400
400 | |
International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF)1996 (ISSF) . ISSF
(IISI) , , , , 24 , 67 . 85% , ISSF (www.worldstainless.org) .
2
: 400 , JEAN-YVES GILET : , ICDA 400 400 , 400 400 400 59 63 64
66 67
5 6 9 13 21 27 31 37 45
ISSF
3
(DURBAN) - 400
4
400 ISSF , JEAN-YVES GILET ( )
ISS F 2004 2 400 . , Philippe Richard , 400 , 400 . , () , , . ,
, 400 , ISSF . . 400 , . . . 400 (Mo, Ti, Nb) . 400 409, 410 430 ,
, . 439, 441 , 400 . , . 444 316 .
400 , 300 . . 304 . ( 304 ) 200 . (, ) 400 Life cycle cost (, ,
, , ) . 400 . 400 . 400 . . . .
, . 400 . ISSF .Jean-Yves Gilet Chairman Market Development
Committee ISSF
5
(INTERNATIONAL CHROMIUM DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, ICDA) FRIEDRICH
TEROERDE
, ICDA ISSF . ICDA 1990 5 26 96 . . . . . . . . , ICDA ISSF .
18% . 5% , , , , , . , 300 . , , 300 . 400 . , 400 . , 400 , ISSF .
, 400 . 400 100 ,
, 400 . ISSF . 400 , , . , 400 . , ICDA . . 400 , 400 . 400 400
.
Friedrich Teroerde ICDA,
6
400
7
400 .
8
400 400 , , 400 .
STEFAN RAABBOSCH AND SIEMENS HOME APPLIANCES GROUP ( ),
. , 400 . 400 , , 400 .
3 1 , , , . 400 50% , 400 , 400 . . 400
JEAN-LOUIS LALBAGROUPE SEB (TEFAL, ROWENTA, KRUPS, MOULINEX,
ARNO, ALL CLAD, PANEX ) ()
15,000 , 400 40% . , , 400 . 400 , . 400 , , , . , 400 . 400 . ,
400 . 400 . , . 400 .
ROBERTA BERNASCONIWHIRLPOOL COPERATION () /
400 , . , . . 400 , . 400
9
- 400 .
10
GAETANO RONCHIIKEA
400 . 400 . , . 304 400 , . 400 . 304 400 (die) , . , 400 cost .
400 , . 400 .
, , , . 60,000 15% . 400 . 2003 IKEA 400 , 400 . 430 , . 400 .
300 , , . IKEA OEM . 400 OEM . 400 300 . 400 .
ATUSHI OKAMOTOTAKARA STANDARD CORP., () 1
Takara Standard . , (built-in) , . 40 400 . 400 . 400 , 400
(pressforming) . 400 . , . , 400 . 400 .
MICHAEL LEUNGYIU HENG INTERNATIONAL COMPANY LIMITED ()
Xinhui Rixing Stainless Steel Products . 800 , 400 66-70% . 1999
400 , 2002 .
11
400 , , 400 .
CLOVIS TRAMONTINATRAMONTINA ()
, Tramontina 850 , 30% 400 . 400 , , , . Farroupilha 1974 400 .
400 400 400 .
12
400
(lay-on sink) (deep) , 400 300 , . 400 . 400 . , . , 400 , . 400
.
400 , 400 ., , , , . 300 , .
, 400 , 300 300 .
LME (1999-2007, CASH US $/T)50,000 48,000 46,000 44,000 42,000
40,000 38,000 36,000 34,000 32,000 30,000 28,000 26,000 24,000
22,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000
2,000 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 02 02 02 03 03 04 04 04 05 05 05 05
06 07 07
(430)
400 ( 10.5%) . , . 400 , , . 400 300 , 300
, 300 , . . .
. ? , , 300 . 400 .
?13
(446M)
400 5 400 5 . 3 , 2 . 400 . 400 , .Containers, in grades 409L
and 410L.
400
Group 110-14%
2006 91% Group 214-18%
Group 3Group 2 (430): 430 400 14%-18% 13%
, 304 , 304 . , . 430 , , , 304 . 37 page . Group 3 (430Ti, 439,
441, ): Group3 Group 2 304 304 . , (,
30%
48%
409, 410, 420 : 10-14%
430 : 14-18%
430Ti, 439, 441 Cr : 14%-18%. Ti, Nb
Group 1 (409/410L): , . 400 . . 409 ( ) 410L , , , LCD .
), (409 ), .
4 0 0
2006 9% Group 4 Group 5
400 , .
7%
2%
434, 436, 444 Mo 0.5%
Cr : 18%-30% Group 400
14
Group 4 (434, 436, 444 ): . , , , , , , . 444 316 .
400 . 400 , ,
Group 5 (446, 445/447 ): , . 316 , . JIS 447 .
, , , , , , , . , .
, .
400 400 , .
400 400 , . . , . 430 , . , 400
. (400) . . 400 . , . 400 .
. , 400 , 300 . 400 .
,
. 400 300 . , 400 300 . , .
15
400 300 . .
, . . , , 400 . , (430, ).
, . .
, 300 . , 300 . 400 , ( ) , 400 . , 400 ., (430).
, 400
, . , (Life Cycle Cost) . 100% , 60% (melted scrap) . . (Life
Cycle Cost) 100% (biological neutrality)-EU RoHS 400 , , , , . ,
400 300 , 300 .
400 400 , . ! , , .
400 400 , . !16
400 , 400 . 400 - , 300 . 400 300 . 400 300 . Nb () 400 Creep .
400 300 300 , , . . 400 , , 300 . 400 304 . . 300 , 400 (stress
corrosion cracking) .
