Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communication Research Laboratories 工業技術研究院電腦與通訊工業研究所 1 Mobile Internet Service 鄭仁傑網際網路軟體技術組

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Industrial Technology Research InstituteComputer & Communication Research Laboratories

工業技術研究院電腦與通訊工業研究所

Mobile Internet Service

鄭仁傑網際網路軟體技術組 (W000)

中華民國八十九年三月二十二日

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AgendaWhat is Mobile Internet Service?Wireless Application Protocol

Technical Overview WAP 產品發展現況CCL/ITRI Mobile Internet ProjectMobile CommerceMobile Internet Technology Outlook

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WAP-Enable Device Application Gateway目標

Ubiquitous Networks

Internet Service

Wireless Application ProtocolWAP Protocol，Wireless Transport Layer

SecurityMobile Internet Multimedia Application

Environment

Mobile InternetMobile Internet

Strategis Group統計行動數據應用的項目比率最高為訊息 /電子郵件 (27%)，依序為個人資料處理 (15%)及上網 (14%)上網方式統計， 1999年透過行動通訊器材上網之比率為 16%，預估至2005年將成長至 41%

多元化的網路型態，頻寬大且無所不在

資訊流為中心的行動運算互連網路應用服務

Mobile/Wireless Information Computing

建立Mobile Internet Service所需的應用平台設計技術

WAP Protocol 、Micro-Browser*Personalize Information ServiceOn-Line Multimedia Information ServiceMobile Commerce

我國網路家電產業產值將由 1999年的 2.35億美元成長至 2002年的 13.94億美元，年複合成長率達 81%

1999年我國智慧型掌上裝置產量 22萬台 (全球產量 4,036萬台)，產值約為 5,500萬美元，全球市場占有率為 5.45%

Internet Appliance

WAP Gateway / Proxy Server*Mobile AgentPush Service

*已進行的項目

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Mobile Internet Service Overview

Mobility Service

Internet

線上資訊服務

金融資訊商務個人資訊服務

2G & 3G

WAP Enable Device

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Wireless Application Protocols(I) What is WAP?

The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly

Which wireless networks does WAP work with? WAP is designed to work with most wireless networks such as

CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex.

What operating systems are compatible with WAP? WAP is a communications protocol and application environment.

It can be built on any operating system including PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, JavaOS etc. It provides service

interoperability even between different device families.

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Wireless Application Protocols(II) WAP 論壇主要由

ERICSSON ， MOTOROLA ， NOKIA ， UNWIRED PLANET等四家廠商，針對未來無線網路的加值服務（ Value-added Service ）所共同成立的一個業界聯盟，其目標有四：

希望在手機及其他無線終端設備上建立擷取 Internet內容（ Content）及數據服務的能力

訂定一組適用所有無線網路技術的標準協定開發可運用於所有無線網路及其終端設備的 Internet內容和應用

利用既有的標準及技術來發展WAP

Introduction and Overview

WAP Architecture WAP Architecture

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Web Server

Content

CGIScripts

etc.

WM

L D

ecks

wit

h W

ML

-Scr

ipt

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP

The WAP Architecture

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Internet

Comparison between Internet and WAP Technologies

HTMLJavaScript

HTTP

TLS - SSL

TCP/IPUDP/IP

Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE)

Session Layer (WSP)

Security Layer (WTLS)

Transport Layer (WDP)

Other Services andApplications

Transaction Layer (WTP)

SMS USSD CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC-P Etc..

Bearers:

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WAP specifies…

Wireless Application Environment WML Microbrowser WMLScript Virtual Machine WMLScript Standard Library Wireless Telephony Application Interface WAP Content Types

Wireless Protocols Wireless Session Protocol (WSP) Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP) Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP) Wireless network interface definitions

WAP Application Environment WAP Application Environment

WML and WMLScript

Wireless Telephony Architecture

Content Formats

Push

User Agent Profile

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WAE GoalsNetwork-neutral application environment;For narrow-band wireless devices;With an Internet/WWW programming

model;And a high degree of interoperability.

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WAE RequirementsLeverage WSP and WTPLeverage Internet standard technologyDevice IndependentNetwork Independent International SupportVendor-controlled MMI Initial focus on phones

Slow bearers Small memory Limited CPU Small screen Limited input model

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WAE First GenerationArchitecture

Application model Browser, Gateway, Content Server

WML Display language

WMLScript Scripting language

WTA Telephony services API and architecture

Content Formats Data exchange

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WML Second GenerationExtensions and enhancements

Currently under development

User Agent Profiling Content customized for device

Push Model Network-initiated content delivery

Performance Enhancements Caching, etc.

