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KAI XIONIOY
0, 1.3 1.4
www.tol.com.gr
2016
. 5.xx
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60, 71201 - .: 2810 332684
www.tol.com.gr [email protected]
Copyright 2008-2016
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1.
1.
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1
2.
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3
3.
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4
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4
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4
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5
..........................................................................................
5
3.4.1
...............................................................................................
5
3.4.2
............................................................................
5
3.4.3
........................................................................................................
6
3.4.4
........................................................................................................
6
.............. 6
3.5.1 ........................ 7
.. 8
4. & ....................................... 9
5.
.....................................................................................
10
.............................................. 10
5.1.1
.......................................................................11
5.1.2 D 1991-1-3 ..................................12
() ......... 12
5.2.1
................................................................................13
5.2.2
......................................................................................13
6.
....................................................................................
14
..........................................................
14
........................................................ 14
6.2.1
..............................................................................15
6.2.2 cp
........................................................................15
6.2.3
..........................................................................................15
6.2.4
........................................................................................16
6.2.5
.............................................................................19
6.2.6
.........................................................................19
........................................... 22
6.3.1
.....................................................................................................22
6.3.2
..................................................................22
6.3.3
....................................................................................23
.................................................. 23
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& 2
1 1 6.4.1
.....................................................................................................23
6.4.2 .............................24
7. .......................................... 36
7.1.1
.....................................................................................................36
7.1.2
...........................................................................38
7.1.3
......................................................................40
7.1.4
.....................................................................................41
7.1.5
...................................................................................42
7.1.6
........................................................................................42
7.1.7
...................................................................................42
7.1.8 ...................................................43
7.1.9
...............................................................44
7.1.10 ............44
7.1.11 ...................46
7.1.12 &
...................................................46
7.1.13 ..............................46
7.1.14 ........47
7.1.15 ............................................50
7.1.16
....................................................................51
8. & ................................ 52
..........................................................................
56
................................................ 56
.................................................... 57
8.3.1
............................................................59
OKA ..........................................................
62
8.4.1
..............................................................64
8.4.2
...........................................................64
..........................................................
65
.....................................................................
65
9. ...................................... 67
10.
......................................................................................
68
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2 2
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cpe,10 cpe,1 A, B, C, D E . 8.
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h/d cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10
cpe,1
5 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.7
1 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.8 +1.0 -0.5
0.25 -1.2 -1.4 -0.8 -1.1 -0.5 +0.7 +1.0 -0.3
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7.6 7.8 7.9.2.
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cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1
-1.8 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.7 -1.2 +0.2
-0.2
0.025 -1.6 -2.2 -1.1 -1.8 -0.7 -1.2 +0.2
-0.2
0.05 -1.4 -2.0 -0.9 -1.6 -0.7 -1.2 +0.2
-0.2
0.10 -1.2 -1.8 -0.8 -1.4 -0.7 -1.2 +0.2
-0.2
0.05 -1.0 -1.5 -1.2 -1.8 -0.4 +0.2
-0.2
0.10 -0.7 -1.2 -0.8 -1.4 -0.3 +0.2
-0.2
0.20 -0.5 -0.8 -0.5 -0.8 -0.3 +0.2
-0.2
30 -1.0 -1.5 -1.0 -1.5 -0.3 +0.2
-0.2
45 -1.2 -1.8 -1.3 -1.9 -0.4 +0.2
-0.2
60 -1.3 -1.9 -1.3 -1.9 -0.5 +0.2
-0.2
1 , hp/h r/h.
2 , = 30, 45 = 60 . > 60 = 60 .
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6 6
(1) , ,
7.7.
(2) ze h.
(3)
7.3.
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6 6
7 (7.3)
= 0 = 180
F G H F G H
cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1
cpe,10 cpe,1
5 -1.7 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2
-2.3 -2.5 -1.3 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0
15 -0.9 -2.0 -0.8 -1.5 -0.3
-2.5 -2.8 -1.3 -2.0 -0.9 -1.2 +0.2 +0.2 +0.2
30 -0.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.5 -0.2
-1.1 -2.3 -0.8 -1.5 -0.8 +0.7 +0.7 +0.4
45 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0
-0.6 -1.3 -0.5 -0.7 +0.7 +0.7 +0.6
60 +0.7 +0.7 +0.7 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5
75 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 -0.5 -1.0 -0.5 -0.5
8 (7.3)
= 90
Fup Flow G H I
cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10
cpe,1
5 -2.1 -2.6 -2.1 -2.4 -1.8 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2 -0.5
15 -2.4 -2.9 -1.6 -2.4 -1.9 -2.5 -0.8 -1.2 -0.7 -1.2
30 -2.1 -2.9 -1.3 -2.0 -1.5 -2.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.8 -1.2
45 -1.5 -2.4 -1.3 -2.0 -1.4 -2.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.9 -1.2
60 -1.2 -2.0 -1.2 -2.0 -1.2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.7 -1.2
75 -1.2 -2.0 -1.2 -2.0 -1.2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.5
1 = 0 ( )) = +5 +45, . , : , . .