17
. , 304 , . 400 304 . , 400 . ( , ) . (430, ).
,
400 400 , , , 400 . 400 . , 400 . . 400 , , , .
400 , 304 18
( 430, )
400 , , .
19
DOMINIQUE MARETFAURECIA EXHAUST SYSTEMS () MARKETING
DIRECTOR
, Faurecia , 200,000 , 90% 400 . , (catalytic converters) 1970
400 , 400 300 .
400
400 400 . , 400 . , 900C 400 . 300 300 400 . , 400 .
20
(stainless) , . . . ( ) .
400 300 2 .5 4 0 0 3 0 4 3 0 0 400 .
, , , . . 400 300 2 .304
400 300 444
316 436
-
441 439 430 410L 409 G1 PRE 10 G2 16 G3 17 18
G4 20 24
, 400 304 () . 400 304 . (Moisture separator reheater) (439,
).
(436).
(444, ).
21
1: 400 ( ), . , 400 . 2: , . 3: Group 2 , . 4: 304 , . 5: 29% 4%
.
PRE PRE ( , pitting resistance equivalent number) . PRE , .
PR E PREN = %Cr = 3,3 x % Mo + 16 x %N 35 317LN 446/447 20C
30
25 316 20 304 430 15 409 444 436 439 20C
0
PRE , 300 400 . PRE PRE=%Cr+3.3%Mo 3.3 . , . , . PRE . (444,
).
, . , . (430, ).
. (p. 59 )
.22
( , ) ( )
(aging) ( ) (O2 ) 23
Ph ( ) . ph , 0 14 .
400 . , . , () , , SUS430J1L, .
, . (Ra ) . . .
. . .
(rust)
, .
409 410
430 439
304
444 316
447
, 400 300 . , , , () .
400 .24
(electrication box, 410 , )
(Oxidation Resistance) , 500C . , . . , . , 400 300 . , . 400 ,
, . .
400 300 .
400 400 , .
400 , 300 . 400 . 300 400 , 400 .
(LIFE CYCLE COST): . , . , , , . . , 400 . 400 . .
, 445,
400 , .
, 441.
, 430.
25
400 .
LG , ,
26
400
400 , 400 . 2006 300 2,500 , 400 15,500 . , 86% 400 .
400 . 400 , 300 . 400 400 . (creasing) , . , 400 .
, 400 , .400 (MPa)
, . 400 300 , . 300 .
(304/316) () HSLA () 400 (430)
UTS 600 UTS 500
, (compress), (stretch), (bend), (scratch), / (break) . . : . :
- . - . (Hardness): . (Toughness): .
400 YS 300 YS 200 () 400: 300: () A36
100
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 EI
UTS () MPa (1Mpa = 1N/mm3 = 145PSI = 0.1kg/mm3) . YS () . ,
.
, 400 430 .
, 410, .
. - (Yield strength, YS), (UTS, Ultimate tensile strength), (E,
Elogation) . , .
400 .27
, SUS430, .
(Ductility): (plasticity) . .
(Ksi)
p
400 . 300 , 300 . , . ( )ASTM A 240 Rm min 409 380 Rp02 min 170
A5 min 20 -JIS G 4305 Rm min -Rp02 min -A5 min -X2CrTi12 1.4512 EN
10088-2 Rm 380560 450650 450600 450630 480560 380530 420600 430630
420640 540750 Rp02 min 220 A80 min 25
410S
415
205
22
SUS 410 SUS 430 SUS 434 SUS 436 --
440
205
20
X2CrNi12
1.4003
320
20
430
450
205
22
420
205
22
X6Cr17
1.4016
280
18
434
450
240
22
450
205
22
X6CrMo17-1
1.4113
280
18
436
450
240
22
410
245
20
X6CrMoNb17-1
1.4526
300
25
, , . 400 . 400 300 , . 400 . , (, ) . 400 300 . 400 .
439
415
205
22
--
--
--
X2CrTi17
1.4520
200
24
439
415
205
22
--
--
--
--
X2CrTi17
1.4510
240
23
441
415
205
22
--
--
--
--
X2CrMoNb18
1.4509
250
18
S44400 (444) 304
415
275
20
SUS 444 SUS 304
410
245
20
X2CrMoTi18-2
1.4521
320
20
515
205
40
520
205
40
X5CrNi1-80
1.4301
230
45
, , , 400 300 304 . Rm , Rp02 , A5/A80 .
(Youngs modulus x103) N/mm2
g/cm3
mm2/m 0.58
0 ~ 100C J/kg C 460
100C W/m C 28
0~200C 0~600C 10-6/C 11 12
409/410 10%-14% Cr 430 14%-17% Cr Stabilised 430Ti, 439, 441 Mo
> 0,5% 434, 436, 444 Others 17%-30% Cr 304 Carbon steel
7.7
220
7.7
0.60
460
26
10.5
11.5
220
7.7
0.60
460
26
10.5
11.5
220
7.7
0.60
460
26
10.5
11.5
220
, 430 ().
7.7
0.62
460
25
10.0
11.0
220
7.9 7.7
0.72 0.22
500 460
15 50
16 12
18 14
200 215
400 (20C ) 304 . IS : g/cm 3 = kg/dm 3 J/kg C = J/kg K W/m C =
W/m K 10-6/C = 10-6/K N/mm3 = MPa.
28
, 444, .
400 , . 400 (LCC, LIFE CYCLE COST) .
29
, 400 .
ZHANG SENQINGDAO HAIER INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO. LTD., ()
30
400
Haier , , , , 400 . 2000 400 , 14,500 , 85% . 400 300 , .
