Upload
others
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
85 �������� ��� ���� � �
�� ,L�< !�.�$ ���_ "� TW$; ,P��� �0 �`��� j�S ,K�(*- >?4 0����B �� ,�Q�_ ���K a9�
P�J �B�J S)�!� �%���4�A)T- !�U)� 5C��!�8A �V,!7
)4���� MK/MT/KKN��O, M/W/KQ(
2��8�
0� f�X ��/!�( cdK ���� ����I 03 �{��� >2* F� 0��H* )�� �/ A��3 �/ 0��� ��* � 2.� ?��* e�3� �� ��b�a +�� ��� 0C���2. .���I e�3� �� >2* )�� ��-�p�* � 2����$�* A6K �� ���- 27��/ >�� 0��/ �� � �<�* 0��6� `��{ F� �- 0.0�,�� 0,� �7�*�
�* ���K f�X �/ 0�b B43 �/ f�X �2�� 0��� 0� F�/�7 ��-)�$3����(�* ���I f�X 0K�7 � 0��� ��* 0K�7 �/�� .�d� �/ 0,� )�� �� �� ��/!�( �>2* )�� �* 0���� �N7 �/ ���] � ���K 0� )�� 0� 0�!� �� ��� /!.�* l!$7 f�X �/ 0��� 2������,I �$3���� ��* �/ f�X
�* /�� .0��� 2.� �R7!R^ ?�� ���� >2* )�� �/��7�4* 2.� A- 0� 2. 0���� �N7 �/ ��2* ��� 2,.� A,- � D�P �� ����7 8��p� �7�*� ����* B*�. �� ?�*� �� �3!�3 8��p� /!..
7N � �"�� ���:�G ��Q ��Q3!*� S>/�T��( 8�� ��<1��( ���U
A Mathematical Model Independent of Environmental Parameters for soil Pollution Removal by Phytoremediation
Parivash Moslehi Moslehabadi1 Manoochehr Vosoughi 2 Morteza Ghadirian3
(Received Jan. 8, 2010 Accepted Aug. 23, 2010)
Abstract In this paper, a three-zone mathematical model is developed for soil pollutant removal by phytoremediation which is based on the root growth and decay in the system. The variables of the model are based on parts which have different volumes and a given first order decay coefficient. When the root moves in the soil, soil lies in the cycles of layers near the root (rhizosphere), root decay zone, and soil zone. It follows then that despite the fact that the model is based on the assumption of immobile pollutant, the fact that root moves in the soil ensures that soil meets the rhizosphere. To account for the root growth, a model is developed that involves both its spatial growth (exponential variation with depth) and its temporal growth (sinusoidal variation with time).
Keywords: Pollutant Removal, Phytoremediation, Rhizosphere, Mathematical Model. ��� ���� ����"#��$6 `����� ��_��� `��� �,$�I� � `��`�X�@ ��(���
�6�o&���' �45�6 `����� ��_��� ���$�I� � `����(��� &���' �o��6 ��X�@)���-�"�
+",-� (//�/p02m)34� ([email protected] ;56 `����� ��_��� �6�� `���6��b c"<���$�I� � `���6 `�X�@ ��(��� �o�
&���'
1. M.Sc. Faculty Member of Chem. and Petroleum Eng. Dept., Sharif University of Tech., Tehran
2. Prof. of Chem. and Petroleum Eng. Dept., Sharif University of Tech., Tehran (Correspondig Author) (+98 21) 66165487 [email protected]
3. M.Sc. Student of Chem. and Petroleum Eng. Dept., Sharif University of Tech., Tehran
86 ���� � ������ ��� ���
������� ������ ����1� �� ��4� ���6�� B(� ��> ���1� �9��� �� �A�� ��
���� �� ��> ���1� k~= ?� #6�! 84� ��."���� !� I�l��� ���� �� "��� . 6��! o��l� ����1� K�� :���� ����� �F�5;
�� )��� �)�� ���4�1�F� ���$� �� ��� #$� D���� * ���� o�l� * &�6�� � ��+I��� '��H������ #6�!]C.[ �1� '�5���
&�9� S�� �� :".�)� 0��3 :��1� ��. "��.'��5��� ���� !� ����6�� Y�$ "�6. o�l� �� �4�"� *� #6�! � 3� ���@�� [�D�� * "�����
�� &���"���A * o�l� ��� I> "���� .&� '�()�� * R��> #��� �1�1 :�>\ Z�; !� ha��F� ��� :"�� ��� ���� ����� L�(�� ��.
