Into a New Century

Chapter 20

The Computer & Technology Revolutionpages 656-660

Computers Communication Globalization

• Rivalry during WWII led to first modern computer.

• Personal Computers – small computers used at universities and businesses

• Changed business and industry – simple to use• Steve Jobs – Apple • Bill Gates –

Microsoft• Jeff Bezo – Amazon

• Medical Science – longer lives / less pain

• Agricultural – fewer people needed

• “information age” / power – computers, cellphones, emails, IM-ing

• Satellite – increased the speed of global communications

• Ted Turner – all news cable network

• Internet – World wide web – cables and satellites linked computer systems together

• Instantaneous changes - commerce, education, research, entertainment

• How and where people do their jobs – service industry grows / factors and farms jobs shrink.

• Globalization and multinational corporations – integration with nations around the world.• More products and

services available• Helped some

nations develop /jobs to left

• Computer skills needed to get a job

• Service Sector grows• Organized Labor Declines

Homework Review / Warm-Up

1. How have computers changed everyday life?

2. Predict – how might computers change life in the future?

Getting information & news, shopping, meeting socially, more opportunities for people with disabilities, working from home, dating, GPS, music, medical procedures.

Personal information chips? Cyber school

Technology Changes American LifeThe Modern Computer Business & Industry

Science & Agriculture

• Rivalry during WWII – atomic bomb• 1946 – first modern computer• 1954 – IBM commercially successful • 1960’s – microchip – personal computers

• Transformed industry• New fortunes with new techniologies

• Steve Jobs - Apple• Bill Gates – Microsoft• Jeff Bezo’s – Amazon

• Video games, cell phones - microchips

• Medical Science advancements• Longer lives, less pain, disease battling, transplants

• Agricultural – improved machinery, irrigation, growing• Fewer people needed 50% to 2%

A Communications Revolution

SatellitesInternet

Information AgeComputersCell phones

E-mails instant messaging

• Increased speed of global communications

• Orbit earth in space, sending / receiving filled signals - sent to tv, phones, computers

• Ted Turner – “superstation” – 24 hr. news

• World Wide Web• Links computers via

cables and satellites• Communication and

access to info – instant• Changed – commerce,

education, research, entertainment

Changing American EconomyGlobalization Workplace changes

Service Sector Organized Labor

• Globalization – national economies, politics, culture, and societies become mixed with those of other nations• Multinational – companies that

produce and sell goods and services all over the world

• Products available to more• Helped some nations develop• Industrial nations lose jobs to less

industrial nations

• Need computer skills to get jobs

• Banking, stockbroking, programming• Professional worker linked by

computers• Global meetings• Telecommunicating

• Service economy – economic system focused on buying and selling services

• Lawyers, teachers, doctors, salespeople

• Decline in manual labor• Political power of unions

and farms declined• Workers average wages

have fallen

Checkpoint

What was the impact of the personal computer?

How did technology change communication?

How did globalization affect the American economy?

The Clinton PresidencySection 2

1968 – last Democrat President

The 1992 ElectionClinton Raises the Challenge

• Humble background• Law School• Arkansas governor• “New Democrat” – centrists

• Reconcile liberal / conservative ideals• Strong national defense• Tough stance on crime• Free trade• Welfare reform• Closer ties with corporations• Government was large and inefficient

Winning the White House

• 3 candidate election• Clinton – economic & social• Bush – attack character• Perot – business

• Largest voter turn out since 1960• BC – 43%, GB – 37%, RP – 19%

Why ?

Domestic PolicyNew Laws

• Family Medical Leave Act – full time employees 12 workweeks of UNPAID leave for the birth and care of newborn, recover from illness, or care for sick family member

Healthcare reforms

• US only developed country without national healthcare

• Appoints his wife – Hillary – to head a task force

• Never won support – dropped a year into debate

• Americans did not feel increasing the federal government to run healthcare was a good idea

Dealing with Violence

• Brady Bill – gun-control act.• $30 billion anti-crime bill – increased funding for police and banned

certain assault weapons

• Oklahoma City bombing - 1995• 168 killed / 800 injured• Home-grown anti-government extremists• Federal buildings in major cities – barriers / new laws passed

Columbine High School

• 1999• Two students killed 12

students and a teacher• Wounded 24 others• Schools across the nation

raised security• Zero-tolerance to school

violence.

