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Food Security

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Unit One

Food Security

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Part One Listening Practice

Section A News Reports

News Report 1

A. Listen to the news report and select the best answer to each question.

1. How much fund have leaders of the worlds wealthiest nations promised to increase

food security in poor countries? ( )

A. Twenty billion dollars.

B. Two billion dollars.

C. Twenty million dollars.

D. Two million dollars.

2. Where was the G8 summit meeting held? ( )

A. In the United States.

B. In Italy.

C. In Africa.

D. In France.

3. What is the aim of G8 summit according to the passage? ( )

A. To honor past promises of food and development assistance.

B. To offer more money to the developing countries.

C. To help fight world hunger through agricultural development programs.

D. To help people get rid of poverty.

4. How much has the United States promised toward the three-year program? ( )

A. $3.5 million.

B. $35 million.

C. $35 billion.

D. $3.5 billion.

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( )

A. The announcement followed talks just between G8 leaders.

B. While food prices have decreased from their peak last year, they remain high in historical terms.

C. The economic crisis has only pushed even more people into poverty.

D.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization welcomed the announcement made by the leaders of the worlds wealthiest nations.

B. Listen to the news report again and complete the paragraphs with the missing words or phrases.

A statement noted that while food prices have decreased (1) last year, they remain high in (2) . And the economic crisis has only (3) even more people into poverty.

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (4) the announcement. But some activists say they are waiting for (5) . Aid groups have been (6) the G8 nations to (7) past promises of food and development assistance.

News Report 2

A. Listen to the news report and answer the questions briefly.

1. What is the new disease that farmers in Afghanistan worry about?

2. How does the disease kill wheat plant?

3. What damage did the disease cause in Kenya?

4. What does the expert urge Afghan farmers to do if they suspect stem rust in their fields?

5. What is the goal of the organizations of village farmers?

B. Listen to the news report again and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) Farmers in Afghanistan have been struggling with the effects of drought and years of conflict.

2. ( ) Fungus is a form of stem rust named after its discovery in Uganda ten years ago.

3. ( ) The worlds last major outbreak of stem rust took place in the 1915.

4. ( ) Mahmoud Solh says Ug99 would show its destructive power immediately.

5. ( ) Organizations of village farmers are working to expand the supplies of the improved seeds

News Report 3

A. Listen to the news report and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) Shoring up supplies of food is one of the steps being implemented by the Indian government to lower prices.

2. ( ) Agriculture Minister of India, Sharad Pawar says the government will sell large quantities of food grains being held in its stocks over the next two months.

3. ( ) Prices of sugar and potatoes have tripled in recent months, and that of rice is up by nearly 30 percent.

4. ( ) The high prices are hurting all the Indian people.

5. ( ) The government is hoping prices will begin to fall in the coming weeks, particularly if farmers reap a good winter harvest

B. Listen to the news report again and fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

Indian government has taken some measure to lower the food prices. (1)

supplies of food is among the many steps (2) by the Indian government. The federal government has also allowed (3) imports of sugar, and is asking state governments to (4) . It will also (5) the quantities of food grains to be sold at (6) to low income people. The reason for doing these is that the high prices are hurting (7) and poor people who spend (8) of their income on food.

News Report 4

A. Listen to the news report and answer the questions briefly.

1. Why are confectioners busy preparing the traditional sweets in Diwali season?

2. What did Girish Agarwal do in order to boost sales?

3. Why did people buy less sweets this festival?

4. What are the reasons for less production of crops?

5. What has the government assured people?

B. Listen to the news report again and fill in the blanks with missing words or phrases.

1. Confectioners in the capital New Delhi are busy preparing the traditional sweets, which Indians ____________ to friends and relatives for the countrys main Hindu festival, Diwali.

2. But Girish Agarwal, the owner of a ______________ selling sweets in Central Delhi, says he is not seeing ___________________.

3. The lack of customers is not ____________. Food prices have been jumping in the last two months, ____________________________.

4. The price of sugar, demand for which jumps during the festival season, is up by over 40 percent -- both due to___________________ in sugar production and ___________________________.

5. The high food prices are particularly _______________ for millions of poor Indians who earn less than two dollars a day.

Section B Interviews

Interview 1

Interview with Professor Glenn Denning about Food Security

A. Listen to the interview and select the best answer to each question.

1. Which of the following is NOT true concerning food security? ( )

A. Food security is the ability of people in household.

B. Food security at the national level to provide the food needs to live a healthy and productive life.

C. Food security also deals with food and nutritional security.

D. Food security only refers to amount of food.

2. What aspects will be affected by the inadequate food, inadequate nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies? ( )

A. The quality of peoples life.

B. The ability to grow and develop intellectually and socially.

C. The capabilities of the next generation.

D. All the above.

3. What should be done first to address food problem? ( )

A. To arouse the attention of all leaders over the world.

B. To increase food production.

C. To make better use of food.

D. To make more food available in the marketplace.

4. What can be implied from the interview? ( )

A. Australia has been putting more resources in agriculture.

B. Poor countries were not themselves putting sufficient resources into agriculture and food security issues.

C. More recently, food prices has been very high.

D. Experts have already realized that theres a large portion of society in poor countries.

5. What did people do to increase food production according to the interview? ( )

A. They changed the main staple crops.

B. They changed the technology of growing the main staple crops.

C. They fertilized the land.

D. They did more research.

B. Listen to the interview again and answer the questions briefly.

1. What is encompassed in the Millennium Development Goals?

2. How many people are living with inadequate nutrition and various kinds of micronutrient deficiencies?

3. What effect would have on the next generation if we fail to address hunger and under-nutrition according to Professor Glenn Denning?

4. According to the report by the World Bank, what did people neglect?

5. What can be done to ensure that people have access to food according to the interview?

C. Listen to the interview for the third time and fill in the blanks with the missing information to complete the paragraphs.

The way to address that at all levels (1)______________________, at the country level, at the village level is to think of food security as being about (2)_________________________, which is (3) ________________ the production of food and enough to go around.

Secondly, (4)__________________, which is ensuring that people have the incomes to be able to purchase food in the marketplace or, (5) ________________, if we have to subsidize to provide vouchers or food stamps, whatever is needed to ensure that people have access to food.

And the third is (6) _______________________. And what thats all about is that even if you have food, you have to be able to (7)____________, and that means you should be drinking clean water, you shouldnt (8)__________________ malaria, and you should understand aspects of nutrition.

Interview 2

Interview with Professor Glenn Denning about Food Security (continued)

A. Listen to the interview and answer the questions briefly.

1. Why didnt most officials in governments have faith in the aid from the First World countries?

2. How do we react when we see examples of corruption, bad management and bad governance according to Professor Glenn Denning?

3. Where are the Australian priorities in aid program?

4. What are the similarities and common challenges facing both Africa and Australia according to the interview?

5. Whats Professor Glenn Dennings attitude towards MDGs?

B. Listen to the interview again and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) Asia, Africa and South America would be the places that really need help to fulfill the Millennium Development Goals.

2. ( ) The G8 kept their commitment made in 2004, at Gleneagles.

3. ( ) Professor Glenn Denning believed that a lot of developing nations have lost their faith in the international system.

4. ( ) Professor Glenn Denning indicated that the Australian government had been honest about what it has promised.)

5. ( ) Professor Glenn Denning hopes that Africa would really be on the agenda for Australian aid in the future.

C. Listen to interview for the third time and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. They came out with a statement supporting agriculture and __________________ and committed $20 billion over three years.

2. You ______________ this to your friends working in governments in different parts of the world and they ________________ it.

