INGAMBA ZO GUHANGANA N'INGENGABITEKEREZO YA JENOSIDE N' AHO U

RWANDA RUGEZE RUYIHASHY A

Intangiriro

Abahanga mu gucukumbura icyaha cya Jenoside, berekanye ko Jenoside ikorwa ishingiye ku

mugambi wo kumaraho abantu bose cyangwa se igice cyabo hashingiwe ku ibara ry'uruhu,

ubwoko, idini, cyangwa se ubwenegihugu. Nyamara, umugambi w'abajenosideri si ukwica

abantu gusa, ahubwo baba bagamije no guhakana ko abo bantu bigeze kubaho no kubahanagura

mu mateka y'isi. Urugero: Ni amagambo Colonel Tewonesiti BAGOSORA yavugiye Arusha

mu Ukuboza 1993, avuga ngo: "Ndatashye, nsubiye mu Rwanda, ngiye kubategurira imperuka

(=yavugaga Abatutsi)".

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, igirwa kandi igaragazwa n'abantu batandukanye, an

Abanyarwanda n'abanyamahanga, Imiryango mpuzamahanga yaba ihuje za Leta cyangwa itari

iya Leta, haba abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa abakorera iyo miryango. Bakoresha uburyo

butandukanye mu guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi.

Niyo mpamvu, ingamba zo guhangana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

zisaba imbaraga nyinshi n'ubufatanye bw'abafatanyabikorwa batandukanye haba abo mu

Rwanda ndetse no mu mahanga.

Ingamba kandi zigomba gushingira ku ngaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, zihereye ku

ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ubwayo nk'imwe mu ngaruka za Jenoside.

I. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nk'imwe mu ngaruka za

Jenoside.

Nyuma y'uko mu Rwanda hishwe abantu barenga miliyoni, bikajyana no gusenya igihugu no

gusenya ubumwe bw' Abanyarwanda, Jenoside yasize umurage mubi w'ingengabitekerezo ya

Jenoside, igenda ikaza umurego, ariko inahindura isura uko imyaka igenda ikurikirana.

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Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kandi igenda yagura amarembo, cyane cyane mu karere k'ibiyaga

bigari, kubera ko abakoze Jenoside ari nabo bagenda bayisakaza mu bihugu bihana imbibi n'u

Rwanda, aha twavuga nka FDLR, RUD-Urunana n'indi mitwe igizwe n'abakoze Jenoside mu

Rwanda muri 1994, ndetse na bamwe biyita abanyepolitiki bose bakaba bahuriza ku ntego imwe

yo gukomeza gukwiza mu Rwanda, mu Karere no mu mahanga ya kure urwango rushingiye ku

moko no guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Uko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside igenda isakara mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari ni nako igira

ingaruka ku mibanire y'ibihugu duturanye kuko ibikorwa bibi bifitanye isano na Jenoside hari

abadatinya kubyitirira u Rwanda bagamije kwikuraho uruhare rwabo muri ibyo bikorwa, kandi

bagamije guha ingufu abasize bahekuye u Rwanda. Iyo myitwarire ishingiye ku

ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside iba igamije no guhungabanya umutekano w'abanyarwanda,

kwangisha Abanyarwanda ubuyobozi bwiza bafite no guhesha isura mbi Igihugu n'abagituye mu

rwego mpuzamahanga.

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kandi itoneka abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi basanzwe

bafite ibikomere bikomeye ku mubiri no ku mutima basigiwe na Jenoside.

Ni ngombwa ko hashyirwa mu bikorwa ingamba zikomeye zo guhangana n'ingengabitekerezo

ya Jenosode, hakoreshejwe cyane cyane ubukangurambaga mu rubyiruko, guhana

abagaragaweho ibikorwa by'ingengabitekerezo, no gushyigikira gahunda zose zubaka ubumwe

bw' Abanyarwanda.

II. INGAMBA ZO GUHANGANA N'INGENGEBITEKEREZO YA JENOSIDE

Hari ingamba zitandukanye kandi zuzuzanya zafasha mu kurwanya ingengabitekeerzo ya

Jenoside. Zimwe murizo ni izi zikurikira:

II.I Kubungababunga ibimenyetso ya Jenoside

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hari ibimenyesto byinshi byibutsa amateka yihariye ya

Jenoside byashyizweho. Ibimenyetso byinshi bishyinguwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside, nk'imibiri

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yamaze gushyingurwa, ndetse n'itarashyingurwa, hakaba n'ibikoresho byakoreshwaga

n'abishwe muri Jenoside, ndetse na zimwe mu ntwaro zakoreshejwe mu gutsemba Abatutsi.