� :�� o�l� �� �$��>�� ¶���= *"����]O.[ �a�/ #6�! �e��j��4��*� �g�� ��� #56� ����6� "����
��� ���� �!�6��/ &��9� ���. �� �a��/ #6�! ��4�*� ��A� ��.��Y��#6���� 6.o����� ����� �� ��7g����A K��� &���.��� !� :�����$� �� ����� ������*9�� #�1�F� B��7��68���7@� ���� 2�$��� ���.
���*�"���. ����> �� ���.#��$� .K���l� ����� &���.��� !� :�����$�������*9��688�$ ��. ������ * ��!�:"���� :���1� �. �1� �� K��
�� �< #$� F�5; "���� ����7. ���! �H�� 0�1� ��� !���� * 8�< ���. #$� :"� *�*� ����! L�5($� �� 0��$* ���<]m.[
�a�/ :��� :T�*n��9�$� o$�� �� ��6-� t�� C��C K�� �� w�I� #6��! o�l� �� ���1� B.�� ��4�*� ���� �� ���-$
"��� .���� o�$�� :T�* ��� R��4g�u ��� *vL��$ �� C��m ���� 1�(� �� ��� ��6-���� �� "� :�� ��� .Z�3� ,�F� :T�* ��� !� ��
L�$ ��C��W ������ o$�� {"���� &���� ]s.[K�� �a��/ :���� 0��l� �� b*� ���< #��$� ����� ��5�-� '���H� ������. "��3��
o�l� #$� ���7. 8� ���6� * #6�!]W.[53 ��� �� +E� �9� ���` �� #$� ��.��� ��-�� �4�1�F� 0�
��6/ B�a�/ �� ��4�� "��� :�*� 0���9� &�9�� :��1� ��4��> * �. "���� ���� ��A* 7�� ���1� o��� .&� �� F�$ :�����. :!*���
��9�� "= �� �� #$�&������ ���� ���� �+l� * ���� &��.��� !� ��� :���$� ��! $ ��$ &�.��� Z��I� * b�*/���! o��� �� �.
�+I���� "�� �� �A�� �� "�(� ���!$���4��6�/ �� &��.��� ���� :��1� #$� ����� ���6� ]y.[�� ��� #$� ��> !� )-� �$*7��
�)�� '�*�@� �� �� ���� ���� ���3 :��� �H��� #�l� ��@�� �� *�)�� 8�(6� #$� :��� ��. ]|.[���� ��$*7�� �� �9�� #�1�F�
1 Bioremediation 2 Phyto Remediation 3 Raskin 4 Cunningham 5 Berti 6 Schnoor
W��CQQ #�$� ����D L�= �� ��> �9�� #�1�F� !� )�� ��� ]U.[B��7��� [�D�� �$*7�� ��=�� �� �9�� #�1�F� B��7�� ���
�� �1� '�5��� ��7@� L��=� ���� ]�.[�"�F� ��+D 'a��(� � &�)� �< "�.�:4� ���=�� �� ��9�� #��1�F� B��7��� !� ������$*7�� �� �� �4� ����/ �!�6���/ �}��$� \�- 0�l� �� ���.
#$� .�!��$�.� �� :�>\ ��~N E��D ���"� �� ��> ������ ���-+� ��.!�� :"���a� 0�"�5� * wi�E� �� !� H��� '"�� ��� ��.
