, &'3 0+>+'3,@7+/'3 &+ ( +0%&+,7%3.

0',/'+/' ( >+ 0,+%7+/+ )+7'3

&%&' >3 @'/3 &+ @> H (>+@' 3+$>,+ $' > $>,+'+/'3.

6. E( 3+@>&' ,@7+/' 3+ $'('$ 3',+ >0',/'+/'3 + +( >+ 0,+%7+/+ 3+ )&+0'3%/&' >3 @'/3 &+ 3'(>$%13(% 3/>,& H (>+@' 3+ $>,+ $' >$>,+'+/'3.

5/26/2018 NDICE

37/159

. O3+,, 73 0,+0,$%'+3 ( 7%$,'3$'0%' 0,%7+,' $' +( '+/%' &+ 7+',>7+/' 0, (>+@' >/%(%=, ('3 &+ 7H', >7+/'.

P,'$+&%7%+/' +0+,%7+/(:

E +3/ 0,$/%$ +$+3%/,+7'3 > )>+' &+ @((%>+ 0'&+7'3 $'3+@>%, &+ $>(>%+,,>/+,% ' $+/,' $'7+,$%(.

P,+0,, > &%3'(>$%1 &+ $%&' $/%$' &+ 9 $76 + #9 $76 &+ @> &+3/%(&+3/+$%&' (' 0'&+7'3 $'3+@>%, &+ > '/+(( &+ %@,+0>+3 +( %@,+ + 3> $'70'3%$%1$'/%++ $. A$/%$'.

P, +((' 0'&+7'3 +70+=, ( 0,$/%$ 0'%+&' > 00+( &+ %(/,'.

E( 3%@>%+/+ 03' 3+, > 7/,= +,(+,7+H+,H $' ( H>& &+ > 3' &+ 0,+$%0%/&'30,+0,, ( &%3'(>$%1 &%30'%+&' &+ 9$76 &+ ( $%&' H +,3, )3/ ('3 &+3/%(&.

P'3/+,%',7+/+ %/,'&>$%,+7'3 +( )>+' + ( &%3'(>$%1 H (+/7+/+ '3+,,+7'3$'7' /%++ (>@, +( 0,'$+3' &+ &%3'(>$%' &+ (3 3(+3Q>+&&' +( )>+' $' (7+7, 3+7%0+,7+(+.U += >+ (' /+@7'3 + +3/ $'&%$%'+3(' $7%,+7'3&+ 7+&%'.

E( @> &+3/%(& ( 0'&+7'3 /'7, 0,+3/& &+( (',/',%' ' %+ +( @> &+ 0($) +3&+3/%(&.

A35 ( $7%, &+ 7+&%' $'70,',+7'3 >+ '$>,,+

L $'( ('7,& ( 0'&+7'3 $'70,, 0+,+$/7+/+ + > ,>/+,%.

P,+0,, > &%3'(>$%1 3/>,& &+ $(',>,' 31&%$'3( $'7 + @>.

R+3>(/&'3:

C'7' )+7'3 &%$)' (' >+ '$>,,%, + ( 0,%7+, 0,$/%$ 3+, >+ +( )>+' ( $/>,$'7' > 7+7, 3+7%0+,7+(+ >+ /%++ > $'$+/,$%' &+ 3(+3 &+/+,7%&+ 3> %/+,%',( +/,, + $'/$/' $' +( @> &+3/%(&3/ +/,, + +( )>+'(+/7+/+ 0, %@>(, (3 $'$+/,$%'+3 &+ 3'(>/'Q +( )>+' 0>+&+ )%$),3+&+73%&' + %$(>3' ,++/,3% 0'&+7'3 +0(%$, &+ > 7+, 3>@+,+/+ (' >+ (+

'$>,,+ > $(>( $>&' (+ $7%7'3 > 7+&%' &+ 7+', $'$+/,$%1+ +( >++( >+ +( &%3'(+/+ +/,,5 H 0'&,5 ((+@, +0('/, H 35 ( 7>+,/+ $+(>(,*)+71(%3%34.

E( 3+@>&' /7% +3/ ,+($%'&'0+,' + += &+( )>+' >/%(%=7'3 > 7>+3/, &+ $'(('7,& ( >+ 0%0+/+,+7'3 ' $' > $>+/@'/3 (3 &'3 &%3'(>$%'+3. A( 7%37'/%+70' >+ %3>(%=,+7'3 + +( 7%$,'3$'0%' +( 0,'$+3' &+ 137'3%3 >+ ' +$/,&%,+$/7+/+ ( $(>(H >+ (3 $(3 +@+/(+3 0'3++3 > 0,+& $+(>(13%$3%'

5/26/2018 NDICE

38/159

+$/, ( $%/'0(37 H 3>3 $>'(3*S% 3+ 0,'&>$+ ( 0(37'(%3%3 0,''$,5 ( ,'/>, &+( $(>( ( &+30,+&+,3+ ( 7+7, 0(37/%$ &+ ( 0,+& $+(>(,.4

D+ 7'&' >+ ( 7>+3/, &+ @> >+ 0'3+ 7H', $'$+/,$%1 >+ ( $(>( &+ ( $'(/+,7%, +$'@%+&' +( $%/'0(37 H (3 $>'(3 &+ 3/(%+,&'3+ @> 0, %@>(,(3 &'3 $'$+/,$%'+3.A( $'/,,%' ( /++, 7H', $'$+/,$%1 ( $'(*>+ 3+ +( 7+&%')%0+,/1%$'4+( @> +/,, H >7+/, 3> $%/'0(37 + %$(>3' +( /7' &+ 3>3$>'(3>7+/&' ( $(>( &+ '(>7+*/>,@+$%4.

D%3$>3%1:

P>+&+ ,+3>(/, > 0,$/%$ 3//+ %/+,+3/+ H $3+, H >+ ('3 7/+,%(+3 >+>/%(%=,+7'3 ' 3' /'/(7+/+ 0+(%@,'3'3 H 0>+&+ ,+3>(/, $%(+3 &+ $'3+@>%,.

A35 /7% 0'&+7'3 +/+&+, + >+ 3+ 3 ( $'3+,$%1 &+ ('3 (%7+/'30',

++70(' ( 3(=1 &+ 0+3$&'3H >+ /7% 3+ 0,'&>$+ > +17+' '371/%$' H3'7+/+,('3 ( 3(=1 0+,&%+&' @> H ' 3+ &+/+,%',.P', ++70(' 3% $'@+7'3 >0+3$&' + 3(=1 H '/,' $',,%+/+ H ('3 &+7'3 ( %/+70+,%++( 0,%7+,' /,&, 73+ &+/+,%',,3+ H ('3 7%$,'',@%37'3 3+ &+3)%&,/ ( /++, > $'$+/,$%1'371/%$ 73 Q7%+/,3 >+ + +( 3+,5 > 7+&%' 0+,+$/' 0, ( 0,'(%+,$%1 &+3/'3.

E3/ 0,$/%$ ' 0,+3+/ %@ %$'+%+/+*0,$/%$ &+ ( ('7,&4 + 35(' >%$'>+ )H >+ 3+, +3 $'7' >/%(%=, > 7%$,'3$'0%'3+, +'$,>3/,('',73 &+3+@>,%&&*+3+ 7+' H >3' &+( 7%$,'3$'0%' /+,%',4

5/26/2018 NDICE

39/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

40/159
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TSBhZVr5J0I/AAAAAAAAACY/mBnUVNaU4ro/s1600/img022.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

41/159

C'7' /+,%',7+/+ H )+7'3 %3/' ( 0,$/%$ &+ ( 137'3%3 H +3/ 0,$/%$ +3/ 3&

+ +( 7%37' >&7+/' 0(%$&' (3 $(>(3 +@+/(+3 >/' $' ( ('7,& '33+,%, $'7' ,+03'. *V+, %',7+ /+,%',4

A4 S+ '3+,, (' 7%37' H >+ ' $7%
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TSBhe7HYziI/AAAAAAAAACc/DCJuR4JIcwo/s1600/img023.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

42/159

INFORME NZ6: PLASMOLISIS Y TURGESCENCIA EN LAS CLULAS VEGETALES:

PROCEDIMIENTO EPERIMENTAL:

C' ( H>& &+( %3/>,5 H >3 0%=3 %3 $',/7'3 /,+3 /,'$%/'3 &+ +0%&+,7%3 &+ $+'((,' &+ @(&%'(' ,'' ' &+ )%%3$' *,+%3, 0,'/'$'(' /+,%',4 (3 /,+3 (+ 0'&+7'3$'3+@>%,(3 + > ,>/+,5 ' (',%3/+,5 >+ 0,+$%'.

C' ( H>& &+ > $>+/@'/3 +,/+7'3 @> &+( @,%' @> &+3/%(& H @> 3/>,&&+ 3(Q $'7' +7'3 $' 6 $'$+/,$%'+3 &%3/%/3.

"$+7'3 (3 0,+0,$%'+3 $' $>%&&' &+ >+ ' >+&+ >,>3 &+ %,+ H >+ '3%70+&%, +, ( 7>+3/,

C' ('3 $'$+0/'3 3%$'3 &+ $17' >/%(%=, +( 7%$,'3$'0%' '3+,7'3 (' >+ +7'3.

RESULTADOS:

C'7' +3 &+ +30+,, +( ,+3>(/&' /+&,5 >+ 3+, +( 7%37' >+ +( /+,%', >+

&+0+&%+&' &+ ( $'$+/,$%1 3(% &+( 7+&%' ( $(>( 3+ )%$) ' 3+ ,,>@ 0+,'$(,' +3/' 31(' +3 (%&' + (3 $(>(3 %7(+3Q 0',>+ $'7' )+7'3 0,+&%&' (3$(>(3 +@+/(+3 0'3++ > 0,+& $+(>(, &+ $+(>('3 >+ 3% >+ 0+,7%/%, +( 0,'$+3'0+,' >+ ( $(>( + 35 ' 3+ +, / +$/& ' 3+ &+',7, (' >+ 3% '$>,,%, +3>+ 3>3 ',@>('3 $+(>(,+3*$>'(34H 3> $%/'0(37 3+ )%$), ' 3+ ,,>@,&+0+&%+&' &+ (3 $'$+/,$%'+3.

E +( 7%$,'3$'0%' 0'&,+7'3 '3+,, $'7' ,5 +( /7' &+ ('3 ',@>('3 $+(>(,+3 +>$%1 &+( 7+&%' + +( >+ 3+ +$>+/,+.

A $'/%>$%1 +30+,7'3 >'3 7%>/'3 H 0'&,+7'3 '3+,, (' /+,%',7+/+ +0(%$&'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

43/159

*)%%3$' ,''4 *@(&%'('34

5/26/2018 NDICE

44/159
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TSBi0GiNBUI/AAAAAAAAACg/cXq8JroABqg/s1600/img024.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

45/159

V7'3 +70+=, )$%+&' > +3/>&%' $+,$ &+ ('3 @($%&'3 /+3 &+ $'7+=,:*,++,%&'3 ( 0,$/%$4

L'3 @($%&'3 $'3/%/>H+ >' &+ ('3 $>/,' 0,%$%0%'3 %7+&%/'3 ',@%$'3 0,'0%'3 &+ ('33+,+3 %'3. S> 0,'0',$%1 + (3 0(/3 +3 7>$)' 7H', >+ + ('3 %7(+3. E (30(/3 $'3/%/>H+ +( 0,%$%0( $'70'+/+ ',@%$' H >+ 3+ ',7 &%,+$/7+/+ +( '/'35/+3%3. P,+3+/ > %70',//+ >$%1 ++,@/%$ 0, /'&'3 ('3 3+,+3 %'3 H/7% +3/,>$/>,( 0', ++70(' ',7&' ( 0,+& $+(>(, &+ (3 0(/3 H &+ (3$/+,%3.

C'70'3%$%1
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TSBi2tZW04I/AAAAAAAAACk/kHJSeT8Umr8/s1600/img025.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

46/159

S' %'7'($>(3 ',7&3 3%$7+/+ 0', $,'' *C4 )%&,1@+' *"4 H '5@+'*O4 +> 0,'0',$%1 3+7+/+ C" @,>0' $,'%(' +3 &+$%,

> $,'' >%&' > '5@+' 7+&%/+ > &'(+ +($+ 0>&%+&' 3+, > @,>0'(&+)5&' ' > @,>0' $+/'. L'3 @($%&'3 0>+&+ &+%%,3+ $'7' 0'(%)%&,'%(&+)5&'3 '0'(%)%&,'%$+/'3. S% 3+, +3+$%( + 3> $'70'3%$%1 0>+&+ $'/++, %/,1@+' =>,+' 13','.

C(3%%$$%1

S+@ +( 7+,' &+ $,''3 >+ $'/+@:

M''3$,%&'3: 0,+3+/ &+ /,+3 '$)' /'7'3 &+ $,''.

O(%@'3$,%&'3: ',7&'3 0', ( >%1 &+ &'3 &%+= 7''3$,%&'3. E( 73 %70',//++3 +( &%3$,%&'.

