TO INFINITIVE AND GERUND(ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)

I. TO INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ)a. It’s adj + (of sb)+ to V: ai đó thật như thế nào khi làm việc gì

Các tính từ sau dùng với cấu trúc này: kind, good, stupid, clever, careless, sensible, brave, timid, coward, wise, rude, polite, generous, mean, thoughtful, tactful, selfish…Ex: It’s kind of you to help me You stole a car, which was stupid of you

b. S+ be + Adj + To VCác tính từ sau đây dùng với cấu trúc này: happy, sad, glad, nice, pleased, disappointed, difficult, easy, eager, ready, surprised, sorry, hesitant, amazed, able, willing, reluctant, sure/bound/certain.Ex: I am very glad to see you again.Động từ nguyên thể có “To” đứng ngay sau VAgree(đồng ý), afford(có khả năng tài chính), appear (dường như), attempt (nỗ lực), arrange(sắp xếp), cause(gây ra), Choose (lựa chọn), decide(quyết định), demand (yêu cầu), Expect(mong đợi), Fail(thất bại), Hope(hi vọng), Hap, Hesitate(ngại, phiền), intend(dự định), mange(quản lý), offer(đề nghị), promise(hứa), Plan(lập kế hoạch), Pay(trả), Prepare(chuẩn bị), Refuse(từ chối), Threaten(đe dọa), tend(xu thế), wish(ước), want( muốn).Ex: I can’t afford to go abroad study He agreed to work for us She refused to answer personal questionsII. GERUND (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ- Ving)1. Những động từ dùng với danh động từ: Admit(nhận),finish, anticipate (đoán trước), appreciate (đánh giá), avoid( tránh), consider(xem xét), continue(tiếp tục), postpone =delay(hoãn), deny(chối), discuss(thảo luận), hate =dislike(ghét), enjoy(thích) , keep(giữ), mind(phiền), miss(lỡ) , practise, quit, resist(kháng lại), risk(liều), suggest(đề nghị), mention(đề cập), prefer…toEx: I couldn’t avoid meeting him Have you finished talking? She enjoys playing tennis2. Danh động từ đúng sau giới từ : at, on, in, before, after, with, up, without, by, in addition to…..Ex: we can improve our English by practicing much He came in without saying hello to anybody On getting home, he sat down to write a letter In addition to going to university she also takes a part- time job Before going to bed, I clean my teeth3. Đi với một số thành ngữ cố định:+ can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand: không thể không+ It’s (not) worth : Đáng (không đáng làm gì)+ It’s no use = it’s no good= there be no point in Ving: làm gì đó là vô ích

+ S + have/has difficulty/trouble + in + Ving: gặp khó khăn, rắc rối+ have (any) problem in Ving+ have a good time + Ving+ have a hard/difficult time + VingNote:+ Stop + to V: dừng lại để làm gì Ex: He stops smoking Ving: dừng lại không làm nữa He stops to eat+ remember + To V: nhớ phải làm gì(HT, TL) Ving: nhớ đã làm gì(QK)Ex: Remember to post my letter I remember locking the door before going out+ forget + To V: quên phải làm gì (HT, TL) Ving: quên đã làm gì, sẽ không bao giờ quên làEx: Don’t forget to buy shoes for me I’ll never forget meeting him+ regret + To V: lấy làm tiếc(dùng để thông báo) Ving : hối tiếc, ân hận vì đã làmEx: I regret to inform you that your application isn’t acceptable I regret buying a lot of shares+ try + To V: cố gắng làm gì Ex: I try to get better marks Ving: thử làm gì I try solving this difficult sum+ mean + To V: có ý định làm gì = intend Ving: đưa đến hậu quả gì = result inEx: I don’t mean to buy that house His new job means earning a lot of money+ need + To V : cần làm gì (mang tính chủ động chỉ người) Ving: cần được làm gì (mang tính bị động chỉ vật)Ex: I need to sell some good My trousers need ironing NOTE: advise/allow/permit/forbid/encourage/recommend + (O)Sb + To V VingEx: they allow me to buy a new car I don’t allow smoking in the roomIII. WITHOUT “TO” INFINITIVE