300 304 , 400 , , . 400 . (punching) (drawing) 400 . 300 400 . .
. 300 , 400 .
400 400 3 . , , , .
400 . , . , SLIPPING .
, 441, .
( D E E P D R AW I N G )
. , . 300 400 , 400 ( 17% ) . (slipping) , (stretch-forming) .
.
400 Blank . 400 , , .
, 430, .
31
400 300 LDR . 400 ., 430, BA nish, .
L DR (LDR) 2.20 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.00 409 430 439 441 304
:
400 (STRETCH-FORMING)4 0 0 3 0 0 .
( S T R E TC H I N G FO R M I N G )
(LDR, LIMITED DRAWING RATIO) (LDR) . ( LD R , LIM IT E D D R AW
IN G RATIO) , .D d
. dome height (stretching) , (necking- ) .
(LDR) (D) (d) (LDR = D/d). Dome Height(K50) Dome Height (K50)-
mm 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 409 430 439 441 304
400 300 LDR .
32
(FORMING LIMIT CURVES) . (Forming Limit Curves) , , . , .
430Ti , 300 . (RIDGING) 400 (ridging)
(major strain) 1
0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0 0,1
439 436 304
460 441
409 434
(roping) . .
0,2
0,3
0,4
(minor strain) 2
. (ridging) ,
, , () () , . , , . 400 , 400 , 300 . 400 , , . .
(roping) .
, . , 441.
430Ti , , , 441.
300 .
: 409, .
33
(LUBRICATION) Sheet . 400 , . . , . (TOOLING) , , . , , (, )
.
400 300 , . BCC ( body , , 441.
centred cubic, ) FCC (face-centred cubic, ) .
(stretch-forming) (ridging) BCC
400 BCC
300 FCC
, 430Ti.
TiCN . (blankholder) . .
34
, 1.4003.
,
(hydroforming) , 1.4003.
, 439.
400 300 400 , 400 . 400 . , 400 300 . 400 . . 400 , .
400 .35
, , , 400 .
BERNHARD BLAESERMACADAMS BAKING SYSTEM (PTY) LTD ,
400 36
(provers) . 300 . , , . 400 400 . 400 .
400 400 . (Adhesive bonding) (mechanical joining)
400 300
(soldering)/ (blazing)
(welding)
,
(welding): , . (soldering): (soldering temperature) ( ), 450C .
(blazing): , 450C . (mechanical joining): (clinching), (seaming),
(riveting), (mechanical fastner) . Adhesive bonding: . , , .
. (arc welding), (resistance welding), (electron-beam welding),
(laser-beam welding), (friction welding) . . , , . , , , . , , ,
400 300 . 400 400 400 , 300 .
37
Ti, Nb 400 . . , 400 . , 5 . , , 3 . . 400 (heat affected zone)
. . (sensitisation) . . , 600-800C , . (PROTECTIVE GASES) , , 444,
.
, ,
(430) (410L)
(C+N) (430Ti, 409L)
400 , Cr, Mo, Ti/Nb . . 300 .
,
. , . . . (Ar) , (He) , . 400 . -
300 , 400 ,, , 439, .
(hydrogen embrittlement) . ( ). 400 . 400 , (phase formation)
(grain coarsening) . .
400 .38
400 : Fe Cr 2
600~800C (annealing)
Cr 15%
475C (Sigma () phase embrittlement)
400 ~ 540C
600C
Cr-Mo
550~800C Cr C
800C
600 - 700C
(GAS METAL ARC WELDING, GMAW, MIG) GTAW , GMAW . .
(ARC WELDING) 400 . (GAS TUNSTEN ARC WELDING, GTAW TIG/WIG) TIG
( WIG) , .
2-3% . . . GTAW . .
, , .
, , grade 441, .
(straight-polarity DC mode) . , (rod) ( ) ( ).
, , grade 1.4003.
400 , .
(grain coarsening)
39
. spot welding seam welding . : (HAZ) . . . forging . 400 . , ,
.
: . , . . . . . . . , . .
400 , , .
() (, soldering) (brazing) . . . . , grade 441.
450C ,
, , , , . (10% + 2% ), . , , 430Ti .
. , . . ( ) 20-25% . , .
40
400 .
. 5mm . .
thread-forming screws
(Self-piercing)
: . HAZ . . . , , . . , . , , . , , , . (SCREWING AND BOLTING) .
17% 400 . , 1-1.5% . (SEAMING) . , 180 . . , 300 400 . (CLINCHING)
,
. . . .
. .
.
430 (Auto-riveting), 1.5 mm.
41
. .
( BA finish) . , . . , . 400 1.4003/410 . , 430Ti.
(, ) . .
: , , . , . , . , , . . , 200C , . lap joint . .1.4003 .
.
42
43
NICK MCDONALD , LINCAT LIMITED, 1971 Lincat , 36 . 400 430 . . .
, . 430 , . 430 . 304 . , . , , , 430 . .
44
400
400 , , . 400 .400 . , . , , , . , , . 400 , . , 400 . , . .
EN 1.4509/441, , 607, Faurecia
EN 1.4509/441, , Faurecia
EN 1.4512/409, , Faurecia,
EN 304 & 441, , E , Faurecia
EN SUS430J1L, , Honeycomb(20%Cr-5%Al)
EN 1.4509/441, , Faurecia
SUS430,
SUS430J1L,
45
S.U.V.
