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Chapter 6 . Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). Topic. ICMP Message Structure ICMP Message Ping.exe Tool Tracert.exe Tool Pathping.exe Tool. ICMP Message Structure. ICMP message encapsulation showing the IP header and Network Interface Layer header and trailer. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL (ICMP)
Chapter 6
ICMP Message Structure
ICMP Message Ping.exe ToolTracert.exe Tool Pathping.exe Tool
Topic
ICMP Message Structure
ICMP message encapsulation showing the IP header and Network Interface Layer header and trailer
ICMP Message Structure
The structure of an ICMP message showing the fields common to all types of ICMP messages
ICMP Messages
lists the most commonly used ICMP types
ICMP MessagesICMP Echo and Echo Reply
The structure of the ICMP Echo message
ICMP MessagesICMP Echo and Echo Reply
The structure of the ICMP Echo Reply message
ICMP MessagesICMP Destination
Unreachable
The structure of the ICMP Destination Unreachable message
ICMP MessagesPMTU Discovery
PMTU-compliant ICMP Destination Unreachable-Fragmentation Needed And DFSet message showing the Next Hop MTU field
ICMP MessagesICMP Source Quench
โครงสรางของ ICMP Source Quench message
ฟวสตางๆใน ICMP Source Quench message
มการกำาหนดดงน• Type Set to 4 • Code Set to 0 • Unused มขนาด 4 ไบต กำาหนดคาเปน 0
• IP Header + First 8 Bytes Of
Discarded Datagram
ICMP MessagesICMP Redirect
ฟวสตางๆใน ICMP Redirect message ม การกำาหนดคาดงน
-Type Set to 5 -Code Set to 0 – 3 -Router IP Address ม
ขนาด 4 ไบต -IP
Header + First 8 BytesOf Forwarded datagram
ICMP Messages คาทใชในฟวสของ ICMP Redirect
MessageCode Value Meaning 0 Redirected datagrams for the network
(obsolete) 1 Redirected datagrams for the host
2 Redirected datagrams for the TOS and the network
3 Redirected datagrams for the TOS and the host
ICMP MessagesICMP Router Discovery
ICMP Router Advertisement
ฟลดในขอความ ICMP Router Advertisements มการ
กำาหนดดงน■ Type Set to 9. ■ Code Set to 0
ICMP MessagesICMP Router Discovery
ICMP Router Advertisement-Number Of Addresses Field ขนาด 1-byte -Address Entry Size จำานวน 32 คำาบต ( จำานวน 4 byte) - Lifetime 2-byte -Router IP Address 4-byte field ระบทศทาง IP address-Preference Level 4-byte field ระบ
ทศทาง ระดบความพงพอใจในการใช Router Address ท IP addresses ของคณ
ICMP MessagesICMP Router Discovery
ICMP Router Solicitation ฟลดในขอความ ICMP Router
Solicitation มขอกำาหนดดงน■ Type Set to 10. ■ Code Set to 0. Reserved 4-byte ในfield นนกำาหนดใหเปน 0
ICMP MessagesICMP Time Exceeded
-Type Set to 11 -Code กำาหนดใหเปน 0 หรอ 1-Unused 4-byte กำาหนดคาเปน0 -IP Header + First 8 Bytes Of Discarded Datagram
คาในขอความ ICMP Time Exceeded ทกำาหนดดงน
ICMP MessagesICMP Parameter Problem
■ Type Set to 12. ■ Code Set to 0–2. See Table 6-5. ■ Pointer 1-byte ■ Unused 3-byte คานนเซตใหเปน0 ■ IP Header + First 8 Bytes Of Discarded Datagram
คาในขอความ ICMP Parameter Problem มการ กำาหนดดงน
Code Value Meaning 0 Pointer indicates error1 Missing a required option2 Bad length
ICMP Messages
ICMP Address Mask Request and Address Mask Reply
ICMP MessagesICMP Address Mask Request
and Address Mask Reply
■ Type กำาหนด ถง 17 สำาหรบ Address Mask Request และ 18 สำาหรบ Address Mask Reply ■ Code กำาหนดใหเปน 0 ■ Identifier เลอก ใชใหตรงกบ Address Mask Reply แบบเดมของ Address Mask Request ■ Sequence Number ยงเลอกใชใหตรงกบ Address Mask Reply ดวยแบบเดมของ Address Mask Request ■ Address Mask subnet mask 32 บต
ฟลดใน ICMP Address Mask Request and Address Mask Reply มการกำาหนด ดงตอไปน
Ping.exe Tool
ในสวนหวของ ICMP Ping สรางขอความICMP Echo
ฟลด Identifier กำาหนดใหเปน 1 ฟลด Sequence Number ใชเคานเตอรภายในและ
incremented โดย 1 เนองจากมขอความ Echo ตาม มาภายหลง
ฟลดOptional Data คอ 32 bytes (โดยคาเรมตน) ประกอบดวยสตรง"Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwabcdefghi "
Ping.exe ToolPing Options
Option Use Default-t Sends Echo messages until
interrupted.Not used
-a Performs a Domain Name System (DNS) reverse query to resolve the DNS host name of the specified address.
