ISBN 9788192746487

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kL$s kprleu dyM L$rsApdp kNus (S>ev$hL$s NusNpthv$p rhij Aepkp kv$cdp) 2

Sanskrut Sahityaman Bharatiya Sangit

by Prof. Dr. Suresh N. Oza

ISBN 978-81-927464-8-7

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11, ugL$W$ bgpT, pNgyf,

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Aphrs : d

L$pi hj : 2013-14

s : 500

d|e : 150/-

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kL$[ kprle_u dyM L$r[Apdp kNu[sphp : 54

rhcpN -1

(1) cfsp pV$ipdp kNus : 12 u 24

u L$pLy$hf - eS> :

u kshf :

u rp :

u L$W$ kNus :

u L$W$ kNus :

u L$W$ kNus :

u rhL$shf :

u hpv$u, khpv$u, rhhpv$u A Ayhpv$u hf :

u Npd :

(1) jX$S>Npd :

(2) dedNpd :

u cfsL$pmdp "fpN' :

u Nurs :

u cfsy "spg' kb^ u rhhfZ :

(1) q$ep :

(2) Nl :


(3) ers :

(4) ge :

(5) dpp :

(6) pV$ :

u pV$eipdp Ah hp :

u pV$eipdp e :

u pV$eipdp Ae kNuspgM :

u cfs hZhg NpeL$p v$pj :

(2) "v$rg' dp kNus :

rhcpN -2

v$rnZ cpfsue N :

(1) rkgeqv$L$pfd A 24

(2) drZdMgBdp kNus :

rhcpN -3

(1) byQqfspqv$ dlpL$pe, L$pdk|, 25 u 27

drs-kprledp kNus :

(2) hpepeL$s L$pdk|dp kNus :

(3) epohL$edrsdp kNus :

rhcpN -4

(1) NysL$pgu kNus : 27 u 31

(1) "dsN'p Ndp kNus :

(2) L$V$gpL$ S>k|pdp kNus :

(3) kL$s kprleu dyM L$rsApdp kNus :


rhcpN -5

(1) yfpZpdp kNus : 31 u 34

u Nus :

u hp :

u e :

(2) kNusp Apfpe v$h "rih' :

S>ev$h frQs "Nus Npthv$'p kdunpdL$ Aepk :

(rhij kNusp qfedp)

1. L$rh S>ev$h A NusNpthv$ : 35 u 39

(1) L$rh S>ev$h :

(2) NusNpthv$p qfQe :

2. NusNpthv$ Ap^pf S>ev$hu L$peL$gp : 39 u 45

(1) |hc|rdL$p :

(2) NusNpthv$p L$pkpf :

(3) NusNpthv$u igu :

u S>ev$hu furs :

3. "NusNpthv$' : kNusp qfedp : 45 u 60

u kN - 1 :

u kN - 2 :

u kN - 3 :

u kN - 5 :

u kN - 10 :

u kN - 11 :

u kN - 12 :


(1) kNusp Npp cph :

(2) AgL$pfippp cph :

(3) v$pirL$cph :

(4) yfpZp A sp kprlep cph :

u cpNhsu fpkQpepeu A NusNpthv$ :

u L$ZL$Zpds :

(5) NusNpthv$p Ae Df cph :

kv$c 61 u 70

klpeL$ kv$c N k|rQ 71 u 90


kL$[ kprle_u dyM L$r[Apdp kNu[sphp :

kNusp Brslpkdp B.k.u lgpp kde kNusu OZu depv$pAp

kp kL$mpegp R>, epf B.k. R>uu ispv$uu kNusipy qfh h$

OX$sf ey; Ahy kNusippp qfiugu S>ZpB Aph R>. Adpe cg

"pV$ip' A kNusipp ApNhp N NZpsp lpe, R>sp pV$ip sp

R> (6) Aepepdp kNusip kb^ u rhyg kpdNu v$p L$f R>. Ap kpu

Ae kpdNu Z S>f kdn fpMsp s uQp pQ rhcpNpdp rhcs L$fu

iL$pe :

rhcpN -1 (1) cfsy pV$ip

(2) v$rg

rhcpN -2 (1) v$rnZ cpfsue N - rkgeqv$L$pf

(2) drZdMgB.

rhcpN -3 (1) AOpj (byQqfs A kpv$fv$ dlpL$pe)

(2) hpepeL$s L$pdk|

(3) epohL$edrs

rhcpN -4 NysL$pgu kNus

(1) "dsN'p Ndp kNus

(2) L$V$gpL$ S>k|pdp kNus

(3) kL$s kprleu dyM L$rsApdp kNus

rhcpN -5 yfpZpdp kNus


rhcpN -1

(1) cfsp pV$ipdp kNus :

cfsp |hpQpepdp pfv$ sdS> hprsy pd DgMue sp ANkf

R>. S>y AykfZ he cfs L$f R>; Ahy cfsp hQpu $ B e R>.

hprsp N A S> pfv$ N^ hhv$p hsL$ L$lg R>; Ay rhje rspv$

ApS> ps u sy. pfv$ue rinpp $dp S> Ae L$pB L$rs pfv$p pd ps

pe R> sp Adp kNusy ipue rhhQ L$V$gpL$ pdpgM ky^ u rkdus R>.

bu bpbs A R> L$ rhppA A v$idu kv$u ky^udp fpMg R>. cpfsue

kNusipp Aee dpV$ S> L$B kpdNu ApS> Dg^ R>; Ap ZspApdp

cfsd|r S> Apqv$d p Aphy BA. L$dL$ Au lgp kNusip Df

frQs L$pB N ps sp u.

kNus kb^ u shpp rhhQdp cfs kNus pV$ey S> AL$ AN

v$iph R> A L$B qf[rsApdp Ap epN L$fpe, A bsph R>. lgp A rhQpf

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bspep R>.1 pV$L$dp Np^ hy lphy AV$gy S> S>$fu lsy S>V$gy s fk rkpsdp

klpeL$ A ApheL$ lpe. cfs pspp pV$eipdp kNus kb^ u shpu

ZL$pfu S> fus Apu R> s fus sp sp Ap N kNus rhiu dprlsu dpV$

Ap^pfc|s N L$lu iL$pe; S> uQ dyS>b R> :

u L$pLy$hf - eS> :

pW$dp L$W$hfp Dspf-QY$ph Ahp L$pLy$cv$, gecv$ hNf shp

kNusp Z Arc shp R>. Apu cfsL$s pV$eipp Aepe-19 en

$ kNus kb^ u lphp R>sp v$rL$ hdp Apsps kNus shpp r$Z

L$pfZ kNusu r$u Aes dlh|Z R>.


u kshf :

ks hfpp rhrc fkpu kp kb^ rs L$fZdp Z bsphg

R>. kshfpu [qs rqs hfpsgp f lpe R>. hpsQus sp pW$dp Ap

L$pf rrs Asfpgpp epN kcrhs u. cfs A kchs: pV$L$u AsNs

khf L$pepW$ Ahp pW$ dpV$ hf DeprNsp L$pfZ gu ^g R>.

u rp :

rpp A S> AhpS>y Dr p A Ap L$pfu R>. AhpS>-

Dr dpV$p Z p Df, L$W$ A dsL$ R>. dye ifuf sdS> huZp bp

ks hf A Au spfsp Deys Z ppu Av$fu uL$m R>. L$pB v|$f

Dcg eqs bpgphhu lpe sp dsL$pue, L$pB de v|$fu Df lpe sp

L$W$pue A Aes L$ lpe sp Efpue hfpp DepN L$fhp BA.

u L$W$ kNus :

L$W$ kNus dphue L$gpApdp pQu R>. R>sp Z Ay rhgjZpdL$

Aee kNus kb^ u hppp AprhL$pf R>u S> ey A Ds ey. pV$eipdp

Z Ahy S> L$y R>. kNusp hfpp b Ap^pf lpe R> : dyeu L$W$$u huZp

A gpL$X$pu huZp. Ap gpL$X$pu huZp Dfu yrsApu Dr pe R>. cpfsue

kNusipu r$A "yrs' kop M|b S> dlh|Z R>.2

u hf :

kNusp kps hf lpe R>. Adu kopAp cfs |hhs jX$S>, F>jc

hNf Ap R>.3 kps hfpp pfqfL$ Asfpg kb^ u cv$p rhjedp cfs L$l

R> L$ Ap Qpf L$pfp lpe R> : hpv$u-khpv$u-Ayhpv$u A rhhpv$u. Ap Qpfe

hfu epep Z cfs Ap R>.4 hfp Ap cv$pu epep yrsAp pfp L$fgu

R>. bu iv$pdp L$luA sp yrsApp epNu S> Ap Qpf cv$ rqds pe R>.

hfu qfcpjp Ahp gnZ cfsp Ndp ps sy u fsy dsNp Apqv$


fhs} NL$pfpA Ap rhjedp s L$kpf Ap dpZ Apep R> L$...."S> hr

Ahp pv$ he fS>L$ lpe; S> hr hrfpNu S>u lpe R> s.5

u yrs :

kNusp ehlpfdp pv$p Z L$pf R> : dv$, de A spf. Ady

p $di: v$e, L$W$ A d|^ p R>. ifuf$u huZpdp Ap $di: uQu Df sfa

e R>. fsy gpL$X$pu huZpdp Ap $d rhfus lpe R>. ipL$pfpA pdp

kNus DepNu pv$p kpdpefus 22 L$pf L$p R>; S> 22 yrsApp pdu

rk R>. A sp b^p Z R> L$ yrsAp kNusy d|g Ap^pf p R>. hfpu i|

sdS> rhL$s AhpAp Ahp ppp sp Adp ff Asfy rv$i Ap

yrsAp L$f R>. Npdy Ap^pfp Z Ap yrsAp dpe R>. fhs} ApQpepA

22 yrsAp L$lu R>. cfs pspp pV$eipdp Ap rhi Ais: L$pi pX$p

R>.6

cfs L$y R> L$ yrsApy spe A R> L$ hfpsg Z L$pfp lpe

R>. Qsy:yrs, ryrs A qyrs. Ap Ze X$sp 4+3+2 = 9 kep b

R>. Al] S>Zphg "khiysep' kop dlh|Z R>. pQu hfopA hi, dpfgu

hNf kyrjf hppp rR>pu uL$mhphpmu hr kpcep A Deys Z L$pfp

Asf ey R>. S>dL$.....

Qsy:yrs : kp - d -

ryrs : f - ^

qyrs : N - r

Ad X$hpu 9 (h) hfpsg bi. Ap dpZ ksL$dp 4 yrs

Asfhpmp Z, Z yrs Asfhpmp b A qyrs Asfhpmp b hf. Ap b^p

dmhsp 22 yrsAp dm R>. v$p.s.


4 # 3 = 12

3 # 2 = 6

2 # 2 = 4

Ly$g = 22

Deys gnZpu Aydp Ap^pf hfu epep Ap dpZ Apu

iL$pe : Ap A AyfZpdL$ pv$ R> S> L$pBZ L$pfp lpfu he D sp

lpe, S> AyfS>L$ lpe, res yrsp f [s lphp R>sp Z pspp pu

A^: L$ Dh Nrs pdhpu rhL$s sp lpe A Apdpu Ayc|rsAp Arces

L$fhpdp klpeL$ lpe. ApS> hf L$lhp dpu Au iy Ahp L$pdm kop e

opip D pe R>. fsy cfsd|r hf dpV$ Ap kopApp DepN L$fsp

u.

u rhL$shf :

cfs Ap L$pfu kopApp epN L$ep u. cfs S> hf rhij

bsphg R> s b Npdu AsNs Aphhphpmu Asf, L$pL$gu kopAp R>. Ds b hf

kp^pfZ rkhpe AL$ Ae hf kp^pfZhf rhij$ cfs DgM L$f R>. A

"H${eH$' (L$riL$) kop Apu R>. b Npdpp Ds hf kp^pfZ pfp huZp f

ApZp furQs b^p hf p dmu e R>. S>d L$....

qyrs = f, riyrs = f,

Qsyyrs = f, Qyrs = N,

ksyrs = N, jX$yrs = d

ryrs sdS> Qsyyrs = 5,

qyrs = ^ ryrs = ^,

Qsyyrs = ^, Qyrs = r.

jX$yrs sdS> ksyrs = r.7


hf kp^pfZ b Npdpp lphp pR>my L$pfZ b fus R> : ded Npddp

jX$S> kp^pfZ, ded Npddp ded kp^pfZ. Al] kp^pfZu hfrhij Arcs

R>. Apu hfkp^pfZ L$lhpe R>. A S> dpZ ded Npddp Z kp^pfZh

lpe R>. epNu k|dsp L$pfZ Ap hfkp^pfZy "L$riL$' pd DrQs S>Zpe

R>.8 AL$p Asfpg hfsp sfuL$ DgM R>; S>pu Asf "N' A L$pL$guu

rkq pe R>. bup hfrhij sfuL$ DgM L$f R>.

u hpv$u, khpv$u, rhhpv$u A Ayhpv$u hf :

kNusu Ap pqfcpqjL$ iv$phrgApp DgM cfs hfpu kp

L$ep R>. Adp DgMu pR>m cfsp dye Dv$i hfpsfpg bsphhpp lsp

Ahp Ap dpedu cfs hfpsfpgpp rv$i L$ep R>. khpv$u, rhhpv$u sdS>

Ayhpv$u sp $ fus hfpsfpgpp k|QL$ R>. S> b hfpdp kdcph Ahp 9

(h) yrs Asf sp kscph 13 (sf) yrs Asf lpe s ff khpv$u hf

lpe R>.9 Ap khpv$ |m L$ppu Z kpcmu iL$pe R>. rhhpv$u hfp rhjedp

cfsy Ap dpZy L$ R>;10 S> hfpdp 20 yrsApy Asf lpe S>dL$, f-N

A ^-r, cfsp dspykpf Ayhpv$u hf A R> L$ S> hpv$u, khpv$u A rhhpv$u

rkhpep lpe.11

Ayhpv$u hf b^ pfZ Ap dpZ R> :

jX$S> Npddp - f - N - ^ - r

F>jc Npddp - d - - r

Np^ pf Npddp - d - - ^

ded Npddp - kp - d -

rjpv$ Npddp - kp - f

hpv$uhf dpV$ Al] L$lhpey R> L$ "khpv$uhfu X$up d hf hpv$u

L$lhpe R>; S> Ap^pf dpu khpv$u, Ayhpv$ Ahp rhhpv$ [f L$fhpdp Aph


R>. b^u d|R>pApp Apfc "kp' u dpe R>. cg R>u s L$pBZ hf lpe.

Apu Ap^pfhf S> hpv$uhf R>. "kp - d' Ap b hfdp "kp' hpv$u R>. fsy "d

- kp' pe sp "d' hpv$u NZpe. L$pfZ L$ "d' p Ap^pf f "kp' p khpv$ BA

R> : Ap S> hpv$u hfdp epf 10 gnZpp epN pe R>, epf s "Ae' L$lhpe

R>.

u Npd :

Npd kop cpfsue kNusu pQu ffp kp X$pegu R>. Npdu

epep cfsp kNus kb^ u Aepep AsNs dmsu u. ep sp ku^p b Npdpp

S> DgM dm R>. fsy pV$eipp kNusAepeu rc AL$ Aepedp "Npd'

p rhjeu L$V$guL$ k|QpAp dm R>. rs sdS> yrsApu hf Npd b R>. S>

dpZ yrscv$ kNusdp Npdu kr$ L$f R>. A dpZ hrcv$ kprledp

L$peb^ u kr$ L$f R>. jX$S> sdS> ded S> L$pf b |Z hfNpd R> A dpZ

L$fZ sdS> pV$L$ Z dp b L$peb^ R>.12

Deys DgM Npdu L$pB ku^u epep v$p L$fsp u. L$pfZ L$

Al] Ap S> DgM Dv$plfZ h$ egp R>. Apu Npdu krns epep dpV$

dsN Ahp ipfPNv$h$ S>hp fhs} NL$pfp sfa q$ps L$fhp X$i.