3. And here in Australia I think theres both _________ and also ___________ ahead.

4. What is your next _____________ once you, well, leave Australia, I suppose?

5. Wed probably have to ______________ our efforts to ensure that--next year is 2010 and thats kind of a ________________________ towards the MDGs in 2015.

Section C Passages

Passage 1

Increasing Food Security in Dry Areas of the Middle East

A. Listen to the passage and select the best answer to each question.

1. Which of the following statements is true about the Water and Livelihoods Initiative? ( )

A. The Water and Livelihoods Initiative is expected to increase household income for all the people in the areas.

B. The Water and Livelihoods Initiative provided one million dollars for dry areas.

C. The Water and Livelihoods Initiative seeks to increase food security in dry areas.

D. Countries taking part in the Water and Livelihoods Initiative were all selected at random.

2. Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned as a member of the project? ( )

A. Egypt.

B. Iran.

C. Yemen.

D. Lebanon.

3. What is Scott Christiansons identity according to the passage? ( )

A. An agricultural development advisor with U.S.A.I.D.

B. An agricultural expert.

C. A government official.

D. A leader of The International Center for Agricultural Research.

4. Where are the experts from who would join the team? ( )

A. Local research institutions.

B. Universities.

C. Government agencies.

D. All of the above.

5. What will be put at risk in dry areas if water shortages in agriculture are not dealt with? ( )

A. Government stability.

B. Food security.

C. Social development.

D. Cultural development.

B. Listen to the passage again and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) Researchers say the water availability in some of the dry areas has dropped well below the internationally recognized standard.

2. ( ) The Water and Livelihoods Initiative plans to spend twenty years to help the dry areas increase the food security.

3. ( ) According to Scott Christianson, the countries taking part in the project have different socio-economic and cultural heritage.

4. ( ) Nearly one-fourth of the worlds people live in the dry areas.

5. ( ) Officials said that more must be done to deal with water shortages in

agriculture.

C. Listen to the passage for the third time and fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.

1. We feel that its going to _____________ our opportunity for trading of knowledge that we will generate in the project.

2. Research by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas and its partners has already _____________________________.

3. New irrigation methods are expected to __________ wheat production while using one-third of the water required for full irrigation.

4. Experts say the new methods also increase crop production ___________________ more than crops that depend on rainfall only.

5. The International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas will provide ___________________________ for the project.

Passage 2

New AU Chief Sets Food Security as Priorities

A. Listen to the passage and answer the questions briefly.

1. In what situation did the Malawian leader say that it is time for Africa to put a stop to the recent trend toward unconstitutional power grabs?

2. Why did Mr. Mutharika express his satisfaction with Mauritania and guinea Bissau?

3. What did Mr. Mutharika insist on according to the passage?

4. As the chairman of the African Union, what is Mutharikas objective within five years?

5. What did Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi question in his farewell speech?


1. ( ) Mr. Mutharika said his year in office would focus on hunger and food security.

2. ( ) Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi said that if he had known in advance how

little power the chairman has, he would have refused the job.

3. ( ) Mr. Mutharika is the 4th head of state who came into power in a military coup

to hold the AU chairmanship in the past five years.

4. ( ) Speaking to reporters after the summit, Mr. Mutharika said he would oppose

any move to limit the chairmanship to only constitutionally-elected heads of states.

5. ( ) By tradition, the twice yearly summits are held the first ten days of February

and July.

Part Two Speaking Activity

Section A Useful Expressions and Patterns

1. food safety

2. random check

3. food package

4. food surveillance n. close observation of food

5. food safety standard

6. food storage

7. food-poisoning

8. the economic crisis

9. push even more people into poverty

10. a massive fall in sugar production

11. rising prices worldwide

12. to have adequate nutrition

13. to have various kinds of micronutrient deficiencies

14. to address hunger and under-nutrition

15. to have to step up our efforts to do sth.

Section B Listening-Based Discussion or Debate

1. According to what you have heard in Interview 1, what do you know about food security? And what should people do to solve the problems of food insecurity?

2. According to what you have heard in Interview 2, what should the First World countries do to help fight world hunger?

3. According to Passage 1 of part 1, how can people increase food security in dry areas of the Middle East?

Section C Topic-Based Discussion or Debate

1. Food security is a central issue facing people nearly all over the world. What is your opinion about it?

2. As students, what should we do to increase food security in our daily life?

3. Look at the two pictures below and discuss with your partner about them? Please state your view.

Part Three After-Class Listening

Passage 1

Two Efforts Seek to Increase Food Security in Africa

A. Listen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) In the project, the United Nations agency works with small farmers to grow more and better produce.

2. ( ) Then the World Food Program distributes the products all over the country or area.

3. ( ) The farmers have to pay high prices to buy food for themselves during the lean season, when supplies are limited.

4. ( ) The Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Fund for Agricultural Development help the farmers choose the best seeds and fertilizers.

5. ( ) According to Namanga Ngongi, many African governments are still decreasing investment on agriculture today.

Passage 2

More Americans Than Ever Experiencing Food Insecurity


1. Why did Tom Vilsack describe the USDA report as a wake-up call? ( )

A. Because the report estimates that 49 million Americans had trouble getting enough to eat in 2008.

B. Because the report suggests that it is time for America to get very serious about food security and hunger, about nutrition, and about food safety.

C. Because the report reveals about one in 10 households were food-insecure.

D. Because the report involves questions about their access to adequate food.

2. Of those who had difficulty affording enough food, what did they do to tackle the problem? ( )

A. They cut back on meals.

B. They turn to federal programs.

C. They turn to local food banks.


3. According to the survey, who is NOT likely to have trouble getting enough food? ( )

A. African Americans.

B. Latinos.

C. Single-parent families.

D. Americans.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( )

A. The increased demand for food is putting strain on food banks across the country.

B. David Beckmann said that while the recession is driving the increase in hunger in the United States, the problem is growing worldwide.

C. Paula Thornton noted that unemployment has now topped 10 percent, the highest level in 40 years.

D. David Beckmann said that the worlds progress against hunger and poverty suffer a huge setback due to high food prices in developing countries, and the global recession.

5. According to experts, how can food insecurity in the United States be solved? ( )

A. By declining the unemployment.

B. By promoting peoples awareness of food security.

C. By increasing food production.

D. By seeking help from the food banks.

Unit Two

Nobel Prize



News Report 1


1. ( ) Shirin Ebadi has become the first Muslim activist to receive the Nobel Peace

Prize.

2. ( ) A Nobel Prize award is worth more than one million dollars.

3. ( ) Ms Ebadi, 65, was awarded with the prize for her efforts to fight for the rights

of women and children in Iran.

4. ( ) The Norwegian Nobel Committee is composed of five members.

5. ( ) Another ceremony was held in Stockholm, Norway, awarding ten other

winners.

B. Listen to the news report again and fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.

1. _______________________ Shirin Ebadi accepted the Nobel Peace Prize for 2003 ________________________ in Oslo, Norway.

2. The chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presented her _______________

____________________________.

3. As a lawyer, Ms Ebadi has ___________________ of judges and political officials.

4. She has received ___________________ as a result of her activities.

5. _______________________________ Jimmy Carter won the Peace Prize last year.

6. In ____________________ in Stockholm, _________, ten other Nobel winners this year received awards in literature, ____________, physics, ___________________.

News Report 2

A. Listen to the news report and fill the blanks with missing words or phrases.

1. The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2009 is _____________________________________________________________________________________________.

