Instructions for use

Title Pushkin and the Classics

Author(s) Kimura, Shoichi

Citation 北海道大學文學部紀要, 4, 161-131

Issue Date 1955

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/33228

Type bulletin (article)

File Information 4_PL161-131.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

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Ho K B!1prHJIHID-311HKY OH O'l'HeCC.R: HeCKO'JIbKO !-matte. IIpaB,n;a, 113 "rOpO,ll.Ka" MN 3HaeM, ttTO B JIHIJ,eAcKHe rO,ll;H "3HeH,ll,a" CTORJIa y Hero Ha KHHJKHOA nOJIKe p.a:,Il;OM C "MJIHa,n;OH" H "OCBo60lt,ll;eHHbIM MepycaJIHMOM", He,ll;a..ueKO 0'1' ero JII06HM~a, "n03Ta B n03Tax .. nep-1301"0" --- BOJIbTepa(3).Ho y'fti.e B OTpblBKe rr03Mbl "Eo:aa"(1815) r.) OH aHIDeT HpOHHQeCKH 06 BBTope "3HeH,ll.bl", ttTO OH "Ql1TBJI H nepel.l:HTblBaJI" "HecpBBH8HHoro BHprI1JIHR", He CTapa.fICb, O;:l,HBKO, "rrO.l4paxaTh eMY B He:lKHblX ttYBCTBax H rapMOHHH"(4). B CTHXOTBO­p8HHH "EaTIDmKOBY" (1815 r.) ilymKHH 3aRBJIReT ,liTO OH He XOtteT, B no,n;pamaHHe BHprMJIHID, oaTh "npH 3BYKax .lIMp BoAHbl KpoBaBblA· MHP" (5). 0 TOM I ttTO ilymKvm: Bo06me He qy:a.CTBOBaJI B ce6e oxo­TbI nHcaTb repOHqeCKH8 :UOGMbl B ,n;yxe. rOMepa H BHprHJII1.fI I 6Y,ll,eT

- 153-

jynoMEHYTO nOCJIO, B CBR:'.Hi' C oro OTHomOHHeM K rOMOPY, HO 3,I4eC'b HyJKHO OTMeTHTh p 4TO I1YDlKHH, H3 ,I4BYX BOJIHKHX ::mHK013 ,I4pOBHOro

10

~.mpa, ropa3,n;0 6oJIoe Y13al<aJI rOMopa 4eM BHprrfJIHR, C4HTaR noc- 7"

JIe,n;He 1"0 tt rrO,I4paJKaTeJIeM" (6), H Ha3blBaE ero HpOlil14eCKH "4aXOTO- ~ t.tHblM OTll;OM HOMHoro TOIl\e~ 3Herf,n;bl"(13 CTHXOT130POHHH "A.JI.,ILaBbl,n;o- "f­

BY" 1824 r.)(7)~ • ~ B GTOM CTHxoTBopeHHH I1ymKHH CCblJIaeTCR TaKJKe Ha HMR ropa- ~

gHE. Kor,n;a BHprJIH~ ~

ilYCKaJICR B Mope HaKOHell;, EMY rOpall;HH, YMHblH JIbCTeU, IIpHcJIaJI TOpJKeCTBeHHYIO oAY, r,n;e ,n;py ry ABrYCTOB rreBell; CYJIHJI xopomyro noro,I4Y. Ho JIhCTHBblX 0,I4 R He llHmy H.T.,n;.

)3TO MOCTO HaBe~HoTIymKHHY O,n;HOH H3 rOpall;HeBhlx o.n;(KHHra1, o.n;a3 ). rOpall;HR I1YDlKHH 04eHb JII06HJI, 4HTaH ero E PYCCKOM H ~paHUY-

3CKHX nepoBo,n;ax, a TaK:«e B OpHI'HHaJIo(8). HaCKOJIbKO rJIy6oKo OB rrOHHMaJI CYII\HOCTh fopall;HOBblx 0.14, BH,n;HO H3,ero 6,I4eCTEII\erO rrepeBO,I4a O.14bl "K I1oMneIO Bapy" ( KHHI'a1, 0.14a7) ;"KTO H3 601"0:8 MHe B03BpaTHJI"(9). '

",,' KaK H3BecTHo» 3Ta o,n;a nOCB.fIII\eHa rOpaIl;HeM CBoeMY ,n;pyry, iloMnem Bapy. C KOTOPblM OH, 13 BOHQKax EpYTa, Y4aCT130BaJI 13 6H­TBe rrpH~H~Hnnax, OKOH4HBmeHC.fI nOpaJKeHHeM EpYTa H noCle,n;OH AB­rYCTa. TIoCJIe GTOH6HTBbl 1l0Mneit Bap el!.\6 rrpo,n;OJIJKaJI Y4aCT130BaTb 13 60Pb6e rrpOTHB ABI'YCTa, HO BnOCJIe~CTBHH 6hlJI aMHHCTHpOBaH. BOT rr04eMY B O,lJ;6 I orrHCblBalOII\el1 CBOIO pa.n;ocTh npH BCTpet.{e co CBOH~ ,n;pyroM, rOpaIl;HH CTapaJICR nepeYBeJIHt.tHBaTb CBOIO TPYCOCTb: GTHM OH XOTeJI CMRr411Th Bneqa'I'JIeHl1e', KOTopoe 3TOT onacHblH cro-'~eT Mo~eT npoH3BeCTH Ha ADrYCTa. .

Tbl nOMHHDlb 4ac y~acHhl~ 6HT~~, KorAa R, TpeneTHblii KBHPHT: Be~aJI, HeqeCTHO 6pOCR II\HT, TBOPR 06eTbl H MOJIHTBbl? KaK R 60RJICR! KaK 6e:«aJI!(10)

I1ymKHH, HaXO,I4RCh rro,I4 rHeTOM HMKOJIaeBCl<Ol'O pe~HMa I xopomo nOHHMaJI "XHTPOCTb" PHMCKOl'O nOGTa, KOTOPOMY TaK:«e cy:«,ll;eHO ClbLlIO .lKHTb H TBOPHTb no,n; KOBapHblM HMnepaTopoM. B Ha6poCKax nOBeCTH 113 . .lIpeBHepHMKoH :«H3HH, YCJIOBHO 0603Hat.taeMblX "Ue3aph rrYTeDleCTBOBaJI"(11), I1YDlKMH Il;HTHpyeT 3TY o,n;y H BJIaraeT B YC­Ta I1eTpoHHR CJIeAYIOll\He CJIOBa ! "XHTPblit CTUXOTBopeu XOTeJI pacc­MeDlHTb A13ryc~a H MecieHaTa CBoeIO.TpYCOCThIO, t.tT06 He. HanOMHMTb HM 0 CnO.14BHJKHMKe KaCCHR H EpYTa" ( 12) • .

ConOCTaBJIRR nepeBO,I4 I1yDlKHHa C nO.14JIHHHKOM, Ubl HaXO.14HM, 4TO 3'1.'0 He RBJIReTCR .140CJIOB~blM,TO~H~M ,n;O .n;eTaJIeit rrepeBO~OM: pa3Mep pa3JIM4E'H (13) J 13 TpeTbei1 cTpocpe BBe.14eH o6pa3 MaJI.ht.tH­Ka p npHCJIy~HHKa rrHpa,KoToporo HeT B no,n;JIHHHHKe; H B TpaKTo­BKe ,n;eTaJIeit, TIYWKHH ,ll;OBOJIbHO CB06oAHO OTHOCHTCR K rOpaIl;HeBNM

- 152 ~

11

06opOTaM peqa. HO npH BceM TOM, He~h3R He riPH3~BTb, t{TO 3TO 6~ecTRIIlHi1 nO),(~IH' IIymKHHB-nepe:s0),(t.jMK8 ,H60 npe~eCTb M CMJIa t "~YX!O fOpaL\He BblX CTHXOD rrepe~aHbl 3AeCb KaK H.eJIb3R JIyqme. Ee­JIHHCKHI UHmeT BOCXMmeHHblM TOHOM 06 3TOM CTMxoTBopeHHM: "--­HHKTO HM 83 CTapblX, HM M3 .HOBblX PYCCKHX nepeBOAqHKOB H no~pa­)l(aTeJIel fopaUHR.H8 rOBOpHJI TaKHM TopaUHBHCKHM RaNKOM M CKJIa­AOM M TaR BepH9 He nepe).(BBaJI MHAMBH).(yBJIbHOrO xBpaKTepa ropa­i-\MaHCKO~ n0331111, KaK rIymKHH B 3TOM ubece, K TOMY lKe H HanH­caHHolnpeKpacHblMM CTHxaMH. MOKHO JIH He CJIbImaTb B HHX )!cHBoro fopar.U!R? ••• B GTOM CTI1XOTBOpe HIm BHAHa XY,1{OlKHHqeCKaR cnoco-6HOCTh IIymKHHa CB060AHO nepeHOCHTbCR BO Bce ccpepbI :lKH3HH, BO BCe BeKa H CTpaHbl, BMAeH TOT IIymKMH, KOTOPbl~, UpH KOHue CBO­ero nOnpMll1a, HeCKOJIbKMMH TepUMHBMH B ~xe .II:aH'I'OBOI "Eo)!CeCTBe­HHoA KoueAMH" D03HaKOMHJI PYCCKHX C .II:aHTou 60JIbme, qey YOrJIH ObI 3TO C,1{eJIaTb BceB03MO)l(Hble nepeBO~qHRH ••• "(14).

Kp'oMe OAb! "K I1oMTIeIO Bapy", I1YWKl1H HaqaJI nepeBO,1{HTb (npe~­nOJIO)l(HTeJIhHO B 1835 I'.) elX\e o)i;y fopaUHR : "K MeTI;eHaTY" ( KHHra 1, o~a 1») HO ITepeBO~ OCTaJICR B qepHOBHKe B 1.2 cTpoKax (15). JDl11'pa<pb! B3RJI IlymKI1H H3 fOpau;HR ,ll;BaJK,ll;b! : KO BTOPOH I'JIa­Be "EBHeHHR OHerHHa"(16) -~-"O rusl " .113 "CaTHp" fopa~HR(17) (KH.II» CB'l'.VI I CT.60), !1 K CTHXOTBopeHHIO tin naMRTHHK ceele B03.n;Bl1r" (18) ___ " Exegl monumentum "H3 "O.n;" (KHHra II I , o~a XIII). 113BBCTHO I qTO I1ymKHHcKHH "IlaMRTHHK" TIOJIyqHJI CBoe OCHOBHOA TOH H3 3TOA 3HaMeHHToft O,ll;bI fopaUHR.

113 PHMCKI1X JIi1PYlKOB HaM OCTaeTCR ynoMHHaTb eII\e 0 ,ll;ByY. : 0 TH6yJIJIe H 0 KaTYJIJIe. Hac'qeT .'J'H6.:LJI.l1.2.1 )J.OCTaTOt.{HO OTMeTHTb,

,qTO B CTHXOTEopeHHRX, HaDHCBHHbIX IlymKHHNM B 10-e H 20-e rb~g. OH YTIOMHHaeTCR HCKJIIOQHT8JIbHO KaK n03T HeEBOH JII06BH B pOAe IlapHH. TaK, 13 CTHxOTBOpeEl'!11 "EE1T.lOffiKOBy"(1815 r.), oTKa3blBaRcb, KaK MbI BH~e.l1H, cie)J.OBaTb 3a BHprHJIH8M, ITyWKHH nHmeT, qTO OH I1TH6yJI.JlOMOI{pel)~eH" "rro8ToM ••• BbIPOC" (19). B CTHxoTBopeHHH "JlI06oBb O.D;Ha - BeC8Jlb8 )l(H3HH XJla.D;HoH" (1816 r'.), IIywKHH o6pa­~aeTcR K "TIeBuaU JIID6BH" : "HaCJIe~HHKK T~QyJIJla H IlapHH"(20). B CTHxoTBopeHHH, nOCBHmeHHOM KH.XoBaHcKoA(1824 1'.?), "60r'OM I1apHH, 'JiM6YJI.lIa, l\1ypa" Ha3blBaeTCH AMyp(21). HBKoHe~, B CTMXO­TBopeHHH "ffiHmKoBY", M~ t{HTaeM 0 "uoMecTbe MHPHOM Me)l( rIHH,ll;OM H UH~epOn, r',ll;e He)l(H.lICH TH6yJlJI r MeJIeUKHH H IlapHH"(22). Bo06-11\e xapaKTepHo, tlTO B qeTblpeX CTHxoTBopeHHRx, L\MTupOBaHHblx Ha­MH, HUR TM6ynna ~H1'ypHpyeT TPHE~bI PR~OM C HueHeM I1apHH.

