isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hhnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s7tim174.pdf · 2016-11-02 · uÜgulg .ekS u i|yd Woõ jk " myiql ï i,ik .= re N+ñ ldjg ls ish ï m% fõYhl a i|yd k¾udKh jk .re ud¾f.dmfoY

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cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

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vii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mrsYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia

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7 fY%aKsh^2016 isg l%shd;aul flf¾&

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wkd.; f,dalfha wNsfhda. ch.ekSug iu;a ore mrmqrla rgg odhdo lsÍfï ld¾h Ndrfha jeä j.lSu ysñjkafka wOHdmkhg h' YS>%fhka

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udOH NdIdj fõ' isxy, NdIdj we;=`M j wfkl=;a úIh yeoEÍu i|yd isxy, NdIdj ms<sn| ksjerÈ oekqu w;HjYH h' NdIdfõ p;=¾úO l=i,;d j¾Okh

lr .ekSfuka úIh idOk uÜgu by< ;,hlg kxjd,sh yels h' ish¨ úIhkays idOk uÜgu j¾Okh i|yd NdId oekqu wjYH fyhska isxy, NdIdj

ms<sn| l=i,;d ixj¾Okh lsÍu ujqni isxy, úIhfha j.lSula f,i y÷kd f.k we;'

isxy, NdIdj ishjia .Kkdjla ;siafia úldYkh jQ NdIdjls' ta ksid u tys úúO jdlH Í;s fuka u NdId jHjydr o olakg ,efí' tajd wOHhkh

lsÍfuka NdId udul;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= lsÍug fhduq jkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' isxy, idys;Hh" isxy, NdId úIh iu. taldnoaO jQ úIh

fldgils' ohdj" lreKdj wdos udkj .=KO¾uj,ska fyì iqLkuH ukilska yd iunr fm!reIhlska hq;= ixfõ§ ore mrmqrla ìys lsÍu i|yd;a idys;H

fiajkh w;HjYH idOlhls'

kj úIh ks¾foaYh ilia lsÍu i|yd oekg l%shd;aul úIh ks¾foaYh mdol lr f.k we;' ta wkqj kj úIh ks¾foaYh o ksmqK;d mdol j bÈßm;a

flf¾' fuu úIh ks¾foaYh ilia lsÍfï § wdpd¾h cekÜ frfkda,aâia uy;añhf.a iy wdpd¾h fikr;a kdkdhlaldr uy;df.a Y%S ,xldfõ 6 - 9 fY%aKs

i|yd úIh m%ñ;s rduqj (Standards for grade 6 - 9 subjects in Sri Lankan Schools. Authors - Dr. Janet Reynolds and Dr. Senarath Nanayakkara) kue;s

f,aLkfha we;eï wx. WÑ; mßÈ fhdod f.k we;'

xiii

xiv

cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKqq

mqoa.,hdg yd iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <`.d ùu iòyd mqoa.,hkag iy lKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;shg iydh úh hq;= h'

jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su iòyd wruqKq kshu lrkq ,eîh' iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHqyhka yd l%shdj,sh ;=< oelsh yels ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrKSh udkj ixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkfhka <``.dlr .;hq;= my; oelafjk wruqKq imqrd .ekSu wOHdmk moaO;sh iòyd jQ ;u bÈß oelau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska m%;HlaI fldg f.k

we;'

I udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sltaldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsrSfuka cd;sh f.dv .ekSu iy Y%S ,dxlSh wkkH;dj;yjqre lsÍu'

II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye`.s odhdo y`ÿkd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu'

III udkj whs;sjdislï .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<snò oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u ne`§ulska hq;= j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk.=Kdx. m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;ka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udK lsÍu iymj;ajd f.k hdug iydh ùu'

IV mqoa.,hkaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm; iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

V iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla iòyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=`M fjk;a Okd;aulwx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj.=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh iòyd odhl jk M,odhs ld¾hhka iòyd wOHdmkh u.skaa udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

VII YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiaùug yd tajd md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iqodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾Kyd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu'

VIII cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh iudk;ajh iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am

xv

uQ,sl ksmqK;d

wOHdmkh u.ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; iòyka cd;sl wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug odhl jkq we;

(I) ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<snò oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj hk wkqldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï lr.kS'

idlaIr;dj : idjOdk j weyqïlka §u meyeÈ,s j l:d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu iòyd lsshùu" ksjer§ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu" M,odhs whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu

ixLHd ms<snò oekqu : NdKav" wjldYh yd ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï iòyd l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h

rEml Ndú;h : f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K .<mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj : mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o fiajd mßY%hla ;=< § o fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.s lr .ekSu

(II) fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d

- ksßudKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;Ska" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh"lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r inò;d" kj fidhd .ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d

- Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isáfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu" jeks w.hka- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh

(III) mßirhg wod< ksmqK;dfuu ksmqK;d idudðl ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhg wod< fõ'

iudc mßirh : cd;sl Wreuh ms<snò wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl iudðlhka ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK hqla;sh ms<snò ye`.Su" iudc iïnkaO;d" fm!oa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl iïm%odhka"

whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne`§ï

ffcj mßirh : iÔj f,dalhl" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r" uqyqÿ c,h" jd;h iy cSjh - Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksiaÔú;hg iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõoS nj yd l=i,;d'

fN!;sl mßirh : wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia ðú;hg tjdfha we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we`ÿï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iqjmyiqj" Yajikh" kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u,my lsÍu hkdÈh yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõÈ;djyd l=i,;dj

bf.kSu" jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu iòyd fuj,ï iy ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.=fõ'

(IV) jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu';u jD;a;Sh <eÈhd iy wNsfhda.H;d y`ÿkd .ekSu'yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iyjdisodhl yd ;sridr Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu"hk yelshd Wmß u lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d'

(V) wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisßï rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thgiß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu iòyd w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh'

(VI) l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdj u.ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g"wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;aoelSï'

(VII) "bf.kSug bf.kqu" ms<snò ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk ixls¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j

yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a iòyd mqoa.,hkag Yla;sh ,nd §u'

xvi

ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo

isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hh - 7 fY%aKsh - úIh ks¾foaYh

² ft;sydisl l;djlg ijka §m%;spdr oelaùu'- je,súg irKxlr ysñ^Y%jK udOHhg .e<fmk f,iilia l< úia;rhla&

² mqoa.,hka w;r isÿ jk l;dny

- mdi,a mßirfha mú;%;dj /l .ekSu iïnkaO j mdif,a § isÿ jk l;dnyla

² ckl;djla

² .=jkaúÿ,s úÑ;%dx. jevigykaa- ;=kam;a rgd ^fÊ' î' Èidkdhl&

1'1 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka §m%;spdr olajhs'

1'2 ijka § m%;spdr oelaùfï §wdpdrYS,S nj yd ixhuhm%o¾Ykh lrhs'

1'3 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka §ri ú¢hs'

1'4 idjOdk j ijka § f;dr;=re/ia lrhs'

² ijka §fï jeo.;alu y÷kd f.kúia;r lrhs'

² ijka § .%yKh lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;alrhs'

² M,odhS Y%jKh i|yd wjOdkfhkayd wjfndaOfhka ijka §u w;HjYHnj m%ldY lrhs'

² mqoa., úúO;ajh wkqj NdIdj Ndú;lrhs'

² mqoa., úúO;ajh yd wjia:dj wkqjm%;spdr olajhs'

² ixhufhka hq;= j ijka § m%;spdrolajhs'

² ckl;djg wjOdkfhka hq;= jijka § m%;spdr olajhs'

² ck l;dfjys rij;a isoaê u;lfhkabÈßm;a lrhs'

² ck l;dj, iajNdjh yd miqìuúia;r lrhs'

² idjOdk j ijka § jeo.;a f;dr;=reigyka lr .kshs'

² igyka lr.;a f;dr;=re wjia:dkql+,j bÈßm;a lrhs'

² .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl wka;¾.;hw.h lrhs'

² /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re wjiaf:daÑ; jNdú; lrhs'

04

04

04

04

1'0ikaksfõokh id¾:llr .ekSu i|yd Y%jKyd l:k l=i,;dM,odhs f,i fhdod.kshs'

xviii



² ksfõok- mdif,a tÈfkod isÿ flfrk ksfõok

² ud;Dldkql+, l;d ^l%shdldrlï&

² mqj;a m;a jd¾;djla² YífodaaÉpdrKh j¾Okh i|yd

l%shdldrlï- ilialv- Yaf,dal

² ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh - mkaish mkia cd;l fmd;

2'0Ôjk w;aoelSï mq`M,a lr.ekSu i|yd lshùfïmqreÿ w¾:j;a j fhdod.kshs'

1'5 ksrjq,a j yd ksjeros f,i niyiqrejñka y`v md,kfhkahq;= j l;d lrhs'

2'1ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka yd y`vmd,kfhka hq;= j Yío k.dlshjhs'

2'2úúO ffY,sfhka rÑ; fmd;m; lshjhs'

² ksjerÈ j ni yiqrejñka l;d lrhs'² wkHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ

y`v md,kfh;a hq;= j l;d lrhs'² ksrjq,a j yd meyeÈ,s j ;u woyia

m%ldY lrhs'² ixhufhka hq;= j l;d lrhs'² ud;Dldjg wod< j l;d lrhs'

² ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;= j lshjhs'² ksjerÈ y`v md,kfhka hq;= j lshjhs'² wjfndaOfhka hq;= j Yío k.d lshjhs'² úrdu ,l=Kqj,g wjk; j lshjhs'² ukd fõ.hla mj;ajd .ksñka lshjhs'

² Y%djlhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈlshjhs'

² cd;l l;djl iajNdjh y÷kd f.km%ldY lrhs'

² ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;alrhs'

² ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfhka .; yelsÔú;do¾Y m%ldY lrhs'

04

04

05

xix



² " mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq"- mqia;ld,h iy tys Ndú;h weiqßka

² isxy, wlaIrud,dj ksjerÈ j ,sùu'² wlaIr ud,dj j¾. lsÍu'

- iajr- jH[aPk

² k " K " , " < " Y " I " i ksjerÈ jNdú;h'

² i[a[l wlaIr ksjerÈ j jpkj,fh§u'

² w,amm%dK" uydm%dK ksjerÈ j Ndú;h'

2'3 ksYaYío j lshjd wjfndaO-lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

3'1 isxy, wlaIrud,dj y÷kdf.k úúO m%fNao hgf;aj¾. lrhs'

3'2 ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdifhkahq;= j ,shhs'

3'0isxy, wlaIr ud,djy÷kd f.k f,aLkfha§ ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'

² w¾:djfndaOfhka hq;= j fmd; m;lshjhs'

² lshjd wjfndaO lr .;a lreKqbÈßm;a lrhs'

² lshùfuka ,;a oekqu wjiaf:daÑ; jNdú; lrhs'

² wlaIrud,dj y÷kd f.k ksjerÈ jwkqms<sfj<ska bÈßm;a lrhs'

² wlaIrud,dj iajr" jHx[ackjYfhka j¾. lr olajhs'

² wlaIrud,dj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfïjeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'

² f,aLkfha § wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú;lrhs'

² ,sùfï § ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdihNdú;fha wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² k " K " , " < " Y " I " i wl=reksjerÈ j fhdohs'

² i[a[l wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú;lrhs'

² w,amm%dK iy Bg wod< uydm%dKwlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'

² ,sms f,aLkj, wlaIr úkHdihksjerÈ lrhs'

04

08

07

xx



² úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍu'- flá br" we, br" fo;s;' ^l%shdldrlï&

² jpkhl uq,ska fhfok Wmi¾. ydw.ska fhfok m%;H" jpkhg tla lr,sùu'

² iudkd¾: mo² úreoaOd¾: mo² úfYaIK mo² ;ks mo

4'1úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú;lrñka ,shhs'

4'2mo fn§fï iïu; Í;sss wkq.ukhlrñka ,shhs'

5'1jdlafldaISh oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

4'0Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú;lrñka ksjerÈ j f,aLkld¾hfha fhfohs'

5'0NdIduh ld¾hfh a §jdl afld aIh" NdIdiïm %odh yd NdIdjHjydr ms<sn| oekqum%o¾Ykh lrhs'

² úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j kï lrhs'² úrdu ,l=Kq fhdoñka f,aLkfha

fhfohs'² úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï

jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² w¾:j;a j mo fnod ,sùfï jeo.;alumeyeÈ,s lrhs'

² Wmi¾." jpkj, uq,g tlafldg,shhs'

² m%;H" jpkj, w.g tlafldg ,shhs'

² úúO mo j¾. y÷kd f.k m%ldYlrhs'

² úúO mo j¾.j, iajNdjh úia;rlrhs'

² f,aLkfha § úúO mo w¾:j;a jNdú; lrhs'

04

04

05

xxi



² rEÎ ̂ b`.s jels&² m%ia;dj msre`M

^l%shdldrlï&

² lDIs l¾udka;h wdY% s; NdIdjHjydr'- ù f.dú;ek

² jpk fNaoh² mqreI fNaoh² ,sx. fNaoh² Wla; wkqlal fNaoh

^l%shdldrlï&

6'0iïu; NdId Í;swkq.ukh lrñka f,aLkld¾hfha fhfohs'

5'2idïm%odhsl fhÿï NdIduhld¾hfha § WÑ; mßÈ Ndú; lrhs'

5'3NdId jHjydrfha úúO;dy÷kd f.k NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'

6'1kdumo yd tys m%fNao ms<snowjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLkfhafhfohs'

² idïm%odhsl fhÿï úfYaIhlajYfhka rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre`M y÷kdf.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

² NdIdj fmdaIKh i|yd idïm%odhslfhÿïj, jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'

² rEÎ yd m%ia;d msre`M Ndú; lrñkawoyia úÑ;%j;a j bÈßm;a lrhs'

² lDIs l¾udka;h yd ne÷Kq NdIdjHjydrfha úúO;d y÷kd f.kmeyeÈ,s lrhs'

² ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq NdId jHjydry÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

² ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jpk w¾:j;a jNdú; lrhs'

² Wla; kdu mo yd wkqla; kdu moksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs'

² kdu moj, Wla; yd wkqla; fNaohy÷kd f.k jdlHj, fhfohs'

² f,aLkfha § Wla; yd wkqla; kdumo ksjerÈ j fhÈh hq;= nj ms<s.kshs'

06

08

05

xxii



² mQ¾j l%shd² ñY% l%shd

² Wla;h " l¾uh " wdLHd;h .ekie,ls,su;a fjñka ld, fNaoh wkqjjdlH ,sùu

² rdcldß ,sms² fm!oa.,sl ,sms ̂ l%shdldrlï&

6'2l%shd mo iy tys m%fNao ms<sn|wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLkld¾hfha fhfohs'

6'3iïu; Í;sj,g wkq.; j jdlH,shhs'

7'1f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd ,sms,shhs'

² l%shd mo j¾. lr olajhs'² mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki

meyeÈ,s lrhs'² f,aLkfha § ñY% l%shd mo ksjerÈ j

Ndú; lrhs'² f,aLkfha § mQ¾j l%shd mo ksjerÈ j

Ndú; lrhs'

² jdlHhl uQ,sldx. y÷kd f.kbÈßm;a lrhs'

² Wla;h " l¾uh yd wdLHd;h flfrysie,ls,su;a fjñka jdlH ,shhs'

² ld, fNaoh flfrys ie,ls,su;afjñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'

² rdcldß ,smshl we;=<;a uQ,sldx. kïlrhs'

² f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd ,sms,sùfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'

² ,sms ,sùfï § Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú;lrhs'

² fhda.H wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka ,sms,shhs'

7'0NdIdj ksrjq,a j ydksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñkaf,aLkfha fhfohs'

08

06

06

xxiii



² wdrdOkd m;%

² ud;Dldkql+, rpkd^úúO o;a; yd w;aoelSï mokï lr.ksñka rpkd ,sùu&

7'2 m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd f,aLk ilia lrhs'

8'1lreKq ixúOdkh lr .ksñkaud;Dldkql+, j rpkd ,shhs'

² m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd Ndú; lrkf,aLk kï lrhs'

² iqÿiq wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka wdrdOkdm;% ks¾udKh lrhs'

² wruqKqj,g .e<fmk f,i wdrdOkdm;% ks¾udKh lrhs'

² wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKfha § Ys,amShm%fhda. Ndú; lrhs'

² ksjerÈ j rpkd iels,a,la ilia lrhs'² ks¾udKd;aul j rpkd f.dvk.hs'² ud;Dldjg wod< idrj;a lreKq

bÈßm;a lrñka rpkd ,shhs'² rpkd ,sùfï § NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú;

lrhs'² rpkd ,sùfï § Ys,amSh m%fhda.

wkq.ukh lrhs'

05

8'0NdIdj ksrjq,a j ydksjerÈ j Ndú;lrñka ks¾udKd;aulf,aLkfha fhfohs' 05

xxiv



² ì;a;s mqj;a m;a ,sms² i`.rd ,sms² mqj;am;a ,sms

^l%shdldrlï&

² Y%S mdoh îuk, wvúh& ms<sn| .oH úia;rhla

8'2mdGlhd wdl¾IKh jk mßÈwoyia bÈßm;a lrñkaks¾udKd;aul j ,shhs'

9'1ixialD;sl Wreuh yd yr moaO;sms<sn| j wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSui|yd ,sms f,aLk mßYS,kh lrhs'

² ì;a;s mqj;am;a iy i`.rd i|ydks¾udK;aul ,sms ,shhs'

² mdGlhd wdl¾IKh lr .; yels jkmßÈ NdIdj yiqrejhs'

² ixialD;sl Wreuh hkq l=ulaoehsmeyeÈ,s lrhs'

² ixialD;sl Wreuh .ek ,sheù we;s,sms f,aLk lshjhs'

² ixialD;sh yd yr moaO;s w.h lrñkawoyia olajhs'