________________________________________________________________.

2. To be honest, I do not feel that ________________________

____________________________________ who have been honored by this prize men and women __________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________. But I also know that this prize reflects the kind of world that ____________________________________

________________________________________________________________.

B. Listen to the news report again and select the best answer to each question or to complete each statement.

1. In Washington, when did President Obama speak about winning the Nobel Prize? ( )

A. The same day as the announcement from Oslo.

B. The day after the announcement from Oslo.

C. Last Friday.

D. The next Friday.

2. What was the reaction in the U.S. and around the world to the Nobel award for President Obama? ( )

A. People didnt show much interest.

B. Some praised, while others criticized the decision.

C. Some even suggested that the Nobel Committee acted too personally.

D. Some people demonstrated against the decision in Norway.

3. Besides President Obama, who else won the Nobel Peace Prize in American history? ( )

A. Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

B. President Woodrow Wilson and vice president Al Gore.

C. Presidents Jimmy Carter and Herbert Hoover.

D. Presidents Andrew Johnson and Jimmy Carter.

4. The week the announcement came, it was _____________.

A. the ninth anniversary of the war in Pakistan.

B. the ninth anniversary of the war in Palestine.

C. the eighth anniversary of the war in Azerbaijan.

D. the eighth anniversary of the war in Afghanistan.

News Report 3

A. Listen to the news report and fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

To the Nobel Peace Prize award to President Obama, there are varieties of reactions. (1) were quick to praise the Nobel award. (2) Nancy Pelosi congratulated the president; (3)

___________________________ Steny Hoyer thought highly of President Obamas commitment to a renewal of diplomacy and engagement, while (4)

________________________________ Patrick Leahy called the announcement of the award (5) .

There was a notable absence of reaction from congressional Republican leaders. (6) Mitch McConnell and (7)

John Boehner, and many other Republicans did not (8) to the Nobel award. Republican sharpest critics echoed with (9)

_______________________ Michael Steele by questioning the Nobel Committee.

Meanwhile, students at (10) in Washington D.C. offered up their own reactions.


1. In congratulating the president, Nancy Pelosi said the Nobel award is a testament to

____________.

A. President Obamas leadership

B. President Obamas political vision

C. American values

D. All of the above

2. Why did Patrick Leahy call the announcement of the award stunning? ( )

A. Because it is too early in his presidency for Mr. Obama to receive the award.

B. Because President Obama is trying to intensify the armed forces.

C. Because President Obama is reintroducing America to the rest of the world.

D. Because the Nobel Committee have mistakenly judged the situation.

3. How did Michael Steele react to the Nobel award for President Obama? ( )

A. He did not post any responses to the Nobel award.

B. He questioned the judgment of the Nobel Committee.

C. He repeated criticism of the presidents economic policies.

D. He showed that was not his concern at all.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Rahim? ( )

A. He is a university student in Washington D.C.

B. He is majoring in political science.

C. His family came to the U.S. from Pakistan.

D. He raised some questions about motivations for the Nobel Committee.

News Report 4

A. Listen to the news report and answer the following questions by supplying the missing information.

1. Why did many people feel the announcement of the Nobel Peace Prize came as a surprise?

Some Nobel observers believe __________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________.

2. Why was President Obama awarded the prize?

According to Thorbjorn Jagland, the chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, President Obama was awarded for _______________________________________

__________________________________________________________________.

3. Fill in the chart with the information you have heard from the report.

Winner

Date

President Barack Obama

2009

___________________________

2007

former President Jimmy Carter

_______

B. Listen to the news report again and decide whether the statements are true or

false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) Reporters gathered in Stockholm for the announcement of this years Nobel

Prize winners.

2. ( ) More than 220 individuals and international bodies were nominated this year.

3. ( ) The Nobel committee awarded Mr. Obama to encourage dialogue in the world.

4. ( ) Since taking office, the African-American president has strongly called for a

nuclear-free world.

5. ( ) For 10 months since he took office, President Obama has worked on renewing

the peace process in the Middle East.


Interview 1

Telephone Interview with Professor Muhammad Yunus

A. Listen to the interview and fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

Adam Smith, from the website of (1) in (2) , is making (3) with Professor Muhammad Yunus immediately following the announcement of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. In the one-minute interview with the new Nobel Laureate, he raised (4) . He asked whether there was any particular message the Nobel winner would like to (5) , and that whether his work with the Grameen Bank (6) makes him more hopeful that we can create a (7) world. For the first question, he said the one message they have been trying to promote is that (8) ; for the second one, he confirmed that we can see (9)

and that people (10) every day.

B. Listen to the interview again and answer the questions briefly.

1. Who is the first person to answer the phone call?

2. Why did Adam Smith like to hold on instead of calling in just a few minutes as suggested?

C. Listen to the interview for the third time and select the best answer to each question.

1. What does Professor Muhammad Yunus think of poverty in the world? ( )

A. People are poor all the time.

B. Poverty is not a artificial creation.

C. Poverty does not belong to human civilization.

D. We cannot make all people out of poverty.

2. How can we get rid of poverty in the world, in Pro. Yunus opinion? ( )

A. By making people come out of poverty.

B. By creating the real state of affairs.

C. By redesigning our institutions and policies.

D. By promoting the message that people can change poverty.

3. What does Pro. Yunus think of his work with the Grameen Bank? ( )

A. He didnt feel more satisfied with it.

B. He thinks it can be done globally and more forcefully.

C. He thinks they can organize less things to go with it.

D. He often thinks of it as theoretical issues.

4. What did Pro. Yunus and his team do to help poor people? ( )

A. They did something special to change the poor peoples lives.

B. They created opportunities for the poor to change their lives.

C. They brought rich people in front of poor ones.

D. They lent money to the poor people.

5. Did Pro. Yunus and his teams help take effect? ( )

A. Yes. B. No. C. Seldom. D. Occasionally.

Interview 2

Telephone Interview with Martti Ahtisaari

A. Listen to the interview and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) Martti Ahtisaari was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

2. ( ) Martti Ahtisaari has experienced many conflict situations around the world.

3. ( ) Martti Ahtisaari thinks that nowadays every conflict around the world cannot

be solved.

4. ( ) Martti Ahtisaari has ever had his most fascinating experiences in Kosovo.

5. ( ) To successfully settle the conflict, its necessary to get all crucially important

parties involved to the table.

6. ( ) Not in Kosovo, but in Namibia and Aceh, Martti Ahtisaari, as a successful

negotiator, has picked his own colleagues.

7. ( ) Martti Ahtisaari has begun the Crisis Management Initiative.

8. ( ) Martti Ahtisaari has spent too much time asking the donors for monetary

support.

9. ( ) In theory, Martti Ahtisaari can get in touch with anybody in the world.

10. ( ) In Marttis opinion, core funding plays a very important role in resolving

crises.