Y��� * #���� ��> �� ��A�� 1� ���� ##$�]CQ.[�~A * #�$� :"�� #���H ���> ��� &��.��� o�$�� �1� �����
L"� ����! ��. "����� ���� ��� :"���� ������ "��� ]CC.[!� �9� L"� ��1*� ��A�� ��. �1� ����� ���@� ��$� � )-� "�e 1"�
� &�>�� d� * ^�� �� ���5� ,+-� ��.!�� ��� L�(�� 2��` �)�� ��> 0��� *�3�$ #$� :���]CO.[��.��� !� g�� 9� ��
L"� �*� ��1*� � � �a�/ :��� �!�$ ��� 0������� 0�� k~= �*MTBE ��5� ��$� � `��� L"� K� ���!�� �!�$MTBE ��
��1� &�.���V��1���#$� :"� :�� ��< ���$� �� \���� 2��` *WQ"E�� #�+N B.��MTBE b*�� &��A �� "� :�! ���-� :�"��
]Cm.[L"�� ����� � ����! "���� :!*�� �!��$ ���. :"��f�/ ��� #$� b!���/ * `��� ��4�*� !� �� ������� ���. !*� :����$� ��&*7�� "���� ��]Cs.[L"� �� :"�� ����� &��<�� �< ��. "����� "���
��� �� �a��/ :���� �� �$*7�� 8@= * &�.��� �)�� d� * "�� 8�4� ���.����/ ���� �$�� ��� ��1�(� ��� �� �< #$� :")� ���
"� �>��/.
���+,������ �}������ !� �
���> 86�$ �� #$� ��$� ���� L"� ��� R�4��V:���� V ����1� � 8�6(� ��=�� "�e �� ��� .k��;� =���� !� ���"�F� �)�� ��>
"�6. �)�� !� H�� �� �)��)�$*7��( * �)�� �!�$����� ��=�� H������ ����=�� * ����>����> :����� &����. ���� �)���� !� .w��; K���
�����K09� �� �"�� 8�6(� ��� !� C�#�$� :"� :��� B��� .�. ���� K� ���S� �� =��� ��� !� R�"��hi���� * '*��� 8@= �� �"A
� 0�D �g�. "��� .!� &���! 26�= �� ���=�� �. 8�@= �� ���X� � &��� �)�� d� * "�� ����� �F� Z�; ���.
&��. L"� ��� �� �)�� �� ��; �� "�"A ��. � \��� ��> "��� � B��7�� �� �9�� #�1�F� *0�"�5� 7�� �)�� k�;� ��> "�.�
� �$*7�� �� ��� .��� ��;��� ��$*7�� * �)��� �)��� d�� �� ��� 0��(�� �)���� d��� ����=�� o��$�� R�@����$ ���� "�����"������
��> � � ��> �� �!�$ "���.��5� ��� :��� �!�$ &�.��� �a�/'*��� � :���$� �+-� d� * "�� ����� !� ���.
87 �������� ��� ���� � �
1�2��!�$ L"� ��� :"� ��� �� �� 86�$
�����1� * ����> ���e�� 7���� ����> ������ �� * #����H &� ����. � ��� �� �� �l��N * ���> ��>e ���� R��@�� �� ��� "���
���1� �� ���3 �)�� �F� �� �. "���� .���� &��� L"�� ���� �9�� #�1�F� �� ��9� '*��� ������>� ��; B� �� �$*7��
��� �� "�*R�"�� �. ���� ��` ����7@� 2* '*���� �!��$ �� 1*� �A�� ���". ���1� #�= � 7�� �.�&���A �I$�* ���.
�)�� #�$ �� ))� ������ ��� �� ����1� 8�� #��1i= 0�1�"� .��� o$�� ���1� &�7�� #��� ���� ���A�� ���"�� 26= � :
#$� 7�e�� ���6� &� '�()� * R�> ]s.[�� L"� ��� �F$�� �� #��H x�> 1�ge �< #$� ��� �#$� *�������� ��@= z�a���
���� ".��> �A z�a�� &��. .* �)��� ���� R�A ���(� ���!����� &� k�;� �$*7�� '��E#$� �!
