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INDONESIA
DAN
DIPLOMASI EKONOMI
Leonard F. Hutabarat, Ph.D.
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OVERVIEW
INDONESIAN FOREIGN POLICY
Independent and active
Dynamic Equilibrium
Foreign policy Stakeholders
Foreign policy commitments
Economic Diplomacy
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Geopolitics :
A method of foreign policy analysis which seeks to
understand,
explain and predict international political behavior primarily
in
terms of geographical variables, such as location, size,
climate,
topography, demography, natural resources and technological
development and potential
( Evans and Newnham, 1998 )
Basic Concept
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Indonesian Foreign Policy :
Foreign Policy is the policy, attitude, and steps taken by the
Government of the Republic of Indonesia in pursuance of relations
with other states, international organizations, and other
international legal subjects in the context of dealing with
international issues in order to attain the national objectives. (
Law No. 37 / 1999 on Foreign Relations )
Indonesian National Objectives :
to protect all the people of Indonesia and their entire native
land;
to improve the public welfare;
to advance the intellectual life of the people; and
to contribute to the establishment of a world order based on
freedom, abiding peace and social justice
( Preamble of the 1945 Constitution )
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WORLD MAP
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WORLD POPULATION
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Source: Sindo, BPS, IMF
Economic state of affairs: world income per capita
File P3K2 Aspasaf BPPK
East Asia
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Geopolitical Shift
Rank Country GDP (PPP) $M
1 United States 14,264,600
2 7,916,429 1
3 Japan 4,354,368
4 India 3,288,345
5 Germany 2,910,490
6 Russia 2,260,907
7 United Kingdom 2,230,549
8 France 2,130,383
9 Brazil 1,981,207
10 Italy 1,814,557
11 Mexico 1,548,007
12 Spain 1,396,881
13 South Korea 1,342,338
14 Canada 1,303,234
15 Turkey 915,184
16 Indonesia 908,242
17 Iran 819,799
18 Australia 795,305
19 Republic of China (Taiwan) 711,418
20 Netherlands 675,375
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)
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Economic Integration and Energy Security
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World largest economies : 4 out of 20 located in Asia
Pacific
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1994 2000 2007
Tahun
Australia
Canada
Japan
Russia
United States
Brunei Darussalam
Chile
China
Hong Kong SAR
Indonesia
Korea
Malaysia
Mexico
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan Province of China
Thailand
Vietnam
Index of GDP Growth : APEC's Economies
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Indonesia's Main Trading Partner
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The largest layer in Asia Pacific regional architecture.
9 APEC economies are members of G-20, thus APEC has global
relevance.
De facto : Asia Pacific economy has been integrated under
APEC?
APEC
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MoU Bilateral dan Kemitraan
Strategis ASEAN Economic Community 2015
Ekspor Negara Non-Tradisional
Potensi UMKM Indonesia
Ekspor melalui Peluang Kerja Sama Teknis
Persepsi Positif Investasi di Indonesia
Kesiapan Proyek Investasi
Market Size dan Kebangkitan
Kelas Menengah
Potensi SDM dan Tenaga
Kerja
Stabilitas Politik
POTENSI EKSPOR DAN INVESTASI
INDONESIA
Potensi pasar 600 juta jiwa
Di luar Amerika Utara, Eropa Barat, dan Asia Timur Potensi pasar
yang besar
Tren ekspor meningkat Bahan baku lokal dan
penyerapan tenaga kerja
Indonesia bukan lagi negara recipient, tapi sudah menjadi negara
donor Pintu masuk produk Indonesia
Investment grade FDI Confidence
Index
Pembuatan daftar proyek Public Private Partnership (PPP)
240 juta penduduk >50% PDB konsumsi domestik 2014, kelas
menengah 150 juta
jiwa
Angkatan kerja 119.4 juta jiwa Relatively cheap labor
Transisi reformasi damai Iklim demokrasi
12 kemitraan strategis Ratusan MoU
bilateral
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PASAR NON-TRADISIONAL INDONESIA
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South Asia
(3,76%) Africa
North America (excl. US & Canada)
Middle East
(3,01%)
(0,38%)
Central America & Carribean
(0,22%)
(1,77%)
South America
Ekspor non migas Indonesia ke pasar non tradisional tahun 2011
didominasi ke kawasan Afrika sebesar US$ 6,01 milyar (3,76%),
Middle East mencapai US$ 4,88 milyar (3,01%), South Asia sejumlah
US$ 3,06 milyar (1,89%), Eastern Europe tercatat US$ 2,98 milyar
(1,84%) dan South America senilai US$ 2,87 milyar (1,77%).
Share ekspor yang masih relatif kecil dipasar tradisional,
sesungguhnya sebagai bahwa pasar tersebut belum diberdayakan secara
maksimal dan masih memberikan banyak peluang dan menyimpan berbagai
kesempatan yang harus dioptimalkan dengan berbagai program promosi
dan penetrasi.
Sumber: BPS, Mei 2012 diolah Kemendag
(1,84%)
Eastern Europe
(0,31%)
Oceania (excl. Australia)
(1,89%)
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Indonesia Foreign Policy
Managing Geopolitical Shift through Economic Diplomacy
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Indonesia Foreign Policy Mainstreaming Economic Diplomacy
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Leonard F. Hutabarat, Ph.D.
E-mail : [email protected]
