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Published by:Program Studi Pendidikan Administrasi PerkantoranFakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Makassar

Jurnal

ISSN (Print): 2407-1765ISSN (Online): 2541-1306Volume: 6Number: 2Pages: 95 - 198Makassar, July - December 2019

JURNAL A’DMINISTRARE Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Haedar Akib, Public Administration Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

REVIEWERS Muhammad Kristiawan, Universitas Bengkulu (ID Scopus: 57205367909), Indonesia

Ilham Rifai Hasan, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

Dahyar Daraba, Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN) Jatinangor (Scopus ID:57203950667), Indonesia Risma Niswaty, Universitas Negeri Makassar (ID Scopus: 57203950667), Indonesia

Rudi Salam, Universitas Negeri Makassar (ID Scopus: 57203402520), Indonesia

M. Ikhwan Maulana Haeruddin, Universitas Negeri Makassar (ID Scopus: 57189044445), Indonesia Didin Hadi Saputra, University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Indonesia

Rakhmat Prof, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

Rifdan, Universitas Negeri Makassar Sam'un Jaja Raharja, Padjajaran University, Bandung

fakhri kahar, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

SECTION EDITORS Ahmad Wahidiyat Haedar, Univerisitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia Nur Aliah, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

Haerul Haerul, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

COPY EDITOR Muh. ilham bakhtiar, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia Nasrul Ihsan, Universitas Negeri Makassar

EDITORIAL ADDRESS

Program Studi Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial

Universitas Negeri Makassar

Jl. Raya Pendidikan Gunungsari Baru Makassar, 90222, (0411) 830366,

Fax (0411) 855288, Email: [email protected]

Website:http: http://ojs.unm.ac.id/administrare/

Volume 6 Number 1 / July-December 2019 ISSN (cetak): 2407-1765

ISSN (Online): 2541-1306 Acreditation Number: (RISTEKDIKTI) 34/E/KPT/2018

http://ojs.unm.ac.id/administrare/

FOREWORD

Alhamdulillah, Praise be to Allah SWT, because the JURNAL

A’DMINISTRARE: Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi

Perkantoran has been published. In this issue there are twelve scientific

articles which are the results of research and one scientific article which is a

theoretical study. All articles published have passed the review process by at

least 2 reviewers. Article management follows nationally accredited journal

governance standards and each process is recorded in the Open Journal

System (OJS).

We express our gratitude to bestari partners who have studied the

article substantially, so that the quality of articles published by Jurnal

Ad’ministrare is always guaranteed, both the originality of his work and the

novelty of the focus of the study and the quality of his writing. Jurnal

Ad’ministrare has been Nationally Accredited with Rank 3 SINTA Predicate

by the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher

Education Number 28/E/KPT/2019.

We do not forget to express our gratitude to the writers who entrust the

publication of the results of their research, and have followed each stage of the

article management process properly. Hopefully this publication can

contribute to the development of the treasury of science and research in the

field of Public Administration.

Makassar, December 2019


ISSN (Online): 2541-1306 Acreditation Number: (RISTEKDIKTI): 34/E/KPT/2018

Table of Contents

Articles

Implementation of the Use of Lecture Method in Filing Subjects at the Department of

Office Vocational School YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar Muslimin Muslimin

Sirajuddin Saleh

Muh. Darwis

10.26858/ja.v6i2.11831

95-104

Influence of Compensation on Work Performance in the District Office of Bissappu,

Bantaeng Regency Widya Permata Indah Sari

Jamaluddin Jamaluddin

Sirajuddin Saleh

Sitti Hardiyanti Arhas

10.26858/ja.v6i2.11832

105-114

Analysis of Political Broadcasting and Application Of P3SPS Broadcasting In Local

Television and Network Station Systems an Makassar City A. Muh Fadli

Risma Niswaty

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12066

115-122

The Influence of Room Prices and Promotion Costs on Hotel Room Occupancy Rates in

Palopo City, South Sulawesi Wayan Suardana

Muhadjir Suni

Masri Ridwan

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12081

123-130

Overview of Public Services at the One-Stop Investment and Integrated Service Office of

South Sulawesi Aris Baharuddin

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12096

131-136

Analysis of Employee Competency Development at the Corporate Headquarters of

Makassar Raya Makassar City Market Jumalia Mannayong

Haerul Haerul

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12428

137-144

Service Quality of Border Region Higher Education Libraries Muhammad Nur

Marisa S.B. Seran

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12429

145-152

Volume 6 Number 1 / January – June 2019 ISSN (cetak): 2407-1765 ISSN

(Online): 2541-1306 Acreditation Number: (RISTEKDIKTI): 34/E/KPT/2018

https://ojs.unm.ac.id/administrare/article/view/11831


https://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ja.v6i2.11831


















E-Government Implementation in the Education Zone Service in Makassar City Dety Yunita Sulanjari

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12430

153-158

Knowledge Management: Sustainable Human Resource Development in Public Sector

Organizations Tunggul Prasodjo

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12466

159-166

Student Perception of ESP Business English Teaching Implementation in Makassar

National Informatics Polytechnic Rahmi Rahmi

Abduh Abduh

M. Sofyan

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12468

167-176

Analysis of Genesis Rain in Spring Transition in Makassar Candra Febryanto Patandean

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12470

177-188

The Government’s Role in the Development of Yendi Beach Tourism Destinations in

Biak Numfor Regency Djamil Hasyim

Amiruddin Gunawan

Moh Sudi

Delly Mustafa

Rijal Rijal

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12471

189-198














JURNAL A’DMINISTRARE Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Haedar Akib, Public Administration Department, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

REVIEWERS Muhammad Kristiawan, Universitas Bengkulu (ID Scopus: 57205367909), Indonesia

Ilham Rifai Hasan, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

Dahyar Daraba, Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN) Jatinangor (Scopus ID:57203950667), Indonesia Risma Niswaty, Universitas Negeri Makassar (ID Scopus: 57203950667), Indonesia

Rudi Salam, Universitas Negeri Makassar (ID Scopus: 57203402520), Indonesia

M. Ikhwan Maulana Haeruddin, Universitas Negeri Makassar (ID Scopus: 57189044445), Indonesia Didin Hadi Saputra, University of Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, Indonesia

Rakhmat Prof, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

Rifdan, Universitas Negeri Makassar Sam'un Jaja Raharja, Padjajaran University, Bandung

fakhri kahar, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

SECTION EDITORS Ahmad Wahidiyat Haedar, Univerisitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia Nur Aliah, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

Haerul Haerul, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia

COPY EDITOR Muh. ilham bakhtiar, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia Nasrul Ihsan, Universitas Negeri Makassar

EDITORIAL ADDRESS

Program Studi Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial


Jl. Raya Pendidikan Gunungsari Baru Makassar, 90222, (0411) 830366,

Fax (0411) 855288, Email: [email protected]

Website:http: http://ojs.unm.ac.id/administrare/


ISSN (Online): 2541-1306

Acreditation Number: (RISTEKDIKTI) 34/E/KPT/2018

http://ojs.unm.ac.id/administrare/

FOREWORD

Alhamdulillah, Praise be to Allah SWT, because the JURNAL

A’DMINISTRARE: Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi

Perkantoran has been published. In this issue there are twelve scientific

articles which are the results of research and one scientific article which is a

theoretical study. All articles published have passed the review process by at

least 2 reviewers. Article management follows nationally accredited journal

governance standards and each process is recorded in the Open Journal

System (OJS).

We express our gratitude to bestari partners who have studied the

article substantially, so that the quality of articles published by Jurnal

Ad’ministrare is always guaranteed, both the originality of his work and the

novelty of the focus of the study and the quality of his writing. Jurnal

Ad’ministrare has been Nationally Accredited with Rank 3 SINTA Predicate

by the Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher

Education Number 28/E/KPT/2019.

We do not forget to express our gratitude to the writers who entrust the

publication of the results of their research, and have followed each stage of the

article management process properly. Hopefully this publication can

contribute to the development of the treasury of science and research in the

field of Public Administration.


ISSN (Online): 2541-1306

Makassar, December 2019

Acreditation Number: (RISTEKDIKTI): 34/E/KPT/2018

Table of Contents

Articles

Implementation of the Use of Lecture Method in Filing Subjects at the Department of

Office Vocational School YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar Muslimin Muslimin

Sirajuddin Saleh

Muh. Darwis

10.26858/ja.v6i2.11831

95-104

Influence of Compensation on Work Performance in the District Office of Bissappu,

Bantaeng Regency Widya Permata Indah Sari

Jamaluddin Jamaluddin

Sirajuddin Saleh

Sitti Hardiyanti Arhas

10.26858/ja.v6i2.11832

105-114

Analysis of Political Broadcasting and Application Of P3SPS Broadcasting In Local

Television and Network Station Systems an Makassar City A. Muh Fadli

Risma Niswaty

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12066

115-122

The Influence of Room Prices and Promotion Costs on Hotel Room Occupancy Rates in

Palopo City, South Sulawesi Wayan Suardana

Muhadjir Suni

Masri Ridwan

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12081

123-130

Overview of Public Services at the One-Stop Investment and Integrated Service Office of

South Sulawesi Aris Baharuddin

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12096

131-136

Analysis of Employee Competency Development at the Corporate Headquarters of

Makassar Raya Makassar City Market Jumalia Mannayong

Haerul Haerul

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12428

137-144

Service Quality of Border Region Higher Education Libraries Muhammad Nur

Marisa S.B. Seran

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12429

145-152

Volume 6 Number 1 / January – June 2019 ISSN (cetak): 2407-1765 ISSN

(Online): 2541-1306

Acreditation Number: (RISTEKDIKTI): 34/E/KPT/2018





















E-Government Implementation in the Education Zone Service in Makassar City Dety Yunita Sulanjari

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12430

153-158

Knowledge Management: Sustainable Human Resource Development in Public Sector

Organizations Tunggul Prasodjo

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12466

159-166

Student Perception of ESP Business English Teaching Implementation in Makassar

National Informatics Polytechnic Rahmi Rahmi

Abduh Abduh

M. Sofyan

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12468

167-176

The Government’s Role in the Development of Yendi Beach Tourism Destinations in

Biak Numfor Regency Djamil Hasyim

Amiruddin Gunawan

Moh Sudi

Delly Mustafa

Rijal Rijal

10.26858/ja.v6i2.12470

177-186












Implementation of the Use of Lecture Method in Filing Subjects at the

Department of Office Vocational School YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar

Muslimin1, Sirajuddin Saleh

2, Muh. Darwis

3

1,2,3 Universitas Negeri Makassar

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In an effort to educate the life of the nation, then one way that can be done is through education. This

research aims to determine the implementation of the lecture method use in archival subjects in the

Department of Office Vocational School YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar. This research uses qualitative research

with a qualitative descriptive approach. Informants in this study were 5 (five) people. Data collection was

carried out through interviews, observation and documentation techniques. The data that has been

collected is processed using analytical techniques namely data reduction, data presentation and

conclusions or verification. The results showed that the use of lecture methods in archival subjects in the

Department of Office SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar, in general, has been well implemented. This is

assessed from the three stages in the use of the lecture method, the first is the preparation phase carried

out by the teacher before starting the implementation of learning in the classroom which results are

categorized as good, the second stage of the implementation starts from the opening step and the

presentation step by the teacher when the class is assessed to be running well, and the third step

ends/closes the lecture where the results are also considered to be going well. So the use of lecture

methods in archival subjects at the Department of Office Vocational School YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar has

been implemented well

Keywords: Implementation, methods, learning, lectures

INTRODUCTION

In an effort to educate the life of the nation, one way that can be done is through education

(Akib & Saleh, 2015; Suprianto, Arhas, & Salam, 2018; Syarifuddin, 2016). Education is a

major factor in the formation of good or bad human person (Sirait, Arhas, & Suprianto, 2019).

Aware of this, the government is very serious in handling the education sector, because with a

good education system, it is expected that the next generation of qualified and capable of

adapting themselves to live in a society, nation, and state

The renewal of education is applied in various ways. As educators, teachers must know

and be able to implement educational reform in order to develop a conducive learning process

so that maximum results can be obtained. One form of renewal learning by utilizing learning

methods that are active, effective and fun for students in interesting ways so that students'

curiosity about the subject matter increases (Arhas, 2018). It's no longer the time for a teacher

to only rely on lectures in delivering material. Teachers are required to be active and creative in

guiding students toward learning goals.

Jurnal Administrare: Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran Vol. 6, No. 2, July-December 2019, Pages 95-104 p-ISSN: 2407-1765, e-ISSN: 2541-1306 Homepage: http://ojs.unm.ac.id/index.php/administrare/index

Copyright © 2019 Universitas Negeri Makassar. This is an open access article under the CC BY license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

mailto:[email protected]

96 Jurnal Administrare: Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran

Volume 6 Number 2 July- December 2019. Pages 95-104

The main task of a teacher is to educate, teach and train students (Fransiska, 2016; Salam,

Zunaira, & Niswaty, 2016). To be able to carry out these tasks properly, teachers must be able

to master a variety of abilities. One of the abilities that must be mastered is to develop

themselves professionally. This means, teachers are not only required to master teaching

material or be able to present it appropriately but are also required to be able to assess their own

performance. This ability is related to research which is mainly focused on the circumstances

surrounding the classroom, namely research in the classroom itself.

Determining the method or technique of learning activities is an important step that can

support the success of achieving goals. The activity must be adjusted to the goal. In determining

this learning activity the teacher must determine which activities are necessary and unnecessary.

There are many choices for a teacher in carrying out learning. One way is to use the lecture

method. One of the most commonly used learning methods is the lecture learning method. It is

different from other learning methods, for example the project method, the experimental

method, the discussion method, the demonstration method, and others. The lecture learning

method is the most traditional or classical learning method that has long been used in education

(Afandi, Chamalah, & Wardani, 2013; Maimunah, 2016; Olusegun, 2015; Sani, 2014).

Although the lecture learning method in the history of education is a classical method, the

method is still relevant for use even the majority of educators in the world of educational

content still use lecture learning methods in collaboration with other learning methods.

Therefore, to be able to know the extent of success that can be achieved by students in

mastering the subjects given by the teacher in the classroom, then the lecture learning method is

used as one of the learning strategies.

METHOD

This research is a type of research that uses qualitative research as a research procedure

that produces a description of written and oral words from people and observable behavior,

which is carried out at SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar. The data source in this study consisted of

5 informants namely the head of the office administration department, 1 subject teacher and 3

students. The focus of this research will describe the implementation of the use of lecture

methods in archival subjects with indicators of the preparation stage, the implementation stage

and the closing stage of learning. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews,

and documentation. Checking the validity of the data used is the extension of observation,

triangulation and member checks. While the data analysis techniques used are data

condensation, data presentation, and conclusions.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results of research conducted at SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar against 5 informants,

using the interview method as the most important data collection tool, in order to obtain data

about the implementation of the use of lecture method in archival subjects in the Department of

Office of SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar. Informants in this study are Rahmawati, S.Pd, Ulfa

Magvirah, S.Pd., Rizal, Wahyuni and Tri Ardianti. To find out the implementation of the lecture

method use in archival subjects in the Department of Office Vocational School YPLP PGRI 1

Muslimin et.all; Implementation of the Use of Lecture Method in …|97

Makassar can be seen through the responses of informants who are considered representative

and observations obtained in the field. For more details, will be described in detail based on

interviews obtained from each indicator:

Preparation Phase

In the preparation phase, the teacher prepares conditions for students to learn by doing

apperception. After checking the attendance list, the teacher communicates to students in the

form of questions about students' readiness to take lessons that day. With enthusiasm, by using

the Indonesian language the teacher tries to involve students both physically and

psychologically to prepare themselves to follow the lesson. This communication is used to

foster student interest in the lessons and material that will be delivered. That way students

become more excited and ready to follow the learning.

The first step in the preparation phase is the formulation of learning objectives.

Formulation of learning objectives after conditioning students to be ready to learn, then the

teacher conveys learning objectives or competency standards and basic competencies to be

achieved at each meeting. Then the teacher explains how the learning objectives can be

achieved. What is conveyed by the teacher is in accordance with the learning objectives that

have been made in the learning implementation plan or often abbreviated as RPP. Each semester

the teacher must make initial plans that are formulated in the syllabus and lesson plans that will

be used when learning in class, because it is an obligation for a teacher to prepare everything

starting from the learning objectives made in the syllabus and other learning materials. In

learning, there are no significant obstacles because sometimes they can be overcome easily.

Because the difficulty depends on the material to be delivered and the ability of students, and

usually the difficulty is found. In formulating learning it is quite easy and surely students will

easily reach the learning goals. But in reality the learning objectives are very difficult to achieve

by students. The teacher does not know whether at that time students are really not interested in

the material they have given, but sometimes the material that is considered difficult for students

actually easily achieves the learning objectives. Besides that, the observations made by

researchers regarding the teacher preparation stage in formulating learning objectives, which

generally seen all teachers always prepare learning materials at the beginning of the semester by

making various learning materials ranging from syllabus, lesson plans, and learning tools to be

used to teach in class.

The second step in the preparation session is the subject matter which after the teacher

explains the learning objectives then the teacher then starts the subject matter. The teacher

directly submits archival material presented with explanatory material explanations. A teacher

determines the subject matter to be discussed, while the benchmark is to look at textbooks

because the book used is in accordance with the existing syllabus. So the compilation of

learning objectives is in accordance with the syllabus, the teacher only needs to continue the

previous learning. When the teacher explains the material about archiving, the teacher does not

experience problems, because the teacher always discusses the material to be discussed at the

next meeting, so that students have the opportunity to find and use previously the material to be

discussed by the teacher. However, teachers who have difficulty in choosing material to be used

for grade II students. Sometimes teachers also have difficulty determining the sources or library

materials to be used, which are appropriate for students or not, so students' abilities are



different. So students who are quick to answer explanations or questions from the teacher, then

they will also quickly speak what are the indicators while students who do not understand or

quickly understand will come out from other friends. Based on responses from interviews and

also the results of research conducted by researchers regarding the preparation of learning

materials, which can refute discussions about the teacher that can be done to make good

preparation for learning, and also the teacher has been able to determine the subject matter that

has been provided with a variety of literature contained in the syllabus, and besides determining

the subject matter also based on seeing the condition or character of students in receiving the

explanation of the subject matter.

Implementation Stage

The implementation phase is the procession stage of learning in the classroom, in this

implementation phase a teacher must prepare the opening step and the step of the presentation.

The way to open learning is done as a kearispan teacher by giving a freelance story to students,

and for new students, an introduction is made to be more intimate with students and in addition,

it must be done for the opening in teaching by the teacher by explaining the objectives learning

materials. Regarding the opening done by the teacher it is known that there are several ways that

are often done in opening learning, some are telling stories freely with students about life and

there are also by explaining the learning objectives to be taught at that time. However, in

opening learning not all teachers do attendance at the beginning of learning, sometimes there are

also teachers who simply explain the subject matter and later at the end of the material then the

teacher does attendance.

Based on the results of the interview above, it is known that in this implementation phase,

especially in the opening step aspect, the teacher generally performs the opening phase by

giving appreciation and absentee activities, so it can be concluded that the opening step carried

out by the teacher has been implemented well. In the learning process the teacher has tried to

teach by paying attention to students' gestures when the teacher explains the subject matter, and

the teacher also always seeks to explain the subject matter in simple language and accompanied

by concrete examples that can be directly observed by students. The explanation above can be

concluded that the implementation of the lecture method at the implementation stage, in general,

can be said to have been going well, this can be seen by the process of opening and presentation

steps carried out by archival subject teachers who have all been carried out systematically.

Closing Stage of Learning

The final process before being approved is finally guiding/asking students to make or make

conclusions on the lessons that have been submitted and after students provide comments

related to the subject matter then the teacher conducts an evaluation. From this evaluation the

teacher can find out the level of achievement of the learning objectives that have been

formulated. in general the teacher compilation has explained all the subject matter and before

ending the learning in class, then a teacher usually asks one of the students to give a conclusion

on the material that has been agreed by the teacher. As a teacher is usually also done before

holding a meeting in class is to discuss a little material that will be discussed at the next

meeting, discussing that students can do first at home before the material is discussed in class.


Evaluation by the teacher at the end of the lesson is important for the teacher to do so that the

teacher can understand about students' level of understanding in receiving subject matter. The

evaluation process is often done by teachers in general by giving assignments, be it the task of

making summaries or assignments by giving questions that will be done by each student in

Animal Husbandry. There are also teachers who support meetings that can be done also by

providing motivation to students, the motivation provided is the motivation to learn that is

needed so students can be more motivated to study hard, and what is done is done to prove that

teachers must be able to help these students have approved subject matter delivered.

Based on some of the information above it can be concluded that the implementation of

learning to end or close the lecture can be said to have gone well, where this can be said so

because the teacher conducts a question and answer system to students on the material that has

been delivered then the teacher or student tries to give the conclusion of all the material that has

been taught on that day, and after that the teacher also asks students to work on assignments

whose purpose is to evaluate the extent of the success of learning done by the archiving teacher.

Of the three aspects above related to the use of lecture methods in archival subjects through

the three aspects of the lecture method namely aspects of the preparation stage, the opening

stage and the steps to end/close the lecture in which all three aspects are said to have gone well,

this means it can be assessed the use of the method lectures on archival subjects by teachers at

the Vocational School YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar, in general, can be said to have been

implemented well.

Discussion

Preparation Phase

Regarding the preparation phase by the teacher in determining the subject matter, which

can be concluded that in general, the teacher has been able to prepare well for learning. The

preparation phase carried out by the archiving teacher is in the form of preparing syllabus and

lesson plans and preparing learning materials and preparing learning tools to be used when

teaching and learning in class.

The preparation phase undertaken by the teacher especially the archival subject teacher is

considered to have gone up, this is because the teacher formulates the learning objectives to be

achieved related to the competency of archival subjects in the formulation of these objectives

formulated in the syllabus and lesson plan of the archival subjects. In the process of formulating

goals carried out by archiving teachers in SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar sometimes find

obstacles to formulating goals such as sometimes teachers find it difficult to chronicle the

subject matter contained in the literature with the current field conditions used.

Based on these learning objectives a teacher can develop various ways through materials,

methods, and media to achieve the goals that have been formulated by conducting an

assessment or evaluation to ensure that the expected goals are actually achieved. This goal

covers the skills that must be mastered by students to be implemented. According to (Sanjaya,

2015) this goal is an operational objective that students can achieve in a short amount of time

when study hours are over.

n the process of teaching and learning that learning objectives in the form of instructional

goals are a very important factor, with the establishment of clear objectives the direction of



learning in accordance with educational goals. According to Sadiman in (Sanjaya, 2015),

learning objectives are statements that indicate the behavior that must be achieved by students

after following a certain instructional process. Formulating learning objectives in the form of

instructional goals must be oriented towards students with stated operational verbs. These

instructional objectives have two types, namely general instructional objectives and specific

instructional objectives. General instructional objectives are the ultimate goal of instructional

activity. Whereas specific instructional objectives are intermediary objectives to achieve general

instructional goals.

After finding the learning objectives outlined in the lesson plan, the teacher then

determines the main points of the material which is the way the teacher uses to condition the

class regarding the time of using the lecture method. After knowing the subject matter that must

be delivered to students, the teacher will not use this lecture method which can help learning to

become very monotonous and busy. The use of the lecture method needs to be accompanied by

the use of assistive devices. This is done to improve the quality of lectures conducted. Allows

students to understand the subject matter properly and can achieve the learning goals that have

been previously formulated.

Apart from the teacher's duty to determine the learning objectives, the teacher as well as the

teacher should master the material or subject matter that will be taught and always develop and

improve their abilities. Because it is actually the teacher himself is a student who is learning

continuously. Teachers are a place to gain knowledge for their students. As a teacher, he must

help the development of his students to understand, and master knowledge. For this reason the

teacher should be able to motivate students to always learn on various occasions. This ability is

not only based on theories obtained from education but must be lived and addressed as an art.

As we know elementary school teachers not only have to master one subject area of study, but

rather all subjects. Therefore continuous learning to explore teaching materials is inevitable.

The teacher is said to be someone who manages the learning activities for the students.

Everything related to learning activities in the classroom becomes the authority and

responsibility of the teacher. Any learning resources that will be used in the classroom are

entirely in the hands of the teacher. Learning methods which will be applied in the classroom to

present certain subject matter are also the responsibility of the teacher. Even though there is

already a guide about the learning methods that are set for the teacher to use in presenting the

subject matter, but still the teacher has the authority to choose and determine the learning

methods that will be used in the classroom.

The main task of the teacher is to teach students, namely to condition students to learn

actively so that their potential (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) can develop optimally.

With active learning, participation in each learning activity, will be trained and competence is

formed which is the ability of students to do something positive in the end which will shape life

skills as a provision of life and livelihood. So that the above can be realized, the teacher should

know how students learn and master various ways of learning students. Teaching and learning

activities are connected with the way the teacher delivers the subject matter so that it can be

understood by students receiving the material delivered by the teacher. So that student learning

activities are much influenced by teacher activities. In teaching and learning activities, learning

media is something that can be used as a means of connecting to achieve the message that must

be achieved by students in learning activities. Often we find other terms that are similar or may

have the same connotation, namely "teaching aids" and "learning aids", of the three


understanding experts behave by distinguishing them, but those who use them with the same

interpretation.

Implementation Stage

At the implementation stage for the lecture method conducted by the teacher in the learning

process in the classroom, there are two steps of concern for the teacher namely the opening step

and the presentation step. From the results of the study found by researchers, which is known

that the implementation of the lecture method at the implementation stage, in general, can be

said to have been going well, this is because in the opening step by the teacher by giving an

explanation to the students in advance about the purpose of the material he will be invited, after

that at this stage the teacher will also conduct an appreciation activity in which the teacher will

review some of the previous subject matter by linking the material that will be delivered at the

ongoing meeting.