)C(i)t()t(Ri ]DG[V
dtdV
β−=
&� �� �< Vi �$*7�� 8@= t &��! VR �)�� 8@=iβ"�1�� �$*7�� 8@=
* :"� "�1�� "�"A �)�� &�7�� �*� �� :"�G(t) *D(t) �` �"�� 2�* d� *"�6. �)�� :} .�)�� '�5$�l� ���VI = VR*1i =β
#$�.* ��$*7�� ��� x��> 0�"5� 0��� x�> :��� ��� 8@= ��!��� �H� �� x��> &�7��� B��7��� ��; !� * �)�� "�� ��= �� �)��
H� �� x�> "�1�� "����x�> ��< #�$� �)��� d� ��=�� !� �!�$ p�"���� � ��� �� �� L*� �A�� ���
)O()t(RiDHB GV]1[VK
dtdV
βΣ+−=
&� �� �< KH �"��� x�> 2�` t&��! z�"�� B* x��> ���"� ���� D
#$� d� ���.
�I���m#$� �)�� d� �� M��� .#$� ��� � �� �@��� �� � L�(�� ��=�� ��� �� �)�� d� !� z/ �$*7�� * �)�� �< "����
)m(DH)t(RiB VKDV]1[
dtdV
−βΣ+=
o��*� a�� ��$ ���� �� x��> * �)�� d� * "�1�� �A z�a�� ��=�� � &�)� �� "�.�.
L"� !� k". �!�$ �� ����1� B.�� &�7�� &��*� #$� �� ��.
�F� &��! "=�*dtdC ��� .�~1�� R� ��� ��l� �� "��� "�1���
)u(dtdcV
dtdvC
dt)CV(d +=
�I��� ��� �� �< C* :"��a� #�+N V#$� 86�$ 8@= .
��a * �)�� ��=�� . �� :"��a� �A ��!��� ���$*7�� ���.�� &� k�;� �! '��E#$�
)W(iiiiiRBIRii CVKC)t(DVC)t(GV
dt)Vc(d
−β−β=
�� �� �<a�� �I� #�$� x�> :��� ��=�� !� :"��a� �*�* &�7�� :"�.� &�)� L*� �+�A
:"��a� ��. �< :"� �� * �� :�� �)�� �� �� x��> �� o(� * "��� �F� �)�� k�;� �.�$*7�� ��+�A * #��� ".��> ��A* :"��a�
:"��a� �*> &�7�� :"�.� &�)� R*� d�� ���=�� �� L*� ��=�� !� �.)�� #$� �.���a o�$�� :"���a� �!�6���/ &�7��� R�$ �+�A ���.
�$*7�� � &�)� �� ".� �!�6���/ 2��` o�$�� &�7��� ���� ��< �� ��$*7�� ��a �� ?�T�1���Ki � ���F� ��� .
x��> :��� * �)�� d� ��=�� ��� a�� �I��� ��� 7��� �����
� �I��� �� * ���s��3 �� ���� &�7��� *dtdc ���=�� �. ����
�� � #$� "��� .��� L��S� &����D ��I��� ���$*7�� ���=�� ����y�� � #$� "��
)y(iii
iitB)t(iRi
i CK]dtdvCCDCGV[
V1
dtdc
−−−β=
�� #56� :"��a� #�+N '���X� g���� �< a�� �I��� �5$�l� �� !� p� . �� &��!m86��$ �� �$�� ����� ���=�� #�$� 0�= *
&� ��"D �:"��a� B.�� &�7�� &��� � �� �.���*� #$�.���� ��� �+�A R��� "��� ����� a��� o���*� #�$�� #��$ ���.����/ * ��.
!� �N �� �< "���� ��F� �� �� �)�� d� * "�� ����� 2��� ��� G(t)
88 ���� � ������ ��� ���
*D(t) � :��� B���� "��� (��� �5�$�l� 0���3 "��� .�� ��� ��*� Z�(l� ���"� :���$� &� !� ���5�� b*� j���.
��)�� ��� L��$ �. �� ��A�� �)�� RA ��"(� &�7��� &����D � ,�F� �)�� ����1�$ B��7�� ��� .L"�� 8�.���� ��� ��A�� �� Φ
�� �! '��E ,�F� ����
)|()]t(Lmax[
)]t(Lmin[)]t(Lmax[ −=Φ
�� ��� �� �<�I� Φ* �)�� B��7�� &�7�� ����1�$ "E��L#�$� �)��� L�; kF� .