1. Sau các động từ khuyết thiếu: can, could, may, might, should, had better … + V0

2. help/ make/ have(nhờ ai làm) + (O)sb + V0

NOTE:S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + V0 (nhìn thấy toàn bộ sự việc)S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + Ving (nhìn thấy sự việc đang diễn ra)

1. Tom regrets ................ (spend) too much time ................ (play) computer games .

2. Students stopped ................ (make) noise when the teacher came in .

3. He’ll try ................ (not make) the same mistake again.

4. Would you mind ................ (turn) off the radio ?

5. When you see Tom, remember ................ (give) him my regards.

6. They postponed ................ (build)an elementary school for lack of finance.

7. It’s no use ................ (advise) him. He never allows anybody ................ (give) advice.

8. Is there anything here worth ................ (buy)?

9. We missed ................ (watch) a football match last night .

10. The principal tells him ................ (come)in .

11. My parents decided ................ (take) a taxi because it was late.

12. Do you agree ................ (lend) me some money ?

13. Tom refused ................ (give) me his address .

14. You’ll be able ................ (do) it yourself when you are older .

15. I didn’t know how ................ (get) to your house , so I stopped ................ (ask) the way .

16. We found it very difficult ................ (reach) a decision .

17. I will remember ................ (give) Mr. Brown your message .

18. She remembers ................ (be) taken to the zoo by her mother .

19. Do you feel like .............. (go) to the concert or would you like .............. (stay) at home ?

20. My family is considering ................ (take) a trip to the USA next year.

21. The police didn’t permit ................ (camp) in this wood for security reasons .

22. We don’t allow people ................ (smoke) in the lecture room.

23. The teacher advised ................ (review) the grammatical structures carefully .

24. He’ s used to ................ (go) on foot to work .

25. We get used to ................ (work) on Sundays .

26. She is looking forward to ................ ( see) her friends .

27. Sometimes students avoid ................ (look) at the teacher if they don’t want ................

(answer) a question.

28. You should try ................ (wear) any shirts you want to buy.

29. The teacher recommends us ................ (prepare) the lessons well before ................

(come)to class.

30. There are people can’t help ................ (laugh )when they see someone ................ (slip) on a

banana skin

31. He went to bed without ................ (lock) the doors .

32. They don’t have enough patience ................ (wait) for him .

33. Gravity makes water ................ ( run) downhill .

34. This man let me ................ (use) his phone yesterday.

35. Are we allowed ................ (go) out with Tom ?

36. The teller was made ................ (raise) his hands .

37. Mary was advised ................ (stay) out of the crowd .

38. She prefers ................ (eat) to ................ (prepare) meals .

39. When the rainy season comes , you need ................ (repair) the roof of the house .

40. The flowers need ................ (water ) but you needn’t ................ (water) them now.

41. He wanted (see) _____________________the house where the president was born.

42. He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days.

43. I would like him (go) _____________________ to a university but I can’t (make) him go.

44. I am looking forward to (see) _____________________ you.

45. I arranged (meet) _____________________them there.

46. He urged us (work) _____________________faster.

47. I wish (see) _____________________the manager.

48. It is no use (wait) _____________________him.

49. He warned her (not touch) _____________________the wire.

50. Don’t forget (clock) ________________the door before (go) _____________________to bed.

51. My mother told me (not speak) _____________________too anyone about it.

52. He tried (explain) _____________________but she refused (listen) _____________________.

53. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _____________________between the courses.

54. He decided (disguise) __________________ himself by (dress) _______________as a women.

55. I am prepared (wait) _____________________here all night if necessary.

56. Would you mind (show) _________________me how (work) _____________________the lift.

57. After (walk) ___________three hours we stopped (rest) ___________and let the others (catch)

_____________up with us.

58. I am beginning (understand) _____________________what you mean.

59. The boy likes (play) ________________games but hates (do) ________________exercises.

60. I regret (inform) _____________________you that your application has been refused.

61. I don’t allow (smoke) _____________________in my drawing-room.

62. I don’t allow my family (smoke) _____________________at all.

63. He surprised us all by (go) _________________away without (say) __________‘Good-bye’.

64. Please go on (write) _____________________; I don’t mind _____________________ (wait).

65. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _____________________recognized.