The implementation phase activities carried out by the archival teacher at SMK YPLP

PGRI 1 Makassar are also a learning tradition that exists at SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar,

where the majority of teachers at SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar generally conduct appreciation

activities at the beginning of the learning process in class. It is very important for a teacher to

carry out creative activities before the subject matter is delivered to students, where the goal is

to measure or assess students' understanding of the material that has been taught at the previous

meeting. Whereas at the implementation stage in the presentation step undertaken by the YPLP

PGRI 1 Makassar Vocational School teacher, this was also considered to be good, because in

the process of delivering subject matter to students, archival teachers always tried to keep eye

contact with students, and aside from that, The teacher also tries to provide an explanation of the

material using easy language so that students can more easily digest each word or sentence

delivered by the teacher.

The learning objectives will be well realized, if the teacher can explain the subject matter

well too, therefore, a teacher must be able to explain or explain the subject matter systematically

and be able to respond to all questions or responses from students about the material presented.

The YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar Vocational School teacher, especially the archival subject teacher,

has shown the teaching process using the lecture method by always explaining the subject

matter systematically, which means that the archival teacher is trying to explain each of the

main points of discussion and also the teacher always responds to the students' questions by

answering the students' questions.

Closing Stage of Learning

A teacher who uses the lecture method in the learning process must be closed so that

learning materials that are understood and mastered by students do not fly anywhere. Create

activities that allow students to keep remembering the subject matter. From the results of

research on the steps to end or close the lecture which is considered to have gone well, where

this can be said so because the teacher can perform various activities in the process of closing

learning in class, such as first, guiding students to draw conclusions or summarize the subject

matter just delivered by the teacher. Second, stimulate students to be able to make a response or



give some kind of review about the learning material that has been delivered. Third, the teacher

evaluates to find out how far his students master the learning material that he just submitted.

Regarding this end-stage is also very important for a teacher, because in the ways that are

done as described above, a teacher can judge by knowing the extent to which students

understand the subject matter that has been described. In addition, at the end of the class

meeting a teacher is also diligent in giving homework to students whose purpose is to train

students' level of understanding of the material taught to them. For the subject matter of the

filing, it indeed seems to indeed seem to require a lecture method as an explanatory and

developer step-by-step of making and practicing a kearsipan system. However, the use of this

method does not exceed beyond the allotted time, because it will take up the time of students to

pay attention in the classroom and outside the classroom. For this reason, archival participants

must be able to manage the class and see the situation of students. Then the teacher should be

able to explain the steps of work in detail because usually, students are more difficult to carry

out a good archive of storage according to the type or archive system used.

The problem of the method of delivering archival subject matter used by the teacher during

the learning process can be by not using the lecture method, but by utilizing the media so that

the teacher saves more time to explain and students will more quickly understand the material

without having to feel bored listening to the teacher's explanation. As stated by (Uno, 2010) that

the lecture method is a way of presenting lessons through verbal closure or direct explanation to

a group of students. The use of good and appropriate lecture methods will make it easier for

teachers to deliver subject matter and students will be younger at understanding teacher

explanations. In order for this lecture method to succeed, there are a number of things that the

teacher must pay attention to, both at the preparation stage and at the implementation stage.

According to (Sanjaya, 2008) that the teacher plays an important role in the teaching and

learning process. Teaching and learning process as a system of activities carried out in the

classroom or outside the classroom. The teacher selects and ranks the learning material, the

application and use of learning methods, the delivery of learning material, the instructor of

learning, to the evaluation of learning outcomes.

Every teacher who teaches must find a problem, especially if you have to teach students

who are already known to be all different from each student, there are those who have a good

level of understanding and some who are lacking. Problems found in the teaching and learning

process are based on the components in the learning process. As stated by (Sanjaya, 2010)

components in the learning process, namely objectives, subject matter, learning methods or

strategies, media, and evaluation. Before conducting learning a teacher is obliged to make a

teaching device that originates from the syllabus also called the design of the learning process.

This teaching tool is a weapon for teachers to make students learn. Of course, before this device

is used the teacher must first arrange carefully. But the main part that must be made by the

teacher is to formulate in advance the learning objectives to be carried out.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of research and discussions that have been carried out by researchers,

it can be understood that the use of lecture methods in archival subjects in the office department

of SMK YPLP PGRI 1 Makassar has generally been well implemented. This is assessed from


the three stages in the use of the lecture method, which is the teacher's preparatory stage before

starting the implementation of learning in class. The results are categorized as good, both stages

of implementation start from the opening step and the presentation step by the teacher when in

class are considered to be going well, and which the three steps to end/close the lecture where

the results are also considered to be going well.

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Influence of Compensation on Work Performance in the District

Office of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency

Widya Permata IS1, Jamaluddin

2, Muh. Sirajuddin Saleh

3, Sitti Hardiyanti Arhas

4

1,2,3,4 Universitas Negeri Makassar


ABSTRACT

The potential of every human resource in each office must be utilized as well as possible so as to provide

optimal output. This study aims to determine the effect of compensation on employee performance in the

Bissappu District Office, Bantaeng Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach with a population of

52 and determining the amount of 5 percent of the population so that 46 samples are obtained. Of the 46

samples 44 of them were made as Respondents and 2 were used as Informants. Data collection techniques

observation, questionnaire, interview, and documentation, while the data analysis technique used is the

percentage statistics. The results showed that the effect of compensation in the District Office of Bissappu

in Bantaeng Regency was classified as very high in terms of indicators of direct compensation and

indirect compensation. The work performance of employees in the Bissappu District Office of Bantaeng

Regency is classified in the very high category in terms of indicators of work quality, work quantity, level

of reliability, and attitude. Hypothesis testing results indicate that there is a significant relationship

between compensation for employee performance in the District Office of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency.

Keywords: Compensation, employees, work performance

INTRODUCTION

Human resources are the main actors that drive the governance of an organization both

private and government organizations. So that human resources are used as the main actors in

the organization, of course, must be filled by people who are elected. In other words, those who

can sit and carry out the task are people who have more capabilities than others who have an

important role either individually or in groups. Every organization will always try to improve

the ability of its organization, one of the ways taken is to improve the ability of its employees,

for example by providing appropriate compensation by calculating work performance, with the

hope that what the organization's goals will be achieved. Improving the quality of employee

resources becomes very urgent and needs to be done in a planned, directed and continuous

manner in order to improve the ability and professionalism (Akhmad, 2016; Amirullah & Saleh,

2015; Norani, Amirullah, & Darwis, 2015).







The office must pay attention to the principle of justice in determining its compensation

policy (Handoko, 2011; Wairooy, 2017). Internal justice or consistency means that the amount

of compensation must be related to the relative value of the works. Such as providing salaries to

employees on a periodic basis, providing benefits to employees who have participated well in

achieving organizational goals. And the most important point is giving incentives to employees

because of the success of their work performance. The existence of human resources in an office

plays a very important role. The workforce has great potential to carry out office activities. The

potential of every human resource in each office must be utilized as well as possible so as to

provide optimal output (Gani, 2014; Saleh, 2014).

The Bissappu sub-district office has 52 sub-districts, of which 26 civil servants and 26 are

still honorary so that the compensation greatly influences the work performance of the sub-

district apparatus, especially the honorary status. The Bissappu Department of Health is one of

the offices that has the most subdistricts in Bantaeng Regency. The form of compensation

received by the sub-district apparatus is in the form of direct and indirect compensation with

different nominal amounts. Differences in compensation are made because of differences in

positions held by employees. The compensation is given by the office certainly has a significant

impact on employee work performance. Wherewith the compensation given, the employees feel

more valued than what they have done and the compensation will also be able to increase the

enthusiasm of the employees to always perform better.

METHOD

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of compensation on

employee performance in the District Office of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency. This study has

two variables, namely the independent variable and the dependent variable. The independent

variable (X) is compensation and the dependent variable (Y) is work performance. Therefore,

this research approach is a quantitative approach. Indicators for the variable X are direct

compensation and indirect compensation. While indicators for the Y variable are quality of

work, quantity of work, level of reliability and attitude. The measurement variable used is a

Likert scale. The total population of 52 employees, while those selected as the research sample

were 46 employees. Data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaire, interview,

and documentation. Data analysis techniques consisted of descriptive statistical analysis and

inferential statistical analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis consists of percentage, mean and

standard deviation. Whereas inferential statistical analysis consists of product-moment

correlation analysis and regression analysis that was previously tested by data normality.


In order to determine the effect of compensation on employee work performance in the

Bissappu District office in Bantaeng Regency, a questionnaire instrument was used as a data

collection technique for variables X and Y. Furthermore, in hypothesis testing, quantitative tests

were performed using statistical formulas and computer software with the Statistical Product

program Standard Solution (SPSS) 20 which is considered relevant for data analysis which aims

Widya Permata IS et.all; Influence of Compensation on Work Performance …|107

to determine the level of influence of Compensation on employee work performance in the

Bissappu District Office of Bantaeng

Compensation Description

Descriptive analysis is intended to determine the level of employee compensation in the

Bissappu District Office of Bantaeng Regency. The data presented in this study are data

obtained as a result of scores from the research questionnaire related to the compensation

variable. In the compensation, variable consists of two indicators, namely direct compensation

and indirect compensation. For more details can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Compensation Data Analysis Results

Source: Data processing results

Direct compensation which is an indicator of compensation is in the very high category

with a percentage level of 84.64 percent. The percentage results show that employees in the

Bissappu District office in Bantaeng Regency have received direct compensation in the form of

salary/wages. This is consistent with the results of an interview with Mr. M. Amin Basi, S. Sos,

M. Si (Camat Bissappu) revealed that "regarding giving direct compensation to employees

raises no suspicion that wages or bonuses have been deducted or compensated which is given

either were or not until the intended hand ".

Indirect compensation which is an indicator of compensation is in the very high category

with a percentage level of 86.59 percent. The percentage results show that employees in the

Bissappu District office in Bantaeng Regency have received indirect compensation in the form

of benefits, health insurance, and promotion of positions. This is in accordance with the results

of an interview with Mr. Andi Yakub, S.STP (Sekcam Bissappu) who explained that "Indirect

compensation or benefits in employees are different from benefits in the company. If employee

benefits have a name for office benefits (Structural Position), so indirect compensation is

different for each employee. "

Based on the results of the percentage of compensation variables in the District Office of

Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency is in the very high category with a percentage level of 85.51

percent, this is in accordance with the opinion (Sugiyono, 2017) that 81% - 100% categorized

very high. This shows that the provision of compensation in the Bissappu District office in

Bantaeng Regency is in the very high category in terms of indicators of direct compensation and

indirect compensation. While the mean of the compensation variable is 38.47 with a standard

deviation of 2.334.

Based on the analysis and interview results it can be concluded that the compensation

picture is in the very high category, which is more likely to be influenced by indirect

Indicator n N Persentase (%) Category

Direct compensation 931 1100 84,64 Very high

Indirect compensation 762 880 86,59 Very high

Total 1693 1980

Very high



compensation indicators that have a higher percentage than the other indicators which is at the

percentage level of 86.59 percent.

Description of Work Performance

Descriptive analysis is intended to determine the level of work performance of employees

in the District Office of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency. The data presented in this study are data

obtained as a result of scores from research questionnaires related to work performance

variables. The employee performance variable consists of four indicators, namely quality of

work, the quantity of work, level of reliability and attitude. For more details, can be seen in

Table 2

Tabel 2. Work Performance Data Analysis Result

Source: Data processing results

The quality of work that is an indicator of work performance is in the very high category

with a level of 88.79 percent. The percentage results show that employees in the District Office

of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency can complete office work in accordance with the expected

work. This is in line with the results of an interview with Mr. M. Amin Basi, S. Sos, M.Sc

(Bissappu Sub-District Head) who revealed that, "work performance produced by employees in

terms of quality depends on the individual employees because there is a level of self-awareness

itself, but as can be seen now the work performance of employees has been going well

especially with the ASN law on employees as state servants being demanded that the work

performance produced is accountable and has competence in their respective fields ".

The quantity of work that is an indicator of work performance is in the very high category

with a percentage level of 89.32 percent. The percentage results indicate that employees in the

District Office of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency can work in accordance with the specified target

(quantity) of work. This is consistent with the results of an interview with Mr. Andi Yakub,

SSTP (Sekcam Bissappu) who stated that "Almost all employees work according to targets and

use work time as efficiently as possible so that their work performance is satisfactory".

The level of reliability that is an indicator of work performance is in the very high category

with a percentage level of 87.73 percent. The percentage results indicate that employees work

according to instructions from the leadership. This is consistent with the results of an interview

with Mr. M. Amin Basi, S. Sos, M.Si (Bissappu Sub-District Head) who stated that, "the level

of employee reliability varies, which is above standard and still standard depending on capacity.

One of the things that affects the educational background and perseverance. It is very visible

that the reliability of employees with a bachelor's education background compared to those who

Indicator n N Persentase (%) Category

Work quality 586 660 88,79 Very high

Work quantity 393 440 89,32 Very high

Reliability level 386 440 87,73 Very high

Attitude 781 880 88,75 Very high

Total 2146 2420

Very high


only graduate from high school. But there are also some employees with low education, such as

high school, but the level of reliability is above the standard because of the intention to study

diligently and follow the rules ".

Attitudes that are indicators of work performance are in the very high category with a

percentage level of 88.75 percent. The percentage results indicate that the attitude between the

leaders and subordinates is well established. This is consistent with the results of an interview

with Mr. Andi Yakub, SSTP (Sekcam Bissappu) who stated that "the priority attitude is that the

staff respects the leader, the leader also respects his subordinate staff".

Based on the results of the percentage of work performance variables in the District Office

of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency is in the very high category with a percentage level of 88.68

percent, this is in accordance with the opinion (Sugiyono, 2017) that 81% - 100% categorized

very high. This shows that the level of work performance in the District Office of Bissappu

Bantaeng Regency is in the very high category in terms of indicators of work quality, work

quantity, level of reliability, and attitude. While the mean of the work performance variable is

48.77 with a standard deviation of 2.568.

Based on the results of analysis and interviews it can be concluded that the level of work

performance in this office is in the very high category, which is more likely to be influenced by

indicators of work quantity that has a higher percentage than other indicators which is at the

percentage level of 89.32 percent.

The Influence of Compensation on Work Performance

a. Data Normality Test

Before conducting further analysis, it is first necessary to know whether the data of this

study have met the requirements for using statistics that will be used in hypothesis testing.

Testing the analysis requirements for statistical use is data obtained at least normally distributed.

Data normality test is intended to determine the normality of data from the compensation

variable and work performance.

The criterion used is to compare the price of chi square and chi square tables. The

condition for chi squared is that chi square is smaller or equal to the chi square table (Xh2

≤ Xt2)

then henceforth the data is declared normally distributed, if something happens otherwise the

data is said to be abnormal. The results of normalcy data in this study after being processed

using SPSS 20 can be seen in Table 3.

Table 3. Data Normality Test

Variable Xh2 Xt

2 Df Meaning

X Compensation 20,500 21,026 12 Normal

Y Work Performance 23,500 23,685 14 Normal

Source: Data processing resultsSPSS 20



From table 3 it can be seen that the calculated chi-squared (Xh

2) compensation variable is

20,500 smaller than the chi-squared table (Xt2), which is 21,026 with a value of Df 12. While

the work performance variable in the Bissappu District office the chi-square value is 23,500

smaller than chi the square of the table is 23,685 with a value of Df 14. From the normality test,

the data shows that the compensation variable and work performance variable in the Bissappu

District office in Bantaeng Regency, are declared normally distributed because they meet the

requirements.

b. Product-moment Correlation Analysis

The product-moment correlation test is intended to determine whether there is a

relationship between compensation for employee performance in the Bissappu District office in

Bantaeng Regency. The following shows the correlation test results in Table 4:

Tabel 4. Summary of Product Moment Correlation Analysis Results

Source: Data processing results SPSS 20

Based on the correlation analysis of the product-moment calculation results obtained by the

correlation between the implementation of the filing system (X) and employee performance (Y)

that is r of 0.354 after being interpreted according to opinion (Sugiyono, 2017), The score is in

the interval 0.20-0.399 which has a low relationship level.

c. Simple Linear Regression Analysis

The purpose of using a simple linear regression is to test the hypothesis in this study that

"allegedly there is a significant influence between compensation for employee performance in

the District Office of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency". Testing criteria is if Fcount greater than Ftable

at a significant level of 5% then H0 rejected stating that there is no effect of compensation on

employee performance and H0 accepted which states that there is an effect of compensation on

employee work performance. For more details, see Table 5:

Table 5. Analyst Summary of Simple Linear Regression

Variable B Fcount Sig Ftable Sig

Constant 33,872

5,565 0.000

6,014 0.018

Compensation 0,387 2,452 0.018

Source: Data processing results SPSS 20

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate

1 .354a .125 .104 2.43089


To find out the simple linear regression F test is used through the ANOVA table. The

accepted hypothesis is H0 : α : β = 0 resist H1 : α : ≠ 0 or β ≠ 0. From the results of the

calculation of the F test obtained Fcount is 6,014 with Ftable (0.05 : 1 : 44) of 4.06 which means

Fcount bigger than Ftable, becauseFcount bigger than Ftable so H0 is resist and H1 accepted which

means there is a dependence of the compensation variable on work performance so that the

results of data processing directly in this study with the hypothesis that "allegedly there is an

influence of compensation on employee performance in the District Office of Bissappu

Banateng Regency" can be Accepted .

Discussion

Compensation Description

The process of administering wages or salaries (called compensation) involves a

consideration or balance calculations. Compensation is something that is considered as

something comparable. In staffing, monetary gifts are compensation given to employees in

appreciation of their services. Forms of remuneration, forms of wages, and salaries are used to

regulate financial giving between superiors and subordinates.

Compensation plays an important role in an office, in order to obtain an objective in

accordance with the previous plan, according to the results of the study showed that in the

Bissappu District Office Bantaeng Regency the application of compensation is in the very good

category, seen from several indicators namely direct compensation and indirect compensation.

In accordance with the results of the study showed that direct and indirect compensation is in

the very good category. This shows that the provision of direct and indirect compensation to the

staff of the Bissappu District office has been going well. Where the provision of direct

compensation such as salaries or wages of each employee is clear according to the salary rates

of other local governments as well as regarding other incentives/bonuses according to employee

work performance. And the benefits of employees are different from the benefits of the

company. If employee benefits have a name for office benefits (Structural Position), the amount

of indirect compensation is not evenly distributed for each employee. Therefore, giving

compensation is very important for every employee in supporting work performance both

directly and indirectly.

Description of Work Performance

The term performance comes from the word Job Performance or actual Performance (work

performance or actual achievement achieved by someone. Understanding work performance is

the work in quality, quantity, level of reliability, attitudes achieved by an employee in carrying

out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to her.

The results showed that the work performance of employees in the District Office of

Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency was in the very good category. This is indicated by work

performance indicators namely work quality, work quantity, level of reliability, and employee

attitude. Quality of work is accuracy in work that employees must pay attention to so there are

no mistakes in the number of jobs. In addition, employees must also be efficient in using work

time so that work can be completed on target. In addition, factors that must be considered in



supporting employee work performance are the level of reliability and attitude. In working,

employees must be reliable in completing tasks given by the leadership and work according to

the applicable rules so that the work is completed quickly and precisely by prioritizing a good

attitude of cooperation between the leader and colleagues. Therefore employee work

performance is very important in supporting the success of an office because it has formed a

great potential that will move to achieve the office's objectives so that it can be seen how

employees can be responsible and provide maximum service to the community.

The Influence of Compensation on Work Performance

From the results of the study found that there is a significant relationship between

compensation for employee performance in the District Office of Bissappu, Bantaeng Regency

with a low level of relationship. In accordance with the results of hypothesis testing it was found

that there was an influence between the compensation variables on work performance in the

Bissappu District Office. Thus, the hypothesis says that "there is an effect of compensation on

work performance in the Bissappu District Office", otherwise accepted.

Job performance is basically a key factor for developing an office effectively and

efficiently, because there is a better program of human resources in the office, especially for

employees who have the knowledge (skills), and abilities (ability) so as to produce an

achievement for each particular employee. As a form of retribution for employee work

performance, namely by providing direct and indirect compensation so that employees feel

satisfaction with what they have done.

Mc. Gregor stated that "Work performance is very closely related to training and

development issues, career planning/promotion and wage issues". With the existence of direct

compensation and indirect compensation, statements can be fulfilled by Mc. Gregor.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the study, archival management at the East Pasimasunggu District

office in the Selayar Archipelago Regency is in a fairly good category. This is demonstrated

through the focus of research, namely: the creation of the archive is in the good enough

category, the use of the archive is in the good enough category, the storage of the archive is in

the good enough category, the maintenance of the archive is in the not good category,

depreciation and annihilation are in the not good category.

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Analysis of Political Broadcasting and Application Of P3SPS Broadcasting In

Local Television and Network Station Systems an Makassar City

Andi Muh. Fadli 1, Risma Niswaty

2

1 Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

2 Universitas Negeri Makassar

E-mail: [email protected],

2 [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In mass communication, one of the most influential media in forming public opinion is television. This

study aims to determine and analyze: the form of political broadcasts on local television and network

station systems in Makassar City; and the application of P3SPS in political broadcasts on local television

and network systems in Makassar City. The assessment approach uses media studies, research studies

focus more on the phenomenon of online media with a focus on the application of values and ethics of

journalists, also related to the process of making news, disseminating news and performance, access to

news and practice in dismissing hoax news. Informants involved in this study, such as: Television Media

workers in Makassar City; Experts or Media Practitioners in Makassar City; and government authorities

such as the KPID of Makassar City. The form of political broadcasts on local television and the network

station system in Makassar City consists of three, namely political news, political dialogue and political

advertising. The application of P3SPS in political broadcasts on local television and network systems in

Makassar City is carried out according to procedure. During the open campaign process in broadcasting,

there were violations that were violated by broadcasters.

Keywords: politically charged broadcasts, Broadcast Code of Conduct and Program Standards, online

media, journalistic values and ethics

INTRODUCTION

Since the beginning of the presence and development of media in western countries, it has

been seen as one of the most effective tools for developing public discourse and opinion.

Therefore, the media has a role in various arenas of public life, including in the political aspect.

One of the roles of the media is to disseminate political influence and shape public opinion that

is scheduled by political actors.

From the development of the media and its potential to shape and influence public

opinion, experts then refer to the media as a fourth force in the context of social, economic and

political life (Niswaty & Arhas, 2019; Suprianto, Arhas, & Salam, 2018). Even mentioned as

the fourth pillar of democracy. Because the media has a strong role in controlling power in a

country.

In mass communication, one of the most influential media in forming public opinion is

television. Hermin Indah Wahyuni said that like other mass media, television was born as an

entity rooted in its social environment. Television is a business entity, social entity, cultural

entity, as well as a political entity (Sandoval Forero, 2002; Solihat, 2008; Wulandari, 2017)








Until now, television was considered to still have a large role in disseminating these

political interests. In the Indonesian context, for example, various ways are used by political

actors to include their political agenda in the transformation of mass media information such as

television (Hollander, D’Haenens, & Bardoel, 2009; Taqwa, 2009) . Including by influencing

the ownership of the media itself. However, this influence can be anticipated by the enactment

of various regulations and guidelines in the information dissemination system. Like the validity

of the code of conduct and behavior for television media actors in the process of producing

information which is ultimately consumed by the public.

A media attains temporary objectivity in the newsroom various interests intervening in

the news production process. The appearance of the media becomes a projection of the power of

the dominant ideology that controls the media (Choo, 2011; Newton, 1999; Salam, Zunaira, &

Niswaty, 2016; Saleh, Arhas, Haerul, & Nasaruddin, 2019). Factuality is associated with the

form of presentation of reports about events or statements that can be checked for truth at the

source and without comment. Impartiality is associated with attitudes that distract personal and

subjective judgment in achieving desired goals. Factuality is determined by truth criteria, among

others; integrity of the report, the accuracy of which is supported by a person's consideration of

an information, regardless of the importance of the contents of the information. Denis, (in

Sudibiyo, 2001: 47) argues, objectivity can be achieved in three ways: Separation between facts

and opinions, presenting news without emotional situations, being honest and balanced towards

all parties.

METHOD

This research uses a qualitative methodology. The scope of research is on television and

networked stations in Makassar City. The location determination is based on observations

related to the presence of television media that are actively providing news in the Makassar city

community. The time was carried out in June-August in 2019. The Research Approach was

understood in two perspectives, first the assessment approach used the study of media studies,

the research study focused more on the phenomenon of online media with a focus on the

application of values and ethics of journalists, related also to the process of making news,

disseminating news and performance, access to reporting and practice in political news and the

application of behavioral guidelines and broadcast program standards for Makassar network and

local television stations.


In order to determine the effect of compensation on employee work performance in the

The magnitude of the influence of the tv media places it in a strategic position not only in the

dissemination of information in general, but also in political messages or in the interests of

power to influence public political views and choices. Utilization of the influence of TV media

is especially carried out by political actors who have strong relations and capital to the

ownership of the TV media industry. As seen or witnessed publicly during the 2019 presidential

and vice presidential elections. Not only national TV, local stations and networks that operate

in the provincial capital cannot be separated from the influence of local politics. Although the

A.Muh. Fadli & Risma Niswaty; Analysis Of Political Broadcasting …|117

level of percentage cannot be stated in more detail, the indication can be seen from the framing

of local broadcast content.

Forms Of Political Broadcasts On Local Television And Network Station Systems In

Makassar City

TV broadcasting is formally regulated in Act No. 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting.

Specifically in article 13, which explains broadcasting services. Based on data from the

Communication, Information, Statistics and Statistics Office of South Sulawesi, the number of

local television stations that broadcast actively in Makassar City is 3 stations, namely TVRI

Sulsel, Celebes TV and Fajar TV. Previously, there were local stations that tried to broadcast,

namely Ve Channel and GO TV which used Sakti TV. In addition, there are also network tv

stations such as NET TV Sulsel, TV One Bureau, Trans TV and Trans 7, MNC group inews

group and Kompas TV Bureau.

