SMK LUTONGCHEMISTRY

Paper 2<Test Name> <Date> Time :

Class : Marks :

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi tiga bahagian: Bahagian A, Bahagian B dan Bahagian C.Section A

Bahagian A

[60 marks][60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section.Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.

1. The symbols of the elements and the proton numbers are listed below. Use these symbols to answer the questions.Simbol bagi unsur-unsur dan nombor proton disenaraikan di bawah. Gunakan simbol ini untuk menjawab soalan. 

NameNama

SymbolSimbol

Proton numberNombor proton

AluminiumAluminium Al 13

PhosphorusFosforus P 15

ChlorineKlorin Cl 17

ArgonArgon Ar 18

PotassiumKalium K 19

VanadiumVanadium V 23

IronFerum Fe 26

CopperKuprum Cu 29

 

Table/Jadual (a) State an element that is produced by the reduction of its oxide with coke.

Nyatakan unsur yang dihasilkan oleh penurunan oksidanya dengan kok.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/markah]

(b) Give the symbol of a non-metal that is used to sterilise water.

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Berikan simbol bukan logam yang digunakan untuk mensterilkan air.   

_____________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/markah]

(c) Name an element that reacts with water to give an alkaline solution. Write an equation for this reaction.Namakan unsur yang bertindak balas dengan air untuk menghasilkan larutan beralkali. Rtuliskan persamaan untuk tindak balas ini.Name:Nama:          __________________________________________________________________________Equation:Persamaan: __________________________________________________________________________

[2 mark/smarkah](d) This element is one of the plant nutrients. Write down its symbol and its electronic configuration.

Unsur ini merupakan suatu nutrien tumbuhan. Tuliskan simbol dan konfigurasi elektroniknya.Symbol:Simbol:                           _________________________________________________________________Electronics configuration:Konfigurasi elektronik:  _________________________________________________________________

[2 marks/markah](e) The oxide of this element is used as a catalyst in the Contact Process.

Oksida unsur ini digunakan sebagai pemangkin dalam Proses Sentuh. i. Name the oxide of the element.

Namakan oksida bagi unsur ini.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/markah]

ii. State the oxidation number of the element of this oxide.Nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bagi oksida unsur ini.

__________________________________________________________________________________  [1 mark/markah]

2. Table shows the proton numbers of element W, X, Y and Z (which are not the real symbols of the elements).Jadual menunjukkan nombor proton bagi unsur W, X, Y dan Z ( yang mana bukan simbol sebanar bagi unsur - unsur itu).

ElementUnsur

Proton numberNombor proton

W 10X 11Y 17Z 18

Table/Jadual

 (a)  Write the electronic configurations of W, X, Y and Z.

Tuliskan konfigurasi elektron bagi unsur - unusr W, X, Y dan Z. i. Element W:

Unsur W : ________________________________________________________________________

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ii. Element X:Unsur X :  ________________________________________________________________________

iii. Element Y:Unsur Y :  ________________________________________________________________________

iv. Element Z:Unsur Z :  ________________________________________________________________________

[ 2 mark/markah ](b) Which of the elements have the stable electronic structures? Explain your answers.

Unsur yang manakah mempunyai struktur elektron yang stabil? Terangkan jawapan anda.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [ 3 mark/markah ]

(c) Element X reacts with element Y to form a compound.Unsur X bertindak balas dengan unsur Y untuk membentuk satu sebatian. (i) Give the molecular formula of the compound formed by X and Y.

Berikan formula molekul bagi sebatian yang terbentuk oleh unsur X dan unsur Y.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [ 1 mark/markah ]

(ii) State the type of bonding in the compound formed in (c) i.Nyatakan jenis ikatan di dalam sebatian yang terbentuk di ( c ) i.__________________________________________________________________________________

[ 1 mark/markah ](iii)Give one physical property of the compound.

Berikan satu sifat fizikal bagi sebatian itu.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [ 1 mark/markah ]

(iv)Draw the electronic structures of the particles present in the compound.Lukiskan struktur elektron bagi zarah - zarah yang hadir di dalam sebatian itu.