Mu Rwanda hari inzibutso nyinshi hose mu Gihugu, ndetse no mu mahanga, zikaba

zishyinguwemo abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Izo nzibutso zitabwaho n'inzego

zinyuranye, Uturere, na Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside. Hari n'abatera nkunga baza

bunganira ingengo y'imari ya Leta mu gufata neza inzibutso.

Mu bihugu duturanye nka Uganda na Tanzaniya naho hari inzibutso zishyinguwemo abazize

Jenoside. Muri Uganda hari inzibutso Golo, Lambu, na Kansesero. Muri Tanzaniya hari

urwibutso i Ngala. Hari kandi n'ibindi bimenyetso bigenda bishyirwa ahantu habugenewe

(nk'ahiciwe abantu bakaba batahashyinguwe, abatawe mu mazi no mu birombe, ...), mu mijyi

imwe n'imwe y'Iburayi naho hari inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi (ingero: Woluwe

Saint Pierre mu Bubiligi, Dieulefit, Toulouse, Paris, Cluny mu Bufaransa, ...). Ndetse no ku

cyicaro cy'Umuryango w'Ibihugu by'Iburasirazuba Arusha muri Tanzaniya, no ku cyicaro

cy'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw' Afurika, Addis-Abeba muri Etiyopiya, hari inzibutso za Jenoside

yakorewe Abatutsi.

Kubika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni ngombwa kuko ari uburyo bwo guha

icyubahiro abazize Jenoside, ariko ni n'intwaro igomba gukoreshwa mu kurwanya abantu

bagifite ingengabitekerezo ya Jenosode kuko baba bifuza ko ukuri kwasibangana, bityo

bakikuraho uruhare rwabo ndetse bakaba banatekereza gutegura indi Jenoside turamutse

tudakomeje kuba maso ngo turwanye imigambi yabo mibi.

Gufata neza inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi binajyana no kurushaho gutegura ibiganiro

n'inama zo kwibuka, kwitabira ibiganiro bitangwa mu gihe cyo kwibuka, no kwitabira gahunda

zo kwibuka muri rusange.

Buri muturarwanda wese agomba kumva ko afite inshingano yo kubungabunga amateka

y'Urwanda muri rusange n'aya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi by'umwihariko, akarwanya uwaba

wese afite umugambi mubi wo gusibanganya mu buryo ubwo- aribwo bwose cyangwa se gufata

nabi ibimenyetso bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

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11.2 Kwigisha urubyiruko amateka y'u Rwanda

Abenshi mu rubyiruko rw'ubu ntibamenye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko ingaruka zayo

barazizi. Hari ababuze imiryango yabo, inshuti n'abandi bavandimwe. Hari urubyiruko rufite

ababyeyi n'abavandimwe babo bakoze Jenoside, ubu bakaba bayifungiwe cyangwa bararangije

ibihano byabo. Hari urubyiruko ruri mu mahanga kubera ko ababyeyi babo babahunganye

bakaba babaha amakuru atariyo bagamije guhisha uruhare bagize muri Jenoside. Hari

n'urubyiruko rwumva amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi avugwa ariko ntiruyasobanukirwe

neza, bityo bamwe bakagumana ibibazo, kandi arirwo Rwanda rw'ejo.

Kwigisha urubyiruko amateka si ukurusubiza mu byashize bibi, ahubwo ni ukurufasha kumenya

aho ibintu bitagenze neza, kugira ngo rwubake ejo hazaza harwo ruzi neza ibyo rugomba

kwirinda kandi rurusheho kumva akamaro ko kurinda ibyiza u Rwanda rumaze kubaka muri iyi

myaka 22 ishize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe.

Ibi ni ngombwa ko bikorwa kuko iyo bidakozwe n'abafite ubushake bwo kubaka Igihugu

bikorwa n'abafite ingengabitekerzo ya Jenoside, baba bashishikajwe no gusenya Igihugu ndetse

no gutanya Abanyarwanda.

Abakwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside babikora bakoresheje uburyo bwinshi harimo

n'ubwo urubyiruko rukunze gukoresha nka Internet, Facebook, What's up, Twitter n'ibindi.

Abakwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bashingira ku binyoma no gushyira urujijo mu

bantu cyane cyane mu rubyiruko.