Npd kv$c dsNy L$ kndp Ap dpZ R> : S>d hf yrs hNfy

kd|lhpQu pd R> AV$g L$ AL$ rhri$ L$pfu hfyrs ehpu AsNs S>V$gp

Z ff rc hfkd|l b R>, s b^p AL$ Npdu AsNs Aph R>. kp^pfZ

Adp Z Npdp A kd|lhpQu S> R>. kNusdp rk b Npd Ap dpZ R>.

jX$S> sdS> dedNpd, Np^ pf pdp u Npdp DgM pfv$ L$ep R>. fsy A

Ap gpL$dp eys u. L$ kdL$pgu Ae kprlep sp S>k|pdp Ap

DgM dm R>. kpdhv$u hfpu sp hfpu Npdpu Drs B R>;13 A $

bpbs R>.


dsN rkhpe ipfPNv$h Z Ap rhjedp su epep kqns$ Ap

dpZ Apgu R> : d|R>pApp Ape hf kd|l S> Npd R>. Ahp S> Ap^pf

Df d|R>pAp bphpB R>. s Ap^pfp R>.14

cfs Apg b Npd (jX$S> A ded)y rhhfZ uQ dyS>b R> :$

(1) jX$S>Npd :

jX$S> Npd kv$c cfs pV$eipdp L$y R> L$ Ap Npddp kp-.

khpv$ R> A ded Npddp f- khpv$ R>.15 rhspfu BA sp A L$lu iL$pe L$

jX$S> Npddp kp-5 khpv$ 13 yrsp Asfu L$fpe R>. ded Npddp "5' ryrsL$

B S>hpu kp-5 khpv$ 12 yrsp Asf L$pfZ d-N B e R>. fsy kp -

cphu f - khpv$ 9 yrsApp Asfu L$fhp gpN R>. cpfsue kNusdp Z

Ap b S> yrs Asfhpmu dye hf X$u dpu R>.

(2) dedNpd :

ded Npdprp rhjedp cfsp rps k|p S> fhs}

NL$pfpA A^pf dpg R>. dedNpddp "5' AL$ yrs AL$j L$fpe R>.16

pQu NL$pfpA "Npd' p $dp pspu d|m hfphqg rqs L$fu

R>; S>p Ap^pf Df d|R>py rdpZ ey lsy. d|R>pu epep cfs sdS>

fhs} NL$pfpA Apgu R>.17 AL$ epep Ap^pf L$lu iL$uA L$ $du ksL$

hfpp Apfpl-Ahfpl L$fhpu d|R>pApy rdpZ pe R>. kps hf L$pB Z

lpe Aps L$pBZ Asfpghpmp lpe, Ap epN kshfpp DgM L$ep R>.

Ay pdpe kNusfpL$fu ps pe R>.18 AV$g L$ Npd AL$ Ahp hfkd|l

R> L$ S> d|R>pqv$p Ape lpe.

d|R>p Qpf L$pfu lpe R> :

(1) |Zp d|R>p - S>dp kps hf lpe.

(2) jpX$huhsp d|R>p - S>dp R> hf lpe.


(3) ApX$huhsp d|R>p - S>dp pQ hf lpe.

(4) kp^pfZuhsp d|R>p - S>dp hf kp^pfZp

epN lpe. Aps L$pL$rg hfp. ApNmp b Npd kp d|R>p epe R>.

u cfsL$pmdp "fpN' :

cfsp Ndp rsApy S> rhhfZ dm R>; Apu A sus pe R>

L$ ApS> S> Adp "fpN' cpfsue kNusy ApheL$ sh R>, A rhss Adp sp

rrs fus Qpfdp lsy. "fpN' hf sdS> cphp Ahp kdhe R>; S> s

rhri$ h$ v$p L$f R>. "fpN' A cpfsue kNusy S> l], fsy rh kNusy

Aqsue sh R>. ppe "dgpX$u'Ay bp $ S> dphpdp Aph R>.

cfsL$pmdp fpNp h$ Qpf AN cfsp L$V$gpL$ AhsfZp L$pi

pX$ R> : Aihfp 10 gnZp Apsp kde "{Z dg{V amJVw md

dVVo' Ap dpZ fpNp DgM dm R>. fS>L$hp Adp S> Ap "fpN' kop

rss pe R>. AL$ Ae mp DgM fu rhppA rL$j L$pY$p R> L$ cfs

NpdfpNpp DgM L$ep R>.19 Al] iL$p pe R> L$ Ap kN "fpN' u S>

Arcs lpe sp cfs "fpN' kop L$d ep l] ? kp kp A Z S>Zpe R>

L$ |hhs} gpL$dp "fpN' fS>L$hp Adp ep R>.20

u Nurs :

kpdpe fus Nursp Npq$ep kp kb^ li. L$ cfsu NursApp

hfrhepk Ahp hfepNu kp Ap kb^ S>Zpsp u. Apd R>sp

Npq$epdp eys v$p Ahp pu hZ kOV$pu kb^ S>Zpe R>. Ap r$A

cfs pfp bsphpegu Qpf NursAp rhrc Ne R>v$p AsNs Anf rhepku

kb^ fpM R>. Qpf NursAp sdS> Adu krns epep cfsps Aidp B

iL$pe R>.21


V|$L$dp "Nursp v$pdp Anfpu kOV$pdp "kcprhspNurs' sdS> gOy

Anfpu kOV$pu' ygpNurs'u Dr pe R>. dpN^u sdS> A^dpN^u

NursApp kb^ Nursp v$p u Aphr Ahp yfphru q$epu

kp R>.

u cfsy "spg' kb^ u rhhfZ :

cfs spg kb^ u 31dp Aepey pd "spg eS>L$' Apg R>. cfsp

kNus kb^ u Aepepdp Ap Aes rhss Aepe R>. ^hpp spg kb^ u lpe

R>. Apu "^hp'p Z Ap Aepedp kdphi pe R>.

"Vmb' iv$ Vb ^psy Dfu ey egp R>; S>p A "lpu

lmu' ghpdp Apep R>. dprgL$ $ Ap lp pfp spg Ahp ApOpsu L$pg

(kde) Arces L$fhpp S> DgM rss pe R>. spg rhjedp cfs L$fg

rhcpNpu QQpp V|$L$kpf Al] fSy> L$ep R> :

(1) q$ep :

q$epy spgdp dlh|Z p R>. Ap q$ep kiv$ A r:iv$ Ad

b L$pfu lpe R>,

* kiv$ q$epp Qpf L$pf bspep R>. S>dL$...

(i) ^hp : S>dp QV$up iv$ (hr) lpe R>.

(ii) iep : S>dp S>dZp lpp ApOps lpe R>.

(iii) spg : S>dp X$pbp lp KQp L$fu ApOps Aphpp lpe R>.

(iv) krps : S>dp b lpp ff ApOps Aphpp lpe R>.

* r:iv$ q$epAp Z Df dpZ pe R>; S>p Z Qpf L$pf R>.

(i) Apgp : lp Df DW$phu ApNmuAp Ly$rQs L$fhu.

(ii) rL$d : lmuAp A^pdyM fpMu 6 (R>) ApNmuAp agphhu.

(iii) rhn : lmu Df fpMu ApNmuAp agphu S>dZu bpSy> lp

gB S>hp.


(iv) hi : lmu A^pdyM fpMu ApNmuAp Ly$rQs L$fhu.

(2) Nl :

Nus sdS> spgp Apfc b kp Ahp ApNm-pR>m hp

kNusepNdp ApS> Z B iL$pe R>. Ap S> Nlp L$pf L$lhpe R>. pQuL$pmdp

Z AV$gp Ar^L$ Qpf lsp L$ A DrQs ehlpf hpv$u ^rsdp fpMg lsp.

Nlpp Z Qpf L$pf Apep R>. S>dL$

(i) kdNl : epf Nus sdS> spgp AL$ kp Apfc lpe.

(ii) AsusNl : Nuspfc ep R>u spgp Apfc pe.

(iii) rhjdNl : Arerds$u Nus spgp Apfc pe.

(iv) ApNsNl : Nusu i$Aps lgp spgp Apfc pe.

(3) ers :

v$s, de sdS> rhgrbs gepu kyv$fsp dmhpp dpN AV$g ers,

S> pQ L$pfu lpe R>. kders, NpyR>p hNf.

(4) ge :

v$s, de sdS> rhgrbs Ap Z L$pfp ge lpe R>; S>dp de

ge "dpZL$gp' L$lg R>.

(5) dpp :

rdjpu dpp sdS> dppApp AL$uL$fZu L$gpAp b R>.

(6) pV$ :

"pV$' spghN}e hpp f hNpX$hphpmp hZpnfp L$lg R>.

Deys dprlsu cfsp pV$eip Ap^pqfs R> Apd R>sp Ap bpbs

Df kNusp Nl Aepk AsNs rhij L$pi L$fZ - 8dp pX$g R>.

u pV$eipdp Ah hp :

cfsL$pmdp |hps Qpf L$pfp hp Qpfdp lsp. cfs pspp N


(A.33)dp eL$ hNu rc rc Ah hNp hppp rhjedp rhss

A spqhL$ QQp L$fu R>; S>dp Ap hppp L$pf, Au rhijspAp A DepNpp

rhjedp ZL$pfu ps pe R>. Ap rkhpe dv$N, Zh sdS> vy$v$fp hpv$p

rhjedp rhij$ kpdNu ps pe R>. Ap kv$c Ap Aepep pfc cfs

hprs sdS> pfv$ Z Np^ h sdS> hppu QQp L$fu R>, Ad S>Zph R>. fsy

Adp N ApS> ps u A Ap rkhpe lgp L$pBZ gML$ App DgM Z

L$ep u.22

u pV$eipdp e :

pV$eipdp kp d ey ipue rhhfZ ps pe R>. ep

rhrc AN, eN, lp, N sdS> Ae ANpu NrsAp hNf Df cfs

Np Qpp Aepedp DgM L$ep R>. Apu L$lu iL$pe L$ effp Z kNusp

Ae shpu S>d eps rhL$qks Ahpdp lsu. ep ANp, DpNpu rhrh^sp

hNf Au ipuespp Z kL$s v$p L$f R>. cfs pfp bsphg L$V$gpL$ dypAp

sp kdL$pgu d|rsL$gpdp Z B iL$pe R>.

cfsp e kb^ u dlh|Z shp kndp Ap fus B iL$pe R>.

edp ifufp b^p ANpp epN L$fhpdp Aphsp lsp. cfs AprNL$ Arce

AsNs ep DgM L$ep R>. Aepe - 4 rkhpe cfs Aepe-8 dp DpNpp

rhjedp QQp L$fu R>. ep DpNp AsNs dsL$, r$, , |smu, cdf,

pL$, lpW$, Npg, v$pY$u, dyM sdS> Nmy hNfu kbr^s dypAp Aph R>. Np

9dp Aepedp ep ANpp Arce kbr^ rhhfZ R>. Aepe-10dp R>psu,

L$df, V$, O, sdS> Nu rhrc qf[rsAp, NrsAp Ahp Ds ANu

kbr^s Arce Df L$pi pX$g R>. Aepe-12 A 13dp dX$m A Qpg

Ahp Nrs rhjeL$ DgM dm R>.


V|$L$dp cfsL$pm ky^ u e rrs $ AV$gy gpL$re sdS> Qrgs fy

li L$ Ap kds rhhfZy ApV$gy ipue h$ dmu iey. ep b L$pf

spX$h A gpe R>. spX$he ANlpfp sdS> fQL$u kp L$fg R>; epf phsuA

L$pdm e L$ey lsy. Ap edp dv$N, cqf, V$l, qX$qX$d, NpdyM, Zh, vy$v$f

hNf kNsp $dp eys eg lsp.23

u pV$eipdp Ae kNuspgM :

Deys dye DgMp rkhpe Z cfs pspp Ndp kNusp Ae

DepNu DgMp L$ep R>; S> V|$L$dp Ap dpZ fSy> L$ep R> :

* cfs pspp Ndp "rs' rhip DgMp L$ep R>.24 Ap kop pV$L$

sdS> kNus DepNu R>. cfs Aphu rsp 10 gnZpy r$Z L$ey R>.25

* cfs pspp Ndp pV$pepNu hZ, AgL$pfpqv$ Ahp pV$L$ AsNs

e|s hphpmp kNusdp hZ, AgL$pfpqv$p DgM L$ep R>. cfs S> fus

pW$pepNu Qpf hZ Dv$p-Ayv$p-hqfs sdS> L$rs bsphg R>. A S> fus

kNus DepNu Z Qpf hZ bsphg R> : Apfplu-Ahfplu-peu A kQpfu.

AgL$pfpp rhjedp cfsy A L$ R> L$ hZpp Ape Ahp Ap f Ap^pqfs

s lpe R>.26 sZ 33 L$pfp AgL$pfp bspep R>. kpqv$, kps,

kpes, kde, kd, rbvy$, rh, h, L$rs, L$yVy$qfs, frQs, Mprgs,

spfdk, dspfk, spf, kpv$, DR>prls, DgpL$, $d, ry$rS>s,

gpv$dp, frS>s, AphsL$, qfhsL$, Dv$OpqV$s, AprnsL$, kv$pe, lrksd, lL$pf,

kr^R>pv$, rh|s, Dv$Nus A Np.

Ap rkhpe ^psy hZ, ^hp hZ, NpeL$-hpv$L$p NyZ-v$pj,

huZphpv$L$p NyZ, R>v$ epN hNfy hZ L$fg R>.

u cfs hZhg NpeL$p v$pj :

cfs NpeL$p v$pjpy k|dspu hZ L$f R> : L$rg, Aeh[s,


A[f, kv$$ Ahp v$ps uku Nphy, sybL$u, pL$u Nphy hNf cfs NpeL$p

v$pjp sfuL$ bsph R>. epf hpcprhL$ L$W$ hf B e R> epf s L$rg NpeL$u

L$lhpe R>. L$W$dp L$a S>dp lpe A Apu uL$msp hr Z L$rg L$lhpe R>.

A[f L$W$hf AsNs hfu Arerds Y$spu DZ lphu s R>.

(2) "v$rg' dp kNus :

v$rgd|rp N S> kNus Df L$$ gMpeg R> s |Z N rss

sp u. cfs pspp Ndp kNuspepNu S> S> shpy rhspfu hZ L$ey R>

s sdpd shpp krns $dp Al] dp pdpgM egp R>.

rhcpN -2

v$rnZ cpfsue N :

(1) rkgeqv$L$pfd A (2) drZdMgBdp kNus :

Ap b srdg dlpL$pep R>. bu ispv$up kprlreL$ dpZp AsNs

Ady Aes dlh|Z p R>; S> L$pf cfsp pV$eipdp ipue kNusu$fMp rhss $ dmu Aph R>. A dpZ Ap L$pep ipue N lphp R>spZ kNusp ipue np eps qfQe Ap R>. Apy dlh App kpdprS>L$sp kpL$rsL$ qfpdp B iL$pe R>. Ap Nu kNus sp eu DrufpQL$ L$p dmu Aph R>;

AL$ hMs Bp v$fbpfdp kNusep kde Dhiu sdS> Byesp AyrQs ehlpf B ANe Dhiu hep sdS> es hpkdp S>dghpp ip Apep. fsy F>rj ips L$fhpu A ip ApR>p L$ep L$ e kNuspkb^ es kp ldip b^ peg fli A Dhi}p kspp Ap kdedp huZli.27

Al] kNusu kbr^s AL$ shpp DgM L$fpeg R>. S>dL$ hf,v$, ksL$, fpN, ge, spg hNf. Npe AsNs hf-rh^p, fpN-Npe, spg-gep kepN, Nus-fQp, hppu epe kNrs sp eu kNrsp DgM Z

ps pe R>.


rhcpN -3

(1) byQqfspqv$ dlpL$pe, L$pdk|, drs-kprledp kNus :

B.k. R>uu ispv$up Npdp Ap kprlepy dlh|Z p R>.