,�F� ��� �� Φ��� �1�6?� &�.��� ��� C��� ".��> .a���� ���I��� ��]Lmax[ )t(�� L(Tm/2) *]Lmin[ )t(�� L(™)
��� ".��> .L(t) !� ��� L�g�� �� 7�� L(z,t) Z5;�I��� �! ��#�$� � "��
)U(dz)t,z(L)t(L0∫∞
=
�I��� ��� �� �< Z#$� �)�� Z�D .
� ,���F� ��� �� �A�� �� ��< ��� &�)�� &����2P2e1 −−=Φ.����/ :6�p2!� QW/Q)��!� �� C/Q=Φ(�� * �*�W/O)���
��!� ��/Q=Φ(��� � 8> . � h���4� �< ��� &�)� &��� ��)���
�� ��� ".��> ��� �)�� RA3
2m1
P)Pexp(ZP�����/ ��@��� !� *
P1 � ���F� 7�� ��� . � �)�� * d� ����� ��� :"� R�@�� ,�F� Z5; #��� &���
]CW[�)�� L�; ��X�) =�)�� L�;) * (7�� �)��� d�� &�V&�7���
�)�� "��(
)�(t
Lt
LL)DG( )t()t(
)t()t()t( ∂∂
=∆∆
=×−
�!�$ :��$ �� �I���CQ�� � #$� "��
)CQ()t(L
1DG )t()t( =−)t()t(L
∂∂
'�5�$�l� �>� R�@�� �� �+=� ��� �� 0��\ #�5S� �)���. ������ ��� D(t) *G(t)�� � #$� "��
)CC()]TP
Tt2cos(1[PG
m
5
m4)t(
π+π+=
)CO()]TP
Tt2cos(1[PD
m
5
m4)t(
π+π+=
1 Lumped
�� a�� o��*�P5�� �� �)�� d� * "�� ��� ���! :!�� ����5D )�� �D L�; �� �A�� �� �< #$� ���~� '�(�(l� �*"= *��� :�� � ��� �� ��� .����/P4 �`��� o���*� !� :����$� ��� 7��� ���
'��E�� �! � #$� "��]Cy[
)Cm()
TPsin(T
PP
m
5m
24 π
π=
����/ :"� �\ o��*� ��i�8�@= '����X� &�7��� &����D ��=��i���� ��� �� �)��� 8�@= '����X� "�=�* �� �$*7�� !�
� ��� .:!�"�� #$� 09)� ���6� �$*7�� 8@= �@� Z�3� ��� .,��+-� '���(�(l� �� ����i3�D �����-� ����� ��4���*� ����� !� ��
#�$� :"� ����� ����/ .�@= �5�$�l� ���� ���a 8��$*7�� ���. ����$� 86�$ ������F��r���a *#��-�` ��� ���.RT ��� ��
� ��� ��� .�������
)Cs()]RT)1i(r[]RT)i(r([LV 22i −+−+π=
��� �� �< �I��� i��a kF� i��a !� * #$� R� � �*� +>�� ��. ��� .����I���
a�� � ���. ��< #�$� ��� � �� ���a ���� ������ 8�. �* ���. �)�� �$*7�� ���"� ��A* ,+-� ��. .��8�@= ���� ��I��� :*i�D
�)�� 8@= * �$*7�� !��� ���� #$� .���� �� �� �I��� ��� �� �)��� L�; �� ��X� �$*7�� "�1�� �� 84� ����� �< #$� #�$� *
&� I3 �� �� . �� :��� &�)�� �� ��� �� �A�� �� ��< ���� 2��` �* �@= �$*7�� :})( max
i�a ��� i��� ��! ��I��� !� #�$� � "��
)CW(2max
i1i22
α−+α=β
�< ��a #��-�` ��� ��F� :!�"�� #56� �� #$� ��� i��$*7�� (r/RT) . 86�$ ��� ��. �)��� 8�< 1�ge �� a��� ��I��� ����-�
86��$ �� ���� ���� ".��> �$*7�� 8@= !� ��> 1��ge ��� ���. �a�/ :��� ��� �< �)�� �a�� ���� #$� !��� ��� �I��� ����(� � &�)� �� F3�* ��"(� !� B�� ��� �� ��� �< ".� �������. 0��1�
��a �)�� ��. #$� ,+-� ��. .��� &���D �� ���� ��1*� �� p!� �������. ���� ��� ��max.