B. Listen to the interview again and select the best answer to each question or to complete each statement.

1. Which of the following questions is NOT raised for the new Laureate in the interview? ( )

A. Does your experience around the world give you the hope that the conflicts are essentially solvable?

B. Do previous crises suggest that there are general principles that can be applied to conflict resolution?

C. Is it crucially important to get all parties involved to the table to settle the conflicts?

D. Do you see a more important role for independent organizations like CMI?

2. According to Martti Ahtisaari, what are the general principles applicable to settling the conflicts? ( )

A. The parties must be interested in settling the conflict.

B. All those countries imposing an influence on the possible solution have to be able to cooperate.

C. A contact group should be formed including the five western countries.

D. Both A and B.

3. In the case of Kosovo, the contact group included ____________.

A. the U.S., France, the U.K., Russian Federation and Germany

B. Russian Federation, Germany, the U.S., the U.K. and Italy

C. Italy, France, Russian Federation, the U.S. and the U.K.

D. the U.S., the U.K., Germany, Italy and Russian Federation

4. What did Martti Ahtisaari work as in the government organs? ( )

A. Secretary of State.

B. Under-Secretary in the UN system.

C. Under-Secretary of State.

D. Secretary-General of the UN before Kofi Annan.

5. What is the one thing Martti Ahtisaari has emphasized in CMI? ( )

A. His own background.

B. The competent young professionals.

C. Rapid reaction.

D. Core funding.

C. Listen to the interview for the third time and answer the questions briefly.

1. Working as a negotiator, why has Martti Ahtisaari always picked his own people?

2. To develop a project in a crisis situation, what should be done before entry?

Section C Passages

Passage 1

Edmund Phelps Wins Nobel Prize for Economics


1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Edmund Phelps? ( )

A. He is a professor of economics at Columbia University in New York City.

B. He has correctly found out the relationship between employment and inflation.

C. He found that inflation temporarily decreased unemployment.

D. His Nobel award is worth about one million four hundred thousand dollars.

2. Since the 1930s, how did policymakers in many nations deal with unemployment? ( )

A. They often let inflation decrease to create jobs.

B. They required higher inflation to reduce unemployment.

C. They often made credits easier to get.

D. They forced people to buy more goods.

3. What is characteristic of the 1970s in America? ( )

A. It was known for stagflation

B. Having low employment and high inflation at the same time.

C. Having high employment and high inflation at the same time.

D. Having high unemployment and low inflation at the same time.

4. What has Mr. Phelps found out about national savings? ( )

A. He found out that a very high savings rate is best.

B. He found out that national savings rates should be kept high.

C. He found out that saving too much limited demand in the present, which could slow growth.

D. He found out that the best savings rate should kept low.

5. When did Mr. Phelps do much of his research in macroeconomics? ( )

A. Since the 1930s.

B. Since the late 1960s.

C. During the late 1960s and early 70s.

D. Since the early 1970s.

B. Listen to the passage again and answer the questions briefly.

1. Who has awarded Edmund Phelps this years Nobel Prize for Economics? And for what has he been honored?

2. What has Edmund Phelps found about inflation?

3. How does Edmund Phelps work influence central banks?

Passage 2

German Writer Wins 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature


1. ( ) Peter Englund is the permanent secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

2. ( ) The Nobel Prize in literature for 2009 is awarded to the German-Romanian author Herta Mueller.

3. ( ) Eventually in 1986, she emigrated to Germany with her family.

4. ( ) Her work was censored by Romanian government and was smuggled into

Germany where it received rave reviews.

5. ( ) Peter Englund thinks highly of Mueller as a writer of true phenomenon.

6. ( ) It is said that this German author felt too pleased to win the prize.

7. ( ) The year of 2009 is the 20th anniversary of communisms collapse in Europe.

8. ( ) Mueller is the third European to win the Nobel Prize in literature.

9. ( ) Mueller is also the 12th woman to capture the top literature award around.

10. ( ) Mueller will collect a prize worth $1.5 million from the Nobel committee.


1. Why did the Nobel committee award Herta Mueller the prize in literature?

2. What is the setting for her writing of the harshness of life? And what does her writing speak of?

3. According to Peter Englunds comments, what does Mueller have to tell in the story?



1. win/receive an award for sth. /

2. award (sb.) sth. /award sth. to sb.

3. nominate sb. for/as sth.

4. to win the nomination as an candidate for sth.

5. Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, literature

6. Nobel Prize in Economics Science, in Physiology or Medicine

7. Nobel Peace Prize

8. awarded once a year

9. outstanding contribution

10. Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech

11. Award Ceremony Speech

12. Nobel Prize medal

13. the first woman to win the Nobel Economics Prize since

14. That is the study of large forces that affect


1. In Interview 1, Professor Yunus argues that poverty in the world is an artificial creation. Do you agree? List out your reasons.

2. According to Interview 2, do you agree with Martti Ahtisaari that that every conflict can be solved? Why or why not?

3. Mr. Phelps correctly identified the relationship between unemployment and inflation. What is the relationship?

4. In Passage 2 of Section Three, Peter Englund said: All Nobel Prize laureates are of course special. I think it is a combination of a very, very distinct special language on one hand and then on the other, she has really a story to tell. Do you agree on that and what do you believe the story is?


1. Poverty is a serious problem in the society. What are the major harms of poverty for a family or country? How can a family or country fight poverty?

2. In the daily life, you may find it hard to avoid coming into conflict with others. Then how would you confront it and what possible measures would you take to settle it?

3. Suppose you were a policymaker, what measures would you take to help make a most possibly effective policy?

4. In what condition do you think a winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature can be brought up?


Passage 1

Three Scientists Win Nobel Prize in Medicine


1. For what have the three scientists been awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine? ( )

A. For their work in the 1990s about the health of cells.

B. For their work in the 1990s about the aging process.

C. For their work in the 1980s about the health of cells and the aging process.

D. For their work in the 1980s about the process of health and the aging cells.

2. Which of the following persons is one of the three winners of this prize? ( )

A. Elizabeth Blackburn from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland.

B. Jack Szostak from the University of California, San Francisco.

C. Carol Greider from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland.

D. Jack Szostak from Johns Hopkins University in Maryland.

3. Which of the following is NOT the function of telomeres? ( )

A. They relate the plastic tips to the ends of shoelaces.

B. They hold the chromosome and the genes together.

C. They are necessary for a cell to divide.

D. They are involved in directing the number of divisions.

4. Where did Ms Blackburn and Ms Greider discover telomerase? ( )

A. In the telomeres that protects the chromosomes from ruin.

B. In the body that builds telomeres.

C. In the chromosomes.

D. In the cell nucleus.

5. What is the significance of the telomere research? ( )

A. It has expanded scientific knowledge about diseases.

B. It has led to possible new treatments.

C. It can help fight cancer.

D. Both A and B.

Passage 2

Two Americans Capture Top Nobel Economics Prize


1. ( ) The Nobel Economics Prize this year has been awarded to Elinor Ostrom and

Oliver Williamson for their analysis of how authority is exercised in economic

systems and in companies.

2. ( ) Elinor Ostroms research has provided new insights on how transaction costs

determine the boundaries of the firm.

3. ( ) Both laureates have profoundly deepened our understanding of how we can

keep a country under good control.

4. ( ) Ostroms research has focuses on how common property can be successfully

managed by those groups using it.

5. ( ) The Nobel Economics Prize was first awarded in 1978.

6. ( ) Many people have struggled with great efforts to be chosen for this prize but

failed.

7. ( ) Ostrom felt greatly surprised to have been informed of winning the Nobel Economics Prize.

8. ( ) Ostrom said her research might say about how we deal with the growing problem of global warming.

9. ( ) Ostrom said we could be taking steps at different levels to solve the problem of

global warming.

10. ( ) Besides the $1.4-million prize, Ostrom and Williamson will also receive a

gold medal and a diploma from the Swedish king.

Unit Three

Presidential Election



News Report 1


1. ( ) A new public opinion study shows that the majority of young people support

Republicans over Democrats.

2. ( ) The opinion study was a joint effort by the New York Times, CBS News, and

MTV, the music television network.

3. ( ) The study was based on telephone calls to six hundred fifty-nine young people earlier this month between the ages of sixteen and twenty-nine.

4. ( ) The study also found that many more young Americans share with the general

public a positive opinion of President Bush.

5. ( ) More than seventy-five percent of young Americans believe that the votes of

their generation would make a difference in the next presidential election.