Amashuri akwiye guteganya imfashanyigisho ziha umwanya amateka y'Igihugu, agasobanurwa,

kandi iri somo rikigishwa mu byiciro byose by'uburezi.

Ariko izi nyigisho na none zatangwa zinyuze no mu bundi buryo butari amashuri nk'ibiganiro

mbwirwaruhame, inyigisho zitangwa n' Amadini zihabwa abayoboke bayo.

Imiryango itari iya Leta n'amadini bikorera mu Rwanda n'abafatanyabikorwa babo bagomba

kumva ko ari inshingano yabo gukomeza kugira uruhare no kuba umuyoboro mu kurwanya

abahakana n'abapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, baba babikorera mu Rwanda cyangwa mu

mahanga.

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Mu rwego rwo gukorneza kurwanya abahakana n'abapfobya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi

hagomba kugaragazwa no gusobanura ukuri ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi,

gukomeza kwihesha agaciro dushyira irnbere ubunyarwanda, gushirnangira iharne ry'ubumwe

bw'abanyarwanda kugirango umuryango nyarwanda ukorneze kurangwa no gukunda igihugu no

guharanira inyungu z'u Rwanda n' Abanyarwanda.

Ibigo by'amashuru n'inzego z'ibanze n'indi rniryango itari iya Leta yashyigikira urubyiruko

rushaka gushinga clubs zo kurwanya jenoside n'ingengabitekerezo yayo mu rubyiruko ruri mu

Rwanda, no rnu bihugu by'amahanga.

11.3 Guhangana n'abakwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside haba imbere mu Gihugu

no mu Mahanga.

Guhangana n'abakwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bigornba gukorwa binyuze mu

bushakashatsi, ubutabera, ububanyi n'amahanga, itangazamakuru n'izindi nzego.

11.3.1 Mu bantu bakwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenosode, harimo abashakashatsi mu

mashuri makuru na za Kaminuza n'abashakashatsi bigenga.

Ni ngombwa ko ubushakashatsi bwerekana igihe cyose imiterere y'ingengabitekerezo ya

Jenoside n'uburyo igenda yigaragaza uko imyaka igenda ikurikirana.

Bamwe mu barirnu ba za Karninuza zo rnu mahanga n'abashakashatsi, nka FilipReyntjens,

w'umubirigi, Bernard Lugan w'umufaransa, bavuga ko Jenoside itateguwe, ko ahubwo yatewe

n'izindi mpamvu nk'ihanurwa ry'indege ya Habayarirnana. Hari n'abanyarwanda baba mu

mahanga nka Dr Shimamungu Eugene, na Profeseri Munyakazi Leopold, bornbi birirwa

bigisha amahanga ko rnu Rwanda nta Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yigeze ikorwa. Abo bose

basakaza ingengabitekerezo yabo bakoresheje ibitabo, ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame, na internet.

Gukora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside ni ngornbwa bukanatangazwa, rnu nyandiko ngufi, mu

bitabo, ndetse no kuri internet. Nkuko byagaragaye rnu bushakashatsi bunyuranye,

ingengabitekerezo ikorwa hifashishijwe ibitabo, inyandiko mu itangazamakuru n'ibiganiro

mbwirwaruhame. Kurwanya ibikorwa nk'ibi bisaba ko haboneka ibindi bitabo n'inyandiko

bibeshyuza ibivugwa n'abapfobya Jenoside, Hagamijwe guhangana n'abapfobya jenoside

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bakoresheje inyandiko n'itangazamakuru, abanyarwanda nabo bakwiye kwandika ibitabo

birwanya guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bikandikwa mu ndimi zikoreshwa

cyane ku isi kandi bigakwirakwizwa mu mahanga yose ku buryo bigera ku bantu benshi

bashoboka uhereye muri za kaminuza, amashuri makuru, Imiryango mpuzamahanga n'ahandi.

Muri uyu mwaka wa 2016, Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside yateguye kandi

yoherereza amabwiriza yo gukora ubushakashatsi iyashyikiriza za Minisitiri n'ibigo

bizishamikiyeho, Uturere, ibigo byigenga, cyane cyane ibyariho muri 1994. Ubu bushakashatsi

nibukorwa neza amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi azarushaho kumenyekana yifashishwe

mu kuvuga ukuri kwayo no kunyomoza abahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ni ngombwa gutanga amakuru ku bikenewe kwandikwaho, bikigishwa mu Rwanda no mu

mahanga.