i20 �� max.
i40 β:����$�
� ���]C|[.�� ���� #���H��7@� �+E�� &�7�� ��$�� �"��< ��7@� ^�
� ��� �� �� �)�� !� ��� . � �� ��` �< �������a 2���. !� �+E�� ��$�� �$*7�� �� �)�� �"�/ B.�� I> ��; �* "��<
��� �>� ��a ��W/Cx��> :���� 2��` ���� �� "�$�.2��`
89 �������� ��� ���� � �
�+>�� 7���� ���a ����CQ����� ��� �� x��> :����� ��"�(� ���� � ��� . �� R��@�� ���$� ���� �� '���`� ��� #��1�F� ��< ����
��a ��� �� �?�� ���� �.W��� CQQ ��1�F� ���� #��� ��?�� :�#��$� x���> ]CU[.2���` ����>� #��$� �)���� ����7@� 2���` .
���$*7�� * �)���� ����7@� 2���` ���� �"����� x���> 2���` !�:"� R�@�� '�F1�I� � ���� �*� � :�! ���-� :"� x�> ��. ����
]C�[.��1*� ��`� ��$� � �e�� M���� ��$*7�� * �)�� R��� � d� ��=�� ���* &� �� � ��� ��� "��� ����-� �� ��I> [D�� �
�"��� x�> 2�` ���� .#D�$ ��< #�$� ���� �� ��� 0�1� ��a !� �� ���6� �)�� �"��� x�> �$*7�� ��. �< #$� ���>
:��� x�> hi53 "�� .�~1 ��D ����� �. �� �"��� x�> 2�` ���mC :!*� ���� ���"(� CV)!*� (QOO/Q �� ���� ��� �� ���� .
� R���.����/ ���L*"A �� C:"� :��*� "��.
�����?^����" a��#< �� ����� ��@� '��Di;� ��� L"� ���� �6��(� Z��(l� ����� !�
:"��a� �a�/ :��� "���� ��� &��� �� h��>� �< �g�� ��� ���. ��1� :��� �*� �V"���� :����$� :"�� R��@�� ��1�]OQ[.a���F� '
�� 0�6����� "�"�� 0�= �!�� o���� !� :����$� .��� 0�= ������a��F�'����� ��7�� R� !� 0�6����� 6���MATLAB B���*
Qs/|"��� :���$� .
��`U� � a��#< a��F� ��"D 0= !�'L"�� ��� M���� 0�6����� ��@�� ���� *�
�� � #$� "�� . x��> :���� ,+-� =��� 8@= �� M��� L*� ����)�� ��a *86�$ ��� �$*7�� ��.#$� ��� M���� R*� ���� *
#�$� =���� ���� �� #��+N '���X� .:��� ���� !� ���� �. �� ��. � ��.������� � #$� 8�. ��4�� ��� �6��(� &"� &�$� ��� �< "��
8��@= ����.������ �����V#���+N ����.������ 8��. * &����!V&����! ������ ��� ����D ��.��l� ��. ���. ��< =���� #��+N * 8�@= &
"�6. ,+-� �����1*� #��+N * x��> 0�< ���1*� 8�@= ��� 2��� "� 8�6(� ��=�� &� �� ���1�"�"�E�� 26�= � �� ���� &��� ��
���� &���.&��. 09� �� �< ��;O � :"�� �)�� ����8@= ��� M����
#$� x�> :���.�� * :"� 8< x�> :��� &�7�� !� &��! �~� �� &�7����)�� *��:�6� ��; � ���`� �$*7�� �� � ��� .�)��� �< ���!
�� B.�� * ��� 0�+l� �;��� �$*7�� * #� �� d�� ��=�� &�7�� � !� z/ * �)��&�� �� ���`� x�> :��� &�7�� ��>e ���� * ����
� ����� "���.