I1ymKMH, KaK EaMpoR H fethI0. BblCOKO L\eHI1JI Ka'1'y~J!a, H qHTaJI ero B JIaTHHCKOM no~nKHHHKe(23). B 1836 r. OH rrHmeT : "HCKP­eHRoeTb AparoueHHB B nOGTe", H B KaqeCTBe npHMepoB CCblJIaeTCR Ha XMeHa KaTyJI~a, r'peGce H BOJIhTepa(24). B 1832 r., IlymKMH nepeB8JIXXVII -YIO Decaro KaTynna, ~3RB TpH aaqaJIbHblX CJlOB~ ne­PBOM CTPOKH B KatteCTBB 3TIMrpacpa:Hinister ·uetuli puer. rIpo 3TOT nepeBO;1l;, 03arJIaBJIeHHblH "~1aJIbqJ1Ky" (25) p EeJlHHCKHI 3a­

MetlaeT, tlTO OH He AOCTOHHCTBOM " (26)

rrpOCJlaBJIeHMe

OTJIHttaeTCR "oco6eHHbIM n03TRqeCKHM MO)l(eT 6biTb, caM cro)l(eT ee

3HaueHHToro ¢aJIepHCKOro BH-

- 151 -

Ha --- Ka3a.uCR eMY CJlHlllKOM 'He3aTei-blHBbIM; BO BCRKOM CJIyqae, TyT BHHOBaT He nepeBO~, KOTOPbI~ He TOJIbKO ~OBOJIbHO 6JlH30K K nO~JlHHHHKy(27) i HO H nepe~aeT ero npeJIeCTb KaK HeJIb3R JIyqme.

12

HeMy~peHo, qTO TIYIDKHH, O,JJ,apeHHbI~ 3aMeGaTeJIbHhIM TaJIaHTOM CaTHpl1Ka, nHTaJI HeMaJIYlO CHMnaTHIO K KlBeHaJIY, BeJIHGai:tmeMY caTH­pHKy ,JJ,peBHero PHMa. E~e B ]H~ee OR C BOCXHmeHH8M GHTaJI caTH­phI IOBeHaJIa, H BJIH.FIHHe nOCJle~HerO Ha6mo,1l,aeTCfJ:. B O,JJ,HOM H3 aa­MeqaTeJIbHhIX CTHXOTBopeHH~ JlH~eAcKO~ nophI --- "]H~HHHlO"(1815 r.), B KOTOPOM, B 58-M CTHxe, ynoMHHaeTCR caM IDBeHaJI, PR,JJ,OM * C TIeTpoHHeM( 28). BceM 113BeCTHO I GTO EBremdi OHerHH JII06Ji1JI "no- tt TOJIKOBaTh 0 IOBeHaJIe"(29). Boo6me TIymKHH ,JJ,OBOJIbHO GaCTO Ha3bI­BaeT ero B CBOHX npoH3Be,JJ,eHI1Rx. TIo,JJ, KOHeu cBoeH ~H3HH, ( B 1836 r. ?), TIymKHH HaqaJl nepeBo,JJ,HTh X-yIO caTHpy IOBeHaJIa( Om­nibus in terris ) I no npoch6e KH.K03JlOBCKOro p 60JlbIDOrO JIlO-6HTeJIR PHMCKHX KJIaCCHKOB, HO cOxpaHHJlCR JIHmh ,JJ,aJIeKO He OT,JJ,e­JIaHHbIH BOJIbHhIH nepeBO,JJ, CTHXOB 1 - 4 H 188 - 195 (30).

4TO KacaeTCR ,JJ,O JIaTHHCKHX ~o3a.HKoB(31 ) I CJIe,JJ,yeT OTMeTH­Th, GTO TIymKHH B 1825 r' l HaXO,JJ,RCb B MHXaAJlOBCKOM, C cepbe3-HhIM BHHMaHH8M GHTaJI "]eToDHCb"(Annales ) TaUHTa, H DJIO,JJ,OM 3Toro GTeHHR RBJIReTCR ero "3aMeqaHHR Ha "AHHBJIhl" Ta~HTa" I

KBcaro~HecR, BnpOGeM, TonbKO 1-oA KHHrM "AHHaAoa". KaK H3BeCT­HO , Y I1ymKI1HB Ha6JIlo,n;aeTcR lKHBOti l1HTepeC K HSll,HOHBJIbHOti 11 MHPOBOti HCTOp'Ul a'a BceM npoTRlK8HMI1 ero lKI13HH I M 06 3'rOM HHTe'­pece cBI1,JJ,eTe~bcTByIOT KaK pR,JJ, 06pa30B E ero xY,JJ,olKecTBeHHNx npOH3 Be,JJ,8 HH.FIX ~ ClOlKeThI KOTOPNX B3HTbl 113 HCTOP,U!, --- 06pa3bI TIyra4eBa I EOPI1CB fo.n;YHOBa I fIeTpa BeJlllIwro 9 MaaenbI, HanOJIeOHa H ,JJ,p. ---, TaR H CTporo HCTOpMqeCKHe HCCJIe,JJ,OBBHHR RpO,JJ,e "Hc­TOpHH TIyraqenCKOro 6YHTa", HJIH lKe MHor04HCA8HHNe KpaTKHe 3a­MeTKH HCTOPH48CKoro H nonHTH4eCKoro xapaKTepa.

HHTepec TIymKHHB K I1CTOPHH, no MHeSHlO H.~l1pCOBB, HMeJI O,JJ,­HO xapaKTepHoe HanpSBJIeHHe: OH Bcer.n;a ~106MJI OCTaHaBJIHBBTbCR Ha "3noxax 60Pb6bI 11 BeJII1KHX HSPO,n;HNX ,L\Bl1lK8H!1k!" 11 npJil TOM " Ha nepBOM nJl~He CTaSI1JI •••• B KaKOM-JIH60 OTHomeHHH repOl1qe­CKylO ~I1GHOCTh, KOTopa~ TaK I1JIH I1Haqe HBnpRBJIRJIa I1JII1 .n;axe CO-3,n;aBBJIa C06bITI1R, ,JJ,aEaJl8. TOT I1.lH1 ,JJ,py rOf! CMbICJI '3noxe" (32) • HTaK, H llpl1 113Y4eHl1H TaUI1Ta, MbICJlH ero Bpa~aJIHCh OKOJIO O,JJ,HOH aaMeGaTeJIbHOA JIl14HOCTH PHMCKOH HCTOPI1H --- TH6epHR. 0 HeM iKe, rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M, TpaKTyeT I1ymKI1H B "3aMeqSHI1RX Ha aHHaJIbI Ta-ll,HTa".

"AHHaJIN" lmTaJI fIymKHH BO <ppaHuY3cKoM nepeBo,JJ,e ,ll,lOpO ,JJ,e-JIaMaJI.Jl.b ( Durrea u de Lamalle ) I Ha.neT..laTaHHOM PR,JJ,OM C JIaTHHCKMM TeKcToM(33). qTO TIymKHH He OqeHb BHHMaTeJIbHO pacc­MBTpHBa.Jl. JIaTHHCKHH opHrHH8,JI, BH,JJ,RO 1i3 Toro, qTO OH HHor,JJ,a He aaMeGaJI HeTOT..lHOCTH t1JpaHUY3CKoro nepeBo,n;a. HanpHMep B ItA.HHa­JIax" 0 nOCTYilKe Tl16e pl1R C IOJIHBti J ,JJ,otiephKl ABrYCTa I CKa3aHO, It inopia ae tabe longa peremit " GTO nepeBe~eHo no

t1JpaHll,Y3cKH: " 18 fit p~rir lentement de misers et de fain " (34). TIymKHH I He 3aMeqaR I 4TO B OpMrl1HaJIe He fames (rOJIo,JJ,), a ,tabes (I1CTO~eHHe) I nHmeT: "IQ,nHR ••• yMHpaeT ••• He OT HH­meThI H rOJIo,JJ,a, KaK IlHmeT TaUHT --- rOJIO,JJ,OM MO~HO 3aMopHTb B TlOpbMe"(35) "

- 15Q-

31

TH6epHit npHBJIeKaJIHBHHMaHHe Gym'KHHa, M6lK)(y npOt{HM, Ka.t<: npeTeH~eHT Ha npeCTOJI. 3aKOHRH~ H HeSaKoHHHit npeTeH~eHT --­CmeT, BCer~a 3aHHMasmHi:i TIymKHHa. 3'1'0 Cih1JIO crolKeTOMJIHneitcKo-1"0 oTpHBKa n03MH "BoBa"(36), a TaKlK8 ~paMH "BopHca rO)(YHOBa.", Ha~ KOTOpO~, KaK H3B8CTHO, I1ymKHH pa60TaJI KaK pas B 1825 r. l1syt.{aR TanH'l'a, OH SaMeTHJI, t{TO KpoMe THCiepHii, 6HJI eme.;1l;pyroit npeTeH~eHT Ha npeCTOJI --- ArpHnna I10CTYM, pO~HOj:i BRyK ABryc­Ta. I1ymKHHY KaSaJIOCb, t{TO aTOT t{6JIOBeK elHJI OOJIe'e 3aKOHHlXM npeTeH,n;eHTOM Ha npeCTOJI,t.teM THelepH~, paBHO KaK Hero onaCHbIM KOHKypeRToM, nOCKOJIhKY OR IIHpaBHJICii qepHH HeOC)blt!:anHoro CHJIOIO, , ~ep30cTbro H ~alKe npOCTOTOlO YMa"./tiTaKOBbI JIIO~HIt, npo,n;OJI}l(aeT I1ymKHH, "Bcer..n:a MoryT HMeTh 60JlbmOe t{HCJIO npHBeplKeHneB --­HJIH c)!,eJIaTECii 0PY,IVfeM XHTporo MRTelKHHKa" (37). BOT nOt!:eMY, no MHeHHIO I1ymKHHa, TH6epH~ YMepTBHJI ero BCKope nOCJIe BCTyn.neHHR Ha npeCTOJI. 3ToHHTepecHoe saMet.{~HHe, CBH.n;eTeJIbCTByromee He CTOJIbKO 0 TOQHOM 3HaHHH PHMCKOI HCTOpHH(38),CKOJIbKO 0 ero r~ydoKoM nOHHMaHHH THna HeKOTOp~X npeTeH,l\eHTOB. HeCOMH9HHO, OH HameJI CTpaHHoe CXO,l\CTBO xapaKTepa Me}lt,IJ;Y IIOCTYMOM ATpHnno~ H J11l6 )!,HMHTpHe M •

AaJIee, KaCaTeJIbHO POJIH THOepHR B xo.n;e YKpenJIeHHR B~aCTH HMnepaTopa J OH OHmeT: "I1epBoe ,lIeitcTBHe T,H6€lpHeBoi!: B~aCTH €lCTh YHHt{TOll€lHH6 Hapo.n;HHx C06P~Hliii Ha MapCOBOM nOJle --- CJie­.n;CTB€lHHO, H .n;OBepmeHHe YHHttTO)KeHHR pecrryClJIHKH. Hapo,l\ ponm.eT. CeHaT OXOTHO COI'JIamaeTCR (TeHh npaBJi6HHR n€lp€lHeceHa B C9HI;l.T)" (39).