Not used
-n The number of Echo messages to send.
4
-l size The size of the Optional Data field up to a maximum of 65,500.
32
Ping.exe ToolPing Options
Option Use Default-f Sets the DF flag to 1. This option
is only valid for IPv4 traffic.Not used
-i TTL Sets the value of the TTL field in the IPv4 header or the Hop Limit field in the IPv6 header.
128
-v TOS Sets the value of the TOS field in the IPv4 header. The TOS value is in decimal notation. This option is only valid for IPv4 traffic.
0
-r count Sends the ICMP Echo messages using the IP Record Route option and sets the value of the number of slots. Count has a maximum value of 9. This option is only valid for IPv4 traffic.
Not used
Ping.exe ToolPing OptionsOption Use Default-s count Sends the ICMP Echo messages using
the IP Internet Timestamp option and sets the value of the number of slots. Count has a maximum value of 4. In Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, Ping uses the Internet Timestamp flag set to 1 (records both the IP ad-dresses of each hop and the timestamp). This option is only valid for IPv4 traffic.
Not used
-j host-list
Sends the ICMP Echo messages using the IP Internet Timestamp option and sets the value of the number of slots. Count has a maximum value of 4. In Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, Ping uses the Internet Timestamp flag set to 1 (records both the IP addresses of each hop and the timestamp). This option is only valid for IPv4 traffic.
Not used
Ping.exe ToolPing OptionsOption Use Default-k host-list
Sends the ICMP Echo messages using the Strict Source Route option and sets the next-hop addresses to the IP addresses in the hostlist. The host list is made of IP addresses separated by spaces corresponding to the strict source route. There can be up to nine IP addresses in the host list. This option is only valid for IPv4 traffic
Not used
-w timeout
Waits the specified amount of time, in milliseconds, for the corresponding Echo Reply before displaying a Request Timed Out message.
4000
Ping.exe ToolPing Options
Option Use Default-R Forces Ping to trace the round-trip path by
sending the ICMPv6 Echo Request message to the destination and including an IPv6 Routing extension header with the next destination of the sending node. This option is only valid for IPv6 traffic.
Not used
-S sourceaddr
Forces Ping to use a specified source address. This option is only valid for IPv6 traffic.
Not used
-4 Forces Ping to use an IPv4 address when the DNS name query for a host name returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Not used
-6 Forces Ping to use an IPv6 address when the DNS name query for a host name returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Not used
Tracert.exe Tool
Tracert.exe เปนเครองมอ ใช ICMP Echo หรอขอความ ICMPv6 Echo Request ไปยงทเสนทางทระบของเราเตอร unicast IPv4 และ IPv6 ความคบคงจากโฮสตตนทางไปยงโฮสตปลายทาง ผตดตามทดสอบ reachability รายละเอยดชอ เครอขายภายใน ลปเสนทาง และปญหาอนๆ
Tracert.exe ToolTracert Options
Option Use Default-h max_hops
Instructs Tracert to increment the TTL up to max_hops.
