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Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & tutorials

Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

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Page 1: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Isotope Geochemistry I

Lectures &

tutorials

Page 2: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM
Page 3: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Literature

G. Faure: Principles of Isotope Geology (3. Aufl. 2005) A. Dickin: Radiogenic Isotope Geology (2. Aufl. 2005) B. White: Lehrbuch im Netz: http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/geo455/Chapters.HTML G. Stosch: Einführung in die Isotopengeochemie http://www.dmg.uni-koeln.de/Lehre.html

Abb. Zur Vorlesung: http://homepages.uni-tuebingen.de/wolfgang.siebel/

Page 4: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Radiometric dating A time machine to the past

Page 5: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Wieso Isotope? Datierung mit radioaktiven Isotopen ist der einzige Weg geologische Zeit quantitativ zu messen. Hier einige fundamentale Beispiele: Bestimmung des Erdalters Entstehung von Gebirgen in welchen Zeiträumen entstehen sie und wie schnell werden sie wieder erodiert? Evolutionsgeschwindigkeit von Lebewesen

Page 6: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

2

3

1

4

http://www.mineralogie.uni-wuerzburg.de/projects/frimmel03.html

Page 7: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Wieso Isotope?

Unterschiedliche Reservoire auf der Erde (z.B. Mantel, Kruste) besitzen unterschiedliche Isotopensignaturen. Das ermöglicht uns die Bestimmung der Herkunft von Gesteinen (z.B. können wir mit einer Isotopenanalyse feststellen ob ein bestimmter Granit aus einer Mantel- oder einer Krustenschmelze stammt).

Courtesy: F. Finger, Univ. Salzburg

Page 8: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Arthur Holmes 1913: The age of the Earth

Page 9: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM
Page 10: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM
Page 11: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM
Page 12: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Stratigraphie und Datierung (Chronostratigraphie)

Page 13: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Lithostratigraphy (sedimentary rocks), biostratigraphy (fossils) and radiometric dates from the Bearpaw Formation, southern Saskatchewan, Canada. Baadsgaard et al. (1993)

Towards a calibrated geological time scale

Page 14: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Towards a calibrated geological time scale

Page 15: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Penck & Brückner (1909)

Page 16: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM
Page 17: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Laschamp

the Earth at 40 ka

short and fast reversal of the Earth's magnetic field short-term climate variability of the last ice age and volcanic eruption in Italy

Page 18: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

short and fast reversal of the Earth's magnetic field short-term climate variability of the last ice age and volcanic eruption in Italy

Laschamp event

Page 19: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Permo-Triassic mass extinction

Page 20: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Yellow = U-Pb zircon date Blue = Ar/Ar sanidine date

Beginning of Siberian Traps volcanism: 250.0 ± 1.6 Ma (Renne et al. 1995)

Permo-Triassic mass extinction

Yellow = U-Pb zircon, Blue = Ar/Ar sanidine

Page 21: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Mineral growth rates

Page 22: Isotope Geochemistry I - uni-tuebingen.de · Isotope Geochemistry I Lectures & Exercises Author: wsiebel Created Date: 5/17/2017 10:17:39 AM

Early evolution of the solar system extinct radionuclide dating