P'(%3$,%&'3: ',7&'3 0', ( >%1 &+ 73 &+ &%+= 7''3$,%&'3.

LOS MONOSACRIDOS

5/26/2018 NDICE

47/159

F',7&'3 0', > %$ $&+ 0'(%)%&,'%(&+)5&%$ ' 0'(%)%&,'%$+/1%$. S+ '7,&%+&' ( /+,7%$%1 -'3 ( 7+,' &+ $,''3.

E($+3 N @(>$'35&%$' H O-@(>$'35&%$'

M''3$,%&'3 &+ %/+,3 %'(1@%$'

D-G(>$'3: +3 +( @($%&' 73 >&/+Q 0'(%7+,%=&' & (>@, 0'(%3$,%&'3 &+ ,+3+,H +3/,>$/>,(+3.

D-G($/'3: (&')+'3Q >/' $' ( D-@(>$'3 ',7 +( &%3$,%&' ($/'3.

D-M'3: (&')+'3.

D-F,>$/'3: $+/')+'3Q +3 (+1@%, H 3+ )(( + ',7 &+ -D-,>$/'>,'3.

LOS DISACRIDOS

F',7&'3 0', ( >%1 &+ &'3 7''3$,%&'3 >+ 0>+&+ 3+,:

5/26/2018 NDICE

48/159

E($+ 7''$,'5(%$' +/,+ +( $,'' '7,%$' &+( 0,%7+, 7''3$,%&' *-'3%(4 H> $,'' $>(>%+, &+( 3+@>&' *-'34.

E($+ &%$,'5(%$' +/,+ ('3 &'3 $,''3 '7,%$'3 &+ ('3 &'3 7''3$,%&'3Q (/+,7%$%1 &+( 0,%7+,' +3 -'3%( H ( &+( 3+@>&' -13%&'.

D%3$,%&'3 &+ %/+,3 %'(1@%$' 3':

( 7(/'3 $' &'3 7'($>(3 &+ D-@(>$'0%,'3 >%&3 0', +($+ *#\4 >+ 3+'/%++ &+( (7%&1 H &+( @(>$1@+'Q

( $+('%'3 $' &'3 7'($>(3 &+ D-@(>$'0%,'3 >%&3 0', +($+ *#\4 3+ '/%++&+ ( $+(>('3Q

5/26/2018 NDICE

49/159

( ($/'3 D-@($/'0%,'3%(-*#\4- D-@(>$'0%,'3 3+ +$>+/, (%,+ + ( (+$)+&+ 775+,'3Q

( 3$,'3 -D-@(>$'0%,'3(-*#\$/'>,'3 >+ 3+ +$>+/, + ( $ &+=$, H + ( ,+7'($).
http://www.um.es/molecula/gragluci/maltosa.gif

5/26/2018 NDICE

50/159

LOS POLISACRIDOS:

5/26/2018 NDICE

51/159

E3/ ',7&'3 0', ( >%1 &+ 7>$)'3 7''3$,%&'3 7+&%/+ +($+ O-@(>$'35&%$'$' ( $'3%@>%+/+ 0,&%& &+ > 7'($>( &+ @> 0', +($+. S% 3' 0'(57+,'3 &+ >3'(' /%0' &+ 7''3$,%&' 3+ &+'7% )'7'0'(%3$,%&'3 H 3% 3+ $'70'+ &+&%3/%/'3 7''3$,%&'3 )+/+,'0'(%3$,%&'3.

A(7%&1*+3 +( >+ '3 %/+,+34

P'(%3$,%&' &+ ,+3+, &+ ('3 +@+/(+3 ',7&' 0', 7%(+3 &+ @(>$'33. S+ +$>+/, +3+7%((3 H + />,$>('3 0+,7%/%+&' ( 0(/ '/++, ++,@5 3% +$+3%&& &+ (>=.E3/ %/+@,&' 0', &'3 /%0'3 &+ 0'(57+,'3:' A7%('3: 0'(57+,' &+ 7(/'33 >%&3 0', +($+ *#\4. E3/,>$/>, 3% ,7%%$, H)+(%$'%&(. P', )%&,1(%3%3 $%& ' 0', +=%73 *-7%(3 + %7(+3 H -7%(3 + (33+7%((34 & (>@, > 0'(57+,' 7+', ( &+/,%. S+ 3+0,, 7(/'33 >+ 0', ($$%1 &+ ( +=%7 7(/3 03 D-@(>$'3.' A7%('0+$/%: 0'(57+,' &+ 7(/'33 >%&3 0', +($+ *#\4 $' ,7%%$$%'+3

*#\4 $& &'$+ @(>$'33.

5/26/2018 NDICE

52/159


O+/%'3: *6 +0+,%7+/'34

#. I&+/%%$$%1 &+ @($%&'3 *=$,+3 ,+&>$/',+34 + )%&,1(%3%3 &+( +($+ &+ >&%3$,%&'*3$,'34

5/26/2018 NDICE

53/159

0'(%3$,%&'*A(7%&14

MATERIALES:

M>+3/,3 &+ =$,+3:

@(>$'3

7(/'3

($/'3

3$,'3

(7%&1.

,>$/'3

@($/'3

T>'3 &+ +3H' 0%=3 @,&%(( 3' 0, $(+/, 7+$)+,' >3+.

R+$/%' &+ F+)(%@ A H F+)(%@ B

L>@'(

"C( &%(>%&'

5/26/2018 NDICE

54/159

R+$$%'+3 >+ ,+(%=,3+:

#. R+$$%1 &+ F+)(%@:

T'7, ( 7>+3/, >+ 3+ >%+, (%=, *',7(7+/+ > $/%&& &+ 6 $764.

A&%, # 7( &+ F+)(%@ A H # 7( &+ F+)(%@ B. E( (5>%&' &+( />' &+ +3H' &>%,%, >>+,/+ $'(', =>(.

C(+/, +( />' + > 7+$)+,' &+ L',/',%'.

L ,+$$%1 3+,0'3%/%3% ( 7>+3/, 3+ >+(+ &+ $'(', ,''-(&,%(('.

L ,+$$%1 3+,+@/%3% ( 7>+3/, >+& =>( ' $7% > /'' =>(-+,&'3'.

CMO PREPARAR LAS DISOLUCIONES?

E ('3 /,+3 $3'3 /++7'3 >+ 0,+0,, &%3'(>$%'+3 ( 9 0, +((' $'@+7'3 >(= ( $(%,7'3 H $'@+7'3 > %&,%' &+ ,+(' 0, 0+3, ( $/%&& &+ 3'(>/':

E >+3/,' $3' +( %&,%' ,+(' 0+3 + )H >+ 0,+0,,@%, + /',' ( .#9@ 35 >+ $(%,,+7'3 ( (= + /',' + 3+ %+3/%@ +3 ,+&>$/', 3+ '%&, &&' (>@, ( ,+&>$$%1 &+( 3>(/' &+ $',+ *II4 &+ $'(', =>( 1%&' &+ $',+ *I4 &+ $'(', ,''-,&'.

-E $7%' ( 3$,'3 +3 > &%3$,%&' H )H 0,'&>$%, 3> )%&,1(%3%3 $'7' %7'3/+,%',7+/+ + @(>$'3 H ,>$/'3 >+ 3% /%++ 0'&+, ,+&>$/',Q7+&%/+:

5/26/2018 NDICE

55/159

#. 67( &+ 3'(>$%1 &+ 3$,'3 H # @'/3 &+ C(" &%(>%&'.

/'3.

6. D+, +,%,.

. N+>/,(%=, &%+&' 67( &+ 3'(>$%1 ($(%.

CUADRO DE A2]CARES REDUCTORES:

A=$,+3C'(',',%@%(

C'(',,+3>(//+

R+$$%1

S$,'3 # A=>( ,'' W

G(>$'3 # A=>( ,'' W

L$/'3 # A=>( ,'' W

M(/'3 # A=>( ,'' W

A(7%&1 # A=>( =>( -

G($/'3 # A=>( ,'' W

*L 3$,'3 &, +@/%' ( 0,%$%0%' H >+ ' 0'3++ $,''3 '7,%$'3 (%,+3*',+&>$/',4 0+,' > += >+ 3+ 0,'&>=$ ( )%&,1(%3%3 35 >+ +3 ,+&>$/', H & 0'3%/%'.

OBSERVACIONES:L 3$,'3 >+ ( >+ $7%1 0,%7+,' +70+=1 &+3&+ +( '&'.L ($/'3 0,%7+,' >+ ,' + +( '&' H (' &+73 7',&'. A( %( 3+ )%=' >%',7+.L @(>$'3 7(/'3 @($/'3 $7%,' &+3&+ ,,% )$% '.

5/26/2018 NDICE

56/159

R+$$%1 &+( L>@'(:

E3/+ 7/'&' 3+ >3 0, %&+/%%$, 0'(%3$,%&'3. E( (7%&1 + $'/$/' $' >3 @'/3&+ R+$/%' &+ L>@'( *&%3'(>$%1 &+ H'&' H H'&>,' 0'/3%$'4 /'7 > $'(', =>(-%'(+/$,$/+,53/%$'.

P'+, + > />' &+ +3H' >'3 6 76 &+( @($%&' %+3/%@,.

A&%, /,+3 @'/3 &+ (>@'(.

S% ( &%3'(>$%1 &+( />' &+ +3H' 3+ /', &+ $'(', =>(-%'(+/ ( ,+$$%1 +3 0'3%/%.

L $'(',$%1 0,'&>$%& 0', +( L>@'( 3+ &++ >+ +( H'&' 3+ %/,'&>$+ +/,+ (3 +30%,3&+ ( 7'($>( &+ (7%&1.N' +3 0', //' > +,&&+, ,+$$%1 >57%$ 3%' >+ 3+ ',7 > $'70>+3/' &+%$(>3%1 >+ 7'&%%$ (3 0,'0%+&&+3 53%$3 &+ +3/ 7'($>( 0,+$%+&' ( $'(',$%1=>( %'(+/.

5/26/2018 NDICE

57/159

DISCUSIN:

A( $'7+=, ( 0,$/%$ )5 (@>'3 0,'(+73 + $>/' ( /%+70' 0', ++70(' + (3$,'3 3%' 3+ +30+, +( /%+70' +$+3,%' 0, >+ 3+ 0,'&>$/' ( )%&,1(%3%3 *+(,+3>(/&' +3 >('4Q 73 ' 7+'3 3',+ $%$' 7%>/'3.

A( 0'+, (3 7>+3/,3 &+ ('3 =$,+3 ,+&>$/',+3 + +( />' &+ +3H' &%,+$/7+/+ (>+@' 3+ 0,'H+$/ &+%&' 3> +(+&3 /+70+,/>,3Q )H >+ /++, + $>+/ >+ '3+ $(%+/+ &+73%&' *3%' 0'+, ( ' 7,5 H >+ +3 73 3+@>,'4.

L ,+$$%1 &+( (>@'( ' $>31 %@ 0,'(+7 H >+ +( H'&' 3+ % + ( 7'($>( &+ (7'($>( &+ 7%('3 H ' /%++ %@ %$'+%+/+.

5/26/2018 NDICE

58/159

LA ACCIN TAMPN EN LOS L!UIDOS NATURALES:

M/+,%( +$+3,%'

D'3 />'3 &+ +3H'

S'(>$%1 &+ $%&' $(',)5&,%$' ( # 0', #.P0+( %&%$&', &+ 0".

P,'$+&%7%+/'

#. T'7, &'3 />'3 &+ +3H'. E >' 0'+, 9$76 0,'%7&7+/+ 3+ 3(% H + +('/,' 9 $76 &+ @> $',,%+/+. A'/, + > 00+( ('3 (',+3 &+ 0" &+ 7'3 7+&%'3>+ 3>+(+ 3+, + 7'3 $3'3 &+ ;.

+@' $& />' #$76 &+ "MC ( # 0', # H '(+, '3+,, +( 0".

!> (5>%&' ) ,%&' 73 (+/7+/+ 3> 0"? A > 3>3/$%3 &%3>+(/3 3+ &++?

R+3>(/&

'3

INFORME SOBRE LA PRCTICA NZ 9:

RESUMEN Y FUNDAMENTO:

C' +3/ 0,$/%$ 3+ 0,+/+&+ $'70,', ( $$%1 /701 &+ ('3 (%>%&'37',/%@>&',+3 3% /7% 0'&+7'3 +0(%$, >+ + (3 $(>(3 +%3/+ 3'(>$%'+3

5/26/2018 NDICE

59/159

7',/%@>&',3 >+ ,+@>( ( ,%$%1 &+( 0"Q+3/' +3 35 H >+ ('3 0,'$+3'3 >57%$'3>+ 3+ & + ( $(>( 0,'&>$+ 3>3/$%3 >+ (/+, +( 0" &+( 7+&%'.