SUS430,
EN 1.4016/430, , USA
EN 1.4113/434, USA
EN 1. 4513, Plastic Omnium,
(CAR BOOT SILL)
(HEADLIGHT)
(TRUCK)
(CLAMPS)
EN 1.4510/430ti, 307,
, EN 1.4513,
, EN 1.4113, USA
EN 1.4509/441, 1.4016/430
(FILTERS)
(BRAKE DISCS)
(THERMOSTAT)
(PADDLE WHEEL)
EN 1.4512/409l,
EN 1.4028/420
EN 1.4512/409,
EN 1.4512/409, 1.5 mm,
46
(BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION)- (IRONMONGERY WINDOW HINGES &
FASTENERS) (GUTTERING) (GUTTERING) (CHIMNEY DUCT)
EN 1.4016/430,
EN 1.4510/439, ,
EN 1.4510/439,
EN 1.4521/444, Chemines Poujoulat,
(CONSTRUCTION) (SQUARE-TUBE EXTERIOR INSULATING MEMBERS)
(EMERGENCY HOUSING) SHELTER (COMMUNICATION-SYSTEM SHELTER) (FACTORY
BUILDING)
SUH409L (EN 1.4512/409), JSSA,
EN 1.4016/430, , VERNEST and Centro Inox,
SUS436L (EN 1.4526/436), JSSA,
EN 1.4003, Columbus new nishing mill,
(ROOF STRUCTURE)
(BUILDING)
(BUILDING)
(BUILDING)
: 400
SUS445J1, SUS445J2, , 1996,
SUS445J2, , Phoenix Resort, 1994,
: SUS445J1, : SUS304, , 2005,
47
(BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION)
(CIVIL CONSTRUCTION) (NOISE-ABSORBING PLATE FOR OVERPASS)
(STRUCTURAL STEELWORK OF BRIDGE) (INNER WALL OF TUNNEL) (INNER WALL
OF TUNNEL)
SUS436 (EN 1.4526/436), JSSA,
EN 1.4003/410, , SASSDA, (8 )
SUS430J1L (EN 1.4016/430), JSSA,
EN 1.4016/430, , Monte Mario Tunnel, Centro Inox,
(WINDBREAKER FENCE)
(PLATFORM SCREEN DOOR)
(ELECTRIFICATION MASTS)
(POWER GENERATION)
SUS445J2, JSSA,
EN 1.4510/439, , KOSA,
EN 1.4003 (1982 , 10m, ),
EN 1.4003/ 410, x-grid ,
(CLADDING) (BUILDING FAADE CLADDING) (BUILDING FAADE CLADDING)
(BUILDING FAADE CLADDING) (BUILDING FAADE CLADDING)
SUS445m2, matt nish, ASSDA,
EN 1.4521/444 brushed no. 4 ( ), Vivo Building, Rio De Janeiro,
Nucleo Inox, ( )
SUS445J2, Future Science Museum, JSSA,
SUS445J2, Future Science Museum, JSSA,
48
(LIFTS) (ESCALATOR STEPS) (LIFT PANELS)
(ROOFING)
(BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION)
(MEDIADOME ROOF)
(SCHOOL ROOF)
SUS430LX (EN 1.4016/430),
EN 1.4510/439
SUS445J2, Kitakyushu Mediadome () 1998,
430Ti (standing seam technique), Ugine & Alz,
(GYMNASIUM ROOF)
(CANOPY)
(CHALET ROOF)
(AIRPORT ROOF)
445, KOSA, S. Korea
STS446M, KOSA, ,
EN 1.4510/430Ti (standing seam technique), Ugine & Alz,
SUS447J1, (: Renzo Piano), JSSA,
(URBAN FURNITURE) (LAMP POST) (POST BOXES) (TICKET MACHINE ON
RAILWAY PLATFORM) (ELECTRIFICATION BOXES)
EN 1.4510/439, , KOSA,
EN 1.4003/410, , SASSDA, . Utility 400 .
EN 1.4003/410, (15 ), SASSDA,
EN 1.4003/410, (15 ), SASSDA,
49
(COMMERCIAL FOOD EQUIPMENT) (BAKERY OVEN) (GAS COOKING
EQUIPMENT) (COFFEE SERVER) (HEATED MERCHANDISER)
430, Macadams Baking Systems (PTY) Ltd,
430, Lincat,
SUS430J1, JSSA,
430, Lincat,
(CONVEYOR TOASTER)
(MICROWAVE OVEN)
(BURNER RANGE)
(REFRIGERATOR)
Grade 430, Lincat, UK
430 ( ), JSSA,
430 (), POSCO,
SUS430J1L , JSSA,
(COFFEE MACHINE)
(RESTAURANT TROLLEY)
(DISPLAY MERCHANDISER)
(WALL CUPBOARD)
Grade 430, Lincat, UK
430
430, Lincat, UK
430, Lincat, UK
50
/ , 400 (400 ) . , , , , , ( ) 400 . .