���
1���86�$ ,+-� ��4�63 �@= "E �� �6��(�8. �� #56�
���*2VL"� ��� �� :���$� ��� R!a =�; ��.����/ ]OQ[�E+)G ���)#�+��S �(«+� !��� 7 ���x5� !��� 7
�)�� ��F� rmmms/Qmm ms/Q��a #��-` ��$*7�� ��.RT mm m/Qmm m/Q
��$*7�� �@= 2�`βmaxβs/Qmaxβs/Q �)�� �"��� x�> #��HKH
CV)!*� (QOO/QCV)!*� (QOO/Q �)�� d� ��=�� �"��< ��7@� 2�`KD
CV)!*� (QQO/QCV)!*� (QQO/Q x�> :��� �"��< ��7@� 2�`KB
CV)!*� (QQQW/QCV)!*� (QQQW/Q)�� B��7�� &�7�� ����1�$ "E�� �ΦO�/Q�U/Q
�)�� Z�D ���)��Zm)������ ��3 Z�D ��� � a�� �)�� "E��(cm OQcm OQ �)�� o$�� �D L�;P5WW!*� WW!*�
95
90
85
80
75
70
7
5
3
1
0
¬�$6�,'�(\E�X
��
�X��
�^��)�� E�<�)���A���
�^���(\E
90 ���� � ������ ��� ���
���
1���:"��a� "E�� &�.��� ,+-� =��� �� :"����3�� �� ��.�1�6?� �U/Q=Φ
�� 09���m�6����(� � �������"�e =����� &�����k~��= �� L"��� :"��a� �1�6?� &�.��� ��� �.)�U/Q=Φ(#�$� :"�� :��� B����.
�6��(� ��� � &�)� ".� :"��a� k~= &�7�� ��)�� �< �.�o�$���a ��$*7�� ��. ��� p��7� �!�6���/ &�7��� ����� * �)���
� R�@�� x�> :��� o$�� ��� .��9� ��A�� 0���3��� ����� &��.�� ��a �< #$� ��� �1�6?� ��$*7�� >� ��. � hi�D ��� ����! �H
� 0�D x�> :��� �� ��5� * "���"� �!�6��/ "���.09�s�6��(� :��� ��� �� B����!� !� 0�E�= �@� ��. * ��.
:��� B�/ �!�6��/ &�7�� !� 0E�= ��. L"�� o$�� :"� ��� ������ � ".�.� :".�)� �< ��I���. L"� ���� ��� ��� ���> ����!�$
:��� B���!� �$ ��� !� 0E�= �@� ��. ��.�"� #�� .���� 0��1� �� �� #���". 7�� �� ��< #�$� x��> !� ���1� &"� �6� ���5D
�� ��� ")� ����+A &� !� Z�(l� ����1� #��� �"�. ��� *§7�A �a�/ :��� "���� o$�� :"� R�@�� �!�6��/"� ��6l�.
���
1���� :"����3�� :"��a� "E�� &��� �6��(��* L"� !� :"�� #$�)���!���4 �@�
3��\ #< �) 7 :��� ���� �� :"� ����� `��� L"� ���1� :��� .�g)���!� ��.V���1�
"��� �6��(� .��I���. � ����� �< � #� :"�����3�� :"���a� &�7�� &��! �� #56� x�> �� �*� p� 1*7� "#���� .:��� ��� L"�� ���.
����> h�56��� Z����I� .�g)�����!���� &�)��� .�����e L���= ��. ����L"��� :"����a� ����$ * &���.��� ����$ ����� ��$�� &*"��� ����. ���. �� �� "����� "��� ��� ��< ."��� ������ ����#Y��< ���. �?�7��
���� * �� �` ���f�. * "���� ���� 4��)� ��� 2� ��< :"�� ��I��� ��� . ��� "��� L"� �� "��� $�� .
Z�(l� ��� �� �� '�Di;� �� L"��#���$ !� :"��� #�$� ���. d�7� @�$�* ")�� .��� ���.����/ '��Di;� !� :"�� ���� ���<
.�g)�����!� #����$ o����� d�7��� ����.���� �� z?F���� ����> �� "��<.
