INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOBIOLOGY Apocalypse from the Study on Antibody Institute for Immunobiology Department of Immunology Center for Gene Immunization and Vaccine Research Fudan University or or Shanghai, China 1498 Pandora and her box 618 (1884) Edward Jenner, Sarah Nelmes, Joseph Meister and his mother "Getting the jab." Jenner inoculated an 8 year old boy James Phipps with cowpox on May The boy died of TB at 21. Louis Pasteur ( ) 1880 Vaccine 1881 Vaccine to Anthrax 1885 Vaccine to Rabies Robert Koch ( ) M. Tuberculosis Koch Phenomenon 1905 "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis" How does vaccine work ??? Paul Ehrlich ( ) Elie Metchnikoff ( ) 1908 "in recognition of their work on immunity" 1888Roux/Yersin Diphtheria toxin 1890Behring/KitasatoSerum therapy Emil Adolf von Behring Marburg University Marburg, Germany "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths" The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901 1897EhrlichHumoral immunity Rodney R. Porter 1917Liverpool U. 1946Cambridge U. 1972Nobel Prize 1985 110KD: Antibody:Fab Fc Single chain Gerald M. Edelman 1929 1950 1954 1957 Antibody:H L H Ab L Ab Anti-H Anti-L Fab + + Fc + - 1 H 2 L 2 450aa, Mr.5X10 4, ( ) 214aa, Mr.2.5X10 4, ( 2 (Variable region, V H /V L, Fv) (Constant region, C H /C L ) (Hinge region)CH 1 -CH 2 , 30aa,2-5 3 (papain) Fab Fc (pepsin) F(ab) 2 2XFab pFc The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies Gerald M. EdelmanRodney R. Porter Csar Milstein Csar Milstein Argentina and United Kingdom MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, United Kingdom b (in Bahia Blanca, Argentina) d. 2002 Federal Republic of Germany Basel Institute for Immunology Basel, Switzerland b d Georges J.F. Khler for the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies Csar Milstein Csar Milstein Georges J.F. Khler the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1984 P. Ehrlich P. Ehrlich Side-chain theory Clonal selection Sir FM Burnet ( ) The Self-Nonself Model Burnets original model each lymphocyte expresss mutiple copies of a single surface receptor specific for a foreign entity. signaling through this surface antibody initiates the immune response. the self-reactive lymphocytes are deleted early in life "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity" Susumu Tonegawa (1939-), MIT The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984 for theories concerning the specificity in development Niels K. Jerne T 1 23 Classic experiment of Zinkernagel and Doherty demonstrating that Ag recognition by T cells exhibits MHC restriction Clonal selection Altered-self modelDual receptor model Identifying and cloning the TCR genes The T-cell receptor resembles a membrane-bound Fab fragment for their discoveries concerning "the specificity of the cell mediated immune defense Peter C. Doherty Rolf M. Zinkernagel the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1984