Ap kNusp rhrc np f L$pi pX$ R>. Ap L$pmp dyM Np cfsL$s

pV$ip S>hp kprsL$ Nu ehlpqfL$spp kL$s L$f R>. Ap b^p Np

bp^du kbr^s R>. kNusu AsNs S>d lgp B Nep R>uA sd Npe,

hpv$ sdS> ep kdphi pe R>. Al] Z Ap Z shp ps pe R>. e,

Npe sp hpv$; epfL$ AL$ kp sp epfL$ rc-rc $ DgMus R>. dp

hpv$ S>p cfs "~{hJuV' sp fhs} ipfPNv$h iyL$ hpp pdu DgM L$ep

R>. sp Al] Z DgM B iL$pe R>.28 Nus, hp sp e dpV$ Al] "kNus'

kop ps pe R>; A AL$ L$gp Z L$lg R>.29

Npep DgMp AL$ m B iL$pe R>. Npe fpS>dlgu ipcp

NZhpdp Aphsy lsy. fpS>dlg huZp hNfu hr rkhpe Nushru Z N|S>sp

lsp.30 Nus OZp L$pfp lsp. "~wM{aV' dey sdS> fZNusp DgM L$f R>.

deyNus kchs: Nusp s L$pf li; S> L${Zfkp psL$ R>; S>u rhjehsy

deyu kbr^s li. ApS> S> ApZ "dfiuep'p pdu ApmMue R>uA. byu

dey kbr^s QQpdp Aphg deyNusu A Aydp L$fu iL$pe L$ deyNusy

rhjehsy kchs: eqs rhiju deyOV$pu kbr^s li. Aphp Nus KQp

hfu l] fsy dv$hf Ahp kNusu cpjpdp dv$ Ahp de ksL$dp Nhpsp

lsp.31 A S> dpZ fZNusp DgM Z ey-rhS>e hNfu kbr^s rhjehsyu

eys Nusp S> kL$s L$f R>; S> hufp Dkplus L$fhp dpV$ Adu uAp Npsu

lsu.32 hppp Qpf hNp dpV$ Al] L$V$guL$ hu kopAp L$pidp Aph R>.33Al]ep

sshp kv$c huZpp dyM L$pfpp DgM ps pe R>. S>dL$...dlsu,

qfhpqv$u, hgL$u, kyOpjL$, hgfu sp hg|hpXy$.34


(2) hpepeL$s L$pdk|dp kNus :

L$pdk|dp kp d L$gpApy ipue h$ ps pe R>. kNusp

$ DgM A rk L$f R> L$ kNusp eps Qpf lsp. Ap kprle sL$pgu

kpdprS>L$ Ahpp AL$ rQspf Ap R>. kNus gML$ Ae L$gpApu AsNs

kp d p v$p L$fg R>. kNusu AsNs Aphhphpmu Z L$gpApy dlh|Z

p lsy. S>dL$ Nus, hp A e. kNus dpV$ hpepe "Np^ h' kopp

epN L$f R>. Al] AL$ S>epA "JmYdembm' kop eys egu R>.35 L$pdk|dp

"gJrVH$m{Z' kop Z eys egu hp dm R>.36 Npe fQp Df Z Al]

ApriL$ L$pi pX$hpdp Apep R>. Ady L$ R> L$ kyv$f, kyd y^f kNus Ahp

Npe u-yfyjp ff d prsy dped lpe R>. duy pd A Npedp

Aphsy lsy.37 App Dfu Ahp rL$j uL$m R> L$ A kdedp dp kNusp

L$pe$dp S> sp lsp; fsy Ap ehlpqfL$ n Z bm lsp. R>sp ipue

rhQpf s kde L$fhpdp Aphsp lsp.38 kNusy kdpS>dp dlh|Z p lphpp

kL$s Ap rinprh^pu Z dmu fl R>. kNusp DepN rhhplpqv$ kpdprS>L$

kNp f rhij fus sp. rhhplp Z qv$hk lgpu AL$ kspl ky^ u Npe-

hpv$ hNf sy lsy. Ap kN V$ Z pspp L$pe$d sys L$fsp lsp.39

Ap dpZ ApZ B iL$uA R>uA L$ L$pdk|p DgM A seu

yr$ L$f R> L$ epfp kdpS> kNusdu lsp.

(3) epohL$edrsdp kNus :

Ap kdep khpr^L$ dlh|Z ^ prdL$ kprley rsrr^h epohL$e

drs L$f R>. ApQpfpqv$ redpp rhhQ rkhpe kNpyL|$g kNusp Z A

R>sp dlh|Z Aipp DgM Ap Ndp B iL$pe R>. bpZ ^dp N A

bpZ pfp fQpeg lphp gu ^ "kpd'y dlh bsphhy hpcprhL$ lsy. fsy

"dydrs'u rhfus Al] Np^ hkNus Ahp Qrgs kpdsf kNusy Z dlh


bsphg R>. "kpd'p dlhp rhjedp L$V$gpL$ mp Df L$lg R> L$ "S> eqs

kpdy Aee L$f R> s v$hspAp k L$f R>.40$ S> eqs "kpd'y Npe

eprhr^ khf sdS> kph^pu, AL$pNsp L$ Aepku L$f R> s bu pk e

R>.'41 huZpp DgM Al] AL$ m eg R>. hv$p Aee kde huZpp

hr bp^L$ dpg lsp.42 Apu Aeeu AL$pNspdp cN hpu ApiL$p fl

R>. Al] "bpZ' pdL$ issu huZpp DgM Z Aph R>. kchs: Ap huZp

Ap kdedp ^ prdL$ Ahkfp Df h^pf DepNdp Aphsu lsu. huZphpv$p shpp

sp yrs, rs sdS> spg hNfp Ly$im opsp dpn dpN ps L$f R>.43 Ap

gpL$u kNusu $spy dpZ dmu fl R>. A S> dpZ Nuso dpV$ Z Al]

L$lhpey R>.44

Ap dpZ Ap kdep dpZpu A rL$j L$pY$u iL$pe R> L$ kNus

L$pB L$pB fus b^p hNpdp hiu Q|ey lsy. ipue kNus epe Z r

dphpdp Apey u. hep hN pfp ipue fus S> L$B rkps lsp A AV$gp

kyrhL$kus sdS> $db lsp L$ fhs} NL$pfpA A iv$k: Dspfu gu^p.

rhcpN -4

(1) NysL$pgu kNus :

NysL$pm cpfsue Brslpk sdS> kL$rsp kyhZeyN L$lhpe R>. Ap

L$pmdp b^u L$gpApu Drs B; S> rhL$pkp QfdpL$j kde L$lu iL$pe. Ap

kdep kNus Df L$pi pX$hphpmp kprlepdp Ar^L$sf pV$L$p Aph R>. S>dL$;

cpk, i|L$ sdS> L$prgv$pkL$s rhrc Np. Apdp pV$L$p AN$dp kNusp

DgM sp R> S>; kp kp kNusu ipue iv$phguAp Z ps pe R>; S>

rhL$pky k|Q L$f R>. Ap kdedp L$V$gpL$ S>k|py Z dlh|Z p lsy.

R>sp Ap kde rhi dscv$ R>. Apd R>sp Z Ap k|p buu pQdu ispv$uu

hQ S> S>Zpe R>.


NysL$pmdp cpfsue kL$rsp rhyg rhspf ep. Ap kpu dlh|Z

N dsN dyrp "blv$v$iu' R>.

(1) "dsN'p Ndp kNus :

NysL$pgu kNus Df cph pX$hphpmp sdS> pV$u kNusp N

dsNp blv$v$iu Aes dlh|Z R>. v$rgp Nu S>d Ap Aes krns

u. R>sp Ap Z L$V$gpe Ai MqX$s R>; S> ApS> Ape R>. R>sp S> h$ dm

R> s NysL$pgu rhL$kus kNusL$gpp psL$ dpu iL$pe R>. blv$v$iudp fpNpepe,

hfpepe, sdS> b^ pepe S> dm R>. e sdS> hppepe dmsp u. R>sp

ArchNys kyrjfhppp kv$cdp sp pev$h huZp Df Z dsN Dv$ ^s

L$fg R>. Ap Ai ApS> Ape R>.

dsNp Ap Ndpu S> L$B kNuspgM ps pe R> sp V|$L$kpf

Al] Apep R>. cfsps kshf d|R>p rkhpe bpf hfpu d|R>pApp Z

dsN DgM L$f R>.45 Npdp hfpdpu eL$ AL$ R>u AL$ ApfqcL$ ppu

gB Apfpl-Ahfpl bphhpu q$ep cfspykpf L$lu iL$pe. dsN A kshf

d|R>p L$l R>. dsN pfp jX$S> A dedNpdu pv$i hf d|R>p pR>m

Apg R>. Npedp hs fQpAp "b^ ' p $ Zu iL$pe R>. "b^ p'p

cfs L$pB DgM L$ep u. pV$L$u ^hpApp DgM rhhfZ krls L$fg R>;

A S> Npep b^ py krns h$ L$lu iL$pe.

Apd blv$v$iudp b^ QQp, d|R>pu rsAp, Apgp-QQp hNf

L$fg R>. L$ Ap N kNusfpL$f S>V$gp rhss u R>sp Adp S> Z r$Z

dm R> s eps S>Zpe R>.

(2) L$V$gpL$ S>k|pdp kNus :

S>k|pdp kNusp L$V$gpL$ Aes fpQL$ DgMp Aph R>. rhij L$fu

hppp L$V$gpL$ pd Ahp Apep R> L$ S>p Ae DgM ps u. kNusp


ipue n Df Z L$V$gpL$ L$pi pX$hpdp Apep R>. hf, Npd, d|R>p

hNfp DgMp Al] Apep R>. fsy d|R>pApp pdpp cfsu S>d kdp

$d u dmsp. Al] Np^ pf Npdu Z d|R>p bsphpB R>. Npe Ahp Nus

kb^ u AL$ DgM e sdS> hpu kp B iL$pe R>.46 kNus dpV$ "Np^ h'

kop Z Al] ps pe R>.47 Nusp Z ApL$pf, R> v$pj, ApW$ NyZ sdS>

hp Z L$pf L$lg R>. jX$S>, F>jc hNf ks hfpp sp Ap kps

ppp DgM Z ps pe R>. Ad "Ord- {ZgV' L$lu hfpp kb^

Sy>v$p Sy>v$p h kp X$pegp R>.48 hpv$ kv$c Z Al] DgM ps pe R>.

Al] iM, tkNiM, Mfd|lu, ep, rqfrqfep, Zh, X$l, ccp, lpfcp,

cqf, Tgfu, vy$vy$cu, d|fe hNf |hps Qpf L$pfp hppp DgM L$f

R>.49ep Z A-s DgMp dmu Aph R>. v$pfu Df QY$u e L$fhy sdS>

gp e b L$pfp ep Qpfdp lsp.

(3) kL$s kprleu dyM L$rsApdp kNus :

NysL$pgu kprlqeL$ L$rsApdp Ds gML$pu fQpAp Aes dlh|Z

p ^fph R>. Ap kNusp ehlpqfL$ sdS> ipue b np f kdp $

L$pi pX$ R>. L$prgv$pkp Np sp Ahy S>Zpe R> L$ sAp he kNusL$pfp

kL$pfp ^ fphsp li. L$pfZ L$ phsup AhpS>u d y^fspy hZ L$fsp kde sAp

Ardgu huZpu L$L$i hrp rrS> Aych Z bsph R>.50 Ds kprlepdp

kNus dpV$ |h Qrgs "Np^ h' kopu kp "kNus' kop Z rhij L$fu ps

pe R>.51

kNus L$gp AsNs dpsy lsy. A DgMue R> L$ i|$L$ kNusp

DgM "L$gp hriL$u' Aps hep hNu kbr^s $dp L$fg R>.52 Npe dpV$

"Nus' kopp DepN L$fg R>.53 Npep b h$p gpqL$L$ sdS> ipue $

B iL$pe R>. gpqL$L$ Npep Aepk drlgp hNdp rhij lsp. eipNp kchs:


fpApp kyL$epu kbr^s Npe lsy. L|$bfp eipNpp DgM Z B

iL$pe R>. fpApp Qqf Ahp Dd yfyjpp Qqf Df L$rh L$pe fQp L$fsp

lsp. L$ W$ sdS> Npe b epe lpsp. hpduqL$ fpdpeZ Aphp L$pfy

W$ sdS> Npe epe L$pe R>; S> fpdQ S>hp kyfyj fpp hp Qqfy

Npe R>.54

rhS>eNusp DgMp Z Al] dmu Aph R>. S> QpfZ, hsprgL$ sp

N^ h qL$fpqv$ pfp Nphpdp Aphsp. rhS>eNus pd dpZ $ R> L$ eqs

Ahp fp rhijp rhS>eu kbr^s fQp lpe R>. Apdp rhS>eNus Nphphpmp

N^ h sdS> QpfZ, cpV$ hNf reys L$fhpdp Aphsp. rihu kpdp Z Aphp

NpeL$ hp dm R>. cpV$pu p ApS> Z cpfsdp L$V$gpL$ pp f B iL$pe

R>. S> rhhpl kN Aphu Nusp Npe R>. ipue Npe AsNs kNusu

pqfcprjL$ kopAp B iL$pe R>. kpdpes: ipue Npeu AsNs rps

shpp kdphi L$fg R>. Npedp ge, spg, lphcph, fpN, Nurs, hZ, d|R>p,

Apgp q$ep, Nusp fkcph sdS> sy R>v$pb lphy, ks iy hf sp rhL$s

hfpp epN hNf dyM sh R>.55 Al] fpN-Npe, hZ, hpv$ hNfp L$pfpu

QQp hp dm R>. Ap dpZ Npep ipue ndp Npep fkcphu kb^

Z $ B e R>. Ds DgMp sp A L$lhy epe S>Zpe R> L$ Ap kdedp

ipue kNusp rhyg Qpf lsp sdS> Ar^L$pi S>spu {rQ Z AV$gu S>

rirns lsu L$ S> s kd iL$. hp kv$c Al] sshp dlh|Z hp fy R>;

S>u AsNs huZp dlhy hp R>. A AL$ f kdp dphpdp Aphg R>; S>

kdyd kde ps eg lsy.56 huZp AV$gy b y^ dlh|Z hp lsy L$ L$rh

d|[R>s uu Ddp dpV$ kp d huZpu S> epv$ Aphu.57 ArhZ fp ldip

huZp sdS> up kplQedp d flsp lsp.58 Dv$e hfv$p $ dmg Opjhsu

huZp Z Ap hpy k|Q L$f R>. Ap rkhpe Al] Ah hp, kyrjf hp, ^


hp hNfp DgMp dmu Aph R>. huZphpv$ pfp S> uApA ArhZ

ApL$rjs L$ep lsp.59

rhcpN -5

(1) yfpZpdp kNus :

Apd sp yfpZpp fQpL$pm Arrs R>. Ap rhjedp OZp dscv$p

R>. R>sp Z NysL$pmu Apkpk Aphhphpmp yfpZpdp dyes: sp kNusu

r$u dlh|Z sdS> pQusd yfpZp rrgrMs R>. hpey, dpL$X$e, sp

rh^dpsf yfpZ. kNusp kpqsL$ ny rhyg rhhfZ rh^dpf yfpZdp

B iL$pe R>. ldip hpeyyfpZ sdS> dpL$X$e yfpZp DgMp Z Acv$u

kp S> Al] ps pe R>. yfpZpdp kNusp DgM Ap Z ANp Nus, hp

sdS> eu kp S> ps pe R>. yfpZpdp kNusu Dr kb^ u AL$ pfprZL$

L$pAp Z B iL$pe R>. rhij L$fu hpeyyfpZ sp Ahu AL$ L$pApu cfg

R>. epL$ rih sp epL$ Ae v$hspu kp kNus Dru L$p X$pegu R>.60

yfpZpdp A hps Z rhij hp dm R> L$ eopu kp kNus Or$

h$ X$pegy lsy. eopu kp kNusp Ap kb^ hv$L$pmu R>. AV$g L$ hv$pp

L$pmu S> Ap kb^ Qpep Aph R>. R>sp Z Al] Ap kb^ h^pf Or$ B

Nep. AV$gp b^p Or$ L$ "sp'p pd Dfu eopp pd Aphp gpep. Ap

L$pfp L$V$gpL$ DgM dsNdyrA Z "blv$v$iu'dp L$fg R>. yfpZpdp DgqMs

kNus Z rhcpNdp uQ dyS>b B iL$pe R> : Nus, hp A e.