1. What do young Americans think about __________________________________?

2. The young people also have _____________________on several social issues.

3. The results of the study ___________________ by the New York Times newspaper.

4. Fifty-four percent of the young Americans questioned said _________________in two thousand eight.

5. The study also found that many more young Americans are _______________than the last one in two thousand four.

6. Only twenty-eight percent of this group ______________ the job he is doing as president.

7. Almost half of the young Americans questioned feel ________________________.

News Report 2


1. ( ) Mr. Karzai has just under 203,000 votes while former foreign minister Abdullah Abdullah has nearly 213,000 votes.

2. ( ) IEC spokesman says these initial results give a candidate a basis to declare

victory.

3. ( ) Abdullah claimed that there were millions of fake ballots cast last Thursday.

4. ( ) Afghan voters will not receive word until September 3, at the latest, as to who

won the presidential election.


1. The tallies _________ cover only 10 percent of the total and are ________ of 21 provinces, including the capital, Kabul.

2. ________ say they will release _____________ each day this week.

3. Abdullah urged his followers to ____________________________.

4. Six longshot presidential candidates are ________________________________and could trigger violence in this country already torn by a Taliban insurgency.

5. The credibility of the announcement will depend greatly on the reported level of voter turnout in key parts of the country and ______________________________.

News Report 3


1. ( ) The Supreme Court has refused to hear objections from Mr. Yushchenko and

his supporters on Monday.

2. ( ) Mr. Yushchenko says there was widespread cheating in the election.

3. ( ) Russian President Vladimir Putin has praised the election as open and honest.

4. ( ) The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the European Union, the United States and Russia have criticized the vote.

5. ( ) Some historians and political scientists say the two men represent a divide between Russia and Japan.

B. Listen to the news report again and fill the blanks with the missing words or phrases.

1. Officials say Mr. Yanukovych won _________ percent of the vote. They say Mr. Yushchenko received __________ percent.

2. But Russian observers are _____________________.

3. At the same time, many mineworkers who support him _____________________.

4. The Ukrainian Prime Minister wants to strengthen ___________ and ___________ ties with Russia.

5. Mr. Yushchenko says _________________________________________________. He also wants to ____________________________________________________.

News Report 4

A. Listen to the news report and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. Lakshman Hulugalle is __________________at the militarys Media Center for National Security.

2. But the two allies soon ____________ the former Army boss contesting the ___________ election, which the incumbent president won by an 18 percent margin.

3. The loser alleged vote rigging and a plot to kill him after ____________________.

4. But Sri Lankan government spokesman Keheliya Rambukwella says ___________

___________________________.

5. Earlier this month, ________________________________________________, by the defense ministry, to be a direct threat to national security.

B. Listen to the news report again and select the best answer to each question.

1. When was Fonsekas tenure ended? ( )

A. This November.

B. Last November.

C. Last October.

D. This October.

2. Who were touted as war heroes for last years crushing defeat of the rebel Tamil Tigers? ( )

A. Fonseka.

B. Mahinda Rajapaksa.

C. Both Fonseka and Mahinda Rajapaksa.

D. Lakshman Hulugalle.

3. Whats the international observers reaction after the election? ( )

A. They accused the government.

B. They fired a number of senior military officers.

C. They did not support the oppositions contention of the vote counting.

D. They opposed the new president of the government.

4. Who were fired by the president earlier this month? ( )

A. A number of senior military officers.

B. Two senior military officers.

C. Some ministers of the government.

D. The vice president.


Interview 1

Meeting Afghan Ambassador to China on Election Day

A. Listen to the interview and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) All Afghans abroad can vote on Election Day due to the improvement of the

technology.

2. ( ) The Afghan Ambassador thinks that this election is better than the previous

one.

3. ( ) The most urgent issue is the security and also the livelihood of the people in

Afghanistan.

4. ( ) The Afghanistans have fought many times for their freedom.

5. ( ) Afghans hope the international forces and foreign forces stay in Afghanistan

for ever.

B. Listen to the interview again and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. By __________ being a special day, I mean, the Afghanistan government is actually ______________ - presidential election - today.

2. __________________, there are some 30 candidates (running) for this position.

3. So relating to the situation now in Afghanistan, __________________________?

4. So Id like to _____________ the issue of the US. So, ___________, what do the Afghan people feel about the US troops in Afghanistan?


1. What have surprised and concerned the Afghan Ambassador on the road leading up to the election on Election Day?

2. What does the Afghan Ambassador expect the new president to do to make Afghanistan a better place?

3. What have the international communities done to help Afghanistan?

4. What kinds of fields should the Afghanistan prioritize?

Interview 2

Laura Bush on Michelle Obama


1. In Lauras opinion, which of the following is NOT the way to struggle with illiteracy? ( )

A. UNESCO is trying to focus on the 34 most illiterate countries.

B. The assessment program.

C. LEAP program.

D. To make governments have literacy a priority.

2. Whats Lauras reaction to Afghanistan now? ( )

A. She cares nothing about the country.

B. She is very concerned of the country.

C. She will fly to the country to help the Afghan people.

D. She will donate a lot of money to the Afghan people.

3. Which of the following is NOT true about the present situation in Afghanistan? ( )

A. Its election is marred.

B. There are more civilian deaths.

C. The troops in Afghanistan are very safe.

D. The Taliban seems to be getting stronger.

4. Whats Laura and Bushs private life like? ( )

A. Its great and nice.

B. Its very tiresome.

C. Its very common.

D. Its exciting.

5. What does Laura think about President Obamas job? ( )

A. He isnt doing a good job.

B. Hes very disciplined about writing his memoirs.

C. He is doing a good job.

D. He stands for divisiveness and destructiveness.

B. Listen to the interview again and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. And the other program out of UNESCO is called LEAP, and its ______________.

2. Right now Afghanistan, you know, is ___________________________________, there are more civilian deaths and the Taliban seems to _____________________.

3. Whats it like for you ________________________________________________?

4. Many around the world would say that he ________________________________.


1. Whats Lauras message for the pro-democracy leader of Burma?

2. Whats the taste of Laura and Bushs memoirs?

3. According to the interview, what does Laura think of President Bushs job? Is President Bush glad to be out of the spotlight?

4. How does Laura think the world will remember President Bush?

Section C Passages

Passage 1

Khamenei Says Protests Over Iran Vote Must End


1. ( ) Ayatollah Khamenei said the Islamic Republic would not cheat or betray the

vote of the people.

2. ( ) Ayatollah Khamenei said President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad won by seven

million votes.

3. ( ) Some Iranians say President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad is being unrealistic.

4. ( ) On Sunday the House of Representatives passed a resolution expressing

support for all Iranians who value freedom, human rights and the rule of law.

B. Listen to the passage again and select the best answer to each question or to complete each statement.

1. What is the news headline? ( )

A. Protests Over Iran Vote Must End.

B. Khamenei spoke at Tehran University to a huge crowd for Friday prayers.

C. Khamenei was accused of killing an official.

D. Khamenei went abroad to take refuge.

2. How many protesters were killed Monday during clashes with pro-government militia? ( )

A. At most seven.

B. At least seven.

C. At most seventeen.

D. At least seventy.

3. What has Irans Guardian Council offered after the election? ( )

A . To recount some votes.

B. To investigate complaints of wrongdoing.

C. To declare the election is illegal.

D. Both A and B.

4. On Friday, European Union leaders urged the government to_____________.

A. permit all citizens the right to assemble

B. permit all citizens the right to express themselves peacefully

C. permit all citizens the right to live a wealthy life

D. permit all citizens the right to assemble and express themselves peacefully

5. Whats the American officials reaction after Irans actions to the protesting? ( )

A. American officials deny interfering in Irans election process.

B. President Obama said Sunday that he was deeply troubled by the violence.

C. President Obama says it is up to him to decide who their leaders will be.

D. President Obama says he has not stepped back from his policy of seeking to work with Iran after forty years without diplomatic ties.