² Y%S mdoh .ek ,sheù we;s úúO ks¾udKlshjhs'

² Y%S mdoh ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd

9'0ixialD;sh ydidrO¾u y÷kd.ksñka iyÔjkh ydcd;sldNsudkhf.dvk.d .ekSui|yd NdIdj Ndú;lrhs'

05

05

xxv



9'2fmd; m; mßYS,kfhka idrO¾uj¾Okh lr .kshs'

9'3foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk idys;Hks¾udK weiqre lrhs'

9'4úúO ck fldgiaj,g wh;a isß;aúß;a y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ,smsf,aLk weiqre lrhs'

² f,dafldamldrh ̂ f;dard.;a lú 4 la&² ;srelal=r,a ^l<.=K ;elSu - lú

4 la&

² foaYdNsudkS .S- ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkajQ ,xld

^kkaod ud,kS&

² Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj

² WmfoaY .%ka:j,ska ksrEms; idrO¾uy÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

² idrO¾u w¾:l:kh lrhs'² m %dfhd a. sl Ôú;hg idrO¾u

Wmfhda. jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'² WmfoaY .%ka:j, we;=<;a idrO¾u

wkq.ukh lrhs'

² foaYdNsudkS ye.Sï okjk moHks¾udK y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

² foaYdNsudkS .S;fhka èjks; jkwoyia w.h lrhs'

² .S;fha foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjkwjia:d Wmqgd olajhs'

² " ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmka jQ ,xld".S;h ms<sn| ridiajdohla bÈßm;alrhs'

² úúO ck fldgia w;ßka wysl=KaÀlck;djf.a úfYaI;ajh y÷kd f.km%ldY lrhs'

² wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a isß;a úß;ams<sn| ,shejqKq ,ssms f,aLk lshjhs'

² wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a úúO isß;aúß;a y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

² wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=retla/ia lrhs'

² wysl=KaÀl ck;dj i;= hy isß;aw.h lrhs'

06

04

04

xxvi



² tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß; l;djlshjhs'

² tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a Ôjkf;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

² tâuka m Sßi a ro. =re; =udf.kaiudchg isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs'

² tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß;fhka.; yels wdo¾Y bÈßm;aa lrhs'

² B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| ,shejqKq,sms f,aLk lshjhs'

² wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;alrhs'

² od¾Ykslhl= jYfhkawÈldrï;=udf.ka isÿ jQ fiajhw.h lrhs'

² merKs f,day ;dlaIKh .ek ,shejqKq,sms f,aLk lshjhs'

² ,xldfõ merKs f,day ;dlaIKhms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

² w;S; Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a f,day;dlaIKsl oekqu w.h lrhs'

² f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| jdla fldaIhwjia:dkql+, j fhdod .kshs'

9'5úúO kdhlhkaf.a pß; l;dmßYS,kh lrhs'

10'1idys;ahsl yd od¾Yksl f;dr;=rewe;=<;a ,sms f,aLk weiqre lrhs'

10'2úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKslf;dr;=re we;=<;a fmd;m;mßYS,kfhka ,nd .;a oekquNdId ld¾h i|yd fhdod .kshs'

² lf;da,sl wd.ñl kdhlfhla- tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=ud

² B' ví' wÈldrï;=udf.a o¾Ykh

² mqrdK ,xldfõ f,day ;dlaIKh

10'0idys;ahsl" od¾Yksl"úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKslf;dr;=re we; =<;aks¾udK mßYS,kfhka,nd.;a oekqu úúO NdIdld¾hhka i|yd fhdod.kshs'

04

04

04

xxvii



² cklúj, iajNdjh y÷kd f.kúia;r lrhs'

² cklúj,ska m%lg jk udkj w;aoelSïbiau;= lr olajhs'

² cklú ridiajdofha fhfohs'

² ks¾ÈIag lú fm< .dhkd lrhs'² lú fmf<ka èjks; jk woyia yd

ye`.Sï úia;r lrhs'² lú fmf<ys .eí jQ idys;Huh ,laIK

idlÉPd lrhs'² lú fm< riúkaokfha fhfohs'

² úúO ldjH ks¾udKj,g mokï jQw;aoelSï y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

² ldjH ks¾udKfha § fhdod f.k we;sldjH Wml%u y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs'

² úúO wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka lúks¾udKh lrhs'

11'1idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kfhkay÷kd .;a udkj w;aoelSï m%ldYlrhs

11'2idys;H ks¾udK ridiajdofhafhfohs'

12'1moH rpkd ks¾udKh lrhs'

² ck lú- f;dard.;a ck lú 8 la ̂ isxy, ck lú ix.%yh - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

² kQ;k lú fm<la"is,s,dfrl fy,aue<s" - Y%S pkaør;akudkjisxy

² ir, moH ks¾udKh lsÍu'^l%shdldrlï&

11'0ri{;d j¾Okh i|ydidys;H ks¾udKmßYS,kh lrhs'

04

04

12'0 w;aoelSï mdol lr .ksñka ks¾udK ld¾hfha fhfohs' 04

xxviii



² w;aoelSï yd mßl,amkh mokï lrf.k m%nkaOhl iels,a,la f.dvk.hs'

² WÑ; pß; f;dard .ekSfï yelshdjm%o¾Ykh lrhs'

² m %nkaOlrKfh a § NdIdjks¾udKd;aul j Ndú; lrhs'

² m%nkaO ks¾udKh lrhs'

² kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d iys; l;djia;=jla f;dard .kshs'

² f;dard .;a l;d jia;=fõ kdfgHdaÑ;wjia:d fm<.iajhs'

² kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla i|yd foniarpkd lrhs'

12'2ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaOlrKfhafhfohs'

12'3kdgH msgm;a rpkfha fhfohs'

² ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaO rpkh ̂ wdo¾Yks¾udK weiqfrka&- "fmd,a ,o ieá" ^m%nkaO ix.%yh&

- l=udr;=x. uqksodi

² ;ud ÿgq isoaêhla weiqfrka foniarpkh lsÍu'- fidau,;d iqnisxyf.a

zf;dmams fjf<kaodZ kdgH fm<weiqfrka ilia l< mdvula

04

04

xxix

1

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia

2

01' f.dú ìßhf.a kqjK

ksmqK;dj ( 1'0 ikaksfõokh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd Y%jK yd l:k l=i,;dM,odhs f,i fhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'3 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka § ri ú¢hs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

ckl;djg wjOdkfhka hq;= j ijka § m%;spdr olajhs' ckl;dfjys rij;a isoaê u;lfhka bÈßm;a lrhs' ckl;dj, iajNdjh yd miqìu úia;r lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia (

ckl;dj, iajNdjh yd miqìu ms<sn| ye¢kaùula lrkak' ckl;d ck m%jdo f,i láka lg mej; f.k wd idys;Hdx.hla nj fmkajd

fokak' ckl;d ijka §u u.ska o ri ú¢h yels idys;Hdx.hla nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' ckl;d weiSfï § ckl;dj lshk wh yd wik wh w;r iïnkaO;djla f.dv

k.d .kakd nj fmkajd fokak' tjeks wjia:dj, § l;dj mjikakdg l;dj wid f.k isákakkaf.a wjOdkh

fhduq lr .ekSu i|yd wkq.ukh l< yels foa idlÉPd lrkak' m%Yak weiSuuqyqKska ye`.Sï m%ldY jk wdldrfhka l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍul;dj bÈßm;a lsÍfï § wx. p,kh Ndú;h

tfuka u l;dj wikakkaf.ka o wik l;dj mss<sn| j m%;spdr újOdldrfhkabÈßm;a úh yels nj fmkajd fokak'

fYdalh" ìh" i;=g" mqÿuh" wdÈh wNskh u.ska bÈßm;a úh yels nj;a" tuwNskhka ijka § olajk m%;spdr jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels nj;a fmkajd fokak'

Bg wu;r j jdÑl m%;spdr o bÈßm;a l< yels nj fmkajd fokak' ks¾ÈIag ckl;djg ijka §ug wjia:dj i,ikak' ijka ÿka miq m%Yak k.ñka m%;spdr ,nd .kak' fujeks fjk;a ckl;d fidhd f.k bÈßm;a lsÍug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd

fokak'

uQ,sl joka$ ixl,am (

ckl;d - fmdÿ ck;dj w;r nyq, jYfhka uqL mrïmrd.; j mj;akd l:dka;rîsxy, YíofldaIh 9 ldKavh&

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

k.=,a uqkakd iy ;j;a l;d - ta' mS' .=Kr;ak u. È.g ckl;d ^1 yd 2& - ã' mS' úl%uisxy

3

we.hSu ;lafiarelrKh ( ckl;djg ijka § m%;spdr olajhs' ckl;dj,ska biau;= jk wdo¾Y w.h lrñka l;d lrhs' ckl;d tl;=jla ilia lrhs' idjOdk j ijka §fï l=i,;dj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

weuqKqu 1my; i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'

1' ckl;djla mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tu.ska biau;= jk wdo¾Y fmkajd fokak'2' wdo¾Yj;a ckl;d tl;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak'

4

02' m%ia;dj msre¿ yd b`.s jels

ksmqK;dj ( 5'0 NdIduh ld¾hfha § jdlafldaIh" NdId iïm%odh yd NdId jHjydrms<sn| oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'2 idïm%odhsl fhÿï NdIduh ld¾hfha § WÑ; mßÈ Ndú; lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

idïm%odhsl fhÿï úfYaIhla jYfhka rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ y÷kd f.k bÈßm;alrhs'

NdIdj fmdaIKh i|yd idïm%odhsl fhÿïj, jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs' rEÐ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ Ndú; lrñka woyia úÑ;%j;a j bÈßm;a lrhs'


m%ia;dj msre`M f.dvke.S we;af;a ckl;d ck m%jdo fyda úúO isoaê fyda mokïlrf.k nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

jHla; f,i woyia m%ldYkfha § tjeks lshuka fhdod .; yels nj meyeÈ,slrkak'

woyia rij;a j yd w¾:j;a j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd rEÎ yd m%ia;dj msre¿ fhdod .;yels nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

m%ia;dj msre`M f.dvke.S we;s wdldr ms<sn| my; i|yka lreKq weiqfrka idlÉPdlrkak'

ckl;d weiqfrka f.dv ke.=Kq m%ia;dj msre`M mqyq,a fydrd lfrka oefka lels,af,a rÊcqrejkaf.a kvq ;Skaÿj jf.a .`.g bks lemqjd jf.a',ífí lxldßh jf.a'

ck m%jdo weiqfrka mek ke.S we;s m%ia;dj msre`M

rhs.uhhs .ïfmd<hhs jf.a mrx.shd fldaÜfg .shd jf.a

úúO isoaê weiqfrka mek ke.S we;s m%ia;dj msre`M,ín fmdf<dfõ .eyqjd jf.a boao .eyqjd jf.a fjä ldmq W!rd jf.a

rEÎ ̂ b`.s jels& lsysmhla bÈßm;a lr tajd NdIdfõ fhfok wdldrh ms<sn| YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

Wod (uqyqfKa oe,s .EjqKd lr, meyqKd

5

bfya u,la msmqKd ,E,a,g mE.=jd yska odäh oeïud fldg Wv .shd

uQ,sl joka$ixl,am (

m%ia;dj msre¿ - w;a±lSï iïNdrhla leá l< flá fhÿï'^.=Kfiak uyd isxy, YíofldaIh - yßiapkaø úch;=x.&

rEÎ - wuq;=fjka wdfrdamKh l< w¾:h rEÎ h hs'

^.=Kfiak uyd isxy, YíofldaIh - yßiapkaø úch;=x.&

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

msre`M ñKs" - mS' weia' O¾unkaÿ .=Kfiak uyd isxy, YíofldaIh - yßiapkaø úch;=x.

we.hSu ;lafiarelrKh (

m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs' ks¾udKd;aul f,aLkfha § m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ Ndú; lrhs' m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ tla /ia lrhs'

weuqKqu 1wNHdi my; ±lafjk m%ia;dj msre`Mj,ska m%ldY jk woyia bÈßm;a lrkak' l`Mjd udrmk .shd jdf.hs' lmkak neß w; bôkjd jdf.hs' f,v lmqfgda je, lkjd jdf.hs' wnrd is,a .;a;d jdf.hs'

my; i|yka rEÎj,ska m<jk wre;a meyeÈ,s lrkak' wkqkaf.a mdfkka t<sh n,kjd w`vfnr .ykjd wkQkjfhka fíreKd W.=rg fydrd fí;a lkjd ;re fmkqKd

m%ia;dj msre`M yd rEÎ tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla ilia lrkak'

6

03' irKxlr i`.rc f;rKqfjda


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'1 idys;H ks¾udKj,g ijka § m%;spdr olajhs

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

ijka §fï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq úia;r lrhs' ijka § .%yKh lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs' wjOdkfhka yd wjfndaOfhka ijka §fï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs' ijka ÿka l;dfjka .; yels Ôú;do¾Y úia;r lrhs'


my; i|yka lreKq wjOdrKh lrñka ijka §u ms<sn| idlÉPdjl ksr;jkak' ijka §fï § wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= lreKq ( wjOdkh wjfndaOh ixhuh

ijka § lreKq u;l ;nd .; yels l%u flá igyka ;nd .ekSu ijka ÿka lreKq kej; wdj¾ckh lsÍu

weuqKqfuys i|yka l;d mqj; ^ksy;udkS ix>rdc f;rKqfjda& iqÿiq l%ufõohlau.ska YsIHhkag fojrla ijka §ug i,iajkak'

mdvug ijka ÿka miq my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re YsIHhkaf.ka ,nd .kak'îjka §ug fmr tajd mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'&

1' irKxlr ysñhka Wmka j¾Ih2' irKxlr ysñhka Wmka ia:dkh3' irKxlr ysñhkag md,s NdIdj b.ekajQ .=rejre fofokd4' irKxlr ysñhka úiska ,shk ,o .%ka: folla5' irKxlr ysñhka msKavmd;sl irKxlr ysñ kñka ye¢kaùug fya;=j6' irKxlr ysñhkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka f.dvk.k ,o msßfjka folla7' irKxlr ysñhkaf.a iufha ,laÈjg Wmiïmodj f.k wd rg8' ,laÈj m%:u iÕrc moúh ,enqKq nj ±k .;a miq irKxlr ysñhka uq,ska

u l< foa

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( irKxlr ysñhka ms<snò fmd; m;

.=reNj;df.a w;sf¾l mßYS,kh iòyd -irKxlr ix>rdc iuh - fldg.u jdÑiair ysñ

7

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh (

ixhufhka yd wjOdkfhka hq;= j ijka § m%;spdr olajhs' ijka foñka igyka ;nd .kS' wik ,o m%Yakj,g ksjerÈ ms<s;=re ,nd fohs' ijka § .%yKh lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

weuqKqu 1 (

ksy;udkS ix>rdc f;rKqfjda

uOHu m<df;a" Wvrg je,súg ;=ïmfka kue;s f.fuys" l%s' j' 1698 j¾Ifha § l=,;=x. nKavdrkñka l=, l=urefjla Wm; ,eî h' fya l=vd l, isg u mskajka; h' is,aj;a h' ieoeyej;a h' ks;smkais,a" fmdfydh wgis,a /lafla h' l=vd wjÈfha isg u m< l< fï ,laIK ksid fidf<diajkúfha § u" iQßhf.dv úydrfha § irKxlr kñka mejeÈ nj ,eîug ;rï fï l=urd jdikdjka;úh'

irKxlr ysñ jev úiQ fixlv.,mqr iuh ,la b;sydifha yeu w;ska u msßyqK ld, jljdkqjlaúh' furg md,kh lf<daa hqfrdamd cd;Syq h' ,la jeishdg úúO ;¾ck t,a, úKs' mkai,a msßysKs'NslaIQyq úr, jQy' fï w÷re iuhg wdf,dalhla ,nd §ug iu;a tlu hq. mqreIhdKka jQfha"je,súg irKxlr ysñhka hehs lSu i;Hhls'

idufKar wjÈfha isg u Wkajykafia fj; oeä Ydia;% msmdihla olakg ,eìK' .=rejreka fidhd.ula .ula mdid hkakg úh' nd,dj;dr kï jQ md,s jHdlrK fmdf;a uq,a fldgi Wka jykafiaW.;af;a tl, isr.; j isá udflfy,aj, f,õfla rd, kï .=rejrfhl=f.ks' tys b;sß fldgim,al=Uqf¾ w;a:oiais ysñhkaf.ka W.;af;a h' t;eka isg Wkajykafia ksrka;rfhka uYdiaf;%daoa.%yKfha kshe¨Ky'

fufia wdhdifhka O¾uYdia;% W.;a .sys meúÈ fndfyda fofkl=f.a talrdYS ùula ful, olakg,eìK' miq j th zis,aj;a iud.uZ kñka m%lg úh' Bg iu.dó j fY%aIaG m`äjre msßila o ìysjQy'

bf.kSug reÑhla oela jQ whf.a Ydia;% msmdih ixis÷ùu i|yd irKxlr ysñfhda isxy, yd md,sfmd;a ,sùug mgka .;ay' zidrd¾: ix.%yhZ Wkajykafiaf.a m<uq jk .%ka:h hs' zi;a:dZ kï jQnqÿ .=Kh tu.ska ú.%y úh' iso;a i`.rdj" rEmud,dixfoaYh" uqks.=K w,xldrh" t`M fndaêjxYhyd ffNIÊc uxcqidj Wkajykafia úiska ixialrKh lrk ,o .%ka: w;r fjhs'

tl, isá idufkarhka jykafia,dg O¾u Ydia;% b.ekaùug o irKxlr ysñhkag wjYH úh' tai|yd msßfjka wdrïN lsÍug Wkajykafia W;aiql jQy'

kshulkao msßfjk f.dvke.+ Wkajykafia" .v,dfoKsh O¾u;s,l úydria:dkfhys o msßfjklaawdrïN l<y' th O¾ulS¾;Hdrdu msßfjk kï úh' .sys meúÈ fomsrsig u oyï wOHdmkh ,nd§u fuu.ska isÿ úh' fï ksid zrdc.=reZ hk f.!rj kdufhka msÿï ,eîug o Wkajykafiag yelsúh' r;au,dfka mruO¾ufÉ;sh msßfjk o Wkajykafia úiska f.dvk.k ,oaola h hkak m%lgh' fï msßfjka u.ska úYd, O¾u Ydia;% mqkreohla we;s lsÍug yels úh'