3Ha'4HT, GymKHH MeTKO 3aMeTHJr y GTO 'rI8Jte HHIO PHMCKOH pecny-6JlHKH co.n;eHcTBa.uo HCTOpHGeCKH CJlO)lHBmeeCH paBHo,n;ymHe H B Ha- , po)!,e H B ceHaTe. BOOelme TaKol no)1.XO,ll K HCTOPkUf, cTapaHHe 06-'eKTHBHO H KpHTHt{ecKH nOHiiTh HeH36ellHHH XO,l\ HCTOPHH --- xapa­KTepHble GepTbl, KOTOPblMH OTJIHttalOTCR erOHCTOpH'leCKHe Hcc~e.lO­

:aaHHR H saMeTKH~ 11 K caMoMY TH6epHIo, 3TOMY "YHHGTOllHTeJrro" pecny6JIHKH, OH

OTHOCHTCii 60JIee 06 'eKTHBHo, "!eM HeMHoro npHCTpaCTHI:dt TaUHT, 3TOT"6H'l{ THpaHo:altno CJrOBaM IIymKMHa(40). OH OT)!,aeT cnpaBe­,AJIHBOCTh CIloco6HOCTH ero, KaK MOHapxa H npaBHTeJIii. B' OHChMe K A.A.,neJIbBHry 0"[' 23 'U6JrR 1825 r •• OH IIHmeT : ,"4eM 60JIee tlHTaIO TanHTa TeM OOJIee MHPIOCb c THOe pHeM. OH' 6blJl O)l,HH 11S BeJIHGaHillHX rocy)!,apcTBeHHNx YMOB ApeBHOCTH --- "(41). B 3TOM npH3HaHHH BeJIHGHH TH6epHii OH npe,llmec!J'BoBaJI nepeor(eHKe nOCJIS,-.n;Hero HOBelmHMH HccJ1e,llOBaTeJIRMH HCTOPI-m(42). '

ttacThIO HS Tex lKe "AHHa.uOB" Ta~HTa, t{aCTblO H3 "CaTHpHKO­Ha" I1eTpOHHii(43) E3RTh! MaTepHaJIh! OTPblBKOB no:secTH, Ha3bIBaeMhlX "[{e3ap,h nYTemeCTBOBaJI"(1835 1'.)(44). ITeTpOH.HeM, 8"['HM npH.n;BOp-­HblM HepoHa,apHcToKpaToM, n08TOM, 3nHKypei!:~eM C YTOHQeHHblM BKyCOM, nymKHH HHTepeCOBaJICR, :eepOiiTHO, no npH4HHe RBBoro CXO.Jl,CTBa ero CY.Jl,bObl co CBoe~ co6CTBeHHO~. H ITymKHH Sa.lYMaJI nOBeCTh HS, aHTHt{Horo MHpa, B KOTOpO~ )l,OJIX9H dblJl BblcTynaTh I1eTpoHHit KaK repoit H paCCYlKAaTh 0 pa3Hblx qJHJIOCO<l>CKHX Bonpocax --- "0 na,leHHH GeJrOBeKa, 0 na,leHHH 60roB, 06 OOmeM 6esaepHIi.

o npe,ll;paCCY,ll;KaX HepOHa"(45). K TOMylK9 UymKHH XOTeJI B.u:OlKHT& B YCTa lleTpOHHH H ~pyrHx ,ll;eftcTByro~HX JIHU nepeBO,ll;N H3 aHTH'I.t­HNX n03'1'OB(46), He,ll; KOTOPNMH OH.C OC06NM HHTepe COM pa60T~ B nOCJle~HHe rO,ll;N CBoeH lKH3HH. K COlKaJIeHHID, no:aeCTb OCTaJIaC1> B O,ll;RHX TOJlbKO OTpNBK8:X. He XOTeJI JIH B He~ HanI. n03T, BJlaraa B YCTa ITeTpoHHH OT3NBN 0 HpaBax H MHpocoaepuaHHHx aHTH'l.tgOrO MHpa , B TO lite caMoe BpeMH no:aeprHYTb KpHTHKe HpaBN H MHpoca­sepuaHHH, rocnO~CTBOBaBmHe npH COBpeMeHHOM neTep6yprcKoM ,ll;BOpe H BNcmeM CBeTe? Bo BCHKOM CJIyqae, n03T 3aAaJI ce6e na~ ,ll;06HYID 3a,Aa'l.ty B 38:MEll-t8:TeJlbHOH nOBeCTH "EnmeTCKHe HO'!.tH", It

pa360py KOTOPOH UN Tenepb nepeXO,ll;HM.

3.

B 1824 r., KaK pas B TO BpeMH, KOl",ll;a llymKHH "l.{HTaJl "AHRa ... JlN" TaUHTa. OR HaTO.llKHY JlCH Ha KHHry I KOTOPar.i npHIlHCNBaJIaCl> _ TOI',ll;a BTopOCTeneHHOMY PHMCKOMy HCTOPHKY tv BeKa, ABpeJIHID BHK~ ~: "0 3HaMeHHThlX JlID,ll;HX I'opO,ll;a PHMa"( De illustribus uiris urbis Romae ) (, ). "KHHlKoHKa" aTa Ka3aJIaCl>

l1ymKHHY B 06l1{eM ",ll;OBO.llhHO HH'!.tTOlltHOH"(2), HO B HeH OH HanIeJI MecTo) r.zte, paccKa3NBail .nereH,Ity 0 erlineTcKoa uapHU6 KlleouaT"" pe f "cyxoi:i Ii CKY"l.{Hl:i!kl: ABpeJIHti BHKTOP CHJlOIO Bbtpaz9HHR paBHReT­CR Tau,HTy"(3) : Haec tantae libidinis fuit, ut saepe prosti­tuerit; tantae pulchritudinis; ut multi noctem illius morte emeruerint ••• (4)

8Ta JlereH,na npOH3BeJIa Ha ilymKHHa TaKoe CHJIbHOe Brre'tlB'I'Jle­HHe (5). 4.'1'0 OR CKOPO :sa.nyMaJI nO:H4Y Ha TeMY CTPanIHOI'O "Toprail

K.n60naTphI. KaR HSBeCTHo, no npHT.l.HH6) ROTOPYID HaM Tpy.nHO onpe­,ll;e.nI1:Th. 3TOa rIOaMe cy)K.n~H06b1.ll0 OCTaTbCH HeOKOH"I.{eHHO~, XOTJ'I aSTOp HeCKo.nbRCi pas 0PHHHMaJICii 6b1..no 3a ee nepepaOOTKY.

ITymKHHHaT.l.aJl fl03MY yxe 2--8 OKTR6p.R: 1824 r.(6) H HanHCaJl OKOJIO 70 CTPOK I HO He OKOaGHJI ee. B 1827 L., OH nepepa60TaJI n03MY H ,ll;BHHyJI HeCKOJIbIW ,llaJlbme. HO onHTh-TaKH 6POCH.n. 3aTeM, 13 1835 r., OK Sa,ll.YMaJI BeTaEHT}' CBOl{) n03MY 0 KJIeOnaTpe B paM­KH np03aHqeCKO~ nOBeCTH 113 COBpeMel-lHo.l:\ cBeTcKoH iKH3HH. HO H nOBeCTb M noaMa OCTBJlHCb 13 OTp~.KBX. HBKOHSU" B TOM iKe 1835 I'o.ny, OR 3aMeHHJ! nOBeCTh ,llpyroJ.l I HB\.I&TOI1 no 60JIee 06mHpHOMY n~aHy, KOTopaH, OAHaKO, OCTagaCh TaKiK~ HeOKoH~eHHoR. HTaK, OKOHqaTeJlhHaH pe,n.aKUHil IIO,ll; 3ar.llBElJ.1eM "ErHneTCKHe Ho_mlt coc.,. TOMT H3 OTp~BKa B Tpex r~aBax npOSaM\.ISCKOA nOB~cTH H OTpbtBKa n03M~ 0 K~eonaTpe(1).

TOt GTO nOB~cTb PEraneTcKMe HOQH n OCTanaCb B oTp~BKax, ,ll;e~aeT 3aTpy.nHHTe~bHHM onpe,n.enHTb C TOqHOCTb~, qTO 6~~o ee I".llaDHoti HAeeH, qTO HHTepeCOBaJIO l1ymKHHB B CKa3BHHH 0 "Topre"

- 148-

14

15

erHneTCKO~ uapHUM ~O TaKO~ CTeneHH, QTO OH 3aAYM~ H36paTb :JJ:; HMeHHO 3TO CKa3aHHe TeMOH HOBOH n03MM, npOXO~.F.! HarrpHMep MHMO * TOH aHaMeHHTOH ~ereH~~ 0 CB.F.!3H K~eOnaTpN C UeaapeM H AHTOHH­~ eM, CTO~b ,l\paMaTHt.teCKH paCCKaaaHHOH ITJIYTapXOM H BIIOCJIe,l\CTBHH $'xYAo~eCTBeHHO oopaOTaHHOH illeKcnHpOM. *B ,Ho O,l\HO, no KpaHHeH Mape, BepHO.: ITymKHH XOTe~ B 3TOM npo­~ H3Be.n;eHHH ,KaK YKaablBaeT B. EPIOCOB B CBoeM OCTPOYMHOH HHTep-

npeTaUHH "ErHneTCKHX H04eH", "COIIOCTaBHTh ,LIBa MHpa, ,l\Ba MH­~ocoaepuaHi.F.! ---,l\peBHee H COBpeMeHHoe"(8). BnOJIHe nOH.F.!THO, GTO xapaKTepHa.F.! pa3HHua Me~.l\Y ,LIByM.F.! MHpocoaepU8HH.F.!MH --- TaR, KaK llymKHH ee nOHHM~, --- 6pOCaeTC.F.! B rJIa3a TeM .F.!pt.t6, t.teM 6JIHlKe OHH conOCTaBJIeHN ,LIpyr C ,LIpyroM B O,LIHOM xY.ll.OlKeCTBeHHoM ueJIOM.

ITo CJIOBaM EpIOCOBa, Bce .LIeHcTByIO~He JIHua IIpo3aHt.teCKO~ qaCTH nOBeCTH, MY)/(t.tl1HblH lKeHm.HH~ neTep6yprcKoro Bblcmero CBeTa X1X CTOJIeTH.F.!, OTJIl1t.taIOTC.F.!, ".l1.ymeBHblM pa3JIa~OM, MeJIOt.{HOCThlO, JIHUeMepHeM" (9). OHH a6COJlIOTHO He HMeIOT HHKaKoro nOH.F.!THfl 0 BblCmI1X, OJIarOp0.ll.HeHmHX CTpeMJIeHH.F.!X "leJIO:S6Ka, t.tTO ,LIe~aeT JKHaHh n03Ta, lKl1By~ero B HX 06m.eCTBe, nOXOlKeH Ha lKH3Hh CTpa,LI~bU~.

"3~o caMoe ropbKoe", rrHmeT I1ymKHH "caMoe HeCTepnHMoe---eCTb ero (CTHXOTBopua) 3BaHHe H np03BHm.e, ~OTOPblM OH 3aK~eHMeH H KO­Topoe HHKorAa OT Hero He OTIIa,LIaeT"(10). "I1y6JIl1Ka CMOTPHT Ha Hero, KaK Ha CBOIO co6CTBeHHOCTb, Ct.tHTaeT ce6.F.! B npaBe Tpe60-BaTb OT Hero OTt.teTa B MaJIeHmeM mare"(11). CBOHM HenOHHMaHHeM, MemaHCTBOM 11 nOmJIOCTbIO ny6nHKa nOCTO.F.!HHO npHBO,LIHT n03Ta B OTt.taRHHe. EeAHOMY n03Ty, t.tTo6H OCTaTbCR n03TOM B CBeTCKOM 06m.eCTBe, OCTaeTC.F.! TO~bKO O,LIHO Cpe,LICTBO: naCCHBHoe conpOTH­BJIeHHe l MHCTH¢HKaUH.F.!. M 4apCKH~, O,LIHH H3 repoeB OKOH~aTeJIb-HOH pe,LIaKUHH nOBeCTH, npH6eraeT K 3TOMY lKe Cpe,LI~TBy. OH ynb­TpeOJIReT "BceB03MOlKHbIe CTapaHH.F.!, t.tTo6H cr~a.L\I1Th C ce6R Hec­HO_CHoe np03BH~e" ( 12). OH npi1KH,LI~BaeTC.F.! "TO CTpaCTHblM OXOTRH­KOM.)\O JIOma.n;eH, TO OTt.ta.F.!HHbIM HrpOKOM, TO caMblM TOHKHM raCT­POHOMOM"(13) --- CJIOBOM,THnMt.tHblM neTep6yprcKHM dandy (14). Ho TaKHe CTapaHH.F.! He MoryT HeHMeTh CBoero ,LIypHoro BnH.F.!HHR Ha Hero: CTapa.F.!Cb npHKH,LIbIBaTbCR dandy , OH caM MaJIO no M~y Bna­~aeTB nOmJIOCTh, MenO~HOCTb, xapaKTepI13yIO~y~ CBeTCKHX nro.ll.e~. "TPYAHO nOBepHTb", nHmeT DymKl1H, ",LIO KaKHX MeJIOt.teH MOl' ~OXO­~HTb "leJIOBeK, O,l\apeHHbIH Bnp04eM TanaHTOM H .lI;'ymo~" (15) •

BJIH.F.!HHe Y.l\YmJIHBO~, pa3 'e,LIaIOlIJ,Edi aTMoc¢~Pbl Bblcmero CBeTa Ha6JIIO)\aeTC.F.! H Ha HTaJIbRHUe-I1Mnp08113aTope, 11 Ha "c06paTb.F.!x" t{apcKoro, neTep6yprCKl1X JHI·Te paTopax. 11TB..JlhffHeU, O.ll.apeHHbIi1 y,l\HBHTeJIbHblM nOGTHt.teCKI1M TaJlaHTOM, npl1HYlK.L\eH B~a~HTb lKaJIKOe cyll\eCTBOBaHHe KaK "6e,LIHblA KO"'y~m.Ht\ apTHcT"(16); OH BbIcTynaeT nepeA ny6JIHKO~ B O,LIelK,LIe "3ae3lKeI'0 qJl1I'JlRpa"(17). MaJIo Toro, OH HHorAa 06HapYJKHB.aeT "TaKYIO ,LIHKylO lKa.ll.HOCTb I TaKYIO npocTo­,lI;ymHyIO JI!060Bb K npH6b1JI 11 ,I ( 18), 4TO npl180.ll.HT 4apcKoro B HeMa­

JIoe pa3ot.tapoBaHHe. Ma neTepoyprcKHx JlJ:1TepaTopoB, rlHbIe KaxYTC.F.! 4apCKOMY

"CKyt.tHblMH no cBoeit J'JIynocTH, ,LIpyrHe HeCHOCHblMH no CBoeMY TO­Ry, TpeTbH raAKHMH no ·CBoeH nOAJIOCTH, t.teTBepTHe onaCHHMH no

,-14? .,.

