JAEA-Technology...JAEA-Technology JAEA-Technology 2008-087 Development of Surface Temperature Measurement for Simulated Fuel Rod Heater - Noise Reduction Temperature Signal of Thin-Thermocouple

JAEA

-TechnologyJAEA-Technology

2008-087

Development of Surface Temperature Measurement for Simulated Fuel Rod Heater

- Noise Reduction Temperature Signal of Thin-Thermocouple -

模擬燃料棒ヒーターにおける表面温度計測の技術開発

佐川淳　柴本泰照

東海研究開発センター原子力科学研究所

工務技術部

Engineering Services DepartmentNuclear Science Research Institute

Tokai Research and Development Center

March 2009

Japan Atomic Energy Agency 日本原子力研究開発機構

JAEA

-Technology 2008-087　模擬燃料棒ヒーターにおける表面温度計測の技術開発　

―

細径熱電対温度信号のノイズ対策 ―

日本原子力研究開発機構

Jun SAGAWA and Yasuteru SIBAMOTO

― 細径熱電対温度信号のノイズ対策 ─

i

JAEA-Technology 2008-087

+

2008 12 17

1010ms

319-1195 2-4

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JAEA-Technology　2008-087

ii


Development of Surface Temperature Measurement for Simulated Fuel Rod Heater

- Noise Reduction Temperature Signal of Thin-Thermocouple -

Jun SAGAWA and Yasuteru SIBAMOTO+

Engineering Services Department, Nuclear Science Research Institute, Tokai Research and Development Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken

(Received December 17, 2008)

In experimental facilities to investigate a system integral-response and/or to verify fuel rod integrity of nuclear reactors, the electrical heater specially manufactured to simulate the real nuclear fuel rod with the same scale have been used in the core of the experimental facility. This type of the electrical heater, so-called “simulated fuel rod”, is a kind of a sheath heater which involves Nichrome coiled wire as a heat generation element in the metal cladding tube. An alternating current power is supplied for heat generation source in this heater and thin thermocouples were embedded on the cladding surface to measure the fuel surface temperature. It means that a switching regulator by silicon-controlled rectifier is used to control the AC electrical power and undesirable electrical noises are superimposed on the thermocouples' signals by the time variation of the heater current. Although a low-pass-filter with a low cut-off frequency was commonly applied to remove the noises in the previous steady-state experiment, the problem have arisen that a fast temperature transient could not be followed due to a time-delay accompanied by the filter in the transient experiment.

In the present study, we reveal the noise characteristics and designed / manufactured the new noise reduction filter with to reduce the time delay one-tenth less than that in the previous simple filter. The time constant of this filter is less than 10 ms which is smaller than that of thin thermocouples determined by its heat capacity. It can be regarded as the response speed enough to the practical application.

Keywords: Simulated Fuel Rod Heater, Thermocouples, Electrical Noise, Capacitive Coupling, Electromagnetic Induction, Alternative Current, Low-Pass-Filter, Band-Elimination-Filter

Collaborating Engineer Reactor Safety Research Unit, Nuclear Safety Research Center

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JAEA-Technology　2008-087


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iii

1 .............................................................................................................................1

1.1 ...................................................................................................................11.2 .......................................................................................................4

1.2.1 .............................................................................................41.2.2 .............................................................................................8

1.3 ...................................................................................11

2 .................................................................................................15

2.1 ...............................................................................................................152.2 ...................................................................................................................20

2.2.1 ............................................................................................................202.2.2 ............................................................................................................222.2.3 .............................................................................................242.2.4 ...............................................................................................25

3 ...........................................................................................................28

3.1 .................................................................................................................283.2 ...................................................................................................................28

4 ................................................................................................................................33

............................................................................................................................................. 33

...................................................................................................................................... 34

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Contents

1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background and Purpose............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Major cause and Characteristics of Noise................................................................... 4

1.2.1 Noise due to Capacitive Coupling .......................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Noise due to Electromagnetic Induction................................................................ 8

1.3 Identification of Noise Source and its Countermeasures......................................... 11

2 Design and Fabrication of Filter Circuit.......................................................................... 15

2.1 Filter Parameter ........................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Circuit Design ............................................................................................................ 20