u Nus :

yfpZpdp Z Npdpu QQp hp dm R>.61 cfs Np^ pfNpdp DgM

L$ep u. Ap Ap^pf Df L$V$gpL$ rhppA cfs rh^dpf yfpZ R>u

dpg R>. fsy S>hu fus rsq rhjeL$ dscv$ R>. Ap Ap^pf Df Ap L$BL$ epe

S>Zpsy u. Apde cfsp DgMp S> Ar^L$ pQu S>Zpe R>. yfpZpdp Ar^L$pi


A S> $dp AyL$fZ L$fu gu ^g R>. Adp 15 Np^ pf NprdL$pAp sp 49 sppp

eopp pdpu kp DgM dm R>; S> dsN Z L$ep R>. kNusp Z pp

Df, L$W$ A dsL$p kp d DgM L$fg R>. Au kp S> dv$, de sdS> spf

ksL$p Z $ DgM L$fhpdp Apep R>.62 Au rhss epep "cfs'

kb^ u Aepedp B iL$pe R>. epf bpv$ Z Npdpu QQp dm R>. hpeyyfpZ

L$ Z Npdpp DgM L$f R>; R>sp L$y R> L$; jX$S> sdS> ded Npd hu Df

Qrgs R>. Np^ pf Npd hN dpV$ k|frns R>.63

u hp :

yfpZpdp kNusy buSy> sh hp Z Ap dlhu kp AV$gy S>

DgqMs R> S>V$gy L$ d sh Nus R>. hppp ffpNs Qpf L$pfp ss, kyrjf,

^ A Ahp DgM rhyfpZdp B iL$pe R>.64 Ae yfpZpdp Z

hppp DgM ep p L$fg R>. Ap Qpf L$pfp hppp gNcN cfsps

rh^pu kdp S> R>. su hppu hpv$rhr^ sdS> Au ^psy hNfy rhiv$

hZ cfs kp kdhe kp ^ R>. spgp rhjedp Z AV$gy S> L$lhy DrQs fli

L$ yfpZpdp S> DgM R> s cfsu Sy>v$p u. Ap dpZ Ae L$pfp sdS>

skb^ u rhhfZ cfsu S>d S> dm R>. hppp S> S> pd dm R>; Adp Z L$pB

rhsp S>Zpsu u.

u e :

Arce sdS> e kb^ u DgM cfsy S> AyL$fZ gpN R>. Apu

Au y{$qs Al] ApheL$ R>. Apd Ds yfpZpdp DgMue ep ipue

Ahp kpqsL$ n Df AV$gp Ar^L$ L$pi pX$ R> L$ ep Ap Aydp Z

cpdL$ flsp sp ehlpqfL$ n Z AV$gp S> bm b R>. |hNpp cph

lphp R>sp Z Ap DgMpy pspy Z rhij dlh R>; S> AhNZu

iL$pe.


(2) kNusp Apfpe v$h "rih' :

5fdpdpA kS>g rh fdpdpu gugpc|rd dphpdp Aph R>.

Npu hgc L$epu fpkgugp A { rihu spX$hegugp fbp pv$

kNusp, iv$bp dplf suL$p R>. uL$Z hpkmup k|f Qph R>, sp

rih X$d{p spg spX$he L$f R>. hpkmu A X$d{ hNpX$u fdpdp Z

L$gl-L$L$pkp L$L$i k|fpu cfgp dph hdp k-klL$pfp khpv$u k|fp

fgphhpu BR>p pe R>.

rihyfpZu is{$u krlspdp L$y R> L$ rih sL$p Ahspf gB

dp A rldpgeu pk Adu L$ep phsuu dpNZu L$fu lsu. eu dypApu

k B sdZ pspu L$ep phsup g rih kp L$ep. rih sp pZre

phsu k L$fhp fpS> kepL$pm L$gpip kcpMX$dp spX$hep L$pe$d epS>

R>. su S> rih kNus, e pV$L$p Ar^rs v$h NZpep R>.65 ApS> Z

e-pV$L$p L$pe$d AN fNc|rd Df kp d cNhp V$fpS> hv$ L$fpe

R>. V$f sp L$gpL$pfpp Apfpe v$h R>. v$rnZ cpfsp eL$ rihdqv$fdp

V$fpS>u L$gpdL$ d|rs ipcsu lpe R>. spX$he L$fu rihA v$neo, spfL$pk|f,

A^ L$pk|f, r|V$ hNf AL$pL$ fpnkp dpep lsp. sp L$pp spX$he pfp

sAp hup ge L$f R>. Ap S> e pfp sAp kr$y kS> Z L$f R>. su

V$f rih klpf A kS> bp v$h dpe R>.

e kde Qsyc|S> V$fpS> AL$ lp X$d$ hNpX$ R>; epf bu lpdp

Ar fpM R> A bu b lp ifZ sdS> Ace dypdp lpe R>. ihippdp

Ahy Z L$y R> L$ X$d{p hpv$dpu Qpv$ dplf k|p uL$ep A k|p Ap^pf

dlp epL$fZipu prZqA "dlpL$pe'u fQp L$fu. Al] mhoam{U AV$g

"hoamX AmJVm{Z &' dlf iL$f pku ps egp Ap Qpv$ k|p "dplf

k|p' L$lhpe R>. ffpNs fus Ahy dpe R> L$ cNhp iL$f spX$he L$ep R>u


Qpv$hpf$ pspy X$d$ hNpX$y lsy. Adpu S> hrAp uL$ep s Ap Qpv$ k|p.66

' { rihy spX$h e DN R>, sp phsuy gpe e kyL$pdm R>. Ap b ep

pfp kr$p kS> A klpfy L$pe Qpep L$f R>. rihyfpZu "isfyukrlsp'

dp Ahy Z L$y R> L$ tgNh$ dlpv$h Apv$deu epr iqs phsu kp

X$pB dlpe L$f R>. Ap Ap^pf rih-phsuy keys "A ^pff' h$

A[shdp Apey.67


S>ev$h frQs "Nus Npthv$'p kdunpdL$ Aepk :

(rhij kNusp qfedp)

1. L$rh S>ev$h A NusNpthv$ :

"NusNpthv$' kL$s L$rh S>ev$h pfp frQs AL$ Ayd L$pe R>; S>dp

fp^p-L$Zu L$rg L$pAp sp Adu Arckpf gugpApp Aes fkde rQZu

kp dp b^p S> cpfsue $py M|b S> sdesp sdS> Ly$imspu hZ L$fg

R>. kdN kL$s kprledp Ap AL$ Ae L$pfu kyv$f fQp R>. "NusNpthv$'

ApeprdL$ iNpfp AL$ Aes dpfd L$pe N R>; S>dp iv$ A Ay Ahy

dpdy^ kpdS>e R> L$ kL$su AfuqQs eqs Z Apu cprhs ep

rhp flu iL$su u. L$Z-cqs kprledp "Nus-Npthv$' ^dNy p

pe ey R>. u hgc kv$pedp Z Ap L$pe udv$cpNhsyfpZ S>V$gy

rs$us NZhpdp Aph R>. hZhpp Ahp Y$ rhpk R> L$ Ap L$pe ep Z

Nhpe R>; ep cNhp uL$Zy pNV$ Ahe lpe R>. Aphp kyv$f L$pep

kNusp qfedp Aepk L$fsp |h L$rh A sp dpfd L$pep kprlqeL$

r$A qfQe dmhhp M|b S>$fu R>.

(1) L$rh S>ev$h :

L$rh qX$rX$d u hv$hpQpep yu S>ev$hpQpe AL$ AL$hpmu pV$uL$p

"nryf bhar ZmQ>rH$m' y ApepS> L$fg R> sdp NusNpthv$p L$sp L$rh S>ev$h

rkhpep Ae S>ev$hpp DgM Z ps pe R>.68 Ap pdp AL$ L$rhAp

uQ dyS>b B Nep R>.

u S>ev$h v$urns - L$ S>Ap tklp y A bgc i|gp kfnL$

R>.

u S>ev$h qX$s - cNuf dONy{.

u S>ev$h - v$pirL$ {rQv$ y


u S>ev$h hpNui - L$rh Qy, rhfpd rsp

u S>ev$h - AgL$pfisL$p fQresp

u S>ev$h - rgpQv$pk pfp Ds

u S>ev$h - NNp$v$up L$sp

u S>ev$h - rdp A S>pv$u Ds

u S>ev$h - n^fp pdL$ lqfrdp rie A cpB

u S>ev$h L$rh - ryfkyv$fuspp Zsp

u S>ev$h - rr^p gML$

u S>ev$h - fkpds fQresp

u S>ev$h - dlpv$h A kyrdpp y, QpgpL$ A kfpOhp

L$sp

u S>ev$h L$rh - cpS>v$h A fpdpv$hup y sdS> NusNpthv$pqv$p

fQresp, hNf.

Al] NusNpthv$p fQresp S>ev$h rhjeL$ dprlsu uQ dyS>b Apu

R> :

kfhsup hfv$pu S>dg sdS> kL$s NursL$pep ApMp f

kdp L$rhhf S>ev$hp S>d bNpgp "qL$vy$rbh' pdp Npddp ep lsp. bNpgp

fp gdZkp69 ipkL$pmdp kL$s L$pep Arsd dlp L$rh S>ev$h ep

lsp. Ap qL$vy$rbh rhpku L$rh "cpS>v$hp' y lsp A Nph ^, ^pB, ifZ

A Ddprs^fu kp Adu kcpu ipcphq L$fpfp pQ fpdpp AL$

lsp. "fp^pv$hu' sdu dpspy pd lsy. sdp rhhpl "phsu' pdu kyv$f,

kyiug sdS> NyZhp L$ep kp ep lsp. Adu rlv$uu AL$ pu L$rhsp; S>dp

lqf Npthv$u syrs R>; S> kyfrns dm R>; A "iuMp' p Apqv$Ndp pQusd

L$lhpe R>. "csdpg'dp L$Z e S>d sApu dphue iqsp Akam lphp


f fp^pp kpv$ey hZ L$fhpdp he Adu klpesp L$fu lsu. Adu cqsu

AL$ L$pAp DgrMs R>. Aphp rscpipmu eqsu buSy> L$B ps hpu

rhrQsp gpN R>. fsy S> L$B Z lpe, Npthv$ AV$g Np-Npuepp Bfp

$dp L$Zu gugpApy Np L$fhphpmp "NusNpthv$'u fQp L$fu S>ev$h pspu

sfa AL$ rv$pj A Aepr^L$ Arch L$gpL$rsy rdpZ L$ey R>. Adu rkq

sp A S> hpsu dprZs pe R> L$ kv$uAp ky^ u Adp kdp dpV$ v$f hj sApp

S>dmdp AL$ Dkh dphhpdp Aphsp lsp, S>dp fp L$rhp Nusp Nphpdp

Aphsp. B.k. 1499dp sp{v$h Apop Apu lsu L$ sL$ A hZh NpeL$p

dp S>ev$hu L$rsAp Npe Ahp iuM. B.k. 1292p AL$ ArcgMdp Ady

AL$ Dv$ ^s R>. Apu sdu pspu A OpjZp R> L$ L$rh fpS>fpS> R>; S>

pspp S> v$idp rk ey R>. kp kp kf rhrged kp Ayhpv$p dpedu

Z Adp is NyZpu dlpL$rh NV$A A S> dpZ ikp L$fu lsu; S>hu fus

L$prgv$pkp dOv|$s A ipLy$sgu ikp L$fu lsu.70 pspu L$rhspdp Aer^L$

pZv$ shp $dp Ahp Nusp fpMsu hMs S>ev$h r:kv$l crhedp dqv$fp

sp Dkhpdp hphpmp A Nuspp DepNpp lgu kpnpL$pf L$fu gu^p lsp.

lsrgMus puApdp Nusp kNusp fpN A spg sdS> su kp pfp

ep pqfcprjL$ iv$p pfp W$uL$ W$uL$ kL$s kp Apg R>.71 L$rhp Arcpe

rqs$u A R> L$ ApZ Nusp ApZp dpk-QnyApu kdyM Ap dpZ

Npsp BA.

(2) NusNpthv$p qfQe :

NusNpthv$y fQp L$pie rh sdS> dprgL$ R>. L$V$gpL$ ppe

rhpp Ap Pastoral Drama (Npe $L$) L$l R>.72 Ap L$pe Melo

Drama (kNus $L$) sfuL$ huL$pf R>. p. grh Ap Nus A $L$y dehs}

$ dp R>.73 Al] DgMue R> L$ Ap L$pedp pV$L$u S>d AL$, sphp hNf


L$B S> u. L$V$gpL$ rhpp s "iNpf dlpL$pe' L$l R>. "NusNpthv$' L$pe AL$

|h$ R> A sp rhL$pk 16 du kv$udp eg u supfpeZhpduu fQp

"H$Ubrbm Va{JUr' dp hZhg R>.74 NusNpthv$ v$pu kp kNus A e

kb^ u fpN A spgp Apg pdpu A sey Aydp pe R> L$ L$rhu r$

L$v$pQ A kde bNpgdp Qrgs epp dlpkhp sfa flgu lpe, S>dp e A

kNusu kp Nuspp DepN L$fhpdp Aphsp lsp.75

NusNpthv$ L$pedp 12 kN A 24 b^ p R>. Ap b^ py DrhcpS>

v$p Ahp Nuspdp ey R>. eL$ v$ Ahp Nuspdp ApW$ R>. Nuspp hsp

L$Z, fp^p Ahp fp^pu kMu R>. Aes Bjp, epip, rfpip, $p^ , hdp,

yrdg sp ljpgpk hNfy sdesp sdS> Ly$imspu kp hZ L$fg R>.76

dp Ap b^p $py hZ Aes fpQL$, kfk, A kh lphp Dfps AV$gy

b y^ kyv$f R> L$ Ad gpN dpp L$rh L$pdip cphpy h$ Apu s L$rhspdp

qfZs L$fu fp R>. dphue kpv$ep rQZdp L$rs M|b S> dlh|Z p

ps ey R>. Ap kv$cdp "NusNpthv$' L$pedp F>syfpS> hks, Q, epkp,

k|frcs, kduf sp edyp sV$p dplL$ Ly$y kyv$f hZ hp dm R>.77 Al] sp

nuAp Z du iqs A sp drldpu Nppy Np L$fsp hp dm R>.78

S>ev$h Ap L$pedp epL$ epL$ hv$c} furs, dp^ye eS>L$ hZphpmu igup DepN

L$ep R>. L$pedp v$uO kdpkpp epN Ahe egp R> R>sp epe$ vy$bp^sp L$

qL$g$sp Aphu u. hsys: L$rhA rhij Dkhp Df khkp^pfZ Nuspu fQp

L$fu lsu. Apu sd kybp^ fpMhp S>$fu lsp. Nuspdp dp Akp^pfZ hpcprhL$sp

S> R>; Ahy u. fsy Adp Ayd dp^ye Z R>. kpv$edp, kNusde

hQpepkdp A fQpp kp$hdp k|Z kL$s kprledp "NusNpthv$' L$peu

iguu Ddp u dmsu. L$pep Aeeu $ pe R> L$ L$rhdp epL$ gOy

v$pu hNhsu ^pfp pfp, sp epL$ Qpsye kp fQg v$uOkdpkpu ge|Z Nrs


pfp pspp pW$L$p-pspAp Df e$ cph pX$hpu Av$c|s ndsp R>.79 L$rh

rhrh^ R>v$pp epNdp S> rk ls u; fsy QfZpp de sdS> Asdp

kdpsp gphhpdp Z Aqsue R>.80

2. NusNpthv$ Ap^pf S>ev$hu L$peL$gp :

(1) |hc|rdL$p :

fp gdZku kcpdp Ap Z dlpL$rh lsp. S>du gML$gpA

NusNpthv$ S>hp Adf L$peu fQp L$fu R>. dlpL$rh S>ev$h L$ S>Ap bNpmp

qL$vy$rbhp flhpku lsp. ApS> qL$vy$gudp lfp hZh kp y^S> AL$ B Ap

dlpL$rh pS>rg Ars L$f R>. cspA Adu gpL$psus higuy kfnZ

Qqfpdp M|b S> sfspu L$fgy R>. Ady h Apv$L$v$ hS>Qv$u qv$ecqsdp

DR>fsp cqsde lsy. sApy h AL$ S> fku Av$f-blpf Apsps egy lsy

A s lsp cqsfk.

