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Era Pre-Industri 1990 2015 2018Konsentrasi CO2 180 353 399 407
pp
mv
Sumber : J.G.J. Olivier, K.M. Schure and J.A.H.W. Peters, 2018
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China UnitedStates
EuropeanUnion
India RussianFederation
GtC
O2
eq
Energi 68% Pertanian 11%
Industri 7% Lainnya* 14%
Sumber : IEA, 2016
Indikator Hutan Tropis Kebun Sawit
Asimilasi kotor (ton CO2/ha/tahun) 163.5 161.0
Total respirasi (ton CO2/ha/tahun) 121.1 96.5
Asimilasi neto (ton CO2/ha/tahun) 42.4 64.5
Produksi oksigen/O2 (ton O2/ha/tahun) 7.09 18.70
Indeks luas daun 7.3 5.6
Efisiensi fotosintesis (%) 1.73 3.18
Efisiensi konversi radiasi (g/mj) 0.86 1.68
Total biomas di area (ton/ha) 431 100
Incremental biomas (ton/ha/tahun) 5.8 8.3
Produktivitas bahan kering (ton/ha/tahun) 25.7 36.5
Sumber: Henson (1999)
Produksi Minyak Sawit 55 juta ton
Potensi Biomas Sawit (BK) 268 juta ton per tahun
Potensi Biolistrik dari Tandan Kosong 1173 MW
Potensi Biogas dari POME 5.7 Milyar M3 atau 931 MW biolistrik
Sumber : data diolah PASPI
Sumber : USDA 2021
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
juta
MT
Indonesia Malaysia Row
15%
55%
30%
1980 58% 26%
16%
2020
Indonesia raja minyak sawit dunia
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5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
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45.0
50.0
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14.0
16.0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2018
Juta
To
n C
PO
juta
hek
tar
Rakyat Negara Swasta Produksi CPO
Sumber : Statistik Kelapa Sawit
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
juta
hek
tar
Sumber : Statistik Kelapa Sawit
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1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Series1 3.81 3.61 3.58 4.04 3.97 4.50 4.23 4.80 5.19 5.24 4.58 4.04
Juta
to
n
Sumber : GAPKI
Tahun 2020
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1,000
1,050
1,100
1,150
Jan
-15
Ap
r
Jul
Oct
Jan
-16
Ap
r
Jul
Oct
Jan
-17
Ap
r
Jul
Oct
Jan
-18
Ap
r
Jul
Oct
Jan
-19
Ap
r
Jul
Oct
Jan
-20
Ap
r
Jul
Oct
USD
/MT
Palm Oil Soybean Oil Rapeseed Oil Sunflower Oil
Sumber : World Bank
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
Palm Oil Rapeseed Sunflower Soybean
4.30
0.70 0.52 0.45
ton
/ha
Sumber : Oil World
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
1,104
1,300
3,000
2,400 2,300
900
1,300
3,000
1,300
Evap
otr
ansp
iras
i (m
m/t
ahu
n)
Kebutuhan Air Kelapa Sawit Lebih Rendah dari Tanaman Hutan
Sumber : Coster, C. 1938. Superficial Run-off and Erosion In Java. Tevtona 31 : 613-728 Sumber : Sumber : Mekonnen M. M and A.Y. Hoekstra (2010)
Perbandingan Kebutuhan Air Tanaman
61,205
19,928
13,747
4,028 3,366 2,926 2,687 2,270 2,144 1,674 1,097
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20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
m3
/to
n
INDIKATOR Palm Oil (PO) Soybean Oil (SBO) Rapeseed Oil (RSO)
Emissions to soil/water:
Residu Nitrogen (Kg/ton minyak nabati) 5 32 10
Residu Phosphate (Kg/ton minyak nabati) 2 23 13
Residu Pesticides/herbicides (Kg/ton minyak nabati) 0.4 23 9
Sumber : FAO (2013) Biofuels And The Sustainability Challange
Penyerapan neto CO2
Kelapa Sawit 64.5 ton CO2/ha/tahun
Soybean 6.3 ton CO2/ha/tahun
Rapeseed 11 ton CO2/ha/ tahun
Sunflower 8 ton CO2/ha/tahun
Produksi Oksigen
Kelapa Sawit 18.7 ton O2/Ha/tahun
Soybean 2 ton O2/Ha/tahun
Rapeseed 3 ton O2/Ha/tahun
Sunflower 3 ton O2/ Ha/tahun
UNGGUL - 8
Perkembangan sertifikasi ISPO di Indonesia
Sumber : sekretariat ISPO Sumber : RSPO
Negara Produsen Minyak Sawit Berkelanjutan Tersertifikasi
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2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Luas (hektar) CPO (ton)Brazil (0.8%)
Costa Rica (1.2%)
Combodia (0.4%)
Colombia (1.9)
Ecuador (0.2%)
Gabon (0.6%)
Ghana (0.4%)
Guatemala (1.9%)
Honduras (1.0%)
Indonesia (55.9%)Cote d'lvoire (0.4%)
Madagascar (0.0%)
Malaysia (29.8%)
Papua New Guinea (5.0%)