CBoewy ~BO~HOMY peMecny, --- Boo6~e CnHmKOM caMo~v6HB~MH K JaHJiThlM¥l HCKnVtt¥lTenbHO c060ro .1lf!. CBOIOIlH C04I1HeHI1JiMH" ( 1 9) •

CaMHnpe~CTaBHTe~w Bhlcmero CBaTa npOHJBo.nRT Ha Hac, Ko~e~ ~HO, BnettaTneHHe He MeHee ne4~bHoe. HHhle S.nYT c~ymaTb ~Mnpo­BH3aTopa, "QTOO nOKa3aTb, 4TO flOHHMalOT I1TanbJiHCI:O!~ R3blK" (20) • "OJlHa HeKpaCl1.SaR ~eBliua". HamwaBmaR, "no npl1Ka3aHHv cBoeA MaTep¥l", Ha OYM8..lKKeTeMY II Cleopatra i suo!. amanti .. .IlJIR HMrrposH3aTopa, y~acHo cMymaeTcR 11 He CMeeT OTBe4aTb, KOI'.na nOCJIe.1lHHI XOtteT Y3HaTb, 0 KaKHX ~V00BHHKax H.Il8T pe4b(21). AneKceA HBaHblt:t, repOH B nepBOHa4a~bHblX Ha,6poCKax nOBeCTH, ..u.onro He pemaeTCR paCCKa3aTb 0 K~eonaTpe, rOBopR : ...... R

po~elO : R CT~ C,TblJl~HB. KaK ueH3ypa. Hy, TaK H 6hlTh"(22). O..u.Ha .llaMa I rrpOCJIymas n03MY 0 KJIeOnaTpe. 'rOBopHT : "3'1'0'1' npe.Il­MeT ,nORKHO Ohl ~OCTaB~Th MapKI13e ~op~ 3aHJl, TaKoR ~e OeCCTW.Il­HHue, KaR sama KReonaTpa. OHa Bam erHneTCKWH aHeKAOT nepe~e­RaJIa Obi Ha HblHeillHwe Rpasbi ---"(23). HaKoHeu, AJIeKCeA MBaHbl~ ca~HTCR nOA~e BO~bCKOA H Ae~aeT BHJl, Oy..u.TO pa cCMaTpHBaeT se pa60TY, H rOBopHT eAsnOJIrOJIOca(KYPCI1B Ham) : \I~TO Bb! JlYMaeTe 00 YCJlOBIHi KJIeOflaTPbI?" (24)

Kat{ HenOXO~H Ha 3TMX Ma~OAYmHb!X, JlHueMSpHblx, nomnblX My~-4HH H ~eHmHH neTepOyprcKoro BHcmero CBeTa ~ce AeRcTBymmw8 JIMua n03Mhl, npeJlCTaBHTSJIH aHTl1!.1HOrO MHpa - erflUATCKaR uaprma H ee TpM nOK~OHHHKa! 1-{epTbJ, CBOHCTBeHHble BeSM 11M ---3'1'0 "uenb­HOCTb H CHJla"( 25) , --- Henocpe,ncTBeHHocTb CTpaCTH. COBe pmeR­Hoe OTCYTCTBHe JIHU,eMepklR 11 JIOJKHOH CTblJlJIHBOCTM I npOCTOTa, apR­MOJIHHeRHOCTb. .

KJIeOnaTpa --- "rOp.IlaR uapHua" ; oHa 3RaeT, 4TO "cepJlua HeCYTCR K eenpeCTOJIY" I ~TO "UOKOPHbI el1 3eMRble 60rH," (27) I t{TO "CYAb6olO BJIaCTByeT oHa"(27).OHa YBepeHa a eaoeM B~aCT~ Ha~ BceMH 3eMHblMH. H HHCKOJIhKO He YTaHBaeT 3ToR yEepeHHOCT~ oe­pe,l( CBOHMH OOKJIOHHI1KaMH: ~C BHJlOM RCHblM" 6pocaeT QHa Ha HI1X

"Sb/30B HaCJIalKJleH!1R" :

CK~HTe: KTO MeE BaMH KyOHT UeHom ~H3HH H04h MOro? --- (28)

A "cMymeHHOMY POIlOTY", npOH3BeJleHHoMY ea cTpamHblM Bbl30BOM cpe~H rocTe~, OHa BHHMaeT

C xonO~HOH ..u.eP30CThlO ~Hua, H ESOp npe3pHTeJIbHbI~ 06BO~HT KpyroM nOK~OHHHKOB CBOHX ••• (29)

4'1'0 6b1 Wbi HM CKa3aJIH 0 ae pa3BpaTHocTH H cnaAocTpacTHH. Ee PHO OJlHO : eelK8..lKJla K HaCJI~)lefHflO He HCnOpqeHa C03HaHweM rpexa. BOT fl04eMY ee 06pa300nY4aeT TaKYlO ~eJIbHOCTb H CHJIy.

Ha Bbl30B uapHU"b1 113 TOJInbl rocTel1 Bb!XO~RT. Tpoe. <PJIaSHH --- CYPOBbtH BOHR, It B ..u.py~HHax PHMCKI1X nOCe.lteJIhl~", l1P~BblKlllH!1 CMOTpeTh CMepTH B rJIasa. KPHTOH --- MOJIO..u.OH rpeK, 311HKypeeu Ii "neBeu Xapl1T, K!1npH.ll.N Ii AMYpa tl

• TpeTHtl --- 6e3blMeHHbIM Mono-

-146 ..

16

7" I

17

.Z1.0~ qeJlOSeR, "JlIOOe3HbU\ Cep.Z1.rr.y H 04aM, KaK BemHHtiu:seT e.Z1.BEl

pa3BHTbllt"(30).

flpHt.lHHa, no KOTOpoAoHH npHHRJlH "Bbl30B HaCJl.alK,lteHHR" K..lIeo­

naTpbl, HeO.Z1.~HaKOBa y Bcex TP0.HX : ~J1aBKa BblXO.Z1.HT .H3 fopAOCTH

CHeCTH He Mor OH OT EeHbl

BblCOKouepHoro. npeapeHbR ••• (31)

KpwrOH ---' H3 BepHoeTH cBoeuy y6eE,ltE'HHIO., TO~ My..n.POCTH ~ruH<.y­pel:icKoro y"eHI1R, '-ITO HaC..IIalK.I\eHl1e --,... rr.eJIh lKI1SHH; nOcJIe.Z1.Hldt

--- H3-3a HCTHHHOA, nJlaMeHHoA J1lO0SH K uapHne. Ho Bce OHH OT­

JlH4aroTcR CHJlOM, THTaHH4eCKOH CTpaCTblO, CMeJIblM npeHe6pelKeHHeM

K lKH3HI1, 11 nOJlHblM OTCYTCTBH€M BHYTpeHHero p83Jl8.1la : "CMeJIa'

HX nOCTYOh ; HCHbl 04H"(32).

'Peneph nepel1.neM K Bonpocy; '-ITO TaK CHJlbHO npl1B.neKaJIO BHItI­

MaHHe llymKHHa B CKa3aHI111 0 "Topre" KJ1eonaTpbl. Kat< yEe. CJ(a3a=

HO, HaM TPy.nHO· pa3pemHTb C onpe,JJ.eJleHHOCThlO 3TOT l.lonpoc v no­

CKOJlbKY n03Ma OCTaJIaChHeOKOH'-IeHHo.l1. HO, H3 HaID B:3f'JlR,JJ., 00-

pas 30JIbCKOn, repOI1HI1 13 nepBOHa'-la.!lbHblX Ha6poCK8X "8rMneTClon

H04eH"HeCKOJIbKO npOJIIiBaeT caeT Ha ero pa3pemeHHe.

BO.!1bCKaR, "B;J.OBB .,0 pa3BoAy"(33), e;J.JIlHC'l.'BeHHOe hi1UO 1:13

CBeTCKI1X AaM, KOTopaB He COBceu 3apaxeHa nomJlO~, UeJlO'-lHOH BT­

Moc¢epofi Bblcmero CBeTa. I1pas..n.a, aHa npephLsaeT AJIeKCeR I1Ba­

Hbl49., "onycTIHI l.{OnOpHO orHeHHble caOH fJIa3a" (34) .: "Ax, HeT

He paCCKa3b!SaATe", KOf'.Z1.B noc.ae.Z1.HHA co6~paeTCR paCCKB3b!BaTb 0

KJIeOnaTpe, HO B KOHDe OTpblBKa ee 06pa3 npHHHuaeT COleaM .I\PY­

rOH ~paBCTBeHHb!H OOJIi1K. OHa Boo6~e BaCbUB MOJl4BJIJIlBa, i1TOJIbKO

OTPHBHCTO OTS84aeT Ha sonpOCb! AJIBKCeR HSRHbl4B HaC4eT YC.!lOSMR

KJl80naTpbl, HO He TPYAHO yra..n.aTb. 4TO B se UOJI4aHHH CKp~Ta CHJIhHaR, CTpaCTHaR HaTypa. OKEt3b1BaeTCR, tltro OHa "HueeT .1.4OBO­

JIbHO f'Op.aOCTI1) ..n.OBO.!lbHO CHJlbl .nyme SHOP.:. 4TOO npeAmwaTb Jlro60-

.lHll1KY Y CJIOaMR KJIe onaTpbl" ( 35) • , y 3TO~ BOJlbCKOH eCTb cao}. TeSKa a ApyroM COI.IHHeHHI1 liym­

KHRa, --- 3l1Hal1.Z1.a BOJlbCKaR, repOHH.fI OTPblBKOB pOMaHa, OTHOCJJ­

W.HXCR K1828 - 1829 I.r., 11 o(503HaQaeUblX "rOCTH c'eSJKaJHtCh

Ha .L\a-4y"(36). K8..ll8TCil., HOBel1.wHe I1Cc,ne..n.OBBTeJH! C4.11TaIOT, WPO

npOTOTHnOM 3HHal1.Z1.bl BOJlbCKO~ il.BJlReTC~ rpaWI1HR Arpa¢eHB ~e.I\Opo­

BHa 3aKpeBCKaR I K KOTOPOI1 flymKHH 6b!Jl H6COBceM pa~HO.1J.YqreH RaK pas B Te rOAb!(37). ECJIH TaR, TO Mb! B npaBe npeAonOJIaraTh,

"qTO 3aKpeBCKaR RBJlReTCR npOTOTHIIOM 11 nepBO~ BOJlbCKOi1, nOTOMY

"qTO y o~eHX BOJI bCKHX OO~HOCTb He TOJlbKO ¢aMH~HH : OHM npM­

HaAJIe~aT 04eBHAHO K OAHOMY H TOUY lKe THny lKeHmHHbl. MTBK, MbI .

MoxeM .Z1.0nOJIHI1Tb HeMBoro Heonpe.nBJIeHHO 04~pqeHHbl~ oOpas nepBO~ BOJlbCKO~ 60Jlee RpKHM oOpasou BTOpoA.

CaMO~OTJlH4HTeJlbHOA qepToA ee xapaKTepa RSJlReTCR COBBpwe­

BHoe rrpeHeopelKeHHe K CBeTCKHM npHJlH4HRU. Hanp.lu.I!ep, OHat He Beqepe ,6ece.n.yeT Ha 6aJIKOHe C N.HHCKl1'M OKOJlO Tpex, qaCOB CpR.n.y

Hae.Z1.HHe(38). BooCiw.e, 3HHaH.Z1.al ~Ta cTpaCTHaR, rop.1.4aR, 3KcneH­

'PpUl(Haa "MOJlO)l,aR XeBInHHa c .n.ymOlD ., 4STblpHaAuaTH Jle'].''', He HJ!.IeeT.

no MH9HHlO CBeTCKHX ,llaM, "HHKaKoro tIYBCTBa npHJHf4HH, CBOHCTB9 -'RHoro ee nOJIY" (39). Bee rropHuaIOT ee B ,ll.YPHOM no:ae,ll.eHHH, a OHa pemaeTCR, "B c.nesax HerO,llo:aaHHR, ••• B03MyTHTbC.R: npOTHB BJIaC­TM HecnpaBe,ll.JIHBOrO 05e'1'a"(40). "B Heit MHo'ro xopomero", KaK aaMe4aeT O,ll.HO HS ,ll.eitoTBYIOIl\HX JIHU pOMaHa, "H ropaa,110 MeHee ,lly­pHoro, He~eJIH .1tYMaIOT", TOJIbKO OHase YMeeT BJIa,lleTb CBOHMH 6YPH~MH CTpaCTRMH, H HaM He TPy,llHO C 3THM JIHUOM npe,llyra,ll.aTb, 4'1'0 "CTpaCTH ee noryORT" (41). Ha TO ~e H!:iMeKaIOT H CJIOBa aBTO­pa~ '-lTO MHHCKHH OTKaaaJICR 6~ 0'1' CBoe~ CBRaH C Heit, "eCJIH (') OB Mar Boo6paSHTh 6YPH, ero OlltH,llaIOIl\He"(42).