8

iqfmaI, YslaIdldó w,afmaÉP Ôú;hla .; l< irKxlr ysñhka meúÈ jQ od isg u hemqfKa ms`vqis.d hEfuks' tfyhska zmsKavmd;sl irKxlrZ kï úh' .ñka .ug jäñka" oyï foiñka"wirKhkag msysg jQ fyhska zwirK irK irKxlrZ kñka o Wkajykafia m%p,s; jQy'

fï w;r bkaÈhdfõ isg nuqKq m`äjrfhla uykqjr rdcjdi,g meñKsfha h' Tyq iu. idlÉPdlsÍug ;rï W.;a lsisfjla tl, fuys fkd ù h' rc;=ud jyd u irKxlr ysñhka rdc jdi,gf.kaù h' nuqKq m`äjrhd irKxlr ysñhkaf.a mdKaä;Hh ms<sn| j meye§ m%Yxid lf<a h'rc;=ud we;=`M ish,af,da u irKxlr ysñhka flfrys meyeÿKy'

Wmimkaùfï uy;a wNs,dYfhka fm`MKq Wkajykafiag th idOkh lr .; fkd yels jQfhafurg Wmiïmodj ,enQ NslaIQka jykafia fkd jQ fyhsks' lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=udf.a Woõ we;sj Wmiïmodj f.k tau i|yd irKxlr ysñhka úiska ishï rgg ̂;dhs,ka;hg& ¥; msßila hjk,oafoa fï i|yd h'

ishï rc;=ud Wmd,s uy f;reka m%uqL Wmimka NslaIQka jykafia,d úis kula fuys tjQ w;rtu.ska furg Wmiïmodj msysgqúKs' zishï Wmd,sZ hk kñka furg zYHdfudamd,sZ ksldh îshïksldh& wdrïN jQfha ta whqßks'

zuf.kq;a je÷ï msÿï ,nkakg flfkl= fuys isáh hq;= hZ hk woyiska irKxlr ysñhka fuys§ Wmiïmod jQfha fojekshd f,i h' Wkajykafia t;rï wk;sudkS .=Kfhka hq;= flfkla jQnj bka meyeÈ,s h' wk;=re j lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud Wkajykafiag ,laÈj m%:u i`. rc moúhmsßkeó h' th oek .;a ú.i Wkajykafia zWv`.= fkdj uyKZ hkqfjka mkaif,a fodr W¿jiaiau; f;jrla ,shd ;enQ nj lshefõ'

je,súg msKavmd;sl wirK irK rdc.=re irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafia ,laÈjgúYd, fufyjrla bgq l< NslaIQka jykafia kuls' foaYfha wjdikdjg fuka ls%ia;= j¾I 1778 §Wkajykafia wmj;a ù jod<y'

- ixialdrl uKav,h -

9

04' iudkd¾: mo


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'1 jdlafldaISh oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

iudkd¾: mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' iudkd¾: moj, iajNdjh úia;r lrhs' f,aLkfha § iudkd¾: mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'


isxy, NdIdfõ Ndú; úúO mo j¾. y÷kajd §u i|yd my; § we;s igykYsIHhkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak' l=vd - mqxÑ Wiia - my;a w`ÿre iuh" ÿIalr m<d;a ms`vq is`.d hefmk - msKavmd;sl

ta weiqfrka my; i|yka tla tla mo j¾.h ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùula lrkak'1' iudkd¾: mo2' úreoaOd¾: mo3' úfYaIK mo4' ;ks mo

iudkd¾: mo hkq iudk f;areï we;s mo nj y÷kajd fokak'Wod (

wyi - wUr" ..kid.rh - is`ÿ" ihqr" uqyqo

weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wNHdifhys isiqka ksr; lrjkak' fm< fmdf;ys mdvfï i|yka jpk wdY%fhka iudkd¾: mo ms<sn| oekqu ;yjqre

lsÍu i|yd wNHdihl isiqka ksr; lrjkak'


jdlafldaIh - flfkl= okakd jpk ixLHdj

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

iudkd¾: mo YíofldaIh - fidaumd, chj¾Ok úreoaOd¾: mo fldaIh - ví' tia' lreKd;s,l

10


isxy, NdIdfõ Ndú; jk mo j¾. kï lrhs' iudkd¾: mo meyeÈ,s lrhs' iudkd¾: moj,g ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs' mdvfuka f;dard .;a moj,g iudkd¾:j;a mo ,sshhs'

weuqKqu 1

my; i|yka moj,g iudkd¾:j;a mo fol ne.ska § we;s fldgqfjka f;dard ,shkak'

1' c,h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' wdf,dalh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' W;=ï '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' le,Ej '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

5' .i '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

6' uqyqK '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

7' f,dalh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

8' r;a;rka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

9' is; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

10' iqÿ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Èh" Yafõ;" rka" c.;a" uki" Oj," Ñ;a;h" lkl" rel" neoao" Èh" jDlaIhjkh" mjr" fY%aIaG" jpk" t<sh" lsrK" meka" j;

11

05' isxy, wlaIr ud,dj

ksmqK;dj ( 3 '0 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k f,aLkfha § ksjerÈ j Ndú;lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 3'1 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k úúO m%fNao hgf;a j¾. lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k ksjerÈ j wkq ms<sfj<ska bÈßm;a lrhs' wlaIr ud,dj iajr" jH[ack jYfhka j¾. lr olajhs' wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs' f,aLkfha § wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'


isxy, wlaIr ud,dj ,shQ mqjrejla m%o¾Ykh lr YsIHhkaf.a u;lh wjÈ lrkak' my; i|yka lreKq fj; YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak' wlaIr ud,dj m%Odk fldgia 2lg fnfohs'

iajr - 18jHxck - 42

wlaIr ud,dj wl=re ms<sfj<ska ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;= j lshùug YsIHhkagwjia:dj i,iajkak'

isxy, wl=re ksjerÈ j ,sùfï l%ufõoh y÷kajd fokak' isxy, wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ wkqms<sfj<sska u;lfhka ,sùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' wlaIr ud,dfõ iajr iy jHxck wlaIr fjki ms<sn| YsIHhkag meyeÈ,s lrkak' weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ks;r lrjkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

isxy, wlaIr ud,dj ,shk ,o mqjrejla isxy, f,aLk Í;sh - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh isxy, wlaIr ,sùu i|yd ud¾f.damfoaY - cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj

we.hSu ;lafiarelrKh (

isxy, wl=re ksjerÈ j ,shhs' wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ wkqms<sfj<sska u;lfhka lshhs' wlaIr ud,dj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs' isxy, wlaIr ud,dj" iajr yd jHxck jYfhka fjka lr ,shhs'

12

weuqKqu 1

my; i|yka igyfkys ysia fldgq iïmQ¾K lrkak'

l

`v

mj

*

w #

w BR

13

06' wlaIr úkHdih

ksmqK;dj ( 3'0 isxy, wlaIr ud,dj y÷kd f.k f,aLkfha § ksjerÈ j Ndú;lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 3'2 ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdifhka hq;= j ,shhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ,sùfï § ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú;fha jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs' k" K" ," <" Y" I" i wl=re ksjerÈ j fhdohs' i[a[l wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs' w,am m%dK iy Bg wod< uyd m%dK wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs' ,sms f,aLkj, wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ lrhs'


,sùfï § wlaIr úkHdih Ndú; lsÍfï wjYH;dj my; i|yka lreKq wdY%fhkaidlÉPd lrkak' ksjerÈ wl=re ksjerÈ ms<sfj<g fh§u wlaIr úkHdih hs' ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú;fhka NdIdfõ wkkH;dj iq/flhs' jerÈ w¾: u;= ùu je<flhs' f,aLkfha jHla;Ndjh iq/flhs' úfYaIfhka k" K" ," <" Y" I" i wl=re jpkj, fh§fï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=

fõ' isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ i[a[l wlaIr 5ls' `." P" `v" |" U wod< ia:dkj, i[a[l wlaIr fkdfh§fuka jpkj, w¾: fjkia fõ'

Wod ( w., w`.,wv w`vweo we|wn wU

isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ w,am m%dK wlaIr 10la we;' Bg wkqrEm uyd m%dK wlaIr 10la o we;'

w,am m%dK" uyd m%dK wlaIr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍu f,aLkfha jHla;Ndjh i|yd wjYH fõ' Pkaoh - pkaoh

by; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j YsIHhka oekqj;alr fm< fmdf;a i|yka wNHdij,ksr; lrjkak'

weuqKqu 1ys i|yka l%shdldrlï wdY%fhka YsIHhka ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú;hgyqre lrjkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

isxy, wlaIr úkHdi wldrdÈh - Y%S ,xld .%ka: ixj¾Ok uKav,h weuqKqu 1ys i|yka ld¾h m;%sldj

14

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh ( ksjerÈ wlaIr úkHdih Ndú; lrñka jpk ,shhs' wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs' úúO ,sms f,aLkj, wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ lrhs' wlaIr úkHdih ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍu ms<sn| j wkHhka oekqj;a lrhs'

weuqKqu 1

1 my; i|yka jpk ud,dj wid ,sùug i,iajkak'

^w & 1' o¾Ykh 6' ;reKhd

2' m%o¾Ykh 7' mÍlaIKh

3' f,aLkh 8' n<,d

4' j<,a, 9' jr,

5' li, 10' m<,

^wd& 1' f,alï 6' .d:dj

2' Lksc 7' iNdj

3' YS>%.dó 8' m%;sM,

4' úYsIag 9' wm,h

5' wd.dOh 10' ndOdj

2' my; i|yka jpkj, ysia;ekg iqÿiq wl=r rjqfuka f;dard ,shkak'

1' wdo¾ ''''' h 6' '''' uhd

2' m%o¾''''' kh 7' yd ''''''

3' ldr ''''' h 8' lr '''''

4' mr '''' 9' ll= '''''

5' foaY '''''' h 10' m;'''''''''

3' ysia;ekg iqÿiq wl=r bÈßfha we;s rjqfuka f;dard ,shkak'

1' w '''''' ,2' le '''''3' l '''''' h4' y '''''5' l ''''' ,

6' we '''' h7' fyKa ''''' j8' we ''''' u9' i '''' ,10' we ''''' ,hd

K k l

, < Y

I

o `v `. n U `ÿ v ò vq .

15

4' my; i|yka fþofha wlaIr úkHdih ifodia ;eka ksfodia lrkak'

ñksid ljr ld<hl f,dj my, jqj o tfia my< jQ od isg fidhd.;a ish`M foa w;ßka oks¾udKh lr.;a ish¨ foa w;ßka o iqúfYaI j ks¾udKh jkafka NdYdj hs' ñksid NdIdj fidhd.;af;a lskï ld,fha oehs ksiaÑ; j u úia;r l< fkd yels jqj;a th ñksidf.a úYsIaG;uks¾udKh hs'

weuqKqu 2

uyd m%dK wlaIr

j¾.dlaIrj, fojk ;Srefõ iy y;r jk ;Srefõ wl=re uyd m%dK wlaIrhs '

zlZ j¾.h - l L . >zpZ j¾.h - p P c ®zgZ j¾.h - g G v Vz;Z j¾.h - ; : o OzmZ j¾.h - m M n N

w,am m%dK wlaIr

j¾.dlaIrj, m<uq jk ;Srefõ iy ;=ka jk ;Srefõ wl=re w,am m%dK wlaIr kï fõ'

zlZ j¾.h - l L . >zpZ j¾.h - p P c ®zgZ j¾.h - g G v Vz;Z j¾.h - ; : o OzmZ j¾.h - m M n N

i[a[l wlaIr

wlaIr ud,dfõ j¾.dlaIrj,g miq j yh jk ;Srefjys ±lafjkafka i[a[l wlaIr hs' w¾OwkqkdislH hkq o i[a[l wlaIrj,g ;j;a kuls'

`. `c `v `| U

16

07' Thsrhsf¾ Ths rdud ^ù f.dú;ek&


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'3 NdId jHjydrfha úúO;d y÷kd f.k NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( lDIs l¾udka;h yd ne÷Kq NdId jHjydrfha úúO;d y÷kd f.k meyeÈ,s lrhs' ù f.dú;ek yd neÿKq NdId jHjydr y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jpk w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'


isxy, NdIdfõ úúO jHjydr we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'Wod ( m%dfoaYSh jHjydr" jD;a;Skays fhfok NdId ^mßñ; NdId&

fm< fmdf;a wod< mdvu lshjd ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jHjydr y÷kd .ekSugwjia:dj i,iajkak'

ù f.dú;ek yd iïnkaO jpk YsIHhkaf.ka úuikak' tjeks jpk tla/ia lsÍug fhduq lrkak' tajdfha w¾: idlÉPd lrkak' ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq jHjydr we;=<;a jdlH ks¾udKh lsÍug fhduq lrkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

ù f.dú;ek ksrEmKh jk mska;+r$ùäfhda o¾Yk ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq jpk ,ehsia;=jla ù f.dú;ek ms<snò fmd; m;


ù f.dú;ek yd ne÷Kq jpk y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jHjydr tla/ia lrhs ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jHjydrj, w¾: olajhs' ù f.dú;ek wdY%s; jpk$jHjydr fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'

17

08' kdu mo

ksmqK;dj ( 6'0 iïu; NdId Í;s wkq.ukh lrñka f,aLk ld¾hfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'1 kdu mo yd tys m%fNao ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLkfhafhfohs'

ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( kdu moj, jpk" mqreI yd ,sx. fNaoh y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' kdu moj, jpk" mqreI yd ,sx. fNaoh NdIdfõ fhfok wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs' kdu moj, jpk fNaoh" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh i,lñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'


kdu mo y÷kajd § tajdfha úúO iajrEm we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' tal jpk yd nyq jpk ̂ixLHd fNaoh&" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh WodyrK weiqfrka

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

tal jpk nyq jpk

jeoaod jeoafoda

f,akd f,akakq

w,shd w,s

fm< fmdf;a wod< mdvfuka ;j;a WodrK bÈßm;a lrkak' tal jpk yd nyq jpk mo fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lsÍfï wNHdij, ksr;

lrjkak' kdu moj, tal jpk yd nyq jpk fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h fjkia jk wdldrh

WodyrK u.ska meyeÈ,s lrkak' fï iòyd ysia ;eka msrùu" ksjerÈ moh f;aÍujeks wNHdi fhdod .kak'

kdu moj, mqreI fNaoh WodyrK weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

jpkh W;a;u mqreI uOHu mqreI m%:u mqreI

tal jpk uu kqU Tyqnyq jpk wms kqU,d Tjyq

mqreI;%hg wod< kdu mo fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lsÍug i,iajkak' tys § wdLHd;h fjkia jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' WodyrK weiqfrka kdu moj, ,sx. fNaoh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

18

mqreI ,sx. ia;%S ,sx.

l=l=<d lsls<s

nuqKd neñKs

ñksid .eyeksh

wYajhd fj<U

,sx. fNaoh wkqj kdu mo j¾. lr fmkajkak' ,sx. fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h fjkia jk wdldrh WodyrK iys; j meyeÈ,s lrkak' jdlH ks¾udKh i|yd wNHdij, ksr; lrjkak'


tal jpk$nyq jpk - ixLHd fNaoh tlla muKla .ek lshefjkafka tal jpk" Bg jeä .Kkla kï nyq jpk

ia;%S ,sx. - ia;%S jdÖ njla ye`.fjkafka kï ia;%S ,sx. hs' mqreI ,sx. - mqreI jdÖ njla ye`.jkafka kï mqreI ,sx. hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

kdu mohl jpk fNaoh" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh ksrEmKh jk j.=jla' jdlH ,ehsia;=jla


kdu moj, úúO rEm y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' jpk fNaoh" mqreI fNaoh" ,sx. fNaoh wkqj kdumo j.=.; lrhs' jpk fNaoh yd mqreI fNaoh y÷kd f.k ksjerÈ j jdlH ,shhs' ,sx. fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h ksjerÈ j fhdod jdlH ,shhs'

19

09' Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj

ksmqK;dj ( 9'0 ixialD;sh yd idrO¾u y÷kd .ksñka iyÔjkh yd cd;sldNsudkhf.dvk.d .ekSu i|yd NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'4 úúO ck fldgiaj,g wh;a isß;a úß;a y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ,smsf,aLk weiqre lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

úúO ck fldgia w;ßka wysl===KaÀl ck;djf.a úfYaI;ajh y÷kd f.k m%ldY

lrhs'

wysl====KaÀl ck;djf.a úúO isß;a úß;a y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs'

wysl===KaÀl ck;dj i;= hy isß;a w.h lrhs'

wysl==KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re tla/ia lrhs'


fm< fmdf;a we;=<;a wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| ,shejqKq mdvu lshjd tu ck;djf.a

isß;a úß;a ms<sn| f;dr;=re .fõIKhg YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'

wysl====KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re .fõIKh i|yd YsIHhka lKavdhï

l%shdldrlul ksr; lrjkak' ̂ fï i|yd weuqKfuys i|yka w;a m;%sldj iy tuck;dj ms<sn| ,shejqKq fmd;am;a yd ,sms f,aLk fhdod .kak'&

f;dr;=re .fõIKh my; i|yka YS¾I hgf;a isÿ lrkak'