A35 0', ++70(' +( %1 %$,'/' *"CO6-4 $/ $'7' /701 + ('3 7+&%'3

O,@%$'3. S% +( 0" +3 $%&' ), > +$+3' &+ %'+3 "6OW . E3/'3 3+, $0/&'3 0',+( %1 "CO-6 >+ 3+ /,3',7, + "7+/,. E(" += 3+ &+3$'70'&, + CO< H "7%& (' >+ 0,+/+&+7'3 $'70,', +3 ( $$%1 /701 0+,'0(%$& (5>%&'3 />,(+3 $'7' ( 3(%.


T'77'3 &'3 />'3 &+ +3H' H +$)7'3 9$76 &+ 3(% H 9$76 &+ @> $',,%+/+/+%+&' ( 7%37 $/%&& + '(>7+.

U += '/&'3 ('3 (',+3 &+ 0" &%7'3 ( 7%37 $/%&& &+ $%&' 7'3/>'3 &+ +3H' >+ 3+, &+ #$76 ( # 0', # H '(+,+7'3 '3+,, +( 0".

RESULTADOS:U += $'70,'&3 ('3 (',+3 $' ( $%/ &+ 0" >+ 73 ' 7+'3 /%++ > 0" &+;*+>/,'4.P37'3 ( +3/>&%' &+ $'70'3%$%1 >57%$ &+ 73 3>3/$%3.

A>>+ ( 3(% /%++ 0,'/+53 $'7' ( 7%(3 H ( 7>$% >+ >+@ > 00+(%70',//+ + +( 0,'$+3' &+ &+@(>$%1 ( $'70'3%$%1 &+ ( 3(% +3 0,+$%& ( &+(0(37 >>+ )H 7+'3 NW H 73 ^W H 7+'3 C(- H 73 "CO6-.E( 0" &+ ( 3(%+3 $3% +>/,' H &+%&' 3> $'/+%&' &+ "CO6- /%++ 0,'0%+&&+3 +>/,(%=/+3 &+ ('3$%&'3 &+ 7+, >+ >+@ > %70',//+ 00+( + ( )%@%++ &+ ( '$.

A35 0'&+7'3 +0(%$, >+ 0,/%, &+ ( $$%1 &+ 3(+3 >+ /%++ +>/,(%= ( $%&' H

$7%, 73 (+/7+/+ +( 0".

E( @> ( ' /++, > 3%3/+7 &+ /701 >+ ,+@>(+ ( $'$+/,$%1 +( 0" ,% &+7+, ,&%$(

E/'$+3 0'&+7'3 $'$(>%, $' >+ +( 0" &+ ( 3(% ), ,%&' (+/7+/+ ' ),,%&' 7+'3 >+ +( &+( @> H ++$/%7+/+ +3 35 H >+ ( '(+, 7+&%, +( 0" +(

5/26/2018 NDICE

60/159

&+( @> +, &+ 9 H &+ ( 3(% &+ .9Q( 7%37' /%+70' >+ 3%$,'%=7'3 +( /%+70' H3(+ > 7+&% &+ .9 3.

DISCUSIN:

P'&+7'3 3+, >+ ( 3(% /%++ 0,'0%+&&+3 +>/,(%=/+3 + ( '$ H >+@ > 00+(

%70',//+ + ( )%@%++ >$(.

E( %$' %$'+%+/+ >+ 0,+3+/ +3/ 0,$/%$ +3 >+ )H >+ 3+, (' 3>%$%+/+7+/+0,+$%3' ( )', &+ /'7, (3 7>+3/,3 &+ 3(% H &+ @> H >+ &+ ' 3+, 35 +(+0+,%7+/' 0>+&+ ,+3>(/, >(' ' +,3+ +$/&' 0', +( $%&' H >+ ( $'$+/,$%1 +3&%3/%/H '(+, ,+0+/%,(' &+ >+' )3/ >+ 3(@ &+ >+'.

C'7' 7+ 0,+$+ %/+,+3/+ +( /+7 &+ (3 0,'0%+&&+3 +>/,(%=/+3 H +( 00+( >+>+@ + ( )%@%++ >$( &>/' > %7@+ 3+(&' (3 &%+,+/+3 @(&>(33(%(+3:

5/26/2018 NDICE

61/159
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TSBj6NJo_qI/AAAAAAAAACo/qSbfPZ1gcEI/s1600/img033.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

62/159

MARCO TERICO *> 0'$' $+,$ &+ ('3 (50%&'34

L'3 (50%&'3 3' 7'($>(3 $'3/%/>%&3 0', C " H + 7+', 0,'0',$%1 O%@+'Q
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TSBj8AX94yI/AAAAAAAAACs/ynUkUWtjmxw/s1600/img034.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

63/159

/7% 0>+&+ /++, + 3> +3/,>$/>, P H N. S' )%&,1''3 *%3'(>(+3 + @> H

+ '/,'3 &%3'(+/+3 0'(,+34 3% +7,@' 3' 3'(>(+3 + 3'(+/+3 0'(,+3 $'7'

$+/' /+, +$+' +/$.

FUNCIONES DE LOS LIPIDOS:

_R+3+, &+ ++,@5

_A%3(/+3 /,7%$'3

_P,'/+$$%1

_E3/,>$/>,(

L'3 (50%&'3 73 >&/+3 3' ('3 >+ 0'3+ $%&'3 @,3'3 +3 &+$%, ('3 (50%&'3

30'%%$(+3. D+ +(('3 ('3 /,%@(%$,%&'3 *@,33 H $+%/+34 3' ('3 73 $,$/+,53/%$'3.

E ('3 /,%@(%$,%&'3 > 7'($>( &+ @(%$+,% 3+ +$>+/, +3/+,%%$& 0', /,+3 7'($>(3&+ $%&'3 @,3'3. L ,+$$%1 &+ ',7$%1 3+, ( 3%@>%+/+:

GLICERINA W 6 ACIDOS GRASO`STERW AGUA

*A($')'(4 *T,%@(%$,%&'4

L $,$/+,53/%$ $'7 /'&'3 ('3 (50%&'3 +3 >+ 3' %3'(>(+3 + @> H 3'(>(+3

+ &%3'(+/+3 ',@%$'3 $'7' ( @3'(% +$+' %('( $(','',7'...

C>&' 3+ 7+=$( @> H $+%/+ H 3+ @%/ ( 7+=$( 3+ ',7 > +7>(3%1

/,3%/',%. E3/' 3%@%%$ >+ 3% 3+ &+ ( 7+=$( ,+0'3, >'3 %3//+3 (3

@'/3 &+ $+%/+ &+ 7+', &+3%&& 3>+ H 3+ >+ +/,+ 35 ',7&'3+ &'3 $03 (3>0+,%', &+ $+%/+ H ( %+,%', &+ @> $'70,'&'3+ 3> %3'(>%(%&& +@>.

5/26/2018 NDICE

64/159

E $>/' 3> /%$%1 ('3 (50%&'3 3+ $'(',+ 3+(+$/%7+/+ &+ ,'' -,&'

$' +( $'(',/+ S>& III

O3+,, ('3 ,+3>(/&'3: 3+ +, $'7' +( $+%/+ 3+ ) &%3>+(/' + +( /+, H +

$7%' ' (' )$+ + +( @> H +( $+%/+ &+%&' 3> 7+', &+3%&&.

RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES

#.!> 3' ('3 '+3?

E( 1 +3 ( 3( *@++,(7+/+ &+ 3'&%'4 &+ ,%'3 $%&'3 @,3'3 0,'+%+/+3 &+( 3+'H @,33 %7(+3 %$(>H+&' $+%/+ &+ $'$' 0(7 3+7%(( &+ (@'&1 H '/,'3 + (',7>($%1 0, &,(+ (@> 0,'0%+&& +/, + >$%1 &+( /%0' &+ $+%/+. E( 1 +33'(>(+ + @> H ( 3'(>$%1 /%++ +$+(+/+3 0,'0%+&&+3 (%70%&',3.

D+ ',7 ,+3>7%& 0'&+7'3 &+$%, >+ > 1 +3 ( 3( &+ > $%&' @,3'.

< .C17' 3+ 0>+&+ '/++, '+3?

E ( $/>(%&& )H &'3 7/'&'3 &+ '/+$%1 &+( 1 7'3 3&'3 + (30'%%$$%1.

-P,%7+, 7/'&':

E +( 0,%7+, 7/'&' 3+ 0,'&>$+ ( 30'%%$$%1 &%,+$/7+/+ 3',+ ( @,3 3+

)$+ ,+$$%', +( ($(% $' ( @,3 H 3+ '/%++ +( 1 H @(%$+,%. E3/+ 7/'&' /%++$'7' &+3+/ >+ +3 73 &%5$%( ( 3+0,$%1 &+ ( @(%$+,% H +( 1.

-S+@>&' 7/'&':

5/26/2018 NDICE

65/159

E +3/+ 7/'&' 0,%7+,' 3+ 0,'&>$+ ( ,>0/>, >57%$ &+ ( @,3 H 3+ '/%++ (

@(%$+,% H ('3 $%&'3 @,3'3Q 3/'3 3+ 3+0, $%(7+/+. L>+@' 3+ 0,'&>$+ ( 3(

&+( $%&' @,3' H +( ($(%'.

6. P', > + ( 30'%%$$%1 ( @(%$+,% 0,+$+ + ( 3+ $>'3?

P',>+ ( @(%$+,% ' +3 (%0'3'(>(+. T%++ >+ +, $' 3> 3'(>%(%&&

Y >+ +3 > 0,'&>$/' 3+$>&,%' (' %70',//+ +3 +( 1.

. !> +=%7 ('@, + +( 0,/' &%@+3/%' ( )%&,1(%3%3 &+ @>?

E3 ( (%03 +3 > +=%7 >%$> >+ 3+ >3 + +( ',@%37' 0, &%3@,+@, (3 @,33&+ ('3 (%7+/'3 &+ 7+, >+ 3+ 0>+& 3',+,. S> >$%1 0,%$%0( +3 $/(%=, (

)%&,1(%3%3 &+ /,%$%(-@(%$+,'( @(%$+,'(. L3 (%033 3+ +$>+/, + @, ,%+&& &+ 3+,+3%'3.

9. I&%$ (' >+ '$>,,+ $' ( 7+=$( $+%/+ X S>& III H $+%/+ X T%/ H

+0(%$ >+ 3+ &++ ( &%+,+$% +/,+ 7'3 ,+3>(/&'3.

E( 3>& III X $+%/+ 0,+3+/ > $'(',$%1 ,'' %':

E3/+ ,+3>(/&' 3+ &++ >+ +( $+%/+ H (3 @,33 3' > @,>0' &+ $'70>+3/'3

',@%$'3 +%3/+/+3 + ( />,(+= >+ $'3%3/+ + 3/+,+3 ',7&'3 0', /,+3

7'($>(3 &+ $%&'3 @,3'3 H > 7'($>( &+( ($')'( @(%$+,%. D+ /( 7+, >+

+( S>& III (' ,+$''$+ H (' /%+.

T%/ $)% X $+%/+ 0,+3+/ > $'(',$%1 ,'' 3@,+:

L3 &%+,+$%3 +/,+ 7'3 +3 >+ + +( 3>& III $' +( $+%/+ /'&' +( $+%/+

0,+$+ /+%&' H + ( /%/ $)% $+%/+ +3/+ 3+ >+ 0'$' 0'$' &+3/%+&'

3>+7+/+ 0+,' ' &+( /'&'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

66/159

. !> '$>,,+ $' ( +7>(3%1 &+ @> + $+%/+ /,3$>,,%&'3 >'3 7%>/'3 &+ ,+0'3'?Y $' ( &+( +$+' H +( $+%/+? A > 3+ &++ (3 &%+,+$%3 '3+,&3 +/,+73 +7>(3%'+3?

A( 03, >'3 7%>/'3 &+ ,+0'3' '/7'3 >+ +( $+%/+ 3>+ H @> 3+ +$>+/,

'. E( @> +3 73 &+3 >+ +( $+%/+.

CONCLUSIONES Y RESULTADOS:

E +( +0+,%7+/' &+ 3'(>%(%&& &+ ('3 (50%&'3 3+ 0'&, '3+,, >+ +(

$+%/+ 3+ ) &%3>+(/' + +( /+, H ' + +( @> H >+ +3/+ 3>%, &+%&' 3>

7+', &+3%&& ( 3+0,,3+ +( (7%&1.

L'3 (50%&'3 3' %3'(>(+3 + @>. C>&' 3+ @%/ >+,/+7+/+ + +(( 3+

&%%&+ + 0+>+53%73 @'/3 ',7&' > +7>(3%1 &+ 30+$/' (+$)'3'>+ +3 /,3%/',% 0>+3 &+30,+$+ + ,+0'3' 0', ,+@,>0$%1 &+ (3 @'/%/3

&+ @,3 + > $0 >+ 0', 3> 7+', &+3%&& 3+ 3%/ 3',+ +( @>.

P', +( $'/,,%' (3 @,33 3' 3'(>(+3 + &%3'(+/+3 ',@%$'3 $'7' +(

/+, $(','',7' $+/' +$+' +/$.

