Jet Propulsion Mech

7/23/2019 Jet Propulsion Mech

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Jet Propulsion Systems in Aircraft



Contents1. History of Jet Engines

2. Introduction

3. Parts Of Jet Engine

4. How A Jet Engine works5. y!es Of Jet Engine

5.1 "a#$et

5.2 ur%o$et

5.3 ur%ofan 5.4 ur%o!ro!

5.5 ur%os&aft



Continued . . .'. Co#!arison Of ur%o$ets

(. Jet Engine )s "ockets

*. +i,cu-ties. /uggestion 0or I#!roe#ent

1. erits And +e#erits

11. Jet Engine ses

12. Conc-usion13. 0uture )ision

14. "eferences



1.History Of Jet Engines

&e rst $et engine was %ui-t %yEgyptian scientists during 16.C.

&e deice was known as Aeo-i!i-e and used stea# !ower directedt&roug& two no77-es to cause as!&ere to s!in ra!id-y on its a8is

It was not used for su!!-ying

#ec&anica- !ower and was si#!-yconsidered a curiosity

Dr. Hans von Ohain and SirFrank Whittle were t&e !ioneers%e&ind today9s $et engines.



2.Introduction• &e ter# $et engine -oose-y refers to an Interna- Co#%ustion Air

6reat&ing Jet Engine :a duct engine;. &ese ty!ica--y consist of anengine wit& a rotary :rotating; air co#!ressor !owered %y atur%ine :<6rayton cyc-e<;= wit& t&e -eftoer !ower !roiding t&rustia a !ro!e--ing no77-e.

• Jet engine is not&ing %ut a >as tur%ine.

• It works under t&e !rinci!-e of ?ewton9s t&ird -aw w&ic& statest&at @0or eery acting force t&ere is an eua- and o!!osite forceB.



3.Parts Of Jet Engine

0A? COP"E//O" CO6/O" "6I?E IE" ?ODDE



4.How A Jet EngineForks G

Jet engines !ro!e-s an aircraft forward wit& a great forcew&ic& is !roduced %y a tre#endous t&rust fro# t&e#= &encea--owing t&e !-ane to y.



Continued . . .

Air Intake

sucked in %y t&eco#!ressor

Co#!ressor

series of anes and stators. &e anes rotate= w&i-e t&e

stator re#ains stationary. co#!ressor s!eed and

te#!erature increasesgradua--y

0ue- 6urner

0ue- is #i8ed wit& t&e air=and e-ectric s!arks -ig&t

t&e #i8ture causing it toco#%ust.

Co#%ustion C&a#%er

&e air is %urnt a-ong wit&fue-.

Hence increasing t&ete#!erature and !ressureof t&e air inside t&e engine.



Continued . . . ur%ine

Forks -ike a wind#i-- &e %-ades gain energy fro# t&e

&ot gases #oing !ast t&e#.

&is #oe#ent is used to !owert&e co#!ressor.

Jet Pi!e and Pro!e--ing ?o77-e

&e &ot air rus&es out of t&e no77-e.

&ig& !ressure Hot air rus&es out at ery &ig&

s!eed



5. y!es Of Jet Engines1. Ramjet

2. Tr!ojet

". Tr!o#an

$. Tr!oprop

%. Tr!o sha#t



5.1 "a#$et• It &as no #oing !arts.

• Its co#!ression ratio de!ends onforward s!eed.

• &ey consist of t&ree sections an

in-et to co#!ressed onco#ing air= aco#%ustor to in$ect and co#%ustfue-= and a no77-e

• "euire a re-atie-y &ig& s!eed toe,cient-y co#!ress t&e onco#ing

air.

• &ey are #ost e,cient at su!ersonics!eeds= It &as no static t&rust

• guided#issi-e syste#s= /!ace

e&ic-es use t&is ty!e of $et



5.2 ur%o$et

• &e tur%o$et engine is a reactionengine.

• A tur%o$et engine works %y

co#!ressing air wit& an in-et anda co#!ressor= #i8ing fue- wit&t&e co#!ressed air= %urning t&e#i8ture in t&e co#%ustor= andt&en !assing t&e &ot= &ig&!ressure air t&roug& a tur%ine and

a no77-e

• /u%stantia- increases in t&rustcan %e o%tained %y e#!-oying anafter%urner

• sed in g&ter !-anes= and were



"ecent ur%o$et Engine

&e Rolls&Royce'Snecma Olymps %(" wasa re&eated :after%urning; tur%o$et w&ic&!owered t&e su!ersonic air-iner Concorde.

)eneral characteristics

Type* ur%o$et

+ength* 43 ## :15 in;

Diameter* 1212 ## :4(.(5 in;

Dry ,eight* 31(5 kg :(= -%;



icrotur%o$ets for Fea!ons



5.3 ur%ofan

• A tur%ofan engine is a gas tur%ineengine t&at is ery si#i-ar to atur%o$et. ur%ofans diKer fro#tur%o$ets as t&ey &ae an additiona-

co#!onent= a fan

• &e o%$ectie of t&is sort of %y!asssyste# is to increase t&rust wit&outincreasing fue- consu#!tion.

• It ac&iees t&is %y increasing t&e tota-air#ass ow and reducing t&ee-ocity wit&in t&e sa#e tota- energysu!!-y.