- wysl==KaÀl ck;djf.a b;sydih

- wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a Ôjk p¾hdj

- Ôjk jD;a;Ska

- wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a NdIdj


wysl==KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| j ,shejqKq ,sms f,aLk mßYS,kh lrhs'

wysl=KaÀl ck;djf.a isß;a úß;a y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'

wysl=KaÀl ck;dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lr bÈßm;a lrhs'

úúO ck fldgia iu. iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lrhs'

20

weuqKqu 1

Y%S ,xldfõ wysl=KaÀl ck;dj

Y%S ,xldfõ Ôj;a jk úúO ck fldgia w;=ßka iqúfYaI pdß;% - jdß;% .;s ,laIK

fmkakqï lrk ck fldgila f,i wysl=KaÀl ck;dj y÷kajd Èh yels h' zwysl=KaÀlZ hk

jpkfhys w¾:h i,ld n,k úg zwysZ hkafkka i¾mhd o zl==KaÀlZ hkafkka kegùu" l%Svd

lrùu hk w¾: ,efnk nj fmkS hhs' ta wkqj zwysl===KaÀlZ hk jpkh zkhs kgjkakdZ hk

w¾:j;a mohls'

wysl==KaÀl ck;dj ixpdrl Ôú;hla .; lrk ck fldÜGdihls' Tõyq .ñka .ug

hñka kd.hska yd ß<jqka kgjñka o Ydia;% lshñka o Ôúldj lr;s' fudõyq ;djld,sl jdiia:dk

;kd f.k Ôj;a fj;s' tla .ul Èk y;lg jvd /f|kafka ke;' ie;mqï oyhla muK ÿßka

;j;a ;efkl jdiia:dk ;kd f.k ;j;a Èk y;la ta m%foaYfha jdih lr;s' fuf,i Tõyq rg

mqrd ixpdrh lrñka Èú f.j;s' lKavdhï folla tl u .ul jdih lrkafka o ke;' jirlg

j;djla ,xldfõ jdih lrk ish¨ u wys.==KaÀl ñksiaiq tl ;eklg /ia fj;s' /ia ù lKavdhï

w;r wdjdy újdy lghq;= o Kh .kqfokq wdosh o isÿ lr .ks;s' B <`. wjqreoafoa lrk jev lghq;=

yd ixpdrh lrk m%foaY ms<sn| ;SrKh lrkafka o fuu uyd iïfï,kfha § h'

tl .ul Èk y;l ld,hlg jvd jdih fkd lrkafka t .u wmú;% ùu je<elaùug h'

.ul jdih lsÍug fmr ta .ï jeishkaf.ka wjir .ekSula isÿ lrkq ,efí' wysl=KaÀl

ñksiqkag jdiia:dk ;kd .ekSug ìula ,nd §ug .ï jeisfhda wlue;s fkd fj;s' Tjqkag bvï

iskak ùula fkd jk nj .ï jeishka okakd fyhsks' fndfyda úg wysl=KaÀl ckhd ;u jdih

i|yd lk;a;la fyda md`M ìula f;dard .ks;s' Bg fya;=j ;u j¾.hdf.a ryia wdrlaId lsÍug nj

Tõyq mji;s'

wysl==KaÀl ck;d lKavdhï jYfhka Ôj;a jk nj by; i|yka úh' fuu tla lKavdhulg

mjq,a fol;a myf<dj;a w;r m%udKhla wh;a fõ' lKavdhï kdhlhd wdrÉÑ fyj;a ' fmßh

ukqIHhï ' ̂ m%Odk ñksyd& kñka ye¢ka fõ' lKavdhï kdhlhd f;dard .kq ,nkafka lKavdhfï

ish¨ fokdf.a u leue;af;ks' Tyq lafIa;%fha ish¨ kS;s Í;s ukdj o;a" jhi wjqreÿ 30 blau jQ

wmlaImd;S j ;SrK .kakd mqoa.fhl= úh hq;= h' kdhlhdf.a ;SrKhg wjk; ùu lKavdhfï

ish¨ fokdf.a u j.lSuls' lKavdhfï kdhlhd kvq ynj, § wêlrK ;Srlhd f,i o lghq;=

lrhs' lKavdhï lsysmhlg o kdhlfhla isáhs' Tyq ' fldar, udud ' kñka ye¢kafjhs'

Y%S ,xldfõ wysl==KaÀl ck;djg È.= b;sydihla we;' Tõyq bkaÈhdfõ isg furgg

ixl%uKh jQ ck fldÜGdihla f,i ms<s.efka' b;sydifha l=uk jljkqjl § ,xldjg meñKsfha

oehs iaÓr j lsj fkd yels jqj;a ft;sydisl idys;H uQ,dY%h /il fudjqka ms<sn| i|yka fõ'

ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha zwysl===KaÀl j;a:qZ kñka mqj;la we;=<;a ùu" mkaish mkia cd;l fmdf;a

21

zN+ßo;a;Z yd zpïfmhHZ cd;l l;dj, khs kegùfuka Ôj;a jQ wysl=KaÀlhl= ms<sn| i|yka

ùu ksoiqka f,i oelaúh yels h' fidlß kdgHfhys o bkaÈhdfõ isg meñKs wysl===KaÀlhl=

ms<sn| i|yka fõ' fï lreKq weiqfrka fmkS hkafka wysl=KaÀl ck;dj fndfyda l,l isg

furg Ôj;a jk nj h'

wysl=KaÀl ckfhda iajNdj O¾uh foaj;ajfhka i,ld je÷ï msÿï lr;s' tfy;a we;eï

wysl===KaÀlhska mjikafka ;uka fn!oaOhka nj hs' tfy;a Tjqk fn!oaO j;a ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh

lrk njla fkdfmfka' mkai," m,a,sh" fldaú," fjkila fkdue;s j iEu isoaOia:dkhlg u

jeÿï msÿï i|yd hk nj fmfka' wysl=KaÀl ckfhda yska¥ka fuka isl=rdod Èkh Y=oaO Èkhla

f,i i,l;s' tfia u úIaKq yd l;r.u jeks foújreka woy;s' .j uia lk uqia,sï f.j,aj,g

mjd fkd h;s' tfy;a fn!oaO fndaêi;ajhka iy wysl===KaÀlhka w;r iïnkaOh Tõyq wdvïnrfhka

m%ldY lr;s'

wysl=KaÀl ckfhda hka;% uka;% .=relï úYajdi lr;s' hka;% uka;% yd .=relï ls,sfodaI

u.ska úkdY ùu fyda n, rys; ùu isÿ jk nj Tõyq úYajdi lr;s' Tõyq l+vdrula bÈl< ú.i

u ta jgd ue;srE .,a j<,;s' ndf.g ms<siaiKq frÈ mdxlv wÈ;s' fï u.ska ls,s fodaIj,ska ÿre

ùug fuka u i¾mhka" jk i;=ka iy wjg .ïj, n,a,kaf.ka wdrlaId ùug yels nj úYajdi

lr;s'

kd.hd wysl===KaÀlhkaf.a ixfla;h hs' Tjqka Ôj;a jk f.me, y÷kajkafka kd b,a,

^kd. .Dyh& f,i hs' wysl=KaÀlfhda ;uka iy kd.hd w;r we;s iïnkaOh b;d f.!rjfhka

i,l;s' wysl===KaÀl msßñ khs kgj;s' .eyekq Ydia;% lsh;s' msßñ khs kgjkafka k<d msôñks' khs

kegùug wu;r j ß<jqka kegùu o lr;s' khs kegùfuka ;%dih;a" ß<d kegùfuka úfkdaoh;aa

f.k fohs' ß<d r`.mEï w;r isxy, rcldf,a wmrdOldrfhl= Wf,a bkaojd isák ieá" fydrd

fmd,a lvk yeá" f;dgqmf<a § fl,a,g hld jeyqK yeá" ;E.s wrka kekao udud n,kak hk yeá

wdÈ fi,a,ï ck;djg úfkdaoh f.k §ug iu;a fõ'wysl===KaÀlfhda khs we,a,Sug o" khs oIag

l< úg fnfy;a lsÍug o olaI fj;s' Tjqka w; khs .,a we;' khs .,a u.ska i¾m úI weoa§u l<

yels njg úYajdi lr;s'

j¾;udkfha wysl=KaÀl ck;dj fjkqfjka fjk u .ïudkhla bÈ lr we;' ta wkqrdOmqr

m%foaYfha ' l=vd.u ' kï m%foaYh hs' tfy;a ixpdrl wysl=KaÀlfhda ;ju;a ÿ,n fkd fj;s'

wysl=KaÀl NdIdfõ jpk lsysmhla

uialka - msysh frda¨ - jxf.äh

;df,a - fíiu brñka - ysruKh

ila - l=,a,

loj - j;=r l,h

mS fmÜáh - khs fmÜáh

22

wysl=KaÀl NdIdfõ {d;s kdu

wínvd - mshd

udud - uj

wÜgïud - kekaod

fmvïud - f,dl= wïud

wkakd - whahd

;d;d - wd;d

uq,a,ïud - wdÉÑ

23

10' kdu mo ^Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh&


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'1 kdu mo yd tys m%fNao ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLkfhafhfohs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

Wla; kdu mo yd wkqla; kdu mo ksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs' f,aLkfha § Wla; yd wkqla; kdu mo ksjerÈ j fhÈh hq;= nj ms<s.kshs' Wla; yd wkqla; fNaoh wkqj kdu mo ksjerÈ j jdlHj, fhdohs'


my; i|yka wdldrfha kso¾Yk jdlH lsysmhla m%o¾Yk lrkak'

1' fouõmsfhdaa orejka rls;s'2' wms fouõmshka kuÈuq'1' ñksiaiq .ia jj;s2' i;a;= ñksiqka oel m,d .shy'1' <uhs u,a lv;s2' <uhska levQ u,a mrúh'1' j,fila ñksidg lvd mekafka h'2' wms j,il = oel ìhg m;aùuq'

uq,a jdlH hq.,fhys m<uq jk jdlHfha zfouõmsfhdaZ hkak wjidk l%shdfjkalshefjk kdu moh hs' zrls;sZ hk wjidk l%shdfjka fouõmsfhda hkak m%ldY fõ'ta ksid tla Wla; moh f,i jHjydr jk nj mjikak'

tys fojk jdlHfha zfouõmshkaZ hkak wjidk l%shdjg hg;a jk l¾u moh hs'ta ksid th wkqla; moh nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

Wla; moh zfouõmsfhdaZ nj;a" wkqla; moh zfoudmshkaZ jk nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

b;sß jdlH hq.,j, o ta wdldrhg u Wla;" wkqla; mo fh§ isák wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' <uhska lKavdhï follg fjka lr tla lKavdhula Wla; moh mjik úg

wfkla lKavdhu wkqla; moh mejiSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' fï i|yd weuqKqu 1ys jpk fhdod .; yels h'

weuqKqu 2ys i|yka l%shdldrlfuys YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak' wdLHd;hg wkqj Wla;h fhfok wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' weuqKqu 3ys i|yka

wNHdi ,nd fokak' fm<fmdf;a wNHdij,g o fhduq lrkak'

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh ( kdu mohl Wla; rEmh yd wkqla; rEmh w;r fjki y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'

24

jdlHhl Wla; yd wkqla; mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' wdLHd;hg WÑ; mßÈ Wla; mo yd wkqla; mo ksjerÈ j fhdod jdlH ,shhs' Wla; - wkqla; fNaoh y÷kd f.k jdlH ksjerÈ lrhs'

weuqKqu wxl 01

Wla; mo wkqla; mo Wla; mo wkqla; moñksiaiq ñksiqka.=rejre .=rejrekan,af,la n,af,l=isxyfhda isxyhka.eñfhda .eñhkajeoafoda jeoaokaß<jq ß<jqkafidre fidrekan<,a¨ n<¨kafudkre fudkrekaj,iaiq j,iqkal=udrfhda l=udrhka

weuqKqu wxl 02

Wla; mo wkqla; mo

n,af,da '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l=re,a,ka

ks<shla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

f.dkakq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

lïlrefjda '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l,dlrejka

weuqKqu wxl 03jdlH ksjerÈ lr ,shkak'01' fouõmshka <uhska wdrlaId lr;s'02' wm Èkm;d mqj;am;a lshjuq'03' l=vd orefjl= ùr l%shdjla lrhs'04' ud Bg iïnkaO fkd fjñ'05' kd ysñhkaa oyï foi;s'06' w¨hu l=l=<ka y`v<;s07' ysre kef.k úg fudkreka ms,a úoyd kg;s'08' .=rejreka wmg fyd| krl lshd fo;s'09' f.dúhka Y%S ,xldj iy,ska fmdaIKh lr;s'10' .=rejreka mdif,a isá;s'

Wla; mo yd wkqla; mo ksjerÈ j f;dard háka brla wÈkak'1' ^ñ;=frla$ñ;=frl=& isoaêh úia;r lrhs'2' wms ^lïlrejka$lïlrefjda& jev lrk ;ekg .sfhuq'3' ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud ^fhdaOfhda$fhdaOhka& iu. igkg msúisfha h'4' ^ffjoHjre" ffjoHjre& f,vqka mÍlaId lr;s'5' uu wirK îf;la$if;l=& fírd .;sñ'

ldka;djla ldka;djlorefjla orefjl=oeßhla oeßhl<ufhla <uhl=ks<shla ks<shluu udwms wmf;da ;df;dms f;dm´" ´f;dfuda wE" wehfya" fyf;u TyqTjqyq Tjqka

25

11' fï ldf.a foda lu;d ^cklú&

ksmqK;dj ( 11'0 ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 11'1 idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kfhka y÷kd .;a udkj w;aoelSï m%ldYlrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( cklúj, iajNdjh y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs' cklúj,ska m%lg jk udkj w;aoelSï biau;= lr olajhs' cklú ridiajdofha fhfohs'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia ( cklúfha iajNdjh yd miqìu mdvu weiqßka WodyrK iys; j idlÉPd lrkak' cklú fm<g ijka §ug yd .dhkd lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' lú fmf<ys w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrkak' f.dú Ôú;fha tla wjia:djla jQ fld< ueãu fuu.ska ksrEmKh jk nj myod

fokak' fld< ueãfï wjia:djg wod< w;aoelSï idlÉPd lrkak'

- fld< ueãu i|yd f.dkd f.k tau- ne; tla /ia lsÍu- nqÿka isys lsÍu- lsß b;srùu

fld< ueãfï oS Ndú; lrk NdIdj mdvu weiqßka WodyrK iys; j idlÉPdlrkak'

lú fm< ri úkaokh i|yd u. fmkajkak'- ;d,hg .dhkd lsrSug yels ùu'- ir, .eñ joka we;=<;a ùu- t<siuh ksid rij;a ù we;s wdldrh

lú fm< rij;a ùug n,md we;s fya;= fudkjd oehs ,sùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


fld< ueãu - f.dhï mE.Su lu; - f.dhï md.k ia:dkh wgq - fldgq - ne; ^ù& ;ekam;a lr we;s ia:dkh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

isxy, cklú ix.%yh - wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j cklú I - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh ( lu;a nfiys fhfok jpk y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' cklúfha iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs' ;d,dkql+, j ck lú .dhkd lrhs' cklúj, woyi ksjerÈ j bÈßm;a lrhs' cklú ms<sn| ridiajdohla ,shhs'

26

12' úreoaOd¾: mo



ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( úreoaOd¾: mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs'

úreoaOd¾: moj, iajNdjh úia;r lrhs' f,aLkfha § úreoaOd¾: mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'


ksoiqka weiqßkaa úreoaOd¾: mo y÷kajd fokak'

Wod ( fydò - krlysñ - wysñÿl - iemmska - mõ

úreoaOd¾: mo iEfok úúO wdldr meyeÈ,s lrkak'uq,ska Wmi¾.hla fh§fuka Wod ( Nh - ks¾Nhuq,ska ksmd;hla fh§fuka Wod( fyd| - fkdfydòfjk;a mohla Ndú; lsÍfuka Wod( w`ÿr - t<sh

úreoaOd¾: mo ,sùu iòyd cklú mdvfuka f;dard .;a mo lsysmhla YsIHhkag ,nd fokak'

YsIHhka lKavdhï follg fnod tla lKavdhula mohla lshQ úg wfkla lKavdhutys úreoaOd¾: mejiSfï l%shdldrlula fufyjkak'

weuqKuq 1ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

úreoaOd¾: mo iys; jpk ud,djla úreoaOd¾: YíofldaIh - ví' tia' lreKd;s,l úreoaOd¾: jdlafldaIh - ;siai Brsh.u


isxy, NdIdfõ Ndú; jk mo j¾. kï lrhs' úreoaOd¾: mo meyeÈ,s lrhs' úreoaOd¾: moj,g ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs' mdvfuka f;dard .;a moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo ,shhs'

27

wuqKqu 1

my; i|yka moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo mdvfuka fidhd ,shkak'

br" by<" ÿgq" hg" krlwfõ,dj" l<

my; i|yka moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo ,shkak'

<`. -we; -W;a;u -tkjd -Wv -

úreoaOd¾:h fok moh fldgqfjka fidhd ,shkak'

m%Yakh -läir -w. -meyeÈ,s -wdjrKh -

háka bß weÈ moj,g úreoaOd¾: mo f;dard jdlH iïmQ¾K lrkak'

1' Wfoa msmqKq u, ijig '''''''''''''''''''''''

2' olaI fuka u ''''''''''''''''''''' <uhs o mka;sfha isá;s'

3' fmd<j ksire jqj o fmdfydr fhdod ''''''''''''''''''''''' wiajekakla ,nd .; yels h'

4' frda.S jQ wh '''''''''''''''''''' lsÍug T!IO ,nd fohs'