Ap L$pedp 12 kN R>. v$fL$ kN Nuspu kbr^s R>. Nusp ff

dmhhp dpV$ sdS> L$pk|p mhhp dpV$ L$V$gpL$ v$p hZpdL$ Z R>. NusNpthv$

cNhrs kL$s cpfsup kpv$e sp dp yêu fpL$p$p R>. dlpL$rh L$prgv$pku

L$rhspdp Z ApZ Aphp d y^fcphy v$i sy u. Ap L$pedp L$pdgL$ps

v$phguApp kfk cph sp d |^fcphpp kyv$f dm R>. L$Z sdS> cNhsu

fpr^L$pu grgsgugpApy S>V$gy hZ Al]ep dm R> AV$gy buS> epe dmsy

u. iv$dp yê dpV$ A$v$uApy L$rhA epS> L$fgy R>; S>p v$fL$ v$pdp iv$

dp yê S>Zpe R>.81 cphpy kp$h Z v$pdp v$ephL$ R>. rhfqlZu fpr^L$pp

hZdp L$rhu eyqs Apblb R>. fp^pp b pdpu Ay^ pfp hlu flu R>.

Z L$ fplp v$ps M|u S>hpu Qdpu Av$fu Adsu ^pfp hlu flu lpe.82

Ddpu L$p sp Dnpu fS|>Apsdp Ap L$pe Ayd sp R> S>; fsy Apu

kpu dpV$u rhijsp A R> L$ Al]ep du Dv$p cphpy v$i pe R>. fp^p-


L$Zp du rdmsp sdS> ApprdL$sp kyv$f iv$pdp Arces L$fpB R>.

iNpf rifpdZu L$Z cNhs shy rsrr^h L$f R>, A NpuAp hy

suL$ R>. fp^p-L$Zy rdg h-by rdg R>. kp^dpNp AL$ sepy

fle Al] bsphg R>. Adp yê Z Al] kyv$f fus ApgMpey R>.83

fsy NusNpthv$u epL$ L$peL$gp sp lgp Ap L$pkpf Alu

Aphp DrQs gMpi :

(2) NusNpthv$p L$pkpf :

d kNp d b^ dp rhp v$iphspfu syrs84 sys L$fu

L$rhA qsue b^ dp L$Zphspfu syrs85 L$fu R>. S>d L$,

{lVH$bmHw$M-S>b YVHw$S>b E &

H${bVb{bVdZmb O O Xod hao ! &&86

hksF>sydp kyLy$dpfu fp^p L$pdhfu uqX$s B hdp uL$Z

ipû flu R>. su kMu S>Zph R> L$ L$Z sp hksF>sydp kyv$f eyhrsAp kp

hrhlpf L$fu fp R>. ApNm S>sp b uL$Z S|>A R> epf kMu y: fp^p

L$l R> L$ NpuAp kp uL$Z rhgpk L$fu fp R>. NpuAp Z dy^cph rhrh^

$uX$pApdp d R>. uL$Zp $rQZdp iNpfk d|rsds ep R>. Ap B

dpd fp^p NpuAp kdn S> uL$Z NpY$ AptgN L$fu g R>.

amgmobmgâoU {d ^_ ^Vmm^ ra dm ^wOm

U n[aa {Z âwa omYm amYm &

gmYw dXdXZ gyYm{{V m JrV-Vw{Va-

mOmXX^ Q>-Mw{~V-{V-Zmohmar h[a nmVw d &&87

uL$Zp kh NpuAp f kdp d B fukpegu fp^p L$pB gsp-

Ly$S>dp R|>pB kMu kp hpsp L$f R>. NpuAp kp rhgpkgu L$Zu q$ep-

Q$pAp A cphpAp fp^pp drs V$g f sfrNs B flu R>. s uL$Z


pspu kp L$fgp kdpNdy dfZ pe R>. fp^p kMu L$l R> L$ s L$Z kp

sp fdZp Dpe bsph.88 fp^p e ApL$$ L$Z Ae kyv$fuApp epN L$ep.

sAp fp^p sp edypsV$ bku psp L$fhp gpep, rhflpLy$g B Nep.

edypsV$u rLy$S>dp Ah[s L$Z kdu fp^pu kMu lpQ R>. s L$Z kdn

rhepN-ers fpr^L$py ddi} rQZ L$f R>. s L$l R> L$ "App kdpNd

hpu fp^py h kiedp R>.' uL$Z L$y "l Al] qsnp L$fu fp Ry>, sy

fp^p dpfp Aye kcmphu Al] gB Aph.' epf kMu fp^p pk S>B L$Zu

qsnp A rhflphpy hZ L$fu S>hpp Ayfp^ L$f R>. Al] kyepsu k|Qp

R>.89

fp^p gspNldp D[s L$Zu kdu S>hpdp Akd R>. kMu L$Z

fp^pu Aklpe qqsu hpL$a L$f R>. Al] hpkL$kS> Ahpy rQZ R>.

{dnwbnybH$nm{b $sVgrH$maV-

O{ZV O{S>H$mHw$mHw$b mhaVr &

Vd {H$Vd ? {dmmVH$Xn{MVr,

agOb{Y{ZZm mZbZm Jmjr &&90

hv$phdp Qdpu epkp R>hpB NB. L$Zp ApNddp rhgb

fp^p dpV$ Akpe bu Nep. s pspdp Ap$v$ L$fhp gpNu L$ "dp{ $-eph

ram Ney R>. l L$p ifZ D ? lh dey rrs R>. L$pB yehsu L$prdu

L$Z rhgpk d L$fu flu li.91

kMu L$Z rhp pR>u Aphu epf fp^p re B Nep L$ L$pB QQgp

Npu L$Zu kp fdZ L$fu flu R>. fp^pp rhflpv$Npf es pe R>.

M#mbHw$S>bX{bVH$nmobm, wI[aV aeZOYZJ{Vbmobm &

Hm{n Mnbm Yw[anwUm, {db{gV wd{Va{YH$JwUm &&92

fpr kdps B. cps L$Z Aphu fp^p Aye L$fu fp R>.


hdpu fp^p L$Vy$hQ kcmph R>. Al] qX$s preL$p sys L$fpB R>.

fp^pu kMu fp^p fpdi Apsp L$l R> : hpksu hpey hpB fp R>,

L$Z he sdpfu pk Apep R>. sdp rs dp L$fp. rhjpv$dp kde $ L$fu

eph ram L$fp.93 Ap kde L$Z Ly$rs fp^pp Aye L$l R>: "l Qp{iugp

fp^p ! dpp epN L$fu dpfp e AyL|$m pAp. sd dp{ c|jZ R>p, sd khh

R>p, sd S> dp{ h R>p, ANp kykrS>s L$fp. dpp epN L$fu d y^f hpZu

bpgp.'94 rQfL$pg ky^ u Aye L$fu L$Z fp^p k L$fu g R>. sAp Ly$S>iep

f Qpep e R>. kMu fp^pp iNpf L$fu s L$Z kdu S>hpu kgpl Ap R>.

fp^p L$ZprckpqfL$pp hi ^pfZ L$fu rLy$S> pf ky^ u lpQ R> A L$Z sp

S> grS>s B e R>. s kde kMu s fZp Apsp L$l R> L$ "L$Z kp L$rg-

rhgpk dpV$ Ly$S>dp hi L$fp.95 Apv$kcfp QQgpnu fp^p |yfhr L$fsu L$fsu

L$rgLy$S>dp hi R>. uL$Z Qv$iu sfrNs kpNfu S>d fp^py dyMQ sp

S> ljpdpv$u kcf B e R>. fp^pp pdpu ljpy hlhp gpN R>. sd

iepp kL$s L$fu kMuAp blpf uL$mu e R>.96 kMuApp Qpep Nep R>u

L$BL$ grS>s, L$pd-uqX$s dv$ lpe L$fsu fkpLy$g fp^p L$Z L$l R>: "qL$kgeu

iep f QfZ-L$dm fpMp, AyL|$m Adsde hQpu d ss L$fp.' fp^p sdu

frsepQpp huL$pf L$f R>. frs$uX$pu ss fp^py hZ...

Hw$ XZXZ MXZ{e{eaVaoU H$aoU nmoYao &

JXnH$ Zmo^ dbH$beghmoXao &&

{ZOJmX gm XZXZo H$s@{V XmZXZo &&97

Apv$dp d fp^p As uL$Z rv$i L$f R> L$ sAp pspp lp

fp^pp kds ANp iNpf L$f. uL$Z s dpZ L$f R>.

aM H$wMmo n {M Hw$d H$nmobmo-

YQ> OYZo H$m#mr#m Om H$~ar^a &


H$b dbloUr nmUm nXo Hw$ Zynyam -

{d{V {ZJ{XV rV nrVm~amo@{Z VWmH$amoV &&98

Apd NusNpthv$p Ly$g 12 kNp, 24 b^ p A 277 gpL$pdp

fp^p-L$Zp dprdL$ frskhpv$ A iNpqfL$ Q$pApy cf|f hZ R>. Ap L$pedp

kNusp L$V$gpL$ rhcpNpy Z ApZ v$i pe R>.

(3) NusNpthv$u igu :

NusNpthv$ L$pey fQp-L$pie rh sp dprgL$ R>. L$V$gpL$ ppe

rhpp A "Npe {L$' (Postoral Drama) L$l R> sp Ae kdunL$ A

"NurspV$L$' (Liric Drama) L$l R>, sp hmu L$V$gpL$ ds Ap L$pe "qfL$s

epp' (Refined Yatra) R>. qig (Pichel) Ap L$pe "kNus {L$'$(Mero

Drama) sfuL$ huL$pf R>. p.grh (Levi) Ap L$pe Nus sdS> {L$y dehs}

Ahp kdrhs { (In Between Song and Drama) dp R>, fsy S>ev$h

pspu Ap L$rs kNpdp rhcprS>s L$fu A pV$L$u S>epA L$pe dphpu

pspu ^pfZp sfa kL$s L$fu v$u^p R> A Apde Ap L$pedp pV$L$u S>d AL$,

sphp hNf L$BS> u. L$V$gpL$ rhpp A "iNpf dlpL$pe' Z L$l R>. Ap

fus sp S>ev$hp NusNpthv$u iguy d|epL$ L$pepdL$ ArcNdu spfhu

iL$pe.

u S>ev$hu furs :

S>ev$h pspp Ap L$pedp hv$c} furs sdS> dp^ye eS>L$ hZphpmu

igup Mpk epN L$ep R>. L$pedp epL$ epL$ v$uO kdpkpp epN Ahe

egp R>. fsy Ap gu ^ epe vy$bp^ sp L$ qg$sp Aphu u. L$rhA rhri$

Dkhp Df khkp^pfZ Nusp Nphp dpV$ S> Nuspu fQp L$fgu R>. Apu A

kybp^ fpMhy M|bS> ApheL$ lsy. Nuspdp dp Akp^pfZ hpcprhL$sp Ahp

AL$rdsp R>; AV$gy S> rl fsy sdp Ayd dp y^e Z R>. L$peu fQp-


iguu ikp L$fsp dL$X$pg L$l R> L$ : kpv$edp, kNusde hQpepkdp A

fQpp kp$hdp k|Z kL$s kprledp "NusNpthv$' L$peu iguu Ddp

epe dmsu u. Ap L$pe Ayd R>. L$pep Aeeu AV$gy sp $ B e

R> L$ L$rhdp epL$ gOyv$pu hNhsu ^pfp pfp sp epL$ Qpsyeu kp fQpeg v$uO

kdpkpu ge|Z Nrs pfp pspp pspAp L$ hpQL$p Df e$ cph pX$hpu

k|Z ndsp R>.99

"NusNpthv$' L$pedp S>ev$h ffpNs fQp-Zpguy AykfZ

L$fsp khp hu sdS> dprgL$ igu Aphg R>. L$pedp eys gpL$, N

A Nusy kpdS>e su Ayd fQpy k|Q L$f R>. L$rhA L$pk|p rhpl

dpV$ Arns eepS>p Ahp Ahp rhijp rQZ hNfy hZpdL$ kNpdp

gpL$py ApepS> L$fg R>. ppu dpv$ipy k|Q L$fphhp dpV$ khpv$pdL$ kNpdp

Np epN L$fgp R>. sdS> cphpyc|rsu ArceS>p pdp L$fpeg R>. Ap

dpZ "NusNpthv$'dp Aphpeg Arch fQp Zpgudp hZ, khpv$ A

Nurs ff Ahu fus Nypeg R> L$ Apu AL$ rhgnZ Apv$u Ayc|rs pe

R>.

fp^p-L$Zu L$rg-L$pAp sp Adu Arckpf-gugpApy fkde

rQZ "NusNpthv$' ApeprdL$ iNpfp dpfd N bphu v$ R>. fp^p-L$Zp

Zep rQZdp du rhrh^ v$ipAp-Apip, rfpip, DL$W$p, Bep, $p^ , dp,

Ap$pi, rdgpkyL$sp, kv$ip, rdg hNf v$eNplu rQZ S>V$gy Ap L$pedp

eg R>; sV$gy bu L$pepdp epe eg u.

L$rhA Al] rhrh^ AgL$pfpy epS> Z L$fgy R>. sdpe gjpdL$

cphu L$rh L$pepfc L$l R> L$...

dmXodVmM[aV{M{V-{MmgXm, nXmdVrMaUMmaUMH$dVu &

lr dmgwXoda{VHo${bH$Wm goV ^oV, H$amo{V OXodH${d ~Y &&100


cNhp uL$Zu Ddpde hv$p L$fsp L$rh L$l R> L$,

{XZ{US>bS>Z ^dIS>Z E &

w{ZOZmZg hg O O Xod hao &&101

Al] L$rhA kyv$f Ddpy ApepS> L$ey R>. "dXZgamoO'102 iv$

eys L$fu L$rhA $L$ AgL$pf L$ZQqfsdp ApgMg R>. Vy$L$dp L$rhA AgL$pf

epS> M|b S> Apblb L$fg R>.

Apd sp kdN L$pe cqsfku kcf R> sd R>sp fkr$Zu bpbsdp

L$rh iNpf fk M|b S> p^pe Apsp lpe Ahy gpN R>. L$Z kpp d

kdpNd pdgu fp^p pspu kMu AychS>e L$l R> :

WgmJb{mVm nQw>MmQw>eVaZwHy$b,

XYwapV^m{fVm {e{WbrH$V OYZXHy$b &

g{I ho Ho${eWZwXma a m gh,

XZ ZmoaW^m{dVm g{dH$ma &&103

rhgc iNpfu kp kp L$rh kcpN iNpfp ApgMdp Z AV$gp

S> Ly$im R>.104

S>ev$hu igu khp L$pe kS> dpV$ DrQs Zu iL$pe. NusNpthv$

NursL$pepdp $sd L$pe R> A s su igu Apcpfu R> Ad L$lhpdp S>fpe

Arsiepqs u.