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GatewayClientNetwork

Application

WSP/HTTP Request {URL}

WSP/HTTP Reply {Content}

WAE Abstract Network Architecture

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Web Server

Content

CGIScripts

etc.

WM

L D

ecks

wit

h W

ML

-Scr

ipt

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP

Network Example #1: WAP Gateway

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WAP Application Server

Content

ApplicationLogic

WM

L D

ecks

wit

h W

ML

-Scr

ipt

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-Script

WTAI

Etc.

WSP/WTP

Network Example #2:WAP Application Server

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WMLTag-based browsing language:

Screen management (text, images) Data input (text, selection lists, etc.) Hyperlinks & navigation support

W3C XML-based languageInherits technology from HDML and

HTML

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WML (cont.)

Card metaphor User interactions are split into cards Navigation occurs between cards

Explicit inter-card navigation model Hyperlinks UI Event handling History

State management and variables Reduce network traffic Results in better caching

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InputElements

WML Example

Deck

CardNavigation

Variables

<WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“#eCard”/> </DO Welcome! </CARD> <CARD NAME=“eCard”> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“/submit?N=$(N)&S=$(S)”/> </DO> Enter name: <INPUT KEY=“N”/> Choose speed: <SELECT KEY=“S”> <OPTION VALUE=“0”>Fast</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE=“1”>Slow</OPTION> <SELECT> </CARD></WML>

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WMLScriptScripting language:

Procedural logic, loops, conditionals, etc. Optimized for small-memory, small-cpu

devices

Derived from JavaScript™Integrated with WML

Powerful extension mechanism Reduces overall network traffic

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WMLScript (cont.)Bytecode-based virtual machine

Stack-oriented design ROM-able Designed for simple, low-impact

implementation

Compiler in network Better network bandwidth use Better use of terminal memory/cpu.

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Functions

WMLScript Example

WMLScript is very similar to JavaScript

ProgrammingConstructs

Variables

function currencyConvertor(currency, exchRate) { return currency*exchangeRate; }

function myDay(sunShines) { var myDay; if (sunShines) { myDay = “Good”; } else { myDay = “Not so good”; }; return myDay;}

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WTATools for building telephony applicationsDesigned primarily for:

Network Operators / Carriers Equipment Vendors

Network security and reliability a major consideration

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WTA (cont.)WTA Browser

Extensions added to standard WML/WMLScript browser

Exposes additional API (WTAI)

WTAI includes: Call control Network text messaging Phone book interface Indicator control Event processing

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WTA (cont.)Network model for client/server interaction

Event signaling Client requests to server

Security model: segregation Separate WTA browser Separate WTA port

WTAI available in WML & WMLScript

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Placing an outgoing call with WTAI:

Input Element

WTAI Call

<WML><CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“wtai:cc/mc;$(N)”/> </DO> Enter phone number: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” KEY=“N”/></CARD></WML>

WTA Example

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Content FormatsCommon interchange formatsPromoting interoperabilityFormats:

Business cards: IMC vCard standard Calendar: IMC vCalendar standard Images: WBMP (Wireless BitMaP) Compiled WML, WMLScript

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Content Format Example

Image Element

<WML><CARD> Hello World!<BR/> <IMG SRC=“/world.wbmp” ALT=“[Globe]” /></CARD></WML>

Example Use of an Image:

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PushPush is under developmentNetwork-push of content

Alerts or service indications Pre-caching of data

Goals: Extensibility and simplicity Build upon WAP 1.0 End-to-end solution Security User friendly

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User Agent Profiles (UAProf)UAProf is under developmentGoal: content personalization, based upon:

Device characteristics, user preferences Other profile information

Working with W3C on CC/PP RDF-based content format Describes “capability and profile” info

Efficient transport over wireless links, caching, etc.

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WAE Technical CollaborationW3C

White paper published Technical collaboration

• CC/PP

• HTML-NG

• HTTP-NG

• Etc.

ETSI/MExEOthers coming soon

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Summary: WAE StatusFirst generation released

Implementations are in progress Specifications include:

• WAE, WML, WMLScript

• WBMP, WTA, WTAI, etc.

Second generation in development Focusing on:

• Push, Interoperability, UAProf

• Telephony, Internationalization, etc.