KaK H3BecTHo, YBJIe4HHe TIymKHHa rpa¢HHeR 3aKpeBcKoit OTpa~ 3HJIOCh elll,e B OTHXOTBopeHHRx "ilopTpeT", "HanepCHHK", H "Ct{aCT­JIHB, KTO Ms6paH CBoeHpaBHo"(43). OOpas 3aKpe:aOKoR B "ilopTpe­Tel! nop~aeT Hac CBOHM CXO,llCTBOM C oOpaaOM 3MHaH,ll.N :

c OBoen n~JIalOn\ei1 ,llymoj::i, C CBOHMH 6YPHNMH'CTpaCTRMH, o ~eHhl cesepa, Me~ saMH OHa RB~ReTCR nopoH H MHMO Bcex yC~OBHH CBeTa CTpeMHTcR ,ll.0 YTpaT~ CHJI, KaK 6e3SaKOHHaR KOyeTa B Kpyry paC4HCJISHHOM CaeTHJI.

MaJIo Toro, eCJU! Uhl Mo~eM. BepHTh npe,llnO~O)KeHHIO B.B. Bepeca­eEa I TO npooopa30M HI1Hhl BOPOHCKOH B 16-:ti: cTpo¢e VIII -ti: r~aB~ "EBr'€HHR OHerl:1Ha" --- TOti: "ClJIeCTRlllel!" t "OCJISnHT9JIhHoti:", "Mpa­MOPHOi1 Kpachl" HHHhl, PR)lOM C KOTOPOti: MbI HaXO,llHM TaTbRHY CI1,lJ;i!:-ll\eH Y CTo~a --- TaKxe RB~ReTCR He KTO HHOti:, KaK rpa¢HHR 3a­KpeBCKaR(44 L .H HaM K~eTCR BeChUS- xapaKTepHblM, ttTO HHHa OKpe­me Ha TIymKI1H~M "ce fi KJIeOnaTpolO HeBbI" (45).

Mhl OCTaHaBJIHBaJIHCh Ha lKeHCKHX oOpasax TIYllIKHHa, .IlBJt.llIOIl\HXCR Bon~ollleHHRMH 3aKpsBcKOH. paSHO KaK H Ha 06paa8 ee caMoti:, nOTOUY GTO Mhl ,ll,yMaeM, t{TO, ,llJIR YRCHeHHR nO,llXO,lla nymKHHa K 06-paay K~eonaTphl, BeCbMa ll.e~eC006pa3Ho nOCTaBHTh ero B napaJIJIe­.Ill> C oopaaaMH EOJIhCKli.lX .I1JIH caMOt! 3aKpeBCKoH. "3'1'0 OblJIa He npOC'l'aR pacnYTHHua", xapaKTepH3yeT 3aKpeSCKYlO H.JlepHep ~ Ita )KpHll.a JlI06BH, BaKxaHKa, Me Ha,lla , HeCJlblXaHHO c.nYlKHBma.ll MaTe pH . HaCJlalK~eHHti:, C~OlKHaR HaTypa, B KOTOpoti: xHJIa TOMHTe~bRaR Mett­Ta! eM 6b1JIa 3HaKOMa TOCKa ,lU'meBHoti nYCToTbI •• ~(46).~Ta xapaKTe­PIWT1rl:!{a) npHMeHHMaR I KOHet.(HO t, 11 K 3HHaH,lle BOJIhCKOH, --- He nOAXO)lHT nH OHa H K KJIeOnaTpe "ErHDeTCKHX Hot.(eA", KOTopaR, MeJfl.lJ.Y np04l-1M, "TOMRCb TOCKOIO (KYPCHB Ham) OpOlJ.HJIa B CBOliX ca­,llax" (41) , XOTR aHa 6b1JIa B COCTORH.HH MCnblTbl.BaThBCeB03MOxtHbie YAOBonbCTBHR? H eC~H noll. OAo6peHHeM, HJIH CRopee DpOCJIaB~eHH­eM 3aKpSBCKOA" C CBosii nhlJIaIOll\eH ..n;ymoIO, C CBOHMH 6YPHblMli CTpa­CT.IlMH" CKphll':laeTCR TaiiHoe npeapeHHe n03TaK CaMO,llOBOJlbHOMy BblcmsMy CBSTY I TO He XOTe~ JIH ilymKI1H npOCJIaBHTb B "ErHIleTC­KHX ·H04ax" KJIeOnaTPY 3a Ct.(eT CBeTCKHX JlIO,llSH co Bceit HX nom-·

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18

19

IlIJlOCThID H JlHUeMepHeM? Bo BCJtkOM CJlyt.{ae, Ha.M RueTeR BeCbMa npaB.Itono~OOHbIM, ttTO 06pa3bI 3aRpe:aCKo~ H KJIeOnaTpbl ·CJIHJ!HCh' B O~HO Il,eJIoe, Kor~a nYWKHH 3a,nYMaJI B 1835 r. BCTaBHTh JIereHJlY> o KJIeonaTpe :a no:aeCTb, ClOxeT KOTOPOH, KaK B cJlyttae OTPbIBKOB "rOCTH C'eSlCaJIHCb",OH B3RJI H3 :eeJIHKOCBeTcKoti %H3HH, GTO H 3aKpe:acKaR H KJIeOnaTpa CHJIhHO npHBJIeKaJIH nymKHHa HMeHHo KaK THnu, o,napeHHbIe CMeJlOCTblO HeHa:aH,neTb nOMJIOCTb 11: M~Jlo,nymHe

JlID,neit. MbI 3HaeM, l.lTO eCTh pasHbIe TOJIKOBaHHR OTHOCHTeJll>HO "Topra"

KJIeOnaTpbI. O,ItHa ,ItaMa, B "ErHneTcKHx HOttaX" BH,IteJIa B HeM npoc­TO OeCCTh1.ztCTBo(48), a ,npyraJt."s:aepCTBolI, KOTopoe ".n;OJI%HO yHHttTOlltHTb caMYIO 6eayMHyIO CTpaCTb"~49). EeJIHHCKHti BH,neJI .B

HeM npH3RaK M'OpaJIbHOrO pa3JIOlKeRHJt !I~peBHero pHMcKoro MHpa, o.ltpJtXJIeBmerO, YTpaTHBwero Bce :aepoBaRHR, Bce Ha..nel!l:,lthl, XOJIO,n;­Horo K l!I:HSHH H Bce e~e xax,nymero HaCJIaXJleHH~, sa KOTopbIe OXOTHO nJI9.THT XH3HHIO, KaK 6y,nTO JltH3Hb ,neme:SJIe ,neHer ••• "(50) B.EpIOCOB XOTeJI BH,IteTb B HeM I'c.nYlK9HHe" Cio.JK9CTBaJll, T.-e. "1.40.04-Hotf KHnpH,Ite" H "60raM rpo.3Horo AH.n;a", CChlJIaJiCb ,Ita1!l:9 Ha xpa­MO;shlX npOCTHTYTOK, Ko.TopbIe 6YJlTO 6bI HCnOJIHR.nH CJlYlK8HHe 6o.1'y. npO,ll,aBaR ce6R sa ,neHbrl1(51). nYWKHH,no .Bceli BepQJtTHo.CTH, HH­t{ero no,no6H01'O He BH,IteJI B tfYCJIOBHH" K.neonaTpbI: OH BH,neJI B HeM t no c.nOBaM AJIeKceJt 11 BaHblt.ta , "OJlHY TO.nbKO nhlJI.KOCTb Boo.6-p8lKeHHR"(52). B KJISOnaTpe OH npOQTO JII060B8JICJi 6YPHbIMH CTpa­CTJtMH, ,nymsBHoM CHJIo.lO. ConOCTaB.n:eHHbl.e C TO~ MeJlo.t{HOCTblO H nOIDJIOCThlO, TeM MeD48aCTBOM H Ma.n:OJlYWHeM, xapaKTepHsy!OmHMH CO­BpeMeHHYIO neTep6yprCKYlO CBe'l'CKYIO "qepHb", B Kpyry KOTOPOH nYIDKHHY CYlK,neHO 6blJIO nOCTORHHO CTpa~aTb B noc.n:e.n;HHe ro.n;bI. OBC­e H lKH3Hlf J --- CTpaCTH H ,Itym9 BHaff CH.na e rHneTcKol:i uapl:1UhI nOJIy­ttHJIH B ero l"JlaS8X KaKoe-To. HpaBCTBeHHoe BeJIHt{He. HaM .nYM8ST­cJt, ttTO MMeHHO GTO HpaBcTBeHHoe 13e.nHt.Uie xOTe.n Of! nOKa38Tb B oopa3s K.nsonaTpbl, paBHo KaK .Ii B TOM 6.neCTJt~eM nopTpeTe, noc­BRmeHHOM JlPyroH Ot.tapOBaTSJIbHoit rpeWHHue, "celi KJIeOn8Tpe HSBhI" --- Arpa¢eHe 3aKpeBCKO~.

"ErJ.mSTCKHe HOt.tHI! 3aHHMaIOT oc060e M8CTO CpeJlH Bcex npoI1s-' Be,IteHHit nymKHH8, Ha:.eeRHHhlX evy 8HTHt{HOH .nHTepaTypoti. 3,neCh, RaK YlKe CKa3aHO J caMblM JtPKHM 06pa30M conOCTaBJleH~ ~Ba MHP~, ~Ba MHpOC03epIl,aHHR --- aHTHt.tHoe H COBpeMeHHoe, KOHeLtaO, C npe.n;nO'l'1'SHH8M K nepBOMY. n03Ma 0 KJIeOnaTpe, OTJIH'IalO~aRCR RaK cxaTOCThIOtCHJIO~ H ttHCTOTOH Ra~Ka,TaK H KJIaCCHLteCKO~ apKO­CThID 06pa30B, HanOMHHaeT .nyt.tIDHe oOpasUbI aHTHqHOH CKYJIbnTypbl. MaJIo Toro, OHa nOJIYLtRJIa K8K 6bl CIiMBOJIliQeCKOe 3HaQeHM.S TaM, t{TO OHa 6YJIa BCTaBJI8aa B .paUKH nOBeCTH H3 COB~eMeHHol .M3RR.

110G'1' BOBce He y.n;OBOJlbCTBOBaJICJt O.n;HRM TOJIhKO 3CTeTHLteCKM.M oo.3ep~aHHeM aHTHt.tHoro MHpa: nYTeM conOCTaBJIeHHJt .JlBYX MHPOCO-3ep~aHHn, OH XOTeJI.nOCTaBHThO.1~HH 113 ~aMbIX . aKTyaJIbHhlX .l\JIR

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20

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TI03Mbl COMepB --- "M.nI1BJIY" H "O,ll.HCCelO lI --- OR 'HiTBJI BO

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H lliOJ1bE1). paSHO Ka!< Ii 6aTIOmROJ~a t PYCCKoro n03Ta Toro ll.tEl HBnpa­BJIeH~R. ~ BJ1HRH~e 3THX n03TOB HrpaJIO 3HaQHTBJIbHYro pOJIb B 06-pa30saHHH OCHOBHblX HacTpoeHH~ ero nepsblx n03THQeCKHX ODblTOB (14). 003TOMY HBMy.1lpeHO, eCJIH flYWKHH BeCbMa OXOTHO B3RJI B pyKH C60PHHK "aHaKpeOHTHtleCKLiX" CTHxDTEOpelfU!ll, oKB3aBmH~ CTOJIh CH~bHoe BJIHRHHe HB era JII06LiMblX nOBToB-BHBKpeoHTHKoB.

B CTI1XOT:BOpeFHHl "lVloe 3BBsm.aHHe"(1815 r.) ilymKM.H ITl1mST npo

ARBKpeOHTB, 4'1"0 OM 6bl.lJ ero yttl1TeJIeM(15). 0 TaRO!.! npM.CTpBC'l'MH

K TeOCCKOUY nOOTY CBI1,l.l,eTeJJbCTBYIOT TBf{:;rtE! ero ;'~Ba "J1MueJ.1cK.liX"

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C HSCOMHeHHOCTbIO, ~TO ilymKJ.1H-J1MlleHCT 6bl.1l y"fJf.9 3HaKOM C aH!1Kpe­OH'!'H"4eCIHIM C60PHJil!{OM, XOT.fi Tpy..u.HO CKB3BTb, B KaKOM liMe!Uw

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pl1Me p MOTHB AHfUtpeOl-lT8 l-1 SepKaJIa, l1JlM MOT.I1B nJlRCKH Bro 18 >co­pe lOHorneiH 19}.