C. Listen to the passage for the third time and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei spoke at Tehran University ______________________.

2. The result of the election comes from the ballot box, he said, __________________.

3. The supreme leader warned that _______________________, protest leaders will ______________________ any violence.

4. He denounced what he called ________________ by foreign powers.

5. But the government this week arrested .

6. Young people especially .

Passage 2

Ukraine PM to Challenge Presidential Election Results


1. Who is the pro-Western Prime Minister of Ukraine? ( )

A. Andrej Suran.

B. Mr. Yanukovich.

C. Ms. Tymoshenko.

D. Uzzhorod.

2. Which of the following is NOT the Prime Ministers opinion? ( )

A. Victor Yanukovich seeks closer ties with neighboring Russia.

B. Ukraines election was falsified.

C. There were likely more than one-million fraudulent votes.

D. They need to call for street protests badly.

3. According to the passage, why does Ms. Tymoshenko say she will only defend the voters choice in court? ( )

A. Because Ukraine does not need more public strife but stability and peace.

B. Because Mr. Yanukovich is not the democratically elected president of Ukraine.

C. Because voters have mixed feelings about her attempts to become president.

D. Because voters also complain about rampant corruption among local authorities.

4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the analysts suggestion? ( )

A. The country needs to adopt the 2010 budget.

B. The country needs to adopt the 2010 budget to resume cooperation with the IMF

C. The country needs to get some help from the other countries.

D. The country needs to adopt the 2010 budget to pay for natural gas imports from Russia.

B. Listen to the passage again and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. Ms. Tymoshenko said in a televised appeal to the nation Saturday _____________

______________________.

2. She stressed ______________________________________________________.

3. The prime minister makes clear that _________________________________, Mr. Yanukovich is, in her view, _________________________________ of Ukraine.

4. The 23-year-old student Andrej Suran said that she knew in Mr. Yanukovichs staff are _____________________________________________________________.

C. Listen to the passage for the third time and answer the questions briefly.

1. Why are Mr. Yanukovichs new plans victorious?

2. Why do the voters in Ms. Tymoshenkos political stronghold of Western Ukraine have mixed feelings about her attempts to become president?

3. What are the international organizations reactions to Ukraines present situation?



1. the Election Day

2. Democratic Party

Republican Party

3. the pro-democracy leader

4. the vote counting

5. the new government will serve better

6. Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)

7. Federal Election Commission (FEC)

8. the disputed presidential election

9. using social media like Twitter, Facebook and YouTube Twitter, Facebook, YouTube

10. Super Tuesday

11. pledge to tackle corruption and improve living standards

12. cast ones votes for the campaign

13. congratulate sb. on the extraordinary race he/she has run

14. look forward to working with him/her to renew this nations promise

15. To win the presidential election, a candidate must gain


1. As mentioned in Interview 1, nowadays many people treat the right of vote preciously, but some people remain indifferent. What is your opinion?

2. What do you think of the presidential election in the U.S.A mentioned in Interview 2?

3. According to Passage 1, if you were one of the supporters of Ms. Tymoshenko, what would you think of her actions?

4. Suppose you were a candidate to win the presidential election in 2012 in the US, what measures should you take?


1. Please restate the election systems in the U.S.A.

2. Please compare the Chinese election system with that of the U.S.A.


Discussion

Young American Voters Could Decide This Years Presidential Election

A. Listen to the discussion and select the best answer to each question.

1. In the past, why did many young Americans think it was not important to vote in elections? ( )

A. Because the number of young voters decreased.

B. Because young people had to work hard to make a living, they ignored the right.

C. Because candidates and their political parties ignored young voters.

D. Because young people were more politically active.

2. In Jessica Whites opinion, what are the important issues to the young people? ( )

A. The economy and the war in Iraq.

B. The economy and health care.

C. The war in Iraq and health care.

D. The economy, the war in Iraq and health care.

3. According to a recent study by the Harvard University Institute of Politics, how many young voters support Senator Obama? ( )

A. Thirty-two percent of the young voters.

B. Fifty-five percent of the young voters.

C. Thirty-five percent of the young voters.

D. Fifty- two percent of the young voters.

4. What are the Organizations like Rock the Vote and Declare Yourself for? ( )

A. To make young people interested in the political process.

B. To help young people register to vote.

C. To get votes for one candidate.

D. Both A and B.

5. Which of the following is not the way for the people from the organizations like Rock the Vote and Declare Yourself to reach their goals? ( )

A. To use technology.

B. To use Web sites like Facebook and MySpace.

C. To collect some money for the election.

D. To travel to schools and colleges to meet with young people.

Passage

New Japanese Prime Minister Takes Office Wednesday


1. According to the passage, whats the similarity between Mr. Hatoyama and many previous Japanese prime ministers? ( )

A. They are well educated.

B. They once studied abroad.

C. They come from wealthy families and occupies a seat in the parliament once held by his father.

D. They have many friends.

2. Which of the following is NOT true of Mr. Hatoyamas personal story? ( )

A. He never expected to become prime minister.

B. He studied engineering at the University of Tokyo.

C. He did advanced studies in the United States at Stanford University.

D. Later he became an engineer.

3. How many seats did Mr. Hatoyama win in the lower house of parliament last month? ( )

A. 480.

B. 308.

C. 488.

D. 388

4. What does Morita think of the new administration? ( )

A. Morita describes the new administration as the pinch hitting administration

B. He says Mr. Hatoyama is the real leader of the party

C. He expects the newly appointed secretary-general to influence Mr. Ozawas policies.

D. He says that this administration is precedential.

5. Which of the following is NOT the tough challenge that Mr. Hatoyama has to face? ( )

A. Japan is recovering from its worst economic crisis since World War II.

B. Unemployment remains high.

C. The countrys birth rate is among the lowest in the world, while its population is rapidly aging.

D. His opponents are working hard to get the post.

Unit Four

Nuclear



News Report 1

A. Listen to the news report and select the best answer to each question.

1. How many government agencies does the intelligence community consist of? ( )

A. 16.

B. 60.

C. 6.

D. 66.

2. What does National Intelligence Estimates deal with? ( )

A. Irans nuclear activities.

B. Nuclear weapons.

C. Foreign activities and threats.

D. Irans use of uranium.

3. Why did Iran halt a secret program of developing nuclear weapons in late 2003? ( )

A. Because Iran realized the nuclear danger.

B. Because Iran encountered international pressure.

C. Because Iran just needed nuclear energy for civilian use.

D. Because Iran wanted to disguise its real purpose of developing nuclear weapons.

4. According to the report, how many years might Iran need to have enough nuclear material to build a bomb? ( )

A. Three to eight years, at the earliest.

B. Ten years.

C. More than twenty years.

D. Not mentioned.

5. According to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, what is Iran nuclear program for? ( )

A. Arms race.

B. Economy.

C. Politics.

D. Energy.


1. From time to time, this community puts together reports called National

Intelligence Estimates _____________________________________________.

2. It says ________________________________________________ but halted that

program in late 2003.

3. But Iran continues to enrich uranium________________________, the report says,

and this could be used _____________________________________________.

4. But it says Iran now ________________________________________________.

5. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called __________________________.

News Report 2

A. Listen to the news report and fill in the blanks to complete the summary.

President Obama feels afraid that groups like al-Qaida would surely use a nuclear weapon if they got one. Thats why he invited (1) world leaders to Washington for a discussion on (2) . At the summit, several nations made (3) , among which (4) promised to give up all of its (5) by 2012; the U.S. and Russia agree to use the plutonium as fuel (6) . Besides, discussions about (7)

have intensified among the five permanent (8)

. Reacting against the Washington summit, Iran is (9) in Tehran, saying that (10)

.