Each bureau broadcasts local broadcasts at least 20 percent of all broadcast hours. One of

the local networks that is not in the form of a bureau is Net TV Sulsel. This television uses

channel 57 which is broadcasted through stations in Takalar Regency. The obligation of each

national TV network to local networks also requires the media to broadcast local information

that can be watched by the public in parts of South Sulawesi. To be able to broadcast Net Sulsel

using the local TV station network of Horizon Adyswara Media.

From the data of the South Sulawesi Communication and Information Agency, the

number of companies or local TV broadcasting institutions that submitted the licensing process

to the South Sulawesi Regional Broadcasting Commission (KPID) in 2017 is actually far more

than the number that currently exists in broadcasting. The number reached 30 institutions, most

of which received recommendations and permits. A total of 12 of them are domiciled in

Makassar City while others are scattered in other areas.

The main obstacle faced by local TV broadcasts is a small source of advertising revenue.

Advertisers from the private sector generally choose to advertise through national TV

broadcasts in Jakarta because of the wider broadcast coverage. Some local TV broadcast

managers complain about regulations that do not regulate the private sector so that they

advertise according to the broadcast area.

The framing of information in the news is strongly influenced by factors which by

Shoemaker and Reese (1996) are divided as follows: individual level. The characteristics of

communicators - in this case individual media workers - such as gender, ethnicity, and personal

experience, not only shape their attitudes, values and beliefs, but also shape their professional

ethics and roles; Media Routine Levels, routine is defined as all activities that are repeated and

patterned at work. Media routines function so that the media responds in a way that is

predictable and not easily violated. This routine forms a set of rules and becomes an integral

part of the work of media professionals; Organizational Level, media organization is defined as

a formal social and economic entity that employs media practitioners to produce media content;

Extra Media Levels, these are factors outside the media organization that can influence media

content, such as information sources (interest groups, etc.), sources of profit (advertisers,

audience), other social institutions (business and government institutions), and the economic

environment and technology; Ideological Levels, ideology is a symbolic mechanism that

functions as a cohesive and integrative force in society. As a relatively formal and articulated



system of meanings, values and beliefs, ideology functions as the way people view the world.

But on local TV political broadcasts during the regional elections (Pilkada), the third and fourth

factors were the most influential elements. Local broadcasters really use political momentum to

benefit economically by framing. This effort aims to improve the image of politicians who

participated in the elections, even used to disseminate political information that can reduce the

popularity of political opponents (negative and black campaign).

In the election of the Mayor of Makassar in 2018 for example, framing politicians in

political news was very easily identified on local television broadcasts in Makassar. One of

them was on the Celebes TV news broadcast. This broadcasting institution is one of the local

television media that owns the highest percentage of news broadcasts and talk shows in

Makassar. Therefore often referred to as the first local news TV in Makassar. This broadcast

media is also the only local TV that airs for 15 hours with own production program and fully

involving local resources. Its ownership is also purely controlled by local entrepreneurs, namely

the Aksa Mahmud family, the businessman who founded the well-known company, Bosowa

Corporation.

In the context of realizing a democratic post-conflict local election, political broadcasts

through mass media such as television have been regulated in the regulations of the General

Election Commission (KPU). (Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum 2009), explains that

reporting, broadcasting and campaign advertising is the delivery of campaign messages by a

candidate pair to the public through printed and electronic media repeatedly in the form of

writing, pictures, animations, promotions, sounds, demonstrations, plays, debates, and other

forms that contain invitations, appeals to provide support to candidate pairs.

The regulation also explained the form of the campaign which included the dissemination

of political messages through television broadcasts as part of it. Specifically the form of

campaign referred to in the General Election Commission is as follows: limited meetings; face

to face and dialogue; dissemination through print and electronic media; broadcast via radio and /

or television; disseminating campaign materials to the public; installation of props in public

places; general meeting; public debate / open debate between candidates; and / or; other

activities that do not violate the laws and regulations, including declaration or convention of

candidate pairs by political parties or a combination of political parties, birthday / milad events,

social and cultural activities, sports competitions, istighosah, leisure walks, grand tabligh, arts

and bazaars and general meetings.

The issuance of KPU regulations which helped define political broadcasts through

television and radio as a campaign message practically dragged the KPUD to be involved in

efforts to create justice in the use of broadcast media for political purposes. Therefore, in

addition to exercising its authority on a regular basis in overseeing broadcasting, the KPID has

the duty and responsibility in creating direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair

elections. In carrying out this task, KPID stands on the rules stipulated in the Broadcasting Law

No. 32/2002, Law 33/2009 concerning Film and KPU regulations. Based on these state

products, the KPID focuses monitoring of political broadcasts related to the General Election

and the Regional Head Election on the following aspects: legality or licensing; neutrality, fair

and balanced; advertising (percentage, duration, frequency); public service announcements

(non-partisans) to increase political participation & solicitation for post-conflict local elections;

blocking time; sensor pass mark; content (messages and visualizations); time / broadcast hour;

child exploitation; quick count; errata; archive broadcast


2018 became a gamble on the image of Celebes TV as a local broadcasting institution

which has three big missions as expressed in the first part of this research. Celebes TV has also

been known as an independent local broadcasting institution and upholds balance in every

presentation of its information. However, his position as a broadcasting institution required by

the law to be a social and political glue was tested by the advancement of one of the members of

the tv-owned family in the election of the mayor of Makassar. Munafri Arifuddin, son-in-law of

Aksa Mahmud, registered through a number of political parties to fight the candidate who was

serving as Mayor of Makassar at the time, Muhammad Ramadhan Pumanto (Dani).

Munafri paired up with South Sulawesi Nasdem Party politician Andi Rahmatika Dewi or

familiarly called Cicu. The election of the mayor of Makassar in 2018, which involved them,

was full of conflict. During the campaign and election period, these politicians used a strategy

of all means aimed at killing the character of political opponents. Including the use of tv in the

form of news framing that can be analyzed from the news since 2017. Exactly when the

candidate begins to socialize and register as an official participant through political parties or

through individual candidates to the organizer or the Regional Election Commission of South

Sulawesi.

For a mass media politician, it can be categorized as a political resource that can be

utilized as much as possible to support political victory. This is as explained in the previous

section, because television media has a wide reach and is one of the effective means of

disseminating information in the public domain. Therefore, in many political events, television

media are always used to improve the political image of actors or political elites. At the national

level too, the indications can be seen

from the development of mass media ownership, including television controlled by

businessmen as well as politicians. In the context of the 2018 Makassar mayor election, Celebes

TV can also be categorized as capital owned by Munafri's political camp as one of the

candidates in the election because it is part of the owner. Moreover, as a newcomer to the

political stage, his popularity was still far below that of a Dani who had served as the mayor of

Makassar before.

This can be seen from the hard work of Munafri's political camp which from the

beginning controlled the political party's door so that Dani could not run for office. However,

because Dani's political electability in 2017 to 2018 was very high, especially with the support

of the bureaucratic network in Makassar City because he served as mayor of Makassar he still

had opportunities through individual channels. In various surveys, Dani Pumanto's position is

always in the top position to beat other candidates.

Based on the results of the monitoring of South Sulawesi KPID, Celebes TV broadcasts

during the 2018 Pilwalkot process had an influence on the mapping of local television political

broadcasts and network stations in Makassar City. As can be seen in table 2. Mapping

conducted by KPID lasted from February to June against 6 TV stations (Table 1). The news

about Munafri reached 382 with positive prominence while Dani only 67 news, and on the

contrary Dani who then partnered with Indira Mulyasari had negative news, as many as 206

news, while Munafri only 27 news.



Tabel 1. Mapping of Makassar’s Mayor Election News & 2018 South Sulawesi Regional

Election

Positive Negative Neutral

Dani Pomanto /

Empty Box

67

206

Munafri Arifuddin 382 27

Nurdin Halid 44 0

Agus Arifin

Nu’mang

17 0

Nurdin Abdullah 26 0

Ichsan Yasin Limpo 33 18

Neutral 899

According to South Sulawesi KPID member, Herwanita, from the 6 TV stations that were

the object of KPID monitoring, Celebes TV was the largest broadcasting contributor to Munafr

positive news and Dani negative news.

This does not only happen at Celebes TV, a number of other TV stations also do the same

thing. Most do not pay attention to the principles of balance, including in the selection of

disproportionate sources. At the 2018 Pilwalkot Makassar, local TV stations even seemed to

show positions opposite from the side of the news prominence. Local media in this case became

an arena for political discourse to raise the image of their respective heroes. See table 4 for the

selection of speakers at the local Fajar TV station. During February the KPID data showed that

there were more informants from DIAmi's political camp and his campaign team than the Appi-

Cicu camp. Far back compared to the Celebes TV news broadcast.

Table 2. TV News in South Sulawesi Regional Election and Makassar Regional Election,

February 2018

No TV Station/ Candidate Positive Negative

1 Celebes TV

- DIAMI 2 89

- APPI-CICU 134 2

2 Fajar TV

- Dani Pomanto 14 6

- Munafri 4 8

3 Inews

- Dani Pomanto 10 1

- Munafri 2 3


No TV Station/ Candidate Positive Negative

4 TVRI

- Dani Pomanto 0 0

- Munafri 0 0

5 Ve Channel

- Dani Pomanto 1 3

- Munafri 3 0

6 Metro TV

- Dani Pomanto 0 0

- Munafri 1 0

CONCLUSION

The form of political broadcasts on local television and the network station system in

Makassar City consists of three, namely political news, political dialogue and political

advertising. The frequency of coverage in the Makassar mayor election was dominated by

Munafri Arifuddin and Rahmatika Dewi (Appi-Cicu) in a positive tone. This is inversely

proportional to the Dani Pomanto - Indira Mulyasari (DIAMI) couple who received a large

amount of negative tones. The main issue that made the DIAMI couple's negative tone large

was the issue of abuse of power by candidate Dani Pomanto who was also the incumbent of the

mayor of Makassar. In dialogue, the frequency of broadcasting in the Makassar mayor election

tends to be neutral, although in some topics DIAMI candidate pairs (before being disqualified)

get more negative notes. Then the advertisements, distribution during the open campaign and

the campaign period in the mass media, especially television in the Makassar Mayor election

contest in 2018 were dominated by candidate pairs Munafri Arifuddin and Rahmatika Dewi

(Appi-Cicu) this was due to the death of the Dani Pomanto-Indira Mulyasari (DIAMI)

contestants who became the the sole opponent of the Appi- Cicu pair due to abuse of authority

when they were the Mayor of Makassar.

The application of P3SPS in political broadcasts on local television and network systems

in Makassar City is carried out according to procedure. During the open campaign process in

broadcasting institutions in South Sulawesi, there were violations that were violated by

broadcasters. Among them is the issue of imbalance in broadcasting institutions which violates

Article 71 of SPS Point 2 regarding "Broadcasting programs must be fair and proportionate to

participants in the General Election and / or Regional Head Elections". But South Sulawesi

KPID puts forward a persuasion approach to broadcasters, and applies sanctions to the extent of

a written warning.



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The Influence of Room Prices and Promotion Costs on Hotel Room

Occupancy Rates in Palopo City, South Sulawesi

Wayan Suardana1, Muhadjir Suni

2, Masri Ridwan

3

1,2,3 Poltekpar Pariwisata Makassar

E-mail: 1 [email protected],

2 [email protected],

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Hotel competition in South Sulawesi Province in 2018 has increased. This study aims to: determine the

price of hotel rooms in the city of Palopo, South Sulawesi Province, find out how the cost of hotel

promotions in the City of Palopo, South Sulawesi Province, find out whether the room price and

promotion costs have a significantly positive effect on hotel room occupancy rates in Palopo City, South

Sulawesi Province. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. Data collection techniques

used are the method of observation, documentation techniques and questionnaires. The results showed

that of 17 Hotels / Pensions / Villas in Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province, the room occupancy rate

was on average 27%. Promotion fee is Rp. 17,368, - per room. Of the two regression coefficients

possessed by the two independent variables, the two independent variables (X1) namely room price and

promotion costs (X2) have a significant positive effect on the occupancy rate of the room (Y).

Keywords: Room Rates, Promotion Fees, Room Occupancy Rate

INTRODUCTION

The hotel industry plays a very important role. The hospitality industry has a significant

influence not only on tourism competitiveness but also on general development in an area of a

city or country (Attila, 2016). In Indonesia, industrial competition is not much different from the

conditions in various countries in the world. In 2018 the competition in the hotel industry

increased, especially in the area of South Sulawesi Province. The Central Bank of the Republic

of Indonesia in the South Sulawesi Province Economic Report 2019 stated that 2.98% of

inflation pressure eased compared to the previous quarter of 3.08%. Characterized by the

growth of hotel rooms that are experiencing very rapid development. The price of hotel needs

has also increased, while room occupancy tends to decrease due to the mushrooming growth of

hotels in South Sulawesi.

The Indonesian economy has recorded strong growth over the past few decades (Niswaty,

Juniati, Darwis, Salam, & Arhas, 2019). In recent years the pace of economic expansion has

been accompanied by a steady decline in output volatility and relatively stable inflation (Elias &

Noone, 2011). The decline in world economic growth also impacts on the decline in economic

growth in Indonesia, one of which is that many companies were once successful, ultimately due

to global competition. Tempo Magazine reported that the list of companies that went bankrupt

in the South Sulawesi region included PT Sunjin Industries Indonesia (leather factory), PT

Taisui (wood factory), and PT Citar Sekar Wangi (cashew processing factory). The companies









that changed production include PT Bosowa Plastindo Perkasa, PT Polywood Forest Industries

and PT Rotan Sulawesi. One industry that has the potential to close down is the industry in the

hotel sector. The contributing factor is the amount of growth in the hotel sector, this

phenomenon has an impact on declining room occupancy rates, while tourists or business

activities have not experienced a significant increase in South Sulawesi. Thus, hotel leaders are

required to always follow economic trends.

The Presidential Election on April 17, 2019, investors are still waiting for the results, who

will lead the Indonesian people going forward and what political policies are implemented for

the sake of increasing economic growth. Room occupancy rates also take part in economic

growth, in Indonesia in general, in Sulawesi in particular, will have an impact on the decline in

room occupancy rates so that they can understand the situation and respond to events that affect

the conditions of companies in the hotel sector.

One of the effects of an unstable economic situation is the decline in the value of the

rupiah against foreign currencies, inflation that tends to increase, interest rates are still high, a

decline in economic conditions that have an impact on decreasing tourist trips both foreign and

domestic tourists are very closely related to the means accommodations like hotel. The higher

level of travel both in the form of business and tourism interests also determines hotel

occupancy rates. The number of tourists has a positive and significant effect on the Local

Revenue. (Riri, 2014)suggested that the number of tourists had a positive effect on hotel

occupancy in the city of Padang with a coefficient value of 0.399, this coefficient value was

significant because t-counts were large from t-tables. While Supriyanto's research (2017) says

that the number of tourists has a positive and significant influence on hotel tax revenues in the

city of Makassar. In the study, the results of the path analysis showed that there were indirect

and direct effects of the number of tourists on hotel tax revenue with GRDP as an intervening

variable.

The Chairman of South Sulawesi Province PHRI, Agiat Sinaga said: "The occupancy rate

of hotel rooms has tended to show that the graph has declined in the last three years". In South

Sulawesi there are around 13,350 hotel rooms with occupancy rates in 2017 an average of 58%.

The number of Hotels in South Sulawesi is about 265 hotels consisting of 158-star hotels and

the rest are non-star hotels. Chairman of PHRI South Sulawesi). To increase the room

occupancy rate, one of them is a promotion from both the government and the hotel itself.

One of the potential areas for the development of the hotel industry in South Sulawesi is

in the City of Palopo. This potential is supported by the existence of Palopo City as the

economic center of the northern region of South Sulawesi. Its position is at the gateway of sea

transportation as the largest port after the Ports of Makassar City and Pare-Pare. Palopo's

orientation as an economic center can support the MICE Industry. This was confirmed by

(Ummi & Marwan, 2013) suggesting that Palopo City has a spatial structure policy that

embodies an activity center that strengthens agro-industry, trade and service activities as well as

tourism and other city activities optimally.

Palopo City which has been equipped with Lagaligo Airport in Bua has a great

opportunity as an alternative location for tourists who will visit Tana Toraja as a tourist transit

location. Thus, this opportunity can contribute to the level of room occupancy (one night stay)

before tourists continue their journey to the main destinations in North Toraja and Tana Toraja

Regencies.

Wayan Suardana et.all; The Influence of Room Prices and Promotion Costs …|125

However, the problems that occurred in Palopo City, particularly in the hotel sector, were

identified as follows: 1) The marketing strategy brought with it the consequence of the declining

quality and marketing strategy of the service business, 2) The decreasing level of demand for

accommodation services managed by the hospitality business. Based on the identification of

these problems, it can be said that the sluggish hospitality business as a result of inadequate

marketing strategies that are appropriate, thus affecting the sales of the room occupancy rate.

Baharman Supri and Rudianto's research (2017) strengthens the evidence that the Role of Hotel

Taxes in the City of Palopo Against Economic Growth over the past five years (2013-2017) has

fluctuated with each value being 123.13%; 105.51%; 113.30%; 121.21%; and 74.47% while the

hotel tax realization for the last five years (2013-2017) tended to decrease respectively by

7.86%; 7.82%; 7.84%; 7.90%; and 7.84%.

A series of efforts have been made by the local government and hotel management in

Palopo City, one of which is marketing, both domestically and abroad in accordance with their

competencies, improving employee welfare in the form of facilities and funds owned, but the

low occupancy rate of hotel rooms in Palopo City. South Sulawesi Province.

METHOD

This type of research is descriptive quantitative research. (Sugiyono, 2012) suggested that

descriptive quantitative research as a research method based on the philosophy of positivism.

The location of the study was in hotels in Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province. Data on room

rates, promotion costs, and occupancy rates will be obtained through direct interviews with

hotel employees, as well as questionnaires. Data Collection Techniques used in this study were

collected using several techniques, namely: observation method, namely by conducting a direct

review of the activities of hotels in Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province; documentation

techniques, data collection is done through available documentation at hotels in Palopo City,

South Sulawesi Province; the questionnaire, which distributes questionnaires to employees of

the Front Office Section of hotels in Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province. Data analysis of the

two independent variables (X1) namely room prices and promotion costs (X2) have a significant

positive effect on room occupancy rates.

To analyze data on room prices in Palopo City of South Sulawesi Province, to analyze data

on promotion costs Management of Palopo City Hotels in South Sulawesi Province, while to

analyze data on the influence of room prices and promotion costs on room occupancy rates

analyzed Statistically, the multiple regression model with the equation in the form of logarithms

is as follows:

ln Yi = ln X1i + B2 ln X2i + Ei

(i = 1…, n) (Gujarati & Porter, 2009)

is:

Ln 1, 2, 3 = Nonlinear regression coefficient

0 = Constant

With 2 independent variables, namely::

X1 = Room price

X2 = Promotion fee

Dependent variable:



Y = Room occupancy

E = Dumming variabel

Furthermore, several statistical tests will be performed to test the hypothesis raised,

including t-test, F test, and calculating R, and R2.


In this section the results of the study and discussion are as follows:

Description of Each Variable

Table 1. Room Prices and Hotel Promotion Costs in Palopo City, South Sulawsi Province

No. Hotel Names in Palopo City

Room Occupancy

Rate

(Y)

Room / Night

Price

(X.1)

Promotion /

Room Fee

(X.2)

1 Hotel Rioriata 20 250.000,00 12.500,00

2 Hotel Yasmin 25 300.000,00 15.000,00

3 Hotel Grand Illa 41 275.000,00 15.000,00

4 Hotel Primer 25 200.000,00 10.000,00

5 Hotel Awana 18 250.000,00 12.500,00

6 Hotel Risma 38 250.000,00 12.500,00

7 Hotel Buana 38 150.000,00 7.500,00

8 Hotel Horas 36 225.000,00 11.500,00

9 Kambo Higland Park Villa & Resto 5 1.350.000,00 67.500,00

10 Hotel Value 75 350.000,00 17.500,00

11 Latuppa Wisata Agro Hotel & Resto 14 500.000,00 25.000,00

12 D’ Mario New Hotel 13 250.000,00 12.500,00

13 Platinum Hotel 32 500.000,00 25.000,00

14 Hotel Warna 39 175.000,00 8.750,00

15 Hotel Mulia Indah 4 300.000,00 15.000,00

16 New Hotel Palopo 5 300.000,00 15.000,00

17 Hotel Harapan 32 250.000,00 12.500,00

Average 27 345.588,00 17.368,00

Source: researcher primary data

The Average Room Prices, Promotional Costs, Hotel Room Occupancy Rates from

January to June 2019 in the city of Palopo, South Sulawesi Province can be seen in Table 2:


Table 2. Average: Room Rates, Promotional Costs, Hotel Room Occupancy from January to

June 2019 in the city of Palopo, South Sulawesi Province

No Keterangan Jan 2019 Feb 2019 Mar 2019 Apl 2019 May 2019 Jun 2019

1 Average Room Prices

/ night (Rp) 345.588 345.588 345.588 345.588 345.588 345.588

2 Average promotion /

room fee (Rp) 17.368 17.368 17.368 17.368 17.368 17.368

3 The occupancy rate

(%) 27 27 27 27 27 27

Source: researcher primary data

As for the room price, promotion costs and occupancy rates of the Cobb-Douglas room,

you can see the following Table 3 below:

Table 3. Room Prices, Promotional Costs, and Room Occupancy Rates with (Cobb-Douglas

Model) Room Prices, Promotional Costs, and Room Occupancy Rates with (Cobb-

Douglas Models)

Variable Reg. Coefficient St. Error T(df=9) Prob. Pr. r 2

Ln Room price (X1) 1,7107 0,3754 4,5574 0,0916 0,8738

Ln Promotion fee (X2) 0,3890 0,0564 6,8967 0,0539 0,9794

Ln Room Occupancy (Y) 0,8625 0,9347 0,9455 0,8339 1,0000

Constant 8,7808

Standar Error Of Estima = 17,7063

Adjusted R. Squared = 0,0526

R Squared = 0,1158

Multiple R = 0,3403

Durbin-Witson Test = 2,9237

The estimated room prices, promotional costs, and room occupancy rates can be seen in

Table 4 below:

Table 4. Estimated Room Prices and Promotional Costs at Hotels in Palopo City, South

Sulawesi Province (Cobb-Douglas Model)

Variable Reg. Coefficient St. ErrorT(df=9) Prob. Pr. r 2

Ln Room price (X1) 0,3883 0,1338 2,902 0,0181 0,8938

Ln Promotion fee (X2) 0,3890 0,0564 6,896 0,0539 0,9794

Ln Room Occupancy (Y) 0,8625 0,9347 0,9455 0,8339 1,0000

Constant 0,7808

Standar Error Of Estimasi = 17,7063

Adjusted R. Squared = 0,0526

R Squared = 0,1158

Multiple R = 0,3403

Durbin-Witson Test = 2,9237



Based on Table 4 Cobb-Douglas nonlinear regression can be arranged as follows:

Y = Ln 0 X1 Ln1

X2 Ln2

Substituted as:

Y = 0,7808 X1 0,3883

X2 ,3890

or:

Ln Y = 0,7808 + 0,3883 Ln X1 + 0,3890 Ln X2

Regression results indicate the direction of the influence of independent variables on the

dependent variable determined by the regression of each independent variable. Overall

independent variables, namely: room rates, and promotional costs, have a significant positive

effect on room occupancy rates.

Furthermore, to find out the existence of each independent variable to the dependent

variable, a t-test was used. T-test results for each regression coefficient can be seen in Table 4:

Regression coefficient (X1) 0.3883 has t-count 4.890 while t-table 2.350 at a 5% confidence

level, meaning t-count is greater than t-table with a probability of 0.21127 which means the

room price variable (X1) has a significant effect positive on room occupancy rate variable (Y);

Regression coefficient (X2) 0.3890 has t-count of 4.891 while t-table of 2.35 at a 5% confidence

level, means t-count is greater than t-tables with a probability of 0.0916 which means the

variable promotion costs (X2) significant positive effect on the room occupancy rate variable

(Y).

Regression Coefficient

From the regression coefficients listed in Table 4, it can be described as follows:

Ln1 = 0,3883

This means, any decrease in the room price (X1) by 10% will affect the increase in room

occupancy (Y) by 0.3883 or 38.83 percent. Initially the average room price of Rp. 345,588, - if

lowered by 10% the room price will be Rp. 345,588 (5% X Rp. 345,588) is Rp. 311,029, - every

room sold. The average room occupancy rate in 2019 is 27%, if the room price in the coming

period is reduced to 10% of the original room price, it will affect the room occupancy rate from

27%, to 27% + (27% X 0.3883 ) is 37.48%. So in 2019 in the coming year, the room occupancy

rate from 37.48% will be 37.48% in the following years.

Ln 2 = 0,3890

This means, each increase in promotion costs 100% of the promotion cost 1 room price

will affect the increase in room occupancy (Y) by 0.3890 is (38.90%) X room price, or every

increase in promotion fee by 100% per room , it will affect the increase in room occupancy by

38.90%. In table 2 the average room occupancy rate in 2019 is 27% if the initial promotion cost

is Rp. 17,368.00 - (Rp. 17,368.00 X 38.90% (if raised) = Rp. 6,756, - promotional costs to Rp.

Initially = 27% + (27% x 38.90%) = 37% So each increase in promotion costs is IDR 6,756, -

each promotional cost incurred will affect the occupancy rate of the room 37.50%, of the two

regression coefficients owned by the two independent variables, the two independent variables


(X1) namely room prices and promotion costs (X2) have a significant positive effect on room

occupancy rates.This finding complements the previous research (Djuarsa, 2009) that there is a

significant relationship between the promotional costs budget the level of occupancy or budget

promotion costs conducted by the company will affect the occupancy rate of the company (Case

study at the Grand Serela Hotel Bandung), while research (Saleem, 2013) found that hotel

characteristics, internal factors and external factors have an impact on occupancy rates in

Amman. Hotel characteristics (hotel location, size, number of rooms) have an impact on

Jordan's hotel occupancy rates. Furthermore, the study explained that internal hotel factors

including: service quality, room facilities, prices, employee attitudes, and cleanliness have an

impact on hotel occupancy rates in Jordan and hotel external factors include: economic status,

exchange rates, political situation and intensive competition impact on Jordan hotel occupancy

rates.