BnpOqeM. Mbl AOJl.H~ npH3HBTb, 4'1'0 3TH ~Ba "aH8KpeOHTH4ec­KHX" CT~XOTBOpBHIHI Jll1ne~Cl<o:ro nepl10,llB He MM8IOT ocoCoro xy.ll.O­~eCTBeHHoro .ll.OCTOHHCTsa. Ho, STIOCJlB.11CTBHH, ilymKHH R8nHca.n ew.e 4eT~pe "aHBXpeOHTltI4eCKI1X" C'l'HXOTBOpeHM.Fl. OTJlHGaroIllMXC.R Bh!CO}(OM xy..u.OlKeCTBeHROCTbxi: OAHY I1becy :B 1828 r. ("KOONJIHlla MOJlO.ll.B.R") (20) • ~ TpM nbec~ B 1835' r.: "YaaaIOT KOReA PSTMBHX" (21), "nOpeAe~l1, Dooe.neJlM"(22), "~TO .e cyxo B q8mB AHa?" (23). 3TH CTl1XOTBOpeHl'IR .RBJl.fiIOTC.R CKopee nepe.nOJKeHHRMH, qehl nepeBo~aMM, OA 60-0H, S5-0H y 56-oa H 57-o~ H3 BH8KpeOHTMqeC­Koro COopHHxa t a BO Bcex iriX MO);{HO Eki.ltSTb KaR YA.liBHT6JlhHYro cnoc06aOCTb 3peJ10rO ilymRI1Ha. CX:ea.TblBllTI, M.CT.lUUibIH ",l\YX" a.HT.l1-

- 140 -

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23

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X. KH. HanplH.tep, B 60-0~ o~e AHaKpeOH'l'a, Ape I3HI1~ £103'1' CnpamMlBaeT

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nO)J.3eMHbl~ B a.11"(26); y [lymKHHa: "3y6bl B ~ecHllX oc.11a6eJIH, 1..i

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yrroMRHYTble aa6pOCKl-! nOB.90TH, HanHcaHHbl9 HMTaIUCe B 1835!'. H

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6~JIH nOp8.Jl\:eHbI MblCJlblO 0 CMep'l'l1. ---AHaKpeOH ysepp.9'l', \.ITO Tap­

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,.!J,omJIo. nymKI1H 3RaJl era 80 qJpaHlJ.y3C!{OM (np03aW4eCKOM) nepeBo.~e JIe<pespa (Lefebvre ) I BblllleJ1,meM B CBeT S KOHlU:l,c,:18 B€-Ka(31);, .

H B 1833 r. nepeBen ltl.S Hero Bcero qeTWpe CTHXOTBOpeHH.R::

1) CTHXOTBopeHM8 "qacTblA nOCHMTCR nOJI" KceHo¢aHB KOJIO~OHCKoro

( 6 B. AO H. 3.)(32); 2) 3nltl.Ta¢MID, npWnriC~BaeMYIO A¢HH88M aDH­

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- 139-

1'eKCT :a "t{HCTYIO n033HIO, OeaYROpM:'HielUJOe HCKyCC'1':BO t nOJlHOe xy­AO>xeCTBO Ii (36), MO>XHO B3RTh t pa,lUi npl1Mepa I XOTIi ObI CTHXOTBOPS­HHe nthlcTbI~ JIOCHHTCIi DOJ!".

CJ1Ht.{9.J'i JIe~eB1?OB nepeBO)!; c aToM: npeJ!90THoti Ilbeco:A I1ymKHHa, Mbl cei:fqac X<9SaMettaeM, tiTO y nymKHHa HeT It cJJ:e.n;a. TO~ paCTR.Hy­TOOTH Ii npoaaHt{HOCTH, KOTopoi:toTJI.HttaeTCH CTHJlb .:ppaHIJyaa-ne­peBOA:lUiKa. K9.'IKAoe BbIpaX<9.HH9 .13 llymKHHcKo:A Ilbece Cnla'l'O )to JlaKO­HHttHOCTH, H npOHMKHYTOC)JIeCKOM HCTHHHot;t noa:3l-IH. JIIOCionbITHO 3Ha'.t'>'b, 'ITO nposa JIe~eBpa HMeeT Bce qepTbl AYPHOn n033HH, MeE,l!;y TeM KeK nbeca nymKHHa t{RTaeTCJl KaR xopomaH npose.. B03bMeM HanpHMep Ha­t{aJIO 060HX nepeBO,ll,OB; y JIecpe:apa.: Deja Ie sol de Ie. sa.lle est propre, chacun a las ~ins bien nettes, les goblets sont rin­ce~: taus ],es convives ont leur couronnes sur la t~te. L'un presents dans une coupe un parfun d'une odeur exquise: Ie crat~re est la' rampl! de le. source de 1s. jote. Un a.utre tient Ie vin tout pr8t, at d!t qu'il ne lequittera pas sanS y faire l~aiso'n; c'est un vin delicat qui perfume parson bouquet tous

·les pots" (37); y nymKHHa: "4HC'I'hlM JIOCHHTCH nOJI; CTeKJIJoIHHble q~mH 6JIHCTaIDT; 'Bce y~ y:aeHqa Rhl rOCTH; HHO~ 060HJoIeT, 3~MYPRCb,

JIa~aHa. CJIa~OCTHhl~ AhlM; APyro~ OTKphlBaeT aM~opy. 3anaXBeCeJIN~ BHRa pa3JIHBaH ,ll;aJIeqe ••• II

;UaJIee, cJ!o:ea X03liHHa, COBeTYlO~ero rOC'l'RM OJIl()OTH npaB,iiy H B03~ep>xaHHe, y JIe~eBpa OTJIHt{a.IOTCR REHaM AH,ll;aKTHqeCKHM TOHOM, H 3THM caMlllM pemHTeJIhHO DOPTRT Hame :aneqaTJIeHH9; OHH, ,iiyMae'1'CIi, l'lCnoptrHJlH 6hl Ha SCRKOM fm.py HaCTpoeflHe rOCTe:/,! I C HeTepneHHaM OJIU'1,nalOlIUiX Ha.tl.aJIO nHpa: It ••• mats 11 faut que des gens comrnen­cent par c'lebrer les louanges de 18 divinit6,et ne ras~ent entendre alors que de paroles saintes at de bon augure. lIs doivent demander, en faisant des libations, de pouvoir toujours se maintenir dans les termes de la justice; d 1 ail1eurs cela est plus facile que d' ~tre inJus,te ••• louons l'homme qui en buvant communique deschoses dignes d'atre retenues, et lui qui fait sent:lr Ie prix de Is. vertu ••• usone toujours de cette prevoyance, dont les suites sont s1 heureuses(38)." GTOT XO~O~HM~ oTTa~KHBalO~HH AH,ll;aKTH3M 3Hatl.HTeJ!hHO CM~rtl.eH y UymKHHa, 4eM o6pas ,x03RHHa H nOJIYtl.aeT 6o.nee rYMaHHYlO, 6.naro­pO,ll;HylO qepTy: /lHo B Hatl.a.Jle Tpane3M, 0 APyrH,AOJIJ<HO TBOPHTb B03JJH.IIHbR, Bell\aTh OJIaro:sell\M9 petl.H. )lOJIX<HO 6eccMepTHblx MO.nHTl>, ,!{a oIIo,n;o6RT Hac tl.HCToit AYmoro l1paB,l!;y. 6-lIIDCTH: Be,ltl> OHO X< H JIe-I't.{e ••• ' CJIaBa rOCTIO ,KOTOPbll1 sa 'tame~ 6eCe,iiyeT .!l!fJ APO H THxo.1£

,RaK Mbt BH,ll;HM. MbICJIb, BblpaxeHHaH II CJIo:aax X03.F!JiiJ:la., B cyll\'" ":OOTH TO:lK,!{eCTl!eHHa YOOOHX nepe:so,!{qHKOB, HO llymKHH, nYTeM l1epeCTaHOBOK, COKpalt(eHHit Ii HCKJIlOqeHH~ HeCltOJl::&KHX 6aHaJIhHb!X ~pa3 H BblP~eHHitt KaK Obi BOJ!meOHblM :lKe3JIOM§ npeBpaTHJI OAoxym nposy ~paHUy3a-uepeBOAt{Hr<a B t.tHCTeitmyIO UQ93HIO. rJty60KHfi HHC'1'HHKT ~mCTe pa-xy AOJ/tHilKa HHKor,aa He l!3MeHJleT awy; H OR CKa3bIBseTCR J;;,c'iIJJ;y, LCaKHX OH~eJIOt{eH OR .HH !tOCHYJICJl g ex ungua le'onem.

- 138-

24

25

1 • (1) nymK~H, nO~Hoe cOOpaHHe COqHHeHHn B meCT~ TOMax. MSAa­

HHe BTopoe, no~ oOm. pe~. ~.Ee~Horo, A.B.~YHaqapCKOro, n.H.Ca­KyJtHHa, B • .l1.CO~OBbeBa. M.A.lJ,RBJIOBCKOro VI n.E.meroJIf?sa. rHXJI, 1934. T. 1 I cTp.l.04. (TeKCTh! HS nYIDKHHa IUfTl1PYfOTCR [IO 3TOMY H3~aHHIO. ~JIR Kpa'1'KOC'1'H0603Ha4aeM: flymKHH.) . (2) B.EpIOCOB. OM. nymKHH, DO~ peA. C.A.BeRrepOBa, T. 1, cTp.332.

(3) nymKHH, '1'.1, cTp.232. ~'4) CM. uK Ea'1'IOmKoBY" (flymKHH t '1'. " c'1'p.l02). (5) CM, llymKHH, no~ pell. C.A.BeHf'epOBa, T. 1, cTp.396. (6) llymKHH, T. 1, cTp.264. (7) Cpo BblpWKefHIS "MJIa~oti HaSOH" B CTHXOTBopeHHH "f{ EaTfOID­

ROBY" • (8) flymKHH, T. 1, CTp.115. ( 9) CM. nymKHH B BocnOMHHaHHRX cOBpeMeHHIHw;e, rMXJ1, 1950,

cTp.260. (10) eM. n~.rJIHHKe'i (nymKHH I T. 1, CTp.346) (11) CM •. "K OBH~H~n (TaM .e. CTp.326). ( 12) flymKHH B AJIeKCaH~poBcKYIO 3DOXY, CflB, 1874, CTp. 1 66.

Cpo ems CJIOBa JIHnpaH~H: " •• , He f'OBOPR y.e 0 TOM, qTO OH ~ 6HJl cpaBHHBaTb ce6R C OSH,;tHSM (KYPCHB Ham), HO OH JI!OOi1.JI) KO­f'~a KTO XBaJIHJI ero C04HHeHMR H npOq~T~BaJI eMY HS HHX CTHX HJlH ~Ba". (IlYIJIKI1H B BocnOMHHaHHRX COBpeMeHHHKOB, CTp.280.)

(13) CO'lHHeHI1R I1ymKMHa. H3)1,aHHe HMn. AKa~. HaYK. I1epenHcKa, no.n, pe.n,. i1. C rrpHMe'4aHHRMMB • .l1.CaH'l'OBa (~ ~aJIhHeHmeM 0603Ha'4a­eM: flepenHCKS), T. 1 I cTp.40. OBH.n.HeB~ CTHXH B3RTW 143 "CKOp-6e"" (KH.1 ,1, 1--3).

(14) flYWKHH, T. 4, cTp.231. OBH.n,HeB CTHX 3saT 113 "CKop6eH" ( KH. 2, 208).

(15) "K rHe~Hqy", IlymKHH, T. 1, cTp.308 (CM. e.lll,e:nepenHcKa, T. '.,cTp.29); "Y.aaAaeBY". TaM !Ce, CTp.311;BapHaHT "}!{eJlBHH­;!l" I TBU'lKe, cTp.550; 11K OBH,l\HIOII) TaMXl:e, cTp.324; nEapaTwHc­KOMYH3 Becc,ru2a6HH n , TaM JIte, CTp.342; "KH3blKOBY", TaM !Ce, cTp.361.

(16) 3'1'0'1' .CTUX OCHOB~.BaeTCR Ha MHeHHI1 BOJIhTepa, Oy~TO Ow flI)l11..(HHB CCblJlKH OBH.l\HR 6b1J1a Tai1HaR 6JIarOCKJlOHHOCTh IOJIHH, )1,0-4epH ABrycTa I K nooTy. BnOCJIe~CTBHH, nymln!HC.t.tI1TaJI 3'1'0 MHeHRe "He cn,paBe ~JIHBblM". eM. Bblme y nOMRHYToe flpHM8"1aHHe IIymKHHa K 8-ti CTpocpe !lepSO}! f'JIaBbI "EsreHHR OHer~1Ha".