5' by<g meo .sh Trej iev myr ksid '''''''''''''''''''' we§ .sfha h'

wmeyeÈ,s

ms<s;=r

lïue,s

wkdjrKh

uq,

28

13' tâukaaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'5 úúO kdhlhkaf.a pß; l;d mßYS,kh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß; l;dj lshjhs'

tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a Ôjk f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs' tâuka mSßia ro.=re;=udf.ka iudchg isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs' tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß;fhka .; yels wdo¾Y bÈßm;a lrhs'


mdvu lshùug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak' YsIHhka iu. tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud yd t;=udf.a Ôjk pß;h ms<sn| idlÉPd

lrkak' YsIHhka lKavdhï ;=klg fnod my; ud;Dld hgf;a f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug

mjrkak'1' Ôjk f;dr;=re2' iudc fiajh3' ,nd .; yels wdo¾Y

tla tla lKavdhï /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' bÈßm;a lsÍïj,ska u;= jQ lreKq iudf,dapkhl fhfokak' fm<fmdf;a wNHdij,g fhduq lrkak'


w.ro.=re - lsishï rgl fyda ro.=re moú ^lf;da,sl iNdfõ wd.ñl n, m%foaY& lsysmhl fyda m%Odk mQcl;=ud ^kdhlhd&'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=ud ms<sn| ,shQ ,sms PdhdrEm


tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a Ôjk f;dr;=re ,ehsia;= .; lrhs' tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.ka iudchg isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs' tâukaâ mSßia ro.=re;=udf.a pß;fhka .; yels wdo¾Y ,shhs' mdvfï we;=<;a ÿrjfndaO jpk w¾: olajhs'

29

14' l%shd mo ^mQ¾j l%shd" ñY% l%shd&


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'2 l%shd mo iy tys m%fNao ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;= j f,aLk ld¾hfhaafhfohs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( l%shd mo j¾. lr olajhs'

mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki meyeÈ,s lrhs' f,aLkfha § ñY% l%shd mo ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'

f,aLkfha § mQ¾j l%shd mo ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs'


zl%shd moZ hkq l=ula o hkak YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lr th ksoiqka lsysmhlaweiqfrka ;yjqre lrkak'^lsÍula" ùula" ú£ula m%ldY lrk mo l%shd mo nj&

Wod ( <uhd wl=re ,shhs ^lsÍula&

wyfia ;re nenf<hs' ^ùula&

uu mßirfha iqkaor;ajh ú¢ñ' ^ú£ula&

l%shd moj, úúO m%fNao idlÉPd lr tys uQ,sl fn§ï 2la we;s nj fmkajd fokak'

1' wjidk l%shd2' wkjidk l%shd

jdlHhl wdLHd;h f,i fhfokafka wjidk l%shd nj ksoiqka weiqfrka idlÉPdlrkak'<uhd fi,a,ï lrhs'uj orejkag Tjoka ÿkakd h'f.dúfhda l=Uqre fldg;s'

jdlHhl wdLHd;h f,i fkd fhfok l%shd mo wkjidk l%shd nj ksoiqkaweiqfrka idlÉPd lrkak'<uhs ÿjñka fi,a,ï lr;s'wïud ke<ú,s .Shla .hd orejka kef<õjd h'

wkjidk l%shd j¾.hg wh;a l%shd mo f,i mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd y÷kajdfokak'

wjidk l%shdj iu. ;j;a l%shdjla isÿ fõ kï tajd ñY% l%shd nj ksoiqka weiqßkafmkajd fokak'Wod ( oeßh .Shla .hñka kegqjd h'

u,a,S l%Svd ;r`.h krUñka w;afmd<ika ÿkafka h' wjidk l%shdjg fmr isÿ jQ fyda lrk ,o l%shd mQ¾j l%shd nj ksoiqka weiqßka

meyeos,s lrkak'wïud n;a Whd" orejkag leõjd h'u,a,s o;a ueo" uqj fodjd" ysi mSrefõ h'

30

tl u mQ¾j l%shd moh fojrla fh§fuka ̂ oaú;aj ùfuka& ñY% l%shd ilid .; yelsnj ksoiqka u.ska idlÉPd lrkak'Wod ( ;d;a;d or lm lmd f.dv .eiqfõ h'

oeßh .S;h .h .hd kegqjd h' oS we;s j.=j weiqfrka mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd

lrkak' th ;yjqre lsrSug WÑ; wNHdi ,nd fokak'

l%shd mo mQ¾j l%shd moh ñY% l%shd moh

kghs kgd kgñka$kg kgd

y`vhs y`vd y`vñka$y`v y`vd

,shhs ,shd ,shñka$,sh ,shd

lmhs lmd lmñka$lm lmd

weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

mQ¾j ls%hd mo yd ñY% l%shd mo ,shd ilid .;a mqjre


l%shd mohla hkq l=ula oehs y÷kajhs' mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd ksjerÈ j fjka lr olajhs' l%shd moj,g wkqrEm mQ¾j l%s%hd yd ñY% l%shd ilia lrhs' mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd w;r fjki y÷kd f.k jdlHj, ksjerÈ j fhdohs'

weuqKqu 1

mdvfuys iòyka mQ¾j l%shd iy ñY% l%shd mo fidhd ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

ysia;ekg iqÿiq mQ¾j l%shd rEmh fyda ñY% l%shd rEmh fyda fhdokak'

1' kekaod frÈ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ̂ fidaohs& jef,ys jekqjd h'

2' .=rejre wjjdo ''''''''''''''''''''''' ̂ fohs& isiqka hyu`. hj;s'

3' uu nifhka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^nishs& ksjig .sfhñ'

4' wlald fmd; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ^lshjhs& mdvu meyeÈ,s l<d h'

5' wïud or '''''''''''''''''''''''' ̂lvhs& ñá '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ̂ n¢hs&ysi u; ;nd .;a;d h'

mQ¾j l%shd yd ñY% l%shd mo fhdod jdlH 05la ks¾udKh lrkak'

31

15' l;dnyg ixhuhla îqyo ixjdo&


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'2 ijka § m%;spdr oelaùfï § wdpdrYS,S nj yd ixhuh m%o¾Ykhlrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( mqoa., újO;ajh wkqj NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'

mqoa., úúO;ajh yd wjia:dj wkqj m%;spdr olajhs' ixhufhka hqla; j ijka § m%;spdr olajhs'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia ( fm<fmdf;a iòyka iqyo ixjdoh iqÿiqq l%ufõohla u.ska YsIHhkag ijka §ug

i,iajkak' ta weiqfrka mqoa., úúO;ajhg .e<fmk f,i l;d ny yd ijka §ul< hq;= wdldrh ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak' fï i|yd my; i|yka wdldrfha mqoa.,úúO;d yd wjia:d fhdod .; yels h'1' NslaIQka jykafia$mQcl;=uka iu. l;d ny2' .=rejreka iu. l;d ny'3' jeäysáhka iu. l;d ny'4' rcfha$mqoa.,sl ld¾hd,hl ks,OdÍka iu. l;d ny'

ijka §fï § yd m%;spdr oelaùfï § mej;sh hq;= wdpdrYS,S nj yd ixhuh ms<snòidlÉPd lrkak'- wjia:djg WÑ; iajrhla ^y`vla& Ndú; lsÍu'- wjia:djg yd mqoa.,hska .e<fmk jpk Ndú;h- WÑ; wx. p,k Ndú;h- ixjr nj- ijka ÿka miq m%;spdr oelaùu- l;djg ndOd fkd lsÍu

mka;sh lKavdhïj,g fnod my; i|yka f;aud weiqre lr f.k mqoa., fomsßilaw;r isÿ jk l;d nyla ks¾udKd;aul N+ñld rx.khlska bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj,nd fokak'1' NslaIQka jykafia$mQcl;=uka iu. Y%djlhska lrk l;dny'2' .=re msßia iu. isiq msßila lrk ixjdo3' jeäysáhka iu. nd,hska lrk l;d nyla'4' rcfha$mqoa.,sl ld¾hd,hl ks,OdÍka iu. fiajd,dNshd lrk l;d nyla'

fuys § ta ta mqoa.,hkag yd wjia:djkag WÑ; f,i ijka§u yd l;dny isÿúh hq;= njg Wmfoia fokak'

N+ñld rx.kh i|yd iQodkï ùug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak' N+ñld rx.kh bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

YsIHhka we.hSug ,la lrkak'we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh (

ixhufhka yd wdpdrYs,S núka hqla; j m%;spdr oelaúh hq;= wdldrh m%ldY lrhs' wdpdrYS,S j yd ixhufhka hqla; j ijka fohs' wdpdrYS,S j yd ixhufhka hqla; j m%;spdr olajhs' lKavdhfï l%shdldrlïj, ks¾udKd;aul j yd iqyoYS,S j ksr; fjhs'

32

16' ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh

ksmqK;dj ( 2'0 Ôjk w;aoelSï mq`M,a lr .ekSu i|yd lshùfï mqreÿ w¾:j;a jfhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 2'2 úúO ffY,sfhka rÑ; fmd; m; lshjhs

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( Y%djlhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ lshjhs'

cd;l l;djl iajNdjh y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;a lrhs' ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfhka .; yels Ôú;do¾Y m%ldY lrhs'


iqÿiq l%ufõohla fhdod .ksñka ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh YsIHhkag ijka §ug i,iajkak' mqrd;k idys;H .%ka: lshùfï § Y%e;s f.dapr ffY,sfhka lshúh yels nj WodryrK

lsysmhla u.ska fmkajd fokak'îoaO¾u r;akdj,sh" nq;airK" jeks .%ka:j,ska Wmqgd .;a fldgia&

cd;l l;d lshùu i|yd o tjeks ffY,shla we;s nj YsIHhkag wjfndaO lrfokak'

;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh lshùug iEu YsIHfhl=g u wjia:dj ,nd fokak'WÉpdrKh" y`vmd,kh" úrdu ,l=Kq wkq.ukh lsÍu ms<sn| fuys § wjOdkhfhduq lrkak'

;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;a lrkak'- Ys,am yeoEÍug Èidmdfudla <`.g hdu- ;, lEu- o`vqjï §u- ffjr ne§u- Ys,am yodrd msgj hdu- Èidmdfudla le|ùu

cd;l l;djl ,laIK YsIHhkaa iu`. idlÉPd lrkak'- j¾;udk l;dj- w;S; l;dj- mQ¾jdmr ikaê .e<mSu

iEu cd;l l;djl u fï ,laIKh olakg ,efnk nj WodrK iys; j fmkajdfokak'

cd;l l;dfjka .; yels wdo¾Y ms<snò YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak- l< jro wjfndaO lr §u'- Ys,am Ydia;% fkd wvqj ,nd §u- .=rejrhdf.a wkqYdik ms<s.ekSu- .=rejrhdg fndfyda iïm;a ,nd §u- .=rejrhdg lD;fõ§ ùu

tod iy wo wOHdmk l%ufha fjkialï mdvu weiqßka fidhd" zoaú;aj igykac¾k,hlaZ ilia lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

YsIHhka we.hSug ,la lrkak'

33


uiafika - rka ldisj,skams<s i`.,la - frÈ hq.,lawdpdßNd.h - .=rejrhdg fok .=re m`vqrkl;a i,iajd - iqn kel;skawkHdjla - kS;shg úreoaObksífn - Bg miqjmdgj flfrñ - o`vqjï lrñiudê j - i;=gg m;a j;rï moï i,iajd - iqÿiq ;;ajfha §

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

cd;l l;d lsysmhl fldgila

ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha l;djla nq;airK l;djla


Y%djlhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lh lshjhs' cd;l l;djl ,laIK m%ldY lrhs' ;s,uqÜÀ cd;lfha l;d idrh bÈßm;a lrhs' cd;l l;dfjka .; yels wdo¾Y ,ehsia;= .; lrhs' l;dfõ .eguqiq joka i|yd w¾: imhhs'

34

17' wfma f,day ;dlaIKfha hg.shdj

ksmqK;dj ( 10'0 idys;ahsl" od¾Yksl" úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re we;=<;aks¾udK mßYS,kfhka ,nd .;a oekqu úúO NdId ld¾hhka i|ydfhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 10'2 úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re we;=<;a fmd;m; mßYS,kfhka,nd .;a oekqu NdId ld¾h i|yd fhdod .kshs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( merKs f,day ;dlaIKh .ek ,shejqKq ,sms f,aLk lshjhs'

,xldfõ merKs f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs' w;S; Y%S ,dxlslhkaf.a f,day ;dlaIKsl oekqu w.h lrhs' f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| jdlafldaIh wjia:dkql+, j fhdod .kshs'


,xldfõ f,day ;dlaIKfha b;sydih ms<sn| j fm<fmdf;a i|yka mdvu lshùugi,iajkak'

mdvfï i|yka lreKq YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak' f,day ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO fm< fmdf;a i|yka jpk y÷kd .ekSug YsIHhkag

wjia:dj ,nd fokak' f,day ;dlaIKfha § me/kakka Ndú; l< Wml%u YsIHhkag y`ÿkajd fokak' weuqKqu 1ys i|yka ld¾h m;%sldj YsIHhkag ,nd fokak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ,xldfõ f,day l¾udka;h ms<sn| ,shejqKq úúO ,sms-f,aLk" fmd;-m; iy PdhdrEm

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh ( Y%S ,xldfõ f,day l¾udka;fha b;sydih ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs' f,day l¾udka;h i|yd me/kakka Ndú; l< ;dlaIKsl Wml%u úia;r lrhs' f,day ;dlaIKh ms<sn| mdßNdIsl jpkj, w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrhs' f,day ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO jpk we;=<;a lrñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'

weuqKqu 1ld¾h m;%sldj

fm<fmdf;a mdvu fyd¢ka lshjkak'

mdvfï we;=<;a f,day ;dlaIKh yd iïnkaO jpk ydtajdfha w¾: ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'

tu jpk we;=<;a lrñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrkak'

w;S; Y%S ,xldfõ f,day ;dlaIKh .ek" fmd;m;ska f;dr;=re

tla /ia lr fmd;a msxpla ilia lrkak'

35

18' jdlH Í;s


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 6'3 iïu; Í;sj,g wkq.; j jdlH ,shhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( jdlHhl uQ,sldx. y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' jHdlrKdkql+, j jdlH ,sùfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'

Wla;h" l¾uh yd wdLHd;h flfrys ie,ls,su;a fjñka jdlH ,shhs' ld, fNaoh flfrys ie,ls,su;a fjñka jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia ( jdlHhl uQ,sldx. ;=kla we;s nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

1' Wla;h 2' l¾uh 3' wdLHd;h ^l%shdj&fï iòyd kso¾Yk jdlH lsysmhla fhdod .kak' ñksid or lmhs'

wïud n;a Whhs' .=re;=ud wl=re W.kajhs'

tjeks jdlH lSmhla ks¾udKh lsÍug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak' jdlH ks¾udKfha § ld, fNaoh wkqj wdLHd;h fhfok wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' isxy, NdIdfõ w;S; wk;S; hehs ld, foll muKla wdLHd;h fhfok nj

myod fokak'

w;S; wk;S;

<uhd f.or .sfha h' <uhd f.or hhs'.=rejre wl=re b.ekajqfjda h' .=rejre wl=re W.kaj;s'wïud n;a msiqjd h' wïud n;a msihs'

;j;a WodyrK bÈßm;a lrñka ld, fNaoh ;yjqre lrkak' YsIHhka lKavdhï lr w;S; ld, jdlH wk;S; ld,hg yerùfï wNHdihla ,nd

fokak' weuqKqu wxl 01ys iòyka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

jdlHj, w;S; wk;S; ld, fNaoh ±lafjk igykla


ksjerÈ j Wla;h yd wdLHd;h fhdod jdlH ,shhs' Wla;h" l¾uh yd wdLHd;h wkqj jdlH ksjerÈ lr ,shhs' wdLHd;h ksjerÈ j fhdod jdlH ,shhs' ld, fNaoh ksjerÈ j Ndú; lr jdlH ,shhs'

36

weuqKqu 01

' ksjerÈ Wla; moh fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' olaIfhda fjuq'

2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fyaka j.d lr;s'

3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' nvq úl=Khs'

4' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' n;a msiqjd h'

2' ksjerÈ wdLHd; moh fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

1' <uhs mdi, weÍ f.or ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' lïlrefjda md,u ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' .x.d uqyqog .,d ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' kx.S fmd;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' Wla;hg wkqj wdLHd;h ksjerÈ lrkak'

1' ;re fm< wyfia nn<;s'

2' uu .ug .sfhuq'

3' wms Bfha fld<U hñ'

4' Bfha ? ;d;a;d f.or ths'

37

19' rdcldß ,sms

ksmqK;dj ( 7'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka f,aLkfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 7'1 f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd ,sms ,shhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

rdcldß ,smshl we;=<;a uQ,sldx. kï lrhs' f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd ,sms ,sùfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs' ,sms ,sùfï § Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; lrhs' fhda.H wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka ,sms ,shhs'


ikaksfõokh i|yd Ndú; l< yels úúO l%u w;r ,sms ,sùu i|yd ysñ jkjeo.;alu YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

,sùfï wruqK wkqj ,smsfha wdlD;sh fjkia jk nj;a ta wkqj ,sms" j¾. l< yelsnj;a y÷kajd fokak'

f;dard .;a rdcldß ,smshla YsIHfhl= ,jd mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak' ta Tiafia rdcldß ,sms ,sùfï wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lrkak' rdcldß ,smshl iïu; wdlD;s we;s nj meyeÈ,s lr weuqKqu 1ys we;=<;a tu wdlD;s

YsIHhkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak' ta weiqfrka rdcldß ,smshl we;=<;a úh hq;= uQ,sldx. fmkajd fokak'

- hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r" ,smskh yd Èkh- ,nkakdf.a ;k;=r" yd ,smskh- wduka;%Kh- ud;Dldj- lreKq- wjidkh

rdcldÍ ,sms ,sùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq flfrys YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkhfhduq lrkak'- ixlaIsma; nj- jHla; f,aLk jHjydrh Ndú; lsÍu- ms<sfj<" msßisÿ nj yd l%udkql+, nj /l .ekSu- rdcldß ,smsfha ud;Dldfjka wka;¾.;fha uQ,sl woyi ms<sìUq lsÍu

rdcldß ,smshla fm!oa.,sl ,smshlska fjkia jk whqre idlÉPd lrkak' weuqKqu 1 Ndú;fhka rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh iïmQ¾K lr,Sfï wNHdij,

YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak' weuqKqu 2ys fok ,o f;aud w;ßka tlla f;dard f.k rdcldß ,smshla ,sùug

fhduq lrkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;s oelafjk mqjrejla rdcldß ,ssms lsysmhla

38

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh (

rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh bÈßm;a lrhs' ,smshlska bgq jk fufyh úia;r lrhs' rdcldß ,smshla fm!oa.,sl ,smshlska fjkia jk whqre meyeÈ,s lrhs' úêu;a wdlD;sh Ndú; lrñka rdcldß ,smshla ,shhs'

weuqKqu 1rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh i

hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r yd ,smskh

Èkh

,nkakdf.a ;k;=r yd,smskh

wduka;%Kh

ud;Dldj

wka;¾.; l< hq;= lreKq

wjidkh

39

weuqKqu 2

.%du ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha f,alï Tn hehs is;kak' m%foaYh mqrd jHdma; jk uÿrejix.;h u¾okh lsÍu i|yd ck;dj oekqj;a lsÍfï jevigyka l%shd;aul lrkfuka b,a,ñka m%foaYfha uyck fi!LH mÍlaIl;=ud fj; hefjk ,smshla ilialrkak'

mdi,a pdßld lñgqfõ f,alï Tn hehs is;kak' fujr wOHdmk pdßldj i|ydfld<U msysá .%yf,dald.drh keröug woyia lrk fyhska ta i|yd wjir b,a,ñka.%yf,dald.dr wOHlaI;=ud fj; hefjk ,smshla ilia lrkak'

zc,h iqrlsuqZ ixúOdkfha f,alï Tn hehs is;kak' m%foaYfha ck;djg uqyqK §ugisÿ j we;s mdkSh c, m%Yakh úi|Sug WÑ; jev ms<sfj<la ilik f,i b,a,ñkam%dfoaYSh f,alï;=ud fj; heùug iqÿiq ,smshla ilia lrkak'

rdcldß ,smshl wdlD;sh ii

hjkakdf.a ku" ;k;=r yd ,smskh

Èkh

,nkakdf.a ;k;=r yd ,smskh

wduka;%Kh

ud;Dldj

wka;¾.; l< hq;= lreKq

wjidkh

40

20' wdrdOkd m;%

ksmqK;dj ( 7'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka f,aLkfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 7'2 m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd f,aLk ilia lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd Ndú; lrk f,aLk kï lrhs'

iqÿiq wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKh lrhs' wruqKqj,g .e<fmk f,i wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKh lrhs' wdrdOkd m;% ks¾udKfha § Ys,amSh Wml%u Ndú; lrhs'


m%dfhda.sl Ôú;fha § fm!oa.,sl jYfhkq;a iudcuh jYfhkq;a W;aij wjia:dj,guqyqK §ug isÿ jk nj;a tys § wdrdOkd m;% ilia lsÍfï wjYH;dj u;=jk nj;aYsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

lsishï W;aij wjia:djla i|yd iyNd.s jk f,i m%N+ka" úúO mqoa.,hska" {d;Ska"ys;j;=ka fj; flfrk ,sÅ; werhqu" wdrdOkd m;%hla nj fmkajd fokak'

ux., W;aij" újD; lsÍï" úúO /iaùï" uq,a.,a ;eîï" ;r`." msxlï" ;Hd.m%odfkda;aij wdÈ úúO wjia:d wkqj wdrdOkd m;% ielfik nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wdrdOkd m;%h YsIHhkag m%o¾Ykh lrkak' ta Tiafia wdrdOkd m;%hl wksjd¾hfhka we;=<;a úh hq;= ,laIK YsIHhka iu.

idlÉPd lrkak'- wjia:dj fyda isoaêh- Èkh- fõ,djia:dkh- m%Odk wdrdê;hdf.a ku- wdrdOkd lrkafka ljfrla o hk j.- wdrdOkd lrk Èkh- ,smskh

wdrdOkd m;% ieliSfï § úfYaIfhka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= my; i|yka lreKqms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak'

- wlaIr úkHdifha ksjerÈ nj- meyeÈ,s w;a wl=re Ndú;h- ms<sfj<" l%udkql+, nj" msßisÿ nj- ixlaIsma; nj- is;a .kakdiq¨ ksudj- ks¾udKYS,S nj

weuqKqu 2ys i|yka wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'

41

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

weuqKqu 1ys i|yka wdrdOkd m;%h weuqKqu 2ys i|yka wNHdi úúO wdrdOkd m;% lssysmhla


wdrdOkd m;%hl iajNdjh úia;r lrhs' wdrdOkd m;%hl we;=<;a úh hq;= uQ,sl ,laIK y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' wdrdOkd m;% ieliSfï § Ys,amSh Wml%u Ndú; lrhs' úúO wjia:dj,g .e<fmk fia wdrdOkd m;% ilia lrhs'

42

weuqKqu 1

wdrdOkd!

ùrfoKsh

iqo¾Ys úoHd,fha

f;uy,a mqia;ld, f.dvke.s,a,

újD; lsÍu

2015 iema;eïn¾ ui 17 jeks

nodod Èk fm' j' 10'00 g

.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a

m%Odk;ajfhka

isÿ flf¾'

tu iqúfYaI wjia:djg iyNd.s jk f,i

Tn jykafiag$Tn;=udg$Tn;=ñhg

f.!rjfhka werhqï lr isáuq'

ixúOdhl uKav,h"iqo¾Ys úoHd,h"

2015'08'02 ùrfoKsh'

weuqKqu 2

Tn mdif,a j¾I wjidkfha meje;afjk ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh i|yd iyNd.s jkf,i b,a,ñka wdrdê;hska fj; heùug iqÿiq wdrdOkd m;%h ilia lrkak'

43

21' iskd l=uß ^kQ;k lú&

ksmqK;dj ( 11'0 ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd idys;H ks¾udK mßYS,kh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 11'2 idys;H ks¾udK ridiajdofha fhfohs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ks¾ÈIag lú fm< .dhkd lrhs'

lú fmf<ka èjks; jk woyia yd ye`.Sï úia;r lrhs' lú fmf<ys .eí jQ idys;Huh ,laIK idlÉPd lrhs' lú fm< ri úkaokfha fhfohs'


fm< fmdf;ys we;=<;a ziskd l=ußZ îs,s,dfrl fy,aue,s& kï jQ meÈ fm< iqÿiql%ufõohla u.ska YsIHhkag ijka §ug i,iajkak'

miqj meÈ fm< lshùug fhduq lrkak' lú fmf<ka èjks; jk woyia yd ye`.Sï ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu`. idlÉPd

lrkak' lú fm< rij;a ùug fya;= ù we;s lreKq u;= lrkak' ßoauh" ;d,h" Ndú; jpk" mßir j¾Kkd ms<sn| YsIHhkaf.a m%;spdr ,nd f.k

m%;sfmdaIKhl fhfokak' lú fm< rij;a ùug fya;= ù we;s lreKq f.dkq lr ridiajdohla ,sùug

YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

.=reNj;df.a w;sf¾l mßYS,kh iòyd -

idys;H úoHdj - tÈßùr irÉpkaø

l,amkd f,dalh - tÈßùr irÉpkaø


lú fm<g mdol jQ w;aoelSu úia;r lrhs' lú fm< rij;a ùug fya;= meyeÈ,s lrhs' lú fm< ri úkaokfha fhfohs'

44

22' ri lú f.d;uq" lú ri ú`Èuq ^moH ks¾udKh&

ksmqK;dj ( 12'0 w;aoelSï mdol lr .ksñka ks¾udK ld¾hfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 12'1 moH rpkd ks¾udKh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

úúO ldjH ks¾udKj,g mokï jQ w;aoelSï y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' moH ks¾udKfha § fhdod f.k we;s ldjH Wml%u y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' úúO wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka lú ks¾udKh lrhs'


Wiia úkaokd;aul l,d udOHhla f,i zlúhZ ms<sn| YsIHhka iu. idlÉPdlrkak'

my; i|yka lreKq flfrys YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

- lúhdf.a w;aoelSu

- lúfha wdlD;sh

- úß;

- NdIdj

- wmQ¾j;ajh

- Ôjk oDIaáh

moH ks¾udKlrKh i|yd iqÿiq w;aoelSï ms<snò YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

- fm!oa.,sl w;aoelSï

- is;=ú,s

- fmdÿ w;aoelSï

- iajdNdúl mßirfha ixisoaê

fï iòyd kso¾Yk f,i weuqKqu 1ys iòyka lú fhdod .kak' weuqKqu 2ys i|yka lú mo iïmQ¾K lsÍfï wNHdihl YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak' weuqKqu 3ys iòyka f;aud Tiafia moH ks¾udKh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak' YsIHhkaf.a moH ms<snò ks¾udK we.hSula isÿ fldg id¾:l lú" ks¾udK mqjrejg$

ì;a;s mqj;a m;g fhduq lrkak'


ldjH ks¾udKhg iqÿiq w;aoelSï y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' ldjH ks¾udKfha § ldfjHdaml%u fhdod .kshs' úúO wdlD;s Ndú; lrñka lú ks¾udKh lrhs'

45

weuqKqu 1

1' wyfia ;re je,a msß,dfmdf<dfõ iqÿ u,a msms,du.=,a f.j,a folla jf.hsfï fom<u yev .eys,d

- tia' uyskao ysñ -

2' WKq jeähehs ysref. /iaf;ud keje;e f.fkk f,ia.sfhahe jeoe uqyqÿ l=iafmfka o wdor fjfiia

- l=udr;=x. uqksodi -

3' fjila fmdah od yq<`.la fjkakgwïug lshkj y|mdfkaj,dl=<la Wv ud;a ke.S,dhkjd yeu ;rejla .dfka

- YS% pkaør;ak udkjisxy - -

4' jeys jeye,d ., wdòd nfâ Wkdwïud to;a ta ., uqÿkg u WkdrEgd .sysx mdjq, .,g;a ßÿKdwïud ;sõ ú,dmh ;ju;a wefikd

- kkaok ùrisxy -

5' fïß wïud oE; ne|f.k;j u .d:d lshkjdysf;a nqÿ isßm;=, we|f.kysf;ka meol=Kq lrkjdwdfhu;a ìu n,kjdmqxÑ fkdakd ksjka hk odksjka fodrlv f.aÜgqj <`.mdjyka fol n,df.k uuksù iekiS bkakjdtfyu b|f.k j¢kjdta msk;a uu mqxÑ fkdakgwkqfudaokd lrkjd ''''

- r;ak Y%S úfÊisxy -

6' Wmka ìug kqU jeäjd ñil ÿfõje¥ ujg kqU jeähla ù o ÿfõÿl Wyq,d bkakg ug yelsh ÿfõkeõ ke`.s,d ÿre rglg hkak ÿfõ

- ohdfiak .=Kisxy -

46

weuqKqu 2

my; iòyka lúj, ysia ;ekaj,g iqÿiq lú mo ksßudKh lrkak'

1' l¿ ySká nf;aiqjòhs we,a flf;awehs fï ksÈuf;a'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' fyakg l=Uqrg hk .eñhkafkamdi,a hk iqr;,a orejkafka''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' we;s ke;s fNaoh ke; úuikafka'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

- ldjH ks¾udKhg fmryqrejla" álsß nKavdr isf,da.u -

weuqKqu 3

my; i|yka f;aud w;ßka Tn jvd;a leu;s f;audjla f;dard f.k lú fm<la ks¾udKhlrkak'

1' wïud2' jkhl wisßh3' iqkaor isß,l4' fifkfynr .=re uEKshks$ .=re mshdfKks5' nla uy weú;a

47

23' jdlH rpkh

ksmqK;dj ( 8'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ks¾udKd;aulf,aLkfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'1 lreKq ixúOdkh lr .ksñka ud;Dldkql+, j rpkd ,shhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( ksjerÈ j rpkd iels,a,la ilia lrhs'

ks¾udKd;aul j rpkd f.dvk.hs' ud;Dldj,g wod< idrj;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrñka rpkd ,shhs' rpkd ,sùfï § NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs' rpkd ,sùfï § Ys,amSh Wml%u wkq.ukh lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia ( wdo¾Y rpkd lsysmhla weiqßka jdlH rpkd ,sùfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq

ms<snò YsIHhka iu. idlÉPdjl ksr; jkak' rpkd ud;Dldjla f;dard .ekSu ud;Dldj Tiafia lreKq /ia lsÍu' rpkd iels,a,la f.dvke.Su'

- ye¢kaùu

- wdrïNh

- rpkd YÍrh ̂ wod< lreKq&- wjidkh

iqÿiq mßÈ fþo fjka lrñka ,sùu'ks¾udKd;aul f,i;a ;¾ldkql+, f,i;a lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu'

rpkhl ;sìh hq;= Ys,amSh Wml%u meyeÈ,s lrkak'- Wla; wdLHd;h iïnkaOh

- wlaIr úkHdih

- jpk fjka lsÍu- w;a wl=re

weuqKqu 1ys i|yka ud;Dld wkqj jdlH rpkd ,sùug YsIHhska fhduq lrkak' f;dard .;a rpkd lsysmhla mka;shg bosrsm;a lr we.hSul fhfokak' id¾:l jdlH rpkd ì;a;s mqj;a m;g fhduq lrkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( wdo¾Y rpkd lsysmhla

we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh ( id¾:l jdlH rpkhl ;sìh hq;= ,laIK m%ldY lrhs' ud;Dldjlg wkqj jdlH rpkd ,shhs' rpkd ,sùfï § Ys,amSh Wml%u Ndú; lrhs'

weuqKqu 1 (my; iòyka ud;Dld w;ßka tlla f;dard f.k rpkhla ,shkak'mßirh iqrlsuq ud ÿgq iS.srsh f,dj Èkk orefjda wms fjuqfydò isß;a mqreÿ fjuq lshùfï w.h

48

24' wms ksfõok lshjuq

ksmqK;dj ( 1'0 ikaksfõokh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd Y%jK yd l:k l=i,;d M,odhs f,i fhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'5 ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ f,i ni yiqrejñka y`v md,kfhka hq;= jl;d lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

ksjerÈ j ni yiqrejñka l;d lrhs' wkHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq jk mßÈ y`v md,kfhka hqla; j l;d lrhs' ksrjq,a j yd meyeÈ,s j ;u woyia m%ldY lrhs' ixhufhka hqla; j l;d lrhs' ud;Dldjg wod< j l;d lrhs'


mdif,a úúO wjia:dj, § isÿ flfrk ksfõok ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak' tjeks ksfõokj, jeo.;alu idlÉPd lr ksfõokhl .=Kd;aul nj /l .ekSu

i|yd tu ksfõokj, ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. my; lreKq Tiafia idlÉPd lrkak' ksjerÈ j NdIdj Ndú; lsÍu' ksfõokfhka lshfjk mKsúvh f;areï .ekSug myiq jk mßÈ w¾:j;a j

y`v md,kh lsÍu' ixhuh wdrlaId lr .ksñka ksfõokhla lsÍu' ksfõokfha wka;¾.;h wkqj y`v Ndú;fha § úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï

wjYH;dj ksoiqka (

W;aijhl § wd.ñl lghq;=j, § l%Svd ;r.hl § tÈfkod isÿ flfrk ksfõokj, § lk.dgq odhl ksfõokj, §

by; i|yka wjia:d wkqj ksfõokfhys iajrEmh fjkia jk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak' YsIHhka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lsysmhlg fjka lr by; olajd we;s wjia:djla

tla tla lKavdhulg f;dard .ekSug i,iajkak' f;dard .;a ud;Dldjg wkqj ksfõokhla i|yd wjYH f;dr;=re /ia lr .ekSug

Wmfoia ,nd fokak' /ialr .;a f;dr;=re weiqfrka ksfõokhla ilia lr" tu ksfõokh mka;shg

bÈßm;a lsÍu iòyd flaj, mejreula ,nd fokak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

úúO wjia:d i|yd fhdod .kakd ksfõok$ .=jkaúÿ,s ksfõok

49


úúO ksfõok wjia:d y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' ksfõokfha wka;¾.;h wkqj bÈßm;a lsÍfï iajrEmh fjkia úh hq;= wdldrh

úia;r lrhs' ksfõokfha oS NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrhs' WÑ; f,i ni yiqrejñka y`v md,kfhka hqla; j ksfõokfha fhfohs'

50

25' f,djg ;¾ckhla jk úoHq;a wmøjH ^mqj;a m;a ,sms$ i`.rd ,sms&

ksmqK;dj ( 8'0 NdIdj ksrjq,a j yd ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ks¾udKd;aulf,aLkfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'2 mdGlhd wdl¾IKh jk mßÈ woyia bÈßm;a lrñka ks¾udKd;aulj ,shhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

ks¾udKd;aul ,smshl ,laIK y`ÿkaj hs' mdGlhd wdl¾IKh jk mßÈ ,sms ilik wdldrh úia;r lrhs' NdIdj ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ,sh hs' ì;a;s mqj;a m;a iy i`.rd i|yd ks¾udKd;aul ,sms ,shhs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

fm< fmdf;a mdvu lshùug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,nd fokak' ta weiqfrka ì;a;s mqj;a m;a $i`.rd ,smshl wvx.= lreKq yd ,sms ,shk wdldrh .ek

flá ye¢kaùula lrkak' úúO ,sms we;=<;a fldg ì;a;s mqj;a m;la ieliSug YsIHhkag Wmfoia ,nd

fokak' fuys § my; i|yka ,sms j¾. we;=<;a l< yels nj okajkak'

.oH ,smsmoH î|eia$ksi|eia&flál;dúúO f;dr;=refidhd .ekSïkj ks¾udK

ì;a;s mqj;a m; m%o¾Ykh i|yd iqÿiq ia:dkhla ms<sfh, lr fokak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