5/26/2018 NDICE

67/159

APLICACIN COMO DISCUSIN:

P', ++70(' + +( $70' &+ ( I@+%+,5 A@,'%&>3/,%( +( 3+, $17' ,+$''$+,$>(%//%7+/+ ('3 (50%&'3 +3 &+ %70',/$%Q H >+ ,+$''$+,('3 +3 3%$'

0, &+3,,'((, &%+,+/+3 (%3%3 + @,33 H $+%/+3.

E +3/+ %',7+ &+ (',/',%' +3/ $'/+%&' /'&' (' ,++,+/+ +3/+ /+7Q 7,$'

/+1,%$' &+3$,%0$%1 &+ ( 0,$/%$ $'$(>3%'+3.

5/26/2018 NDICE

68/159
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHLM1w3_AI/AAAAAAAAADk/JAS0qpNqvgY/s1600/img038.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

69/159

INTRODUCCIN

E +3/ 0,$/%$ &+3,,'((7'3 +( /+7 &+ R+$''$%7%+/' &+0,'/+53 H 0, +((' &%+,+/+3 ',73 &+ ,+$''$+, ( 0,+3+$% &+(3 0,'/+53 + > 3>3/$% * $(, &+ )>+'4 (3 ,+$$%'+3 >/%(%=, +/$.

E3/+ %',7+ +$'70(+/' /7% $'/%++ ( +0+,%+$% + +( (',/',%'%7@++3 &+ +(( H (@>'3 ,+3>(/&'3 >+ 3+ 0+&5 + ( ,+(%=$%1 &+%',7+ H >+ 3+ ,+>+,5 3+, + $& +0+,%7+/$%1.

UN POCO ACERCA DE LAS PROTENAS:

PROTEINAS:

S' %'7'($>(3 &+ @, /7' H 0+3' 7'(+$>(, ',7&3 0', C " O H N.

S' 7$,'7'($>(3 ' 0'(57+,'3 &+ 7%'$%&'3.

AMINOCIDOS:

S' 7'($>(3 ',@%$3 >+ 0,+3+/ @,>0' 7%' *- N" @,>0'$%&' $,'%(%$' *- COO"4.E &%3'(>$%1 ('3 7%'$%&'3 ',7 %'+3 &'(+3 &+'7%&'3 *2a%//+,%'+34
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHLN5dXu9I/AAAAAAAAADo/tXrp-do5L1o/s1600/img039.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

70/159

&+%&' 3>3 @,>0'3 $%&' H 3+Q &+73 > 7%'$%&' &+0+&%+&' &+(P" &+ ( 3'(>$%1 0>+&+ $'70',/,3+ $'7' $%&' ' $'7' 3+ 0', +3/ ,=13+ (+3 &+'7% 1/+,.

ESTRUCTURA DE LAS PROTENAS:

E3/,>$/>, 0,%7,%:

E3 ( 3+$>+$% &+ 7%'$%&'3 &+ ( 0,'/+5 *+ ',7

(%+(4.

E3/,>$/>, 3+$>&,%:

L +3/,>$/>, 3+$>&,% +3 ( &%30'3%$%1 &+ (

3+$>+$% &+ 7%'$%&'3 + +( +30$%'. L *(4-)(%$+ E3/ +3/,>$/>, 3+

',7 ( +,'((,3+ )+(%$'%&(7+/+ 3',+ 35 7%37 ( +3/,>$/>, 0,%7,%.

L $'',7$%1 +/. E +3/ &%30'3%$%1 ('3 7%'$%&'3 ' ',7 >

)(%$+ 3%' > $&+ + ',7 &+ =%@=@.

E3/,>$/>, /+,$%,%:I',7 3',+ ( &%30'3%$%1 &+ ( +3/,>$/>, 3+$>&,%

&+ > 0'(%00/%&' ( 0(+@,3+ 3',+ 35 7%37 ',%@%&' > $'',7$%1

@('>(,. A0,+$+ ,%'3 /%0'3 &+ +($+3:*+( 0>+/+ &%3>(>,' ('3 0>+/+3 &+

)%&,1@+'('3 0>+/+3 +($/,%$'3(3 %/+,$$%'+3 )%&,1'34

E3/,>$/>, $>/+,,%:E3/ +3/,>$/>, %',7 &+ ( >%1 7+&%/+ +($+3

&%(+3 *' $'(+/+34 &+ ,%3 $&+3 0'(%0+0/5&%$3 $' +3/,>$/>, /+,$%,% 0,',7, > $'70(+' 0,'/+%$'. C& > &+ +3/3 $&+3 0'(%0+0/5&%$3 ,+$%+ +( '7,+&+ 0,'/17+,'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

71/159

REACCIONES DE RECONOCIMIENTO

C'@>($%1 &+ P,'/+53

5/26/2018 NDICE

72/159

L3 0,'/+53 &+%&' ( @, /7' &+ 3>3 7'($>(3 ',7 $' +( @> 3'(>$%'+3$'('%&(+3. E3/3 3'(>$%'+3 0>+&+ 0,+$%0%/, $' ',7$%1 &+ $'@>('3 ( 3+,

$(+/&3 /+70+,/>,3 3>0+,%',+3 ('3 ;:C ' ( 3+, /,/&3 $' 3'(>$%'+3 3(%3$%&'3 ($')'( +/$.

L $'@>($%1 &+ (3 0,'/+53 +3 > 0,'$+3' %,,++,3%(+ H 3+ &++ 3>&+3/>,(%=$%1 0', ('3 @+/+3 %&%$&'3 >+ ( $/>, 3',+ ( 0,'/+5 ( &+3',&+0', ( &+3/,>$$%1 &+ 3> +3/,>$/>, /+,$%,% H $>/+,,%

T$%$

P, +, ( $'@>($%1 &+ (3 0,'/+53 3+ 0>+&+ >/%(%=, $(, &+ )>+' 0, $'3+@>%,73 '(>7+ 0>+&+ 0,+0,,3+ 0, /'& ( $(3+ > &%(>$%1 &+ $(, &+ )>+' +@> &+ ',7 >+ >+&+ > 7+=$( +30+3.

C'('$, + > />' &+ +3H' > 0+>+ $/%&& &+ $(, &+ )>+'.

A&%, 9 @'/3 &+ $%&' $/%$' H $(+/, +( />' ( ((7 &+( 7+$)+,'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

73/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

74/159

R+$$%'+3 $'(',+&3

R+$$%1 /'0,'/+%$

E( '+/%' &+ +3/ 0,$/%$ $'3%3/+ + ,+$''$+, ( 0,+3+$% &+ 0,'/+53 + ( $(, &+

)>+'. P, +((' >/%(%=,+7'3 ( 0,>+ /'0,'/+%$.

F>&7+/' /+1,%$'

E +( $3' &+ )+, 0,'/+53 + ( $(, &+ )>+' ( &%, "NO6 H $(+/,(' 3/

&++ /'7, > $'(', 7,%((' 3>+ H ( &%, N"6 &++, /'7, > /'' ,&'.

E0+,%7+/$%1

T++7'3 $(, &+ )>+' + > 3' &+ 0,+$%0%/&'. T'77'3 > 7>+3/, $' >

+,%@>%(( H ( +,/+7'3 + > />' &+ +3H'. A&%7'3 +( "NO6 H $(+/7'3:

R+3>(/&'3

D&' >+ ('3 ,+3>(/&'3 &+ ( 0,>+ /'0,'/+%$ & 0'3%/%'3 >+& &+7'3/,& (

0,+3+$% &+ 0,'/+53 + ( $(, &+ )>+'. E( )+$)' &+ >+ ( $(, 3'(%&%%>+ +

$'/$/' $' +( "NO6 +3 &+%&' >+ ( $7%, +( 0" &+ ( &%3'(>$%1 (3 0,'/+53

>+ + +(( )H 3+ &+/>,(%= H 3+ >+(+ %3'(>(+3.

E3 &+%& ( ',7$%1 &+ > $'70>+3/' ,'7/%$' %/,&' &+ $'(', 7,%((' $>&' (30,'/+53 3' /,/&3 $' $%&' 5/,%$' $'$+/,&'. L 0,>+ & ,+3>(/&' 0'3%/%' +>+((3 0,'/+53 $' 7%'$%&'3 0',/&',+3 &+ @,>0'3 +$%$'3 +30+$%(7+/+ +0,+3+$% &+ /%,'3%. S% > += ,+(%=& ( 0,>+ 3+ +>/,(%= $' > ($(% %, >$'(', ,&' '3$>,'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

75/159

T+$%$3

P'+, + +( />' &+ +3H' &+ < 6 $$. &+ 3'(>$%1 0,'(+7 *$(, &+ )>+' 4.

A&%, # $$. &+ "NO6 $'$+/,&'.

C(+/, ( ' 7,5 #: C..

E,%, + @> ,5

A&%, @'/ @'/ > &%3'(>$%1 &+ 3'3 ( .

R+$$%1 &+ B%>,+/

L 0,'&>$+ ('3 00/%&'3 H (3 0,'/+53 0+,' ' ('3 7%'$%&'3 H >+ 3+ &++ (0,+3+$% &+( +($+ 0+0/5&%$' *- CO- N" -4>+ 3+ &+3/,>H+ ( (%+,,3+ ('3 7%'$%&'3.

C>&' > 0,'/+5 3+ 0'+ + $'/$/' $' > ($(% $'$+/,&' 3+ ',7 >3>3/$% $'70(+ &+'7%& B%>,+/ &+ 1,7>(:

>+ + $'/$/' $' > 3'(>$%1 &+ 3>(/' $0,%$' &%(>%& & > $'(',$%1 %'(+/$,$/+,53/%$.

5/26/2018 NDICE

76/159

T$%$

T'7, > />' &+ +3H' H 0'+, >'3 6 $$. &+ (7% &+ )>+'.

A&%, $%1 1 9 @'/3 &+ 3'(>$%1 &+ 3>(/' $0,%$' &%(>%& ( #.

D++ 0,+$+, > $'(',$%1 %'(+/-,'3$+ $,$/+,53/%$.

-'/, ,+$$%1 %/+,+3/+:

R+$$%1 &+ ('3 7%'$%&'3 =>,&'3

S+ 0'+ &+ 7%%+3/' 0', ( ',7$%1 &+ > 0,+$%0%/&' +@,>=$' &+ 3>(>,' &+ 0('7'.

S+ 3 +3/ ,+$$%1 + ( 3+0,$%1 7+&%/+ > ($(% &+( =>,+ &+ ('3 7%'$%&'3+( $>( ( ,+$$%', $' > 3'(>$%1 &+ $+//' &+ 0('7' ',7 +( 3>(>,' &+ 0('7'.

T$%$

5/26/2018 NDICE

77/159

P'+, + +( />' &+ +3H' &+ < 6 $$. &+ (7% &+ )>+' *$(, &+ )>+'4.

A&%, < $$. &+ 3'(>$%1 &+ )%&,1%&' 31&%$' ( $%1 &+ $+//' &+ 0('7' ( 9.

C(+/, +( />' )3/ +>((%$%1.

S% 3+ ',7 > 0,+$%0%/&' &+ $'(', +@,>=$' '3 %&%$ >+ 3+ ) ',7&' 3>(>,' &+0('7' >/%(%=&'3+ +( =>,+ &+ ('3 7%'$%&'3 (' >+ '3 3%,+ 0, %&+/%%$,0,'/+53 >+ /%++ + 3> $'70'3%$%1 7%'$%&'3 $' =>,+.

CUESTIONES DE LA PRCTICA:

5/26/2018 NDICE

78/159

C17' 3+ 7%%+3/ ( &+3/>,(%=$%1 &+ ( $(, &+

)>+'?

L &+3/>,(%=$%1 &+ 0,'/+53 3+ & + ( $(, &+ )>+' >+ 3' +@, 0,/+ (7%3 + @>. E ('3 )>+'3 ,+3$'3 ( $(, +3 /,30,+/+ H(5>%&Q 0+,' ( $'$%,3+ 3+ >+(+ '0$ H ($ ',7&' > 73 31(%&%/+,$'7>%$&.

E3 7%37 &+3/>,(%=$%1 0>+&+ 0,'&>$%,3+ /,3 &+> &+3/>,(%=$%1 >57%$ 0', ++70(' '($&'( + > ,+$%0%+/+ $'$+/' ,%$%+3 &+ 0" $'3%@>%+&' 35 ( &+3/>,(%=$%1 %,,++,3%(+ &+ (0,'/+5 H 0,&%& &+ ( 3'(>%(%&& 0+,' /7% 0>+&+ 3+, $>3&3 0', ( (//+70+,/>,.

C>( &+ ('3 /,+3 @+/+3 >/%(%=&'3 /%++ 7H', 0'&+, &+

&+3/>,(%=$%1?

E( ++$/' &+ ( /+70+,/>, $>&' ( /+70+,/>, +3 +(+& >7+/ (++,@5 $%/%$ &+ (3 7'($>(3 $' (' >+ 3+ &+3',@%= ( +'(/>,$>'3 &+ (3 0,'/+53 H 3+ &+3/>,(%=.