2 . 0.0 .
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6 6
(1) , ,
7.8.
(2) ze h.
(3)
7.4.
-
& 32
6 6
9 (7.4)
= 0
F G H I J
cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10
cpe,1
-45 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -0.7 -1.0 -1.5
-30 -1.1 -2.0 -0.8 -1.5 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -1.4
-15 -2.5 -2.8 -1.3 -2.0 -0.9 -1.2 -0.5 -0.7 -1.2
-5 -2.3 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2 +0.2 +0.2
-0.6 -0.6
5 -1.7 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2
-0.6 +0.2
+0.0 +0.0 +0.0 -0.6
15 -0.9 -2.0 -0.8 -1.5 -0.3 -0.4 -1.0 -1.5
+0.2 +0.2 +0.2 +0.0 +0.0 +0.0
30 -0.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.5 -0.2 -0.4 -0.5
+0.7 +0.7 +0.4 +0.0 +0.0
45 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -0.3
+0.7 +0.7 +0.6 +0.0 +0.0
60 +0.7 +0.7 +0.7 -0.2 -0.3
75 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 -0.2 -0.3
1 = 0 = -5 +45, . , F, G H I J. .
2 . ( = +5 = -5, 7.2.3). 0,0 .
10 (7.4)
= 90
F G H I
cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1
-45 -1.4 -2.0 -1.2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.9 -1.2
-30 -1.5 -2.1 -1.2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.3 -0.9 -1.2
-15 -1.9 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.8 -1.2
-5 -1.8 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.7 -1.2 -0.6 -1.2
5 -1.6 -2.2 -1.3 -2.0 -0.7 -1.2 -0.6
15 -1.3 -2.0 -1.3 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2 -0.5
30 -1.1 -1.5 -1.4 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.5
45 -1.1 -1.5 -1.4 -2.0 -0.9 -1.2 -0.5
60 -1.1 -1.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.8 -1.0 -0.5
75 -1.1 -1.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.8 -1.0 -0.5
-
& 33
6 6
(1) , ,
7.9.
(2) ze h.
(3)
7.5.
11. (7.5)
0 =0 90 =90
= 0 = 90
F G H I J K L M N
cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1
cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1 cpe,10 cpe,1
5
-1.7 -2.5 -1.2 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2
-0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -1.2 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2 -0.4
+0.0 +0.0 +0.0
15
-0.9 -2.0 -0.8 -1.5 -0.3
-0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -1.2 -2.0 -1.4 -2.0 -0.6 -1.2 -0.3
+0.2 +0.2 +0.2
30
-0.5 -1.5 -0.5 -1.5 -0.2
-0.4 -0.7 -1.2 -0.5 -1.4 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.2
+0.5 +0.7 +0.4
45
-0.0 -0.0 -0.0
-0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -1.3 -2.0 -0.8 -1.2 -0.2
+0.7 +0.7 +0.6
60 +0.7 +0.7 +0.7 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -1.2 -2.0 -0.4 -0.2
75 +0.8 +0.8 +0.8 -0.3 -0.6 -0.3 -1.2 -2.0 -0.4 -0.2
1 = 0 = +5 +45, . , : , . .
2 . 0.0 .
3 .
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7.1.6
.
.
.
7.1.7
.
.
.
. 10
. 11
. 12
-
& 43
7 7
7.1.8
.
,
I,J,K,L A, B, C, D, E, F.
A, B, C, D, E, F
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
, , , .
,
D
E
, EC1 7.2.2 (3).
:
h/d 1.0 f = 0.85
h/d 5.0 f = 1.00
1.0 < h/d < 5.0
:
h
d .
. ,
.
.
. 13
-
& 44
7 7
7.1.9
,
,
.
. . .
7.1.10
, . , ,
. , cpe / wpe kN/m. (. ), (. ), 3 .
. 15
. 14
-
& 45
7 7
.