A4 lvodis

ì%iag,a fndaâ

udl¾ mEka mdg l+re


ks¾udKd;aul j ,shjqKq ,sms lshjhs' ì;a;s mqj;a m;la i|yd ,shjqKq ks¾udKd;aul ,sms w.h lrhs' ì;a;s i`.rdjla i|yd úúO ,sms ,shhs'

ì;a;s i`.rdjla ilia fldg m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

51

26' mo fn§u

ksmqK;dj ( 4'0 Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; lrñka ksjerÈ j f,aLk ld¾hfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 4'2 mo fn§fï iïu; Í;s wkq.ukh lrñka ,shhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

mo fn§fï rS;s úia;r lrhs' w¾:j;a j mo fnod ,sùfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs' ksjerÈ j mo fnod ,shhs'


mo fn§u iïnkaO 6 fY%aKsfha § W.;a lreKq isysm;a lr fokak' ksjerÈ j mo fnod ,sùu ksjerÈ w¾:djfndaOhg m%fhdackj;a jk nj ksoiqka

u.ska meyeÈ,s lrkak'ksoiqka

jerÈ ksjerÈ

fnfka lkfhla fnfkal kfhla

Tyq o l=Kq ll=< fmrg ;nd Tyq ol=K ll=< fmrg ;nd

j,a" ys" f.ka" wdÈ m%;H jpkhg tla fldg ,súh hq;= nj WodyrK weiqfrkameyeÈ,s lr fokak'Wod ( k.rhkays" .fuys" f.j,aj," l¾udka;j, Tyqf.ka " ujf.ka

fm< fmdf;a iòyka wNHij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

jerÈ iy.; mo fn§u yd ksjerÈ mo fn§u iys; fþo folla

we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh ( mo fn§u iïnkaOfhka W.;a Í;s bÈßm;a lrhs' mo fjka fldg ,sùu w.h lrhs' mo tla j ,súh hq;= ;eka m%ldY lrhs' mo fjka j ,súh hq;= ;eka m%ldY lrhs' NdId ld¾hfha § mo fjka fldg ,shhs'

f,aLk ksjerÈ lsÍfï § mo fn§fï Í;s wkq.ukh lrhs'

52

27' ils iò fmfka iufkd< ., kef.kysr

ksmqK;dj ( 9'0 ixialD;sh yd idrO¾u y÷kd .ksñka iyðjkh yd cd;sldNsudkhf.dvk.d .ekSu i|yd NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'1 ixialD;sl Wreuh yd yr moaO;s ms<sn| j wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSui|yd ,sms f,aLk mßYS,kh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

ixialD;sl Wreuh hkq l=ula oehs meyeÈ,s lrkak' ixialD;sl Wreuh .ek ,sh ù we;s ,sms f,aLk lshjhs' ixialD;sl Wreuh w.h lrñka woyia olajhs' Y%S mdoh .ek ,sheù we;s úúO ks¾udK lshjhs' Y%S mdoh ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia ( my; iòyka .S; LKavh YsIHhkag ijka §ug i,iajkak'

iufkd< .sß j<¨ ìfïuqks isßmd msfmk ysfïiu lreKd .=K uysfïwm Wm;ska ,o Wrefï

Y%S mdo wvúh yd Y%S mdo jkaokdj ms<sn| idlÉPdjla f.dvk.kak' Y%S mdoh ms<sn| fM;sydisl f;dr;=re' Y%S mdo jkaokh iu. ne£ we;s úúO isß;a úß;a' Y%S mdo idys;Hh ^ck lú" ck .S" ck m%jdo" fjk;a fmd; m;&ffcj moaO;shla jYfhka YS% mdo wvúfha jeo.;alu' fjk;a wd.ñlhkaf.a mQckSh ia:dkhla jYfhka o ie,flk nj'

iqÿiq mßÈ YsIHhka lKavdhï lrkak' weuqKqu 1ys i|yka l%shdldrlïj, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'


Y%S mdoh ixialD;sl Wreuhla f,i y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs' Y%S mdofha ixialD;sl Wreuh w.h lrhs' Y%S mdoh weiqfrka ìys jQ idys;H ks¾udK tla /ia lrhs' Y%S mdoh cd;sl Wreuhla f,i /l .ekSfï jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'

weuqKqu 1 (mejreu - Y%S mdoh yd ne÷Kq isß;a úß;a f.dkq lrkak' Y%S mdoh ffcj moaO;shla jYfhka wdrlaId lr .ekSfï jákdlu bÈßm;a lrkak' Y%S mdoh weiqfrka ks¾udKh ù we;s idys;Hh ks¾udK tla /ia lrkak' Y%S mdoh ms<snò f;dr;=re we;=<;a fmd;a msxpla ks¾udKh lrkak'

53

28' ;ks mo


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 5'1 jdlafldaISh oekqu m%o¾Ykh lrhs

ld,Éfþo ( 02 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

;ks mo y÷kd f.k m%ldY lrhs' ;ks moj, iajNdjh úia;r lrhs' f,aLkfha § ;ks mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'


;ks mo hkq l=ula oehs y÷kajd fokak' ^fï ms<sn| úia;r uQ,sl joka $ ixl,amhgf;a we;=<;a fõ'&

;ks mo lsysmhla kso¾Yk f,i bÈßm;a lrkak' rd;%sfhys yeisfrk - ksYdpr iudk fkdjk $ ioDY fkdjk - wioDY l< .=K fkd i,lk - wlD;{ wmdhg flfkl= f.k hd yels - wmdh.dñ Wm;ska ,o kqjK - iynqoaêh

weuqKfuys i|yka jdlHj, wod< fldgia i|yd ;ks mo fhdod jdlH kej;,sùfï l%shdldrlul YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'


;ks mo - mo lsysmhlska fyda jdlHdxYhlska fyda oelafjk woyila tl mohlska m%ldY lsÍuhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

weuqKqu wxl 1ys oelafjk wNHdih


;ks mo hkq fudkjd±hs úia;r lrhs' ;ks mo fhdod jdlH ks¾udKh lrhs' ;ks mo tla /ia lrhs'

54

weuqKqu - 1

my; i|yka jdlHj, ;o l`M wl=ßka uqøs; mo i|yd iqÿiq ;ks mo jrykska f;dard jdlH kej;,shkak'

1' fndfyda ÿr olsk kdhlfhda iudchg hym;la lrkafkda h'

2' Wm;ska ,o kqjKla iys; ufy!IO m`ä;=ud trg fndfyda .eg¨ úi÷fõ h'

3' ysre wjrg hdfuka miq wdydr wkqNj lsÍu NslaIQka jykafiag wlem h'

4' ish foaYhg úreoaO l%shdjkays kshe,Su kqiqÿiq h'

5' mqrdK ld,hg wh;a idys;Hh fmd;a m;a mßYS,kh NdId fmdaIKhg bjy,a fõ'

6' my jQ rd. laf,aY we;s W;=fuda w;S; ,xldfjys úiQy'

7' ðú;h hym;a lr .ekSu i|yd wkHhka fok WmfoaY isyskqjKska ms<smeÈh hq;= h'

8' l=reKE., rdcOdksh m¾j; wdÈfhka jg ù ;snQ ksid rcjrekag wdrlaId iys; ia:dkhlaúh'

9' kdgHhl m%Odk wruqK jkafka ri ckkh lsÍu hs'

10' fkdfhla foaYhkays ießierE NslaIqjl jQ mdyshka ,xldjg o meñKsfha h'

^rfida;am;a;sh" .sßÿ¾." foaYdgl" mfrdamfoaY" ¥ro¾Ys" úld,fNdackh" fm!rdKsl" foaYfødays"iynqoaêh" kslaf,aYs&

55

29' iqok .=K ^f,dafldamldrh yd ;srelal=r,a&


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'2 fmd; m; mßYS,kfhka idrO¾u j¾Okh lr .kshs'

ld,Éfþo ( 08 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

WmfoaY .%ka:j,ska ksrEms; idrO¾u y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' idrO¾u w¾:l:kh lrhs' m%dfhda.sl Ôú;hg idrO¾u Wmfhda.s jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs' WmfoaY .%ka:j, we;=<;a idrO¾u wkq.ukh lrhs'


mdvfï i|yka lú mka;s fol YsIHhkag Y%jKh lsÍug i,iajkak' wk;=re j tu lú mka;s ms<snò idlÉPd lrkak' YsIHhka lKavdhï follg fnokak' m<uq jk lKavdhug f,dafldamldrfha moHj, we;=<;a idrO¾u igyka lr

.ekSug i,iajkak' fo jk lKavdhug ;srelal=r,a lúj, we;=<;a idrO¾u igyka lr .ekSug

i,iajkak' ieu lúhl u we;s Wmud tla/ia lsÍug lKavdhï fol fhduq lrkak' ta wkqj lKavdhï folg zl<.=K ie,lSuZ iy ziqok .=KZ hk ud;Dld fol

hgf;a ;u wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj i,id fokak' iudf,dapkfha fhfokak' m%dfhda.sl ðú;hg fï idrO¾u Wmfhda.S jk whqre meyeÈ,s lrkak' idrO¾u we;=<;a fjk;a WmfoaYd;aul ldjH .%ka: lshùug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'


idrO¾u - iudch úiska hym;a hehs ie,flk .=Kdx.

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

f,dafldamldrh - ;srelal=r,a -


idrO¾u we;=<;a WmfoaY .%ka: y`ÿkd f.k kï lrhs' idrO¾u w¾:l:kh lrhs' hym;a Ôú;hlg idrO¾u wjYH nj meyeÈ,s lrhs' mdvfï tk idrO¾u y`ÿkajhs' lú fmf<ys we;s Wmud ,shd olajhs'

56

30' ud ÿgq uq,a ysre fmkajQ ,xld ^foaYdNsudkS .S;h&

ksmqK;dj ( 9'0 ixialD;sh yd idrO¾u y÷kd .ksñka iyÔjkh yd cd;sldNsudkhf.dvk`.d .ekSu i|yd NdIdj Ndú; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 9'3 foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk idys;H ks¾udK weiqre lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk moH ks¾udK y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' foaYdNsudkS .S;fhka èjks; jk woyia w.h lrhs' .S;fha foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk wjia:d Wmqgd olajhs' foaYdNsudkS .S;h ms<sn| ridiajdohla bÈßm;a lrhs'


foaYdNsudkh okjk .S;hlg ijka §ug i,iajñka foaYdNsudkS .S;hlskan,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wruqKq ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu`. idlÉPdjl fhfokak'

tys § my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'- rplhd fhdod f.k we;s w;aoelSu- foaYsNsudkh oekùu i|yd rplhd fhdod f.k we;s NdIdj- foaYdNsudkh oekùu i|yd rfÜ iajNdúl iïm;a" mßirh" Y%S úN+;sh" w;S; Wreuh wd§ úúO lafIa;% fhdod .; yels nj fmkajd fokak'

zud ÿgq uq,aysre fmka jQ ,xldZ .S;h ijka §ug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak' .S;h .ek YsIHhkaf.a woyia úuiñka fuu .S;h ks¾udKfhka úia;r flfrk

w;a±lSu ms<snò idlÉPd lrkak' ta i|yd rplhd fhdod f.k we;s NdIdj yd ldjH Wml%u meyeÈ,s lrkak' .S;h kej; ijka §ug fhduq lrkak' YsIHhka ijka ÿka .S; tl;= lr foaYdNsudkS .S fmd;la ks¾udKh lrjkak' ;uka f;dard .;a foaYdNsudkS .S;hla ms<sn| j woyia m%ldY lsÍug wjia:djla ,nd

fokak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

foaYdNsudkS .S;


foaYdNsudkS ye`.Sï okjk .S; kï lrhs' foaYdNsukS .S;j,g ijka § w.h lrhs' foaYdNsudkS .S;j,g ijkafohs' foaYdNsudkS .S; /ia lrhs'

57

31' ÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughs ^.=jkaúÿ,s jevigyk&

ksmqK;dj ( 1'0 ikaksfõokh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd Y%jK yd l:k l=i,;dM,odhS f,i fhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'4 idjOdk j ijka § f;dr;=re /ia lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

idjOdk j ijka § jeo.;a f;dr;=re igyka lr .kshs' igyka lr .;a f;dr;=re wjia:dkql+, j bÈßm;a lrhs' .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl wka;¾.;h w.h lrhs' /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs'


.=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl iajrEmh ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak' .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyklg ijka §ug fmr ta i|yd iqÿiq Wmfoia ,nd fokak' tys § ksYaYío;dj" udkisl ixhuh" iqÿiq mßirh ilia lr .ekSu" wjYH

f;dr;=re igyka lr .ekSu wdÈ lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak' zÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughsZ .=jkaúÿ,s jevigykg ijka §fuka wk;=re j tu jev

igyk weiqfrka YsIHhkaf.ka jdÑl m%Yak wid YsIHhkaf.a ijka §fï yelshdjms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

fujeks jevigyka y÷kd f.k ijka §ug;a f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug;a fhduq lrkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

uydpd¾h fÊ' î' Èidkdhlf.a zÿx ÿughs w`.=re ughsZ ^;=kam;a rgd& .=jkaúÿ,sjevigyfka ixhqla; ;eáhla


.=jkaúÿ,s jevigykl iajrEmh y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' .=jkaúÿ,s jevigyklg ijka §u i|yd fmr iQodku w.h lrhs' jeo.;a f;dr;=re u;lfha ;nd f.k igyka lr .kshs' /ia lr .;a f;dr;=re wjiaf:daÑ; mßÈ Ndú; lrhs'

58

32' úfYaIK mo



ld,Éfþo ( 03 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

úfYaIK mo y÷kd f.k úia;r lrhs' úfYaIK moj, iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs' f,aLkfha § úfYaIK mo w¾:j;a j Ndú; lrhs'


úúO mo j¾. w;r úfYaIK mo hkak meyeÈ,s lr fokak'- WodyrK i|yd my; i|yka jdlH fhdod .kak'olaI ßheÿre r:h fõ.fhka mojhs'f,dl= whshd mdvu Yío k.d lshjhs'wfma wïud rig Whhs'

kdu mohla fyda l%shd mohla j¾Kkd lsÍu i|yd fyda úia;r lsÍu i|yd fydafhdok moh úfYaIK mo nj fmkajd fokak'

kshñ; mdvu ksy`v j lshjd .ekSug i,iajkak' fuys § m%Odk w¾:h fok moh zúfYaIHhZ f,i;a j¾Kkd flfrk moh ZúfYaIKhZ

f,i;a i,lk nj meyeÈ,s lr fokak' WodyrK lsysmhla u.ska th ;j ÿrg;a ;yjqre lrkak'weuqKqfuys we;=<;a wNHdij, YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'


úfYaIK mo hkq fudkjd oehs meyeÈ,s lrkak' kdu úfYaIK yd l%shd úfYaIK i|yd WodyrK bÈßm;a lrhs' úfYaIK mo fhdod jdlH ,shhs' NdId Ndú;fha § úfYaIK mo fhdoñka ni rij;a lr .kshs'

59

weeuqKqu 1

my; i|yka kdu mo i|yd iqÿiq úfYaIK mo ysia;efkys ,shkak'

1' ñksid

2' mqgqj

3' fjf<kaod

4' lïlrejd

5' u,

2' my; i|yka l%shd mo i|yd iqÿiq úfYaIK mo yska;efkys ,shkak'

1' kghs'

2' ÿjhs'

3' ,shhs'

4' i,lhs'

5' mjihs'

3' my; i|yka jdlHj, ysia;ekaj, iqÿiq úfYaIK mo fhdokak'

1' wlald u,a,sf. we÷ï fiaÿjd h'

2' mQid fnda,h fmr<hs'

3' ydjd fld< lEfõ h'

4' n,a,d mQid iu`. fi,a,ï lrhs'

5' u,a,S mqgqjg ke.af.a h'

60

33' ilia lg fkdlS lg ^Yío k.d lshùu&

ksmqK;dj ( 2'0 Ôjk w;aoelSï mq`M,a lr .ekSu i|yd lshùfï mqreÿ w¾:j;a jfhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 2'1 ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka yd y`v md,kfhka hq;= j Yío k.dlshjhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

ksjerÈ WÉpdrKfhka hq;= j lshjhs' ksjerÈ y`v md,kfhka hq;= j lshjhs' wjfndaOfhka hq;= j Yío k.d lshjhs' úrdu ,l=Kqj,g wjk; j lshjhs' ukd fõ.hla mj;ajd .ksñka lshjhs'


mka;sfha ish¨ u isiqka l=vd lKavdhï lsysmhlg fnod tla tla lKavdhulgmy; i|yka bf.kqï øjH ,nd fokak'Yaf,dalhla ^weuqKqfuys i|yka fõ' Yío k.d lshùu i|yd muKs'&mqj;am;a jd¾;djlafm< fmdf;a mdvu

y`v md,kfhka hq;= j lshùfï § ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. bf.kqï m,j,g wkqj úia;rlrkak'

fnod fok ,o lshùï øjH lshùu i|yd yqreùug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd fokak' lKavdhï jYfhka yqre jQ lshùu flaj,j bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

weuqKqfuys i|yka Yaf,dal

mqj;am;a jd¾;d lsysmhla


jpk ksjerÈ j WÉpdrKh lrhs' m%udKj;a fõ.hlska hq;= j lshjhs' úrdu ,l=Kqj,j wjk; j lshjhs' wka;¾.;hg WÑ; f,i ye`.Sï m%o¾Ykh lrñka wjfndaOfhka hq;= j lshjhs'