3. "NusNpthv$' : kNusp qfedp :

"NusNpthv$' fpN-fprNZuApu kcf L$pe R>. S>ev$h L$rsdp r$us

eL$ A$v$up Apfc fpN A spgp rv$i L$ep R>. S>d L$ kN-1 u Ahspf

r$su A$v$up Apfc "mbdamJnH$Vmbo' iv$p d|ep R>. A S> fus Sy>v$u-

Sy>v$u A$v$uApdp NyS>fufpN, hksfpN, fpdrNfufpN, dpghfpN, L$pX$fpN,

v$ipTefpN hNfp DgM L$fpeg R>. kNusp dyM shpdp kNusfpL$fdp


Z dyM shp d|gp^pf sfuL$ NZphg R>.105 Ap Ze shpdpu Al]

NusNpthv$ dlv$Ai Ze shp Aykf R>. NusNpthv$p Ly$g-12 kN A

24 b^ R>. S>dp kNusy cf|f v$i ps pe R>. L$Z kpu fpkgugp

fp^p sdS> Ae NpuApy L$rhdyM hZ, fp^p sdS> kMuApu Dqs dyS>b

frsq$X$pdp kNusy bp^pS>L$ rhv$ sp DepNu rhv$ Al] ps pe R>.

d dp y^edp kNusp kp^p, kNus hpQL$ iv$p, kNus hNf klpeL$ sfuL$

k|rQs pe R>. kNus Al] klS> fus hZu gu^y R>. kNusp qfedp

NusNpthv$y kNpykpf epL$ hZ uQ dyS>b R> :

u kN - 1 :

NusNpthv$p d kNdp L$pdu uqX$s fp^p Dv$iu kMu L$l R> L$

: l fp ^ ! kyv$f v$Mppf ypu gsb hguApp iu dpv$L$ bg, dv$

hprls dgehu kp, cdfpApu lpfdpmpu Nys sp L$pegpp kNusu

Ly$rS>s Ly$bpAphpmp sp rhepNuAp kss L$fhphpmu Ap hksF>sydp spfp resd

uL$Z sp Ae s{Zuep kp pQsp-Npsp afu fp R>.106 kNusp e A

Nus kb^ u shpy Al] k|Q R>.

frs$uX$pdp epp klpfp ghpy Av$c|s k|Q R>. fp^pu kMu

klpyc|rs v$iphsp fp^p L$l R> L$, fp ^ ! L$pdv$hp kyhZ rrds v$X$hpmp R>

kdp QdL$sp sdS> pNypu rh kyiprcs bphhphpmp, L$pdv$hp sfL$kdp

cfgp bpZ kdp cdfpu Ofpeg Nygpbp ypu hpsphfZdp kyN^ A

kpv$eu R>V$p hfhphpmu Ap hksF>sydp spfp du uL$Z sfyZu sdS> {hsu

Np-bpmpAp kp e L$fsp L$fsp frs$uX$pp Apv$ gB fp R>.107 frs$uX$p

A ep kdhe ANp Al] kepb^ gpL$p ps pe R>.

mamLHo$ a{VHo${bgLH$baUma o^ Vm gmhg-

m H$mVOm {H${Xn[a ma{^ g ^mV &


{ZnXm OYZWbr {e{WbVm Xmod{bH${nV,

djmo r{bV{j nmfag rUm Hw$V {g{V &&108

L$rhy hf sdS> ksL$ op Apf R>. Al] L$rhA "n#mamJ'109

iv$ ep A yfhpf L$ey R> hf-ksL$ ANu rhss dprlsu L$fZ-2dp

($-53) dp Apg R>.

uL$Z Ae NpuAp kp fpk-rhgpkdp d B ny^ fp^p

AL$ps m gspLy$S>dp Aphu pspu kMu uL$Z kp pspp rdgu DL$V$

BR>py hZ L$fsp L$l R> L$ "hu p kdp pspu L$pdm, ygqL$s sdS>

rhipm c|Apu lfp NpbpmpAp AptgN L$fhphpmp sp pspp lp,

N A R>psu Df ^pfZ L$fg Apc|jZpdp S>X$g fpu cpu A^ L$pfp

rhpi L$fhphpmp L$pi rhMfhphpmp uL$Z kp rdgdp Aes DkyL$ sdS>

Apsyf Ry>.110 Al] Apg "amgo' iv$ ey k|Q L$f R>.

NusNpthv$p d kNdp L$rhA Z L$ e ffp hNhsu

bphhpp epk L$fg R> A s pspp kNus ep Av$e op kNusu

qfcpjp R>su L$ep rhp flu iL$sp u. rhppA Apg kNusu qfcpjpy

op L$rhdp S>Zpe R>.

u kN - 2 :

NusNpthv$dp hpp L$pfp ANu Z dprlsu ps pe R>. Ap

kNdp L$rhA fp^p pfp L$Z-dfZ kNdp aL$ hp AsNs "bifu'p DgM

Ap dpZ L$ep R> : ""dp {v$ L$fsu fp^p pspu AL$ ANs kMu L$l R> L$ :

re kMu, Adsu Z epe Ar^L$ sp A^f-fk u Z epe Ar^L$ grgs

sdS> d y^f pspp hru kds gpL$ dprls L$fhphpmu bifu hNpX$hphpmp,

bifu hNpX$su hMs QQm L$V$pn L$fhphpmp, lpgsp dyLy$V$ sp Ly$X$gpu Aes

dplL$ gpNhphpmp sp kv$h fpkdp dpfu kp qflpk L$fhphpmp rhgpkre


uL$Zp kN dpV$ dp{ d Aes DkyL$ sdS> epLy$m B fy R>. d A B

vy$:M pe R> L$ dpfp s rQQpf dpfu Dnp L$fu Ae NpbpmpApu kp fpk

rhgpk L$fu fp R>.

MH$Mmya{eIS>H$S>bdb{VHo$e &

Mwa-nyaXaYZwaZwa[OVoXaw{Xagwdoe &

amgo h[a{h {d{hV{dbmg, a{V Zmo H$V n[ahmg &&111

kyd y^f kNus Aep Apv$ dpV$ R>. Ahp sp kNus AL$ Ahy hfv$p

R>; S> eqs ipL$dpu blpf gphu v$ R>. L$Zre kNus eqs ApL$rjs L$fhp

knd R>. L$Zp Npeu ikp L$fsp fp^p sd L$l R> L$ : ""sdp$ dyM sp

Qdpu S>d M|bS> iusm A Ads kdp d y^f, fpQL$ sdS> dplL$ R>. Ap sp

AV$gy duWy$ NpAp R>p L$ Z L$ppdp rdkfu cmhu lpe.''

amgmobmg^aoU {d ^ ^Vmm^radm ^wOm-

U n[aa {Z ^awa omYm amYm &

gmYw dXdXZ gwYm{{V m JrVVw{V-

mOmXX^ Q>Mw{~V pV Zmohmar h[a nmVw d &&112

"NusNpthv$'u NpuAp Z Z L$ kNus rhipfv$ R>. Aps Nusp

hf-ge-spg Apqv$u ops R>. uL$Zp rhepNdp kss egu A L$Zu

ip^ dp cV$L$su fp^p su L$u kMu uL$Zp fpk-du k|Qp Ap R>.

""l fp ^ ! AL$ NpuA sp uL$Z kp pQsp Adp ep ge Df spg

Aphp dpV$ L$Zu bifup gedp pspp L$L$Zp ge Ly$imsp |hL$ dmhu

v$u^p; S>pu uL$Z Z s Npuu kNus r|Zsp sp L$gpdL$sp Df i

B Nep.''

H$aVbVmbVabdbmd{bH$ {bVH$ bdZdeo &

amgago ghZnam h[aUm wd{V eego &&113


Al]ep L$rhA ge A spgy k|Q L$fg R>. kNusp b rhcpNu

QQp L$fZ - 8 ($, 251-53)dp rhss fus Apu R>. Ap kNdp hp, Nus

frls kNusu rhcphp kyf fS|> B R>.

u kN - 3 :

frs$uX$p kde pspp resd uL$Z pfp L$fpegu dpfd Q$pApy

dfZ L$fu Ad dmhp DkyL$ fp^p pspu kMu L$l R> L$-re kMu !

pspp resdu kp frs-cpNdp h lphp gu^ dpfp Ndp lfg

Apc|jZpdp S>X$us O|O{Ap sp L$dfdp bp^ g O|O{Ap fZL$hpu rL$msp hr

Ad b Aes dprls L$fsp lsp. frs$uX$pdp h uL$Z frscpNp rhspf

qf|Z L$fhpu BR>pu d L$dfu L$X$u sdS> pspu sfa MQu S> fus

Q|b gsp lsp, Adp A Y$N d M|bS> re sdS> {rQL$f gpNsp lsp.48 LrhA

Al] kNusu d y^fsp, dplL$spp dplpey Np L$ey R> sp |yfp TZL$pf

dpL$jZdp rdqL$ NZphg R>. TpTfp hr kyd y^f kNus epf L$lu iL$pe;

epf dueyNg AL$ bu e lL$pfpdL$ hgZ ^fphsp lpe. Al] uL$Z A

fp^p b AL$bu e lL$pfpdL$ hgZ ^fph R>. dpV$ |yfp hr dpL$jZdp

rrd b R>.

bifup k|fdpu uL$msp kyv$f sdS> dplL$ v$py hZ L$fphpfp

hru dy^ B Ae Nph |^Ap pfp Av$Mu pspu $u ANV$ cphu

fp^pp dyMQdp X$peg sp X$pL$u hpL$u lpgs B S>hpu lpgsp Ly$X$gp A

dyLy$V$hpmp uL$Zp dplL$ L$V$pn cspp rQfL$pg ky^ u kyM v$hphpmp sdS> Adp

L$epZ dpV$ R>.114$

Alu Z aL$hpp qfQe L$rh pfp ApZ dmu fl R>.

kNus A Apv$y k|QL$ R>. dye, iy, nu Ars Apv$u nZpdp

kyd y^f kNusy Np L$ hZ L$fsp lpe R>. L$ rhflphpdp d bQ lphpu


v$v$S>L$ kNus Z ApS>p hsdp kdedp Dg^ R>. S>dL$ rihfS>u, spX$u,

hks, blpf hNf fpNp L${$Z qf[rsdp S> Nhpe L$ kcmpe R> Ahp sp Aphp

fpNp kpcmhpu L$ Nphpu L$$Zpspy k|Q pe R>.115 fsy L$rhA sy r{Z

Al] L$fg u. Apd kN-4 A kN 6 u 9dp Apv$v$peL$ kNusp DgM

u. Apu sy r{Z kNusp qfedp L$fg u.

u kN - 5 :

|yfp fZL$pf epL$ dpL$jZdp rrd b R>; sp epL$ sdp bp^p$

S>Zpe R>. fp^pu kMu uL$Zu rhepN rhlhmspu ZL$pfu fp^p Apu s

Arhgb uL$Z pk S>hpp Ayfp^ L$fsp L$l R> L$ ""l kMu ! QQm, M|bS>

fZL$pf L$fhphpmp A L$pd$uX$pp AL$ps MqX$s L$fhphpmp iy$u |yfp Dspfu

aL$ L$pfZ L$ A lfu Qpghpu AL$ sp Ap fZL$pfu bu spfp S>hpu

ZL$pfu B e R>. buSy> epf sy uL$Z pk frs-rhgpk L$fui epf |yfp

fZL$pfu A q$ep Nys rl fl.''116

Al] |yfp fZL$pf dpv$dp bp^p{ hZhpep R>. L$ kNus

L$pBZ h dpqkL$ qf[rsdp bp^p{ bsy u. bQudp Z kNusp

rihfS>u, kpluZu, hksblpf, S>hp fpNp dpZk AL$ L$pfu Apdue l|a

Ap R>; A r:iL$ R>. Apd R>sp gcph NV$ L$fhp Ahp Ap cph

R|>phhp L$rhA |yfhr duApp rdgdp bp^p{ dpg R>, L$ Al]

kNusp cphu L$pB L$pfpdL$ c|rdL$p fS|> u B. Ap bpbs dp L$rs

kv$cp Ayk^ pdp S> kdS>hu BA.

u kN - 10 :

|yf fZL$pfp hr dpv$dp L$pfZc|s v$iphhpp L$rhA Al] y:

epk L$ep R>. pspp ehlpfu ny^ fp^p dphhpu Q$p L$fsp uL$Z L$l

R> L$ : ""l re ! lh $p^ p epN L$fp A L$mi S>hp pspp Ds sdS> rhipm


sp Df fpu dpmp lfp; S>u sdpfp DS>hm sp Df T|gsu s dpmp

sdpfp v$ef (he L$Z) dprls L$fu sdpfu sfa ApL$qjs L$f sp sdpfp

AptgN dpV$ rhhi L$f. l fp ^ ! dp{ L$lhy dpp A pspp iZNpf L$fp.

pspp L$dfdp L$f^u (L$v$pfp) bp^ p; S>u Adp gNphg psmp-psmp TpTfp

dplL$ hr d L$pd$uX$pdp Apks hpy rdZ Apsp L$pp Arsd gpN

A A kNusu dprls B l sd dpfu c|Apdp bp^ u gK.117

Al] kNus S> dpgedp Dv$uL$y L$pd L$f R>; S>u Ze L$fsp Z

kNus Z L$ L$rhA rhij p^pe Apey S>Zpe R>.

u kN - 11 :

|yf fZL$pfp hru resd ApL$qjs L$fhpy k|Q sp bifup

hr v|$fu sfyZuAp ApL$rjs L$fhp dpV$ eps R>; Ap DgM L$rhA Al]

L$ep R>. kp kp kNusp kyd y^f hru kpd L$pdv$h he gpQpf R>. pspu

L$pdgugp kfphhp he dS>b|f B S>hpu dprlsu Al] ps pe R>. R>u s

hr cg |yf, bifu L$ R>u L$pegp kyd y^f Ly$S>p lpe.118

u kN - 12 :

frs$uX$pdp y|f fZL$pf bp^p{ lphpy Al] L$rhA k|Q L$ey R>.

L$pdpsyf fp^p iep f N fpMhpp Ayfp^ L$fu uL$Z L$l R> L$ ""re ! sy M|b

v|$fu Aphu R>p, su pL$u NB li. l dpfp lppu spfp QfZ A Op v$bphy.

Apu spfu L$phV$ v|$f B S>i. bk sy dp dpfu S>d spfp iZNpf v|$f L$fu pM.

Adpe Mpk L$fu spfp Ap TpTf S>u ApZp rhje-cpNdp Ap fZL$hpu

Ahfp^ Dcp pe.''119 Ap fus fk-prsdp v$pju bsp TpTf fZL$pf

bQphu L$rhA s Apv$fcph Apep R>.

sp hmu, epL$ L$dfp cpN bp^ g L$v$pfpp fZL$pf frsrhgpk dpV$

uL$Z DkyL$ L$f R>. gspNldp AL$psdp flgu fp^p pspu kp frsrhgpkdp


pkplus L$fsp uL$Z L$l R> L$ ""l cprdu ! lh g R>pX$u v$p, dpfu kp

frsrhgpkdp h B Ap A pspu drZde L$f^uu d^yf hr

kcmphp.''120

L$rh S>ev$h pspp N "NusNpthv$'dp Nh kp Oprjs L$ey R> L$

ipue Npdp Np-rhp, kNus-L$gp sp hp hNf rhjepdp S>V$gy Z

rhhQ-rhgjZ Dg^ R> AV$gy sdpd L$pf NV$ L$fhpp epk L$fg R>.121

hZh cqsfL$ Npdp cNhpy ep, tQs sp dfZ hNf S>V$gp $py

rh^p R>; A sdpdp kspj Al] ps pe R>. L$peipdp d y^ffkp S>V$gp

cv$pcv$py hZ sp L$rhAp pfp A cv$p f rhhQ L$fgy R>, cNhp uL$Z

kdrs sdS> Adp cqs-cph fL$ "NusNpthv$' L$pedp frkL$ qX$sp Ap

b y^ S> AL$ S> m dmu fl R>. "NusNpthv$' L$pedp b^u S> DL$$ L$gpAp

iNpfp cv$pcv$p sp cqsu Qfd rhL$qks kudpApp kyv$f kdpNd R>.