http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=7378618

Republicans Galvanize

• Newt Gingrich – Georgia Congressman• Contract with America –

• Balance federal budget• Welfare reform• Tax cuts for middle class• Decreased federal government• Term limits for members of congress• Increase defense spending• Tough anti-crime laws

Clinton incorporates some conservative agenda in his re-election bid

Clinton Wins re-election

Clinton successfully captures middle ground

Scandals & ImpeachmentWhite Water Development – no conclusive evidence

• Paula Jones when• Governor of Arkansas

• White House Intern• Monica Lewinsky• Lies under oath about affair• IMPEACHMENT

• “treason bribery or other crimes and misdemeanors”

• Perjury & obstruction of justice

• 2/3 majority – not enough votes

Checkpoint

How did Clinton attract voters?

What were Clinton’s successes and failures as President?

What was the outcome of the Clinton impeachment trial?

Global Politics & EconomicsSection 3

Competing in the Global Economy

Free Trade

OR

Lower costs created

Loss of American jobs

Competing in the Global Economy

EU – European Union• One currency (Euro)• Combined resources• Encouraged trade among its members• Challenged economic leadership of US

Direct

Response

NAFTA • Gradual removal of trade restrictions• Supposed to promote economic

growth, reduce prices, increase exports, encourage investments.

• Would it force manufacturers to Mexico and loss of jobs?

• Environmental protection, safety standards, workers rights

270 total free trade agreements signed• GATT – General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – reduce

tariffs• WTO – World Trade Organization – negotiate trade

agreements, settle disputes, enforce compliance

Favors business interests over environment and worker’s rights

Exposes people to new ideas, technology and communication, Nations become more democratic, strengthened economic ties

Good or bad?

Somalia• Civil War • famine

Troops sent

Bring peace & foodSteep casualties – withdrew troops

Haiti• Military coup overthrows president• Thousands leave by boat

Troops sent

• To restore president to power• Sinking economy, rising rates of

disease and crime

Americans on the Global Stage

Yugoslavia• Collapse of communism breaks up country• 6 major republics form• Ethnic and religious hostilities

Bosnia• Newly independent• Ethnic & religious rivalries leads to Civil War (Eastern

Orthodox Serbs, Catholic Croats, and Bosnian Muslims)• Serbs (w/ Yugoslavia’s help) attack others killing them• Ethnic cleansing – state-sanctioned mass murder,

violence, and rape – shocked world

Encourages NATO to bomb Serbia – cease fireDayton Accords – federated multinational BosniaDid not solve problems but stopped ethnic cleansing

Kosovo• Serbian

province• Ethnic cleansing• Spreads to

Macedonia & Albania

America and the Middle East

• Fighting between Israelis & Palestinians• US becomes target in fight – supports Israel• Declaration of Principals – Palestinian self-

rule in Jericho and Gaza strip & security for Israelis.

• Did not address West Bank or extremists

Yasir Arafat - Palestine

Ehud Barak - Israel

ousted

1993 World Trade Center bombing – kills 6 injures over 1,000

1998 – car bombs at American embassies in 4 countries – 225 killed 5,500+ injured

2000 – USS Cole bombed – 17 killed

Al Qaeda

• suicide attacks and simultaneous bombings of different targets• pledge of loyalty to Osama bin Laden• undergone training in one of its camps in Afghanistan, Pakistan,

Iraq or Sudan, but not taken any pledge• killing of civilians is religiously sanctioned

• Want a complete break from all foreign influences in Muslim countries

• creation of a new Islamic world wide unity of Muslim political world.

Militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in 1988/89

Osama bin Laden -End American involvement in

Muslim countries.

What is it?

What do they want?

How they do it?

Why? • Believe that a Christian–Jewish alliance is conspiring to destroy Islam• Ignore man made laws – for laws rooted in religion

The George W. Bush Presidency

2000 ElectionThree Candidates Run

George W. Bush Al Gore Ralph Nader

Clinton’s VPClinton’s economic

record

Governor of TexasSon of George H.W. Bush

Popular with conservativesDown to earth & sincere

Restore morality to White House

Consumer advocateGreen Party

HOW TO SPEND THE FEDERAL BUDGET?

