ISDE Dialog Styles10

7/28/2019 ISDE Dialog Styles10

1/39

1

Interaction Styles


2/39

2

Introduction In order to get a system or a device to do

something for us we need to be able to

communicate/ interact with that system There are different was user can do this

How do you communicate with your MP3 to get itto play the music you want to hear?

How do you get a the snack or drink that youwant from a vending machine?


3/39

Remember the coffee

machine!!

3


4/39

4

Interaction styles The choice of interaction style will

depend on The type of task The user

The environment

It will also depend on the technologyand the choice of input and outputdevices


5/39

5

The Primary Styles of

Interaction Q & A

Menu selection

Form fill-in

Command language

Direct manipulation Natural language/Anthropomorphic


6/39

6

Q & A Simple interaction style

Users respond to series of questions

Input is usually Y/N or a particularsingle input

Print whole document?

No of pages to print?

No of copies


7/397


8/398

Advantages of Q & A Easy to learn

Good for novice or casual users

Errors can be trapped

User is led step by step through thetask


9/399

Disadvantages of Q & A Task has to be clearly defined and quite

narrow

Have limited functionality

Not sophisticated


10/3910

Menu Selection

Employs metaphor of restaurant menu

Users read list of items; select appropriately

according to task; apply syntax to indicate selection;confirm choice; initiate action; observe effect

Designers may need to use careful task analysis toensure all functions supported conveniently, and thatterminology is appropriate and consistent in use


11/3911

Advantages and

Disadvantages of Menus Advantages

shortens learning curve

reduces keystrokes

structures decision-making

permits use of dialogue-management tools

allows easy support of error-handling

Disadvantages imposes danger of deep-nested menu hierarchies may slow frequent users

consumes screen real estate

requires rapid display rate


12/3912

Menus Activity How might you structure a menu for

the following options

Print in a WP application

Selecting a patient from a medicaldatabase

To find the price of a particular car


13/39

Menu Task Looking 4 Picture Gallery

Memory Card

Images

Video Clips

Music

More Options

13


14/39

Images Empty

14


15/39

Memory Card Dictionary

Pre defMusic

Pre dev Videos

Themes

More

15


16/39

More Themes

Graphics

Tones

Recordings

Received Files

16


17/39

??? Graphics

Tones

Games

Collection

More Images

17


18/39

I will try ImagesYipee! Worth waiting for??

18


19/39

19

Form Fill-in

Paper forms can be used as metaphor (orindeed, template)

Users see a display of related fields; move acursor among the fields, and enter data asappropriate

Designers need to ensure that users

understand field labels, appropriate valuesand the data-entry method, and are capableof responding to error messages - some usertraining may be necessary


20/39

Form Fill

20


21/39

21

Form Fill Activity List 10 applications where you would

consider using a form fill dialogue


22/39

22

Advantages and

Disadvantages of Form Fill-in Advantages

simplifies data entry

requires modest training

makes assistance convenient

permits use of form-management tools

Disadvantages consumes screen real estate


23/39

23

Form Fill Activity How can you minimise the risk of a user

entering the date incorrectly in a date

field? How can you make it clear to the user

what the mandatory fields are?

What do you think the task structure forgetting an on-line car insurance quoteshould be


24/39

24

Command Language

Appropriate metaphor may be military paradeground!

Users learn syntax; can express complex possibilitiesrapidly without reading distracting prompts

Designers must allow for high error-rates; diversity ofpossibilities and complexity of mapping from task tocomputer syntax is hard; user training is necessary


25/39

25

Advantages and Disadvantages of

Command Language Advantages

flexible

appeals to power users

supports user-initiative

convenient for creating user-defined macros

Disadvantages poor error handling

requires substantial training and memorisation


26/39

26

Command Language activities For a travel agency airline reservation

and enquiry system how might a

command based dialogue system beutilised?

Why do you think this style could be an

advantage / disadvantage


27/39

27

Anthropomorphic/Natural

Language Utilises conversational metaphor

Aims to interact in same way that humans interactwith each other

Natural Language - Usersspeak orenter naturallanguage sentences; computer often seeksclarification before beginning task

Anthropomorphic - Recognise gestures, facial

expressions, eye movements Designersneed to understand task domain to narrow

range of interpretations to manageable level; designis extremely difficult


28/39

28

Natural language What would be the advantages of using

natural language for a train ticket

enquiry system? What would be some of the

disadvantages?

List 3 applications where it could be abenefit


29/39

29


Natural Language Advantages

relieves burden of learning syntax

Is natural no need to learn -no training!

Can be good for people with physical disabilities

Disadvantages requires clarification dialogue

may require more keystrokes/slow prone to errors

may not show context

is unpredictable

Domain areas where it can be used are very limited


30/39

30

Direct Manipulation

Metaphoris of a virtual world representing the realworld

Userspoint at visual representations of objects andactions, carry out tasks rapidly and see immediateresults; keyboard control replaced by cursor-motioncontrol devices

Designersneed to choose appropriate icons and

graphics to successfully immerse the user - minimaluser training indicated


31/39

Direct Manipulation

31


32/39

32


Direct Manipulation Advantages

presents task concepts visually

easy to learn

easy to retain

permits error avoidance

encourages exploration

permits high subjective satisfaction

Disadvantages May be difficult for physically impaired Require graphics displays and pointing devices


33/39

33

Shneidermans Eight Golden

Rules of Dialogue Design1. Strive for consistency

2. Enable frequent users to use shortcuts

3. Offer informative feedback4. Design dialogues to yield closure

5. Offer simple error handling

6. Permit easy reversal of actions7. Support internal locus of control

8. Reduce short-term memory load


34/39

34

Menu-Selection & Form Fill-in

Additional Guidelines


35/39

Menu selection design

guidelines Semantic organisation

sensible, understandable, memorable

menus must have logical grouping ofoptions based on users task

single menu is simplest, but options are few

(in GUIs radio buttons or check boxes can be

used)

binary (Yes/No) menus are a possibility

extended menus (multiple pages are morenormal)


36/39

Extended menus

Strategies for extended menus include

multiple screens accessed hierarchically

scrollable single windows

pull-down menus: lower levels invisibleuntil accessed from a top menu bar

pop-up menus: context-sensitiveavailability of option lists


37/39

Menu selection guidelines

Use task semantics to group menu options

Use broad and shallow options rather than narrowand deep

Make items brief; show position by numbers,graphics or titles

Use meaningful sequences of items

Use consistent grammar, layout, terminology Provide short-cuts (e.g., hot-key combinations)

Allow jumps to previous menus


38/39

Form fill-in design

Meaningful titles - dictated by task, not computer,semantics

Comprehensible instructions

brief, jargon-free instructions preferred

Logical grouping and sequencing of fields

close as possible to paper form template

Visually appealing layout

uniform spacing is better than crowded areas

Familiar field-label names and order of entry

left-to-right, top-to-bottom but with task logic in mind


39/39

Form fill-in: Error handling and

feedback Error correction for individual characters and entire

fields

user should not be forced to complete data entrybefore backtracking to make corrections

Clear error-messages and on-line help for invalidentries

Optional and compulsory fields clearly distinguished

Clear completion signal

avoid making completion automatic; explicit confirmation offinish is preferable

Documents

ISDE Dialog Styles10