30
-j host-list Sends the ICMP Echo messages using the loose source route specified in the host-list. The host list is up to nine IP addresses separated by spaces, corresponding to the loose source route to the destination. This option is valid only for IPv4 traffic.
Not used
Tracert.exe ToolTracert Options Option Use Default
-w timeout
Waits the specified amount of time in milliseconds for the response before displaying a *.
4000
-R Forces Tracert to trace the round-trip path by sending the ICMPv6 Echo Request message to the destination and including an IPv6 Routing extension header with the next destination of the sending node. This option is valid only for IPv6 traffic.
Not used
-S sourceaddr
Forces Tracert to use a specified source address. This option is valid only for IPv6 traffic.
Not used
Tracert.exe ToolTracert Options
Option Use Default-S sourceaddr
Forces Tracert to use a specified source address. This option is valid only for IPv6 traffic.
Not used
-4 Forces Tracert to use an IPv4 address when the DNS name query for a host name returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.
Not used
-6 Forces Tracert to use an IPv6 address when the DNS name query for a host name returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses..
Not used
Pathping.exe Tool
Pathping เปนคำาสง สำาหรบ Windows Server 2008 และ Windows Vista ทจะใชในการทดสอบเราทเตอรและลงคแอบแฝงและแพคเกตสญหาย ทง IPv4 และ IPv6 สำาหรบ IPv4 งานเดนทางโดยสงขอความ ICMP Echo อยางตอเนอง ไปแตละจดในเสนทางและบนทกตอไปน เฉลยตลอดเวลาการเดนทางสญเสยแพคเกต เมอสงขอความ ICMP Echo ไปยงเราทเตอร และการสญเสยแพคเกตเมอสงขอความ ICMP Echo เชอมโยงขามไปยงแตละเราทเตอร
Pathping.exe ToolPathping Options
Option Use Default-n Instructs Pathping to not perform a DNS
reverse query on every router IP address. If the host name of each router is unimportant, the -n option accelerates the Pathping display of the path.
Performs DNS reverse queries on each router IP address
-h max_hops
Instructs Pathping to increment the TTL up tomax_hops.
30
-g host-list Sends the ICMP Echo messages using the loose source route specified in the host-list. The host list is up to nine IP addresses separated by spaces, corresponding to the loose source route to the destination.
Not used
-p period Waits the specified amount of time in millisecondsbetween successive Echo messages.
250
Pathping.exe ToolPathping Options
Option Use Default
-q num_queries
Sends the num_queries number of queries for each hop.
100
-i address
Sends the Pathping traffic from a specified address.
Not used
-w timeout
Waits the specified amount of time in milliseconds for the response.
3000
-4 Forces Pathping to use an IPv4 address when the DNS name query for a host name returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
Not used
-6 Forces Pathping to use an IPv6 address when the DNS name query for a host name returns both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
Not used
Summary ICMP คอกลมของ message ซงใหบรการรวมกบ IP แตไมไดเปนสวนหนงของ IP ICMP ประกอบดวยบรการตางๆตอไปน
• ICMP Echo and Echo Reply messages• Destination Unreachable• Time Exceeded• Source Quench• Redirect messages• router discovery (Router Advertisement and Router Solicitation messages)• Parameter Problem message• Address mask discovery(Address Mask Request and Address Mask Reply
messages • PTMU Discovery • Ping.exe Tool • Tracert.exe Tool• Pathping .exe Tool
อนทจรงแลว ICMP เปนเพยงโปรโตคอลทชวยใหระบบทำางานดยงขน ซงบรการตางๆเปนบรการสำาหรบรายงานความผดพลาดในการสอสารขอมล เพอสนบสนนใหการสอสารมควมนาเขอถอมากยงขน
ผจดทำา ชอ นายทวรตน ขาว
เอยด กลม 51346CPEรหส
115130462018-0