2.2.1 Overall Configuration........................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Device Parameter ................................................................................................. 22 2.2.3 Adjustment of Filter Circuit................................................................................. 24 2.2.4 Selection of Elemental Devices .......................................................................... 25

3 Test of the Circuit Performance........................................................................................ 28

3.1 Gain Characteristics .................................................................................................. 28 3.2 Transient Characteristics .......................................................................................... 28

4 Conclusions........................................................................................................................ 33

Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................... 33

References .................................................................................................................................. 34


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Table 2.1 ..........................................................................................................17 Table 2.2 ................................................................................................21

Fig. 1.1 .........................................................................................3 Fig. 1.2 ...........................................................................7 Fig. 1.3 .....................................................................................7 Fig. 1.4 ..................................................................................................10 Fig. 1.5 ................................................................................13 Fig. 1.6 ...........................................................................................14 Fig. 2.1 .........................................................................17 Fig. 2.2 ......................................................................................................18 Fig. 2.3 ..........................................................................................................18 Fig. 2.4 LPF BEF ........................................................19 Fig. 2.5 LPF BEF ..............................................................................21 Fig. 2.6 LPF BEF ..........................................................................26 Fig. 2.7 .........................................................................................................26 Fig. 2.8 ..............................................................................................27 Fig. 3.1 .........................................................................................................30 Fig. 3.2 LPF ..........................................................................................31 Fig. 3.3 ................................................................................32


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vi

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Filter characteristics ............................................................................................... 17 Table 2.2 Required specification of filter design .................................................................... 21

List of Figures

Fig. 1.1 Cross sectional view of simulated fuel rod.................................................................. 3 Fig. 1.2 Schematic view temperature measurement by thermocouple ................................... 7 Fig. 1.3 Details of electrical equivalent circuit for noise ......................................................... 7 Fig. 1.4 Generation of electromagnetic induction noise......................................................... 10 Fig. 1.5 Variation of noise by heater power supply ................................................................ 13 Fig. 1.6 Frequency characteristics of noise data .................................................................... 14 Fig. 2.1 Signal processing form thermocouple to data acquisition system ........................... 17 Fig. 2.2 Macrograph of noise data........................................................................................... 18 Fig. 2.3 Characteristics of thermocouple response ................................................................ 18 Fig. 2.4 Frequency characteristics of 2nd order LPF and BEF filter (Bode diagram) ......... 19 Fig. 2.5 Electrical circuit diagram of 2nd order LPF and BEF ............................................. 21Fig. 2.6 On-board device implementation .............................................................................. 26 Fig. 2.7 Practical wiring ........................................................................................................ 26 Fig. 2.8 Trimmer to adjust the filter circuit ........................................................................... 27 Fig. 3.1 Comparison of gain characteristics ........................................................................... 30 Fig. 3.2 Comparison of the present filter with LPF in frequency characteristics ................ 31 Fig. 3.3 Transient characteristics of the present filter .......................................................... 32


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1.1

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870 200kWFig.1.5 150

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Table 2.1

cf , of (Hz) LPFQ , BEFQ

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0.2

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1

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time after contact to water (ms)

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4

50Hz


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(1) ”BWR CHF CHF ”,JAERI-Research 2001-060 (2000).

(2) ”BWR ”, JAERI-Research 2000-050 (2000).

(3) Maruyama, Y., Asaka, H., Satou, A., Nakamura, H..: “Single rod experiments on transient void behavior during low-pressure reactivity-initiated accidents in light water reactors”, Nucl. Eng. Des., 236, 1693-1700 (2006).

(4) ” ”2 pp.510-516 (2003)

(5) Richard P. Feynman Robert B. Leighton Matthew L. Sands

(6) SPECIAL No.44 CQ(7)(8) OP 100 CQ(9) TL071_072_074 Data Sheet Texas Instruments, Incorporated (10) EROS Panasonic(11) RJ-5(12) MMT

(13) RPE(14) TSL Series TSL0709 TDK(15) TXL Series TRACO POWER (16) PSpice CQ(17) SPICE CQ


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JAEA-Technology...JAEA-Technology JAEA-Technology 2008-087 Development of Surface Temperature Measurement for Simulated Fuel Rod Heater - Noise Reduction Temperature Signal of Thin-Thermocouple