J�&*+)� 1- Hatzinger, P.B., Alexaner, M., Kelsey, J., Kottler, B., and Name, K. (1997). “Sequestration and realistic risk
from toxic chemicals remaining after bioremediation.” Annals New York Academy of Science, 829, 1-5 2- Bossent, I., and Barntha, R. (1984). “The fate of petroleum in soil ecosystems.” Petroleum Microbiology,
1(2), 435-473. 3- April, W., and Sims, R. C. (1990). “Evaluation of the use of prairie grasses for stimulating polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon treatment in soil.” Chemosphere, 20(1-2), 253-265. 4- Schnour, J.L., and Licht, L.A. (1995). “Phytoremediation of organic and nutrient contaminants.”
Environmental Science and Technology, 29(7), 318-323. 5- Shump, J. F., and Tracy, J.C. (1993). “Beneficial effects of plants in the remediation of soil and groundwater
contaminated with organic material.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 23(1), 41-77.
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
6�<�( .���
7�,�"
��)*�X
��
�X��
6���y
"6�<�( .��
91 �������� ��� ���� � �
6- Zamyadi, A., Liaghat, A. M., and Hassanoghli, A. R. (2004). “Investigation into the possibility of phytoremidiation of industrial wastewater containing zinc.” J. of Water and Wastewater, 48, 3-12. (In Persian)
7- Anderson, T.A., Guthrie, E.A., and Walton, B.T. (1993). “Bioremediation in the rhizosphere.” Environmental Science and Technology, 27(13), 2630-2636.
8- Atlas, R. M., and Bartha, R. (1993). Microbial ecology: Fundamentals and applications, Benjamin/Cummings, Publishing Company Inc., Don Mills, SON.
9- Bulan, N., and Adrino, D. (2001). “Rhizosphere the twilight zone of the hidden hall.” Contaminated Soil Sediment Water, 11-13.
10- Hassanoghil, A., Liaghat, A., and Mirabzadeh, M. (2002). “Effect of water reuse on organic matter concentration of soil and its self purification.” J. of Water and Wastewater, 42, 2-11. (In Persian)
11- Briggs, G.G., Bromilow, R. H., and Evans, A.A. (1982). “Relationships between lipophilicity and root uptake and translocation of non-ionised chemical by banley.” Pesticide Science, 13, 495-504.
12- Paterson, S., Mackay, D., and Mc Farlane, C. (1994). “A model of organic chemical uptake by plants from soil and atmosphere.” Environmental Science and Technology, 28(13), 2259-2266.
13- Zhang, Q., Davis, L. C., and Erickson, L. E. (2001). “Phytoremediation on methyl-tert-buthyl ether (MTBE) in groundwater- experimental of and modeling studies.” Environmental Sience and Technology, (35), 725-731.
14- Pirazizi, A. A. (2002). “Process of environmental models in developing countries.” J. of Water and Wastewater, 41, 57-63. (In Persian)
15- Chang, Y. M., and Carapciuglu, Y. (1998). “Plant- enhanced subsurface bioremediation of nonvolatile hydrocarbons.” J. of Environmental Engineering, 2, 162-164.
16- Eissenstat, G., and Yanai, A. (1997). “Ecology of root lifespan.” Advanced in Ecological Research, 27, 1-60. 17- White, P. L., Thoma, G. J., and Reynolds, M. (2003). “Influence of organic and inorganic soil amendments
on plant growth in crude oil- contaminated soil.” Implication J. of Phytoremiditation, 5, 281-292. 18- Anderson, T.A., and Guthie, E.A. (1993). “Bioremediation in the rhizosphere.” Environmental Science and
Technology, 27(13), 2630-2636. 19- Dormaar, J. F., and Willms, W.D. (1993). “Decomposition of blue grama and rough fescue root in prairie
soils.” J. Range Management, 46, 207-213. 20- Ezzatian, R. (2008). “Laboratory research and mathematical modeling for purification of oily polluted soils
by phtoremidiation with using native plants.” Ph.D. Thesis, College of Environmental, Sciences and Research Branch, Azad University, Tehran. (In Persian)