1. Why did the world leaders gather in Washington? ( )

A. For a regular annual gathering.

B. For President Obamas Summit on Nuclear Security.

C. To discuss ways to fight against terrorist groups like al-Qaida.

D. To celebrate the work plan on securing nuclear materials.

2. According to this report, which of the following countries did not attend the meeting in Washington? ( )

A. South Korea.

B. Russia.

C. Germany.

D. Iran.

3. At the summit, the United States and Russia agreed _________.

A. that South Korea holds the next summit in two years

B. to give up all of their highly enriched uranium by 2020

C. to dispose of sixty-eight tons of weapons-grade plutonium

D. that the world should use the plutonium as civilian fuel

4. What is true about the new agreement between the U.S. and Russia? ( )

A. It replaces the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty.

B. It is known as START-One.

C. It should be approved by the U.S. Congress and Russias Parliament both to take effect.

D. It should be approved by the U.S. and Russian governments both to take effect.

5. What was Irans reaction to the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington? ( )

A. It intensified its nuclear activities.

B. It held discussions with the five permanent UN Security Council members.

C. It held its own nuclear conference in Tehran that weekend.

D. It said that its nuclear program is for peaceful, civilian purposes only.

News Report 3


1. ( ) It is reported that minor progress has been made to reduce the danger of

nuclear terrorism.

2. ( ) The risk of terrorists acquiring a nuclear weapon remains unacceptably high.

3. ( ) The report says the materials for a nuclear bomb exist in hundreds of buildings

in a few countries.

4. ( ) Pro. Bunn reveals there are at present about 150 research reactors around the

world that still use highly enriched uranium for fuel.

5. ( ) Expanding efforts is proposed to secure nuclear materials in China, India,

Pakistan and South Africa.

B. Listen to the news report again and answer the questions by supplying the missing information.

1. What is highlighted in this new report?

It highlights ______________________________________________________.

2. For what was a Russian colonel arrested at a nuclear installation?

For soliciting bribes ___________________ __________________.

3. How many U.S.-sponsored security upgrades have been completed?

U.S.-sponsored security upgrades have been completed for 75 percent of the buildings and

.

4. According to the study, what are the remaining major issues?

Major issues remain, ranging from ______________________________________ to .

News Report 4


1. ( ) Irans Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei told military commanders on

the ceremony that Tehran would not build nuclear weapons.

2. ( ) According to Soltaniyah, Tehran had started enriching 20 percent grade

uranium for its medical research reactor.

3. ( ) Soltaniyah argued that the reason for the West to distort Irans nuclear progam

was for economic purpose.

4. ( ) A Japanese Yukiya Amano will preside at the meeting to be held next week.

5. ( ) The latest IAEA report says that inspectors have verified that Irans nuclear

stockpile has been diverted.


1. Irans Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei told military commanders that Islam ____________________ nuclear weapons and that Tehran is not working to build them.

2. Ambassador Soltaniyah added that _________________ claiming Tehran was trying to build _______________________ is baseless, because the documents have _______________________________________.

3. Vatanka says that Iran will use the occasion to _____________________________ among board members.

4. The latest IAEA report says that Tehran has not provided the necessary _________________ permit the agency to confirm that all nuclear material in Iran is in ______________________________.


Interview 1

Interview with Senator Sam Nunn

A. Listen to the interview and answer the questions briefly.

1. When was Sam Nunn elected the United States Senator?

2. Who acted as the stereotypical image of arsenal guard according to the interviewer?

3. How much can the stereotypical image earn a month according to the interview?

4. According to Sam Nunn, how should those nuclear weapons which spread across many time zones be dealt with?

5. What was a real danger of using uranium and plutonium?

B. Listen to the interview again and select the best answer to each question.

1. What did Sam Nunn see in the Vietnam War? ( )

A. The demoralization of the military forces.

B. The deterioration of quality of the military forces

C. The tremendous dangers that grew out of a frustrated military.


2. Which of the following is not included in the conclusion made by Nunn in 1991? ( )

A. The Soviet Union was coming apart.

B. There was a mass arsenal of weapons of mass destruction.

C. The people who were relevant to nuclear weapons were unemployed.

D. The strategic nuclear weapons aimed at the United States were the best protected by far.

3. According to Nunn, who guard the strategic nuclear weapons? ( )

A. A 21-year-old conscript.

B. More senior people enlisted.

C. Officer ranks.

D. Both B and C.

4. Why did some people back Ukraine and Kazakhstans owning nuclear weapons? ( )

A. Because they tended to use it as a counter to Russia.

B. Because they approved of the Nunn-Lugar Program.

C. Because they were afraid of nuclear wars.

D. Because they were aware of nuclear dangers.

5. What is Nunns attitude toward Ukraine and Kazakhstans owning nuclear weapons? ( )

A. Positive.

B. Negative.

C. Neutral.

D. Not mentioned.

C. Listen to the interview for the third time and fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.

1. Id like to start by taking you back _______________________________. How rapidly, when you think back to that period, did you, Senator Lugar and others on Capitol Hill realize that ___________________________, particularly about the Soviet arsenal outside Russia, and had to be done quickly?

2. Well, the strategic nuclear weapons aimed at ____________________, in my view, were ________________________, and that would not have been a 21-year-old.

3. But if you go down a step with___________________________, there were thousands of those battlefield nuclear weapons spread ________________ forward deployed.

4. The third category, the one that we still worry about because the job is ______________________________, and that is the materials, the nuclear materials that are not weapons, but _______________________________that could be made into weapons.

5. At one point in time, almost not convincing though, I could not ___________________, that the Russians were ____________________ to physically take back those weapons, ___________________________________, which they did, thank God.

Interview 2

Documentary Advances Nuclear Free Movement


1. What made A World Free of Nuclear Weapons so unusual? ( )

A. Its topic.

B. Its authors.

C. Its value.

D. Its process of producing.

2. How many former powerful officials now changed to seek a world free of nuclear weapons? ( )

A. Four.

B. Forty-four.

C. Forty.

D. Fourteen.

3. Which of the following countries has nuclear bombs according to the interview? ( )

A. India.

B. Iraq.

C. North Korea

D. Russia.

4. Who proposed eliminating all nuclear weapons in Reykjavik? ( )

A. Mikhail Gorbachev

B. Henry Kissinger.

C. Reagan.

D. William Perry.

5. Who acknowledged that the process of reducing nuclear weapons is painstakingly slow? ( )

A. Henry Kissinger.

B. George Schultz.

C. William Perry.

D. Sam Nunn.

B. Listen to the interview again and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write a T (True) in the bracket if it is true or an F (False) if false.

1. ( ) A World Free of Nuclear Weapons first appeared in the form of movie.

2. ( ) The authors of A World Free of Nuclear Weapons were all committed Cold Warriors who helped shape Americas nuclear arsenal.

3. ( ) Two decades after the end of the Cold War, the chance of nuclear war is zero.

4. ( ) If nations like Iran get nuclear bombs, the probability increases that one or

more of those bombs will fall into the hands of a terrorist group.

5. ( ) Now the four authors believe that it is urgent to make a world free of nuclear weapons.