C17' 0'&,57'3 3+, >+ > 3>3/$% &+3$''$%&

+3 > 0,'/+5?

P, 3+, 3% > 3>3/$% &+3$''$%& +3 > 0,'/+5 3+ >/%(%= +( R+$/%' &+B%>,+/ +3 >+( >+ &+/+$/ ( 0,+3+$% &+ 0,'/+53 00/%&'3 $',/'3 H '/,'3$'70>+3/'3 $' &'3 ' 73 +($+3 0+0/5&%$'3 + 3>3/$%3 &+

$'70'3%$%1 &+3$''$%&.E3/ )+$)' &+ )%&,1%&' 0'/3%$' *^O"4 H 3>(/' $0,%$' *C>SO4 >/'$'*^NCO"&' 3+ $'7% $' 0'(%00/%&'3 &+ $&+ $',/. E( "%&,1%&'&+ P'/3%' ' 0,/%$%0 + ( ,+$$%1 0+,' 0,'0',$%' +( 7+&%'($(%' +$+3,%' 0,>+ /+@ (>@,.

5/26/2018 NDICE

79/159

!> $'(',$%1 & ( ,+$$%1 &+( B%>,+/?

L $'(',$%1 >+ 0,+3+/ +3 +( $'(', %'(+/ %&%$&' ( 0,+3+$% &+

0,'/+53.

U 0,'/+5 $'@>(& 0'&,5 &, ( ,+$$%1 &+ B%>,+/?

L3 0,'/+53 &+%&' ( @, /7' &+ 3>3 7'($>(3 ',7 $' +( @>3'(>$%'+3 $'('%&(+3. E3/3 3'(>$%'+3 0>+&+ 0,+$%0%/, $' ',7$%1 &+$'@>('3 ( 3+, $(+/&3 /+70+,/>,3 3>0+,%',+3 ('3 ; bC ' ( 3+,/,/&3 $' 3'(>$%'+3 3(%3 $%&'3 ($')'( +/$.S% > 0,'/+5 $'@>(& 0'&,5 &, ( ,+$$%1 &+ B%>,+/ 0',>+ +( ,+$/%',+$$%' $' $>(>%+, 0,'/+5 (%>%& ' 31(%& 0', ++70(' $>&' )$+3> $>/%%$$%1 &+ 0,'/+53 + 3>+,' *(%>%&4 ' $>&' )$+3 > 0,>+$>(%//% + )>+'3 $,+ 003 +/$.

S% 3+ ,+(%= ( ,+$$%1 &+( B%>,+/ 3',+ > 7%'$%&'

$'7' ( G(%$% +3 0'3%/% ' +@/%? P', >?

L @(%$% ' ,+$$%'1 $' +( ,+$/%' &+ B%>,+/ 0',>+ +3/ + ',7 (%,+ H ')H +($+3 0+0/5&%$'3 $' ('3 >+ 0>+& ,+$$%', +3/+ ,+$/%'. D+ +3/7+, ( @(%$% &%' > 0,>+ +@/%. A&+73 + ( ,+$$%1/'0,'/%$ & +@/%' 0',>+ $,+$+ &+ @,>0'3 ,'7/%$'3.

CONCLUSIONES DE LA PRCTICA.

L3 0,'/+53 $'3/%/>H+ > &+ (3 7'($>(3 73 %70',//+3 + +(

',@%37' H >+ $>70(+ 7>$)3 >$%'+3

L3 0,'/+53 +3/ $'3/%/>%&3 0', 7%'$%&'3 0', ('3 $>(+3 ('3

5/26/2018 NDICE

80/159

7/'&'3 3+ 3 + +( ,+$''$%7%+/' &+ ('3 7%'$%&'3

A( ,+(%=, (3 &%+,+/+3 0,>+3 $' ( (7% 3+ 0>&' $'70,',

+0+,%7+/(7+/+ >+ 3+ /,/ &+ > 0,'/+5

L3 0,'/+53 3' 3+3%(+3 $' (3 3(+3 7+/(%$3 0+3&3 *7+,$>,%'

$',+ 0('7'4 ',7&' 0,+$%0%/&'3

E (3 ,+$$%'+3 &'&+ 3+ '/>' 0,+$%0%/$%1 3+ &+%1 > $7%'+ +( +3/&' 53%$' &+ ( 0,'/+5 7%+/,3 >+ + ( $'@>($%1 3+ )

0,'&>$%&' > $7%' + +( +3/&' 53%$' H + ( +3/,>$/>, >57%$ 0',+3' +3 %,,++,3%(+.

5/26/2018 NDICE

81/159
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHE5-Xkw4I/AAAAAAAAADE/mMM-g4Udv54/s1600/img040.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

82/159
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHHH5UcmtI/AAAAAAAAADM/1Mo9CZdC6rs/s1600/img042.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHFlGnD0hI/AAAAAAAAADI/1bry7FptPLQ/s1600/img041.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

83/159

INTRODUCCIN:

C'7' 3+7'3 0'&+7'3 @,>0, ('3 0,%$%0%'3 %7+&%/'3 >+ $'3/%/>H+ ( 7/+,%% + ',@%$'3 + %',@%$'3. A 3> += ('3 ',@%$'3 0>+&+ >+&, &%3/,%>%&'3 + ('33%@>%+/+3 @,>0'3: @($%&'3 0,1/%&'3 (50%&'3 H $%&'3 >$(+%$'3. E/,+ ('3 0,%$%0%'3',@%$'3 >& 73 ('3 /,+3 0,%7+,'3 >+ )+7'3 $%/&' H >+ ('3 $%&'3 >$(+%$'3>$ /%++ > >$%1 &+ ,+3+, H $>&' ( /%++ +3/,>$/>,( 3/ 3+ ,+&>$+ 0+>+3 +3/,>$/>,3 $+(>(,+3 *,%'3'734.

E +3/ 0,$/%$ 7'3 ,+$''$+, -7+&%/+ ,+$$%'+3 >57%$3 H &+ /%$%1+30+$5%$3 0, $& > &+ +3/3 3>3/$%3- 7''3$,%&'3 *+ >+3/,' $3'@(>$'34 3$,'3 H (7%&1 0,'/+53 *$3+5 &+ ( (+$)+4 H (50%&'3 + ( (+$)+.

COMPOSICIN DE LA LEC"E:

5/26/2018 NDICE

84/159

PROCEDIMIENTO

A4 D+3/>,(%=$%1 ' $'@>($%1 &+ 0,'/+53 ($/+3.

5/26/2018 NDICE

85/159

FUNDAMENTO

C'7' H )+7'3 %3/' + 0,$/%$3 /+,%',+3 ( $'@>($%1 &+ (3 0,'/+53 3+ 0,'&>$+0', ( &+3/>,(%=$%1 &+ 3/3 >+ 3' 0,''$&3 0', ,%'3 $/',+3 //' >57%$'3

$'7' 53%$'3 $'7': +( >7+/' &+ /+70+,/>, ,%$%'+3 &+ 0,+3%1 H &+ 0" ' $7%'3+ ( $'$+/,$%1 3(%. L &+3/>,(%=$%1 +3 ( (/+,$%1 &+ ( $'',7$%1/% &+ (3 0,'/+53 0', (@>' &+ ('3 $/',+3 $%/&'3 0,''$&' ( ,'/>, &+ ('3+($+3 &+ ( +3/,>$/>, $>/+,,% /+,$%,% H 3+$>&,%.

TCNICA

"$+, > 3+,%+ &+ $>/,' />'3 &+ +3H' H >7+,,('3.

A( />' Z # 3+ (+ &+ (&' (3 0,'/+53 3+ ) 0,+$%0%/&' 0', //'+ +3 3+ 3% 3+ ) 0,'&>$%&' ( &+3/>,(%=$%1.

E +( />' Z < ' 3+ ) 0,'&>$%&' ( &+3/>,(%=$%1 &+ (3 0,'/+53 ($/+3 0>+3/'>+ ' 3+ ) $'@>(&' ( (+$)+.E +( />' Z 6 ) '$>,,%&' (' 7%37' >+ + +( />' Z #.E +( />' Z /70'$' 3+ ) 0,'&>$%&' ( &+3/>,(%=$%1 0', +( )+$)' &+ >+ ' 3+) $'@>(&' ( (+$)+.

5/26/2018 NDICE

86/159

B4 R+$''$%7%+/' &+ @,33 + ( (+$)+.

FUNDAMENTO

L3 @,33 3+ $'(',+ &+ ,''-,&' $' +( $'(',/+ S>& III. 3/' 3+ &++ >+ +( S>& III +3 > $'(',/+ (%0'%(' *3'(>(+ + @,334. P', +3 %%&& ('3 $%&'3@,3'3 )$+ >+ ( 7+=$( &+ 3/'3 $' +( $'(',/+ 3+ 0'@ &+ $'(', ,'' 7+=$(&'3+/'/(7+/+ H $'%,/%&'3+ + > $'(',/+ +30+$5%$' >/%(%=&' 0, ,++(, ( 0,+3+$%&+ @,33.

TCNICA

C'('$, />' &+ +3H' &%, #7( &+ @> H >3 @'/3 &+ S>&III H @%/, >+,/+7+/+.

O3+,, >+ 3+ /%+ /'&' &+ ,'3.

A&%, #7( &+ "C( ( 9 H $(+/,('. O3+,, ('3 ,+3>(/&'3 '/+%&'3.

RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS

5/26/2018 NDICE

87/159

4 F3+ 3>0+,%', &+ $'(', ,'3 ',7& 0', (3 @,33 /+%&3 0', +( S>& III >+ +3 >$'(',/+ +30+$5%$' &+ @,33 $'7' )+7'3 3+(&' /+,%',7+/+.

4 F3+ %/+,7+&% $' +( @> H $%+,/'3 $'70>+3/'3 3'(>(+3 $'7' ( ($/'3 H (@>3

0,'/+53 &%3>+(/3 *($/'(7% H ($/'@('>(%4.

$4 F3+ %+,%', $' (3 0,'/+53 $'@>(&3 H 0,+$%0%/&3 *H 3+(&' /+3 3+ )0,'&>$%&' &+3/>,(%=$%1 ( $(+/, ( (+$)+.

C4 R+$''$%7%+/' &+ @($%&'3 + ( (+$)+.

FUNDAMENTO

E/,+ ( @, 7H',5 &+ ('3 =$,+3 H + +30+$%( ('3 7''3$,%&'3 H ('3&%3$,%&'3 0'3++ > 0'&+, ,+&>$/', @,$%3 ( @,>0' $,'%(' >+ /%++ + 3>7'($>(. E( 0'&+, ,+&>$/', $'3%3/+ + ( $0$%&& &+ > /'7' ' &+ > %' &+ $+&+,>' ' 73 +(+$/,'+3 '/,' /'7' ' %' >+ >+&, ,+&>$%&'. E3/+ $,$/+, ,+&>$/',0>+&+ 0'+,3+ &+ 7%%+3/' 0', 7+&%' &+( ,+$/%' &+ F+)(%@ > ,+$$%1 ,+&'((+& $' +/,+ +(('3 H +( 3>(/' &+ C',+ *II4. L3 3'(>$%'+3 &+ +3/ 3( /%++ $'(',=>(. T,3 ( ,+$$%1 $' +( @($%&' ,+&>$/', 3+ ',7 1%&' &+ C',+ *I4 &+ $'(', ,''. A3%7%37' +( $7%' &+ $'(', %&%$ >+ 3+ ) 0,'&>$%&' ( $%/& ,+$$%1 H >+ 0', ('//' +( @($%&' 0,+3+/+ +3 ,+&>$/',. E( )+$)' &+ /++, +( 0'&+, ,+&>$/', 3+ &++ +(O" &+( $,'' $,'%(' +3/ (%,+ 0', (' >+ ,+$$%' $' +( 3>(/' &+ $',+ &+(

F+)(%@ *=>( H 3'(>(+4 ,+&>$%&'(' 1%&' &+ $',+ *,'' ,&' H 7+'3 3'(>(+4.

TCNICA

S+ ,+$'@+ 0,/+ $' > 0%0+/ P3/+>, ' $>+/@'/3 ( 3+ 3'(>(+ &+ ( 0,>+/+%', 3+ %(/, H 3+ &+ #7( &+( %(/,&' > />' &+ +3H'.

A +3/+ />' 3+ (+ @,+@ #7( &+( ,+$/%' &+ F+)(%@ *' &+ B++&%$/4 H 3+ (+ $(%+/

&>,/+ >'3 7%>/'3.

S% ( 0,>+ +3 0'3%/% *)H 0,+3+$% &+ > @($%&' ,+&>$/', + +3/+ $3' ( ($/'340,+$+, > 0,+$%0%/&' &+ 1%&' &+ $',+ &+ $'(', ,''.


5/26/2018 NDICE

88/159

P+3+ >+ (' $(+/7'3 &>,/+ >'3 7%>/'3 ' '3+,7'3 +( $7%' &+ $'(',3+ >+& =>(. S>0'+7'3 >+ 3+ &++ >+ ' (' &+7'3 +( /%+70' 3>%$%+/+.

