JAD-RAD

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

1/46

Sanjoy Barman Ray

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

2/46

Understand the proposed project Ensure that the project will support business

requirements

Build a solid foundation for systemdevelopment

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

3/46

Analytical skills Identify problem, evaluate the key elements, and

develop a useful solution

Interpersonal skills Work with, balance conflicting needs of users, and

communicate effectively

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

4/46

Joint Application Development (JAD) Rapid Application Development (RAD)

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

5/46

JAD is a team-oriented technique for fact-finding and requirements modeling

In other words, JAD is a popular fact-findingtechnique that brings users into thedevelopment process as active participants

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

6/46

A JAD team may include users, managers, ITprofessionals who works together to identifyand document requirements for a new system

The objective is to analyze the existingsystem, work on potential solutions, andagree on requirements for the new system.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

7/46

JAD Participants and Roles JAD participants should be insulated from the

distraction of day-to-day operations

Objective is to analyze the existing system, obtain

user input and expectations, and document userrequirements for the new system

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

8/46

JAD Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages

Allows key users to participate effectively

When properly used, JAD can result in a moreaccurate statement of system requirements, abetter understanding of common goals, and astronger commitment to the success of the newsystem

Disadvantages More expensive and can be cumbersome if the

group is too large relative to the size of theproject

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

9/46

Advantages More accurate statement of system requirements

Better understanding of common goals

Stronger commitment to the success of the new

system

Disadvantages More expensive

Can be cumbersome if the group is too large

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

10/46

Systems development methodologycreated to radically decrease the timeneeded to design and implementinformation systems radically.

Five key factors1. Extensive user involvement2. Joint Application Design sessions3. Prototyping

4. Integrated CASE tools5. Code generators

19.10

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

11/46

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

12/46

RAD is a general strategy rather than asingle methodology

Goals To analyze a business process rapidly To design a viable system solution through

intense cooperation between users anddevelopers To get the finished application into the

hands of the users quickly Traditional SDLC steps are followed, but

phases are combined Iteration is limited to design anddevelopment phases

19.12

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

13/46

User involvement is key to success

Prototyping is conducted in sessionssimilar to Joint Application Design (JAD)

Prototyping screens become screenswithin the production system

CASE tools are used to design theprototypes

19.1

3

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

14/46

Martins pillars of RAD Four pillars

Tools People Methodology Management

Conversion to RAD within organization shouldbe done with a small group of well-trainedand dedicated professionals, called a RAD cell

Over time, cell can grow until RAD is the

predominant approach of the informationsystems unit

19.1

4

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

15/46

McConnells pillars of RAD (continued) Development mistakes

Weak personnel Employees that are not as well trained in skills necessary for

success of the project

Silver-bullet syndrome Occurs when developers believe that a new and untried

technology is all that is needed to cure the ills of anydevelopment project

Feature creep

More and more features are added to a system over course ofdevelopment

Requirements gold-plating Project may have more requirements than needed

19.1

5

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

16/46

Software tools Case tools can be used for

Prototyping

Code generation

Example: COOL:Gen Visual Development Environments

Visual Basic

Delphi

19.1

6

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

17/46

Martins RAD Life Cycle Systems requirement determination is done in

context of a discussion of business problems andbusiness areas

User Design End users and IS professionals participate in JAD

workshops CASE tools are used to support prototyping

Construction Designer creates code using code generator End user validates screens and other aspects of design

Cutover New system is delivered to end users

19.17

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

18/46

Inprise/Borlands Delphi U.S. Navy Fleet Modernization

Requirements Move from three character-based systems to a unified,

GUI-based system based on a single database Reasons for choosing Delphi

Support for rapid prototyping

Promise of re-use of components

Outcome System developed in 6 months

Estimated development savings of 50 percent

New system resulted in immediate 20 percent savingsdue to reduced maintenance costs

19.18

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

19/46

Inprise/Borlands Delphi (continued) First National Bank of Chicago

Electronic Federal Tax Payment System

Delphi enabled rapid prototyping and development

10 months of development time

125 programmers

250 million rows of data and 55 gigabytes of dataon-line

19.19

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

20/46

VisualAge for Java Comdata

Modular Over the Road System (MOTRS) IBM Global Services chosen as vendor Servlets

Programming modules that expand the functions of theWeb server

Applets Embedded code run from client browser

Nine months to completion Three months of research Three months of coding Three months of testing

19.20

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

21/46

Kendall & Kendall 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall

6-

21

The three broad phases to RAD are : Requirements planning.