[ 2 mark/markah ]

3. The element francium is obtained by the electrolysis of molten francium chloride. The cathode and the anode are placed very far apart so that the products of electrolysis will not react again. Francium is in the group of elements called alkali metals.Unsur fransium telah diperolehi dengan elektrolisis fransium klorida lebur. Katod dan anod dipisah jauh supaya hasil elektrolisis tidak bertindak balas semula. Fransium telah didapati berada dalam kumpulan unsur-unsur yang dikenali sebagai logam alkali.(a) (i) How do you keep francium in the laboratory?

Bagaimanakah anda akan menyimpan fransium di dalam makmal?

__________________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) Why do you have to do so?Mengapa anda perlu berbuat demikian?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/2 markah]

 (b) (i) What will you observe when a little francium is placed in water?

Apakah yang akan anda perhatikan apabila sedikit fransium dimasukkan ke dalam air?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks/3 markah]

(ii) Write one equation for the reaction.Tuliskan satu persamaan bagi tindak balas itu.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

 (c) Besides the conductivity of electricity and the boiling point, state two other physical properties of

francium.Selain kekonduksian elektrik dan takat didih, tuliskan dua sifat fizik yang lain bagi fransium.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/2 markah]

(d) (i) How does the reactivity of the elements in Group 1 change in going down the group?Bagaimana kereaktifan unsur-unsur menurun di dalam Kumpulan 1?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) Why does this happen?Mengapakah keadaan ini terjadi?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

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[1 mark/1 markah]

 (e) (i) Name the product formed at the anode during the electrolysis of molten francium chloride.

Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod semasa elektrolisis fransium klorida lebur.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) Name the product formed at cathode during the electrolysis with aqueous francium chloride solution.Namakan hasil yang terbentuk di katod semasa elektrolisis larutan akueus fransium klorida.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

 

4. A student carried out two experiments to investigate the acidity of two different acids, 0.5 mol dm–3 of each hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.In the experiments, 1 mol of CaCO3 is added to two beakers, each containing 100.0 cm3 of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid respectively.Seorang pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk menyiasat keasidan dua asid yang berbeza, asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 dan asid etanoik 0.5 mol dm-3.Dalam eksperimen itu, 1 mol CaCO3 ditambah ke dalam dua bikar, yang setiapnya masing-masing mengandungi 100.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik dan asid etanoik.  

Experiment I: 100.0 cm3 of HCl + 1 mol of CaCO3

Eksperimen I: 100.0 cm3 HCl + 1 mol CaCO3

Experiment II: 100.0 cm3 of CH3COOH + 1 mol of CaCO3

Eksperimen II: 100.0 cm3 CH3COOH + 1 mol CaCO3

 (a) Categorise the two acids as a weak acid and strong acid?

Kategorikan dua asid tersebut sebagai asid lemah dan asid kuat.

Weak acid:Asid lemah: __________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark markah]Strong acid:Asid kuat:    __________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark markah]

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(b) Write the equation for each of the reaction.Tulis persamaan bagi setiap tindak balas itu.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks markah]

(c) What would you expect to see in the two beakers? Explain the differences in the observations.Apakah yang anda jangka akan terlihat dalam dua bikar itu? Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian itu.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks markah]

(d) i. Calculate the number of moles of ethanoic acid used in the experiment.Kira bilangan mol asid etanoik yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark markah]

ii. Calculate the degree of dissociation of ethanoic acid in the solution, if there is 6.00 cm3 of carbon dioxide is given off.Kira darjah penguraian asid etanoik dalam larutan jika 6.00 cm3 karbon dioksida telah dibebasksan.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark markah]

iii. Deduce the volume of carbon dioxide evolved from the reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate.Apakah kesimpulan bagi isi padu karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan daripada tindak balas antara asid hidroklorik dan kalsium karbonat?

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark markah]

5. Diagram below shows the flow chart is about calcium carbonate.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan carta mengenai kalsium karbonat.

Diagram /Rajah  

(a) (i) State the common name for calcium carbonate.Nyatakan nama am untuk kalsium karbonat.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) Write its chemical formula.

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Tuliskan formula kimianya.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

 (b) (i) Suggest one method that is used to produce carbon dioxide from calcium carbonate.