D4 R+$''$%7%+/' &+ 0,'/+53 + ( (+$)+: P,>+ /'0,'/+%$.

FUNDAMENTO

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

E >+3/,' +0+,%7+/' >/%(%=,+7'3 ( $3+5 0,'/+5 0,+3+/+ + ( (+$)+ H >+$'/%++ 7%'$%&'3 ,'7/%$'3.

TCNICA

- R+$'@+, $' > +30/>( +( 0,+$%0%/&' &+ ( (+$)+ $'@>(& *$3+54 ((+,(' >

/,'=' &+ 00+( &+ %(/,' H 3+$,('.-P'+, + > />' &+ +3H' > 0+>+ 0',$%1 &+( 0,+$%0%/&' 3+$' &%, >3@'/3 &+ $%&' 5/,%$' 0>,' H $(+/, (%@+,7+/+.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUQhfrNX0cI/AAAAAAAAACA/23xXXF72nWg/s1600/xantoproteica.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

89/159

C'7' 0>&%7'3 $'70,', $>&' ( 0,+$%0%/&' &+ ( (+$)+ $'@>(& >+ +, ($3+5 (+ &%7'3 $%&' 5/,%$' H (' $(+/7'3 %7'3 $'7' &'0/ > $'(',$%17,%(( &+%&' $'7' H )+7'3 &%$)' /+,%',7+/+ ( %/,$%1 &+ ('3 7%'$%&'3,'7/%$'3 &+ ( $3+5.

ESTUDIOS EN2IMTICOS

#4 "IDRLISIS EN2IMTICA DEL ALMIDN POR LA SALIVA:

FUNDAMENTO

A $'/%>$%1 7'3 +0(%$, +( >&7+/' &+( 0,'$+&%7%+/' +0+,%7+/ +( (>@'( (%/,'&>$%,3+ + ( 7'($>( &+ (7%&1 Q +3/' 3+ &+/+$/ 0', ( $'(',$%1 %'(+/-=>(&>+ /'7 ( 7+=$(. E( (7%&1 +3 > 0'(%3$,%&' >+ 3+ +$>+/, + ('3 7%('0(3/'3&+ (3 $(>(3 +@+/(+3 3',+ /'&' + (3 3+7%((3 (3 ,5$+3 H ('3 /(('3. T7%0,+$+ + (@>'3 0,'/%3/3. R+(7+/+ +3/ $'70>+3/' 0', &'3 /%0'3 &+ 7'($>(3: (7%('3 3%+&' 3/ ( >+ 3+ 0+@ +( (>@'( + ,5' 0', (' >+ +3 ( >+ 3+ /%+ &+ =>(-%'(+/Q H 0', ( 7%('0+$/%. R+(7+/+ ' 3+ /,/ &+ > ,+$$%1 >57%$ 3%' &+ >

3',$%1.

L 3(% $'/%++ > +=%7 )%&,'(3 >+ /%++ ( >$%1 &+ &%@+,%, +( @(>$1@+' H +((7%&1 0, ',7, =$,+3 3%70(+3. S+ 0,'&>$+ 0,%$%0(7+/+ + (3 @(&>(33(%,+3 3+ /,/ &+ ( +=%7 7%(3. C>&' +( (7%&1 +3 &+@,&&' 3+'%/%++ @(>$'3 &+/,'3 H ,@7+/'3 &+ '/,'3 =>$,+3.

TCNICA

P,%7+,' 3+ )$+ > />' 0/,1 $' &%3'(>$%1 &+ (7%&1 ( < H >3 @'/3&+ &%3'(>$%1 &+ H'&' *(>@'(4. O3+,, +( ,+3>(/&'. D+30>3 3+ $(%+/ 3>+7+/+ +(/>' )3/ >+ ( 7+=$( 0%+,& +( $'(',. D+, +,%, +( />' ' +( @> &+( @,%' H+30+,, >'3 7%>/'3. A'/, (' 3>$+&%&'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

90/159

C'('$, + > 3+@>&' />' &'3. A&%, >3 @'/3 &+ (>@'(. A'/, ('3 ,+3>(/&'3 H &, > +0(%$$%1 (''$>,,%&'.

RESULTADOS OBTENIDOS:

A( &%,(+ (>@'( ( (7%&1 0>&%7'3 '3+,, $'7' &>%,5 > $'(',$%1 =>(-%'(+/0', ( 3',$%1 +/,+ ( 7%('3 H +( (>@'(. A( $(+/,(' 0+,&5 +( $'(', H >+ (3',$%1 3'(' 3+ 0,'&>$+ + ,5'. P', //' $>&' (>+@' (' &+7'3 +,%, '(%1 +3$'(',$%1 $,$/+,53/%$3 &+( 0,%$%0%'.A( 7+=$(, +( (7%&1 $' ( 3(% ( +=%77%(3 +3 ( +$,@& &+ &+@,&,('. S% (>+@' (+ &%7'3 (>@'( 3+@>%7'3 '3+,&'+3 $'(',$%1 =>(-%'(+/ &+( +0+,%7+/' /+,%', 0>+3/' >+ 3+ ) >+(/' 0,'&>$%, (3',$%1 +/,+ +( (>@'( H ( 7%('3 &+( (7%&1.

+=%7 >+ 3+ +$>+/, + /+%&'3 +@+/(+3 *0// =)',%(+$)>@ +$/.4 $'7' + /+%&'3 %7(+3 *$,+ 0+3$&' +/$.4 0,'&>$%+&' ( 3%@>%+/+,+$$%' >57%$:

" '%@+&4 -----c " H '5@+'@3+'3' >+ 3+ &+30,+&+, + ',7 &+ >,>3 + > 7+&%' $>'3'.

TCNICA

P'+, + ,%'3 />'3 &+ +3H' 0,+%7+/+ >7+,&'3 &%3/%/'3 /+%&'3 *73 ' 7+'3 +(7%37' 0+3' &+ $& /+%&'4.

A&%, 97( &+ @> '%@+& $& />' H '/, (' >+ 3>$+&+.

5/26/2018 NDICE

91/159

E0(%$, (' '$>,,%&' H ',&+, ('3 /+%&'3 3+@ 3> $/%%&&.

R+0+/%, +( 0,'$+3' /+,%', 0+,' )+,%, /+3 ('3 /+%&'3 &>,/+ &%+= 7%>/'3.

E'0(%$, ('3 ,+3>(/&'3 '/+%&'3.

RESULTADOS OBTENIDO:

C'@%7'3 9 />'3 &+ +3H' #. @,7'3 &+ : =)',% )5@&' 0%7%+/' )%$)>+(3+,&+3 H 0%' +3 &+$%, &%+,+/+3 /+%&'3.

C>&' &%7'3 0+,1%&' &+ )%&,1@+' *@> '%@+&4 '3+,7'3 >+++$/%7+/+ >,>+ /'&'3 >'3 7+'3 >+ '/,'3. E3/' 3+ &++ >+ /'&'3 +3'3/+%&'3 $'/%++ ( +=%7 $/(3 H ( &%,(+ @> '%@+& 3+ 0,'&>$+ ( ,+$$%1H $%/& /+,%',7+/+ '/+%&'3+ @> H '5@+' @3+'3' >+ +3 +( ,+30'3(+ &+( 0,%$%1 &+ +33 >,>3 &+%&' >+ 3+ &+30,+&+ &+ +3 7+,.

S+@ 3> $/%%&& ',&+,+7'3 ('3 /+%&'3 &+ >+3/,' +0+,%7+/' &+ 7H', 7+'3$/%%&&:

....c)5@&' =)',% 0%7%+/')%$)>+(3 +,&+3 0%'

64 ACTIVIDAD CATALTICA DE LA CATALASA:

FUNDAMENTO d TCNICA

E > />' &+ +3H' 3+ $'('$ > /,'=' &+ )5@&' *' #7( &+ +/,$/' &+ )5@&'4 H #7(&+ @> '%@+&. S+ $%+,, +( />' $' > /01 >+ 3+ &+ (@' ('' 0, +( +3$0+

&+ ('3 @3+3 0,'&>$%&'3 + ( ,+$$%1 + $>H' $+/,' +%3/ > ',%%$%' 0', +( $>( 3+0>+& %/,'&>$%, > /+,717+/,'. A35 )+7'3 )+$)' > $(',57+/,'.

S+ '/ ( /+70+,/>, 7%+/+ >+ 3+ /'7 $'7' /+70+,/>, %%$%( &+ ( ,+$$%1 H&+30>3 3+ '/&' (3 ,%$%'+3 &+ /+70+,/>, >+ 3+ 0,'&>$+ + +( %/+,%', &+($(',57+/,' $& /,+%/ 3+@>&'3 &>,/+ > 0+,5'&' &+ $%$' 7%>/'3. "$+, ( @,%$&+ ( ,+$$%1 H +0(%$, ('3 ,+3>(/&'3.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUVzaRGO34I/AAAAAAAAACI/PMv87Zggfpo/s1600/higado+y+agua+oxigenada.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUVzaRGO34I/AAAAAAAAACI/PMv87Zggfpo/s1600/higado+y+agua+oxigenada.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUVzaRGO34I/AAAAAAAAACI/PMv87Zggfpo/s1600/higado+y+agua+oxigenada.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_hK3rss-q9Rk/TUVzaRGO34I/AAAAAAAAACI/PMv87Zggfpo/s1600/higado+y+agua+oxigenada.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

92/159

*$/(34

5/26/2018 NDICE

93/159
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHHKVZVbeI/AAAAAAAAADQ/pS49ZTjp6tI/s1600/img043.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

94/159

INTRODUCCIN A LA PRCTICA:

D>,/+ ('3 0,'$+3'3 %'(1@%$'3 H +( $'3//+ %/+,$7%'$' +( 7+&%' 3+@++, +30+$%+3 >57%$3 $''$%&3 $'7' ,&%$(+3 (%,+3 3+$,$/+,%=0', 0,+3+/, > +(+$/,1 &+30,+&' H 0', 3+, 7>H ,+$/%3. L'3 ,&%$(+3,+3>(/ &+ @, %/+,3 (3 +30+$%+3 ,+$/%3 &+,%&3 &+( '%@+' *EROS4&+%&' (

+3/,>$/>, %,&%$(%$ &+ +3/ 7'($>(H ( @, >7+,' &+0,'$+3'3 >+ (3 @++, H+ ('3 >+ 0>+&+ +,3+ %'(>$,&3.

L'3 0,%$%0(+3 +,'3 3' %1 3>0+,'%&' *O

5/26/2018 NDICE

95/159

@,+3%'+3 '%&/+3 0>+&+&%,%@%,3+ )$% ( $,$%'@+3%3++,7+&&+3 %(7/',%3 3++$/>& $+(>(,H ++,7+&&+3 +>,'&+@++,/%3 +/,+'/,'3 0,'$+3' 0/'(1@%$'3.

E +( ',@%37' +%3/+ > 3%3/+7 &+ 0,'/+$$%1 /%'%&/+ ',7&' 0',+=%73 H$'70>+3/'3 &+ ' 0+3' 7'(+$>(,. U &+ (3 +=%73 >+%/+,%++ + (0,'/+$$%1 H + +( 7/+%7%+/' &+( ($+'%&/+/%'%&/+ +3 ( $/(3 *CAT4.

L $/(3 3+ +$>+/, + (3 $(>(3 &+ /+%&'3 %7(+3 H +@+/(+3.L>$%1 + ('3 /+%&'3 +3 +$+3,% 0', >+ &>,/+ +( 7+/'(%37' $+(>(, 3+',7 >7'($>( /'%$ >+ +3 +( PER-OIDO DE "IDROGENO" H + '%@+'.

L ,+$$%1 &+ ( $/(3 3',+ +( "+ > &+ (3 0,%7+,3 +=%73 0>,%%$&3 73 3>%$%+/+3 $' > +('$%&&&+ &'3>>%&&.

L 0,'/+5 +3 > /,/7%+/' ',7&' 0', $>/,' 3>>%&&+3 %&/%$3. C& 7'17+,'$'/%++ > @,>0' 0,'3//%$' "EMO + +( $+/,' $/%'. E(@>3+30+$%+3 /7% $'/%++ > 7'($>( &+ NADP 0', 3>>%&&$>H>$%1 +3 0,'/+@+, ( +=%7 &+ ( '%&$%1 0', 3> 3>3/,/' "

5/26/2018 NDICE

96/159

E3 > +=%7 /+/,7+/,%$ $' $>/,' 3>>%&&+3 %&/%$3 &+ ^D$'/%++ $>/,'@,>0'3 &+ +,,'0,'/'00',%,% 0', 7'($>( ' 0>+&+ 3+,3/>,& 0', "$'$+/,$%1 $/(%=&' 3> $'+,3%1 +@> H '%@+' 0, 0,'/+@+, ( $(>( &&+@> '%@+&. C' &&',+3 &+ " *7+/'( +/'( $%&' 1,7%$' +'(+34 0,+3+/$/%%&& 0+,'%&3.