Soloman Island (0.3%)
Thailand (0.2%)
Nigeria (0.1%)
UNGGUL - 9
45 40
58 62
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80
90
100
Rapeseed Biodiesel Soybean Biodiesel Sunflower Biodiesel Palm Oil Biodiesel(methane capture)
Waste CookingOil/Vegetable Oil
88
Sumber : European Commission Joint Research Centre
Mengganti solar fosil dengan biodiesel sawit menurunkan Emisi 62%
Dampak Nilai
Deforestasi Dunia Naik (Juta Ha) 17.7
Polusi Nitrogen Tanah/ Air Dunia Naik (Ribu Ton) 216.0
Polusi Posfor Tanah/ Air Dunia Naik (Ribu Ton) 168.0
Polusi Pestisida Tanah/ Air Dunia Naik (Ribu Ton) 180.8
Sumber : Data Dasar FAO; Oil World
UNGGUL - 10 Biofuel Sawit Kurangi Deforestasi dan Polutan Dunia
Dampak Deforestasi dan Polutan Dunia Jika EU Tidak Menggunakan Sawit
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Produksi 1.81 2.22 2.81 3.96 1.65 3.66 3.42 6.17 8.40 8.59
Konsumsi 0.36 0.67 1.05 1.84 0.92 3.01 2.57 3.75 6.39 8.43
Ekspor 1.45 1.55 1.76 1.63 0.33 0.48 0.19 1.80 1.32 0.03
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Juta
KL
PERKEMBANGAN BIODIESEL INDONESIA
Sumber : APROBI
Sumber : statista.com
INDONESIA RAJA BIODIESEL DUNIA
0.0
1.0
2.0
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5.0
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8.0
Indonesia US Brazil Germany FranceSeries1 7.90 6.50 5.90 3.80 3.00
mili
ar li
ter
Urban
Poverty
(-)
Economic
Growth
(+)
Rural
Poverty
(-)
National
Poverty
(-)
Harga CPO
Domestik
(+)
Industri
Growth
(+)
Konsumsi
CPO (+)
Produksi
CPO (+)
Unem
ployment
(-)
BIODIESEL GROWTH
DAMPAK PENINGKATAN BIODIESEL INDONESIA
Susila dan Munadi, 2008
Singagerda, et. al 2018
PASPI, 2019
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10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
per
sen
000
KL
Konsumsi Diesel Fosil
Konsumsi Biodiesel
Persentase ketergantungan impor Diesel fosil
Sumber : Kementerian ESDM, diolah
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
USD
Mili
ar
Sumber : Sipayung 2018, Kementerian ESDM, 2021, Tjakrawan , 2021
Sumber : BPS, data diolah
Bulan Net Ekspor Migas
Tanpa B-30 Dengan B-30
Jan (1,654) (1,171)
Feb (1,310) (943)
Mar (1,242) (953)
Apr (482) (290)
Mei (279) (97)
Jun (303) (108)
Jul (543) (279)
Agu (645) (351)
Sep (773) (505)
Okt (713) (465)
Nov (568) (323)
Des (717) (463)
Jumlah (9,228) (5,548)
Juta USD'
45 40
58 62
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
RapeseedBiodiesel
SoybeanBiodiesel
SunflowerBiodiesel
Palm OilBiodiesel(methanecapture)
Waste CookingOil/Vegetable
Oil
88
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Per
sen
Pen
ghem
atan
Em
isi
Hasil Riset Internasional : Penghematan Emisi Biodiesel Sawit
Mengganti solar fosil dengan biodiesel sawit menurunkan Emisi 62%
Sumber : European Commission Joint Research Centre
-
5,000.00
10,000.00
15,000.00
20,000.00
25,000.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Pemanfaatan Biodiesel 592.28 952.81 1,776.50 2,782.91 4,898.42 2,430.96 7,988.86 6,828.68 9,958.12 16,985.33 22,307.10
Pen
ghem
atan
em
isi
(rib
u t
on
CO
2eq
)
Sumber : Kementerian ESDM, diolah
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Gasoline Impor 10,414 12,712 15,603 17,870 18,668 19,512 18,571 16,802 17,615 18,801 19,188
Diesel Impor 8,513 10,644 13,573 12,455 11,953 11,482 7,048 4,892 6,941 6,546 3,900
Avtur Impor 172 577 816 708 948 981 1,153 1,119 1,786 1,518 280
Konsumsi Gasoline 21,366 23,175 25,687 28,427 29,632 30,040 30,691 31,986 33,175 34,170 35,330
Konsumsi Diesel 21,366 23,175 33,458 34,222 34,071 32,706 29,211 27,494 29,263 30,994 29,233
Konsumsi Avtur 2,761 3,527 3,562 3,899 4,159 4,229 4,229 4,875 5,371 5,718 5,030
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
000
kl
Sumber : Kementerian ESDM RI
POTENSI GREEN/BIO FUEL SAWIT
CPO / PKO (Crude Palm Oil/Palm Kernel
Oil)
IPO (Industrial Palm Oil)
IPKO (Industrial Palm Kernel Oil)
Biodiesel/ FAME
Bensin Nabati
RON > 110
Diesel Nabati
CN > 80
Avtur Nabati
TB < 65C HDO + ISO
Transesterifikasi
Green LPG Perkebunan Kelapa
Sawit