CONCLUSION

The Room / Hotel / Villa Room Occupancy Rate in Palopo City, South Sulawesi

Province, in 2019 an average of 27%. The cost of promoting hotels in Palopo City ranges from

Rp. 17,368, - every room sold. From the two regression coefficients possessed by the two

independent variables, the independent variable (X1), namely room price and promotion cost

(X2) has a significant positive effect on room occupancy rates.

REFERENCES

Attila, A. T. (2016). The Impact of the Hotel Industry on the Competitiveness of Tourism

Destinations in Hungary. Journal of Competitiveness.

https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2016.04.06

Djuarsa, S. M. (2009). Pengaruh Anggaran Biaya Promosi Terhadap Tingkat Hunian Hotel

(Studi kasus pada Hotel Grand Serela Bandung). Universitas Widyatama.

Elias, S., & Noone, C. (2011). The Growth and Development of the Indonesian Economy.

Reserve Bank of Australia.

Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic of Econometric, Fifth Edition. In Econometrics.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-37502-5_17

Niswaty, R., Juniati, F., Darwis, M., Salam, R., & Arhas, S. H. (2019). The Effectiveness of

Leadership Functions Implementation in The Makassar Departement of Manpower. JPBM

(Jurnal Pendidikan Bisnis dan Manajemen), 5(1), 1–10.

Riri, Y. S. (2014). Pengaruh Tingkat Hunian Hotel, Jumlah Wisatawan, Dan Jumlah Objek

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on Some Hotels in Amman. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in

Business, 5(6).

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Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R & D.Bandung:Alfabeta.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Ummi, M., & Marwan. (2013). Kajian Strategi Pengembangan Industri Pengolahan Ikan Di

Kota Palopo Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan., 4(2),

197–209.

Overview of Public Services at the One-Stop Investment and

Integrated Service Office of South Sulawesi

Aris Baharuddin



ABSTRACT

Basically, humans need service, the concept of this service will always be in the life of every human

being. This study aims to determine tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy in

public services at DPMPTSP South Sulawesi. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of

descriptive analysis research with data collection techniques namely observation, in-depth interviews, and

documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing

conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of public services carried out at DPMPTSP

South Sulawesi held well, as evidenced by the application of the green zone from Ombudsman

Keywords: Implementation, public service, one-stop service

INTRODUCTION

Public services have now become a central issue in development in Indonesia. The

development of public services is always actual to be discussed. Basically, humans need service,

the concept of this service will always be in the life of every human being. The position of the

people who turn into citizens makes the public service providers not only position the

community as consumers but furthermore, the community is also involved in every decision

making (Gani, 2014; Niswaty, Juniati, Darwis, Salam, & Arhas, 2019; Tahir, 2016)

Community participation in each of these decision-making makes it possible for public

service providers to be more responsive. The main thing that becomes an indicator that public

service providers have been responsive to the community is the emergence of novelty or service

innovation (Ayu, Niswaty, Darwis, & Arhas, 2019). The concept of innovation has not yet been

maximally developed in the public sector. This is because most public sector organizations are

less challenged, because they are in a non-competitive climate, and do not even feel problematic

in terms of their survival. So, it is natural that the concept of innovation is less developed in the

public sector. However, changes that occur in the process of public administration require many

other things to change (Mirnasari & Suaedi, 2013).

The government was formed thus not to serve itself but to serve the community and

create conditions that allow each member of the community to develop their abilities and

creativity in order to achieve progress together (Rasyid, 1998). Meanwhile, (Moenir, 2000;

Saggaf, Salam, Kahar, & Akib, 2014) interpreting public services are activities carried out by a

person or group of people on the basis of material factors through certain systems, procedures,

and methods in an effort to meet the interests of others in accordance with their rights. A group

of people who provide these services is the government bureaucratic apparatus.



(http://creativecomm ons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)


http://creativecomm/



In an effort to realize maximum public services in South Sulawesi Province, one of the

policies that were launched is the implementation of one-stop integrated service-based

(Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 24 Tahun 2006 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan

Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu, 2006). In principle, this policy is the implementation of licensing

or non-licensing services, the process of which starts from the application to the stage of

issuance or issuance of a document carried out at one door so as to create public services that

are fast, cheap, easy, transparent, certain, and affordable.

METHOD

This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of analytical descriptive research

that aims to describe the facts about public services in the Investment Office and the One-Stop

Integrated Service (DPMPTSP) of South Sulawesi. Data collection techniques in this study are

observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Observations in the study were conducted

in order to see firsthand the conditions in the field, both the research environment and the

informants to be interviewed. The in-depth interviews were conducted with various informants,

including the Head of the Department and the Integrated Licensing Services DPMPTSP South

Sulawesi. The documentation technique used in this study is the voice recorder and image

capture of the study site and the informants interviewed using mobile phones. This research was

conducted at the DPMPTSP South Sulawesi located at Jalan Bougenville No. 5 Makassar. Data

analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.


Public services are all forms of services both in the form of public goods and public

services which in principle are the responsibility and are carried out by government agencies at

the Central, regional, and within the State-Owned Enterprises or Regional-Owned Enterprises,

in the context of implementing the provisions of the regulations legislation. Public services in

this study refer to the view of (Parasuraman, 2003) that good public services include five things:

tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy.

Tangibles

Basically the tangibles contained in DPMPTSP South Sulawesi are sufficient, as

evidenced by the physical facilities it has. The facilities are: meubler; office stationery;

computers and printers; server, LAN network plus Wifi; Scanner; CCTV; LCD Projector; Filing

cabinet; Queue and Touchscreen Information Machines, data storage devices (database);

Generator set; Cleanliness facilities; and Beauty Facilities. As for infrastructure, DPMPTSP

South Sulawesi has a service security room; meeting/meeting room; service room; special

disability service room; guest waiting room, nursing room for seniors and seniors; complaint

room, electrical installation, telecommunications equipment; server room and workspace;

archive/documentation storage space; control system room and data entry room; special

disability entrance platforms; and banks and parking areas.

Aris Baharuddin; Overview of Public Services at the One-Stop Investment …|133

Reliability

In terms of reliability, the services promised immediately and satisfactorily to the

community are classified as very good. Public satisfaction with licensing services in DPMPTSP

South Sulawesi is an average of 2.78, with an average expectation of 3.63. Thus, the IKM of

81.71 is classified in category A (Very Good). In terms of services promised, South Sulawesi

DPMPTSP sets the duration of service time for licensing and non-licensing services. The

following are services in several SKPD within the scope of DPMPTSP South Sulawesi:

Table 1. Regional Work Unit Services in South Sulawesi DPMPTSP

No. Name Regional Work Unit Service Type of Service Duration

1 Capital investment Licensing and non-

licensing

1-3 days

2 Cooperatives & SMEs Licensing 3-7 days

3 Social Non-Licensing 1-5 days

4 Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Licensing 1-3 days

5 Transportation, Communication, and

Information

Licensing and non-

licensing

3-5 days

6 Animal Husbandry and Health Licensing 1-2 days

7 Employment Licensing 1 day

8 Public Works Non-Licensing 5 days

9 Energy and Mineral Resources Licensing and non-

licensing

3-7 days

10 Health Licensing and non-

licensing

3-7 days

11 Education Non-Licensing 1-2 days

12 Forestry Licensing and non-

licensing

3-7 days

13 Living environment Licensing and non-

licensing

3-7 days

14 Food security Non-Licensing 7 days

15 Industry and Trade Non-Licensing 1-3 days

16 Plantation Licensing 5-7 days

17 Spatial Licensing and Non-

Licensing

7 days

18 National Unity and Politics Non-Licensing 1 day

19 Research Licensing 1 day

20 Culture and Tourism Licensing 1-3 days

Source: DPMPTSP Sulawesi Selatan, 2018

Responsivensess

Furthermore, responsiveness, namely the desire of staff to help customers and provide

services with responsiveness. Responsiveness can also mean as a response or alertness of

employees in helping customers or recipients of services and provide services that are fast and



professional. The responsiveness of employees in South Sulawesi DPMPTS can be said to be

already good, although of course there are still service users who feel lacking, ie sometimes

employees are still found discussing other matters outside of their work, while the seats for

service users in front of him are empty (can be occupied by service users another). Based on

public satisfaction survey data in 2017, related to this responsiveness, there are service user

opinions that sometimes employees do not contact immediately to the PIC submission of

documents if there is a lack of permit application data. That is, the responsiveness in South

Sulawesi DPMPTSP is still a separate record to be even better changes going forward.

Assurance

The insurance referred to here is not a guarantee of money or capital, but a guarantee that

includes the ability, courtesy, and trustworthiness of the staff, free from danger, risk or doubt.

The guarantee given by employees to service users in DPMPTSP South Sulawesi shows ability,

courtesy and trustworthiness. The higher the assurance provided, the more the public or service

users feel that employees have a good ability, courtesy, and trustworthiness.

Empathy

The last dimension in assessing good public services, namely empathy, that is, a sense of

understanding and care includes the ease of making good communication relationships, and

understanding the needs of customers. Empathy in-licensing and non-licensing services in

DPMPTSP South Sulawesi can be categorized as good because there are several facilities that

allow everyone to get the same service, for example, facilities for people with disabilities and

service facilities for seniors, pregnant and lactating women. This shows that the empathy

created in DPMPTSP South Sulawesi is in line with the promise of service that is to give the

best service wholeheartedly to all people who ask for service.

Discussion

The implementation of public services now and in the future in order to achieve World

Class Government in 2025 (Bureaucratic Reform Design, 2014), is not an ordinary job, but it

must be an extraordinary job by accelerating through various new breakthroughs. Public service

innovation is accelerating to make a breakthrough to become a solution to improve the quality

of public services that is closer to the expectations of the community.

The Government of South Sulawesi continues to provide the best public services to the

community. This can be seen from the vision and mission that was launched, namely "The

Province of South Sulawesi Best Service and Realization of Investment in Indonesia". To

achieve this vision, there are 4 (four) missions carried, namely: improving the Quality of

Investment Services. To meet the satisfaction of the services received by investors is a strategic

step that will be taken by the regional government, not only by BKPMD but all those related to

investment activities in this area. To provide satisfying services, one of which is through the

creation of services that are pro-active, integrated and comprehensive; Increase Investment

Attractiveness and Interest. The attractiveness of investment will be good if it is accompanied

by the formulation of strategic, valid and realistic investment planning policies, spatial planning

Aris Baharuddin; Overview of Public Services at the One-Stop Investment …|135

and appropriate and consistent investment mapping followed by rapid, precise and realistic and

economical information dissemination, promotion and information to be implemented. One

important thing is not only the development of a number of investment opportunities but also in

the form of regulations that provide facilities and incentives for investors; optimize Innovation

and Infrastructure Support. Opportunities to increase the realization of open-investment are very

wide through the development of innovations in the form of diversification of regional superior

products, the availability of adequate physical infrastructure, including optimizing the strategic

role of the Makassar Industrial Area (KIMA) in the framework of developing South Sulawesi

investments as a whole; Building an Extensive Investment Network. The investment network

needed to increase investment realization is more open to access to broad investment to find a

number of opportunities for partnership (partnership) both with the business world and with

government agencies and non-profits at home and from abroad.

Table 2. Matrix of Public Services at DPMPTS South Sulawesi

Pelayanan Publik

Tangibles Reliability Responsiveness Assurance Empathy

Service

Intent

Everything that

is tangible such

as: physical

facilities,

equipment,

employees, and

means of

communication

Provide the

promised

service

immediately

and

satisfactorily

Helping service

users and

providing

services

responsively

Ability,

politeness, and

trustworthiness

that employees

have

Understand

and care

for the

needs of

service

users

Service

Category

Very good Good Good (but there

are still service

users who feel

they are

lacking)

Good Good

Basic

theoretical

arguments

Schuler (1997), innovation quality means providing service that consistently

follows all dimensions of quality in one single effort. Goetsch & Davis (2006), the

quality of public services must be oriented to the expectations desired by service

users. Parasuraman (2003), the quality of public service innovation regarding how

far the difference between reality and expectations of service users for the services

they receive, if reality exceeds what is expected then the service can be said to be

quality and vice versa.

CONCLUSION

The results showed that basically, tangible in DPMPTSP South Sulawesi was adequate, as

evidenced by the physical facilities it possessed. In terms of reliability, the ability to provide the

promised services immediately and satisfactorily to the public is classified as very good.

Furthermore, regarding the responsiveness of employees in South Sulawesi DPMPTS it can be



said to be already good, although of course there are still service users who feel inadequate, ie

sometimes employees are still found discussing other things outside of their work. Regarding

assurance at DPMPTSP, South Sulawesi shows that the community or service users feel that

employees have the ability, courtesy and trustworthiness. And, regarding empathy in-licensing

and non-licensing services in South Sulawesi DPMPTSP can be categorized as good, as

evidenced by several facilities that allow everyone to get the same service, such as facilities for

the disabled (disabled) and service facilities for seniors, pregnant women, and breastfeeding.

REFERENCES

Ayu, A., Niswaty, R., Darwis, M., & Arhas, S. H. (2019). Applying the principles of Good

Governance in the Efforts of Guiding Out-of-School Children at Social Service Offices

Takalar Regency. Jurnal Office, 5(2), 51–58.

Gani, F. S. (2014). Respon Masyarakat Terhadap Kinerja Pelayanan Publik Di Kantor

Kecamatan Pinogaluman. Jurnal Ad’ministrare: Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan Pendidikan

Administrasi Perkantoran, 1(1), 62–71.

Goetsch, D. L., & Davis, S. (2006). Quality management: Introduction to total quality

management for production, processing, and services. Prentice Hall.

Mirnasari, R. M., & Suaedi, F. (2013). Inovasi Pelayanan Publik UPTD Terminal Purabaya-

Bungurasih. Jurnal Kebijakan dan Manajemen Publik, 1(1), 71–84.

Moenir, A. S. (2000). Public Service Management in Indonesia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.




Parasuraman, R. (2003). Neuroergonomics: Research and practice. Theoretical Issues in

Ergonomics Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639220210199753

Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. 24 Tahun 2006 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan

Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu. (2006). Kementerian Dalam Negeri.

Rasyid, R. (1998). Desentralisasi dalam menunjang pembangunan daerah dalam pembangunan

administrasi di Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES.

Saggaf, S., Salam, R., Kahar, F., & Akib, H. (2014). Pelayanan Fungsi Administrasi

Perkantoran Modern. Jurnal Ad’ministrare, 1(1), 20–27.

Schuler, C. (1997). A quality of service concept for wireless ATM. IEEE ATM Workshop 1997.

Proceedings, 381–390. IEEE.

Tahir, N. (2016). Motivasi Kerja Pegawai dalam Pelayanan Publik di Sekretariat Pemerintah

Daerah Kabupaten Takalar. Jurnal Ad’ministrare: Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah dan

Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran, 3(2), 1–10.

Analysis of Employee Competency Development at the Corporate

Headquarters of Makassar Raya Makassar City Market

Jumalia Mannayong1, Haerul2

1Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Negara Makassar 2Universitas Negeri Makassar


ABSTRACT

In assessing the success of an agency, it can be seen from the human resources that drive the agency

itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of employee competencies. This study

uses descriptive qualitative methods using data collection methods, namely interviews, document review,

and observation. The data collection instruments used were interview guidelines, document review

guidelines, and observation guidelines as well as data analysis techniques by reducing data presentation,

drawing conclusions, and verification. After that test the validity of the data with triangulation techniques.

The results of this study indicate that overall employee competency development is in the good category.

Regarding employee competency development at the Makassar Raya Regional Makassar Regional Office

Corporate Office, reviewed from the Motif, Character, Self-Concept, Knowledge, and Skills aspects, but

there are still some indicators that need to be improved to maximize the development of employee

competence at the Regional Makassar Regional Office. Makassar Raya.

Keywords: Analysis, competence, employees

INTRODUCTION

Human resources is a strategic field of organization (Ayu, Niswaty, Darwis, & Arhas,

2019; Niswaty, Juniati, Darwis, Salam, & Arhas, 2019). Human resource management must be

seen as an extension of the traditional view to managing people effectively and to require

knowledge of human behavior and the ability to manage it. Various opinions about the

understanding of human resource management, including the existence of creating human

resources, there are interpreting it as manpower management and there are equating with the

understanding of human resources with personal (personnel, staffing, etc.), but in resource

management, human resources that may be appropriate are human resources management, thus

simply understanding the management of human resources is managing human resources. The

issue of the need to obtain superior and professional Human Resources that are expected by

many business entities in Indonesia both public and private business entities to be able to

compete in the era of globalization is often just a wishful thinking (Awaliah, Amirullah, &

Saleh, 2015; Erawati, Darwis, & Nasrullah, 2017; Sari, Jamaluddin, Saleh, & Arhas, 2020)

A large amount of Human Resources development funds have been expended for this

purpose, but often results in disappointment. Efforts to increase the competence of Human

Resources will be difficult when the method used forgets the role of the human brain as the

central driving motor of human work, in this case, can be done using the reframing approach.

The reframing approach is a shift in the organization's conception of how an organization can

achieve its goals. The specific characteristics of this approach emphasize that efforts to create








competencies in Human Resources within the organization must be carried out when the efforts

made are able to open the mindset of Human Resources in the organization.

The importance of competence in public and private organizations is needed especially to

answer the demands of the organization, where there is a very rapid change, the development of

very complex and dynamic problems and future uncertainty in the order of people's lives

(Alvesson, 2001; Pramularso, 2018; Sung & Choi, 2014). Competence is an ability based on

skills and knowledge that is supported by work attitudes and their application in carrying out

their duties and work in a place that refers to specified work requirements. Increased skills and

knowledge are strategies directed at increasing efficiency, effectiveness and capture attitudes in

the context of improving organizational performance, while the dimensions can be in the form

of efforts to develop human resources, organizational knowledge and institutional reform in

dealing with the influence of organizational environment, according to the readiness of resource

organizations Organizational people have the ability to answer these challenges by showing

their performance through activities in the field of tasks and work within the organization

(Gupta & Singhal, 1993; Gylfason, 2001; Sanders, 2006).

Along with increasingly fierce competition due to rapid technological changes and a

drastic environment on aspects of human life, every organization needs competent human

resources to be able to provide satisfying service (customer satisfaction), but also value-oriented

(customer value) so that the organization is not merely pursuing the achievement of high work

productivity, but more on the performance in the process of achieving it (Denhardt & Denhardt,

2015; Osborne, Radnor, & Nasi, 2013; Perry & Wise, 2006). The performance of each activity

and individual is the key to achieving productivity because performance is an outcome in which

people and other resources in the organization together bring the final results based on the

quality level and standards that have been set. The consequence is that organizations need

human resources who have unique skills and abilities in accordance with the organization's

vision and mission.

For this reason, human resources in an organization must be seen as a major factor and

treated as assets that receive the most critical priority, because humans are the only factors that

move the wheels of the organization and as the main force to develop the organization.

Improving the quality of human resources becomes very important and needs to be done in a

planned, directed, and sustainable manner in order to improve capability and professionalism.

Human resources in agencies need to be professionally managed so that a balance is reached

between the needs of employees with the demands and capabilities of the organization. The goal

of developing the quality of human resources is to improve the operational performance of

employees in carrying out their duties. In addition, the high quality of human resources will lead

to the birth of strong commitments in the completion of routine tasks according to their

respective responsibilities and functions more efficiently, effectively and productively.

Professional human resource management arrangements, employees are expected to work

productively. This professional management of employees must be started as early as possible

namely from the recruitment of employees, selection, classification, placement of employees

according to their abilities, expertise, skills and career development so that it makes it easier to

allocate employees based on their capabilities. Employees are the main capital in an

organization, both government and private organizations. It is said that it is the principal capital

in an organization because the success of an organization in achieving its objectives depends on

the employee who leads in carrying out the tasks that exist in the organization.

Jumalia Mannayong, Haerul; Analysis of Employee Competency Development …|139

The discussion of human resource development can actually be seen from two aspects,

namely quantity, and quality (Carefoot, 1990; Gabcanova, 2012; Resources, 2011). The

definition of quantity concerns the number of human resources. The number of human resources

without being accompanied by good quality will become an organizational burden. While the

quality, regarding the quality of human resources concerning abilities, both physical abilities

and non-physical abilities (intelligence and mental), therefore for the sake of accelerating the

main tasks and functions of any organization, improving the quality of human resources is one

of the main requirements. The quality of human resources that involves two aspects, namely

physical aspects (physical quality) and non-physical (non-physical quality) which involve the

ability to work, think, and other skills, therefore, efforts to improve the quality of human

resources can be directed at both aspects. So education and training efforts are needed. This

effort is intended for the development of human resources.

Makassar Raya Makassar Regional Regional Corporation is a Regional-Owned Enterprise

that has the task of attracting retribution services in every market in Makassar City which is

managed directly by Makassar Raya Makassar Regional Regional Company. Every Market

managed by Makassar Raya Makassar City Region Company consists of the Head of Market,

board, staff, collector, cleaners, and security. The author, in this case, focuses on existing

competencies in employees by observing through their educational experience and skills and

years of service. According to preliminary observations, there are still graduates who are not in

accordance with their competencies in carrying out their duties or positions because they do not

meet the requirements for competency development, and there are still many employees who

roam during office hours so that the lack of employees is still less effective and efficient.

Furthermore, how to develop employee competence is seen from the motives, character, self-

concept, knowledge and skills.

METHOD

In this study, researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach. Sources of data in this

study were obtained through sources by conducting a question and answer session questions that

fit the focus of the research. The data sources are Key Information, informants and research

documentation data, in the form of photographs during the study. In this study using techniques

and interview instruments, observations at the research location, and document review. Because

the research conducted is qualitative then data analysis techniques are used, namely data

reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification.


Makassar Raya Regional Region Company was established in 1999 which was marked by

the ratification of Regional Regulation No. 4 of 1999 concerning the Establishment of PD.

Makassar Raya Market, Makassar city.

Competence

Competence is a matter that is associated with the ability, knowledge / insight and attitude

that is used as a guide in carrying out the responsibilities of work done by employees. Success



that employees get. is the result of increasing employee competency while working in the

Organization.

In this study what will be reviewed is the competence of employees in the Makassar Raya

Makassar Regional Company. The results of this study are answers to questions raised by

researchers to informants. The sub focus consists of motives, character, self-concept,

knowledge, and skills.

Motives

Motives are impulses that move a person to behave because of the needs that want to be

fulfilled by humans. Motive can also be said as a driving force from within to carry out certain

activities in order to achieve a goal. The motive can be seen from the encouragement of

economic needs and encouragement of social needs. Encouragement of economic needs can be

seen from how to obtain welfare and comfort in doing a job, while the encouragement of social

needs can be seen from the way of interacting with fellow humans in doing a job.

Encouragement of Economic Needs

From the indicators of the economic need boost in Makassar Raya Makassar Regional

Market Company, the influence is very large and coupled with the achievement of revenue

targets. And the results achieved must be followed by an increase competence that leads to an

increase in the performance of every employee in the Makassar Raya Regional Market

Company Makassar City

Character

The indicator of character is the character that makes people behave or how someone

responds to something in a certain way. In addition to the competence of many organizations,

they are more concerned with the character or personality of the prospective employee rather

than their intelligence. A person's character is the most important element in carrying out a field

of work in an organization. The trait is a character which is a form of way of thinking and

behaving someone who will later become his trademark. While attitude is a person's feelings

and thoughts in behavior when they don't like or like something.

Self-concept

Self-concept is attitudes and values measured through tests to respondents to find out the

value someone has and what is interesting for someone to do something. The concept of self is

the views and attitudes of individuals towards themselves. Self-views are related to how one's

physical condition, individual characteristics and how to motivate yourself to determine and

direct the development of personalities such as appearance and positive behavior. Appearance is

anything related to human outward appearance that is easily observed and valued by other

humans. While the behavior is an act/action and the words of someone whose nature can be

observed, described and recorded by other people or people who do it.


From the aspect of self-concept, employees who work at the Makassar Raya Regional

Market Company in terms of appearance are already polite, maybe they should improve their

language and behavior.

Knowledge

Knowledge is information that a person has in a specific discipline area specifically.

Knowledge will be able to predict what a person can do, not what he will do. Because

knowledge is a source of knowledge that can distinguish between what can be done well and

right and what is wrong and there are still many individuals who use their knowledge for the

wrong thing. Analytical thinking is a thought process that drives us to make better decisions.

While information will give effect to one's knowledge. Even though a person has low education,

if he gets good information from various media, it can increase one's knowledge

Keterampilan

Skill is the ability to do a certain task, both physically and mentally. Skills are the ability

to use reason, thoughts, ideas in running or making things more meaningful so as to produce a

value from the work. Administrative skills are the skills needed to succeed in the field of

administrative work. While technical skills are abilities and knowledge needed to perform

certain tasks.

Discussion

The role of human resources as a supporting factor for the success of an agency is very

important. The development of an employee's competence can be one of the benchmarks of the

success of the agency. Without the development of employee competencies, of course, an

agency cannot achieve the goals it has set.Menurut (Amstrong & Baron, 1998) mengemukakan

bahwa kinerja merupakan hasil pekerjaan yang mempunyai hubungan kuat dengan tujuan

strategis organisasi, kepuasan konsumen dan memberikan kontribusi pada ekonomi.

According to the opinion of Timple (Mangkunegara, 2003) that performance factors

consist of internal factors and external factors, namely internal factors (dispositional), which are

factors that are related to a person's characteristics. For example, a person's performance is good

because they have high ability and someone is a hard-working type, while someone has poor

performance due to those who have low ability and the person has no efforts to improve their

abilities. And External Factors are factors that affect the performance of someone who comes

from the environment. Such as the behavior, attitudes, and actions of coworkers, subordinates or

leaders, work facilities, and organizational climate. According to the opinion of (Sedarmayanti,

2011, 2017) argues that competence is a targeting characteristic possessed by someone who has

direct influence on or can predict excellent performance. According to the opinion of (Silalahi,

2015) pengembangan sumber daya manusia adalah upaya berkesinambungan meningkatkan

mutu sumber daya manusia dalam arti yang seluas-luasnya, melalui pendidikan, latihan, dan

pembinaan.