L$rhA Al] fp^p-L$Zp dpv$y hZ "NursL$pe' kv$c L$fg R>. Apd R>sp

Ap hZdp L$rhA epS>g kNus sfau cphp sp kNusp shpy S> ApX$L$s{

k|Q L$fg R> s ikue R>. kp kp "kNusfpL$f' A "kNus pfus' dp

S>Zphg hpp rhrh^ L$pfpy Z Al] k|rQs op dmu fl R>. Al] epS>g

"{UOra'122 iv$dp "Ora' hpp L$pfpdpp AL$ L$pf "dfp' Ahp

"L$fspg'y k|Q B e R> L$ L$rhA s "peg' p Adp s eys L$fg

R>. fsy b ^psyApp AX$phpu Ecp sp fZL$pf AV$g "dfp' Ahp kNusu

cpjpdp kpv$p A pe R>. Ap kv$c "Ora' AV$g "peg' Ahp "TpTf' Ahp

DrQs A NV$ L$f R>. L$pfZ L$ Adpe b ^psyApp kkN L$pfZ hr D

pe R>.

(1) kNusp Npp cph :

L$rhhf S>ev$h pspu Ap L$rsdp uL$Z A fp^pu iNpqfL$ Q$pApy


r$Z ^p fpMg R>. su kpkp Ap Q$pAp kpNursL$ fus NV$ L$fhpp

Z ApN e L$ep R>. Ap L$pe dp iNpf ^p L$pe flsp kNus ^p

L$pe bhp pey R> s NusNpthv$p qfiug A Deys Aepku Zu

iL$pe R> A kpNursL$ cphpApu hQ L$rh Df Ae Np sdS> NL$spApp

cph X$gp S>Zpe R>.

kNusp d|mshp Ahp Nus, hp, e hNfy Al] QpkpB |hL$

pg L$fhpdp Apey lphpu kNusipp Qqgs Npy L$rhdp op R>; A

r:iL$ R>. kNusp S> Ap d|mshp L$rhp Mfopu TpMu L$fphu e R>.

"Nus' A kNusy Ahy sh R>; S> dppdm fQp kv$c Aph. kNusp fpNpdp

L$pBZ Nus Y$pmhp dpV$ d ifs A flu R> L$ kNusp fpNdp $psqfs pf

Nus k|Z dppdm lpe. Ap ifsp pgu S> Nus fpNb B iL$. Aep

fpN Ahfp^ Ecp hpu |Z iesp fl R>.123

L$ ApS>p kdedp fpN Ap^pqfs Nuspu fQp cpeS> hp dm

R>. L$pBZ Nus ApS>p kde rdfpNdp hp dm R>. Nusdp AL$u h^pf

fpNu eyqs lpe sp sdp dppdm cN hpu iesp fl R> Ahp sp Ad L$lu

iL$pe L$ dppdm cNu fQp rdfpNdp $psqfs$ L$fhu S>$fu b R>.

V|$L$dp "Nus' Ahp kNusp d shu dp ZL$pfu S> L$rhp (kNus

kv$c) opu yr$ L$f R>.

(2) AgL$pfippp cph :

"hp' Ap^pqfs ZL$pfu Al] L$rhA gpL$Qrgs "bifu hp'

v$ris L$fg R>. hpp rhrh^ L$pfp (S> L$fZ-1dp) R>; sdp kyrjf hp

AsNs bifup kdphi pe R>. Ap kv$c Ae rhppA rhij dprlsu Apu

R>.124 bifu aL$hp sfuL$ Qrgs hp R>. uL$Z kNusu r$A d|ghuA

epf iM A bifu ep Df Ahe Aph. L$rhu L$rsdp "Ora' iv$ epN


Z egp R>. L$ s |yfp Adp egp R>. Apd R>sp Ap iv$ "dfp',

"L$fspg' hNf hp L$pfy k|Q L$f R>.

"e'p rhrh^ L$pfpy Al] v$i u sy R>sp e$uX$p Df L$rhp

iNpqfL$ cph Ae Npp A NL$pfpp L$rh Dfp cph k|Qh R>.125

ApQpe cfsd|rA pspp N "pV$ip'dp e kbr^ krhspf hZ Apg

R>. L$ L$rhA su l|bl| L$g u L$fu Apd R>sp L$lu iL$uA L$ "NusNpthv$'dp

ey rhhQ k|Z fus ApQpe cfsd|r Apcpfu R>. $

"NusNpthv$' L$pedp S>ev$h ffpNs fQp-Zpguy AykfZ dp

L$fsp khp rh sdS> dprgL$ igu Aphg R>. gpL$, N A Nusp

rdrs epNp pfp L$pedp Ayd fQp dp y^eu kr$ B R>. L$rhA L$pk|p

rhpl dpV$ Arns e epS>p Ahp Ahp rhijp rQZ S>hp hZpdL$

kNpdp gpL$pp epN L$ep R>. ppu dpv$ip k|rQs L$fhphpmp khpv$pdL$

kNpdp Np epN eg R>. sdS> cphpyc|rsu ArceS>p pdp L$fpegu

R>. Ap dpZ "NusNpthv$'dp Aphg Arch fQp Zpgudp hZ, khpv$

A Nus ff Ahu fus N|peg R> L$ Apu AL$ rhgnZ Apv$u Ayc|rs

pe R>. Ap A|d fQp igup AprhL$sp S>ev$h ps S> pspp Ddp kdp

R>.

sys L$fZp "NusNpthv$u igu' (p.87) rhcpNdp QQp B

Neg lphp R>sp yfphsp ce Z y: Ap hps Al] Aphu S>$fu R>. S>d L$

""fp^p-L$Zu L$rg-L$pAp sp Adu Arckpf gugpApy fkde

rQZ "NusNpthv$' ApeprdL$ iNpfy dpfd e bph R>. fp^p-L$Zp

Ze rQZdp du rhrh^ qv$ipAp S>hu L$ Apip, rfpip, DL$W$p, Bep, $p^ ,

dp, Ap$pi, rdgpkyL$sp kv$ijZ sdS> rdg hNfy v$eNplu rQZ Ap

L$pedp egy R>. Ap L$pfy rQZ Ae epe pe u.''


uL$Zu NpuAp kpp fpk-rhgpk fp^p kv$ L$fsu u A

kl Z L$fu iL$su u. fp^p pspu kMup dpedu uL$Z e pspp

Ap$pid|gL$ Dpgc dpL$gph R> fsy A Ae Zeuu ApV$gpu kspj

u sp. Ap d rcf-v$e pfp s resd e NpY$ AyfpN eqsNs

$u NV$ L$fhp rhhi L$fu v$ R>. fp^pp Aphhp f uL$Z hS> kyv$fuApp kN

R>pX$u su sfa DdyM pe R>. fp^pu kMu uL$Z fp^pu sdS> fp^p

uL$Zu AL$buu Nl Ayfqsp sp AL$buu v|$f flhp f Aychu

B flgu rhflS>e hv$py dprdL$ hZ L$f R>.

Qpv$e hp f Ze-epu Ar^fu bgu fp^p pspp Dus

AyfpN Df reZ fpMu iL$su u A Au Arceqs rhhi B e R>.

uL$Zp Aphhp Df Arcdp L$fpfu fp^p Dpgc cfgp hQp pfp Adp

rs pspp fpj-Ap$pi NV$ L$f R>.

Al] A DgMue R> L$ rhppA Ap kdN L$pe "Asys ikp'

dpu hpepdp R|>peg eep es L$fhpp e huL$pep R>.126 kchs:

Al] L$rh AgL$pfipy |Zs: op lpe ! Ad{isL$dp L$rh AgL$pf ipy

|Zs: op R>. L$pfZ L$ Ad$isL$ddp L$rh Ad$A Aphp S> L$pfu eepdL$sp

pfp iNpqfL$ cphp NV$ L$fhpp e L$ep R>.

(3) v$pirL$cph :

rhppp dspykpf "NusNpthv$' L$pp peL$ uL$Z "hpp Apdp'

Aps kds kkpfp c|spp Apdp R>. NpuApu $uX$p AL$ L$pfu Ahu

Qgugp R>; S>dp Aop-Ahpdp akpeg dyeu Apdp cV$L$su fl R>.

fp^p bpv$y suL$ R>; S> ps L$fu S> hpdp Qfd kyMu pqs pe R>.

S>ev$h fp^pp DpkL$ lpB uL$Zp S> DpkL$ lsp.127 Apu uL$Z dyepp

Apdpy suL$ lpB fdpdpy suL$ R>. Ap se rhppy dse fy R> L$


iNpf rifpdrZ uL$Z cNhhp rsrr^ R> A Adu du NpuAp hy

suL$ R>. fp^p-L$Zy rdg h-by rdg R>. Ap L$pf kp^p dpNp

AL$ sepp flep Al] kygTphg R>.128

uL$Zp NpuApu kpp frs$uX$p ehlpf fdpdpp ANrZs

hpdpApdp fdZ L$fhp bfpbf R>; S>u Arsd qfZsu fp^p-d Aps kdrs

hpdpp fdpdpdp kdphi sdS> Acv$ lphpp R>.129

"NusNpthv$' hsys: AL$ Ayd sdS> Av$c|s N R>; S>dp Dd

iNpf-hplp Assgdp fledeu dp yê cphpu rN|Y$ ^pfp hlu flu R>.

kdN kL$s kprledp Ap L$pqV$u d y^f fQp bu L$pB u. kL$s cpfsup

kpv$e A dp yêu fpL$p$py AhgpL$ L$fhy lpe sp "NusNpthv$'y Ayiug

L$fhy BA. Ap iv$rQpu kpv$e Z L$ R>gL$pB Aph R>. App Nuspy v$-

gprge AgpqL$L$ dp yêp kQpf L$f R>. Ap R>v$py pv$-kpv$e A|h Apv$

ps L$fph R>. iv$ A Ay kpdS>e Ahy dpdy^L$pfu R> L$ kL$su AfuqQs

eqs Z Apu cprhs ep rhp flu iL$sp u.

Apd "NusNpthv$'dp L$rh S>ev$h pspp |hNpdu Ahp L$V$gpe

NL$pfpu sdS> Npu R>pep Tugu R>. iNpqfL$ cphpp hZdp, sdS> A

cphp kprNqsL$ fus NV$ L$fhpdp L$rhuA AL$ iNpf-L$rhAp sdS> kNusp

Npp cph hl L$ep S>Zpe R>. kNusp dyM urs-redpy L$rhA kcpZ

pg L$ey lpe Ahy S>Zpe R>.

(4) yfpZp A sp kprlep cph :

pfprZL$ DgMp Dfu ps dprlsu Ap^pf L$lu iL$pe L$ L$rhA

pspp Ap L$pe dpV$ yfpZp Ap^pf gu ^g R>. kp kp sp kprlep Z

L$rh Df cph S>Zpe R>.130 L$rh S>ev$h |hhs} Npdp hrZs uL$Z A

fp^p NpuApu fpkgugpu cprhs B "NusNpthv$'u fQp L$fu lpe Ad


S>Zpe R>. uL$Zu fpkgugpp dye ps "cpNhs'u fpk-Qpepeu dpe

R>;131 S>y hZ uQ dyS>b R> :

u cpNhsu fpkQpepeu A NusNpthv$ :

udv$ cpNhsdp Nph^-^pfZu gugpy hZ L$ep R>u L$rhA

uL$Zy fpkrhlpfu h$ rQrs L$ey R>. uL$Zy fb h$ $c|rddp R>,

sd cNhp L$p R>. NpuNusdp uL$Zp rhpdp$u Dv$cphp R>.

ifv$|rZdpu kepA AL$pL$u L$Z hv$phdp edypsV$ Df rhdp R>. hdp

Qdgup ypu kyN^ R>. epf |h rnrsS> f Dv$uedp Qdp L$Z dy^ L$fu

v$ R>. sAp bkfu hNpX$ R>. bkfup hr AV$gp dplL$ R> L$ hS>u uAp S>

Ahpdp R> s S> Ahpdp Qpgu ep Aphu e R>. sAp qfhpfS>pp fpL$hp

R>sp dpsu u. uL$Z NpuAp pR>p hmu S>hp kdh R>, S>u sdp Ofp

tQspdp X$.

NpuAp vy$:Mdp X|$bu e R>. sAp Ayps L$fsp uL$Z L$l R> :

"sd Adpfp epN L$fp. sd rQlfZ L$ey R>. sd Adpfp v$e A ifuf ss

L$fp.' epf uL$Z NpuAp kp fdZ L$f R>. sAp sdu kp hdp A edypu

fsu f rhlpf L$f R>. Al]ep NpuAp pfp Dd buu u L$Zu bpmgugpApp

Arceu R>pep Z R>.132

Al] Npuu kp uL$Zu $uX$pApp kL$s dm R>. epf Npup

ddp Z v$p Dv$e pe R>, epf uL$Z Asrls B e R> A hMs

NpuNus fS|> ey R>, Adp uL$Zp AgpqL$L$ sp gpqL$L$ h$py NpuAp

dfZ L$f R>.133

cpNhsu L$p dpZ ifv$F>syu AL$ fp uL$Z hpv$u

NpuAp ApL$j}. hpv$ kpcmu NpuApA uL$Z sfa p L$ey.

hNpApA uL$Zp hpv$u Ogu B pspspp L$pdu fhp L$fu.


uL$Z NpuAp pR>u hpmhp A kNpkb^ uAp sfa vy$ehu af bhhp

kdh R>. As NpuApu rhflp hv$pcfu rhsu kpcmu uL$Z NpuAp

kp fpk$uX$p L$fhpy rhQpey.

S>ev$hp "NusNpthv$'dp hpv$u ApL$jpB Aphgu NpuAp kpu

fpk$uX$pu Aphu $c|rd u. hphsdp "cpNhs'u fpkL$p ifv$|rZdpu

AL$ fpru L$p R>. su L$pp Apfc hrhlpf134 A S>grhlpf135 kndp

sys R>. cpNhsp fpk ifv$F>sydp ep R>.136 Adp hrZs fpkgugpy m

edypp fsude sV$ R>.137 fpke-S>e d v|$f L$fhp dpV$ uL$Z NpuApu

kp y:edypp S>mdp hi L$fu $uX$p L$f R>. sps y: hdp rhlpf pe

R>.138

NusNpthv$dp rhlpfp kde hksF>sy R> A gugpy m edypp

sV$ f iprcs hv$phu rLy$S> R>.139 Ap L$pdp L$pdpds fp^p uL$Zu ip^

L$fu flu R> A su kMu fp^p uL$Zu kdu lpQpX$ R>, epf L$Z lfp

NpuApu kp fpk gugpdp rd hpdp Aph R>.140

fp^p Al] AptgN L$f R> A L$pdp qfhs Aphu e R>, L$pu

L$p fp^p A L$Zp pfqfL$ ApL$jZ, Ze, Bep-dp, qhfl$ A kdpNddp

qfZs B e R>.141 S>ev$hp L$pey dye ge R> L$Z A fp^pdp peL$-

preL$p cphu syrs A Ap dped pfp kNusL$gp, L$Zcqs sp iNpffk

AL$ kp L$pdmL$ps v$phgudp v$i}s L$fhp.142 NusNpthv$dp fp^p A L$Zp

Ly$S>rhlpf R>. sdp S>grhlpf sdS> hrhlpfp kNp sys L$fhpdp Apep

u. kpdyrlL$ fpk edyp-sV$ f Ah[s hv$phdp ep.143 "cpNhsyfpZ'dp

fp^p u; fsy L$Z-NpuApu Q$py AyifZ L$fu NusNpthv$L$pf L$Z-fp^pu

Q$pAp pfp kNus^pL$rs bphhpp pspp e bf gpep R>.


u L$ZL$Zpds :

"L$ZL$Zpds' pdL$ sppdL$ NursL$pep fQresp R> L$rh gugpiyL$,

Da rbhdNg. sAp kchs: v$prnZpe R>. sdp h A kde bpbs AL$

qL$hv$suAp A dsdspsf hs R>. cpfsp AL$ v$ipA sdS> ^prdL$

kv$pepA gugpiyL$ pspp dphpp epk L$ep R>. Ap bpbs "L$ZL$Zpds'u

NyZhp A gpL$resp k|Qh R>. kpv$preL$ dpespAp sdS> v$sL$pAp Aykpf

gugpiyL$p kde gNcN v$iduu sfdu kv$u ky^ up ApL$u iL$pe. kpdpe ds

sd ArNepfdu kv$up bsph R>.

gugpiyL$ L$ rbhdNgp pd AL$ sppdL$ L$rsAp Dg^ pe

R>; Z sdpu AL$ L$rsApy L$se kqv$^ R>. sdy "L$ZL$Zpds' kL$s

sp kprlep Brslpkdp cph, cpjp A rhjeu r$A huspy Dv$cphL$

L$ $prsL$pfu bu fl R>. "cpNhs'p sfyZ L$Zu NpuAp kpp iNpfu $uX$pApp

rhjeu spL$pe L$ NursL$pedp AhspfZp L$fhpdp gugpiyL$ kchs: khd

R>.144 Apd cpNhsp cph L$ZL$Zpds f A L$ZL$Zpdsp cph NusNpthv$

Df ffpu X$p lpe Ad dphp AhL$pi fl R>.