Wireless Session Protocol

Wireless Transaction Protocol

Wireless Datagram Protocol

Wireless Transport ProtocolsWireless Transport Protocols

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Wireless Transaction Service Access Point

Wireless Datagram Protocol

BearerService

D

BearerService

CBearerService

B

Transport Service Access Point (TSAP)

BearerService

A

Physical Layer Air Link Technology

Wireless Transaction Protocol

Wireless Session Protocol

Wireless Session Service Access Point

WCMP

WAP Protocol Layers

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WAP Transport ServicesWSP is the Session Layer ProtocolWTP is the Transaction-Oriented protocolWDP is the Datagram protocol

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WAP Over GSM Circuit-Switched

RAS - Remote Access ServerIWF - InterWorking Function

WSP

WAE

Subnetwork

IP

WSP

WAE Apps onOther Servers

WAP Proxy/Server

CSD-RF

PPP

IP

Mobile

IWF

PSTNCircuit

CSD-RF

ISP/RAS

SubnetworkPSTNCircuit

PPP

IP

WTP

UDP

WTP

UDP

Service, Protocol, and Bearer Example

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WAP Over GSM Short Message Service

SMS

WDP

WTP

WSP

WAE

SMS

Subnetwork

WDP

WDP Tunnel Protocol

Subnetwork

WDP TunnelProtocol

WTP

WSP

WAE Apps onother servers

SMSC

WAP Proxy/ServerMobile

under development

Service, Protocol, and Bearer Example

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WAP WDP Tunneling Architecture

Non-IP bearer(f.I. SMS)

WDP &Adaptation

WSP

WAE

Non-IP bearer(f.I. SMS)

Tunnel

Subnetwork

Tunnel

WDP &Adaptation

WSP

WAE Apps onother servers

WirelessData

Gateway(message

center)

WAPProxy/ServerMobile

defined in the WDP Specification

Subnetwork

WTPWTP

WDP TUNNEL SpecificationWAP context

WTLS Services & Characteristics

WAP Security WAP Security

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WTLS Services and CharacteristicsSpecifies a framework for secure connections, using

protocol elements from common Internet security protocols like SSL and TLS.

Provides security facilities for encryption, strong authentication, integrity, and key management

Compliance with regulations on the use of cryptographic algorithms and key lengths in different countries

Provides end-to-end security between protocol end points

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WTLS Services and Characteristics Provides connection security for two communicating

applications• privacy (encryption)• data integrity (MACs)• authentication (public-key and symmetric)

Lightweight and efficient protocol with respect to bandwidth, memory and processing power

Employs special adapted mechanisms for wireless usage• Long lived secure sessions• Optimised handshake procedures• Provides simple data reliability for operation over datagram

bearers

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Record Protocol

Handshake Protocol

Alert Protocol

Application Protocol

Change Cipher Spec Protocol

Transaction Protocol (WTP)

Datagram Protocol (WDP/UDP)

Bearer networks

WTLS

Record protocol

WTLS Internal Architecture

Wireless Interoperability Group Wireless Interoperability Group

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Wireless Interoperability GroupWireless Interoperability Group WIG Mission statement

“To ensure that WAP products To ensure that WAP products are conformant to WAP specs are conformant to WAP specs and interwork with each other.”and interwork with each other.”

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WAP產品發展現況產品/服務型態廠商名稱產品名稱備註

Alcatel OneTouch View GSM手機Ericsson R380 GSM手機Motorola I1000+

Timeport P7389GSM手機

Nokia 7110 GSM手機預計 1999 Q4上市

WAPTerminal

Siemens S25 GSM手機Angelica Angel-one Gateway軟體

Apion Binian Gateway軟體CMG telecom WAP Service Broker Gateway軟體

Ericsson WAP Gateway/Proxy Gateway軟體Dr.Materna Materna Gateway Gateway軟體Phone.com UP.link Gateway軟體

RTS Advantage Gateway軟體

WAPGateway

Spyglass Prism Gateway軟體Angelica Wireless ApSASPIRO Fleet Manager 網管軟體

Infinite Tech InterChange E-MailLucent SMSC 短訊服務

Peramon Lexico 個人資訊系統(PIS)Phone.com UP.Mail、UP.Organizer

WAP應用程式

Tecnomen Unified MessageService

資料來源：WAP Forum， 1999/10，電通所 IT IS整理

產品/服務型態廠商名稱產品名稱備註Alcatel HomeTop Internet Portal

發展套件Argo Interactive ActiGate Gateway發展套件Baltimore Tech. W/SECURE WTLS發展套件

Certicom WTLS Plus 1.0 WTLS發展套件Ericsson IDESDK WAP整合發展套件

MAZ VAS 加值服務Melody Interactive MyWAP 用戶端應用程式

Nokia NAMP WAP整合發展套件Oracle Project Panama Internet Portal

發展套件

WAP發展套件

Phone.com UP.SDK WAP整合發展套件Digital Bridges Online Games 10種線上遊戲

IDO EZAcessLG Telecom 019 EZMapQuest MapQuest.com 地圖檢索

Pc-plus Computing IDA.wap 線上目錄服務Sorena WAP ServiceUCP Ucphone.com Content Provider