Widespread tax cuts Strengthen Social SecurityPay down national debt

“he alone represented all Americans”

Not a good speaker

Dull & Cold

Americans voted mainly by party affiliation

Florida recount =

Bush will winShowed a shift in voting demographics

Midwest & south

Democrats demand a recount by hand

Republicans sue to prevent recount

Bush v. Gore5-to-4 decision

Supreme Court

Ambitious AgendaDomestic Issues1. TAXES (was a budget surplus with Clinton)• $1.3 trillion Tax cuts to stimulate economy

• Disposable income• Spending, investing, jobs

• Increased federal budget deficits

2. EDUCATION• Federal funding tied to school success• NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND – hold schools accountable

• Penalize those that do not reach performance standards• Improve teacher quality• School information more available to parents

3. MEDICARE – cover prescription drugs for senior citizens

US is attacked

Hijacking & crashing of four commercial airplanes• Major shift in American

foreign policy• First attack since Pearl

Harbor (50 yrs earlier)• Confidence & Safety in

nation’s power shaken

September 11, 2001

Gets news of attack while reading to an elementary class.

http://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=11584488

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=video+bush+getting+news+of+9%2f11+attack&mid=C2AA54E4F50D0664182CC2AA54E4F50D0664182C&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1

http://www.history.com/interactives/witness-to-911

Speeches following 9/11

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=president+bush+speech+on+9+11&mid=F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=president+bush+speech+on+9+11&mid=F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71F6C6F805DB8299FEDA71&view=detail&FORM=VIRE1

War on TerrorismTOP PRIORITY:

FINDING & PROSECUTING THOSE RESPONSIBLE

Me

again!

Osama bin Laden’s al Qaeda behind attack• Against US troops in Saudi Arabia• Against US boycott of Iraq• Against US support of Israel• Against Middle East governments that are

pro-Western• Hiding in Afghanistan where Islamic

fundamentalist Taliban government allowed them to have training camps

Any government that sponsored terrorism, even if it did not itself commit terrorists acts, should be

held accountable!

Demands Taliban turn over bin Laden

to U.S. custody!

US troops joined by Great Britain and other allies into Afghanistan.

Taliban overthrown in four months!

Several leaders captured but not bin Laden.

Improving National Security

Patriot Act – gave law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists.

Department of Homeland SecurityNew Cabinet-level to coordinate domestic security matters between fedeal, state, and local agencies

Violates civil liberties?

Give up some freedoms for improved protection?

Are you for or against the Patriot Act?Safety or liberty - discuss

How does this affect you?

Operation Iraqi FreedomSaddam Hussein• Defied UN weapons inspectors• Its believed he was stockpiling and making

nuclear, biological, and chemical WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD)

• Congress approves using military force in 2002

Invade Iraq

• Saddam’s forces collapse• Baghdad falls• Saddam goes into hiding• Within months – Saddam and

supporters are captured• Crimes against humanity = death• Executed in 2006

Bush’s Second Term

Bush vs. John Kerry

Lack of another attack proved his competency!?

Red state – blue state divide• Coasts & big cities =

Democrat• South, mid-west and rural =

Republican

Domestic Issues

• Federal deficit growing• Hurricane Katrina• Last two years of second term – approval rating falls

drastically

2008 ElectionBreaking New Ground

Democratic Nomination for President

Hillary Clinton• 1st woman to win a

major party’s presidential primary

• NY Senator• Former 1st Lady

Barack Obama• Senator from Illinois• 1st African American to win

a major party’s primary

Republicans vs. Democrats

John McCain & Sarah PalinBarack Obama & Joe Biden

Barack Obama

EducationOccidental College

Columbia UniversityHarvard Law School

ProfessionsConstitutional Law Professor

Illinois Senator

2009 – Nobel Peace Prize"his extraordinary efforts to strengthen

international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."

Domestic Policy

• Healthcare Reform• Financial Crisis – Banks made risky loans / value of homes

decreased• Pay freeze on Senior White House staff - $100,000• Stricter Guidelines for lobbyists• weekly Saturday morning video address available on

whitehouse.gov and YouTube• the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) - tax

breaks with spending on infrastructure projects, extension of welfare benefits, and education - $787 billion

• Gun control – assault weapons ban• Environment

Waiver to his own new rules – hypocrisy? Pledge for governmental openness?

FOREIGN POLICY

• Killing of Osama bin Laden• Overseas Contingency Operation (War on Terror)• Guantanamo Bay –guidelines for interrogation• Removal of troops from Afghanistan• Numerous Al Qaeda & Taliban leaders killed