Cadangkan satu kaedah yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan karbon dioksida dari kalsium karbonat.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(ii)  What is solid P? Write a chemical equation for its formation.Apakah pepejal P? Tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk pembentukannya.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(iii)Solid P dissolves in liquid compound R to form solution S. Name the solution.Pepejal P larut dalam sebatian R untuk membentuk larutan S. Namakan larutan itu.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

 (c) Solution S turns chalky when carbon dioxide is passed through it.

Larutan S menjadi keruh apabila karbon dioksida dilalukan melaluinya.(i) What is liquid R?

Apakah cecair R?

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) What is solution S?Apakah larutan S?

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

 (d) Carbon dioxide is passed through a solution S. It turns chalky initially.What causes it to turn millky? Write

an equation for this reaction.Karbon dioksida dilalukan melalui larutan S. Ia menjadi keruh pada awalnya. Apakah yang menyebabkannya menjadi keruh? Tuliskan satu persamaan untuk tindak balasnya.

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/1 markah]

(e) The milky solution becomes clear again when more carbon dioxide is passed through it. Give a brief explanation for this observation. Write an equation for this reaction.Larutan keruh menjadi jernih semula apabila karbon dioksida dilalukan seterusnya. Berikan satu penerangan untuk pemerhatian ini. Nyatakan satu persamaan untuknya.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/2 markah]

 

6. (a) The structure of a polymer is shown in diagram.Satu struktur polimer ditunjukkan dalam rajah.

Diagram/Rajah

 i. Name this polymer.

Namakan polimer ini.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/markah]

ii. Draw the structure of the monomer from which the polymer is produced.Lukiskan struktur monomer yang menghasilkan polimer ini.

[1 mark/markah]iii. Name the type of polymerisation. Explain why the monomer in (b)ii undergoes this type of

polymerisation.Namakan jenis pempolimeran. Jelaskan mengapa monomer di (a)ii menjalani jenis pempolimeran ini.

Name:Nama:  ___________________________________________________________________________

Reason:Sebab:  ___________________________________________________________________________

[1 mark/markah](b) Chloroethene, CH2CHCl, is the monomer of polyvinylchloride.

Kloroetena, CH2CHCl, adalah monomer bagi klorida polyvinyl. i. Draw the structure of this polymer.

Lukiskan struktur polimer ini:

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[1 mark/markah]ii. Polyvinylchloride is a kind of synthetic plastic.

State two environmental problems caused by synthetic plastics.Klorida polyvinyl adalah sejenis plastik sintetik.Nyatakan dua masalah persekitaran yang disebabkan oleh plastik sintetik ini.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah]

(c) i. Name two synthetic fibres.Namakan dua fiber sintetik.

___________________________________________and____________________________________

___________________________________________dan____________________________________ [1 mark/markah]

ii. Name the type of polymerisation of these fibres.Namakan jenis pempolimeran fiber ini.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/markah]

iii. Give one example of naturally occurring polymers.Berikan satu contoh polimer yang wujud secara semula jadi.

__________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/markah]

Section BBahagian B

[20 marks][20 markah]

Answer any one questions from this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

7. (a) What is meant by a salt?Apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh suatu garam?

[2 marks/markah](b) Explain the preparation of two salts, sodium chloride and silver chloride in the laboratory. For the

preparation of each salt, the following details should be included in your answers:Terangkan penyediaan dua garam, natrium klorida dan argentum klorida di dalam makmal. Bagi penyediaan setiap garam, perincian berikut hendaklah dimasukkan dalam jawapan anda: • The reactants, and

Bahan tindak balas, dan• The balanced equation of the reaction.

Persamaan tindak balas yang seimbang[6 marks/markah]

(c) An aqueous solution is known to contain either zinc sulphate or lead(II) nitrate. State the presence of the cations and the anions in the solution with the following details:

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Suatu larutan akueus diketahui mengandungi sama ada zink sulfat atau plumbum (II) nitrat. Nyatakan kehadiran kation dan anion di dalam larutan dengan perincian berikut: • The reagents used.

Bahan tindak balas yang digunakan.• The observations.

Pemerhatian.• The ionic equations which give the observations.

Persamaan ionik yang diperoleh daripada pemerhatian.[12 marks/markah]

8. (a) Ammonia is manufactured from the Haber Process by the reversible reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen.Ammonia dihasilkan daripada Proses Haber melalui tindak balas berbalik di antara hidrogen dan nitrogen. i. Explain how nitrogen and hydrogen are obtained for this process.