(17) eM, flHCbMO K H,.l1.rHe~HqyoT 27-1"0 HIOHJi 1822 r. (flepenH­cKa,. T. 1. CTp.46.) , (18) Cpo CJlOB9 flymKHHa B [U!CbMe K fl.A.BR3eMcKoMY B nepBoti flOJlOBI1He MapTa 1820 I". (nepenHcKB; T. 1, CTp.15): nneTep6ypr ~ymeH ~JlH n03Ta; R ~a.~ KpaeB 4Y~I1X; aBOCb flOJly~eHHw~ B03~X O~HBHTMOIO' ~TIJ,y. II 0 Tal<'.OM jJ{e HaCTpoeHHH nOSTa CBH.n,eTe.n'bCTBYfOT TaK)i(eCTHXOTBOpeHHJi "YeJUiHeHHe" (flymKHH, T. 1, CTp.289) it .....

- 137-

"noracno ~HeBHoe CBeTlfJlO"(TaM :E8, cTp.299). B CTHXOTBopeHIH1 . uK OBH,Il,lflO" llymKHH HaSbIBaeT ceOR: t'H3f'HaHHHKoM caMoBoJXhHblM" (TaM >Ite, cTp.326).

(19) "KOllH,l.\HIO" (nymKHH, T. 1, cTp.326). (20) TaM xe. (21) TaM xe. (22) TaM xe. (23) llymKHH, no~ peA. C.A.BeHf'epolla, T. 1 I cTp.578--519.

JIepHep OCHOBbLsaeT C:801O ']{oI'a.JU<:Y H8 CJlOBaX JIHnpaHJJ,H (eM. nymKHH B BocnOMHHaHHRX COBpeMeHHHKOB, CTp.263): U(no )l;opore Ii3 AKKe­pMaHa ~aJlhme) nymKHH qTO-TO nHcan no OObIqaID~ Ha MaJIeHbKHX JIOCKYTKax 6YMaI'H H KaK HH nonaJIO CKJIa,IlhIB,aJI HX no KapMaHaM, BbIHHMaJI onRTb, npOCMaTpHBaJI H T. ,1], ••• ITOMHID OqeHb "Kopomo, 4TO OH >ItaJI8JI, 't.{TO He 3aXBaTHJl C coOoi:!: KaKorO-TO TOMa OBH)l;HR: ••• "

(24) ITepenHcKa, T. 1, cTp.45. (25) TaM lICe, cTp.58. CTHX "0 ~pyrH ••• " B3RT$ KOHetlHO; 113

caMoro nOCJlaHH8 K OBH,Il,HIO. lliYTKB HaA CBYHM co6oJ, HeMNC~HMaR y OHHARD, oDRThnOKa3NBaeT PS3HHUY B HaCTp08HHH 060HX n03TOB HB CChl.llKe.

(26) ilepem!CKB, T. 1, cTp.65. (27) TaM Ee, cTp.79. (28) A.C.ilymKHH: MaTepHaJIN ,Il,~R ero 6Horpa~Hx. CrrE, 1855, 2-e

H31~aHHe, 1873, cTp.83. (29) nymKHH, '1'.4, cTp.14. (SO) Cpo CTHX "Eme TBoeli MO~BaA HanO~HeH ceA npe~e.n("K

OBHAHro" ) • (31) ITymKHH, T. 3, c~p.172. (32) B.f.Be.llMHCKHA, C06paHHe cO't.{KHeHHA B Tpex TOMax nOA oOm.

pa,l!,. <1?I"I.rOJlO:S9Ht.JeHKo. rl1x.lI, 1948, T. 3, CTp.466. (33) I1ymKHH IT. 5, CTp. 86--87 • (34) LIepHOBJAK. CM. ITymKHH, no.IJ; pe.1\. C.A.BeBTepo:sa, T. 3,

cTp.92. . ( ) ITymKHH, T. 5, cTp.226. (36) CM. "MeTaMop~o3H", 4, 280. (31) CM. era CTaTblO "K CTHXOTBopeHHIO "Taltl'l'cR nemepa", fIym­

KHHCKHH COOPHHK, naMRTH npo¢. C.A.BeHrepona, fOCH3ABT, 1923, cTp.287 H C~.

(38) "JIe,l;a", ITymKHH, T. 1, cTp.~a2; "BaTlOmKOBY", TaM )l{e I

CTp.154; "llocJIaHHB K raJIl1~", TaM }!te, CTp.164; nporpaMMB IlAK-, TaM )Ke, T. 3, cTp.309; !lB .i1eca,x rapraqlHH Cl.IaCTJIHBot1l!,

TaM lICe, T. 1, CTp.472; tlE'BreHHi:!: OHerHH", TaM JKe I T. 4, c'J'p. 212; (CTPOtPb! 1--4 rJlaBbl qeTBepTOM He BKJlIDtla.i1li1Ch ITYIDIOiHblM HH

B 0,1HO 113.ltaHHe 1I0HerHHa"); "APHOH", TaM )Ka, T. 2, cTp.23; "R.!!.:t:Mail, TaM lKe, CTp.91.

(39) IlYIDKI1H, '1'.2, cTp.202. (40) CM~ K CTHXOTBopeHHIO "Taj1TCR nemepa" , cTp.289 VI CJI. (41) IlymKI1H. T •. 5. cTp.174. (42) TaM )Ke, CTp. 174--175.

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26

27

(43) OM. flHCbMO K A.A.EeCTYJleBY KOH:u,a. Man -- HaqaJla. HIOHn :it 1825 r.(Ilepenl1cKa, '1'. 1,CTp.225). ~ (44) OM. ~K RB~KOBY" (TIymKI1H, T. 1 I CTp.361). ,~ -r $ n;n ~

2.

(1) KaKJ.l3B8CTHO, B JIHgee npenO.ll.aBaJlH JlaThtHb, a no OT3htBY H.~.KoIDaHCKoro OT 15 MspTa 1812 r. ycnexH flymKHHa B JlaTJ.lHCKOM OblJ1l1 "xopomH". KOmaHCKI1H nOBTopneT 110T.lTH·TaKol1 lKe OT3blB elIle )taa paBa: 20 Hon6p.f.! Toro }lte rO.ll.aH 15 )teKs6p.f.! CJle,n;YlOmero rO.ll.a. eM. H.TIHKcaHoB, "H.<p.KomaHCKMH", flymKI1H, no,ll; peA. e.A BeHrepb­Ba, T. 1, cTp.255. 4ToflymKI1H H Bl10CJIe.ll.CT1HIH BpeMR OT BpeMeHH OPaJI, B pyKH JIaT.I1HCKHe KHHrH, BnOJIHe nOBO HB BblIlleH3J101l:eHHoro. BnpOqeM, flymKMH nHmeT B 1830 r. nonoBo~ "KareHHR OHerI1Ha":

."lIlecToH neCHH OHerHHa He paB6HpaJlH, ,na'lKe He 3aMe~I1JIH B BeCT" Hl1Ke EBPOTIbl JlaTHHCKOH onettaTKM. KCTaTH: C Tex nop, KaK BblmeJl H3 JhuteR, R He paCl<pb1:aaJl .n:aTHHCKoii RHI-H'M Ii COBepmeHH03aCiblJl naTHHCKMA R3htK. --~H3H& KOpOTKB p nepe4MTblsaTb fleKor~a.. 3aMe­qaTeJI hHble lOtHr M T8 CHFlTCR O,I{Ra sa ,upyrott, a Hi'lKTO Hhli'!4e· no

.n:aThlHH ax HeuaweT. B 14 CTOJI9THH,H8060pOT, JIBTKHCKHA R3blK ObIJl H906xo,ltMM H cn.EB~e,gJH1BO (KYPCHB Ham) n04HTf?JLCR nepBblM npH-3HBKOM 06psaOBBHHoro qeJlOSBKa" (nymKKH, T. 4, cTp.313). He­JIb3Fl JIM 3BKJIIO"IHTb. M3 3Toii 38:MBTKl1, 4TO flymKHH CttHTa.n: JKeJIaTe.n:b­HblM I 4TOObl o6paaOBaHHblii t.l9.n:OBeK oo.n:a,I{a,ll H8KOTOPblM BRaHHeM .n:a­.Tl1HCROI"O R3blKa? A B era 3aMe4aHliH I tl'l'O OH caM "co:aepmeHHO aa6blJI JIaTHHCKHW R3NK", eCTh, RaI< cnpaBe,I{JIHBO YKa3blsaeT RKy6o­BH4, RBHoe npeysSJIl1qeHHe. CM: ~~HKy6oBHq, K CTHXOTBopeHHIO t!Ta:HTCR nemepa ll , TIymKHHcKMH C60PHHK, naMRTH C.A.BeHrepoBa, CTp.286.

(2) nymKHH, T. 1 I CTp. 1 25 • ( 3) TaM JKEl, CT p. 1 1 1 1 8 • (4) TaM )Ke, CTp.138. ( 5) TaM JKe, CTp. 154. (6) eM, nMChMO K A.A.EeCTY)l(€BY, KOHen Man--HBl.1anO HlOHR 1825

1'. (nepermcKa, T. 1, cTp.225). (7) flymKHH, T. 1, cTp.359. (8) UymKHH, nO)t pe.ll.. C.A.BeHrepoBa, T. 6, cTp.471 H CJI. (9) DymKKH, T. 2, cTp.184. B H3~a.HKH no~ pe~. C.A.BeHrepoBB

(~. 4, cTp.22), aTO CTHXOTBopeHH8 oaarJlBSJI9HO: (Ha ropau.HR). OHO OhlJIO HanHcaHo, no Bcell BepOFlTHOCTH, B 1835 r.

(10) .neBO.ll. nymKHHa. (11) DymKHH, T. 4, cTp.718. 3TH Hs6poCKH 6~JIH aaOHcaHH B

1835 r. (12) flymKHH, T. 4, cTp.721. ( 13) TIepeBO,ll, nymKHHB HanMcaH R T.leTblpexcTonHblx JIM6ax I a fo ...

- 135 ~.

pau,He,B Op.lH'HHa.u B T. Has. "SJIKeeBoit cTpo<fle". ( 14) B. r. EeJIHHCKl1it t Co6paH}[e COt.{HH8KH·it B Tpex TOMax. no,n

pe~. Q.M.foJIOB9aQSHKO, T. 3, cTp.355 H cn.· (15) CM: ITymKHH, T. 2, cTp.248. 0 fOpau,HBBHx o.nax Boo6~ef

l1ymKluI mime'r II 1836 r,: "ECTb JIro,nH, KOTopHe H8XO,l\RT H fOpau,HR nposaHt.tecKHM ••• l1YCTb TaK. Ho ~aJIh 6HJIO 6H, eCJIH 6 He cy~ecT­BOBaJIH npeJIeCTHH9 o.nbT., KOTOPHM nO,l\pal(8JI H HaID .1J,eplKaBHH". eM.

Ill1YTemeCTBHe B.JI.l1ymKHHa" (I1ymKHH, T. 6, CTp.167). (16) Tau Ke, T. 4, cTp.35. (17) Brrpot.{9M I JI. rpOccMaH llOJI8raeT t 'c.:{TO HElTIOCpelllcTBeHHHM

HCTOI:.lHHKOM KaJIaMl:5YPHoro OHerHHCKoro 3J;[HrpalPa :"-" 0 rus !'(Hor. ) --0 PYCb ." -- RBJIReTCR 8HeK.n;OT H3 3HaMeHHToro C60pHHKa OCTPO'l' "Bievriana ":"Kor,l);a B 7 roJ1.Y Ol<H,l\aJIH npHOHTHR PYCCKHX B ITS­P,HJK, O,I\HK H3 CTOpoHHHKqB Bh1pa3HJI CBoe ITOlKeJI8rU19 .CTHXOM ropa-UHfl: no rusl(o Russes), quando ego te Bspiciamt «CM. I. rpOccMaR, CoC5p. co .... Ho, 1928, T. 1, cTp.58 H CJI.