5.4 ur%o!ro!• A tur%o!ro! engine is a $et

engine attac&ed to a!ro!e--er.

• a$ority of t&eir t&rust isfro# t&e !ro!e--er= t&oug&

&ot$et e8&aust is ani#!ortant design !oint= and#a8i#u# t&rust is o%tained%y #atc&ing t&rustcontri%utions of t&e!ro!e--er to t&e &ot $et.

• odern tur%o!ro! enginesare eui!!ed wit& !ro!e--erst&at &ae a s#a--erdia#eter %ut a -argernu#%er of %-ades fore,cient o!eration at #uc&



5.5 ur%os&aft ur%os&aft engines are ery

si#i-ar to tur%o!ro!s= diKeringin t&at near-y a-- energy in t&ee8&aust is e8tracted to s!in t&erotating s&aft.

&ey t&erefore generate -itt-eto no $et t&rust.

It does not drie a !ro!e--er

and !roides !ower for a&e-ico!ter rotor.

It !er#its t&e rotor s!eed to %eke!t constant een w&en t&es!eed of t&e generator is

aried .

i i &



'. Co#!arison Fit& ur%o$ets

Tr!ojetRamjets

-o compressor tr!ine

+ight in ,eight

/ach no 2 to %

Start only at /ach 2 an0 a!ove

Has got compressor tr!ineHeavy/ach no. 2Starts ,ith ero initial velocity

i



(. Jet Engines )s"ockets

3et Engine Rockets

O8ygen fro# at#os!&ere forco#%ustion

Carry t&eir own o8ygen forco#%ustion

Fork on-y in at#os!&ere Fork in acuu# and at#os!&ere

iuid fue- -iuid or so-id fue-

Hig& /!ecic I#!u-se ow /!ecic I#!u-se

Co#!-e8 /tructure /i#!-e /tructure

Hig& E,ciency ow E,ciency



*. +i,cu-ties

i#e sca-e of co#%ustion ota- te#!erature in co#%ustion

c&a#%er Cou!-ing t&e air fra#e to t&e engine /cra#$et cannot o!erate %e-ow #ac&



. /uggestion 0orI#!roe#ent

E#!-oy actie coo-ing

+esigning %etter #ateria-s and a--oys w&ic& retain t&eir

strengt& at &ig& te#!eratures

/#art structures L /tructure and #ateria- w&ic& c&anget&eir s&a!es and !ro!erties in ig&t.

+esign engines w&ic& switc& fro# scra#$ets to ra#$ets.



1. erits And +e#erits

/erits o# 3et Engineover 45 Engine

ec&anica- e,ciency

of $et engine is &ig& asco#!ared to IC engine.

Feig&t and s!eed of $etengine !er HP dee-o!ed

is &ig&er t&an IC engine.

Ignition and -u%ricating syste#s are #uc&si#!-er in $et enginet&an IC engine.

&er#a- e,ciency of Jetengine is -ow co#!ared to ICengine

+i,cu-t to start

ur%ine %-ades need a s!ecia- coo-ing syste# due &ig&te#!erature

Demerits O# 3et EnginesOver 45 engine



11. Jet Engine ses &e industry t&ey9re #ost

!ro#inent in= is in t&e trans!ortindustry= w&ere t&ey are used to!ro!e- aircraft= %oats= and inso#e one of creations suc& as a

tur%o$et !owered truck.

&e rst use of t&e $et enginewas to !ower #i-itary aircraft.

&e 6e-- P5A AirCo#et was

a-so dee-o!ed %y t&eA#ericans. &ey &ad a #assieadantage oer !ro!e--er drien!-anes= in t&at t&ey were #uc&faster

&e >enera- e-ectricco#!any used a

@tur%o!ro!B $et engine torun an e-ectric generator.

&ese engines are a-soused to !ro!e- ?aa- s&i!sdue to t&eir &ig& !ower to

weig&t ratio and a%i-ity totake u! sudden -oads.



12. Conc-usion?or#a- ty!e of $et engine is used for do#estic !ur!ose i.e.

rae-ing= carrying goods etc.

"a# and scra# ty!e of $et engines used in on-y in +efence

sector. 6ecause it trae-s at su!ersonic s!eed and genera--y&ig& -ee- of training is reuired.

/ince it trae-s at suc& a s!eed it is can not used fortrae-ing.

/o t&at co##on ty!e of $et engines are ery co##on inuse.



13. 0uture )ision

Decrease0 gross li#t 6 o7 ,eight

8 Smaller #acilities 9 easier han0ling+ea0ing to higher sa#etyFlights can !e a!orte0 ,hiles the vehicle gli0es !ack

to earth/issions can !e more :e;i!le

Wi0er range o# emergency lan0ing sites #or intacta!ort



14. 6i%-iogra!&y&tt!MNNscience.&owstuKworks.co#Ntrans!ortNig&tN#odernNtur%ine.&t#

&tt!MNNen.wiki!edia.orgNwikiNJetengine

&tt!MNN www.goog-e.co#&tt!MNN www.%oeing.co#

&tt!MNN www.$et engine.co#

http://www.google.com/

http://www.boeing.com/

http://www.boeing.com/

http://www.google.com/



&ank Qou



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Jet Propulsion Mech