Jelaskan bagaimana nitrogen dan hidrogen diperolehi untuk proses ini. [2 marks/markah]

ii. Briefly describe the production of ammonia in Haber Process.Terangkan secara ringkas penghasilan ammonia dalam Proses Haber.

[10 marks/markah](b) Ammonia is used to make nitrogenous fertilisers, such as ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate.

Ammonia digunakan untuk membuat baja nitrogen, seperti ammonium sulfat dan ammonium nitrat. i. Construct chemical equations for the production of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate.

Bina persamaan kimia untuk penghasilan ammonium sulfat dan ammonium nitrat. [2 marks/markah]

ii. Which fertiliser in (b)i contains a higher percentage of nitrogen? Explain your answer.Baja manakah di (b)i mengandungi peratusan nitrogen yang lebih tinggi? Jelaskan jawapan anda.

[5 marks/markah]

Section CBahagian C

[20 marks][20 markah]

Answer any one questions from this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.

9. Diagram A shows the electron arrangement of a compound formed between an atom of element X and three atoms of element Y.Rajah A menunjukkan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk antara satu atom unsur X dengan tiga atom unsur Y.

Diagram A/Rajah A

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 (a) With the help of the diagram, explain how an atom of element X combines with three atoms of element Y?

Dengan pertolongan rajah, terangkan bagaimana atom bagi unsur X bergabung dengan tiga atom bagi unsur Y?

[4 marks/4 markah](b) By using the Periodic Table of Elements, identify elements X and Y.

Dengan menggunakan Jadual Berkala, kenalpasti unsur X dan Y. [2 marks/2 markah]

(c) With the help of Periodic Table of Elements, describe the full electron arrangement and the full atomic structure of element X.Dengan menggunakan Jadual Berkala unsur, terangkan susunan elektron keseluruhan dan struktur atom bagi unsur X.

[6 marks/6 markah](d) Diagram B shows the electron arrangement in the formation of the bond for a compound.

Rajah B menunjukkan susunan elektron dalam pembentukan ikatan bagi suatu sebatian.

Diagram B/Rajah B

Based on the electron arrangement explain how the bond is formed and state the properties of the compound.Berdasarkan susunan elektron, terangkan bagaimana ikatan itu terbentuk dan nyatakan sifat sebatian tersebut.

[8 marks/8 markah]

10. The process works in the same way as the process for purifying copper by electrolysis.Proses ini berlaku dalam keadaan yang sama dengan proses penulenan kuprum melalui elektrolisis.

 (a) Based on the above statement, draw a diagram to show the electrolysis process that is used for coating the

iron with zinc to protect it from corrosion. In your diagram, label the positive and negative electrodes.Berdsarkan pernyataan di atas, lukiskan satu gambarajah untuk menunjukkan proses elektrolisis yang digunakan untuk menyadur besi dengan zink untuk menghalang besi dari berkarat. Dalam gambarajah anda, labelkan elektrod positif dan elektrod negatif.

[5 marks/5 markah](b) What will happen at the positive and negative electrode? Name the type of reaction which occurs at the

negative electrod.Apakah yang berlaku pada elektod positif dan elektod negatif? Namakan tindakbalas yang berlaku di elektrod negatif.

[3 marks/3 markah]

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(c) If the zinc coating on the iron is damaged, the iron will still not corrode.However, when a tin coating on iron is damaged, the iron corrodes more quickly than when it is not coated at all. Explain these statements and arrange the reactivity of iron, tin and zinc in ascending order.Sekiranya zink yang disadurkan pada besi telah rosak, besi masih tidak berkarat.Walaubagaimanapun apabila saduran stanum pada besi rosak, besi akan berkarat lebih cepat berbanding apabila ia tidak disadur. Terangkan pernyataan di atas dan susunkan kereaktifan secara meningkat bagi zink, stanum dan besi.

 [6 marks/6 markah](d) Write equations to show the half reactions which occur at the two electrodes.

Tuliskan persamaan separuh pada kedua-dua elektrod. [2 marks/2 markah]

(e) Give four conditions that must be satisfi ed for good quality of plating.Berikan empat keadaan yang mesti dipatuhi bagi penyaduran yang berkualiti.

[4 marks/4 markah]

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