ISOM 2000

IOF Event Advisor’s ClinicApril 19-21. 2002, Brno, Czech

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ISOM 2000

(the map standard andmisinterpretations)

ISOM 2000ISOM 2000

László ZentaiMap Commission

http://lazarus.elte.hu/http://lazarus.elte.hu/mcmc

(the map standard and misinterpretations)

(the map standard and misinterpretations)


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ISOM 2000


• ISOM 2000• Report on World Ranking

Event maps 2001• Sprint o-map specification

• ISOM 2000• Report on World Ranking

Event maps 2001• Sprint o-map specification

TopicsTopics::


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ISOM2000 – the mapping rule

• Nearly perfect standard for Nearly perfect standard for Foot-O (and other disciplines).Foot-O (and other disciplines).

• A reliable basis for a fair A reliable basis for a fair competition.competition.

• A clear message to organizers A clear message to organizers on the expected standard.on the expected standard.

• A clear message to athletes on A clear message to athletes on what to expect in order to what to expect in order to prepare for competition.prepare for competition.

• A rule with wide agreement A rule with wide agreement among competitors and IOF among competitors and IOF member federations.member federations.

• In most countries it is used as In most countries it is used as a „Bible”.a „Bible”.

What is ISOM today?What is ISOM today?


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ISOM2000 – the mapping rule

• It’s not a manual for teaching It’s not a manual for teaching map making (use IOF map making (use IOF Instructor's Kit)Instructor's Kit)..

• It’s not a playground for It’s not a playground for experimentationexperimentation..

What can’t ISOM be?What can’t ISOM be?


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ISOM2000 – the scale issue 1

The scale for an orienteering map is 1:15 000. The scale for an orienteering map is 1:15 000. Terrain that cannot be fieldworked at a scale of Terrain that cannot be fieldworked at a scale of 1:7500 and legibly presented at a scale of 1:15 1:7500 and legibly presented at a scale of 1:15 000, is not suitable for international foot-000, is not suitable for international foot-orienteering.orienteering.

Maps at 1:10 000 may be produced for relay and short Maps at 1:10 000 may be produced for relay and short distance distance ((plus mediumplus medium) ) competitions.competitions.The scale 1:10 000 is recommended for older age groups The scale 1:10 000 is recommended for older age groups (45 and above) where reading fine lines and small (45 and above) where reading fine lines and small symbols may cause problems or for younger age groups symbols may cause problems or for younger age groups (age classes 16 and below) where the capacity of (age classes 16 and below) where the capacity of reading complex maps is not fully developed. reading complex maps is not fully developed. Where a map is enlarged to a scale of 1:10 000 or Where a map is enlarged to a scale of 1:10 000 or greater, all lines and symbols must be enlarged to 150% greater, all lines and symbols must be enlarged to 150% (like a blueprint).(like a blueprint).


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The reasons for the decision to permit only scale 1 : 15 000 in junior and elite competitions over the classic distance are the following disadvantages of maps at 1 : 10 000:

Route choice problemRoute choice problem::Remote alternative routes are not recognised with a long Remote alternative routes are not recognised with a long leg between two controlsleg between two controls..

Long leg overview problemLong leg overview problem::For long legs over 2 km it is hardly possible to keep an For long legs over 2 km it is hardly possible to keep an overview of more than 25 cm on the map while running.overview of more than 25 cm on the map while running.

Map size problemMap size problem::Elite routes up to 20 km long require very large map Elite routes up to 20 km long require very large map formats, which can hardly be handled in the competition.formats, which can hardly be handled in the competition.


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The reasons for the decision to permit only scale 1 : 15 000 in junior and elite competitions over the classic distance are the following disadvantages of maps at 1 : 10 000:

Number of controls problemNumber of controls problem::The general experience is that a course on a 1:10,000 map has The general experience is that a course on a 1:10,000 map has significantly more controls than a course of the same length on significantly more controls than a course of the same length on the same map at 1:15,000. The course is thus more a long the same map at 1:15,000. The course is thus more a long „„sshort distance" event and route choice as an orienteering hort distance" event and route choice as an orienteering technique is often neglected.technique is often neglected.

Wildlife protection problemWildlife protection problem::With a reasonable map size of up to A3 it is only possible to With a reasonable map size of up to A3 it is only possible to represent an area of 3.0 km x 4.2 km, i.e. about 12 kmrepresent an area of 3.0 km x 4.2 km, i.e. about 12 km22 at a at a maximum. Such an area is generally too small to be able to maximum. Such an area is generally too small to be able to permit designation of adequate wildlife protection areas.permit designation of adequate wildlife protection areas.