According to the opinion of (Wilhelm, 1989) that human resource management as a

function carried out in the organization with the aim of facilitating the effective utilization of

human (employees) to realize organizational and individual goals.



According to the opinion of (Becker & Huselid, 2006) that competency refers to an

individual’s knowledge, skill, ability or personality characteristics that directly influence job

performance. According to the (Sudarmanto, 2015) that competence is an attribute to put

quality and superior human resources. These attributes are the qualities given to people or

things, which refer to certain characteristics needed to be able to carry out work effectively.

These attributes consist of knowledge, skills, and expertise or certain characteristics. According

to the opinion of McCormick dan Tiffin (Riani, 2011) that there are two variables that can affect

performance, namely the Individual Variable, namely Variables consisting of experience,

education, gender, age, motivation, physical condition, personality and attitude. and Site

Variable involves two factors namely Social Factors of the organization, including policy, type

of training and experience, wage system and social environment and Physical and Occupational

Factors, including work methods, settings, and conditions, work equipment, workspace settings,

noise, irradiation, and temperature. According to the opinion of (Robbins & Coulter, 2012), that

competence is defined as a person's ability or capacity to do various tasks in a job, where this

ability is determined by two factors which are intellectual ability and physical ability. According

to the opinion of (Wibowo, 2007), that competence is defined as the ability to carry out or carry

out a job or task based on the skills and work knowledge required by the job.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study indicate that the development of employee competencies as a

whole is in a good category when viewed from the aspects of competence, motives,

encouragement of economic needs, character, self-concept, knowledge, and skills.

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Service Quality of Border Region Higher Education Libraries

Muhammad Nur1, Marisa S.B. Seran2 1,2Universitas Timor


ABSTRACT

The quality of a qualified library makes the library as one of the centers of information for the general

public. This study aimed to determine how well the quality of library services, to find out how high the

interest in reading students at border region state university library, and to determine the effect of the

quality of college library services on strengthening the reading interest of students in the Library at the

University of Timor Library UPT. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with a sample of

100 students. Data collection was carried out through observation, interview, documentation and

questionnaire techniques. The data that has been collected is processed using descriptive statistical

analysis techniques and inferential statistics. The results showed that the quality of library services at the

University of Timor in the border area was in the quite good category with an average of 33.48. Student

reading interest was in quite a good category with a mean value of 20, 56. The level of relationship or

correlation between the quality of library services at the University of Timor in the border region to the

interest in reading students at the University Library of Timor is in the strong category correlation with

intervals of 0.60-0.799 means that the higher the quality of library services at the University of Timor in

the border region, the higher the interest in reading students in the Library.

Keywords: Quality of libraries, universities, interest in reading, border areas

INTRODUCTION

It cannot be denied that the library has a very central role in building and increasing

people's motivation or attractiveness in accessing knowledge. With a quality library that is

qualified to make the library as one of the centers of information for the general public (Ismail

& Darwis, 2016; Nurdin, Niswaty, & Saleh, 2015).

Libraries that used to be one of the sources of reference information that contain various

collections and library materials are now popping up a lot of news media or IT-based

information sources, internet technology and mobile phones that are almost owned by every

individual who wants to access information quickly, so that each individual has many choices in

accessing information which is where everyone freely accesses all available information sources

(Ardoni, 2006; Hayati, 2014; Istiana, 2016). The challenge of libraries as a place to access

information sources is also tested by adjusting the development of the current era and era (Anita

Nusantari, 2009; Fitriastuti, 2009; Pratama, Sihombing, Nugraha, & Putra, 2014). Various

advantages of the library that might not be replaced ie the existing information sources can be

referred to from the original sources both books and others. This becomes the existence of

library must continue to be encouraged in achieving accurate and valid information. Besides

that, however sophisticated technology is, the role of libraries is inevitable. Various studies also

explained that many aspects can be obtained from the library itself. One of them in sociological

studies is the process of interaction between people in the library certainly cannot be replaced








by the sophistication of existing information, plus various sources of information that cannot be

obtained outside the library can be obtained in the library collection. For this reason, innovation

and the quality of library services must be improved continuously. Therefore, one of the

important assets of a library is to improve the quality of library services such as increasing the

collection of books or literature and the easy access of information for visitors or readers

(Rangkuti, 2014; Saleh & Komalasari, 2014; Widiasa, 2007). So is the case with the existence

of a library in a tertiary institution. Library in a tertiary institution is a necessity in the midst of

the existing academic community. Therefore of course in the midst of an academic

environment, it is imperative that universities have good and representative library support

facilities (Diniaty & Fairus, 2014; Suharti, 2017; Triatma, 2016).

The University of Timor as a new state university which is geographically located in the

border region of the Republic of Indonesia-RDTL has a very central role in developing border

communities where the conditions of the community cannot be compared to those of other

urban areas that have advanced especially the awareness and needs of their communities. which

is certainly different. This is so that the quality of the Unimor library is very much expected to

have a presence in fostering the civilization of border communities and is no exception for

students but also for the community at large.

Unimor's UPT Library as one of the Technical Implementation Units (UPT) in the Timor

University (Unimor) institution in its journey from its establishment until now is certainly not

easy. The role of the Unimor UPT Library in supporting the availability of information and

reference material is tested in the midst of its existence in a university the height of the border is

very much needed. UPT Unimor library must answer all the needs of the campus community

and the community outside the campus in general. The lecturers and students expect the Unimor

UPT Library as a representative library that can be relied upon in providing the desired

information and sources of reference. Moreover, it is known together students as the successor

of the nation, prospective leaders who are highly expected must have endeavored so that they

can access the library as an accurate source of references and a variety of good library services

obtained from the library.

METHOD

The research design used is a descriptive quantitative and correlative research design that

aims to find out how well the quality of library services, how high interest in and influence the

quality of higher education library services on student reading interest in the UPT Library of the

University of Timor. The samples in this study were 100 people. Data collection techniques

namely observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis uses

descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis.


Quality of Services at the University of Timor Library's UPT

Following are the results of the distribution of frequency categorization of the University

of Timor library service quality based on five categorizations as follows:

Muhammad Nur, Marisa S.B. Seran; Service Quality of Border Region Higher Education …|147

Table 1.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Service Quality at UPT Library of the

University of Timor

Interval Category Frequency Percentage

46-50 Very good 0 0

37-45 Well 24 24%

28-36 Enough 56 56%

19-27 Not good 20 20%

10-18 Very less 0 0%

Amount 100 100,00%

Source: Questionnaire analysis results

Table 1 shows that out of 100 research respondents, none of the respondents or 0 percent

were in the very good category, as many as 24 respondents or 24 percent were in the good

category, and in the good enough category there were 56 percent, 20 percent were in the poor

category good, and the rest no respondents or 0 percent in the very poor category. This shows

that the quality of library services at the University of Timor Library UPT is still in the

frequency category is quite good, this fact is supported by the average score of the results of

research on service quality at the Timor University Library by 56 percent where the average

value is at intervals 28-36 which is categorized as good. From these data, it can be obtained the

average data (mean) of 33.48 is in the quite good category.

This is reinforced by the results of interviews with UPT Library University Timor staff

who said that "many indicators indicate that the quality of libraries in UPT Libraries is not yet

maximally good, such as book reference sources, articles that are still lacking in addition to the

staff at the Library are very limited. Quality at the University of Timor Library UPT is still quite

good in this case it can be said that the maximum level of service at the Unimor Library is not in

the good category in general.

Student Reading Interest in the Library

Based on the results of the study strengthening the reading interest of students in the

library at Timor University is presented in Table 2:

Tabel 2.

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Reading Interest at UPT Library of the

University of Timor

Interval Category Frequency Percentage

26-30 Very good 16 16%

21-25 Well 30 30%

16-20 Enough 48 48%

11-15 Not good 6 6%

6-10 Very less 0 0%

Amount 100 100%

Source: Questionnaire analysis results



Table 2 shows that of the 100 study respondents. As many as 16 respondents or as many

as 16 percents are in a good category, then 30 respondents or are in a good category, as many as

48 respondents or 48 percent are in the good enough category, the category is not good there are

6 respondents or 6 percent and no respondents are in the very less. This shows that the reading

interest of students in Timor University Library is dominated in the good and fairly good

category supported by the average score of the results of research on student reading interest in

the Library so that it can be concluded that in general students' interest in reading at the

University of Timor Library UPT 48 percent in the good enough category and as many as 30 are

in the good category. From these data, it can be obtained the average data (mean) of 20.56 in the

quite good category.

In addition, the results of interviews with staff at the UPT Library of the University of

Timor who explained that "the reading interest of students in the University Library has been

classified as good but actually not yet optimal even though basically there is an increase every

year, it needs a lot of things to be encouraged including the awareness of the students

themselves, it is also expected lecturers and heads of study programs within the University of

Timor direct or encourage students to always visit the Library as a motivation for them to read

Effect of Service Quality on Student Reading Interest in the University of Timor Library’s

Based on observations and interviews with one of the parents' representatives who said

that this zoning system provides a sense of comfort for parents that their children no longer need

to go to school with a school radius that is quite far away. Parents can monitor student activities

at school.

a. Data normality test

Before further analysis, it is first necessary to know whether this research data has met

the requirements for using statistics that will be used in hypothesis testing. Testing the analysis

requirements for the use of correlation statistics is that the data obtained are at least normally

distributed. Data normality test is done to find out whether the data of this study have met the

requirements of using statistics that will be used in hypothesis testing.

The normality test is used the chi-square formula, with the criteria if the value of Chi-

Square is smaller or equal to the price of Chi-Square table (Xh2 Xt

2), then the distribution is

declared normal, and if greater (>) declared abnormal

Table 3.

Research Data Normality Test Results

Variabel df X2 count X2 table Explanation

Interest in reading 9 14,80 16,92 Normal

Service quality 9 8,80 16,92 Normal

Source: Data Processing Results, 2019

The data in table 3 shows the calculated X2 value from the application of students' reading

interest in the Library and the calculated X2 value of library service quality, the value is smaller

than the X2 table, thus based on normality testing the data shows that the group is normally

distributed.


b. Correlation product-moment test

The result of the product-moment correlation calculation is 0.678, the coefficient

significance level is 0.00, this number is far below the 0.05 probability, then the correlation

between service quality and student interest in reading is significant or very real.

From the ANOVA test or F test, it was obtained that the count was 83.561, with a

significance level of 0.00 much smaller than 0.05, then the regression model could be used to

predict service quality. T-test to test the significance of constants and independent variables

namely reading interest from the coefficient table shows that the t-count value of the reading

interest variable is 9,138 with a significance level of 0,00, also under 0.05 so H0 is rejected and

H1 is accepted or the quality of library services is correct have a significant effect on students'

interest in reading in the library.

The level of correlation or correlation between the quality of library services to the

reading interest of students in the library based on the calculation of the product-moment

correlation of r = 0.678 is at intervals of 0.60 - 0.799 or strong. This means that the level of

relationship or correlation between the quality of library services on the reading interest of

students in Perpusakaan is at a strong level. The R square figure is 0.460 in the model summary

table, meaning that 46.0 percent of damage service quality can be explained by the variable

students' interest in reading while the remaining 54.0 percent is explained by other variables not

examined in this study.

Discussion

Quality of Services at the University of Timor Library's UPT

The quality of libraries in Timorese universities that are still classified as not optimally

must always be thoroughly improved based on at least 5 indicators of service quality, namely

appearance, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy must always be promoted for

the improvement of human resources in the border area. As a tertiary institution in the border

area, the Timor University Library must be a representative and front-run library for the border

community in general and students and academics in particular, whose existence is far from the

city center.

Good service quality certainly pay attention to the comprehensive both internally and

externally the service itself and always make corrections and evaluations of customer

perceptions. As stated oleh (Zeithaml, 1988), defines that: "Service quality is an evaluation

focus that reflects customer perceptions about service quality reliability, assurance,

responsibility, empathy and physical."

In this case, the achievement of the quality of service at the University of Timor Library

depends very much on the value of perception that can be reflected by customers, in this case,

the students of the University of Timor which can be viewed from the elements of reliability,

assurance, responsibility, empathy and physical besides the success of the service is also very

dependent on alignment ability, attitude, appearance, attention, action, and responsibility in its

implementation.



Student Reading Interest in the Library

The development of science in higher education by students in particular is very much

determined by the interest in reading students in the library as a reliable source of reference.

With students 'interest in reading at the University of Timor Library which is still aggressively a

great concern for universities to stimulate things that can increase students' interest in reading.

Both increase student awareness and willingness to visit the Library as well as institutional

factors that motivate students to access resources information in the library such as books,

articles and others.

Quoting (Corey, 1940) stated that interest in reading is influenced by two groups, namely

personal factors and institutional groups. Personal factors are factors that originate within the

child itself include: age, gender, intelligence, reading ability, attitude, psychological needs.

Institutional factors are factors originating from outside the individual itself which include: (the

availability of books, socioeconomic status, the influence of parents, peers and teachers. In

addition, the quality of UPT Library services at the University of Timor which is still low is a

separate factor. The lack of interest in reading students at the University of Timor Library.

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the study, the quality of UPT library services at the University of

Timor in terms of physical appearance, reliability, responsiveness, empathy is quite good in the

category. The reading interest of UPT Library students at the University of Timor is in quite a

good category. This is evidenced by the average value (mean) of 20.56 which is in the quite

good category. The level of correlation or correlation between the quality of library services to

the reading interest of students in the library based on the calculation of product-moment

correlation of r = 0.678 is at intervals of 0.60 - 0.799 or is in the category of strong correlations.

This means that the better the quality of service, the higher the interest in reading students in the

Library.

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E-Government Implementation in the Education Zone Service in

Makassar City

Dety Yunita Sulanjari Universitas Sawerigading Makassar


ABSTRACT

Implementation of e-Government in the service of Education Zones is one way to realize government

services in the field of education and aims to equalize the quality of education. The purpose of this study

is to find out how e-government implementation in the Education Zone service in Makassar City. This

study uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive in nature. The subjects of the research were the Head

of the Education Office, the headmaster of junior and senior high school students, parents. The results

showed that the implementation of e-government in the service of education zones was not yet fully

targeted because of the lack of standardization of the quality of teachers and infrastructure so that

improvements and standardization in improving the quality of education were needed.

Keywords: Implementation; service; education; zoning system

INTRODUCTION

The implementation of e-Government is one way to realize better government services

because in government a better service is needed that is transparent/open, both the information

and ongoing activities within a government (Basu, 2004; Horsburgh, Goldfinch, & Gauld, 2011;

Silcock, 2001). Therefore, the application of e-Government in each area needs to be

implemented in addition to improving the quality of people's lives. Information can be accessed

24 hours wherever and whenever the community does not need to come to the government

office and openness is expected to change the relationship between the government and the

community to be better. In addition, the application of e-Government requires human resources

and infrastructure (Hardjaloka, 2014; Sosiawan, 2008).

Application of e-Government in education services through the implementation of the

education zone in the Acceptance of New Students (PPDB) according to (Peraturan Menteri

Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan No. 17 Tahun 2017, 2017). As for the purpose of the zoning

system, the government wants to reform the school as a whole. The target of the government is

to hold the equal distribution of the quality of education.

The zoning system is part of the school reform effort in improving the quality of

education in Indonesia. The existence of this zoning system is able to create equality, high

achieving students do not gather at favorite schools because they inevitably have to register at

the nearest school and cannot register at a distance school even though they hold favorite status

(Andina, 2017; Purwanti, Irawati, & Adiwisastra, 2018; Wulandari, Hasyim, & Nurmalisa,

2018).

The zoning system in PPDB is a policy for equalizing the quality of education which is

expected to eliminate the term favorite school or superior school. Finally, the quality of each








school can be seen because all this time favorite schools have always produced students who

excel because New Student Admissions are trying to rigorous selection so that only high-

achieving students are accepted. With the zoning system, non-favorite schools also have the

opportunity to show that they can be like superior schools in quality and quality because the

BOS funds obtained are the same, so the good opportunities are the same, as quoted in

(Pangaribun, 2018).

In addition, the existence of this zoning system will spur improvement in the quality of

teaching staff and education because schools will accept students who excel so that inevitably

the quality of teachers must be improved in order to foster good students (Mashudi, 2019;

Rahmawati & Muflhatin, 2019). So that there is no more accumulation of quality human

resources in a particular area. This is expected to eliminate the education quality gap between

cities and regions because of the same treatment, and students who have high academic

potential will not think of going to school outside of zoning. Schools must accept prospective

new students who live in the closest zone radius of the school at least 90 percent of the total

number of students received. Domicile of prospective students is based on the address on the

family card which is issued no later than within 6 months before the implementation of the

acceptance of new students. The nearest zone radius is determined by the local government in

accordance with the conditions of the area by taking into account the availability of school-age

children in the area.

The zoning system is a new student admission system that is given by determining the

zone radius by each local government and schools must accept prospective students who live in

the closest zone radius with a certain percentage of the total number of students to be received

(Farlina & Ikhwani, 2017; Ningtyas, Badrul, & Sulistyowati, 2018). The zoning system is a

recommendation from the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in 2016 to the Ministry of

Education and Culture, the Ministry of Home Affairs, and the Ministry of Religion and then

implemented by the Minister of Education and Culture with the aim to eliminate the predicate of

favorite and non-favorite schools. At present, the zoning system has been implemented

nationally including in Makassar City since 2017. So this zoning system policy is important to

study because the results can be a reference for other schools.

METHOD

This research uses a qualitative approach. This research was conducted at the Makassar

City Education Agency with the address at Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan of Makassar City. Data

collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. This study uses a semi-

structured interview. Informants in this study include principals, teachers, students. This study

uses passive participatory observation, the documents that are used as data sources in this study

are the profile of the institution, documentation of the number of students who are either in

zones or outside zoning, PPDB system mechanism.


Based on the results of the study it is explained that the implementation of e-Government

through the Education Zone in Makassar using the concept of George Edwards III:

Dety Yunita Sulanjar; E-Government Implementation in the Education Zone Service …|155

Communication

The implementation of the zoning system in PPDB in Makassar is based on

Permendikbud no. 14 of 2018 then revised to Permendikbud no. 51/2018 concerning acceptance

of new students in the 2019/2020 school year. The Office of Education issues the PPDB

Technical Guidelines which regulate the mechanism of GDP activities in full and detail related

to general provisions, the list of PPDB zoning, the selection path to the PPDB implementation

schedule. The implementation of PPDB activities has been carried out in accordance with the

objectives in the PPDB Technical Guidelines. This can be seen in the list of PPDB Technical

Guidelines. PPDB aims to provide opportunities for students from economically disadvantaged

families as proof that PPDB aims to provide opportunities for students from economic families.

The implementation of the education zone policy is made to make a change or

transformation that is to provide equal distribution of quality education in each district in the

city of Makassar. Featured high schools in Makassar such as SMA 5, SMA 2, and SMA 12 are

no longer available. The design of the policy is designed in such a way as to create a change in

the environment and behavior of individuals or groups and have a positive and negative impact

on society and on the implementers. Prior to the education zone policy, students were able to

choose which school was considered free and superior in Makassar City even though the

distance between the school and the residence was far without a quota limit, whereas after the

zoning system was implemented the students could no longer be free to choose a school because

of the opportunity students who register from outside the zone are limited to a quota of only 5%.

Owned Resources

The quality of schools that have not been evenly judged makes it difficult for students to

obtain proper education according to their capacity and presentation. Students are forced to

enter schools in their residential zones. This has the potential to inhibit the interests and talents

of students who have been nurtured well in previous schools.

In addition, the rules of the zoning system limit the space for students to get the best

education services, the goal of the government is to optimize the quality of the presentation of

educational services in terms of infrastructure and the quality of the instructors. The government

is required to accelerate the improvement of the teaching quality of teaching staff. One of them

is by reducing the administrative burden and encouraging the digitization of schools so that the

teaching staff can focus on inspiring and educating students optimally.

Dispotition or Behavior

Based on observations and interviews with one of the parents' representatives who said

that this zoning system provides a sense of comfort for parents that their children no longer need

to go to school with a school radius that is quite far away. Parents can monitor student activities

at school.



Interaction

Based on observations made by researchers, the zoning system of education still found

several problems. As students, the distance between the house and the school, including close, is

not accepted at the nearest school. Because it is already filled with those closest to the school.

Based on the results of interviews with the school principal stating that the implementation of

the zoning system will be followed up with the fulfillment of the number of schools, equitable

distribution of infrastructure and infrastructure. And fulfillment, structuring and even

distribution of teachers. The local government must first calculate the number of needs in the

determination of zoning. The regional government also helped in the implementation of the

education zoning system, both in terms of registering new students, and also helping to

synergize teacher training in the regions to improve the quality of services and the quality of

education.

Discussion

Communicarion

The zoning system policy is one of the policies of the New Student education regulated in

Permendikbud Number 14 of 2018 and no. 51/2018. The implementation of the zoning system

is intended to eliminate educational discrimination so that the quality of education is able to be

generalized

The ongoing implementation of the education zone provides a clear change in Makassar

City, control and top-down system and resources that can carry out the implementation tasks

(Pressman & Wildavsky, 1973). The opinion is also in accordance with (Grindle, 2010) which

says that the policy is largely determined by the content (content) of the policy. Every policy

has a target to be achieved. One of the successful implementation is very much determined by

the implementers of the policy. Implementing the education zoning policy involves the Office of

Education and schools that have components in their fields for the success of a policy.

Owned Resources

The available resources are in the form of teachers and school infrastructure. The

application of the zoning system in the Acceptance of New Students (PPDB) is said to have a

good aim at equalizing the quality of education. But there will be chaos if the policy is not

accompanied by teacher standardization. With the zoning approach, it is necessary to improve

various national education standards. Implementation will not be effective if the relationship of

all agents who carry out the policy actually produces an "implementation deficit". Objectives

must be clearly defined and well understood, resources must be provided, the chain of command

must be able to unite and control these resources, and the system must be able to communicate

effectively and control the individuals and organizations involved in carrying out the task.

Implementation requires a top-down control and communication system and resources that can

carry out these implementation tasks (Pressman & Wildavsky, 1973)

Dety Yunita Sulanjar; E-Government Implementation in the Education Zone Service …|157

Dispotition or Behavior

The implementation of the education zone provides a change in behavior for policy

implementers. With the good top-down communication can help the implementation of policies

properly. Success in implementation is strongly supported by the implementers of the policy,

both from the school, the education office and parents of students. The contents of the policy

must have strengths, interests, and strategies. In policy, it is important to pay attention to the

strengths and powers, interests and strategies used by the actors involved to facilitate the

implementation of a policy. The contents of the policy have considered the positive and

negative impacts on the targets to be achieved.

Interaksi

The implementation of the education zone policy in Makassar City has been going on for

two years. The implementation of the zoning system requires prospective students to take

education in schools that have the closest radius of their respective domicile, as in

Permendikbud No. 51/2018 concerning the acceptance of new students in the 2019/2020 school

year. The selection of prospective students is done by prioritizing the distance of the closest

place of residence to school in the zoning determined. The distance of the nearest residence is

calculated based on the distance from the village office to the school. If the distance remains the

same, then the priority is prospective students who register early. The PPDB zoning selection

system is carried out by ranking the zoning route by distance, UN scores, age of students and

time of registration.

Educational zoning policy is a kind of policy that is made and implemented in human

interaction, open as a machine or system. More emphasis on the nature of the interaction. In the

Lipsky model, implementation is something that involves the recognition that organizations

contain human and organizational limitations, and that people and organizations are considered

as resources. Effective implementation is a condition that can be built from the knowledge and

experience of people who are at the forefront of service providers

CONCLUSION

Based on the results of the study, the implementation of e-government in the service of

the Makassar city education zone has not been going well if viewed from communication,

resources owned, disposition or behavior and interactions. This happens because due to the lack

of standardization of the quality of teachers and infrastructure, so improvements and

standardization are needed in improving the quality of education

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Knowledge Management: Sustainable Human Resource Development

in Public Sector Organizations

Tunggul Prasodjo

Human Resources Development Agency, South Sulawesi Province


ABSTRACT

Knowledge management in public sector organizations is needed to improve the quality of human

resources and the quality of public services. This paper aims to explain the main principles and strategies

for developing sustainable management of knowledge in order to improve the quality of human resources

in public sector organizations. The method used is descriptive method, which describes the strategy of

developing sustainable management of knowledge from various literatures related to human resource

development. The results of the literature review show that knowledge management needs to be applied

and developed sustainably in every public sector organization. The quality of human resources can be

improved through structured knowledge management, as well as public services can increase in line with

the increase in the ability or competence of human resources for their work. Human resource governance

plays an important role in building a culture of public sector organizations based on knowledge

(knowledge culture). Knowledge management can be a solution to reduce the stigma of public sector

organizations that are generally rigid, slow, and complicated.

Keywords: knowledge management; public sector organizations; human Resource Development

INTRODUCTION

The development of science and technology is currently very rapid, innovation

continues to be created to meet human needs that continue to increase and increasingly diverse.

The process of innovation and renewal in its development requires facilities or activities to

facilitate each individual or member of a bureaucracy to be able to convey ideas and ideas

(Farida, 2017; Isma et al., 2017; Saggaf et al., 2014). Setiarso et al., (2009) provides a

perspective that knowledge development facilities within an organization are stored more in the

minds or memories of their employees, followed by paper documents and electronic devices.

Development of employee thought needs to be given a good space or means so that thought can

be communicated to others as a transfer of knowledge. This effort will encourage the birth of

new ideas or ideas to create new products and systems and can also make improvements to the

old product or system (Setiarso, 2009). One of the activities that can be done by the bureaucracy

in developing knowledge facilities is through knowledge management. In this paper, the author

continues to use the original term, namely knowledge management, to avoid the reader's biased

cognition of the meaning contained in this paper.