1. What has driven former powerful officials now to seek a world free of nuclear weapons according to Mike Shuster?

2. What should be done to prevent the use of nuclear weapons according to Mr. Kissinger?

3. What did Nunn acknowledge in a recent telephone interview?

4. What phrase did former Secretary of State George Shultz use to describe the current moment?

Section C Passages

Passage 1

Nuclear Pollution and Cancer


1. What caused thousands of deaths in the United States according to the USA Today newspaper? ( )

A. Nuclear leak.

B. Nuclear pollution.

C. Nuclear explosion.

D. Nuclear weapons.

2. What method was used in the study to find out where nuclear pollution may have fallen? ( )

A. Investigations.

B. Calculation.

C. Computer models.

D. Estimation.

3. How long have all American people received some level of radiation? ( )

A. Since 1951.

B. Since 1960.

C. Since 1963.

D. Since 1953.

4. According to the passage, which country did not carry out tests of nuclear weapons at the beginning of 1950s? ( )

A. America.

B. Britain.

C. The former Soviet Union.

D. France.

5. How many Americans may have died of cancer as a result of nuclear pollution according to the estimation? ( )

A. More than 11,000.

B. At least 11,000.

C. At least 1,000.

D. More than 10,000.


1. ( ) The radioactive material was spread by tests of nuclear weapons carried out

during the 1950s and early 1960s.

2. ( ) The Department of Health and Human Services has released the study to the

public.

3. ( ) The study says thousands of other Americans may have developed deadly cancer as a result of nuclear pollution.

4. ( ) Some experts said that radiation caused more deaths than smoking did.

5. ( ) Experts say nuclear pollution is an environmental problem that can last a long

time because of the nature of radiation.

C. Listen to the passage for the third time and fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.

1. The news report is ___________________________ done by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute.

2. The study says that a larger area than expected received _____________________.

3. The study says that these tests also ____________________________ in America.

4. Some medical experts say that it is very difficult to ____________________ for many kinds of cancer.

5. Some radioactive material remains ________. But other material is

________.

Passage 2

Clinton Tells Brazil Sanctions Necessary for Iran Nuclear Deal

A. Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words or phrases.

1. The Brazilian president said he wants the same right for Iran _________________, to the development of peaceful nuclear energy, and that

__________________________________________________________________.

2. Secretary Clinton suggested Iran is trying to weaken ________________________ by sounding conciliatory in contacts with .

She said: The door is _______________________. We never slammed it shut. But we dont see anybody, ________________________, walking toward it. We see an Iran that runs to Brazil, ____________________________, an Iran that runs to China, telling different things to different people, _______________________.

3. A once-reluctant Russia appears ____________________________________, but not Brazil or veto-wielding ____________________ .


1. What was the Brazilian presidents attitude toward the early sanction?

2. When did the Obama administration starting leading a drive for a fourth U.N. sanctions resolution?

3. According to Brazilian Foreign Minister Amorim, what position does his country hold on the new sanctions?


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1. nuclear power plant/station

2. nuclear reactor

3. radioactive elements

4. nuclear activities

5. nuclear debate

6. to develop nuclear weapons

7. to operate a secret program

8. nuclear program for peaceful, civilian purposes

9. to give up all of its highly enriched uranium

10. to reduce the danger of nuclear terrorism

11. to overlook violations of nuclear security rules

12. efforts to secure nuclear materials

13. to pull the country out of recession

14. to link clean energy with economic growth

15. to help protect against terrorist attacks


1. In Interview 1, Sen. Sam Nunn said that There was some who wanted to actually leave nuclear weapons in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus as a counter to Russia. I thought that was a very dangerous view. I thought it was a very it would have been a very unstable world. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?

2. In Interview 2, the four authors who helped shape Americas nuclear arsenal changed their thinking. Why did they change their thinking?

3. According to Passage 1 of Section C, what are the consequences brought about by nuclear pollution?

Section C Picture-Based Discussion or Debate

1. What is your attitude toward the development of nuclear weapons in some nations?

2. The nuclear pollution would be disastrous. What can be done to reduce nuclear pollution?

3. We all have a desire for a peaceful world. What should we do in our daily life to keep a peaceful world?


Passage 1

Obama Looks to Nuclear Energy for Jobs


1. ( ) The economic recovery bill signed by Obama promised jobs.

2. ( ) On Tuesday, the president announced plans for the government to guarantee

eight billion dollars in loans for two new nuclear energy centers.

3. ( ) The Southern Company plans to build the nuclear power centers with the first

starting operations in 2060.

4. ( ) The Federal Reserve predicted that unemployment rate will remain 9.7%.

5. ( ) Critics say the money from American Recovery and Reinvestment Act is being

spent too slowly with less than 60% being spent so far.

Passage 2

Nuclear Waste


1. Which of the following statement is NOT true about Yucca Mountain? ( )

A. A huge nuclear waste burial center is supposed to be built here.

B. Yucca Mountain is owned by the state government.

C. It is an extremely dry area.

D. It is located in the state of Nevada.

2. How much room of the existing power center was left? ( )

A. Sufficient room.

B. No room.

C. Little room.

D. Not mentioned.

3. Who opposed the building of new nuclear waste burial center at Yucca Mountain? ( )

A. The environmental groups.

B. Nevada state officials.

C. The Senate majority leader.

D. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham.

4. Which of the following statements is NOT the opponents reasons oppose to the plan? ( )

A. Yucca Mountain is a dry area.

B. Yucca Mountain is near inactive volcanoes.

C. Rock here could not hold the waste.

D. Accident during the waste transportation could endanger the population.

5. Who would issue the permission for the project of building of new nuclear waste burial center? ( )

A. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

B. The Congress.

C. The Energy Department.

D. The federal government.

Unit Five

Counterterrorism


Section A News Report

News Report 1


1. ( ) The number of deaths in the attacks was almost the same as the year before.

2. ( ) Al-Qaida has rebuilt some of its capabilities after many of its members were caught alive or shot to death.

3. ( ) Iran provides aid to terrorist groups not only in Palestine but also in Lebanon and Afghanistan.

4. ( ) Iran, Iraq and North Korea are said to have supported the war on terrorism.

5. ( ) Officials say South Korea has not supported any terrorist acts since 1987.

B. Listen to the news report again and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. The National (1) Center reported more than fourteen

thousand attacks around the world last year.

2. But (2) , to more than twenty-two thousand last year.

3. The report says al-Qaida and its (3) remain the greatest terrorist threat

to (4) . .

4. Many al-Qaida members have been (5) .

5. The State Department said Iran remained (6) .

6. The American list of countries declared (7) _____ remained at five: (8) and Cuba.

7. But the report says Sudan continued to (9) in the war on terrorism. And North Korea might soon (10) .

News Report 2

A. Listen to the news report and complete each sentence with the missing words or phrases.

1. Salim Ahmed Hamdan is a Yemeni (1) ___________________ at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

2. He is charged as (2)________________________ for Osama bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaida.

3. The court (3) that the Bush administration could not set policy for them without (4) .

4. The Supreme Court voted (5) .

5. Justice John Paul Stevens wrote (6) .

6. In dissent, Justice Clarence Thomas argued that (7) to hold military trials would (8) .

7. The decision also means the president alone cannot declare that (9)

lack protection under (10) .


1. In Washington, what is at issue for the discussion in Congress? ( )

A. The Supreme Court decisions.

B. The power of the president.

C. The time of war.

D. The case of Rumsfeld.

2. From the news report, what can we learn about Hamdan? ( )

A. He is the Defense Secretary of the U.S.

B. He was ever at the American naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

C. He ever worked as a driver for Osama bin Laden.

D. He was one of the leaders of al-Qaida in Afghanistan.

3. After the discussion, the Supreme Court announced that ___________.

A. a case called Hamdan versus Rumsfeld should be decided on June 29

B. the case involved the rights of captured terrorism suspects

C. the Bush administration could not set policy for captured terrorism suspects without Congress agreement

D. the Bush administration could only set policy for captured terrorism suspects

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