(5) NusNpthv$p Ae Df cph :

NusNpthv$p cph AL$ pp A sdp AyNpdu L$rhAp Df

X$p S>Zpe R>; S>d NusNpthv$p epL$ cph Df cpfsdp S> rl; fsy

dlpfp$, NyS>fps sdS> L$X$ S>hp pspp kprle Df X$gp R>. dlpcy Qse

NusNpthv$u d y^fspp fd DpkL$ lsp. sdp ri$ sp{v$h L$ S>Ap 16du

kv$u Apkpk B Nep sApA DL$gp AL$ dqv$fpdp Ap L$pep reqds Npe

dpV$ c|rdv$pu ehp L$fgu lsu. dfpW$u kprledp dlpycphu NL$pf cpL$fc$

bpfuL$f (B.k. 1275 - 1320)p L$peNdp NusNpthv$u AL$ cph Dg^

pe R>; S> NL$pf S>ev$hu rrs$ NlZ L$fg R>. NyS>fpsp fp ipPNv$hp


AL$ rigpgMp dNggpL$dp NusNpthv$p d kNp Arsd d|L$hpdp

Aphg R>. AdeipuA (B.k. 1750) "iNpfL$priL$p' pdu epep Ap

N Dfu L$X$ cpjpdp gMgu R>. dk|fp fp rQ$v$h fpe (B.k. 1672-

1704) NusNpthv$p Apv$i Df "NusNppg' pdp kyv$f L$peu fQp L$fgu

R>. S> L$X$ psdp NusNpthv$u gpL$respy $ dpZ R>.145


kv$c

1. Sy>Ap, pV$eip, 28.12

2. Sy>Ap, kNusfpL$f, 1.3

3. Sy>Ap, pV$eip, 28.13, . 317

4. dXZmV dmXr, gdXZmV gdmXr &

{ddXZmV {ddmXr, AZwdXZmV AZwdmXr && AS>, 28, . 316

5. Sy>Ap kNus fpL$f - 1-3-24, 25, blv$v$iu gpL$, 63

6. {H$m{H$MVwH$Vw kom deJVm dam & B{V Vmdm moVm

gdelwVmo Zd & pV$eip, 28, . 318

7. Sy>Ap, pV$eip, 28 DfZ, sprgL$p (Zh cpfsu, . 113)

8. da gmYmaU {{dY Jm{ H$mV ?

fS>OJmo fS>O gmYmaU Jmo gmYmaU gmYmaUd

A Vw moJgmmV H${eH${{VZm {ZnVo & pV$eip, 28

9. Sy>Ap, AS>, 28, . 318

10. Sy>Ap, AS>, . 74, hf rhhfZ kv$c - 2

11. dmXr, gdmXr, {ddmXrfw Wm{nVofw eofm AZwdmXrZ gkH$m & AS>,

2

12. Om{V{^ lw{V{^d dam............ZmQ>mdWmgml && AS>,

20.5.6.7

13. blv$v$iu, . 20

14. Jm da gwh myN>ZmXo gml & Zh cpfsu, . 80

15. fS>O Jmo M fS>O gdmX nM M &

gdmXmo Jmo nMf^ M && pV$eip, 28.12

16. Jmo Vw lnH$> nM H$m & AS>, 28.23 u


35 . 318

17. H$wVm dam gVyN>Zmd{^g{kVm &

H$mdamUm gVmZmmamohMmdamohU && AS>, 28

18. Jm dagwh myN>ZmXo gml & kNusfpL$f, 1

19. wIo Vw Jm fS>O {VwIo V &

gmYm[aV VWm J ^o@eo H${eH$ && pV$eip, 28

20. EdoZ {dZm JmZ ZmQ> amJ Z JN>{V &

nydamJ{dYmZo Vw H$Vmo JmZOmo {d{Y && AS>, 32.45

21. AV D$d dm{ Jr{VZm{n bjU &

Wm mJYr kom {VrmMmYmJYr &&

g^ m{dVm VVrm M MVwWu Wwbm Vm &

{^Zd{m JrVm m gm Jr{VmJYr mm &&

AWH$mb{Zdmm M {dkom dYmJYr

g^ m{dVm M {dkom Jwdja g{dVm &

bdjadVm {Zm nWwbm gH$s{VVm && AS>, 29.76 u 79

22. AS>, A. 29

23. Sy>Ap, AS>, 33.525

24. AS>, 4.247, 48

25. AS>,

26. AS>, 33

27. V{b gm{h Ama gH${V, n. 117. 18

28. Sy>Ap, Ahv$pisL$, 17, . 42 u 44

29. ZJrV dm{X H$bmd{^km & qv$epv$p, 38, . 71.

30. Sy>Ap, byQqfs 1.44.45 A kpv$fv$, 10.36


31. wJrV OJwXlw{gV...............byQqfs, 27.64

32. dra n.....................aOrdanyOZ & AS>, 28.11.12

33. mVmd VVm VmVmZ dm hoVwZ wIamZ YZm & kpv$fv$,

10.25

34. Sy>Ap, qv$epv$p, 8.67 A rhiydN, 12.78, . 271.

35. Sy>Ap, hpepe L$pdk|, 1.15, .364

36. Sy>Ap, AS>, 1.4.23, . 48

37. Sy>Ap, AS>, 1.4.23, . 364

38. Vofm Mofm H$m gm H$bm gm dm........&

AS>, 1.4.35, . 51

39. gVmh gVy JbZmZ ngmYZZ gh^moOZ ojmg~{YZm M nyOZ&

AS>, 3.2.4, . 192

40. epohe drs, gpL$, 42, . 101

41. WmdYmZoZ nT>Z gm Jm{dda &

gmdYmZWmmgmna ~m{YJN>{V &&

Sy>Ap, AS>, Aepe-3 gpL$, 111

42. Sy>Ap, AS>, gpL$, 148, . 231

43. drUm dmXZVdk lw{VOm{V{demaX &

Vmbk mgoZ mojmJ {ZJN>{V &&

44. gm M yN>Zm, {h {dm gVdayN>Zm, mXeda yN>Zm Mo{V &

blv$v$iu, . 22

45. ZQ>Q> JrV dmL> gaJ nyadaJ, gVmb &$ Sy>Ap, Ahv$p k|,

. 167

46. JrVa{V JY ZQ>Q> Hw$ebo &$ Sy>Ap, AS>, . 196


Sy>Ap, AS>, Aepe-3 gpL$, 114

47. JrVkmo {X JrVoZ ZmZmo{V na nX & mZwMamo y^dm VoZd gh

moXVo &&

Sy>Ap, AS>, Aepe-3, gpL$, 115

48. Sy>Ap ppPN k|, . 671 u 72

49. Sy>Ap fpepkZue k|, . 62 u 64$

50. daoU VmVwVod O{nVmm{^OmVdm{M &

Anw>m {VHw$beXm lmoV{dVr[ad VmL>mZm &&

Ly$dpfkch, 1.45

51. JmYdo{^bmf & {MagJrVmonmgZoZ & rsopepN^ fpeZ, AL$, 2, .

28,

dR>L$qV$L$d AL$, 1, . 4

52. F$doX gmdoX J{UVW H$bm d{eH$s...... dR>L$qV$L$d AL$, 1.4

53. Sy>Ap, rsdppV$L$, 1.4, Qpfyv$d, . 49, AS>, 3.106.108,

gpL$-5

54. Sy>Ap, fOyhid, 2.12, dOv|$s, gpL$-10

55. Sy>Ap, fOyhid, 9.35, F>syklpf, 1.8, rh$dphiued, AL$-1,

gpL$-3,

AL$-1, . 104

Arcop, AL$-1, AL$-5, dOv|$s, gpL$-25, dpgrhL$prrdd,

AL$-2.4

56. drUm {h Zm gwmo{WV aZ Hw$V &

Bhas A Stady, P. 423

dR>., AL$-3, . 104


rsop., AL$-3, . 48

57. Sy>Ap, fOyhid, 8.35

58. Sy>Ap, AS>, 19.13

59. Sy>Ap, AS>, 19.35.36

60. Sy>Ap, hpeyyfpZ, 11.24.25

61. Sy>Ap dpL$X$eyfpZ, 23.56; hpeyfpZ, 24.36

62. AS>, 11.254, rhyfpZ, A-3

63. hpeyyfpZ, 2.24

64. rhyfpZ, A-19

65. is{ukrlsp, cpN-1

66. ZmmdgmZo ZQ>amOamOmo, ZZmX T>H$m Zdn#mdma &

CVwH$m gZH$m{X{gmZ, EVX{deo {edgyOmb &&

kop L$fZ . 4 (kfhsu y.c., hks c$, .Ap. 1983, q.Ap.

1987)

67. Sy>Ap, is{ukrlsp (rihyfpZ), cpN - 1

68. ~bXod Cnmm gH$V gm{h H$m B{Vhmg, n. 239

69. dhr, n. 239

70. dhr, n. 239

71. wXJbny gmoa{MV, amJ{d~moY,

72. ~bXod Cnmm gH$V gm{h H$m B{Vhmg, n. 245

73. dhr, n. 246

74. H$Umdmr AmJa, A History of India Opera.

75. AmMm ~bXod Cnmm, n. 246


76. NusNpthv$; kN - 4

77. AS>, kN - 4

78. AS>,

79. AS>,

80. H$S>mZb, gH$V gm{h H$m B{Vhmg; n. 221

81. b{bVbdbVm...........JrVJmoqdX., gJ-1, n. 27

82. dh{V M...........VX, gJ-4, n. 59

83. Xem Vd Xmbgo...........VX, gJ-10, n. 120

84. NusNpthv$, kN-1, b^ -1, . 17 u 22

85. AS>, . 24 u 25, gpL$ - 2 u 9

86. AS>, . 23

87. AS>, b^ -4.3, . 36

88. AS>, kN-2, b^ -5.6

89. AS>, kN-5, b^ -10.11

90. AS>, kN-6, b^ -12, . 81

91. aUod.............gIrOZdMZd{OVm &&

VX, gJ-7, cmoH$-1.3, n. 85

92. VX, gJ-7, n. 89

93. dhr, gJ-9, ~Y-12

94. dhr, gJ-10, ~Y-19

95. dhr, gJ-11, ~Y-21

96. dhr, ~Y-22

97. dhr, gJ-12, n. 144

98. dhr, n. 147


99. H$S>mZb, gH$V gm{h H$m ~hX B{Vhmg H$m {d^mJ - II - n.

238

100. NusNpthv$, kN-1, b^ -1, gpL$-2, . 14

101. AS>, . 24

102. AS>, . 32

103. AS>, kN-3, . 43

104. H$mo{H$bH$bad...........go{dH$ma && AS>, kN-3, . 44

105. JrV ZV M dm...............kNus fpL$f, hp. 1, 1.1.29

JrV dm{XZmZm grVwVo & kNus pqfs, gpL$-20

106. b{bVbdbVmn[aerbZ H$mobbgrao &

YwH$a {ZH$a H$a{~V H$mo{H$bHy${OV Hw$OHw$Q>rao &&

{dha{V h[a[ah gagdgVo, Z{V wd{VOZoZ g g{I {da{hOZ

XaVo &&

NusNpthv$, kN-1, . 27

107. AS>, kN-12, . 141 u 146

108. AS>., kN-12, . 141

109. AS>, kN-1, . 31

110. {dnwbnwbH$ w^Onbddb{Vdbdwd{Vgh &

H$aMaUmoa{g {UJU y^fU{H$aU {d{^ZV{ &&

amgo h[a{h {d{hV{dbmg, a{V Zmo H$V n[ahmg &&

JrVJmoqdX, gJ-1, n. 39

111. AS>, kN-2, -8, gpL$-2, . 38

112. AS>, . 36

113. AS>, . 33


114. AS>, kN-3, . 44

115. {VH$R>{dbmobm{bVabmomg demoaX -

JrVWmZH$VmdYmZbbZmbjZ gb{jVm &

gwY YwgyXZ Ywao amYmwIoXm X -

nX nb{dV{Ma XXVw d j H$Q>mjmo && JrVJmoqdX, gJ-3,

n. 55.56

116. gJrV {demaX, n. 138

117. wIaYra O Ora [anw{d Ho${bfw bmob

Mb g{I Hw$O g{V{anwO erb Zrb{ZMmob &

Yra grao wZmVrao dg{V dZo dZmbr

JmonrnrZnmoYaXZMdbH$awJembr && JrVJmoqdX, gJ-5, n.

72

118. w$aVw Hw$M H$^mon[a {UOar aOVw Vd XXoe &

agVw agZm{n VdYZ-OYZ-S>bo KmofVw Y{ZXoe &&

{o Mmerbo {o Mmerbo #m { mZ{ZXmZ &

gn{X XZmZbmo Xh{V mZg Xo{h wIH$bYwnmZ &&

VX, gJ-10, n. 115

119. YZOYZVZ^ma^ao XaWaMaU{dhma &

wI[aV{UOarwno{h {dYo{h amb{dH$ma &&

wYo YwWZZwJVZwga am{YHo$ && VX, gJ-11, n. 122

120. H$aH$boZ H$amo{ MaUhmJ{Vm{g {dXa &

jUwnHw$ eZmon[a m{d ZynwaZwJ{Veya &&

AUYwZm ZmamUZwJVZwga m am{YHo$ && VX, gJ-12, n. 137

121. e{ew{I ! wIa {UaeZmJwUZwJwUH$>{ZZmX &


lw{V wJbo {nH$ad{d$bo e {MamXdgmX && VX, gJ-12, n.

139

122. XJmYdH$bmgo H$mebZwmZ M XdUd,

MN>ma{ddoH$VddZmH$mofw brbm{V &

Vgd OXodnpS>V H$do H$UH$VmZmZ,

gmZXm n[aemoYVw gw{Y lr JrVJmo{dXV &&

VX, gJ-12, n. 148

123. gm ggmggmZX Jmo{dXo bmobbmoMZm &

{gOmZm {UOra {ddoe {ZdoeZ && VX, gJ-11, n. 130

124. amJ{d~moY, n. 38

125. - ZmQ>em, Am-3

- g. aZmH$a, ^mJ - 2

- grV nm[aOmV, cmoH$ 21 go 25

126. ZmQ>em, Am-3

127. ddV$ L$s, L$pe L$pi, Dgpk - 10; fpS>iMf L$s, L$pedudpkp.

mVm qH$ Z {b{V gwX[a & AeVH$, cmoH$-3

128. ~hX gH$V gm{h H$m B{Vhmg, ~bXod Cnmm

129. dhr,

130. Bemdm BX gd.........&& Bemdm Cn{ZfX wI

131. L$ZL$Zpds sp, .40

132. ^mJdXnwamU, 10.29.33

133. AZm@@am{YVmo ZyZ ^JdmZ h[aara &.......VX, Xe H$Y, A.

30.28

134. VX, Xe H$Y, A. 31


135. VX, 10.29.44

136. VX, 10.29.45

137. VX, 10.3

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