Knowledge management, in the management of human resources (HR), is commonly

applied to private sector organizations (business sector) that require rapid adaptation to the

business environment and consumer behaviour (Verbeeten, 2008). In the business sector,

knowledge management is very important to ensure that organizations are able to adapt to an







ever changing environment (market and consumer behavior). According to Wasistiono et al.,

(2009), in public sector organizations, human resource management is very important to provide

education and apply information owned by each individual to improve public services.

Wasistiono (2009) mentions the differences in the application of knowledge management in HR

management in public sector organizations are different in the final goal with private sector

organizations. If public sector organizations aim to maximize public services, then private sector

organizations aim to maximize profits. The application of knowledge management in public

sector organizations is intended as an effort to facilitate the process of collecting, storing,

creating, and sharing knowledge, this effort will also close the knowledge gap between one

employee and another (Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning, 2015).

Furthermore, knowledge management, in the management of human resources, can also

improve the ability of organizations to manage intellectual assets, knowledge, and experience

that is available to every employee (Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning,

2015). Currently in Indonesia, knowledge management, in the management of human resources,

has penetrated various public organizations, such as the Directorate General of Customs and

Excise, Ministry of Finance (Choirunsyah & Heryanto, 2019), General Election Commission

(Maidihani, 2018), Higher Education (Murfi, 2018), Directorate General of Tax, Ministry of

Finance (Budiyanto, 2018).

The implementation of knowledge management in public organizations in Indonesia to

date has not been massive and efficient, although the guidelines for the implementation of

knowledge management programs by the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment and

Bureaucratic Reform have been issued in 2011. In addition, the application of knowledge

management in HR management in public sector organizations is also has not touched on non-

business government institutions, such as state institutions (presidential institutions, the House

of Representatives (DPR), the Regional Representative Council (DPD), the People's

Consultative Assembly (MPR), the Supreme Audit Board (BPK), the Supreme Court (MA), the

Supreme Court The Constitution (MK)) and provincial / district / city regional government,

even though it is already in the ministry's ministry (Ministry of Finance) and other government

institutions (KPU, Higher Education). Optimization of knowledge management is still at the

level of the National Bureaucratic Reform Management Unit (UPRBN) in managing the

knowledge management forum which can be used as a transfer of useful knowledge, both in the

formulation of national bureaucratic reform policies and also as a benchmarking for ministries /

institutions and local governments (Indonesian Ministry of National Development Planning,

2015).

Ideally, the application of knowledge management can be applied to all or some state /

government institutions that manage knowledge in the form of innovation or regulation.

Knowledge management here is needed so that the organization is able to carry out its functions

effectively and there is no knowledge gap in every element of the organization.

Previous research was conducted by Verbeeten (2008) who examined the impact of the

application of knowlege management on government performance in the Netherlands. The

research was conducted at the central government, regional government, and other public sector

organizations. Verbeeten's research results (2008) show that knowlege management variables,

such as clear and measurable employee work objectives (SKP), and employee incentives ---

such as performance benefits or additional civil servant income ---, are proven to affect

performance. This indication indicates that knowledge management is very necessary for public

Tunggul Prasodjo; Knowledge Management: Sustainable Human Resource Development…|161

sector organizations to improve the performance of the apparatus. Another study was conducted

by Rahutami and Budiprasetyo (2003), namely the role of organizational culture and individual

knowledge management on the readiness of organizations and the Semarang City Government

apparatus in implementing decentralization. Previous research conducted by Rahutami at the

Semarang City Government Regional Secretariat showed that there were striking gaps in the

organizational culture variable between the desired conditions and reality, as well as there were

striking gaps in the individual knowledge variable between the desired conditions and reality,

and there were differences in perception of reality between individual knowledge variables with

organizational culture. This research indicates that knowlege management is very important for

the state apparatus in providing a comprehensive understanding of new regulations and policies

so that they can be optimal in providing public services.

Based on these conditions, public sector organizations must of course continue to align

themselves with the development needs of society and science. A fundamental effort in this

transformation is learning or increasing knowledge for HR in existing public sector

organizations. The development of knowlege management in organizations is a determining

factor in the existence of an organization. Knowledge and learning are two things that are a

necessity needed in every change or development environment. This paper will discuss how the

right concept in building management knowlege in public sector organizations.


In 1974 the terminology of knowledge management was first introduced by Henry who

revealed that there are differences in meaning in each experience gained by a member of the

organization. On the other hand, Henry argues that there is also a transition from data,

information, to knowledge in an organization (Wallace, 2007). Furthermore, knowledge in an

organization can be divided into two, namely, first, tacit knowledge is knowledge in the form of

know-how, based on one's experience, abilities, and understanding of a problem that has been

encountered in the production and management of the organization. Second, explicit knowledge

is written, archived, scattered, both print and digital knowledge, and can be a learning material

(reference) for others (Verbeteen, 2008). Management of explicit knowledge is easier because it

has been printed in the form of written or recorded narratives, both in the form of books,

websites, or other documentation and stored in the organization and can be understood by

anyone inside or outside the organization. Another case with tacit knowledge management, is

relatively more difficult, because it is still stored in the minds of some people in the

organization so that it requires good knowledge management (Akib, 2011; Wallace, 2007).

Knowledge management in improving the quality of HR is widely applied to business

organizations as a management that is integrated with HR management where employees are

expected to have knowledge that is appropriate to their work. Smith in Wallace (2007) states

that knowledge management in HR management is the management of resources to be able to

capture, store, disseminate, and use the knowledge possessed by the organization to make the

organization better over time. While Dermol et al. (2013) put forward the definition of

knowledge management as “…taken as tools, techniques, and strategies to retain, analize,

organize, improve, and share business expertise.” According to Liebowitz (1999), there are

three basic processes in implementing knowledge management, namely: (1) knowledge



creation), (2) knowledge sharing, and (3) knowledge implementing. Simply put knowledge is

created from experience gained by senior employees, both through education and other literacy

learning. This creation can be in the form of documents or narratives, then shared with fellow

employees and applied as a new innovation.

HR governance plays an important role in building a knowledge-based culture of public

sector organizations. In this connection, the role of HR governance can add values through the

knowledge culture formed in public sector organizations. According to Holbeche (2014), these

values are created from:

1. Establishing the right structure through a process of developing good knowledge and

balanced HR management in each department within a public organization.

2. Development of facilitative leadership that accommodates every organizational problem.

3. Building information technology infrastructure in accordance with the needs of the

organization and the community in accordance with HR capabilities.

4. Fostering relationships with suppliers and consumers in business organizations, while in

public organizations fostering good relations with the community and between institutions /

agencies.

Classically, governance of public sector HR has become an important part of any

bureaucratic reform effort in providing services for meeting the needs and accommodation of

various interests and public welfare. The most frequently heard issue is the mismatch between

the ability of the existing apparatus with the development of science and technology and the

needs of society. Miwa & Ramseyer (2003) notes that HR governance in public organizations is

“(1) ...in filling offices, it is the right of the people to have the worthiest citizens in the public

service fo the general welfare, ...of character and capacity which qualify him for such service;

dan (2) the ability, attaintments, and character requisite for the fit discharge of official duties of

any kind, – in other words, the personal merits of the candidate – are themselves the highest

claim upon an office”. According to Eugene, the success of bureaucratic reform can be started

from the seriousness of the bureaucracy itself in managing its human resources and knowledge

management. Therefore, it is time for the bureaucracy in Indonesia to no longer compromise in

recruiting, selecting, and placing jobs or positions for staff and officials, evaluating

performance, rotation and mutation, so as to build individual capacity, character and

competence.

The main principles underlying the development of knowledge management in HR in

public sector organizations are as follows:

1. The format of digital knowledge is more easily stored on intranet networks and the

maintenance process is more efficient so that it is easily spread.

2. Each apparatus has the same responsibilities, obligations, and access rights to

knowledge that is in accordance with their interests.

3. Knowledge management based on a dynamic interface that allows for the formation of a

culture of sharing knowledge. Likewise with the ease of access to knowledge in various

structural layers as a supporter that facilitates the process of forming a culture of

knowledge transfer done.

4. Working in groups (teamwork) encourages everyone to work together better with others

to complete the task that is being done.


5. Eliminating or reducing bureaucratic barriers. This is so the leader and the apparatus

under him can work together synergistically. It is also possible through this system, the

leader can give examples or models of various knowledge or information to all

apparatuses.

Based on the explanation above, it is important to continue to develop HR management in

line with knowledge management. Knowledge creation activities are divided into 4 variations of

activities, namely: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization, as follows:

a. The socialization process can be carried out through informal talks that are routinely carried

out within the agency. This discussion is about discussion of best practices exchange among

employees, observing problems and feedback, dialogue with stakeholders, and other

institutions' experiences. This process is the easiest method of transferring knowledge. In the

management of knowledge management, special assignments are needed to build certain

knowledge on employees so that each employee has a high standard and in accordance with

their work. This socialization process can also be carried out by employees who have

attended training or training. Employees can share knowledge or information obtained from

education and training with other employees by sharing knowledge.

b. The externalization process is done by documenting minutes of the meeting or the results of

the discussion (which is an explicit form of knowledge that is created during the meeting /

outreach). According to Setiarso (2009), documenting the results of a good transfer of

knowledge is very much needed a special repository as well as an ongoing learning process

to realize the results of the transfer of knowledge in the form of written concepts or systems

that will be easily understood by others who read it or can be reused if necessary or can also

be published to those who have an interest. In the concept of modernity, this process can be

carried out by producing publications in the form of articles or summaries that can be

distributed to other employees to be studied.

c. The combination process is carried out by compiling a knowledge management system based

on the topic, applying the concepts in the mission, and operating the concepts in the

management function. The combination process is a change of knowledge from explicit

knowledge, by exchanging work documents between employees. This combination process

can not only be done by exchanging working documents, but it can also be done by

combining different explicit knowledge and then compiled into a knowledge management

system. According to Setiarso (2009), the combination process can be mediated through an

intranet (discussion forum), organizational database, and internet (to obtain external

sources). Data that has been stored in the system (data warehouse), such as regional,

financial, operational, and strategic conditions data analysis, such as making work indicators,

are analyzed and then entered into a knowledge management system that can be accessed by

other employees with rules certain. This rule is based on divisions or departments that are

directly related.

d. The internalization process is a change from explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge that can

be done by gaining knowledge or information through the intranet, internet, or mass media

(newspapers, magazines, publications, etc.). According to Setiarso (2009), to be able to

support the internalization process, a system or document search and retrieval tool is needed.



Content management in addition to supporting the combination process, can also facilitate

this internalization process. Because the trigger in this process is the application of "learning

by doing". Setiarso (2009) also explains if written lessons or explicit knowledge obtained

through education and training can be a source of knowledge for employees.

From various studies on bureaucracy that have been conducted so far, it has produced

many achievements, especially in the field of HR management. The main focus of improvement

in HR is proven to be able to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public services.

Changes in the environment should be followed by changes in the quality of the apparatus and

the system and paradigm in staffing the organization / bureaucracy. Verbeteen (2008) describes

the behavior of bureaucrats to carefully place the learning problem in it. Bureaucracy is

generally very resistant to innovation in conditions where its members are enjoying financial

support and authority. Government bureaucracy prefers stability and routine. The characteristics

of bureaucracy are very influential in relation to the learning organization and knowledge

management of employees in the organization.

Public sector organizations need harmonization in order to achieve synergy in realizing

the vision and mission of the organization. This step is taken to solve complex problems and

knowledge gaps with the development of the existing environment. Increased public demands

for public service organizations, limited knowledge and quality of the apparatus, are obstacles to

public service and its fulfillment efforts. One step that needs to be taken is to do knowledge

management on existing HR so that the quality of HR increases. Bureaucratic reform is

essentially an effort to make fundamental changes to the system of government administration,

especially concerning institutional aspects (organization), management (business process), and

human resources.

The implementation of knowledge management can improve the quality of the apparatus,

therefore for public sector organizations, knowledge management is a fundamental requirement

in bureaucratic reform efforts. This is related to the urgency of the needs of innovations in the

bureaucracy which is of course very dependent on the level of knowledge of bureaucratic actors

and knowledge management of public sector organizations.

According to Munir (2008), in developing sustainable knowledge management for public

sector human resources, it is necessary to form a knowledge culture that can provide a direct

influence, the following strategies can be carried out:

1. Creating know-how in which each apparatus has the opportunity and freedom to determine

new ways to complete tasks and innovate and opportunities to synergize external

knowledge into institutions.

2. Capture and identify knowledge that is considered valuable and represented in a logical

way.

3. Placement of new knowledge in a format that is easily accessible to all officials or officials.

4. Management of knowledge to ensure the availability of information so that it can be

reviewed for relevance and accuracy.

5. The knowledge format provided on the website portal is a user friendly format so that all

officials and officials can access and develop it at any time.

Davidson & Voss (2003) in Setiarso (2009) said that managing knowledge is part of

managing HR capabilities and competencies, this relates to how people from different places

start talking and sharing, which is now popularly known as label learning organization.


CONCLUSION

Knowledge management can improve the quality of human resources in public sector

organizations. Previously, this management was mostly carried out in private sector

organizations to provide certainty that employees and their production work in accordance with

consumer desires and market conditions. Knowledge management is a strategy, tool, and

technique for storing, analyzing, organizing, improving, and sharing the experience of an

employee and other resources to improve employee quality. Knowledge can be created from

experience gained by senior employees, both through education and other literacy learning, in

the form of documents and narratives, to then be shared with fellow employees and applied as a

new innovation. HR governance plays an important role in building a knowledge-based culture

of public organizations. Classically, human resource management in public sector organizations

has become an important part of any bureaucratic reform effort in providing services for

meeting the needs and accommodation of various interests and public welfare.

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masa ke masa. Fokusmedia.

Student Perception of ESP Business English Teaching Implementation

in Makassar National Informatics Polytechnic

Rahmi, Abduh, M. Sofyan

Politeknik Informatika Nasional (Polinas), Makassar, Indonesia


ABSTRACT

English for Specific Purpose (ESP) is currently a subject that must be followed by every student in every

vocational or polytechnic tertiary institution throughout Indonesia, including in South Sulawesi. This study

aims to find out in advance the students' perceptions of English for Specific Purpose (ESP) Business English

teaching materials, and their perceptions of the teaching strategies adopted by ESP Business English

teachers. In answering the research questions above, researchers used a descriptive qualitative approach.

The method of data collection is done through semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions and

analyzing them using an interpretative analysis approach. From the results of data analysis found 1) the

material or textbooks that are used already meet the learning needs of students where the materials provided

include Business English related words, the structure of Language/Grammar, and practical language

teaching. However, students consider the design or appearance of the book to be less attractive making

them less interested in using the book; 2) students show a variety of perceptions about the teaching strategies

of their lecturers, found themes that show the teaching strategies preferred by students are supportive, create

fun learning, provide games, be disciplined and assertive but feel not pressured, have an active professional

knowledge component.

Keywords: ESP; Business English; teaching materials; teaching strategy.

INTRODUCTION

The rapid development of science, communication, economics, and technology since

the last few years has made the teaching of English for Specific Purpose (ESP) an essential

branch of science for students to master before becoming reliable professionals in the

workforce (Al-Issa, 2006; Motteram, 2013). Besides, national and international companies

operating in Indonesia are committed to the recruitment of employees, every candidate must

have English competency as indicated by a certificate of TOEIC (Test of English as

International Communication) or TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Therefore,

the competency of English and ESP of college students should be one of the concerns that

must be considered by the institution or institution of higher education(Jordan & Jordan,

1997; Tarnopolsky, 2012).

In general, research on teaching English is quite a lot, but research on ESP in

Indonesia is still very little. Some of the results of ESP research in Indonesia are studies that

discuss the benefits of mastering ESP for students (Kusumaningputri, 2010); pedagogical

problems that arise in the teaching of ESP at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang (I. N.

Dewi et al., 2017); and the English for Specific Purposes learning model with Communicative

Competency Approaches based on Character Education (S. U. Dewi, 2015), and students’







reflection toward self-assessment on creative writing achievement in ESP course (Sumarni et

al., 2018).

Therefore, in order to increase the knowledge and implementation of English for

Specific Purposes (ESP) in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi, researchers are interested

in conducting a case study research that examines in detail how students' perceptions about

the implementation of ESP teaching in class which includes instructional and pedagogical

aspects, Therefore, this research has two research objectives, namely to find out in detail

about students 'perceptions of Business English teaching materials for Specific Purpose (ESP)

Business English, and students' perceptions of teaching strategies implemented by ESP

Business English instructors.

METHOD

The research method used to answer this research question is a qualitative case study

method. According to (L. Gay et al., 2012), case study research can be interpreted as a

scientific study that examines a phenomenon that is happening right now in a life context in

which to prove its truth and must use several sources. In this study, researchers sought to

know deeply about students' perceptions of ESP learning. Data were collected using semi-

structured interview techniques including using open-ended questions. First, Business

English POLINAS students who have been selected as informants are asked a few questions

about the teaching strategies of the teaching teams and the materials used during lectures.

To ensure the validity of research, researchers use a triangulation process, a process

in which researchers use several data collection strategies, and several data sources (L. R.

Gay et al., 2006). Therefore, researchers also use indirect observation techniques

(nonparticipant observation) in collecting research data. In this activity, researchers observe

and record the observed subject behavior. Besides, document collection is also conducted to

add research data.

This research was analyzed using an interpretational analysis approach. In this process,

researchers will pass through at least 6 (six) stages. The first step is to prepare a database that

contains all data (documents, transcripts of records, etc.) that have been collected during the

data collection process. In the second stage, the researcher sorts each text and then divides

the text into several segments (in this data analysis, each participant's questions and responses

are outlined in different segments). The Third Stage researchers developed/built several

categories for coding the data. Next, the researcher encodes each segment with the appropriate

categories. After that, researchers collect all the segments that have been coded with the

categories that have been determined. The final stage is to develop concepts or theories that

emerge from these categories (Creswell & Creswell, 2018; Gall et al., 2005).

Rahmi, Abduh, M. Sofyan; Student Perception of ESP Business English Teaching …|169

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results

Students' Perceptions of Books / Teaching Materials that are used by English Teaching

Teams in ESP Business English Learning

After analyzing qualitative data sourced from the results of interviews, some students

stated that the textbooks used in class and distributed by influential lecturers, in general, were

following the needs and interests of student learning. Besides, the book is also easy to understand

and digest, compared to books distributed by academics of tertiary institutions. As some students

said:

"In my opinion, the book used is suitable for the interests of students, because the learning

material is also quite light and not too heavy, like that". (Hadris AP 32) interview on

Thursday, 16 May 2019.

Students are more interested in learning Business English textbooks that are easier to

understand. Their interest in learning will be further increased if they use books that match their

ability levels. A student said:

"In my opinion, the books given by the lecturers themselves are under the needs and

interests of student learning, but previously there were books given by the campus but

the lecturer gave books that in my opinion were easier for students to understand than

books from the campus" (Nurul AP 32 ) interview on Thursday 16 May 2019.

Students also give an opinion that the book used is under their needs, where the book is

very communicative because students are given more conversation material or conversations than

other sub-skills.

"The textbook used is very suitable for students' learning needs because in Business

English we students also need conversations with coworkers so in my opinion it is needed

by students" (Unike AP 32) interview on Thursday 16 May 2019.

Students realize that in learning English, which is known as the language of international

business communication, they look forward to significantly increasing productive skills (speaking

and writing) that they can get in learning Business English as stated by several students.

"Yes, it sufficiently meets the learning needs of students because what I need to know is

to learn how to speak it well and I need confidence to speak English" (Aliya AB 30)

interview on Thursday, 16 May 2019. "His book is per ability because in the book more

speaking and incidentally, I prefer to learn much with speaking "(Selpi AP 32) interview

on Thursday, 16 May 2019.

In addition to the communicative book content, the book used also provides grammar

drilling or discussion of language structure that is enough to train students' English competence.

Some students consider that speaking ability must be accelerated by a good understanding of the

structure of language.

"In my own opinion, the book has increased my knowledge little by little because in the

book there are also stages of how to have a good conversation, using To Be and other

articles" (Andi IK 09) interview on Thursday 16 May 2019.

Students assume that the book has fulfilled their learning needs where not only the ability

to speak continues to be felt, but also the vocabulary that is relevant to their knowledge and social



life can be significantly improved. Students consider this vocabulary very important in supporting

their success in mastering Business English.

"This book is following my learning needs because by using this book I can learn much

vocabulary, .... and can find new conversations that have never been heard" (Adi Rono

AB 30) interview on Thursday 16 May 2019.

Even so, some respondents also criticized the content or display of the book being used.

They assume that the Business English book used in Alauddin Makassar Polinas is not a book

compiled by lecturers or lecturers, so the material or teaching materials provided are not in line

with the Business English context in the student work area.

"In my opinion, the book is too difficult and not very interesting, sir, because the author

is not an Indonesian, so, in my opinion, sir, it might not connect with business in

Makassar, do not know what the business world is like in our country. The book, if

possible, can be printed or made by the lecturer, sir.” (Andi Arfi, IK 09) interview on

Thursday, May 16, 2019.

Students' Perceptions of Teaching Strategies or Methods and Mastery of Knowledge Content

for ESP Business English Teachers at the Makassar National Informatics Polytechnic

It can be said that students' perceptions of the teaching strategies of Business English

lecturers are very dependent on the lecturer approach, character, and communication style of the

lecturers towards their students. Many students like instructors who have an excellent emotional

approach to their students.

"In my opinion, the lecturer who teaches in my class is already fun, not boring because

Business English lecturers understand what students want in class because the way to

teach is fun, we can take lessons quickly and we feel familiar" (Aliya AB 30) interview

on the day Thursday 16 May 2019

Besides having a good emotional approach to their students, students also prefer lecturers

who can create a relaxed learning atmosphere, making students not feel pressured when they are

following the teaching and learning process.

"The way to teach our Business English lecturers is fun because we feel absorbed, not

friendly, and we are not awkward to talk" (Ayu Oktavia AB 30) interview on Thursday

16 May 2019

However, it must be understood that the learner has a different learning character, where

there are also students who are more comfortable with a mild atmosphere that is a little tense but

not depressed. They assume that a slightly tense learning atmosphere is also needed to stimulate

students to be more serious and focused in learning.

"To be honest, the teaching strategy is good and strategic because I like there are a few

tensions because if I teach too much, I joke, I learn it is not good, so I need a little tension

so that I study more seriously and focus on the work of the lecturer" (Unike AP 32)

interview on Thursday 16 May 2019

Students also like the teaching strategies of lecturers who prioritize practice rather than

theory — associated with teacher professional competence, students like instructors who have a


firm and disciplined attitude in managing the entire learning process that can be modeled on

students.

"In my opinion, the teaching strategy of the lecturer is very good where the lecturer

provides a teaching strategy that is very precise, directly practical, very disciplined, the

previous learning was repeated" (Fika AB 30) interview on Thursday 16 May 2019.

From the explanation above, it can be drawn a construction theme that Business English

POLINAS Makassar students favor ESP teachers who have good social competence. Students

like instructors who can create an atmosphere of learning that are supportive, fun, not stressed,

and filled with a few educational games. However, some students prefer a classroom atmosphere

filled with a little tension that makes them more serious in carrying out all stages of learning, but

not stressed. In addition, students also prefer disciplined and assertive instructors, so that even

with a relaxed and fun class atmosphere, the instructor still shows very good aspects of

professional competence.

Figure 1.2

Favorite Teacher Attributes of Makassar POLINAS Students

Related to the utilization of learning resources, it was found that students thought that

learning would be more interesting if using a variety of teaching resources. Students feel bored

and assume their knowledge is not maximally developed if the instructor only uses one type of

learning resource at each meeting.

"In my opinion, the way to teach Business English lecturers is now good, but

unfortunately only teaches about the material contained in the book, rarely uses the

internet or applications, sir. (Adriani AK 77) interview on Thursday 16 May 2019

Students need varied learning resources, where teachers must be able to think more

creatively in utilizing the use of IT in the classroom. In this era, there are so many learning

resources that can be found both in the form of applications and websites. Students need a learning

atmosphere that can provide them with sources of knowledge development that are faster and

more effective. The utilization of IT in learning has become a necessity.

Related to the content knowledge of teachers, students provide quite diverse responses

regarding content knowledge competencies by ESP Business English lecturers at POLINAS

Makassar. Some students mentioned that Business English lecturers were still lacking in

mastering Business English content itself. The instructor explains more about General English in

general compared to the explanation of the subject area that is relevant to the needs of students.

Supportivecreating fun

learning

avoiding pressure

Producing games

Disiplin & Tegas



"In my opinion, the lecturer is good, sir, the teaching method is also good, but if asked

about his business knowledge or business English, he still lacks, because he still rarely

studies business English. Learn more about the general public, sir” (Khairul IK 024)

interview on Thursday, 16 May 2019.

"If my opinion, sir, this business lesson is still lacking in business knowledge, English is

only learned in English, which is used every day, sir, but it is also common to add business

vocabulary to one another, such as the term in a company, for example, a multinational

company. meaning companies with branches abroad” (Aqil AB 15) interview on

Thursday 16 May 2019

From the results of the interview above, students feel that teaching materials provided by

Business English instructors are still not entirely focused on the subset areas that should be the

goals and targets of learning outcomes that are in line with the professional work needs of

students.

Although it is found that teachers often present materials that are not relevant to the

purpose of the course designed from the beginning of the lecture, however, some students

responded that it was natural that the instructor rarely taught content knowledge about Business

English because basically the students' English proficiency was also still very low so Business

English was still considered unable to be digested quickly by most students.

"This English business is still complicated for us to pack, because the ordinary ones are

still difficult, especially the English business. There are still a lot of general materials that

I have not mastered, sir. So, if I teach our teaching materials are under our abilities. Maybe

English business is learned if it is in semester 4 or 5, sir. (Selpi AP 32) interview on

Thursday, 16 May 2019.