61

weuqKqu 01

Yaf,dal

1' iaj.Dfya mqcHf;a uQ¾L(iaj.%dfï mQcHf;a m%N+(iajfoafYa mQcHf;a rdcd

úoajdka i¾j;% mQcHf;a

2' wdpd¾hd;a mdo udo;af;amdox YsIHhï iajfïOhdmdox iín%yaupdÍkdïmdox ld,l%fïk p

3' Woafhdaf.akys isoaOHka;s

ld¾hdks k ufkdarff:(k ys iqma;iH isxyiH

m%úYka;s uqfL uD.d(

4' Yaf,dald¾fOk m%plaIHdó

hÿla;x .%ka: fldaáIq

mfrdmldr( mqKHdh

mdmdh mrmSvkï

Yaf,dalj, w¾:h ^.=rejrhdf.a m%fhdackh i|yd muKs'&

1' fudavhd ish ksjfia § ms§ug ,la fõ'm%N+jrhd ish .fuys § ms§ug ,la fõ'rc;=ud ish rfgys § ms§ug ,la fõ'úoaj;d ish¨ ;ekays § ms§ug ,la fõ'

2' .=rejrhdf.ka tla fldgila bf.k.; hq;= h'tla fldgila ish kqjKska wjfndaO lghq;= h'tla fldgila tla j yeisfrk whf.ka bf.k .; hq;= h';j;a fldgila ld,hdf.a wjEfuka bf.k.; hq;= h'

3' ish¨ is;=ï me;=ï yd ld¾h W;aidyfhka u bgq fõ'ksod.;a isxyhdf.a lgg isõmdfjda fkd mssúfi;a'

4' fldaá .Kkla jk .%ka:j, lshQ foa Yaf,dal Nd.hlska lshñ'mfrdamldrh mska msKsi fõ' mrmSvkh mdmh msKsi fõ'

62

34' úrdu ,l=Kq

ksmqK;dj ( 4'0 Ys,amSh m%fhda. Ndú; lrñka ksjerÈ j f,aLk ld¾hfha fhfohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 4'1 úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lrñka ,shhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j kï lrhs'

úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j fhdoñka f,aLkfha fhfohs' úrdu ,l=Kq ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfï jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lrhs'


weuqKqfuys i|yka mßÈ flá br fhfok ;eka ksoiqka u.ska myokak' weuqKqfï i|yka mßÈ we, br fhfok ;eka ksoiqka u.ska myokak' weuqKqfï i|yka mßÈ fo;s; fhfok ;eka ksoiqka u.ska myokak' fï i|yd weuqKqu 1 fhdod .kak'my; i|yka wNHdifhys YsIHhka ksr; lrjkak'

wNHdih -flá br" we, br" fo;s; ksjerÈ j fhdod my; i|yka jdlH kej; ,shkak'

1' mshd uj orejd /l n,d .kshs'2' úÿy,am;s;=ñh úÿy,am;s;=ud W;aijhg meñfKhs'3' f,aLlhd f,aÅldj fmd;la ,shhs'4' mqiai ì|skjd ksIaM, fohla lsÍu'5' Tjqka w;r uqo,a fn§ hd hq;af;a 5 3 wkqmd;h wkqj nj i,lkak'6' úu,a oikdhl uy;d 1978 1984 olajd zm%.;sZ úoHd,fha fiajh lf<a h'7' Ñ;% m%o¾Ykh fm' j' 8'00 m' j' 6'00 olajd meje;afõ'7' fld<U uykqjr ud¾.h m%;sixialrKh flf¾'


y÷kd .;a úrdu ,laIK kï lrhs' úrdu ,laIKj, iajNdjh meyeÈ,s lrhs' úrdu ,laIK ksjerÈ j f,aLkfha fhdohs' úrdu ,laIK fhÈh hq;= ;eka m%ldY lrhs'

weuqKqu 1

isxy,fhys úrdu ,laIK ye¢kaùu i|yd my; i|yka ksoiqka mka;sfhys m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

flá br - mo ixhqla; j Ndú; flfrk úg wfkHdakH iïnkaO;dj oelaùfï §

Wod (- iudc - foaYmd,k in|;dmdi, - bf.kqï" b.ekaùï uOHia:dkhls'

63

ld, mßÉfþo oelaùfï §

Wod (- nq' j' 2500 - 5000 olajdl%s' j' 1948 - 1972 olajd

hï fma<shl jpkhla ,sùug bv u| jQ l,ays tu jpkfha fldgila my< fma<sfha ,sùfï§

Wod (- wjfndaOd;a- -ul

úuis,s- -u;a

we, br$ úl,am ^fjk;a& jHjydr oelaùfï §

Wod (- mekaif,ka$mEfkka$meyeÈ,s j ,shkak'.re iajdókajykai$uy;auhdfKks$uy;añhks

fo;s; ( .Ks; m%ldYkhl wkqmd; oelaùfï §

Wod (- fuu fo`Mï f.ä m%udKh hy`Mjka fofokd w;r 4 ( 8 wkqmd;hg fnod olajkak'

64

35' mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq ^ksYAYío lshùu&

ksmqK;dj ( 2'0 Ôjk w;aoelSï mq`M,a lr .ekSu i|yd lshùfï mqreÿ w¾:j;a j fhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 2'3 ksYaYío j lshjd wjfndaO lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

w¾:djfndaOfhka hq;= j fmd; m; lshjhs' lshjd wjfndaO lr .;a lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs' lshùfuka ,;a oekqu wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs'


ksy`v j lshùfï m%fhdack ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak' tys § my; i|yka lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' ld,h m%fhdackj;a f,i fhdod .ekSug lshùu bjy,a lr .; yels ùu' oekqu mq`M,a lr .ekSug yelshdj we;s lr .ekSu' f;dr;=re /ia lsÍfï yelshdj' úpdrd;aul Ñka;khg fhduq ùu wdÈ iqúfYaI yelshd we;s lr .; yels ùu'

'mqia;ld,hg msh k.uq' mdvu ksy`v j lshjd .ekSug i,iajkak' wka;¾.; f;dr;=re /ia lr .ekSug fhduq lrkak' jeo.;a lreKq u;lfha ;nd .ekSug fyda igyka lr .ekSug fyda fhduq lrkak' mdvfuka yuq jk w¨;a jpk y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak' tajdfha w¾:h meyeÈ,s lrkak' tu jpk fhdod jdlH ks¾udK lsÍug fhduq lrkak'


fmd; m; lshjd woyia m< lrhs' lshùfuka .%yKh lr .;a f;dr;=re w.h lrhs' fmd; m; lshùfuka ,o oekqu wjiaf:daÑ; j Ndú; lrhs' ld,h m%fhdackj;a mßÈ fhdod .ekSu i|yd fmd; m; lshjhs'

65

36' f;dmams fjf<kaod ^fonia rpkh&


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 12'3 kdgH msgm;a rpkfha fhfohs'

ld,Éfþo ( 08 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d iys; l;d jia;=jla f;dard .kshs' f;dard.;a l;d jia;=fõ kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d fm< .iajhs' kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:djla i|yd fonia rpkd lrhs'


fidau,;d iqnisxy uy;añhf.a "f;damams fjf<kaod" kdgHfha fldgila keröug$ lshùug i,iajkak'

fuu kdgHh i|yd fhdod f.k we;s l;dkaorh úia;r lrkak' l;dkaorhl isoaê lsysmhla mokï lr f.k kdgHh f.dv k.d we;s wdldrh

meyeÈ,s lrkak' kdgH ks¾udKfha § m%Odk l;djg ydkshla fkdjk mßÈ ks¾udKd;aul j wx.

tl;= lr we;s wdldrh fmkajd fokak' ta i|yd kdgHfha fm< weiqre lr .kak' kdgHh i|yd NdIdj yeisr úh hq;= wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' ;uka okakd l;djla $w;a±lSula f;dard f.k kdgHhla ks¾udKh lsÍug iqÿiq

isoaê y÷kd .ekSug fhduq lrkak' f;dard .;a isoaêhla mdol lr f.k kdfgHdaÑ; fonia ks¾udKhg fhduq lrkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

f;dmams fjf<kaod ^kdgH fm< $ DVD & - fidau,;d iqnisxy


kdgH i|yd WÑ; l;d jia;=jla y÷kd f.k bÈßm;a lrhs' l;d jia;=j, kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d w.h lrhs' WÑ; whqßka NdIdj Ndú; lrhs' f;dard .;a isoaêhla weiqfrka fonia ks¾udKh lrhs'

66

37' hy¿fjda ^B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud&

ksmqK;dj ( 10'0 idys;ahsl" od¾Yksl" úoHd;aul yd ;dlaIKsl f;dr;=re w;=<;aks¾udK mßYS,kfhka ,nd .;a oekqu úúO NdId ld¾hhka i|ydfhdod .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 10'1 idys;ahsl" od¾Yksl f;dr;=re we;=<;a ,sms f,aLk weiqre lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

B'ví' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| ,shjqKq ,sms f,aLk lshjhs' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs' wÈldrï;=udf.ka isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs


B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| fm<fmdf;ys mdvu lshùug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak' B' ví' wÈldrï;=udf.a wúysxidjd§ ms<sfj; m%lg flfrk weuqKqu 1 yd 2ys

i|yka l;d YsIHhkag bÈßm;a lrkak' B' ví' wÈldrï;=udf.a wúysxidjd§ woyia ms<sn| j YsIHhkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq

lrkak' wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| j fm<fmdf;a mdvfuka iy fuys § we;s fÊoj,ska biau;=

jk lreKq ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak' YsIHhka lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak' my; i|yka l%shdldrlïj, ksr; lrjkak'

1 B' ví,sõ wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| j f;dr;=re tla/ia lrkak' t;=udf.awjOdkh fhduq jQ úIh lafIa;% y÷kajkak'

2 wÈldrï;=udf.ka wOHdmk lafIa;%hg isÿ jQ fiajh meyeÈ,s lrkak'3 wÈldrï;=udf.a wdo¾Yu;a ls%hd ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrkak'4 mßirfõÈhl= f,i wÈldrï;=ud bÈßm;a l< woyia f.dkq lr olajkak'

YsIH bÈßm;a lsÍïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak' wjYH m%;sfmdaIK ,nd fokak'


wÈldrï;=ud ms<sn| f;dr;=re bosrsm;a lrhs' wÈldrï;=udf.a od¾Yksl woyia y`ÿkd f.k úia;r lrhs' wÈldrï;=udf.ka isÿ jQ fiajh w.h lrhs' wÈldrï;=ud ms<snò jeäÿr f;dr;=re tla /ia lrhs'

weuqKqu 1

Èkla WoEikska .ukla hdu i|yd ;u fudag¾ r:hg ke.=Kq B' ví' wÈldrï;=ud ÿgqfõ mdryryd .uka lrk l+ô ?kls' tu l+ô ?k u. yer hdug wka Èidjla fkdù h' l+ô ?k u;ska ;ufudag¾ r:h meo jqjfyd;a l+ôkag isÿ úh yels wk¾:h i,ld ;u fudag¾ r:h .rdcfha kj;dnifhka ;u .uk hdu i|yd msg;a úh'

67

weuqKqu 2

tla Èkla nKavdrfj, Whfka .ila hg nxl=jla u;=fhys jdä ù fndfyda fõ,djla n,disáfhñ' bÈßfhys jQ msÜgksfha tyd fuyd mshdUñka lsß,a,shla ;u lEor megjdg lEu lejqjdh' w,i f,i fyñka weúÈñka ;Kfld< lld isá fokla tys úh' ta l=re,a,ka o yrl=ka omsÜgksfha ;K fld< o Whk wjg ;sfnk .ia o wE; fmfkk l÷ iy m;ka o ud o tl uiajNdj O¾ufha tlsfklg fjka l< fkdyels wjhj nj fudfyd;lg fmkS .sfha h jpkfhkam%ldY l< fkdyels m%S;shla yd lk.dgqjla o tlg fj,S ud is; je<| .;af;a h'

^wdpd¾h wÈldrïf.a u;l igyka - chka; úfÊúl%u" 2004" weia f.dvf.a&

68

38' fmd,a ,o ieá ^m%nkaO rpkh&


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 12'2 ks¾udKd;aul m%nkaOlrKfha fhfohs'

ld,Éfþo ( 05 hs'

bf.kqï m, (

w;aoelSï weiqfrka m%nkaOhl iels,a,la f.dv k.hs' WÑ; pß; f;dard .ekSfï yelshdj m%o¾Ykh lrhs' m%nkaOlrKfha § NdIdj ks¾udKd;aul j Ndú; lrhs' m%nkaO ks¾udKh lrhs'


fm<fmdf;a i|yka zfmd,a ,o ieáZ mdvu lshùug YsIHhkag wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

my; i|yka m%Yak k.ñka tu m%nkaOfha ks¾udKd;aul f,i ni yiqrejd we;swdldrh YsIhhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak'

1' udkd kï mqreIhdf.a iqúfYaI ,laIK fudkjd o@2' kshx iufha iajrEmh m%ldY lr we;af;a flfia o@3' Tjqka ÿgq .fiys ,laIK fudkjd o@

weuqKu 1ys i|yka j we;s l;d iels,a, iqÿiq l%ufõohlska YsIHhskag bÈßm;alrkak' iels,af,a tlsfkl wxl m%nkaOfha § f.dvke.S we;s whqre .fõIKhgwjia:dj ,nd fokak' m%nkaOhl isoaê iúia;rd;aul j yd ks¾udKd;aul jf.dvk.k wdldrh fï weiqßka fmkajd fokak'

mka;sh l=vd lKavdhïj,g fnokak' weuqKqu 2ys i|yka l;d jia;= lsysmhl iels,s lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak' ;u lKavdhug ,efnk iels,a, weiqfrka m%nkaOhla ks¾udKh lsÍug YsIHhkag

wjia:dj ,nd fokak' lKavdhïj, id¾:l m%nkaO ì;a;s mqj;am;g fhduq lrkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

m%nkafOdamfoaYh - l=udr;=x. uqksodi

m%nkaO ix.%yh - l=udr;=x. uqksodi


m%nkaO rpkd lshjhs' iels,a,la weiqßka m%nkaOla rpkd lrk wdldrh idlÉPd lrhs' m%nkaOlrKfha Ys,amSh m%fhda. y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs' iels,a,la weiqßka m%nkaO rpkd lrhs'

69

weuqKqu 1

fmd,a ,o ieá - l;d iels,a,

1' udkd kï ov kdhlhd - Tyqf.a msßi - fo ;sia fokd - Èk m;d ovhï'

2' kshx iufha Èfkle uy jkfha ovhu - uy odj,a msmdidj - Èh fiú,a,'

3' jk ueoe .i - isyska È. l| - mshd m;a jeks fld< - uy;a ie<s jeks f.ä'

4' .ig we§u - f.äfhle kgqj uy;a W;aidyfhka lemSu - f.äh uy y`äka ìu ySu'

5' tll= f.äfha uqyqK fmdfrdfjlska fndfyda fõ,d lmd isÿre lsÍu - W,am;

6' ;=ka ;sia fokdg ue meka - b;sß mekska tll= kdjd msßiqÿ lsÍu'

7' jEhla § Tyq f.äh ;=<g heùu - Tyq u| ieie msgm;g §u - ish,a,kaf.a nv .sks ksùu'

8' ta msßi miq ld,fhle § ta .iska f.ähla f.ke f.dia .fï jeùu - le,Efõ § t ;rï

f,dl= f.ä .fï § l=vd ùu'

^m%nkafOdamfoaYh" l=udr;=x. uqksodi&

weuqKqu 2

l;d iels,s

1' j,ia fldf<dx onrh

1' j,fila ksodf.k isáhs' fldf<dx .ilska Èrd.sh w;a;la leã j,id u; jefÜ' fldf<dx.i ;udg myr ÿkakehs lsmqKq j,id .ig ffjr n¢hs'

2' lr;a;hlg frdaohla fidhk lr;a;lrefjl= iqÿiq .ila fidhd weúÈhs' frdaoj,g iqÿiq.ila f,i fldf<dx .i fmkajhs'

3' lr;a;lre .i lmkakg ierfihs' .fiys isá rela foúfhla fldf<dx ,Sh iú jkakgkï j,iaiula nekao hq;= nj lshhs'

4' lr;a;lre ksYaYío j u .i lmhs' fldf<dx .iska m<s.;af;a hehs i;=gq jQ j,id <`.gù n,d isá' lr;alre j,idg o fmdfrda myrla fohs'

5' lr;a;lre .i lmd j,ia iu lf|a n¢hs' t;eka mgka j,iaiq fldf<dx .ig ffjr

nekaod¨'

70

2' mqreÿ yKñáh

1' msg m<d;lg f.dia tk hy`Mfjda fofofkls' Tjqyq yK ñá folla lr.y f.k t;s'

2' w;r u. yK kQ,a fkdñ,fha fok ;ekls' fofokdf.ka tl wfhla yK ñáh w;yer

yK kQ,a .kshs' wfkld ud fuf;la f.kd yK ñáh flfia w;yßïoehs lshd fkdf.k

isáhs'

3' fkdñ,fha yK frÈ fok ;ekla yuqfõ' yK kQ,a f.k wd hy`Mjd kQ,a w;yer frÈ

.kshs' fojekakd yK ñáhu /f.k hhs'

4' mgms<s fok ;ekla yuqfõ' fofokd u fmr fia u l<y' rka ß§ uq;= ueKsla u. §

yuqfõ' fofokd u fmr fia u lr;s'

5' m<uqjekakd wjidkfha i;=gqg m;a fõ ' fojekakd iqiqï fy<hs' iuyre ;u u;fhys

u t,a,S isá;s' kqjKe;af;da jvd jákd foh ÿgq úg .ks;s'

^m%nkafOdamfoaYh" msgqj" l=udr;=x. uqksodi&

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isxy, NdIdj yd idys;Hhnie.lk/pdffiles/tg/s7tim174.pdf · 2016-11-02 · uÜgulg .ekS u i|yd Woõ jk " myiql ï i,ik .= re N+ñ ldjg ls ish ï m% fõYhl a i|yd k¾udKh jk .re ud¾f.dmfoY