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ISOM2000 – introduction

These specifications (ISOM2000) should be read These specifications (ISOM2000) should be read in conjunction with the rules for IOF in conjunction with the rules for IOF orienteering events.orienteering events.

For IOF events For IOF events (WOC, JWOC, WMOC, WRE) (WOC, JWOC, WMOC, WRE) deviations are permissible only with the deviations are permissible only with the sanction of the IOF Map Commission (IOF MC).sanction of the IOF Map Commission (IOF MC).

For other events such sanction must be given by the For other events such sanction must be given by the national federation. In addition, there are national federation. In addition, there are supplementary specifications for other orienteering supplementary specifications for other orienteering disciplines on the basis of the specification for foot disciplines on the basis of the specification for foot orienteering maps.orienteering maps.


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ISOM2000 – general requirements

In the ideal case no competitor should gain an In the ideal case no competitor should gain an advantage or suffer a disadvantage because of advantage or suffer a disadvantage because of faults on the map.faults on the map.

For the mapmaker, the task is knowing which features For the mapmaker, the task is knowing which features to map and how to represent them.to map and how to represent them.

A continuing involvement in the sport is important for a A continuing involvement in the sport is important for a basic understanding of the requirements for the basic understanding of the requirements for the orienteering map: its content, the need for accuracy, orienteering map: its content, the need for accuracy, the level of detail and above all the need for the level of detail and above all the need for legibilitylegibility..


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Printing techniques

Colour copiers, printers and other digital printing Colour copiers, printers and other digital printing equipment are not yet suitable for printing equipment are not yet suitable for printing orienteering maps orienteering maps for high level competitionsfor high level competitions. It is . It is very difficult to achieve the line quality, legibility and very difficult to achieve the line quality, legibility and colour appearance of traditional spot colourcolour appearance of traditional spot colour offset offset printed maps using this kind of equipment.printed maps using this kind of equipment.

It is expected that the continuing development of It is expected that the continuing development of computer technology will lead to the possibility of computer technology will lead to the possibility of using alternative printing methods with quality using alternative printing methods with quality suitable for large competitions.suitable for large competitions.Most printing devices use a 4-colour technique Most printing devices use a 4-colour technique (CMYK). For such devices the same colour settings as (CMYK). For such devices the same colour settings as recommended for 4-colour offset printing may be recommended for 4-colour offset printing may be suitable, but the colour appearance will vary slightly suitable, but the colour appearance will vary slightly from one device to another and from one paper quality from one device to another and from one paper quality to another.to another.


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The Event Advisor is not necessarily an experienced o-mapper, but he/she must be capable to judge the map quality.

The advisor must be able to make the mapping rules strictly kept to guarantee the fair competition for each runner.

Think globally, not locally.


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The mapping process and the role of the IOF Event Advisor

In the ideal case the Advisor can influence In the ideal case the Advisor can influence some processes:some processes:

In connection with the mapping process:In connection with the mapping process:• choosing fair terrain (no advantage for choosing fair terrain (no advantage for local competitors)local competitors);;• choosing the mappers (international choosing the mappers (international experience)experience);;• guarantee the map quality (national map guarantee the map quality (national map controller).controller).


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The practice:Report on World Ranking Event maps 2001


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Statistics of the WRE 2001

• Number of events: 65 (including WOC and Akita) Classic events: 47 Short: 13 Sprint: 2 Other (normal, long, medium): 3

• Number of organizing countries: 29 Europe: 25 Other: 4 (Australia, Canada, Japan, USA)

* - terminology based on previous elite events system according to IOF WRE site: sprint, short, classic.


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Distribution of European organizers


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Misuse 1: the scale issue

WREs to be organized according to the WOC rules.„Maps at 1:10 000 may be produced for relay and short distance competitions.”

Classic events = 1:15000 scale

Collected 37 maps of classic events:1:10000 scale – 12 maps1:15000 scale – 25 maps


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Misuse 1: the scale issue 2

12 events used 1:10000 scale maps on classic events. 1:10000 scale maps are simply magnification (150%).