RAD design workshop.

Implementation.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

22/46


6-

22

Users and analysts meet to identify objectivesof the application or system

Oriented toward solving business problems

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

23/46


6-

23

Design and refine phase. Use group decision support systems to help users

agree on designs.

Programmers and analysts can build and show

visual representations of the designs andworkflow to users.

Users respond to actual working prototypes.

Analysts refine designed modules based on user

responses.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

24/46


6-

24

As the systems are built and refined, the newsystems or partial systems are tested andintroduced to the organization.

When creating new systems, there is no needto run old systems in parallel.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

25/46

RAD is a team-based technique that speedsup information systems developments.

Like JAD, RAD uses a group approach, butgoes much further.

RAD resembles a condensed version of theentire SDLC, with users involved every step ofthe way.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

26/46

Requirement planning Users, managers, and IT staffs agree upon business needs,

project scope and system requirements

User Design Interact with users, build models and prototypes, and

conduct intensive JAD-type sessions Construction

Program and application development, coding, integrationand system testing

Cutover Data conversion, full scale testing, system changeover, user

training

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

27/46

RAD Phases and Activities

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

28/46

Kendall & Kendall 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall6-28

RAD tools are used to generate screens andexhibit the overall flow of the application.

Users approve the design and sign off on thevisual model.

Implementation is less stressful becauseusers helped to design the business aspectsof the system.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

29/46


RAD is used when: The team includes programmers and analysts who

are experienced with it. There are pressing reasons for speeding up

application development. The project involves a novel ecommerce application

and needs quick results. Users are sophisticated and highly engaged with

the goals of the company.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

30/46


Extreme programming (XP) takes goodsystems development practices to theextreme.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

31/46


The four values of extreme programming are: Communication.

Simplicity.

Feedback.

Courage.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

32/46


The five XP principles are: Providing rapid feedback.

Assuming simplicity.

Changing incrementally.

Embracing change. Encouraging quality work.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

33/46


7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

34/46


The four basic activities of XP are: Coding.

Testing.

Listening, to the programming partner and

customer. Designing.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

35/46

Advantages The system can be developed more quickly with

significant cost savings

Disadvantages RAD does not emphasize the companys strategic

business needs

Risks in term of long-term objective, quality,consistency, and efficiency

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

36/46

A system requirement is a characteristic orfeature that must be included in aninformation system to satisfy businessrequirements and be acceptable to users. Outputs

Inputs

Processes

Performance

Controls

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

37/46

The inventory must produce a daily report The purchasing system must provide supplier

with up-to-date specifications

The Web site must report online volumestatistics

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

38/46

Each input form must include date, time,product code, customer number, and quantity

Manufacturing employees must swipe their IDcards

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

39/46

The students records system must allowrecord access by either students name ornumber

The video rental system must not execute

new rental transaction for customers whohave overdue tapes

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

40/46

The system must support 25 users onlinesimultaneously

Response must not exceed four seconds

The system must be operational seven days aweek, 365 days a years

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

41/46

The system must provide log-on security An employee record must be updated by a

member of human resource department The system must maintain separate levels of

security for users and administrators

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

42/46

A systems ability to handle increasedbusiness volume and transactions in thefuture.

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

43/46

Answer Who, What, When, How and Why? Interviews

Document Review

Observation

Questionnaires and Surveys Research

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

44/46

Record information as soon as you obtain it Use the simplest record method possible Record your findings in such a way that they

can be understood by someone else

Organize your documentation

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

45/46

7/29/2019 JAD-RAD

46/46

Scrum is an Agile approach that has anemphasis on teamwork.

Team success is of primary importance. Individual success is secondary.

The team works within a strict time frame. The project leader has some but not much

influence on detail.

Documents

JAD-RAD