11.3.2 Ubutabera

Ibi bizagerwaho ari uko habaye ubufatanye hagati y'inzego zinyuranye, hakorwe isesengurwa

ry'ireme ry'ubwo bushakashatsi n'umusanzu butanga mu guhangana na Jenoside

n'ingegabitekerezo yayo. Ubufatanye bw'amashuri makuru na za Kaminuza n'ibigo

by'ubushakashatsi byo hanze mu kumenyekanisha ukuri, gutegura ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame mu

mahanga mu kugaragariza amahanga ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, ni bimwe mu

bizakoreshwa mu guhangana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Byaragaragaye ko bimwe mu bihugu by'iburayi, cyane cyane Ubufaransa, bikoresha ubutabera

mu nyungu za politiki hagamijwe kugoreka amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Abacamanza b'abahezanguni babiri, Jean-Louis Bruguiere w'Umufaransa na Fernando Andreu

Merelles w'Umwespanyolo, ntibatinye gushyira icyaha ku bahagaritse Jenoside, bakanarokora

abantu. Ibi nibwo bwa mbere byabaye mu mateka y'isi, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe

Abayahudi. Ibi ru ibyo kwamaganwa, imitekerereze nk'iyi igahinduka, ubutabera

mpuzamahanga ndetse n'ubwa buri gihugu, bugashingira ku rnategeko aho gushingira ku nyungu

za politiki.

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Ibi tunabisanga mu rukiko mpanabyaha mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR) aho

rwakunze guha ijambo abo rwitanga inzobere, hamwe n'abunganiraga abajenosideri, rubaha

umwanya wo gukwirakwiza ingegabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ibi byanabaye intandaro yo kugira

abere ba ruharwa bazwi mu bateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nka

Protais Zigiranyirazo wari perefe wa Ruhengeri, Jerome Bieamumpaka wari Minisitiri

w'ububanyi n'amahanga, Andre Ntagerura wari Minisitiri w'itumanaho no gutwara abantu,

Casimiri Bizimungu wari Minisitiri w'ubuzima, Justin Mugenzi wari Minisitiri w'inganda,

Prosper Mugiraneza wari Minisitiri w'umurimo, Emmanuel Bagambiki wari Perefe wa

Cyangugu, n'abandi.

Jenoside ni ieyaha ndengakamere eyibasira inyoko muntu, ariko ibihugu bimwe ntibiha agaeiro

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuko bieumbikira abayikoze, bikanga no kubaeira imanza eyangwa

kubohereza mu Rwanda. Ikindi ni ugusaba ibihugu dufitanye umubano gushyira umukono ku

masezerano yo guhererekanya abakekweho ieyaha eya Jenoside, ihakana n'ipfobya ryayo.

Umuryango w'Abibumbye mu mwanzuro 2150 (2014) wo ku wa 16 Mata 2014 w'Akanama

gashinzwe amahoro ku isi wamaganye abahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi unasaba ibihugu

biwugize gushyiraho gahunda z'uburezi zikumira ibyo byaha. Ni muri urwo rwego Leta y' u

Rwanda ikomeje gusaba ibihugu bitarashyira mu mategeko yabyo Itegeko rihana ieyaha eya

Jenoside, Ipfobya, n'ihakana ryayo kubyihutisha kuko icyaha eya Jenoside kitagira imipaka.

11.3.3Itangazamakuru

Itangazamakuru ni umuyoboro ufite uruhare runini mu kugaragaza ukuri kuri Jenoside ndetse no

guhangana n'ingaruka zayo. Ariko itangazamakuru na none rikoreshwa n'abakwirakwiza

ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, nk'uko byagaragaye mu myaka ishize, muri Film ya Jane Corbin,

Rwanda's Untold Story, aho yakusanije abasanzwe bazwiho gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya

Jenoside maze akabaha urubuga rwo gukwiza ibinyoma kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no

kuyipfobya no kuyihakana.

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Hari n'abitwaza uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo umuntu ashatse kugira ngo bashyire

ahagaragara ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo umuntu ashaka

bugira aho bugarukira cyane cyane iyo bubangamiye uburenganzira bw' abandi bantu. Guha

ijambo abakoze Jenoside cyangwa ababavugira ni ugupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi,

nk'uko byagenze igihe umunyamakuru w'umwongereza (ITV News) yasanze KAMBANDA

Jean wari Minisitiri w'Intebe wa Leta yakoze Jenoside agahabwa urubuga rwo kuvuga ko ari

umwere, kandi ubwe yariyemereye mu Rukiko rw' Arusha muri 1998 ko we na Leta yayoboraga

aribo bateguye kandi bashyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside wo kurimbura Abatutsi bose

bo mu Rwanda.

