Job Training Analysis: Integrating Production with Safety

Collaborative work - field testing a process for quickly developing information for use in skills training…

Train the Trainer

Salt Lake City

May, 2004

NIOSH / Morton Salt / MSHA

…a few questions…

If we wanted to create variability in how this loader was operated by different operators….

What would we likely do?

What might be the consequence of that variability?

Increased risk of injury?

Increased maintenance costs?

Increased production downtime?

Overall – increased operating costs?

..a picture of a table top JTA

Tasks• Steps

Why important? Consider -- Safety, Production, and Maintenance

ImportanceRanking

Obtain checklist• Mark hour

meter reading

Power off checks• Engine Oil• Hydraulic oil

Duty 2: Pre-shift operational checks

Different methods can be used to develop the job analysis (column 1)

Morton Salt Inc. (Lift Truck Example) Contact: Bruce Blakemore

Tasks• Steps

Why important? Consider -- Safety, Production, and Maintenance

ImportanceRanking

Obtain checklist Check with foreman• Mark hour

meter readingPreventative maintenance scheduling

Power off checks walk around inspection• Engine Oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not

overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below

• Hydraulic oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below

Duty 2: Pre-shift operational checks

Tasks• Steps

Why important? Consider -- Safety, Production, and Maintenance

ImportanceRanking

Obtain checklist Check with foreman 2• Mark hour

meter readingPreventative maintenance scheduling 2

Power off checks walk around inspection• Engine Oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not

overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below

3

• Hydraulic oil Correct oil for that vehicle, do not overfill, only fill when level is at add mark or below

3

Duty 2: Pre-shift operational checks

… a practical JTA

3 level hierarchyShort descriptions of the tasks and steps

Makes sense to experienced workers Is a natural way of thinking about the job Is useful for chunking the job into parts

that can be taught and evaluated Is at a level of detail that is useful for

the trainee and the trainer

How is a JTA used?..to help structure skills training

Can reduce the time to learn a new skill

Can reduce the variability in how the task is performed

Good quality skills training…

Connects production, safety, maintenance, and crew coordination

Is planned

A trainer is present

Range of OJT

On-the-job exp. (OJE)

Self teaching Shadow another

employee No plan developed No evaluation other

than self-assessment

Structured OJT

Trainer present Plan developed Trainer has

learned skills in Teaching Evaluating

All jobs carry some risk – relative risk is an important consideration

Why structure OJT?

Why invest in a job training analysis?

Putting a JTA into context

Experienced workers define training / performance targets

JTA is fluid – can be easily modified over

time..

Roof bolting - Duty 2: TrammingObjective: Learner will be able to demonstrate and explain how to safely tram equipment.

Tasks / Steps Importance-Safety, Production, and Maintenance

Importance:

Walk roadway before tramming

Two people needed for moves: one to walk and one to operate bolter to avoid cables and give lamp signals. Also a good time to check and make sure no other equipment is parked in blind spots, e.g., on other side of curtains.

Depends on conditions:

2 - 3

Communicate intention to tram and cable reel coming on

Verbal: Include telling trainee importance of position in relation to cable & bolter. Note that splices can get hung up in the reel.

3

Some benefits of table top JTA…

Makes use of the experience of those who perform and have a stake in the job

Saves time over other methods for doing a training needs assessment (or job analysis).

Listing of duties, tasks and steps makes sense to those who do the job.

A good way of getting experienced performers on the same page

Puts a lot of key information on a single page

Can be readily used as a guide for OJT Is based on long term military ISD research

What might be gained? TimeTime

Less risk of downtime? Save timetime of maintenance and repair folks

Less risk of injury? Save timetime of the employee: less lostlost time

Quicker acceleration of learning? Less timetime to (learn) do a particular task

If we wanted to reduce variability in how these two would operate this equipment...

What would we likely do?

OJT / general training method…

Assess How?

Train How?

Evaluate How?

On-the-job training…

Prepare (training outline?) Define gap…is training necessary?

Trainer demonstrates / informs / discussOne job duty or task at a time…

Trainee demonstrates / practice / talks their way through the task…

Trainer offers feedback – ask questions – more feedback

Evaluate – determine if performance is acceptable (can be done in many different ways)

assess

training

evaluate

Different approaches to training…

Trainer centeredTrainer centered

Learner Learner centeredcentered

Enhancing OJT (skills training)..

Small, layered (time) investmentsPractical ways to do a job analysis

Considerations in selecting and training the OJT trainer

Limitations of OJT…

Teaching nonroutine skills

Teaching cognitive skills

The notion is to consider the training environment…the classroom is one, the work site (via OJT) is another…

The end…

Job analyses are not all alike..

Interview / observe individuals

Gather information Synthesize – tie

information together into a training plan / program

Group - table top method Prepare a plan Set up / conduct a 1-3 day workshop Verify / refine results Includes those who not only perform

the job, but who have a stake in the job

JTA….

Based on the group process - small groups of individuals who have relevant expertise and a stake in the job

The group makes consensus decisions on information contained within each of the three columns.

Based on extensive military research – Instructional Systems Development

A few more considerations…

Job analysis and On-the-job Training

1. Would you want to structure OJT for every job at the mine site?

2. What types of jobs would you select for structured OJT??

…other KEY considerations…

Skills of the OJT trainer….

..and small investments??

Select experienced workers who are interested in teaching

Give them time to develop a road map (JTA? + other material?)

Provide training in teaching and evaluating