66. Before (give) _______________evidence you must swear (speak) _____________the truth.

67. I tried (persuade) _________________him (agree) ________________with your proposal.

68. Your windows need (clean) __________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for you.

69. Would you mind (shut) ___________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught.

70. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught.

71. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.

72. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.

73. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.

74. People used (make) ______________fire by (rub) _________________two sticks together.

75. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).

76. If you go on (let) ______your dog (chase) ________cars he will end by (be)

_____________________run over.

77. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.

78. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once.

79. Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a cheque.

80. (Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the office.

81. She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months.

82. An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine.

83. I have no intention of (go) _________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _____________my

favorite actress in such dreadful part.

84. I suggest (telephone) ___________the hospitals before (ask) ________the police (look)

_____________for him.

85. After (hear) _________the conditions I decided (not enter) _____________for the competition.

86. Some people seem (have) __________the passion for (write) ___________to the newspapers.

87. He expects me (answer) _____________by return but I have no intention of (reply)

_____________at all.

88. He postponed (make) _________a decision until it was too late (do) _____________anything.

89. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.

90. There is no point in (remain) ____in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) ___the

people who have (stay) ____there.

91. The horse won’t be well enough (run) _________in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have)

_____recovered from his long journey.

92. At first I enjoyed (listen) _________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear)

_____________the same story again and again.

93. It is usually easier (learn) _____________a subject by (read) _____________books than by

(listen) _____________ to lectures.

94. It wouldn’t be safe (start) ________down now; we will have (wait) ________till the mist clears.

95. After (discuss) ________the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have)

_____________ reached any decision.

96. It’s not much use (have) _____________a bike if you don’t know how (use) _____________it.

97. I distinctly remember (pay) _____________him. I gave him 2$.

98. Did you remember (give) ______him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t. I will go and do it now.

99. Please forgive me for (interrupt) _____________you but would you mind (repeat)

_____________that last sentence.

100. He made a lot of money by (buy) ________tickets in advance and (sell) _____________them

twice the price on the day of the match.

101. I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished (read) _____________it.

102. How old were you when you learned (drive) _____________.

103. My father gave up (smoke) _____________three years ago.

104. Would you mind (keep) _____________silent? I’m trying (study) _____________.

105. I always try to avoid_____________ (borrow) money from my friends.

106. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed _______ (get) to school on time.

107. Could you please stop _____________ (make) so much noise?

108. I hope _____________ (run) in the marathon next month.

109. Look! It’s started _____________ (rain) again.

110. It was too late, so we decided_____________ (take) a taxi home.

111. My sister always enjoys _____________ (listen) to classical music.

112. I’ve put off _____________ (write) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.

113. Sarah gave up _____________ (try) to find a job in this country and decided_____________

(go) abroad.

114. You can’t stop me _____________ (do) what I want.

115. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford_____________ (go) out very often.

116. I’m still looking for a job but I hope_____________ (find) something soon.

117. My mother can’t stand_____________ (stay) at home without doing anything.

118. You must promise_____________ (not / be) late again.

119. I didn’t have enough time (finish) my work yesterday.

120. He refused _____________ ( allow) her _____________ ( think) for herself.

121. I was relieved (find out) that I had passed the exam.

122. She made her son ____________ (wash) the windows before he could go outside

_______(play) with his friends.

123. She lets her children (stay) up very late.

124. We had nothing (do) except look at the cinema posters.

125. We both heard him (say) that he was leaving.

126. It made him angry (wait) for people who were late.

127. I couldn’t understand what the passage said, so I had my friend ( translate) it for me.

128. It’s important ( start) the meeting on time.

129. There are too many people here for me (talk) to all of them.

130. It took ages (download) the pictures from the Internet.

131. Whenever I have free time, I like ( watch) the basketball team (practice).

132. She sent me an e- mail ( inform) me that the meeting had been canceled.

133. It was a thrill ( see) my brother (win) the chess tournament last year.

134. I must ( speak) to the manager.

135. It is lovely ( see) you again.

136. It is too cold ( go) out.

137. I am happy ( know) that you have passed the exam.

138. We’ve got a few jobs ( do).

139. He keeps (ask) ____________ me the time and I keep (tell) _____________him (buy)

_____________himself a watch.

140. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind (wait) _____________for you.