Urubyiruko rw'u Rwanda n'abandi Banyarwanda bagomba kwifashisha ikoranabuhanga

rigezweho mu kumenyekanisha ukuri kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, no kunyomoza

ibyandikwa bivuga ibinyoma ku Rwanda.

11.3.4 Ububanyi n'amahanga

U Rwanda ruzakomeza gusaba ibindi bihugu gushyiraho amategeko ahana icyaha cy'ipfobya

n'ihakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ni ngombwa kandi gushimangira ko kurwanya

jenoside n'ingengabitekerezo yayo ari imwe mu nkingi ikomeye yo kubangubanga amateka

y'Igihugu cyacu, bityo n' Abanyarwanda baba mu mahanga bakaba bagomba kugira uruhare mu

kuyirwanya.

Abanyarwanda bose bagomba kwamagana imiryango mpuzamahanga, harimo n'ifite amashami

mu Rwanda, irangwa n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Abanyarwanda kandi ntibagomba kuba

igikoresho cy'abaterankunga bo hanze bagamije kwimakaza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

III. AHO U RWANDA RUGEZE RUHANGANA N'INGENGABITEKEREZO YA

JENOSIDE

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Kuva muri 1995, ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yagiye igabanuka kugeza ubu. Nk'ukobyagaragajwe n'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komiyo y'Ubumwe n'Ubwiyunge, abantu benshibagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hafi 83 % basabye imbabazi, bemera uruharerwabo, bagaragaza ko bashyigikiye gahunda zose zo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.Hafi 85% by'abanyarwanda biyemerera ko bagize ubutwari bwo kwiyunga n'ababagiriye nabi.(Rwanda reconciliation barometer, October 2010, Komisiyo y'Ubumwe n'Ubwiyunge).Na none mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside,ingengabitekerezo yagiye igabanuka kuva muri 1995 kugera ubu ku gipimo cya 83.9%. Ahoingengabitekerezo isigaye ni hake, ku gipimo kiri hasi ya 10%. (etat de l'ideologie du genocideau Rwanda: 1995-2015, Kigali 2016).

Nta washidikanya ko uku kugabanuka kw'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bishingiye kurigahunda nziza za Leta zigera ku banyarwanda bose. Leta y'u Rwanda ikomeje gushimangiraihame ry'ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda kugirango umuryango nyarwanda ukomeze kurangwa nogukunda igihugu no guharanira inyungu z'u Rwanda n' Abanyarwanda.

Leta y'Ubumwe yagaraje ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa, twavuga ubutabera bwunga, gushyirahoamategeko abereye abanyarwanda, iterambere rigera kuri bose, n'umutekano usesuye. Ibibyakozwe n'abanyarwanda barangajwe imbere n'Umukuru w'Igihugu, Paul Kagame uhoraushakira abanyarwanda icyabateza imbere. Ibi ni nabyo bituma u Rwanda ruba igihugucy'icyitegererezo muri Africa no ku isi hose. Ni ngombwa ko gahunda nziza zose zikomeza, burimunyarwanda akazishyigikira, ubu no mu gihe kiri imbere. Uyu ni umurage mwiza dukwiyekuzaraga igihugu cyacu n'abazadukomokaho

Umusozo

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ni ikintu kibi kimunga imibanire y'abantu, kuko iba ishingiye

kuri Jenoside. Abakoze Jenoside cyangwa se inshuti zabo ni nabo bakomeza gukongeza iyo

ngengabitekerezo bizeyeko umunsi umwe bazasubirana imbaraga zo kongera gukora Jenoside.

Nyamara, uretse gutsemba abantu no gusenya igihugu nta kindi Jenoside n'ingengabitekerezo

yayo byamariye abayikoze cyangwa se bagikongeza iyo ngengabitekerezo.

Politiki mbi ishingiye ku ngengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yasenye u Rwanda, Abanyarwanda

bagomba kwimakaza politiki ishingiye ku miyoborere myiza aho buri wese afite amahirwe

angana n'ay'undi mu kwiteza imbere no guteza imbere Igihugu.

Kwamagana ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, ni ugushyigikira gahunda za Leta zose ziganisha

Igihugu aheza, no kubaka ubumwe n'ubwiyunge bushingiye ku bunyarwanda.

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