Austria (contour lines are 0.1 mm instead of 0.21 mm)BelgiumCanada (2days event on the same map)CroatiaDenmarkEstoniaGreat-Britain (contour line are 0.16 mm instead of 0.21 mm)LatviaLithuaniaSwedenUkraineYugoslavia (contour line are 0.14 mm instead of 0.21 mm, point symbols were also smaller)


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Misuse 2: the lack of index contours„102 Every fifth contour shall be drawn with a thicker line. „

Not used:Austria (1) – 1:15000/5m !!!Belgium (1) – 1:10000/2.5m (height difference is minimal)Canada (1) – 1:10000/2.5m (2 events)Denmark (1) – 1:15000/2.5m Estonia (2) – 1:15000/2.5m and 1:10000/2.5mFinland (6) – 1:15000/5m (3), 1:10000/5m (2), 1:5000 (1)Sweden (2) – 1:10000/2.5m and 1:10000/4mUkraine (1) – 1:10000/2.5m (height difference is minimal)


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Misuse 3: special signs

WRE maps must follow ISOM2000, deviations are prohibited, any deviation is allowed only by the Map Commission and not the Event Advisor.


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Printing methods

Offset: 46• 4 colours: 2 (AUT, UKR)• 4 colours-FM screen: 2 (DEN)• 5 colours: 24• 6 colours (grey): 7 (AUS, FIN)• 6 colours (red): 5• More: 6 (FIN WOC maps)

Other digital (laser): 4 (AUT, 2EST, ROM)Inkjet (?): 3 (UKR, 2CAN)


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Printing methods 2

„Other printing methods may be used, if colours and line width have the same quality as printing with spot colours (brown, black, green,

yellow, blue).”(ISOM 2000)Alternative printing

methods are not suitable for international events: for local events and for disciplines like MBO, ski-o and trail-o.


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An example of misuse 1

1:10000 for classic,wrong magnification,no index contours,wrong colours,wrong size of signs.


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An example of misuse 2

WOC 2001 Tampere,Classic distance

Missing gaps of the path between controls 9-10


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International Specification for Sprint (Urban) Orienteering Maps

The specification is still a proposal, but the Map Commission is working on it.

Antecedents:• ISOM2000: only park orienteering – not

rules, just guideline.

• Leibnitz convention: IOF Congress, 2000.

• Elite Event Group suggestion (yearly WOC, new structure: sprint is added) accepted in Tampere, 2001.


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The Map Commission is pressed to establish the specification for Sprint o-maps as soon as possible.

• 2001 Tampere: sprint was an official discipline, but it was organized in a forest area.

• 2002 Hungary, European Championships and World Cup Event. Sprint-o will be an official event: mixed area, but mostly forest.

• 2003 Switzerland, WOC: urban area.


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Why is it problematic?

The integration of urban areas into the arena of orienteering sports causes some major problems from a cartographical point of view.

• The urban terrain differs completely from the classical forest terrain. Especially in the center of old downtowns, the degree of details can be much higher then in a forest.

• The urban areas, generally paved areas, permit very high running speed. However, in urban area, they’re also many restrictions (forbidden or dangerous areas), which runners must take into consideration;

• The short distances / sprint (2.5 to 4.0 km) permit the use of large scale within the range of 1:2000 - 1:5000.


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Why is it problematic (illustrations)?


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The timeline of the process

• Working Draft (Winter 2002)

• Candidate Recommendation (Spring 2002), implementation into map project

• Proposed Recommendation (Fall 2002)

• Recommendation (February 2003)


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The principles 1

Sprint Orienteering specification focuses on the matter to show passable or impassable and forbidden passages:

•Private areas are forbidden to pass.

•All impassable or uncrossable features (fences, walls, cliffs, etc.) are forbidden to pass as well.

•Parts of buildings that are shown passable in a map, must be open during competition, as well as parts of buildings that are shown closed in a map, must be closed during competition.


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The principles 2

The following restrictions have to be mentioned in urban areas: • An International Sprint Orienteering event may not take

place in the underground (e.g. cellars, underground buildings) or in buildings (indoor). Therefore, just the main level is shown on a map.

• However, important underground passages (e.g. lighted tunnel, underpass), which are important for the runners must be shown in a map.

• Traffic must be taken into consideration in urban areas. The organizers are responsible for the runner’s safety. They have to do everything, what is reasonable to prevent accidents (e.g. close roads or restrict traffic). If this is not possible, the chosen area is not suitable for sprint orienteering.


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The principles 3

The scale 1:4000 or 1:5000 can be used. Scale 1:4000 is recommended for old and/or narrow downtowns. According to the certain scale, the contour interval must be adopted. In general, the contour interval value should be 2 m for 1:4000 or 2.5 m for 1.5000.

The minimum dimension of a features in a map is 2 x 2m in its projection. An object smaller than 2 x 2m can be shown if it’s very visible or high.


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Samples 1


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Samples 2


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Samples 3


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THE ENDTHE END

László ZentaiMap Commission

http://lazarus.elte.hu/http://lazarus.elte.hu/mcmc

Thank you for your attention

Documents

ISOM 2000