(GAS COOKER) (MICROWAVE OVEN) (GAS COOKING TOP)
KOSA,
TKN,
SUS430J1, JSSA,
TSSDA,
(COOKWARE AND POTS) (INDUCTION COOKWARE)
BARBECUE
BARBECUE
WOK
EN 1.4016/430, windscreen and brazier, Ompagrill and Centro
Inox,
EN 1.4016/430 barbecue, USA
Groupe SEB ()
(DISHWASHERS) (PRESSURE COOKER) (PANS) (DISHWASHER)
(DISHWASHER)
430, Groupe SEB
430, POSCO,
430,
SUS430J1L, , , JSSA,
51
/
(ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES) (DISHWASHER) (MIXER) (MIXER) (ELECTRIC
RICE COOKER)
430 ( ), Haier,
EN 1.4513, TKN,
430
SUS430, , JSSA,
(EQUIPMENT) (ELECTRIC KETTLE) (SHELVES) (RUBBISH CONTAINER)
(PARTITION)
SUS430, , JSSA,
EN 1.4016/430, , Graepel and Centro Inox,
EN 1.4016/430, Graepel and Centro Inox,
430, POSCO,
(HOODS)LCD (LCD FRAME) (KITCHEN HOOD) (KITCHEN HOOD)
430,
410, POSCO,
430, Blanco, TKN,
430, Falmec, Nucleo Inox,
52
(KITCHENWARE) (LIQUID DISPENSER) (ELECTRIC KETTLE) (PASTA
COOKING POT)
(REFRIGERATORS)
/
/ (FRIDGE & FREEZER)
430
430, Groupe SEB
SUS430J1L ( ), JSSA,
430,
(SINKS)/ (FRIDGE & FREEZER)
430, , TKN,
430, Tramontina,
430 ( ), TKN,
430, LG ,
(TABLEWARE) (ASIAN SPOON)
SUS430, JSSA,
409, (Whirlpool),
430
400 , IKEA
53
400 . (DAM OUTLET PIPES) (FLOOD CONTROL GATES) (TANKS)
(FRACTIONATING COLUMN)
EN 1.4003/410, ,
EN 1.4003/410, ,
SUS430J1L, , JSSA,
410S,
(BURNERS) (CONVEYOR BELT) (BURNER) (BURNER)
(BOILERS)
410S,
EN 1.4509/441 ( )
SUS430, , JSSA,
EN 1.4521/444, KOSA,
HYDROBOIL (HYDROBOIL INSTANT BOILING WATER HEATER)
(BOILER)
EN 1.4521/444, ZIP industries and ASSDA,
444,
EN 1.4521/444,
SUS444, JSSA,
54
(FOOD PROCESSING) (WALLS & CEILINGS)
(HEAT EXCHANGERS) (MOISTURE SEPARATOR REHEATER WELDED TUBES)
, , 400 .
(FEEDWATER HEATER WELDED TUBES)
(CONDENSER WELDED TUBES)
445M2,
EN 1.4510/439, VALTIMET,
EN 1.4510/439, VALTIMET,
EN 1.4510/439, VALTIMET,
(SOLAR WATER HEATERS) (SOLAR WATER HEATER) (SOLAR WATER HEATER)
(SOLAR WATER HEATER)
(SUGAR INDUSTRY) (CONVEYOR SYSTEM)
SUS444, Suncue Company Ltd. and YUSCO,
EN 1.4509/441 (), Sun tank and SASSDA,
: ( ), Grades 441/444.
EN 1.4003/410, (18 )
(SLATE CARRIER)
(SCALDING JUICE HEATER COVER)
(HEAT EXHANGER TUBES)
(CRYSTALISER & DIFFUSER)
EN 1.4003/410, (22 )
EN 1.4003/410, (6 , () 400 ())
EN 1.4521/444, Nucleo Inox,
EN 1.4003/410,
55
(TANKS)
444, .
444, KOSA,
SUS444 , No.4 , JSSA,
SUS444 , No.4 , JSSA,
(MOTORCYCLE) (FERMENTATION AND STORAGE TANK) (FERMENTATION AND
STORAGE TANK)
444, Nucleo Inox, Sander Inox 7 400 .
444, Nucleo Inox,
EN 1.4512/409l, YUSCO,
EN 1.4509/441, Centro Inox, Vespa ET2 400 .
(DISC BRAKE ROTOR)
409L
409L, Acesita,
SUS410SM1, JSSA,
420 , EN 1.4113 ,
56
(TRANSPORTATION) (BUS & COACH BODY FRAME) (BUS & COACH
BODY FRAME) (BUS & COACH BODY FRAME) (CONTAINER)
EN 1.4003/410,
EN 1.4003/410, ,
EN 1.4003, , Solaris Bus & Coach Co.,
EN 1.4003/410, , POSCO,
(CONTAINER)
(COAL WAGON)
(COAL WAGON)
(COAL WAGON)
EN 1.4003/410, ,
EN 1.4003/410, , (20 )
EN 1.4003/410, , (15 )
EN 1.4003, SASSDA,
(COAL WAGON)
(COAL WAGON)
(COAL WAGON)
(TRAMWAY)
EN 1.4003/410, ,
409/410, , TISCO,
EN 1.4003, SASSDA,
EN 1.4003/410, ,
57
58
400 400 . 100 . 400 1900-1915 . . , , , 410, 420, 430, 442, 446,
440C . . , 400 . (1980 ) 10.5% () . , .
(Cr) . , , , . , .
400 5 .