(18) nymKHH I T. 2, CTp.190. ( 1 9) TaM lKe, T 1 I CTp. 1 54 • (20) TaM lK8, CTp. 240. (21) TaM ~e, cTp.386. (22) TaM .e, CTp.428. . (23) I1ymKHH t no.D. pe.l4. C.A.BeB:repo:!,!a, .T. 6, cTp.471. (24) "EYTemecTBHe B.Jl.I1ymKI1HaU (TIymKl1H, '1',6, cTp.167). ( ) ilymKHH, T. 2, cTp.110. (26) CM. B.f.EeJIHHCKHH, CoOp. COq, B Tpex TONSX noft pe~.

fOJIOB8HQeHKO, T. 3, cTp.391. (27) Brrp04eM, I1ymKHH He nepeBeJI GeTl3epTOrO CTw,xa KaTYJIJIo:ea

C'l'HXo'r:aopeal1n: Ebrl os 0 Be ina e brl os i oris. (28) TIymKHH, T. 1, cTp.148. K 3TOMY C'l'HXY eCT}';, BapHaHT:

"CBOn .n;yx BOCDJIaMBHHO lKeCTOKMM (BM8C'l'O: v'IleTpoHoM") K)BeaaJIOMtf•

eM. rLymKI1H,nO,D. pe,D.. C.A.BeHrepOBa, T. 1 cTp.213. (29) TIYWKHH, T. 4, cTp.13. (so) TaM .a, T. 2, cTp.253. (31) Boo 61148 , PHMCKHMH np03al1KaMH OH, Ka,IKeTCJI, Ma.110 HHTepe­

CO BaJIC.FI. UHu,e pOHa, HanpHMe P, aaCT8BH.llH e PO '-!l1T8Tb 13 JIHuee, HO B BbIrryU\eHHo:i1 c"l'pocpe 8 f"JIaBbI "EBreHHn OHerHHan , OR rrumeT: "B Te ,I\Hyl, KOr,D.a B ca.nax JIHIl,en R 6e3M.FIT8iiCHO paCUBeTaJI, 'tU1TaJI OXOTHO EJIHCeff I a UMuepoma npOKJIHHa.ll ••• II CM. I1YWKMH, T. 4, cTp.225 H CJI.

(32) CM~ <PHPCOB, TIymKHH KaK HCTOPHEf. (rIymKHH, no,D. pe)t. C.A. BSHrepoBa, T. 6, cTp.245).

(33) eM. COQHHeHHR TIymKHHa, 113AaHHe AKa.neMHH HayK cecP , JIsHlmrpa)l" 1929, T. 9, T..{. 2 (I1pI1Mel.mHHR), cTp.55.

(34) TaM )!Ca, CTp.56. (35) ITYlllI):HH, T. 6, cTp.186. (36) YKasaHHB M.rrOKpOBcKoro~ CM. ero CTaTbID "meKCITHpH3M

flyruKt.uia" , I1ymK!:!H, no),l; pe,l);. C.A.BeHrepOB8., T. 4, cTp.5. (37) I1ymKHH, T. 6, cTp.184. (38) CM. floKpoBCKHf!:, TIymKHH, ITQlI; peA. C.A.BeHrepoBa, T. '4,

28

29

CTp. 5. (39) (40) (4 1 ) (42)

TIymKHH t T. 6, cTp.185. TaM ~e? CTp.187. TIepeDHcKa, T. 1, cTp.241 H ca.

says CM. M. Karpovich, Pushkln as an His.torIan, Centennial for Pushkin, Cambridge, Mass., I 9'17 , p.198.

(43) ¢'paHIl,y·acK:vd1 nepeBo,l( I)TOH KImI'H HameJICR B 6H6JIHOTeKe llymKHHa. CM~ llOJIH. coOp. COq. llymKHHa, DOA peA_ ~.Ee~Horo H )lp., rHXJI I 1 931, T. 6, CT p. 367 •

(44) TIymKHH, T. 4, cTp.718--721. (45) CM. HB6poCKH DJIBHB rro:aeC'l'H' "Ueaapb nYTemeCTBOBaJI ",

llYIDKHH, T. 4, cTp.721. (46) KaK BHABO :113 Ha6poCKOB nJlaHa (CM. TaM ~e), H n03Ma 0

KJIeODaTpe I BOme)l.maR. B KOHIl,e KOHIl,OB II "EnnIeTCKHe HOqH" I ..n;OJIJKHa OhlJIa BCTaBHTbCR B ~TY nOB8CTh.

3. (1) Ho:aenmHe HCCJ!e,1.\OBaTe.1Uf .He npH3HalOT. KHHry .. De uiris illu-

stribus ,,' npoH3Be..n;eHHBuABpeJ!HR BHKTopa. Cu. HBnpH-Mep Oxford Classic.al Dictionary, Oxford, 1950, s. v. Aurelius Uietor. '

(2) Cpo CJIo:aa AJIeKC8R HBaHhlqa B :aBPHBHT8 "ErHneTcKHx HoqeR", llymRllH, T. 4, cTp.713.

(3) TaM )Ke. - (4) TaM }!Ce. (5) Mhl .ll.YMaeM, qTO Ha l30eQaTJleHHe I KOTopoe np0113BeJla 3Ta

JIereH,lI.a Ha I1ymKl1Ha, HaM8KaIOT TaK)Ke CJIo:aa A.1leKCeR H:a8HbIqa B BapHaHTe "ErHneTCKHX HOtleR": "ECTh qepTa B ee }!c113HH r Ko~opaR

TaR Bpe3aJlaCb B Moe BOOOpaJKBHl1e, qTO He Mory BarJIRHyTb nOt;TH HH Ha O,1.\Hy iKeHll.\HHY, '1:.\'1'06 TOTqaC nO,ll.YMa'1'h 0 KJIeOnaTpe ." ITymKHH I

'1' • 4, CT P • 71 2 • (6) MBTepHBJIbI ,lI.JIR Hamero H3JIO}!(eHHR HCTOPHH pa60TbI ITymKllHa

HaA "Erl1neTCKHMH HOqaMH" B3RTbl HS CT8.TbH C.EOH)l.H, ITOJIH. coop. co\,{. ITymKl1Ha, no.ll. pe,1.\. ~.Ee,1.\HOrO H ,lI.p., rHXJI, 1931) T. 6, CTp.136 H CJI.

(7) ITymKHH, T. 4, cTp.522 -- 536. (8) B.EpIOCOB, MoR nymKI1Ii, rOCH3)l;a'l', 1929, CT9.108. ( 9) TaM JKe, CTp. 110. (10) TIymKltlH, '1'.4, cTp.523. (11) Ta.M )Ke 1 CTp.690 H CJ!. (BapHBHT). ( 1 2) T aM iKe) CT p • 523 • (13) TaM lKe I cTp.524. (14) Cpo TaM }!Ca, CTp.526. (~5) TaM iKe, CTE.524. (16) TaM lKe, CTp~526. ( 1 7) TaM lKe, CTp. 530. ~ ( 18) TaM }Ke.

- .133

( 1 9) if!:SM l!Ce, (20.) TaM iKe • (21) TaM lKB. (22) TaM )!(e, (23) TaM iKe. (24) TaM lKe, (25) EproCOB, (26) fIymKI1H. ( 27) TaM 1«e. (28) TaM li<e, ( 29) TaM .lKe. ( 30) TaM lKB.

'( 31 ). TaM lICe. (32) TaM )J(e.

cTp.693(BapHaH'l') • CTp. 52? . cTp.532 H c.n. CTp. 7'13.. 4)

cTp.715. cTp.?17. Mo~ llymKI1H ,. CTp. 1 09. , T. 4, CTp. 71 5(nepBOHaqaJlbHbl'e CTp.?14. C1'p.534. cTp.535·

(33) TaM iKe, cTp.7 1 2. (3.4) TaM lKP..

(35) Tav iKe. cTp.717. (36) Tav iKe, cTp.655.

aaCipOCKU):

(37) ev. CTaTblO [(LOKcM8Ha, HOJJH, c06p. COU. fIYIIIKI1HB nOll pe1l. H.6ellHnro ~ 11p •• rHX~. 1931. ~. 6, CTp.103.

(38) nymK~H.T. 4; cTp.659. (39) TaM iKe, cTp.658. (40) TAM ~e. CTp.658 ~ C~. (41) TaM iKe. cTp.65? (42) TaM lKe. cTp.660. (43) nymKH~. T- 2, cTp.4 1 • 42, 43. Bee 3T~ TP~ CTHxoTBopeHH~

OTHOCRTCR K 1828 r. (44) YKB3aHHe H.~.EpollCKoro. CM. KOMMeHTapM~ K POM8HY A.C.

nymKHQa "rBreHH~ OHerHH". MOCKB~. 1932, CTp.167. (4') fIymKHH, T. 4, CTp.163 I{" CJI. CM. ema l1peKpaCfwe onHca­

HHenORB~eHHR HHH~ B OllHO~ 113 B~nymeHHoH cTpo~e 8 r~aB~. TaM 1!<e. CTp. 229 ~ CJ!. ("HeCJJbllllJ.iO B 3aJlY HHHa BXO,lHIT").

(46) Cu. nYWKI1H, no,n pelle C.A.BeHrepOBa, T. 5, CTp. III (47) Cb.L nepBOHatfaJIbHble Ha6poCKi'I "Eri'IOe'I'CKI1X HO\.le!1", rIymKIH-l.

T. 4, C1'p.808. (48) CM. OymKMH, T. 4, cTp.71?(nepBOHaqaJlbH~e HaOpOCKH). (49) TaM 1I(e. C1' p. 716. (50) B.r.6e~HHCKI1~t Co6p~ cOQ, nOll pe~.ro~OBeHqeHKO, T. 3,

cTp.6 14. (S1) CM~ B.6pmco~, MaH nymKi'IH, CTp.114. (52) nymKMH. 1'.4, CTp.~'6.

4 •

. (1) QymKHH caM np113Ha~CR p83 B eBoeM He3HaHI1H 3Toro H3WKa. CM. nHCbMO t< fKeJlYl1.lY 01' 6 RHBapR 1830 ro,lta (TIepemlcK8, T. 2 t

CTp. 105) .

30

31

~2) eM. E.G.Simmons, Pushkin, Harvard University Press, ;jl:; 1937, p.29 •. *- (3) eM. "TOPO,llOK"(1814 r.}. nYWKHH. '1'. " cTp.118 •. ~ (4) TaM :lite, cTp.t38. J',~ (5) ITepenHcKa. '1'. 1, CTp.5 t • *a ( 6) TaM lICe, CTp. 182. ~ (7) CM. mfCbMO I< ITYWI<HHY OT 6 IiHBapJi 1830 r. ~ nepenHcKa, T.

2. CTp. 1 05. (8) nymKHa. T. 5. cTp.37. (9) TaM :lite, '1'. 2, cTp.97. (10) TaM lI!9. CTp.221. (1',) CM. 8bIllTe UHTlipOBaHHoe tlHCbMG K H.M.fHe,llal.lY 0'1' 23 ct>eBpa-

-IVI 1825 t". (nepenMcKa, T. 1, CTp.182). ( 12) CM. CTHxoTBopeHHHe It 6aT!OmKOBY" (nymKHH. T. 1, CTp. 154). (13) CM. TaM l!Ce. (14) CM. nymKHH, UO.Zl peA. C.A.BeHreposa. T. 1, cTp.32. (15) nymKHH. T. 1, CTp.172. (16) TaM :lite, cTp.170. (17) TaM lICe, CTp.215. (18) CM. nymKt-fH. no.Zl pe,n. C.A.BeRI"eposa. T. 1, cTp.272,

274. (19) CM. JI. A.Matt. "neCHH AHaKpeoHTa TeoccKoro" I neCHH 11 I

42, 54. nOJIHOe c06paHHe CO'lHHeHHi! JI.A.MeR, enE, 191" T. 1, CTp.278, 289, 294. B AaJIbHe~WeM, CTHXH AHaKpeoHTa UHTHPYroTCR no nepeBo~ f>'teR. H60 OM nOI.lTI1 6e3YKopH3H9H no ¢HJIOJIOI"H'leCKof.t TOI.IHOCTI1.

(20) nymKHH, '1'. 2, CTp.41. (21) TaM J!(e, CTp.173. (22) TaM J!(e. (23) TaM lICe, cTp.174. (24) nepeaoll JI.A.Mp.R. CM. flOJIH. c06p. coq •• T. 1. cTp.295. (25) riymKl1H, T; 2, cTp.4 1 • , (26) IlepeBo.1l JI.A.MeR. CM. [lOJIH. co6p. COlt,. '1'. 1. cTp.294. (27) OyroKHH, T. 2, CTp.173. KYPCHB Ham. (28) Cpo CTI1X "TapTap TeHM lK,AeT Moet1" a CTlixpTsopemUt "ilo­

pe,lleJIH, D06eJIeJIH". (29) flymKHH, T. 4, cTp.720. (30) CM. f.feJIb.Zl, "flymKHH \II AqJHKeA", flymKI1H \II ero cospeMe-

HHHKH, 31 -- 32, JIeHHHrpaA. 1927, CTp.15. (31) eM. TaM lKe, CTp.16. / (32) nymKHH, T. 2, CTp.168. (33) TaM J!(e t CT p. , 6 9 ~ (34) TaM )l{e. (35) TaM lKe. (36) CJIOBa B.f.EeJHIHcKoro. eM. Coop. C04. no.D peA. ¢.M • .fOJIO­

seH4eHKO, T. 3. cTp.391. (37) Te KCT De pe BO.lla J1e4>e a pa UIiTI1 pyeTcR no re JJ h,ny: "nymKHH H

A¢HHe~", nymKIiH Hero coapeMeHHHKH, 31 -- 32, CTp.17. (38) reJl'b.Zl. TaM lKe. CTp.17 18.

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