1. Many young people are fond of -------------- football and other kinds of sports.

A. play B. to play C. playing D. played

2. They couldn’t help -------------- when they heard the little boy singing a love song.

A. laughing B. to laugh C. laugh D. laughed

3. Your house needs -------------- .

A. redecorated B. redecorating C. being redecorated D. to redecorate

4. I remember -------------- them to play in my garden.

A. to allow B. allow C. allowing D. allowed

5. It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid --------------

by the supervisors?

A. to recognize B. to be recognized C. recognizing D. being recognized

6. I can’t bear thinking back of that time. I’d rather -------------- equally.

A. treat B. be treated C. have treated D. treating

7. Did you accuse Nam of -------------- a plate? Well, I saw him -------------- it off the table with his

elbow.

A. break/ knock B. breaking/ knocking C. to break/ to knock D. breaking/ knock

8. We found it very difficult -------------- with Gamma.

A. to work B. work C. working D. worked

9. I can’t read when I am traveling. It makes me -------------- sick.

A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling

10. I need -------------- what’s in the letter. Why don’t you let me -------------- it?

A. to know/ to read B. know/ read C. to know/ read D. knowing/ read

11. I suggest -------------- some more mathematical puzzles.

A. do B. to do C. doing D. done

12. We regret -------------- you that we cannot approve your suggestion.

A. inform B. to inform C. informing D. informed

13. The driver stopped -------------- a coffee because he felt sleepy.

A. have B. to have C. having D. had

14. Have you ever considered -------------- a pharmacist?

A. become B. becoming C. to become D. became

15. You had better -------------- at home until you feel better.

A. staying B. stayed C. to stay D. stay

16. I remember -------------- my mother said the grass in the garden needed --------------.

A. to hear/cutting B. hear/cut C. heard/to cut D. hearing/ cutting

17. Peter sometimes help his sister --------------.

A. do homework B. to do homework C. with homework D. all are correct

18. I would rather -------------- at home than --------------out with you.

A. staying/going B. to stay/ to go C. stay/go D. stayed/went

19. I would rather you --------------.

A. drive B. to drive C. drove D. driven

20. She didn’t say a word and left the room.

A. She left the room without saying a word B. She leaving the room without saying a word

C. She left the room saying a word D. She left the room to say a word.

21. My father wanted me -------------- a pilot.

A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became

22. Please wait a minute. My boss is busy -------------- something.

A. write B. writing C. to write D. to writing

23. My teacher doesn’t allow us -------------- while he is explaining the lesson.

A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked

24. We have plenty of time. We needn’t --------------

A. hurry B. to hurry C. hurrying D. hurried

25. I promised -------------- on time. I mustn’t -------------- late.

A. be/be B. to be/to be C. to be/ be D. be/to be

26. Mary and I are looking forward -------------- you.

A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to seeing D. to see

27. I’m sure that he knows -------------- this new machine.

A. to use B. using C. how using D. how to use

28. Psychiatrists and doctors have failed -------------- people not to drink.

A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. told

29. The students are used to -------------- in the school library.

A. working B. work C. to work D. worked

30. Our room needs -------------- up.

A. tidied B. to tide C. tidy D. tidying

31. Mercury’s low gravity makes you -------------- very light in a spaceship.

A. feel B. feeling C. to feel D. felt

32. “ Was the test long?”. “ Yes, John was the only one -------------- it”