ESP Business English teachers understand the learning goals and targets to be achieved.

However, taking into account the reality of students (English language skills, cultural and social

awareness) in the classroom makes teachers often acculturate teaching materials that are

considered more important for students to master and adopt additional Business English materials

that are categorized as not too tricky for language learners English to learn.

From the above findings, an understanding can be drawn that students' perceptions of the

subject area content knowledge owned by ESP Business English teachers are enough to deal with

POLINAS students Alauddin Makassar. However, students consider that the teaching material

provided is not yet too relevant to the learning needs of the English business class itself. This is

because teachers feel that the necessary competencies of English students are not yet too strong

to receive Business English content material holistically. The teacher conducts a teaching process

that is based on the results of the analysis of the students' initial abilities with an analysis of student

learning needs.

Discussion

In this section, the researcher interprets and illustrates the significance of the research

findings concerning what is already known about the statement of the problem being investigated,

while the researcher also explains new knowledge about the problem of this study after

considering each research finding. Therefore, the series of ideas in this chapter includes answers


to research problems which are then linked to the available literature, then linked to the right

theory. As it is known that, in this study, two research questions have been found the answer. The

first question is about students' perceptions of Business English subject matter or teaching

materials. The second is about students' perceptions about the teaching methods or strategies of

lecturers who teach Business English.

For the first part, it has been found that students consider the books or teaching materials

used to meet their teaching needs. Book content is more focused on developing vocabulary

(business-related words/vocabulary) and developing student communication (communicative

skills). According to McDonough (2010) Business English teaching from the 60s to the present,

the transition process of the focus of the teaching approach continues to occur, from what is

known as a structuralist approach, audio-lingual method to focus on functional areas of student

skill development. According to (Ellis & Johnson, 1994), the use of an integrated approach in

teaching ESP began in the 1980s where students were given aspects of vocabulary teaching,

language structure, audio material, and functional language in an integrated manner. Thus, it can

be said that Business English teaching materials obtained by Makassar POLINAS students are

correct even though there are obstacles that students complain about namely the appearance of

less attractive books.

According to Flinders (2005), Business English books are currently available very

much with features that are slightly different from general English books found in general.

He added that Business English books were straightforward to find where they were very

different when 10 or 15 years ago, similar books were minimal. In general, Business English

books have several components that become its features, namely student books (usually with

a discussion section on grammar, answer keys, and tape script) plus audio cassettes or CDs,

teacher's books, workbooks and audio for self-study, and a website with material that can be

downloaded for free (Flinders, 2005). Book features like this have become a general rule in

the use of Business English material and there may be additional test books and videos

(Flinders, 2005). Besides, a booklet with a fascinating design is also a characteristic of

Business English books that are spread in general (Dudley-Evans et al., 1998; Nickerson &

Planken, 2015). Thus, the teaching materials used in Makassar POLINAS colleges have not

been able to adopt all the general rules for the use of textbooks as described above. POLINAS

students still use material with a very or even minimal appearance with an attractive design

and even complained by some students.

Associated with students' perceptions of teaching methods or strategies applied by

teachers, it was found that students have a preference of the characteristics of the instructors

they favor, namely supportive of student learning efforts, creating fun learning, providing

games, disciplined and assertive but feeling not pressured, having a professional component

Strong knowledge is content knowledge. A study explains that the quality component

possessed by teachers that can make the process of teaching and learning successful or

provide learning outcomes that can meet the target of learning achievement, namely the

ability to process teacher knowledge, such as pedagogical knowledge, content,

environmental and student context knowledge, becomes a practice (enactment) ) teaching

that is of interest to students (Carlson & Daehler, 2019). Teaching Business English subjects

is different from teaching General English (Caraiman, 2014). Teachers are required to have

good English competence and have extensive mastery of content (Hu & Lei, 2014; Maican,

2017).



Students currently have the authority to convey the character of instructors who fit

their needs and interests (Pavlina et al., 2011). Teachers who do not have strong

competencies will certainly not be an option for students because students as learning

subjects can feel the importance of a teacher's quality in teaching and learning (Stronge,

2018). A research that is one of the most important competencies possessed by a teacher in

order to be liked by his students is the verbal ability or communication ability that can create

a fun class, making students enthusiastic about every lesson given (Andrew et al., 2005).

Therefore, it is said that teaching is not an easy matter, but it is a very complex mental

concept outlined in a learning plan (pedagogical reasoning) and then practiced in the

classroom (pedagogical in action) in order to achieve the target output required by the

institution, market industry (Shulman, 1986).

CONCLUSION

This study describes the implementation of ESP Business English teaching at

Makassar National Police. This research can finally answer all research questions related to

ESP Business English and its implementation in learning. The first question about students'

perceptions about the textbooks they use in class, the findings indicate that the book used

has met the learning needs of students where the material provided includes Business English

related words/business vocabulary, Grammar / Language structure, and functional language

teaching. However, students consider the design or appearance of books to be less attractive

making them less interested in using the book. The second research question is about

students' perceptions of the teaching methods or strategies of lecturers. Knowing this, it was

found that students had very diverse perceptions so that themes that indicated teaching

strategies favored by students were supportive, created fun learning, provided games, were

disciplined and decisive but did not feel pressured, had an active professional knowledge

component.

As a suggestion that is, concerning the area of research, researchers can then explore

topics / specific areas that focus on the product, for example, the challenges faced and

solutions offered by students and teachers in learning and teaching ESP; what is the hope

for them in improving the quality of ESP learning; and ESP Business English development

models by adopting appropriate teaching approaches such as the Problem Based Learning

approach in teaching ESP, etc. Concerning the methodology, researchers can then use the

philosophical foundation of pragmatism, which is a mixed-method approach in answering

social science research questions in order to increase the level of validity of research results.

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Analysis of Genesis Rain in Spring Transition in Makassar

Candra Febryanto Patandean

Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency IV Makassar

Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Extreme weather in this case heavy rains is common in the city of Makassar, both of which resulted in a

flood or no flood. This type of research is descriptive research that aims to describe the incidence of rain

in the transition season in Makassar. The source of data used in obtaining data on research in Makassar is

secondary data. His research methods such as analysis method is based on monthly rainfall data to

determine the monthly rainfall pattern using the Log Pearson III distribution methods and daily rainfall

data duration of 3 hours early to analyze the frequency of rain by using Gumbel distribution methods.

Based on the results in a graph of monthly rainfall patterns in the city of Makassar in the year (1985-

2014) for 30 years and chart the frequency of daily rainfall duration 3 hours late in the year (2005 to

2014) for 10 years in the transition season in the city of Makassar, we can conclude that monthly rainfall

patterns in Makassar is a monsoonal pattern with the second-largest peak intensity of rainfall occurs in

January and December and the smallest intensity of rainfall occurs in August.

Keywords: Rainfall; Rain Patterns; Frequency Rain; Transition Season.

INTRODUCTION

Makassar City is the fourth largest city in Indonesia and the largest in Eastern Indonesia

(KTI) has an area of 175.77 km² with a population of 1,429,242, so the city has become a

Metropolitan city. The city is at an altitude between 0-25m from sea level. The population of

Makassar City in 2014 was 1,429,242 people consisting of 706,814 people and 722,428.

Extreme rain is one of the meteorological phenomena that has the most severe damaging

effects because it can usually cause flash floods and is sometimes followed by bad weather such

as lightning, hail, very strong surface winds and vertical wind shears (Jones, 2004). In rural

areas, extreme rain can damage crops and livestock, while in urban areas, inadequate drainage

systems to accommodate the amount of rainwater that suddenly increase dramatically

(Carvalho, 2002). The women with an average population growth of 1.50%. The city of

Makassar with a population of 1,429,242 people, the majority of the population is Muslim and

the rest are Christian, Catholic, Hindu and Buddhist. there is a line of windfall (convergence)

that triggers convection activity and strong vertical air movement (Davolio, 2012).

Rainfall varies greatly according to place and time (Handoko, 1994), its volume and

intensity can change rapidly (Galvan, 2013). Its distribution and diversity is influenced by

various factors such as geographic location, topography, and upper air flow (Hilario, 2009).

Furthermore, variations in rainfall of a region, especially Indonesia as a maritime continent

(Hendon, 2003; Qian, 2008) are closely related to the interaction and fluctuations of phenomena








caused by atmospheric-oceanic dynamics (Giannini, Robertson, & Qian, 2007; Ropelewski &

Halpert, 1987)

According to (Nontji, 2002) study of the transition season, information is obtained that

the factor of sea surface temperature is also influenced by meteorological conditions such as

evaporation, rainfall, air temperature, air humidity and wind speed because surface temperature

usually follows a seasonal pattern. As a result, during the pan-caroba season (transition season),

the surface layer temperature reaches its maximum. Based on the description of rainfall events,

the transition season, and the analysis of the rainfall, the authors are interested in examining the

Analysis of the Occurrence in the Transition Season in the City of Makassar.

The formulation of the problem studied in this study is a. What is the pattern of monthly

rainfall that occurred in Makassar City in 1985-2014 for 30 years? b. What is the frequency of

rain in the morning, afternoon and night that occurs in Makassar City in the period 2005-2014

(10 years) in the transition season?. The research objectives are a. Determine the monthly

rainfall pattern that occurred in Makassar City in 1985-2014 for 30 years. b. Analyzing the

frequency of rain in the morning, afternoon, and night which occurred in Makassar City in

2005-2014 for 10 years in the transition season.

METHOD

This type of research is descriptive research. This descriptive study is a study that seeks

to describe the incidence of rain in the transitional seasons of Makassar City.

The research instrument used consisted of tools and materials in the process of retrieving

data as follows: Observatory type rain gauge (Obs) using a standard measuring cup with a scale

of 0-25 mm, hellman type semi automatic rain gauge, hardware in the form of a computer or

laptop, software in the form of Mic-rosoft Office software, Canon Pixma 277 printer, camera,

and flash disk.

Data sources used in data collection in research in Makassar City are as follows:

secondary data of 3 hours daily rainfall duration, secondary data of 3 hours daily rainfall is the

data obtained from the BBMKG Wil.4 Makassar web in the form of daily duration of 3 hours of

rainfall in the years (2005-2014) for 10 years, namely the location at the Meteorological station

Hasanuddin (location that represents the primary city). Methods Analysis of data based on

monthly rainfall data is used to determine the monthly rainfall pattern for the year (1985-2014)

for 30 years using the Log Pearson III distribution method and the three hour duration rainfall

data used to analyze the frequency of rain in the year (2005-2014) for 10 years using the

Gumbel distribution method. The following is the Log Pearson III distribution method and the

Gumbel distribution method as follows:

Where: x = average monthly rainfall value

xi = rain value on i

n = the amount of rainfall data (Soewarno, 1995)

Candra Febryanto Patandean; Analysis of Genesis Rain in Spring Transition in Makassar|179

Gumbel Distribution Method In using the disformula method Gumbel distribution is to find the

frequency of rain based on daily average duration data 3 hours of the period (2005-2014) during

10 years as follows:

Where:

XT : Estimated rainfall value that is expected to occur with a period of time

X : Average price of rainfall data

S : Standard deviation of rainfall data

K : frequency of rain (Soewarno, 1995)


From the results of data processing of rainfall patterns in the period 1985-2014, the

results of the study are as follows:

Monthly Rainfall Pattern Analysis in Makassar City in the years (1985-2014) for 30 years

Figure 1 Monthly Rain Pattern Monsunal in Makassar City

for 30 years (1985 - 2014).

Based on the figure 1 above, the graph of monthly rainfall patterns in Makassar city is the

result of processed monthly average rainfall data (Hasanuddin station monthly rainfall data and

Paotere station rainfall data) in 1985-2014 for 30 years is a type of monsoonal rain pattern. The

monsoonal rainfall pattern is the "V" shaped monthly rainfall distribution pattern with the

lowest monthly rainfall intensity occurring in August. In figure graph 4.1 the monsoonal



monthly rainfall pattern of Makassar City can be explained every month from January to

December as follows:

In January, based on a graph of monthly rainfall patterns monsoonal, the city of Makassar

in January has a monthly monsoonal rainfall pattern with monthly rainfall values above 600

mm. The high rainfall in Makassar City this month is due to the situation of the city which is

located on the coast of the South Sulawesi peninsula, which in the middle is a hill row. In the

area of Makassar City this month brought wet air which gave the orographic effect of rain

shadow (Fohn efect).

In February, based on the graph, the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern in February has a

monthly rainfall intensity of more than 500 mm, where the difference in rainfall intensity is not

much different in January. With a decrease in the intensity of rainfall of more than 100 mm

from January to February that occurs in all areas of the City of Makassar, while the orographic

effect of the shadow of the rain brings wet air masses into the mountains or highlands.

In March, based on the graph of the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern in Makassar

City, in March it still shows a monthly rainfall pattern similar to the monthly rainfall pattern in

January and February with the intensity of rainfall in March reaching more than 350 mm and

monthly rainfall patterns on the month March experienced a decrease in intensity similar to the

monthly rainfall pattern in February.

In April, Makassar City began to enter the Australian monsoon which has dry physical

properties. Based on the graph of the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern in Makassar City has a

monthly rainfall intensity of more than 150 mm in March. This month the monthly rainfall

pattern occurs due to local disturbances so that the supply of wet air gradually decreases.

In May, based on the graph of the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern in Makassar City

this month shows the intensity of rainfall is quite evenly ranging between (70 mm to 150 mm)

in almost all of Makassar City. It can be said that this month has entered the transition season.

In June, based on the graph, the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern in Makassar city this

month was marked by the increasingly widespread transition season in South Sulawesi. All of

South Sulawesi have entered the transition season with a number of Makassar cities in the

vicinity followed by a transition season. Based on the graph of the monthly rainfall pattern in

the city of Makassar the rainfall intensity is less than 150 mm, where the city of Makassar

during the transition season has rainfall intensity ranging from 70 mm to 120 mm.

In July, based on the graph of the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern in the city of

Makassar in July, it showed a decrease in rainfall intensity in the transition season towards the

middle season, in this case Makassar City has less than 100 mm rainfall intensity, ie 30 mm to

50 mm. The area in the transition season to the dry season starts from Makassar City to expand

to the northern part of South Sulawesi.

In August, the entire region of South Sulawesi, especially the city of Makassar, entered

the dry season. It can be said that the peak of the dry season occurred this month. The dry

season occurs in the entire region of South Sulawesi, especially in the city of Makassar. Based

on the monthly monsoonal rainfall pattern in the city of Makassar this month has the intensity of

rainfall reaching less than 50 mm, namely rainfall between 10 mm to 15 mm.

September is the beginning of the Australian monsoon decay which is described by the

addition of a little rain in the dry season. Areas with minimal rainfall occurred in South

Sulawesi, especially in Makassar City which began to appear increase in rain intensity. Based


on the graph, the monthly rainfall pattern in Makassar City this month has a rainfall intensity of

less than 50 mm, namely rainfall between 20 mm and 40 mm this month.

In October, fom the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern in October there was a movement

from the dry season which turned to the rainy season in Makassar City. Another interesting

thing is the coming of the Asian monsoon influence which is seen with the emergence of

potential rain in the northern part of South Sulawesi which is close to the Asian Continent.

Therefore, based on the monthly monsoonal rainfall pattern in Makassar City, the intensity of

rainfall is more than 50 mm, which is rainfall between 40 mm and 100 mm this month.

In November, the monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern on this island shows the influence

of Australian sun and the entry of Asian monsoon with wet air so that in the northern region of

South Sulawesi there appears to be a significant increase in the month's rainfall. Based on the

graph of the monthly rainfall pattern in the area of Makassar City receives rainfall with an

intensity of rainfall greater than 100 mm which is 200 mm of rainfall this month. So it can be

said that this month the winter has disappeared and has been replaced by the presence of the wet

Asian monsoon.

In December, this last month can be seen that the Asian monsoon pattern is dominant in

the western part of South Sulawesi. Increased rainfall intensity occurs in almost all areas of

South Sulawesi, especially in Makassar City. Areas that have high rainfall based on monthly

monsoonal rainfall patterns such as those in Makassar City have an increasing rainfall intensity

this month with rainfall greater than 600 mm.

Frequency of Rain in the Morning, Daytime and Nighttime that occurred in Makassar

City in 2005-2014 for 10 years in the Transition Season (Transition Season I and

Transition Season II)

Transition Season I (Occurs in April and May).

Figure 2. Bulk frequency for a daily duration of 3 hours in April in Makassar.

Based on figure 2 is a graph of the frequency of daily duration of 3 hours duration in

Makassar which has been processed in 2005-2014 for 10 years in April as follows:

In April 2005 showed that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-12.00



hours) at 37 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-18.00 hours) as

much as 51 mm/ hour, and frequency rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as much as 34

mm/hour.

In April 2006, the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-12.00 hours) as much

as 29 mm/ hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-18.00 hours) at 60

mm/ hour, and frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) a total of 27 mm/hour.


hours) as much as 5 mm/hour. then the frequency of rain occurs during the day (12.00 - 18.00

hours) as much as 59 mm/ hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00 - 24.00 hours)

as much as 10 mm/hour.



much as 62 mm/ hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 - wita) as much as

34 mm/hour.

In April 2009 showed that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (8:00 a.m. to

12:00 a.m.) a total of 13 mm / hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12:00 to

18:00 hours) as much as 160 mm/hour, while the frequency of rain at night (20.00-24.00-wita)

does not occur because there is no rain.

In April 2010 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (8:00 a.m.

to 12:00 a.m.) a total of 15 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12:00

to 18:00 hours) as much as 45 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00-

wita) as much as 25 mm/ hour.



much as 84 mm/ hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00-wita) as much as

64 mm/hour.

In April 2012 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-

12.00 hours) as much as 13 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-

18.00 hours) by 103 mm/hour, while the frequency of huh does not occur at night (20.00-24.00

hours).


hours) as much as 63 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-18.00

hours) as much as 137 mm/hours, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours)




hours) as much as 38 mm/ hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night at 18:00 to 24:00 a

day of 207 mm/hour.


Figure graph 3. Bulk frequency for a daily duration

of 3 hours in May in Makassar.

Based figure 3, it is a graph of the frequency of daily rainfall of 3 hours duration in

Makassar which has been processed in 2005-2014 for 10 years in May as follows.

In May 2005 showed that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-12.00


hours) at 55 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) at a rate of

2 mm/hour.

In May 2006 showed that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (8:00 a.m. to

12:00 a.m.) by 2 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12: 00-18: 00

hours) by 78 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (20.00-24.00 hours) at a rate of

19 mm/hour.



hours) at 61 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as much as

6 mm/hour.



hours) at 3 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) at a rate of 1

mm/hour.


hours) at 1 mm /hour. then the frequency of rain occurs during the day (12.00-18.00 hours) as

much as 119 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as much as

1 mm/hour.





hours) a lot of 113 mm/ hour, and the frequency the rain happened at night (18.00-24.00 hours)



hours) as much as 9 mm / hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-18.00

hours) at 25 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18:00 to 24:00 hours) as much

as 15 mm/hour.


hours) as much as 8 mm/hour. then the frequency of rain occurs during the day (12.00-18.00

hours) at a rate of 172 mm/ hour. The frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00-wita) as

much as 3 mm/hour.



hours) at 32 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18:00 to 24:00 hours) as much

as 9 mm/hour.



hours) at 99 mm/hour. and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) at a rate of

22 mm/hour.

Transition Season II (Occurs in October and November)

Figure 4. The frequency of rainfall is only the duration

of 3 hours in October in Makassar.

Based on figure 4, which is a graph of the frequency of daily duration of 3 hours duration

in Makassar which has been processed in 2005-2014 for 10 years in October as follows.

In October 2005 showed that the frequency of rain did not occur in the morning (08.00-

12.00 hours) because there was no rain, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day


(12.00-18.00 hours) as much as 143 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-

24.00 hours) as much as 6 mm/ hour.

In October 2006 showed that the frequency of rain in the morning (08.00-12.00 hours),

then the frequency of rain during the day (12.00-18.00 hours), and the frequency of rain at night

(18.00-24.00) no because there was no rain that month.

In October 2007 showed that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (8:00 a.m. to

12:00 a.m.) a total of 5 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12:00 to

18:00 hours) as much as 62 mm/hours, and the frequency of the night at night (18.00-24.00

hours) is not there because there is no rain.

In October 2008 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (8:00

a.m. to 12:00 a.m.) a total of 4 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day

(12:00 to 18:00 hours) as much as 49 mm/hour, and the frequency of January occurs at night

(18:00 to 24:00 hours) by 13 mm/hour.

In October 2009 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-

18.00 hours) a total of 35 m/hour, whereas in the morning (8.00-12.00) and at night (18.00-

24.00 hours) no because there is no rain.

In October 2010 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred in the hours (08.00-


18.00 hours) as much as 73 mm/hour, and the frequency rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00

hours) as much as 14 mm/hour.

In October 2011 showed that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-12.00

hours) as much as 14 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-

18.00-wita) as many as 194 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night occurs at (18:00

- 24:00 hours) as much as 7 mm/ hour.

In October 2012 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-

12.00 hours) by 16 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred at noon (12.00-18.00 hours) as

much as 36 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain at night (18.00-24.00 hours) is not there because

there is no rain.

In October 2013 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-

12.00 hours) by 3 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-18.00

hours) as much as 168 mm/hour , and the frequency of rain at night (18.00-24.00 hours) is not

there because there is no rain.

In October 2014 showed that the frequency of rain in the morning (08.00-14.00 hours),

during the day (at 14.00-20.00 hours), and at night (at 20.00-24.00 hours) is not there because

there is no rain.



Figure 5. Rainfall frequency is only 3 hours in November in Makassar

Based on figure 5, which is a graph of the frequency of daily duration of 3 hours duration

in Makassar which has been processed in 2005-2014 for 10 years in November as follows:

In November 2005 showed that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning (08.00-

12.00 hours), 32 mm / hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-18.00

hours) as much as 178 mm/ hour, and frequency rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as

much as 10 mm/hour.

In November 2006 showed that the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-

18.00 hours) as much as 135 mm/hour, while the frequency of rain in the morning (8.00-12.00),

and at night (18.00-24.00) there was no because there is no rain.

In November 2007 showed that the frequency of rain occurs in the morning (08.00-12.00

hours) as much as 3 mm / hour, then the frequency of rain occurs during the day (12.00-18.00

hours) as much as 151 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours)



12.00 hours) at 57 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-18.00

hours) as much as 146 mm/ hour, and the frequency rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as

much as 40 mm/hour.



hours) as much as 44 mm/ hour, and the frequency rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as

much as 63 mm/hour.

In November 2010 it was shown that the frequency of rain occurred in the morning

(08.00-12.00 hours) at 6 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurred during the day (12.00-

18.00 hours) as much as 153 mm/hour, and frequency rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours)




18.00 hours) as much as 50 mm/hour, and frequency Rain at night (18.00-24.00 WIB) does not

exist because there is no rain.




hours) as much as 107 mm/ hour, and frequency rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as

much as 55 mm/hour.

In November 2014 showed that the frequency of rain occurs in the morning (08.00-12.00

hours) as much as 2 mm/hour, then the frequency of rain occurs during the day (12.00-18.00-

wita) as much as 70 mm/hour, and the frequency of rain occurs at night (18.00-24.00 hours) as

much as 2 mm/hour.

Based on the results of the processing of rainfall data carried out for 30 years (period

1985-2014), it can be seen that Makassar City has a monsoonal pattern. In the graph of the

monsoonal monthly rainfall pattern, it can be seen that during the rainy season the peak rainfall

intensity is once a year (unimoda) which occurs in December, January and February. In

December, January and February, the average monthly rainfall accumulates more than 150 mm.

Whereas in the dry season the monthly rainfall intensity is at least once a year which occurs in

June, July and August. In June, July, August has an average monthly rainfall accumulation of

less than 150 mm.

During the first transition season, the rainy season changes to the dry season or also

called the dry season/dry season. The dry or dry season is in the tropics which is influenced by

the monsoon system. Called the dry season, because monthly rainfall must be below 60 mm per

month (20 mm/consecutive) for three consecutive decades.

In the second transition season (the change of the dry season to the rainy season) or the

so-called wet season or wet season is the season with characteristics of increasing rainfall in a

region compared to usually within a certain period of time permanently. Technically,

meteorology, the rainy season is thought to begin to occur if the rainfall in the three consecutive

has exceeded 100 mm / m² per consecutive and continues.

In general, the frequency of rain in the transition period I is in April where the dominant

rainfall occurs during the day (12.00-14.00 hours) while in May where the dominant rainfall

occurs during the day (12.00 - 16.00 hours). The frequency of rain in the transition season II in

October where the dominant rainfall occurs during the day (12.00-16.00 hours). Whereas in

November rainfall is spread evenly in each time span or interval (morning to night) with the

highest frequency occurring during the day (12.00-16.00 hours).

CONCLUSION

Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: The monthly rainfall

pattern that occurs in Makassar City is a monsoonal rain pattern with two peaks of rain that

occur in January and December and the smallest intensity of rainfall in August. In the transition

season, the frequency of rain that occurs in the city of Makassar is: the frequency of rain in the

morning (08.00-12.00 hours) predominantly in November with the highest rainfall of 73 mm

/hours, the frequency of rain during the day (12.00-18.00 hours) is dominant in May with the

highest rainfall of 194 mm/hour and the frequency of rain at night (18.00-24.00 local time) is

dominant in April with the highest rainfall of 207 mm/hour.



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The Government’s Role in the Development of Yendi Beach Tourism

Destinations in Biak Numfor Regency

Djamil Hasyim1, Amiruddin Gunawan2, Moh Sudi3, Delly Mustafa4, Rijal5

Institut Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (IISIP) YAPIS Biak

Universitas Pejuang Republik Indonesia (UPRI) Makassar


ABSTRACT

Tourism is a magnet of a region to realise a developing area. This study aims to clarify the role of the

Government in the Development of Yendi Beach Tourist Attraction in Biak Numfor Regency. This

research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are done through observation,

interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The results showed that the role of the Tourism Office

in developing Yendi Beach's tourism potential in Biak Numfor District was dominant as a Motivator

compared to other roles, namely as a Facilitator and a Dynamicsator. This role as a facilitator is seen

mainly in the form of: provision of facilities and infrastructure for tourist attraction objects, which are still

largely borne by the Department of Tourism as the leading sector, facilitation in channelling stimulant

financial assistance for people who want to develop tourism attractions, promotion of attraction objects

tourism, as well as facilitation to third parties, such as investors and tourism entrepreneurs to develop

Yendi Beach tourism business in Biak Numfor Regency.