WAP服務

Virtual Mobile Banking

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CCL/ITRI 計畫內容Java WAP Protocol Stack設計技術

進行內容項目* HTTP Translator

* Wireless Session Protocol(WSP)

* Wireless Transport Layer Security Protocol(WTLS)

* Wireless Transaction Protocol(WTP)

* Wireless Datagram Protcol(WDP)

* GSM Short Message System(SMS) Interface

* Java Cryptographic Library(Cryptix)

WAP Gateway設計技術 * WTLS to SSL Protocol Converter

* HTML to WML Converter

* WPKI Portal

* Proxy Gateway

Java Micro-Browser設計技術

* Wireless Markup Language(WML) Language Encoder/Decoder

* Compress WML (WMLC) Encoder/Decoder

* WMLScript Language Encoder/Decoder

* Layout Manager

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Mobile Internet Access 內容

RS-232

GSM Modem / Short MessageGSM Modem / Short Message

IrDAIrDA

TCP/UDP/IPTCP/UDP/IP

Wireless Datagram Protocol /Wireless Control Message Protocol

Wireless Datagram Protocol /Wireless Control Message Protocol

Wireless Transport Layered SecurityWireless Transport Layered Security

Wireless Transaction ProtocolWireless Transaction Protocol

Wireless Session ProtocolWireless Session Protocol

Micro-Browser withWireless Markup Language/WMLScript

Micro-Browser withWireless Markup Language/WMLScript

WAP Gateway

WTLS ServerWTLS Server

HTTP Connection I/F

HTTP Connection I/F

PushService

PushService

Short Message Center*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*進行中的項目

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技術成就已完成一套完整的 Java Based WAP Protocol Stack及Micro-Browser

符合WAP 1.1規格之WAP Protocol Stack(含 Security module) 可處理WML/WMLC/WMLScript 目前進行 System Tuning

已完成WAP Gateway Prototype 可處理WAP 1.1規格之WAP Protocol Stack 可處理WTLS與 SSL轉換處理，順利連上現有 Internet上之Web Server

後續進行項目 Micro-Browser downsizing WAP Gateway與 Internet Payment Server之連結 WPKI Portal之設計 WAP Proxy Gateway Protocol設計

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未來發展方向WAP與 Internet E-Commerce系統結合

提供Mobile Commerce之 Technical Solution 彰顯WAP Gateway的獨特性

• Security Module

• Payment Gateway Solution

• WPKI Portal

Mobile Internet Integration Environment 配合Multimedia與Mobile Computing技術的發展，進行技術研發與應用

WAP Gateway之功能可結合 Data Mining及 Software Agent技術發展

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WAP 與 Internet E-Commerce結合

收單銀行

Internet

Web user

SSL

Merchant Server

Database

SHTTP Server

收單銀行

Internet Payment Gateway

SSLISO8583 Interface

WMHS/VASMD System Interface

Web-Browser(merchant)

InternetSSL

E-Mail reader(merchant)

S-MIME

e-Shop Builder

WAP Gateway

Payment gateway

WAP user

SSL

X.25

Mall Admin

WMHS VASMD

Billing System

SmA/Si

Dat

aba

se

Internet WEB Server

cWAP WEB Server

Payment Gateway

IVR Interface

IVR Center

SS

LP

O

SSe

rv

er

Server API

Web Server

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Mobile Internet Technology

DVC

Note PC

WPAN

Digital Cellular NetworkGSM / GPRS / 3G Monitor Camera

VideoServer

TV

Security

AV ProductsComm. Terminals

Peripherals

AV Terminals

Audio

DSC

Data Terminal

Card Display

WAPenabled

DSC: Digital Still CameraDVC: Digital Video CameraWPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network (IEEE802.15)WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

Handset (Repeater)

PCDB

Mobile ISP/Agent(WAP Gateway Server)

- Text, Voice & Image- Personal Data

Multimedia Mail, PIM

- Web Browsing- Bulletin Board- Network Game- Ticket Reservation- E-commerce

Multimedia ContentsHome

Communicator

TV Door Phone

Intranet

LAN

Office

Router

Data & Image over LAN

Fixed NetworkPSTN / ISDN / FTTH

Internet(Web, Mail)

HomeMobile

Switcher

Security Cameras

Documents

Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communication Research Laboratories 工業技術研究 院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 1 Mobile Internet Service 鄭仁傑 網際網路軟體技術組

Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communication Research Laboratories 工業技術研究院電腦與通訊工業研究所 1 Mobile Internet Service 鄭仁傑網際網路軟體技術組