A. to finish B. finishing C. finished D. finish

33. A lots of needs -------------- to the house before anyone can move in.

A. be done B. doing C. to do D. done

34. It is about time you -------------- harder for the next exam.

A. worked B. working C. work D. to work

35. If he really doesn’t feel like ------------ now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air.

A. work B. to work C. worked D. working

36. Every day I spend two hours ___________ English.A. practise B to practise C.

practising D. practised

37. The skiers would rather __________ through the mountains than go by bus.

A.to travel by train B. travel by train C. traveled by train D. traveling by train

38. He likes _________ part in sports, so he joins the football team of the school.

A. to take B. to taking C. takes D. took

39. I don't remember___________ the front door when I left home.

A. to lock B. lock C. locked D. Locking

40. Children enjoy ___________ to ghost stories on Halloween night.

A.telling and listening B. tell and listen C. to tell and listen D. to tell and to listen

41. They decided ___________ to Japan for their summer holiday.

A. going B. to go C. go D. to going

42. His parents think it's time for him___________ married.

A. gets B. get C. to get D. got

43. Peter's father ordered __________ not to stay out late again.

A. him B. to him C. that he D. for him

44. Smoking is bad for your heath. You had better_________ it up.

A. to give B. give C. giving D. to be giving

45. I hope you don't mind __________ so late at night.

A. telephoning B. to telephone C.telephone D.to have telephoned

46. It took three and a half hours _________ to Singapore.

A. to fly B. flying C. to be flown D. fly

47. She refused ___________ them.

A.to help B.help C.having helped D.helping

48. My parents can't _________ seeing me at home all day.

A. stop B. stand C. start D. hate

49. ___________is a popular sport in Europe.

A. To ski B. Skiing C. Ski D. To skiing

50. There are many ways of _______ ourselves in a big city.

A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyment D. to enjoy

51. I never feel like _______ early on Monday morning.

A. getting up B. get up C. gets up D. to get up

52. It is not easy ________ a high-paid job.

A. find B. finding C. finds D. to find

53. Would you like the doctor _________ ?

A. coming B. to come C. come D. comes

54. There is no need ______ the door of the meeting room tonight.

A. to lock B. to be locking C.to be locked D. locked

55. My husband wants me _______ this letter before afternoon.

A. to post B. posting C. post D. posts

56. I hate _______ the dirty dishes after a meal.

A. wash B. to washing C. to wash D. to be washing

57. She doesn't like going _______ in the sea in summer.

A. to swim B. to be swimming C. swimming D. swim

58. I am afraid of _______ by the strong wind.

A.taking away B.take away C.being taken away D.being taking away

59. We need to stop _________ at what damage we have done to the nature and try ________it

before it's too late.

A. looking/ to fix B. to look/ to fix C.to look/ fixing D.looking/ fixing

60. Human beings must stop ______the environment.

A. to pollute B. polluted C.to polluted D.polluting

61. We walked for ten kilometers and then we stopped _______ a rest

A. to have B. have C. having D. has

62. It is raining hard. We had better _______ at home tonight.

A. staying B to stay C. stay D. to be staying

63. Before starting __________ for this company, I spent a year _______ .

A. work/travel B.work/traveling C.working/travel D.working/traveling

64. I _______ play with dolls when I was small.

A. enjoyed B. hated C. started D. used to

65. .It _______ him two hours to finish the exercise.

A. take B. took C. to take D. taking

66. I had no difficulty ______ to her English.

A. listen B. to listen C. to listening D. listening

67. We are ______ buying a new motorbike.

A. considering B. deciding C. expecting D. thinking

68. If the earth stops ______ around the sun, there will be no light on earth.

A. move B. to move C. moved D. moving

69. If we don't do anything ___ the ice on the poles from melting, the earth will be flooded one day.

A. for stop B. to stopping C. to stop D. stop

70. Unless we ______ throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted.

A. stop B. don't stop C. will stop D. won't stop

71. The pollution rate in this area seems ______ slowly.

A. increase B. increasing C. to increase D. to be increase

72. Your hair is too long now. It needs _________ .

A. to cut B. cutting C. being cut D. to be cutting

73. We all enjoy _________ English.

A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned

74. I expected them _______ me a job.

A. offer B. offering C.to be offered D.to offer