Keywords: Role of Government; Tourism Attraction Data Objects; Yendi Beach.

INTRODUCTION

Tourism according to Law Number 10 of 2009 is everything related to tourism including

business, tourist attractions and attractions as well as businesses related to tourism management.

The definition includes all activities related to travel, before and during the trip and returning to

the place of origin of the tourist attraction or tourist attractions (natural scenery, recreational

parks, historical relics, cultural art performance). Tourism businesses and facilities in the form

of service businesses, travel agencies, tour guides, business facilities, accommodation and other

businesses related to tourism (Said, Akib, Salam, & Baharuddin, 2017; Said, Wahidiyat,

Andayani, Harifuddin, & Salam, 2017; Samad, Salim, Arfin, & Akib, 2018).

Biak Numfor Regency is located in Cenderawasih Bay at the point of 0 ° 21'-1 ° 31 'S,

134 ° 47'-136 ° 48' E with an altitude of 0 - 1,000 meters above sea level. This district is a group

of islands located in the northern mainland of Papua and directly opposite the Pacific Ocean.

This position makes Biak Numfor Regency one of the strategic and important places to connect

with the outside world, especially countries in the Pacific region, Australia and the Philippines.

This geographical location is proof that its position is very strategic to develop industrial areas

including the tourism industry.

Talking about tourism located in eastern Indonesia, Papua is the most attractive region

because it has extraordinary natural potential. One of the data objects of the tourist attraction is

Yendi Beach, located in Yendidori Village, Yendidori District, Biak Numfor Regency. Its




uniqueness and beauty become valuable capital to advance the tourism sector in Biak Numfor.

Advanced tourism development will not be successful without the support of all parties (Babu,

Kaur, & Rajendran, 2018; El-Gohary, 2016; Ndou, Mele, & Del Vecchio, 2018). Considering

that it is still not yet developed, it requires the development of tourist objects as well as

involving community participation in the development of a better Yendi Beach Area by

focusing on its sustainable aspects.

In developing an area or region into a Tourism Destination, it must be supported by

adequate Human Resources both in quality and quantity. Human Resources is recognised as a

very important component of tourism development (Hales & Jennings, 2017). Also, the role of

government is needed to motivate or encourage the community to participate in developing

tourism in these locations. The goal of tourism development is basically to improve the status of

tourism from the development sub-sector to the mainstay development sector that can activate

the economy and other related sectors. As a service industry, tourism is expected to function as

an agent in development (Babu et al., 2018).

Battor, Ismail, & Battor (2011) suggest that planning the development and marketing of a

tourist destination requires the cooperation and coordination of various government officials,

physical planners, architects, financial analysts, investors, economists, sociologists,

archaeologists and related elements in it. The role of the government is very necessary for

making regulations, conducting supervision, making policies, because the policy is long-term

planning that needs to be done by the Government of Biak Numfor Regency especially

Yedindori Village in developing tourism in the tourist attraction object of Yendi Beach. Besides

the role of the government in preparing human resources, because Human Resources (HR) is

one of the supporting factors of the government in developing a tourism destination.

In supporting the development of this tourism destination, the Government of Biak

Numfor Regency is expected to be able to provide several facilities, as explained in the

Regional Regulation of Biak Numfor Regency Number 3 of 2011 concerning tourism, which in

article 38 states that the tourism facilities owned by the region consist of accommodation

business facilities, recreation businesses and entertainment, tourist attractions, marine tourism,

tourism training and tourism information services. Therefore, supporting facilities are expected

to be available so that tourists are interested in visiting tourism, due to the lack of tourism in

Papua. Especially in Biak Numfor Regency when compared to other regions, although the

bargaining value of tourism is so tempting, to travel to Papua is still considered expensive, both

financially and physically. Researchers' observations on the object under study show that, the

development in the management of attractions in the Yendidori village has not been maximised

so that it gives a great influence also to the community where the community's concern in the

Yendidori village in developing data objects Attraction is not optimal and allowing the tourism

object neglected so that the interest of tourists to visit this attraction is reduced because nothing

is interesting.

Lack of community care in developing this tourism object such as by leaving the facilities

in the tourist attraction damaged, not cleaning the tourist attraction environment, lack of good

communication access, lack of adequate transportation, and good lodging so that tourists feel

uncomfortable. Whereas for the lack of interest of tourists to visit tourist attractions due to

uninteresting is whereas we know that there are now so many tourists visiting tourist

destinations to take pictures but if the attractions themselves are not attractive such as lack of

photo spots, lack of exploration tourist attraction by not promoting the attraction to social




Djamil Hasyim, et.all; The Government’s Role in the Development …|191

media. From this background, researchers are interested in researching Tourism Objects by

raising the title "The Role of the Government in the Development of Yendi Beach Tourism

Destinations in Biak Numfor Regency."

METHOD

This research is located in Yendi Beach, Kampung Yendidori, Yendidori District, Biak

Numfor Regency. This research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach with case study research

combined with triangulation techniques. The research data collection was conducted through

Observations, Interviews, and Literature Studies. Data analysis is the activity of processing data

that has been collected from the field or library to become a set of results, both in discovery and

in the data processing. To analyse the data, the researcher uses the logic of deduction, by

comparing the theory behind the problem (Creswell & Poth, 2018). Data obtained from the field

is processed by collecting all data to be grouped, selected and then analysed.

The method used in qualitative data analysis is to analyse data based on the quality of the

data used to solve the main problem of research, then described in the form of descriptive

language. The data analysis technique used is to follow the steps of the "interactive model"

(Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014), namely Data Collection, Data Display, Data

Condensation, and Conclusion Drawing / verifying.


The purpose of developing each of the existing tourist destinations, especially the Yendi

Beach Tourism Object, Biak Numfor Regency, provides benefits or benefits to the government,

tourists, and especially the residents or the local community. With the development carried out

it provides enormous benefits, especially the local community through the economic

improvement they get.

Yendi Beach Tourism Potential Development has made tourism potential able to

contribute to increasing the amount of local revenue. This is due to the development of tourism

potential, in this case Yendi Beach, then automatically administrative services, infrastructure,

and typical tourism products can be improved to attract visitors/tourists to visit these attractions.

With the development efforts mentioned above, it is in line with expectations, namely an

increase in the number of tourist visits that have an impact on ticket sales (retribution) which

can ultimately contribute to an increase in the amount of Original Local Revenue. In the concept

of development, the role of government determines the success of tourism development by

moving the "local economy wheel" of the area. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

(MSMEs) are also growing so that the empowerment of local communities has a positive impact

on the level of participation in development. The concept of developing Yendi Beach which is a

comfortable tourist spot with all the services, beauty and souvenirs offered will directly impact

on the increase of local revenue significantly.

Not only that, but the role of the government can also determine the direction and

participation of the people who live around the area of tourist attractions and include all of the

various customs and cultures in Kampung Yedindori Biak Numfor Regency to increase public

awareness of respect for the culture and local natural preservation. If the local government does

this continues to be improved, it is not impossible that the area around Yendi Beach can become

a developing and independent tourism area. Therefore, to see the extent of the role of the



government in the development of Yendi Beach attractions, the concept of the government

offered by researchers tries to describe the role of government based on the theory put forward

by experts, namely the role of the government as a motivator, facilitator, and dynamist in

developing tourist destinations.

Government as Motivator. The government can create enthusiasm or spirit to encourage

the achievement of rapid economic growth and requires not only the development of supply

factors which increase the production capacity of the people, namely human and natural

resources, capital and technology, but also external demand factors, without increasing potential

can be realised. To that end, the local government is constantly making changes and creating a

breakthrough in how to create jobs so that they can overcome or reduce the unemployment rate

and at the same time have implications for improving social welfare, especially those living in

Kampung Yedindori Biak Numfor Regency.

The application of the concept of the role of government as a motivator is very important

to be realised by the local government in increasing community motivation so that it can affect

the level of public awareness to love the existing tourism development areas. The role of the

local government is very important, both in developing Yendi Beach attractions and involving

the community, as well as the role of the local government in motivating all levels of

government to be more active in developing existing tourism products.

Government as Motivator. The government can create enthusiasm or spirit to encourage

the achievement of rapid economic growth and requires not only the development of supply

factors which increase the production capacity of the people, namely human and natural

resources, capital and technology, but also external demand factors, without increasing potential

can be realised. To that end, the local government is constantly making changes and creating a

breakthrough in how to create jobs so that they can overcome or reduce the unemployment rate

and at the same time have implications for improving social welfare, especially those living in

Kampung Yedindori Biak Numfor Regency.

The application of the concept of the role of the government as a motivator is very

important to be realised by the local government in increasing community motivation so that it

can influence the level of public awareness to love the existing tourism development areas. The

role of the local government is very important, both in developing Yendi Beach attractions and

involving the community, as well as the role of the local government in motivating all levels of

government to be more active in developing existing tourism products.

The development of the tourism sector was successful because the wider community

could play an active role. So that the wider community can play a role in tourism development,

the community is given an understanding of what is meant by tourism, the benefits and benefits

gained from these creative economic activities. Besides, the community also knows things that

can be detrimentally caused by the community. Therefore, the role of the local government as a

motivator is very important in improving the tourism object of Yendi Beach. Likewise, the

involvement or involvement of citizens in creative economic activities will determine the

success of the development of attractions. The impact is that it can reduce the economic, social

and cultural gaps of the community by being motivated to maintain the environmental attraction

of the tourist attraction.

According to the expert, quoted in the Journal of the Contribution of Tourism to

Economic Growth and Food Security (tourism's contribution to economic growth and food

security) the economic benefits of tourism are not only in direct economic growth but in the


process by which tourism can expand employment opportunities for the poor in these areas,

increased access to services and supporting infrastructure and mitigation of environmental and

natural resource impacts (Richardson, 2010). These benefits have been accompanied by

negative impacts such as the transmission of disease outbreaks, the threat of terrorism and also

leakage of income from the tourism sector when greater tourism investment is dominated by

foreign ownership, employment of foreign citizens and imported foodstuffs (Richardson, 2010,

p. 54).

The tourism sector is one of the sectors that can contribute to the economy in Biak

Numfor Regency, in this case the development of Yendi Beach tourist attraction day in

Yendidori Village because it can absorb labour. This happens because of the demand for hotels,

restaurants and supporting services for the transportation of tourists who come. With the arrival

of tourists to Yendi Beach, it opens up opportunities for people to become entrepreneurs or

managers of hotels, restaurants, transportation services and management of tourist attraction

objects. Thus providing opportunities for residents to work, and get income later. Therefore, the

role of the government as a motivator is very clear and important in determining the

development of attractions.

The government as a motivator in developing tourism tries as much as possible to further

improve and motivate the community through training to achieve the desired goals. The results

of observations in the field of researchers see that the motivation of the community in

developing tourism objects is very high but is hampered because HR is still lacking in tourism

knowledge, besides that the government has not been maximally involved in motivating the

Yendi Beach community of Yedindori Village.

The government's efforts as a motivator in motivating by providing training and

education to the community in this case the Yendi Beach tourist attraction manager has not been

optimal, this shows that the quality of existing human resources has not been able to implement

a good tourist management process so tourism marketing is constrained because the community

does not yet have skills in developing existing attractions. Especially the performance of tour

managers because they are the first people encountered by tourists. The manager of the tourist

attraction has a very important role because during the holidays more tourists intersect or adapt

to the manager and tour guide. The role of a tour guide largely determines good or bad the

impression received by tourists.

Government as a Facilitator. Government as a Facilitator. The role of the local

government as a facilitator is to accelerate development through improving the environment and

the behaviour of residents. This role can include streamlining the development process,

improving planning procedures and establishing local regulations. Pitana & Gayatri (2005)

suggested that local government has a role in developing the potential of regional tourism as a

facilitator. As a facilitator for the development of tourism potential, the role of the government

is to provide all the facilities that support all programs held by the Department of Tourism. In

practice, the government can collaborate with various parties, both private and public.

Therefore, in the study analysed items that become a reference to get the results used in

developing Yendi Beach attractions, namely: promotion of attractions, supporting facilities and

infrastructure, as well as supporting budget availability.

Government as a dynamic. The role of the dynamics is the effort of the Tourism Office

of Biak Numfor Regency to realise good tourism governance. Therefore, the results of this study

outline problem related to the role of the government as a dynamic, namely conducting good



cooperation between the government and the private sector and the community, partnerships

with outside parties, and community participation.

The role of the regional government in this case the responsible tourism office in the field

of tourism will largely determine the development of tourism in the Biak Numfor Regency

going forward. Cooperation and involvement of the private sector and the community in the

field of tourism are facilitated by the government in this case the Tourism Office of Biak

Numfor Regency because it is certain that the Office cannot walk alone and work alone to

develop tourism in Biak Numfor Regency without the intervention of existing stakeholders,

namely the private sector and the community. Tourism activities are systemic and their

implementation cannot be carried out separately, so inevitably there must be synergy between

existing stakeholders.

Public and private involvement is also very important in the preparation of regulations in

the context of this region is the Regional Regulation of Biak Numfor Regency. Public and

private involvement in planning and drafting local regulations is still minimal because they are

more involved in the implementation phase, although it is recognized that tourism or private

actors and the community are the objects of the policies made. The relationship of the Biak

Numfor Regency Tourism Office with all the stakeholders, both public and private, is generally

said to be not good enough, because it turns out that the Biak Numfor Regency Tourism Office

has not been able to embrace all stakeholders to be able to actively participate in the

development of tourism in their area, especially in terms of policymaking. The cooperation

developed between the government is very good at increasing the rate of development of Yendi

Beach tourist attraction. Therefore, it is understood that the important role of the government is

to encourage increased participation of the people of Yedindori Village to increase the number

of tourists from outside the region and from foreign countries. According to Pitana & Gayatri

(2005: 95) that local government has a role in developing the potential of regional tourism as a

dynamic, in the pillars of the principles of good governance so that that ideal development can

take place, the government, private sector and the community work well together. The local

government as one of the stakeholders in tourism development has a role in synergising the

three parties, so that among them a mutual symbiosis is created for the development of tourism.

The principle of good governance is an idea and value to regulate the pattern of

relationships between government, the private sector and the community. The partnership

between the regional government and the private sector is a common step taken to cover the

limitations of the regional government in providing public services and regional development.

The partnership builds relationships between all levels of government and civil society to

improve good governance in Indonesia sustainably. The partnership carried out in this case is

the cooperation that has been or is being carried out with other parties that are useful to provide

convenience in the process of implementation (operationalisation) of the formation of

community-based tourism.

Partnerships are very important in developing tourism for attracting tourists from outside,

especially the role of the government in conducting various cooperation programs between the

private sector and the community. The results of observations in the field found that

partnerships built by the government, the private sector and the community were not optimal,

where in this case the government lacked the socialisation of tourism in Yendi Beach. This

finding is by the opinion of Rorah (2012) regarding "Community Based Tourism in the Village

of Kebonagung, Imogiri District". This study revealed that the Management of Kebonagung


Village was carried out directly by the local community through tourism awareness groups. This

group is an organisation formed and its members are the people of Kebonagung Village.

Kebonagung Tourism Village as a form of community-based tourism has implemented three

principles of community-based tourism although it has not been implemented maximally.

Relevance with the results of this study is the similarity of objectives, namely knowing the

development of community-based tourism in a region and the role of community participation

in the development of the tourism sector.

Community participation is the awareness and desire of the community to contribute to

any government activity that invites community participation as citizens. To optimise the role of

the government, community participation needs to be the main focus, because the community is

the subject and object of the policy. The participation of the Yedindori village community about

the development of the Yendi Beach tourism object is very high, but is constrained from the

government side in providing direction and motivation to manage the tourist attraction as initial

capital for community income and regional income. The role of the Office as the Regional

Government responsible for the tourism sector will determine the development of tourism

destinations in the Biak Numfor Regency in the future. Cooperation and involvement of the

private sector and the community in the field of tourism need to be facilitated by the

government in this case the Tourism Office in Biak Numfor Regency, but in reality the tourism

office cannot walk alone and work alone to develop Tourism in Biak Numfor Regency without

the intervention of existing stakeholders namely private and public.

Based on the results of research and discussion above, it can be stated that the Role of the

Office of Tourism in the Development of Tourism is an effort made by the Office about the

authority it has to develop tourism in its region, which includes efforts to provide tourism

support facilities (Facilitators), cooperation which is synergistic with various tourism

stakeholders (dynamic), and is a driving force for local communities to always support the

development of tourism in their regions (motivators).

CONCLUSION

The role of the Tourism Office in the Development of Yendi Beach Tourism Potential in

Biak Numfor Regency is dominant as a Motivator compared to other roles, namely as a

Facilitator and a Dynamicsator. This role as a facilitator is seen mainly in the provision of object

infrastructure which is still largely borne by the Dinas, the distribution of stimulant funds for

people who want to develop a tourist attraction, promotion of tourist attraction objects, and

facilities provided to third parties such as investors and tourism entrepreneurs to develop their

tourism business.

The role of the local government as a facilitator is the Tourism Office to make it happen

by providing infrastructure facilities in tourism objects, providing facilities to investors and

tourism entrepreneurs in the form of policies and regulations that can protect and benefit

tourism investors and entrepreneurs, marketing tourist attraction objects, facilitating groups

people aware of tourism to get stimulant funds and so forth. As a Motivator, its role is needed to

motivate the community, investors and tourism entrepreneurs, both in the form of socialisation

and training and the provision of stimulant funds. Motivation is also given to investors and

tourism entrepreneurs so that investors and tourism entrepreneurs are interested in developing

Yendi Beach tourism businesses, as well as indirectly alleviating the budget burden from the



Tourism Office to develop tourism potential in Biak Numfor Regency. As a dynamic, the

regional government does various things related to cooperation between sectors, both the private

sector and other government sectors, as well as with the local community

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quality. Table made with the open model (without the vertical lines) as shown below:

Table 1. Global Piracy: Actual and Attempted Piracy Attack in Different Regions, 2004-2014.

Locations 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Southeast Asia 158 102 83 70 54 47 70 80 104 128 141

Far East 15 20 5 10 11 22 44 23 7 13 8

Indian Sub-continent 32 36 53 30 23 30 29 16 19 26 34

South America 45* 25 29 21 14 37 40 25 17 18 5

Africa 71 80 61 120 189 266 259 293 150 79 55

Rest of World 8 13 8 12 3 8 4 2 0 0 2

Total at year end 329 276 239 263 293 410 445 439 297 264 245

* Including one case from USA, as the 2006 report put America region instead of South America as in 2010 and 2014 report.

Notes: the report was based on countries where the piracy and armed robbery occurred and the countries classified by regions.

Vietnam and South China Sea were listed as part of Far East Region even though the actual location is in Southeast Asia.

ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

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Reference

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Books with an author:

Achmad Ali. (2012). Menguak Teori Hukum (Legal Theory) dan Teori Peradilan

(Judicialprudence) Termasuk Interpretasi Undang-Undang (Legisprudence). Jakarta:

Kencana.

Books with an editor:

Sulistyowati Irianto (ed). (2009). Hukum Yang Bergerak; Tinjauan Antropologi Hukum.

Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Journal articles:

Irwansyah. (2013). “Jejak Demokrasi Lingkungan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun

2009” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Amanna Gappa, 21(2): 121-131.

World Wide Web:

British Broadcasting Corporation. (2012). Noken Papua Mendapat Pengakuan UNESCO.

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2012/12/121205_noken

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KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI,

Menimbang : a. bahwa berdasarkan hasil akreditasi jurnal ilmiah yang

ditetapkan oleh Tim Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi pada tanggal 23 Nopember dan dalam rangka melaksanakan ketentuan Pasal 6

ayat (5) Peraturan Menteri Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi Nomor 9 Tahun 2018 tentang Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah,

perlu menetapkan Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode III Tahun 2018;

b. bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana dimaksud

pada huruf a, perlu menetapkan Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi tentang Peringkat Akreditasi

Jurnal Ilmiah Periode III Tahun 2018;

Mengingat : 1. Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2012 tentang Pendidikan

Tinggi (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 158, tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5336);

2. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 4 Tahun 2014 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan dan Pengelolaan Perguruan Tinggi (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014, Nomor 16,

tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5500);

3. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 13 Tahun 2015 tentang Kementerian

Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 14);

4. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 121/P Tahun 2014 tentang

Pembentukan Kementerian dan Pengangkatan Menteri Kabinet Kerja Periode Tahun 2014-2019;

5. Keputusan Presiden Nomor 99/M Tahun 2015 tentang Pemberhentian dan Pengangkatan Dari dan Dalam Jabatan Pimpinan Tinggi Madya di Lingkungan Kementerian Riset,

Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi;

-2-

6. Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 49/PMK.02/2017 tentang Standar Biaya Masukan Tahun

Anggaran 2018;

7. Peraturan Menteri Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi Nomor 15 Tahun 2015 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja

Kementerian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 889);

8. Peraturan Menteri Riset Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi Nomor 9 Tahun 20018 tentang Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah; (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2018 Nomor 428);

MEMUTUSKAN:

Menetapkan : KEPUTUSAN DIREKTUR JENDERAL PENGUATAN RISET DAN PENGEMBANGAN KEMENTERIAN RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN

PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TENTANG PERINGKAT AKREDITASI JURNAL ILMIAH PERIODE III TAHUN 2018.

KESATU : Menetapkan Peringkat Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah Periode III Tahun 2018 sebagaimana tercantum dalam Lampiran yang merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari Keputusan

Direktur Jenderal ini.

KEDUA : Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Diktum KESATU berlaku selama 5 (lima) tahun sejak dinilai baik oleh

Tim Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah.

KETIGA : Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Diktum

KESATU dapat mengajukan kembali kenaikan peringkat setelah menerbitkan minimal 1 (satu) nomor penerbitan.

KEEMPAT : Setiap jurnal ilmiah wajib mencantumkan masa berlaku

akreditasi dengan menuliskan tanggal penetapan dan tanggal akhir masa berlaku akreditasi.

KELIMA : Apabila dikemudian hari ditemukan ketidaksesuaian dengan Pedoman Akreditasi Jurnal Ilmiah, maka status akreditasi jurnal ilmiah yang bersangkutan dapat dicabut atau

diturunkan.

KEENAM : Keputusan Direktur Jenderal ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal ditetapkan.

Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 10 Desember 2018

DIREKTUR JENDERAL PENGUATAN RISET DAN PENGEMBANGAN,

TTD.

MUHAMMAD DIMYATI NIP 195912171984041001

Salinan sesuai dengan aslinya,

Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Kepala Bagian Hukum, Kerjasama, dan Layanan Informasi,

TTD.

Syarip Hidayat NIP 197306101997031004

-8-

2 Agrium: Jurnal Ilmu

Pertanian 24427306

Universitas Muhammadiyah

Sumatera Utara

3 Al-Ard : Jurnal Teknik

Lingkungan 25491652

Universitas Islam Negeri

Sunan Ampel Surabaya

4 Biotropic: The Journal of

Tropical Biology 25805029

Program Studi Biologi

Fakultas Saintek UIN Sunan

Ampel Surabaya

5 DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi

dan Pendidikan Kristiani 25413945

Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Intheos

Surakarta

6

E-DIMAS: Jurnal

Pengabdian kepada

Masyarakat

25285041 LPPM Universitas PGRI

Semarang

7 Edutech : Jurnal

Teknologi Pendidikan 25020781

Prodi Teknologi Pendidikan

Universitas Pendidikan

Indonesia

8

Eko-Regional: Jurnal

Pembangunan Ekonomi

Wilayah

26208849

Program Studi IESP

Universitas Jenderal

Soedirman dan ISEI Cabang

Purwokerto

9

Ekuilibrium : Jurnal

Ilmiah Bidang Ilmu

Ekonomi

25287672

Fakultas Ekonomi,

Universitas Muhammadiyah

Ponorogo

10

Elkawnie : Journal of

Islamic Science And

Technology

24608920 Center for Research and

Publication UIN Ar-Raniry

11 GEOID: Journal of

Geodesy and Geomatics 24423998

Departemen Teknik

Geomatika - FTSLK - ITS

12

IDEAS : Journal on English

Language Teaching and

Learning, Linguistics and

Literature

25484192 Institut Agama Islam Negeri

Palopo

13 Indonesian Journal of

Chemical Research 26142627

Jurusan Kimia, FMIPA,

Universitas Pattimura

14 Indonesian Journal of

Educational Counseling 25412787

Universitas Mathla'ul Anwar

Banten

15

JBIO: Jurnal Biosains

(The Journal of

Biosciences)

24606804

Program Studi Biologi,

Fakultas Matematika dan

Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam,

Universitas Negeri Medan

16 JIKO (Jurnal Informatika

dan Komputer) 24773964

Pusat Penelitian dan

Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat

STMIK AKAKOM Yogyakarta

17 Journal of Applied

Accounting and Taxation 25489925

Pusat P2M Politeknik Negeri

Batam

18 Journal of Management

and Business Review 25030736

Research Center and Case

Clearing House Sekolah Tinggi

Manajemen PPM

19 JPK (Jurnal Pancasila dan

Kewarganegaraan) 25277057

LPPM Universitas

Muhammadiyah Ponroogo

20 JTSL (Jurnal Tanah dan

Sumberdaya Lahan) 25499793 Universitas Brawijaya

21

Jurnal Ad'ministrare:

Jurnal Pemikiran Ilmiah

dan Pendidikan

25411306

Program Studi Pendidikan

Administrasi Perkantoran FIS


Rudi

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Published by:Program Studi Pendidikan Administrasi PerkantoranFakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Makassar

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