Group 1
400 5 Group 2 14%-18% Group 3 14%-18%, Group 4 (Mo) Group 5
10%-14%
=
=
409, 410, 420 Cr : 10%-14%
430 Cr : 14%-18%
430Ti, 439, 441 Cr : 14%-18%, Ti, Nb,
434, 436, 444 Mo : 0.5%
Cr : 18%-30%,
59
:
- ASTM A 240 - 06C, 2006.11 - EN 10088-2, 2005.9 - JIS G 4305,
1991
GROUP 1AISI, ASTM 403(M) C () 0.15 0.12-0.17 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.08-0.15 0.08-0.15
0.15 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 410S(M) 0.08 0.08 0.16-0.25 0.16-0.25
0.26-0.40 0.26-0.35 0.36-0.42 0.43-0.50 Si () Mn () 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 P () 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.045 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 S () 0.03
0.015 0.03 0.015 0.015 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.015 0.015
0.015 0.03 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.03 0.03
0.015 0.03 0.015 0.015 0.015 Cr () 11.5-13.0 12.0-14.0 11.5-14.5
12.0-14.0 12.0-14.0 11.5-14.5 10.5-11.7 10.5-11.7 10.5-11.7
10.5-11.7 10.5-11.7 10.5-12.5 10.5-12.5 10.5-12.5 10.5-11.75
11.5-13.5 11.5-13.5 11.5-13.5 10.5-12.5 12.0-13.0 10.5-12.5
11.0-13.5 10.5-12.5 11.5-13.5 11.5-13.5 12.0-14.0 12.0-14.0
12.0-14.0 12.0-14.0 12.5-14.5 12.5-14.5 0.03 0.03 0.1 6x(C+N)-0.5
0.17 8x(C+N)-0.5 0.1 [0.08+8x(C+N)]-0.75 0.05-0.2 0.18-0.4
6x(C+N)-0.75 6x(C+N)-0.65 0.05-0.35 6xC-0.75 ( %) Mo () Ti () Nb ()
Cu () Al () N () Ni () JIS EN 0.1-0.3 0.1-0.3 0.1-0.3 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5-1.0 0.3-1.0 0.5 0.5-1.5 0.6
0.75 0.75 0.6 UNS EN EN JIS UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS UNS EN EN JIS UNS
EN JIS UNS UNS UNS JIS EN UNS JIS JIS EN JIS EN EN EN SUS403 1.4024
S40500 1.4000 1.4002 SUS405 S40910 S40920 S40930 S40945 S40975
S40977 1.4512 1.4516 SUH409L S41000 1.4006 SUS410 S41003 S41045
S41050 SUS410L 1.4003 S41008 SUS410S SUS420J1 1.4021 SUS420J2
1.4028 1.4031 1.4034
405
409L
10%-14%Cr
410(M)
410L
9(C+N)-0.6
1.5 0.5 0.6-1.10
0.3-1.0 0.6 0.6
420J1(M)
420J2(M)
GROUP 2AISI, ASTM 420 C () 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.25-0.4.0 0.12
0.08 0.12 0.08 0.6-0.75 Si () Mn () 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 0.75 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 P () 0.045 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 S () 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.015 0.03 Cr () 13.5-15.5 13.5-15.5 14.0-16.0
14.0-16.0 15.0-17.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0 16.0-18.0
16.0-18.0 0.75 ( %) Mo () 0.2-1.2 0.2-1.2 Ti () 0.3-0.5 0.3-0.5 Nb
() Cu () Al () N () Ni () 1.0-2.5 1.0-2.5 UNS EN UNS JIS JIS UNS EN
JIS EN JIS S42035 1.4589 S42900 SUS429 SUS429J1 S43000 1.4016
SUS430 1.4017 SUS440A
429
14%-18%Cr
429J1(M) 430
1.4017 440(M)
1.2-1.6
60
GROUP 3AISI, ASTM 430J1L 430LX 439 C () 0.025 0.03 0.03 0,05
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.025 0.02 430Ti 441 0.05 0.03 0.03 Si () Mn () 1.0
1.0 0.75 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 P () 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.4 0.04 0.04 S () 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.015 0.015
0.015 0.015 0.015 0.03 0.015 ( %) Cr () Mo () 16.0-20.0 16.0-19.0
17.0-19.0 16.0-18.0 17.0-19.0 17.5-18.5 16.0-17.5 16.0-18.0
13.0-15.0 16.0-18.0 17.5-18.5 17.5-18.5 Ti () Nb () 8x(C+N)-0.8
0.1-1.0 [0.2+4x(C+N)]-1.10 [0.15+4x(C+N)]-0.8 [0.2+4x(C+N)]-0.75
0.1-0.6 [0.3+(3xC)] 0.35-0.55 0.3-0.6 0.2-0.6 0.6 0.1-0.6 0.1-0.6
9xC+0.3-1 3xC+0.3-1 1.0 0.15 0.03 Cu () Al () N () 0.3-0.8 0.025 Ni
() JIS 0.6 0.5 JIS UNS EN UNS UNS EN EN EN EN UNS EN SUS430J1L
SUS430LX S43035 1.4510 S43932 S43940 1.4590 1.4520 1.4595 1.4511
S44100 1.4509
14%-18%Cr,
0.15
0.03
0.5
GROUP 4AISI, ASTM 415 434 C () 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.12
0.025 0.025 0.36-0.42 0.48-0.60 0.45-0.55 0.33-0.45 0.05 0.06 0.025