E( "//%1 0+,'%&3. L $/(3 ' +3 +3+$%( 0,(@>'3 /%0'3 &+ $(>(3 + $'&%$%'+3 ',7(+3/%++ > %70',//+ 00+(+ (&>%3%$%1 &+ /'(+,$% ( +3/,3 '%&/% + ( ,+30>+3/ &0//% &+ (3 $(>(3.L$/(3 $0/>, +( @> '%@+&&+ >+ 0>+& +3$0, &+ ( $(>( H (' $'%+,/++ '%@+' 7'(+$>(,.

CONSIDERACIONES TERICAS

CATALASA

5/26/2018 NDICE

97/159

L $/(3 +3 > +=%7 >+ 3+ +$>+/, + ',@%37'3 %'3 H $/(%= (

&+3$'70'3%$%1 &+( 0+,1%&' &+ )%&,1@+' *" ,+3%&>' &+( 7+/'(%37'$+(>(, &+ 7>$)'3',@%37'3 %'3 0+,' && 3> /'%$%&& &++ /,3',7,3+,0%&7+/+ + $'70>+3/'3 7+'3 0+(%@,'3'3. P, +((' 3+ >3 $' ,+$>+$% +3/

+=%7 >+ $/(%= 3> &+3$'70'3%$%1 + @> H '5@+'. A&+73 ( $/(3 3+ >3+ ( %&>3/,% /+/%( 0, ( +(%7%$%1 &+( 0+,1%&' &+ )%&,1@+' 35 $'7'+7+', 7+&%& 3+ +70(+ + ( (%70%+= &+ (+/+3 &+ $'/$/' >+ 3+ ) +3/+,%(%=&'+ > 3'(>$%1 &+ 0+,1%&' &+ )%&,1@+'.

E( 7+$%37' $'70(+/' &+ ( $/(3 ' 3+ $''$+ > 35 ( ,+$$%1

>57%$ 3+ 0,'&>$+ + &'3 +/03:

"

5/26/2018 NDICE

98/159

>+ $/ $'7' $'$/',+3.

L +=%7 3+ 0,+3+/ + ',7 &+ )'7'/+/,7+,' H 3+ ('$(%= + ('3

0+,'%3'73.

E3/ +=%7 0>+&+ $/>, $'7' > 0+,'%&3 0, 7>$)3 3>3/$%3',@%$3+30+$%(7+/+ 0, +( +/'( >+ $/ $'7' &'/+ &+ )%&,1@+'.L3+=%73 &+ 7>$)'3 7%$,'',@%37'3 $'7' +( P+%$%((%>7 3%70(%$%33%7>7>+ +)%+$/%%&& &+ $/(3 H 0+,'%&3 3' ,+$>+/+7+/+ ((7&3$/(33-0+,'%&33

L &+%$%+$% + $/(3 0,'&>$+ $/(3%. E3/ ++,7+&& +3/$,$/+,%=& 0', (

>3+$% &+ $/%%&& &+ ( $/(3 + ('3 @(1>('3 ,''3 H3+ 3'$%$' (3 (+3%'+3 ',(+3 >($+,/+3.

L $/(3 +3 > +=%7 >+ 3+ +$>+/, + (3 $(>(3 &+ ('3 /+%&'3

%7(+3 H +@+/(+3.

L >$%1 &+ +3/ +=%7 + ('3 /+%&'3 +3 +$+3,% 0',>+ &>,/+ +(7+/'(%37'$+(>(, 3+ ',7 > 7'($>( /1%$ >+ +3 +( 0+,1%&' &+)%&,1@+' "'%@+&4.

E3/ +=%7 ( $/(3 (' &+3$'70'+ + @> H '5@+' 0', (' >+ 3+

3'(>$%' +( 0,'(+7.

L ,+$$%1 &+ ( $/(3 3',+ +( "&' 3+ +$) 3',+ > )+,%&.C'7'7>$)3 &+ (3 $/+,%3 0/1@+3 3' +,'%3 *' 0>+&+ %%, $''5@+'47>+,+ $' +( &+30,+&%7%+/' &+ '5@+' >+ 3+ 0,'&>$+ $>&'( $/(3&+ ('3 /+%&'3 $/ 3',+ +( @> '%@+&.

5/26/2018 NDICE

99/159

EFECTO DEL 0" SOBRE LA ACTIVIDAD EN2IMTICA

S%+&' >+ (3 +=%73 3' 0,'/+53 $>(>%+, $7%' ,>3$' &+ 0"0>+&+(/+,, +( $,$/+, %1%$' &+ ('3 @,>0'3 7%' H $,'%(' + (3>0+,%$%+0,'/+%$ +$/&' 35 (3 0,'0%+&&+3 $/(5/%$3 &+ > +=%7. A 0" (/''' 3+ 0>+&+ 0,'&>$%, ( &+3/>,(%=$%1 &+ ( +=%7 H + $'3+$>+$%3>%$/%$%1. L '3/3 $%& +3 73 $/% 0" 9 7%+/,3 >+ ('3/3($(% (' +3 0" 8. M>$)3 +=%73 /%++ 7%7 $/%%&&$+,$ &+ ( +>/,(%&&+ > ,@' &+ 0" &+ K.

E( 0" 0+, 3+ ' +$/ ( $/%%&& +=%7/%$ 3%' ( $'$+/,$%1 &+0,'/'+3. L'30,'/'+3 &+73 &+ (/+,, ( +3/,>$/>, &+ ( +=%7 H +(3>3/,/' 0>+&+ 0,/%$%0,/7% + ( ,+$$%1 $'7' 3>3/,/' ' 0,'&>$/'.E +3'3 $3'3 ($'$+/,$%1 &+ 0,'/'+3 +$/ &%,+$/7+/+ ( +('$%&&&+ ( ,+$$%1.

0" PTIMO: C/(3 ;

EFECTO DE LA TEMPERATURA:

U >7+/' + ( /+70+,/>, 0,''$ > >7+/' &+ ( +('$%&& &+ ,+$$%1)3/$%+,/ /+70+,/>, 10/%7 H >+ &+30>3 &+ 0,'%7&7+/+ 9 C3+ $'7%+= 0,'&>$%, ( &+3/>,(%=$%1 /,7%$. L3 +=%73 &+ 7>$)'3775+,'3 /%++ >/+70+,/>, 10/%7 &+ 6; C 0', +$%7 &+ +3/+70+,/>, $'7%+= %$/%,3+ H3+ &+3/,>H+ S% +7,@' +%3/++30+$%+3 &+ $/+,%3 H (@3 >+ )%/ + >+/+3 &+

5/26/2018 NDICE

100/159

@>3 /+,7(+3 H + +('/,' +/,+7'$%+,/3 $/+,%3 ,/%$3 /%++ /+70+,/>,3 10/%73 $+,$3 ZC.

PROCEDIMIENTO

#.- ',@%=, /'&'3 ('3 />'3 &+ +3H+ $' +( 7/+,%( >/%(%=&'

3 &+ @,+@,(' $' +( 00+( 0"

6.- '3+,, H '/, (' >+ '$>,,%1 /+3 &+ @,+@, +( 0+,1%&' &+ )%&,'@+'

7,$, ( ,+$$%1 0', '3+,$%1.

DISCUSIONES

C' ('3 ,+3>(/&'3 &+ ( /( H ('3 +0+,%7+/'3 ,+(%=&'3 '3 &%7'3 $>+/

>+ ( 0,+3+$% &+ ( $/(3 3'(' 3+ 0,+3+/ + ('3 /+%&'3 %7(+3 H

+@+/(+3 H >+ $>&' 3+ (+ @,+@ 0+,1%&' &+ )%&,'@+' ( 3( H +(

=$, ' ,+$$%',' H >+ +3/3 ' 3' 3+,+3 ' %'3.

5/26/2018 NDICE

101/159

E( 7'/%' &+ @,+@, "C( (3 7>+3/,3 >+ $' +( '+/%' &+&+3/>,(%=,(3('3 ,+3>(/&'3 >+,' 0'3%/%'3 H >+ ( @,+@,(+3 0+,1%&' &+)%&,'@+' ' )>' ++,+3$+$%.

E (3 7>+3/,3 $'$%&3 '/7'3 +( ++$/' &+ ( /+70+,/>, 3',+ (

&+3/>,(%=$%1 &+ ( $/(3 H >+ ( @,+@,(+ 0+,1%&' &+ )%&,1@+'

/70'$' )>' ++,+3$+$%.

CONCLUSIONES

E( $7%' &+ 0) 3% +$/ ( $/%%&& +=%7/%$ 0', >+ $>&' 3+ (+ @,+@' +( )$(&%37%>H+,' (3 ,+$$%'+3 $'(3 7>+3/,3 0', (' $'3%@>%+/+ $' +( 0+,'%&' &+)%&,'@+' H >+ +( )$( &+3/>,(%=' ( $/(3 >+ +3/ +3 > 0,'/+5.

/7% + +( $3' &+( =$, H ( 3( ' )>' ,+$$%1 H>+ +3/'3 3'

3+,+3 ' %'3 0', (' //' ' /%++ +=%73.

U ,+$$%1 0, +, ( 0,+3+$% &+ $/(3 + >+3/,' ',@%37' +3

C>&' 3>,%7'3 > $',/& H + +3+ 7'7+/' (+ @,+@7'3 @> '%@+&

7>$)3 0+,3'3 3'(' 3+ >+ +3 0, 7/, (3 $/+,%3 0+,' ' 0',

>+ )H ++,+3$+$% H +( 7'/%' +3 0', ( 0,+3+$% &+ $/(3 + >+3/,'3

/+%&'3.

CUESTIONES TERICAS:

#. < "('3 &+ ,+3+,.A( &%, @>'%@+& +,+7'3 > ,+$$%1 + ( >+ 3+ (%+, '5@+' $'3+$>+$% &+ (,+$$%' 0,'&>$%& 0', ( +=%7.

5/26/2018 NDICE

102/159

. E( $(', +3 > @+/+ &+3/>,(%=/+>+ (' >+ )$+ +3 %$/%, ( +=%70', ('//' ' 3+ ((+ $' ( ,+$$%1 H ' 3+ 0,'&>$+ '5@+'.

9. E( 0" +3 '/,' @+/+ &+3/>,(%=/+H (' >+ )$+ +3 %$/%, /7% (+$%7)$%+&' >+ 3+ &+3/>,(%$+ H ' 3+ 0,'&>=$ ,+$$%1 (@>.

. L $/3 /, > 0" H > /+70+,/>, &+/+,7%&03&'3 +3/'3 >7,(+3 (+$%7 0+,&%+&' 3> 7%7 $/%%&&%$(>3' 3',+03&'3 ('3 >7,(+3((+@ &+3/>,(%=,3+.

5/26/2018 NDICE

103/159
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHHWx-ntQI/AAAAAAAAADY/pgVpGK1Jnzg/s1600/img045.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

104/159

OBJETIVO: ETRAER Y TERiIR UNA MUESTRA DE ADN

RESUMEN

E( 0,'$+3' &+ +/,$$%1 &+( ADN @+'17%$' 3%@>+ $%+,/3 0>/3 0, 3> $',,+$/0>,%%$$%1 >+ 3' 7>H &%+,+/+3 ('3 +70(+&'3 + ( 0>,%%$$%1 &+ 0,'/+53 ('>+ ,+(+ (3 &%+,+$%3 3%$3 + ( +3/,>$/>, &+ +3/'3 &'3 /%0'3 &+ 7$,'7'($>(3.E( 0,%7+, 03' + ( 0>,%%$$%1 &+( ADN 0', (' @++,( $'3%3/+ + )'7'@++%=, (3$(>(3 H 53( ('3 $(+'3 &+ ('3 $>(+3 3+ +/,+ +( ADN. E( 7+&%' &+ +/,$$%1',&%,%' $'/%++ > &+/+,@+/+ *SDS4Q $'/%>$%'+3 (+ @,+@ 3'(>$%1 &+ /+ 0,,+3>30+&+, +( ADN (>+@' ('3 $%&'3 >$(+%$'3 3+ 0,+$%0%/ &%+&' +/'( .P,$'$(>%, +( (%3%3 &+ ( +/,$$%1 &+( ADN )H >+ ,+3(/, >+ + +3/+ 0,'$+3' '$>,,+
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHHX6jnG8I/AAAAAAAAADc/fZyLpsIZwho/s1600/img046.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

105/159

> (%3%3 $+(>(, (' $>( 3%@%%$ >+ +( ADN >+& (%,+ 0', $'3%@>%+/+ )H >+0,'/+@+,(' &+ (3 +=%73 0',>+ +3/3 0'&,5 &+@,&,(' .

INTRODUCCION

E( $%&' &+3'%,%'>$(+%$' ' ADN *DNA4 +3 ( 7'($>( >+ @>,& +( $1&%@' @+/%$' &+/'&3 (3 $(>(3. S% %70',/, >+ +( ',@%37' 3+ 7>(/%$+(>(, ' >%$+(>(, +>$,%'/ '

0,'$,%'/ /'&'3 /%++ +( DNA $'7' +)5$>(' &+ 3> $1&%@' @+/%$'.

D>,/+ +( (',/',%' &+ )'H +3/,+7'3 >/%(%=&' > 7/'&' ,0%&' 0, %3(, DNA 0,/%, &+ /+%&'3 %7(+3. E3/+ 3+ ((7 jDN+3H T%33>+ ^%/j H +3 0,'&>$%&' 0', !IAGEN.E3/+ >3 /+$'('@5 =& &+ 7+7,3 &+ 3%(%$/' 0, 0>,%%$, ,0%&7+/+ DNA$+(>(, /'/( 3% >3, +/,$$%'+3 ',@%$3 % 0,+$%0%/$%1 $' +/'(.

E( 0,%7+, 03' + ( 0>,%%$$%1 &+( DNA $'3%3/+ + )'7'@++%=, (3 $(>(3 H &%3/,('3 $(+'3 &+ ('3 $>(+3 3+ +/,+ +( DNA. E( 7+&%' &+ +/,$$%1 &+ ',&%,%' $'/%++> &+/+,@+/+ $'7' +( SDS >+ 3%,+ 0, (%3, ('3 $(+'3 H (%+,, +( DNA )+$)' >+>7+/ '/(+7+/+ ( %3$'3%&& &+ ( 3'(>$%1. E( &+/+,@+/+ %)%+ /7%

$>(>%+, $/%%&& >$(+3 + ( 0,+0,$%1.

E( '+/%' &+ ('3 03'3 &+ 0>,%%$$%1 +3 3+0,, +( DNA &+ 7/+,%(+3 $'/7%/+3$'7' RNA H 0,'/+53.

L &+30,'/+%%=$%1 3+ ('@, + @++,( @%/&' ( 7+=$( $' > '(>7+ &+ +'(. E(+'( *' (/+,/%7+/+ $(','',7'4 +3 > &+3/>,(%=&', $/%' &+ 0,'/+53 >+3>0,%7+ ( 3'(>%(%&& &+ (3 0,'/+53 + ( 0,+0,$%1 H (3 0,+$%0%/. P>+3/' >+ +(

5/26/2018 NDICE

106/159

+'( H ( 3'(>$%1 3(% 7',/%@>&', ' 3+ 7+=$( 3'(' 3+ ,+>%+,+ $+/,%>@, (3>30+3%1 0, 3+0,, (3 3+3 0+,7+$%+&' +( DNA *H +( RNA4 + ( 3'(>$%1&+/,' &+ ( 3+ $>'3 &+ ,,% H ( 0,'/+5 0,+3+/+ $'7' > 0,+$%0%/&'$'$+/,&' + ( %/+,3+. L 3+ $>'3 3+ ,+/%, &+( />' H 3+ 3'7+/+ $%$('3,+0+/%&'3 &+ @%/$%1 $' +'( H $+/,%>@$%1 )3/ @'/, /'& ( 0,'/+5 &+ (

3'(>$%1. A&%+&' +/'( ,5'. E( +/'( ,5' ',7 > $0 ,,% &+ ( 3'(>$%1 $>'3&+( DNA +( $>( 3+ +,'(( 3',+ > ,%(( &+ %&,%' $'',7+ 3(+ &+ ( 3'(>$%1. E (%/+,3+ +( RNA 3(+ &+ ( 3'(>$%1 3(%.

E $'/,3/+ +( RNA 3(+ &+ ( 3'(>$%1 $'7' 0,+$%0%/&'3 >+ 3+ 3%+/ + +( '&' &+(3'. L>+@' &+ +3/+ 0,%7+, 03' &+ 0>,%%$$%1 3+ &%3>+(+ +( DNA H 3+ /,/ $',%'>$(+3 7+&%/+ /,/7%+/' $' > 0,'/+3. E3+@>%& 3+ >%/ ( 0,'/+3 0',&+30,'/+%%=$%1 $' +'( H 3+ >+(+ 0,+$%0%/, +( DNA.

P'3/+,%',7+/+ (3 3+3 3+@>%,:

#4 /,%/>,, +( )%@&'

7' &+ 0%4+,/+, ($')'(94+/,+, ADN4/+%, > 7>+3/, &+ =>( &+ 7+/%(+' H '3+,,( + +( 7%$,'3$'0%'.

5/26/2018 NDICE

107/159
http://html.rincondelvago.com/000630080.png

5/26/2018 NDICE

108/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

109/159

CUESTIONES:

#-E( &+/+,@+/+ 3+ +$,@ &+ ,'70+, ( 0,+& $+(>(, H ( 7+7, $+(>(, 0, >+ +(>$(+' $+(>(, (%+,+ +( ADN

+=%7 >+ )%&,'(%= H &+3$'70'+ (3 +=%73 &+( )%@&' $' +( %&+ )'7'@++%=, ( $(>(.

6-P>+3 +3 > $'(',/+ ' > 0%@7+/'( %@>( >+ 0'&%7'3 )+, >3&' ,&' &+%&,% >+ 3+ % + ('3 +($+3 >$(+'/5&%$'3

- E( $%&' &+3'%,,%'>$(+%$' ,+$>+/+7+/+ ,+%&' $'7' ADN *H /7% DNA &+(%@(3 &+'H,%'>$(+%$ $%&4 +3 > /%0' &+ $%&' >$(+%$' > 7$,'7'($>(>+ ',70,/+ &+ /'&3 (3$(>(3. C'/%++ ( %',7$%1@+/%$>3& + +( &+3,,'(('H +(>$%'7%+/' &+ ('3 ',@%37'3 %'3$''$%&'3 H &+ (@>'3 %,>3 H +3 ,+30'3(+&+ 3> /,37%3%1 )+,+&%/,%.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_nucleicohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromol%C3%A9culahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lulahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lulahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%A9ticahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%A9ticahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%A9ticahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa_del_desarrollohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herencia_gen%C3%A9ticahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herencia_gen%C3%A9ticahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81cido_nucleicohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromol%C3%A9culahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9lulahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%A9ticahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa_del_desarrollohttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidahttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virushttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herencia_gen%C3%A9tica

5/26/2018 NDICE

110/159

k )H >+ ,+(%=,( + +30+,l
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_e1Sil5EiyUU/TUHHaFEVcgI/AAAAAAAAADg/_A18v7beekw/s1600/img047.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

111/159

SEPARACIN DE PIGMENTOS VEGETALES MEDIANTE CROMATOGRAFIA ENPAPEL:*0+&%+/+4
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iMwKHMAPkos/TbR_zWX4VkI/AAAAAAAAAEc/xjO1PuuZP0M/s1600/img050.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

112/159

FUNDAMENTO TERICO:

L'3 $(','0(3/'3 &++ 3> $'(', +,&+ > 0%@7+/' &+'7%&'

$(','%(. S% +7,@' (' >+ + ,+(%&& +%3/+ + ('3 $(','0(3/'3 +3

> 7+=$( &+ 0%@7+/'3 ,+0,+3+/&'3 0,%$%0(7+/+ 0', &'3 /%0'3 &+

$(','%( *$(','%( H $(','%( 4 0', m $,'/+' H 0', /'%(.

T'&3 +3/3 3>3/$%3 0,+3+/ > @,&' &%+,+/+ &+ 3'(>%(%&& ('

$>( 0+,7%/+ 3> 3+0,$%1 $>&' > 3'(>$%1 &+ ( 7%37 3$%+&+ 0',

$0%(,%&& 0', > /%, &+ 00+( 0','3' *00+( &+ %(/,'4 H >+ (3 73

3'(>(+3 3+ &+30(=, 7H', +('$%&& 0>+3 $'70, $%(7+/+

( &%3'(+/+ 7+&%& >+ 3/+ 3$+&%+&'. D+ +3/ ',7 ( $'
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ei4zNhFcBhc/TbR_0zx3vSI/AAAAAAAAAEg/N_nxjaZPGtU/s1600/img051.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

113/159

&+ $%+,/' /%+70' (' (,@' &+( 00+( &+ %(/,' 3+ %, 3%/>&' ('3 &%3/%/'3

0%@7+/'3 + ',7 &+ &3 $'(',+&3 //' 73 &+30(=&3 $>/'

73 3'(>(+3 3+ ('3 0%@7+/'3 >+ 0+,/++$+ H //' 73 $)3

$>/' 7H', 3+ ( >&$% &+ +3/'3 + ( 7+=$(.

#-
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6krHXEakWIM/TbSBhkHKWQI/AAAAAAAAAEo/XCyEnUwZlvQ/s1600/yy.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

114/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

115/159

L 0,+0,$%1 0,+3+/ +( 30+$/' &+ > &%30+,3%1 &+ $(>(3 0', /'&' +( $70' >+,$ +( 7%$,'3$'0%'.S+ '3+,, $(>(3 + &%+,33 3+3' +3/&'3 &+ &%%3%1$+(>(,.C' +3/ /$%$ &+ /%$%1 3+ + ('3 $,'7'3'73 %70,+@&'3 0', ( ',$+5 &+$'(', 7',&'.E( 30+$/' ,+/%$>(&' 35 $'7' +( 7H', /7' &+ (@>'3
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-EPlREllWuMc/TbR_56vTHOI/AAAAAAAAAEk/ZGP5AL4Hz0o/s1600/img053.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

116/159

$(+'3$',,+30'&+ (3 $(>(3 >+ 3+ +$'/, + ('3 0,'$+3'3 %%$%(+3 &+ (&%%3%1 7%/1/%$.

5/26/2018 NDICE

117/159

EN EL MICROSCOPIO: S+ >/%(%=, 0,%7+,' ('3 >7+/'3 &%(+3 $' +( % &+ $+/,, (0,+0,$%1 H &+/+,7%, ( =' 7+', 0, ( %3>(%=$%1. C7%, &+30>3 >>7+/' 7H',.

BIBLIOGRAFA:

A>5 &+' > 3+,%+ &+ >+/+3 &+ %',7$%1 >+ 3%,+ $'7' 3+ 0, +,%@>, +(>&7+/' &+ >+3/,'3 +0+,%7+/'3 H )$+, +( $>&+,':
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UCQ1P2a-KkI/Tde84hd7-OI/AAAAAAAAAFk/z6ui2nCXV9g/s1600/1.jpghttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uti7KMPZwNA/Tde8knG2hxI/AAAAAAAAAFg/OsEfbdVU2-c/s1600/IMG01751-20101025-1141.jpg

5/26/2018 NDICE

118/159

-E$%$('0+&% &+ ( $%+$%. E&.3(/

-B%'('@5 +/+3 %,/>(+3 *I/+,+/4 k+/,+ +((3l

C%+$%.+/

P@$%+$%.>%7%$.>(0

(%'.(%@''.$'7

A>(

5/26/2018 NDICE

119/159

5/26/2018 NDICE

120/159

NDICE

o UN PO!UITO DE "ISTORIA

o INTRODUCCIN

o CLASIFICACIN TAONMICA

o DNDE SE ENCUENTRA?

o CMO IDENTIFICARLO?

o CARACTERES SEUALES-REPRODUCCIN

o ECOLOGA Y FUNCIN DE LA ESPECIE

o CRITERIO DE ELECCN

UN PO!UITO DE "ISTORIA:

5/26/2018 NDICE

121/159

E ( E&& M+&% +, $'7 >+7, %$%+3' H ++,' 0, )>H+/, ('3 j7('3+305,%/>3j. S+ >31 + $3'3 &+ 0+3/+3 H 0, 0>,%%$, +( %,+.

E( 0,'+/ E(53 &+3$31 ' +( ++,' 0', /( 7'/%' >+ $'3%&+,&' ,'( 3@,&'. S+0+3 >+ /+5 0,'0%+&&+3 0, ($=, ( 0= %/+,%',.

P', '/, 0',/+ +( ($')'( '/+%&' 0', +,7+/$%1 $' $+,+(+3 $'7' +( 75= $+/+'+/$. H &+3/%(&' $' @(>('3 &+ ++,' +3 ( 3+ &+ ( ,%$$%1 &+ ( @%+,.

E E>,'0 0, $'&%7+/, $'(+3 +,7+/&3 *$)>$,>/4 7'+3 $'3+,3 &+ (5 H$+,&' 3+ >3 ('3 @(>('3 &+ +3/ 0(/.

ESPECIE PROTEGIDA:

E P+(%@,' &+ E/%$%1 3+@ ( (+H K H F(', S%(+3/,+3.

E%3/+ 7>$)3 ,%+&&+3 &+/,' &+ 3> $(3%%$$%1. J>%0+,>3 7$,'$,0

A,>3/' 3%@>(, &+ (3 $'3/3 &(>=3&>3,+(+3 7,%/%7'3 >>+ /7% +$/%(&'3 H ,'>+&'3.

G++,(7+/+ 7%&+ 67 &+ (/>,.*)3/ 974

E ( 7+&%$% 0'0>(, 3+ >/%(%= (3 H3 $'7' +3/%7>(/+ @3/,%$'. D+ )5 %++ +(0,+0,, %'3 (%$',+3 H @>,&%+/+3

Documents

ÍNDICE