0.025 0.025 0.025 Si () Mn () 0.6 0.5-1.0 1.0 0.75 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 0.7-1.5 1.0 1.0 P () 0.03 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
0.04 0.04 S () 0.03 0.03 0.015 0.015 0.03 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.015
0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.03 0.03 0.015 0.03 ( %) Cr () Mo ()
11.5-14.0 0.5-1.0 16.0-18.0 0.75-1.25 16.0-18.0 0.9-1.4 16.0-18.0
0.8-1.4 16.0-18.0 0.75-1.25 16.0-18.0 0.75-1.25 16.0-18.0 0.9-1.4
16.0-19.0 0.75-1.25 13.0-14.5 13.0-15.0 14.0-15.0 15.5-17.5
12.0-14.0 15.0-17.0 17.0-20.0 17.5-19.5 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 0.6-1.0
0.5-0.8 0.5-0.8 0.8-1.3 0.3-0.7 0.8-1.5 0.4-0.8 1.75-2.5 1.8-2.5
1.75-2.5 8x(C+N)-0.8 0.2+4(C+N)-0.8 4x(C+N)+0.15-0.8 8x(C+N)-0.8
0.02 0.02 0.025 1.0 0.03 0.025 1.0 3.5-4.5 4.0-6.0 V0.15 0.1V0.2 Ti
() Nb () Cu () Al () N () Ni () 3.5-5.5 Other UNS UNS EN EN JIS UNS
EN JIS EN EN EN EN EN EN JIS UNS EN JIS S41500 S43400 1.4113 1.4526
SUS434 S43600 1.4513 SUS436L 1.4419 1.4110 1.4116 1.4122 1.4313
1.4418 SUS436J1L S44400 1.4521 SUS444
[7x(C+N)+0.1]-1.0
0.04
436
8x(C+N)-0.8 0.3-0.6 8x(C+N)-0.8
0.025 0.025
1.4419(M)
Mo
1.4110(M) 1.4116(M) 1.4122(M) 1.4313(M) 1.4418(M) 436J1L 444
GROUP 5AISI, ASTM 445 445J1 445J2 446 C () Si () Mn () 0.02 1.0
1.0 0.025 0.025 0.06 0.01 0.025 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.025 0.01 0.01
1.0 1.0 0.75 0.4 0.75 1.0 0.4 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.75 0.4
1.0 1.0 0.4 0.3 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.3 P () 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04
0.04 0.03 0.025 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.025 S () 0.012 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02
0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 Cr () Mo () 19.0-21.0
21.0-24.0 21.0-24.0 25.0-27.0 25.0-27.5 24.5-26.0 25.0-28.0
25.0-27.5 28.0-30.0 28.0-30.0 28.0-30.0 28.5-32.0 28.0-30.0 1.5-2.5
0.75-1.5 0.75-1.5 3.5-4.5 3.0-4.0 0.75-1.5 3.5-4.2 3.6-4.2 3.5-4.5
1.5-2.5 3.5-4.2 0.2-1.0 0.05-0.2 [0.2+4(C+N)]-0.80 6x(C+N)-1.0 0.2
0.2 ( %) Ti () Nb () 10x(C+N)-0.8 0.7-1.5 Cu () Al () N () 0.3-0.6
0.03 0.025 0.025 0.04 0.015 0.035 0.04 0.015 0.02 0.045 0.045 0.015
0.02 Ni () 0.6 UNS JIS JIS UNS UNS UNS UNS JIS (C+N) 0.025 UNS UNS
EN JIS UNS S44500 SUS445J1 SUS445J2 S44626 S44627 S44635 S44660
SUSXM27 S44700 S44735 1.4592 SUS447J1 S44800
0.5 3.5-4.5 1.0-3.5 0.5 0.15 1.0
447
0.15 6x(C+N)-1.0 [4x(C+N)+0.15]-0.8
448
0.15
2-2.5
(C+N) 0.025
61
400 .
62
. . () ASTM 1 EN10088-2 1E/1D Dull . , Dull . , Dull Roll 2D
Polished roll . No.1 2D . , BA () . 2B . 120~150 Mesh . Dull
Tampico brush . (bufng) , . .
2D
2D
2B
2B
(Bright Annealed) (Brushed, , dull polished) Satin polished
(matt) (Bright polished)
BA
2R
No. 4
1J/2J
No. 6
1K/2K
No. 8
1P/2P
-
-
.
( )
2D
2B
BA
no. 4
no.6
63
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65
ISSF Acciaierie Valbruna Acerinox S.A. Acesita S.A. Aichi Steel
Corporation Arcelor Mittal Baoshan Iron and Steel Co. (Stainless
Steel Branch) Cogne Acciai Speciali S.p.A. Columbus Stainless (Pty)
Ltd Daido Steel Co. Ltd. Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH Industeel JFE
Steel Corporation Jindal Stainless Ltd. JSC Dneprospetsstal Ningbo
Baoxin Stainless Steel Co., Ltd. Nippon Kinzoku Co., Ltd. Nippon
Metal Industry Co. Ltd. Nippon Steel and Sumikin Stainless Nippon
Yakin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. North American
Stainless Outokumpu Oyj Panchmahal Steel Limited (PSL) POSCO
Shanghai Krupp Stainless (SKS) SIJ - Slovenska industrija jekla
d.d./Slovenian Steel Group Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL)
Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co.
Ltd. (TISCO) Takasago Tekko K.K. Tang Eng Iron Works Co. Ltd.
Thainox Stainless Public Company Limited ThyssenKrupp Acciai
Speciali Terni S.p.A. ThyssenKrupp Mexinox S.A. de C.V.
ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH Australian Stainless Steel Development
Association (ASSDA) British Stainless Steel Association (BSSA)
Cedinox CENDI Centro Inox Edelstahl-Vereinigung e.V. Euro Inox
EUROFER Institut de Dveloppement de lInox (ID Inox)
Informationsstelle Edelstahl Rostfrei (ISER) Indian Stainless Steel
Development Association (ISSDA) Japan Stainless Steel Association
(JSSA) Jernkontoret Korea Iron and Steel Association (KOSA) New
Zealand Stainless Steels Development Association (NZSSDA) Nucleo
Inox Southern Africa Stainless Steel Development Association
(SASSDA) Special Steel and Alloys Consumers and Suppliers
Association (USSA) Specialty Steel Industry of North America
(SSINA) Stainless Steel Council of China Specialist Steel
Enterprises Association (CSSC) Swiss Inox Taiwan Steel and Iron
Industries Association (TSIIA) Thai Stainless Steel Development
Association (TSSDA) Union de Empresas Siderrgicas (UNESID) Ugine
& ALZ Ugitech S.A. Viraj Group Walsin Lihwa Corporation Yieh
United Steel Corporation (YUSCO) Zhangjiagang Pohang Stainless
Steel Co. Ltd. (ZPSS)
66
ISSF Friedriche Teroerde (ICDA) , Ferritic project Philippe
Richard (Arcelor Mittal Stainless, France) (Jacques Charles (Ugine
& Alz, ), Peirteh Huang (Yusco, ), Kwangyuk Kim (Posco, ),
Jochen Krautschick (ThyssenKrupp Nirosta, ), Juan Antonio Simon
(Acerinox, ) and Hideaki Yamashita (JFE, )) . , Benot Van Hecke
(Euro Inox, ), Paul Snelgrove, () . de blauwe peer ( ), MBCOM ( ),
Stevens Creative Printing ( Merelbeke) . ISSF POSCO KOSA
(www.kosa.org.kr) .Steel Corp. (YUSCO), ; p. 15 (br): Japan
Stainless Steel Association (JSSA), ; p. 16 (l): South Africa
Stainless Steel Development Association (SASSDA), ; p. 16 (r):
Acesita (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 17: Acesita (Arcelor Mittal
Group), ; p. 18 (l): Ugine & Alz (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p.
18 (tr): Mac Brothers Catering Equipment, ; p. 18 (br): Centro Inox
and ThyssenKrupp Acciai Speciali Terni S.p.A., ; p. 19: Acesita
(Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 20 (t): BSH Bosch und Siemens
Hausgerate Gmbh, ; p. 20 (b): Faurecia, Nanterre, ; p. 21 (l):
Valtimet, Boulogne-Billancourt, ; p. 21 (c): Ugine & Alz
(Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 21 (r): Acesita (Arcelor Mittal
Group), ; p. 22 (l): Sander Inox and Nucleo Inox, ; p. 22 (r):
Ompagrill and Centro Inox, ; p. 23: BSH Bosch und Siemens
Hausgerate Gmbh, ; p. 24 (tl & tr): Japan Stainless Steel
Association (JSSA), ; p. 24 (br): Columbus Stainless [Pty] Ltd, ;
p. 25 (l): (KOSA), ; p. 25 (tc): Ugine & Alz (Arcelor Mittal
Group), ; p. 25 (tr): Faurecia, ; p. 26 (t): Group SEB, ; p. 26
(b): LG , ; p. 27 (l): Columbus Stainless [Pty] Ltd, ; p. 27 (r):
Japan Stainless Steel Association (JSSA), ; p. 28 (l): BSH Bosch
und Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh, ; p. 28 (r): (KOSA), ; p. 29: Taiyuan
Iron & Steel (Group) Company Ltd. (TISCO), ; p. 30 (t): ISSF
China, ; p. 30 (b): Qingdao Haier International Trading Co. Ltd., ;
p. 31 (l): SunTank, Pretoria, ; p. 31 (r): Japan Stainless Steel
Association (JSSA), ; p. 32 (box): POSCO, ; p. 33 (all): Ugine
& Alz (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 34 (l): Centro Inox, ; p. 34
(tr): Faurecia, ; p. 34 (b): all 4 photos Ugine & Alz (Arcelor
Mittal Group), ; p. 35: Acesita (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 36
(t): ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH, ; p. 36 (b): Macadams Baking
Systems (Pty) Ltd, ; p. 37 (l): Faurecia, Nanterre, ; p. 37 (r): :
MBCOM (, ); p. 2-3: Ugine & Alz (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 4:
Columbus Stainless [Pty] Ltd, ; p. 5: Acesita (Arcelor Mittal
Group), ; p. 7: Lincat Limited, Lincoln, ; p. 8: ISSF China, ; p. 9
(tl): BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgerate Gmbh, Munich, ; p. 9 (bl):
Whirlpool Corporation, Cassinetta di Biandronno, ; p. 9 (r): Groupe
SEB, Rumilly, ; p. 10: Acesita (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 11
(tl): IKEA, Aelmhult, ; p. 11 (bl): Yiu Heng International Company
Limited, ; p. 11 (r): Takara Standard Corporation, ; p. 12 (t):
Acesita (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 12 (b): Tramontina, So Paulo,
; p. 13 (l): Lincat Limited, Lincoln, ; p. 13 (r): South Korea Iron
& Steel Association (KOSA), ; p. 14: POSCO, , ; p. 15 (l &
c): Ugine & Alz (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 15 (tr): Suncue
Company Ltd. and Yieh United Ugine & Alz (Arcelor Mittal
Group), ; p. 38 (l): Faurecia, ; p. 38 (r): Ugine & Alz
(Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 39 (l): SunTank, ; p. 39 (tr): Acesita
(Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 39 (br): Solaris Bus & Coach Co.,
; p. 40 (l): Brandt Edelstahldach GmbH, ; p. 40 (r): Ugine &
Alz (Arcelor Mittal Group), ; p. 41 (tr): Ugine & Alz (Arcelor
Mittal Group), ; p. 41 (br): ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH, ; p. 42
(tl): Willem de Roover, ; p. 42 (bl): Faurecia, ; p. 42 (tr):
Centro Inox, ; p. 42 (br): Ugine & Alz (Arcelor Mittal Group),
; p. 43: , ; p. 44 (t): Groupe SEB, ; p. 44 (b): Lincat Limited, ;
p. 58: ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH, ; p. 62: Valtimet, -; p. 63:
POSCO, .
PHOTO CREDITS , , ISSF .
(DISCLAIMER) , . ISSF , ISSF , , (, , ) , , , .
67: 2007 4 - COPYRIGHT - ISBN 2-930069-51-1
International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) Rue Colonel Bourg 120
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