. 16
. 17
wpe cpe.
. 18
-
& 46
7 7
7.1.11
, . . , .
7.1.12 &
. . . .
7.1.13
, . , . . .
. 19
( )
-
& 47
7 7
. 20
7.1.14
, . , . .
.
(/ )
.
,
(h), (L), (w)
() , .
. 22
. 21
-
& 48
7 7
. .
.
. 23
.
.
,
.
cpe
wpe .
. 24
,
,
.
-
& 49
7 7
. 25
:
. ,
x,y,z:
,, = (
=1 ) (7.1)
,, = (
=1 ) (7.2)
:
FAx,y,z
kN
MAx,y,z
kNm
wi kN/m2
A m2
,
:
,, = (
=1 ) (7.3)
,, = (
=1 ) (7.4)
:
FLx,y,z
kN
MLx,y,z
kNm
vi kN/m
Li m
-
& 50
7 7
. :
= ,,
,,
,, 100 % (7.5)
= ,,
,,
,, 100 % (7.6)
, . . . , . . (
-
& 51
7 7
7.1.16
,
,
.. .
. 27
.
.
. 28
-
& 52
8 & 8
8. &
..
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
/
.
..
..
, ,
.
(, , , )
() .
cpe,
, cpe,
/ .
, ,
2 0.2.
F,G,H, I,J ,
:
F,G,H max / I,J max : ( / )
F,G,H max / I,J min : ( / )
F,G,H min / I,J max : ( / )
F,G,H min / I,J min : ( / )
..
.
-
& 53
8 & 8
,
. ..
,
: , ,
, .
, , 1.3 3
:
1(1) 1(2), 1(1) 1(2) 1(1) 1(2).
,
.
(..)
.
, .. ,
.
F, G, H, I, J, ,
.. =0 . 29 . 32.
,
.
, .. W11, W12, W13
W14, 0 .. W2x,
180 .. W3x
90, .. W4x 270.
(..
, ,
),
..,
.
, 0, 180,
90 270.
-
& 54
8 & 8
. 29 , =0, .. W11 (F,G,H max / IJ max)
. 30 , =0, .. W12 (F,G,H max / IJ min)
-
& 55
8 & 8
. 31 , =0, .. W13 (F,G,H min / IJ max)
. 32 , =0, .. W14 (F,G,H min / IJ min)
-
& 56
8 & 8
wi.
,
( ),
( ).
.
. 33
,
,
.
6.3.2.2, 1990 .7.2.9,
cpi
cpe, ()
cpe
,
+0.2 -0.3. .
(1) / (4) ,
..
(/, , 59 ..),
(
, ,
).
..
..
,
..
. 34 .. 1 ..
..
-
& 57
8 & 8
. .
. 35 .. 4 ..
,
:
. 36
2 . ..
,
.. .
. 37
-
& 58
8 & 8
.. 1
.. 2 , ..
.
.. .
..
.
.. :
G - , .
.. .. G
.
Q - , ..
.. Q
.
, ..
..
.
(.. G1, G2 ...),
.. ..
, ..
..
.
(.. Q1, Q2 ...), ..
..
..
..
,
cp,max/cp,min
.
..
..
1, 2
.
,
.
..,
..
-
& 59
8 & 8
.
.., ,
/
. . 8
,
cpe
.
,
.
cpe
.
9 (7.4)
5 45 0 180,
2 / , / ,
/ / .
..
cpe
.
, 10 (7.4)
90 270,
.
8.3.1
(
)
.
3:
cpi = + 0.2
cpi = - 0.3
.. .
cpe,
cpi = 0.75cpe cpi = 0.90cpe.
..
.
-
& 60
8 & 8
, :
1.
2
.. W11
W12
cpe = 0.2 .
2 .. =0 (W11 W12)
1 .. =180 (W21)
1 .. =90 (W31)
1 .. =270 (W41)
2.
-5 +45:
4 .. =0 (W11, W12, W13, W14)
4 .. =180 (W21, W22, W23, W24)
1 .. =90 (W31)
1 .. =270 (W41)
< -5 > +45:
1 .. =0 (W11)
1 .. =180 (W21)
1 .. =90 (W31)
1 .. =270 (W41)
-
& 61
8 & 8
3.
+5 +45:
2 .. =0 (W11, W12)
2 .. =180 (W21, W22)
1 .. =90 (W31)
1 .. =270 (W41)
> +45:
1 .. =0 (W11)
1 .. =180 (W21)
1 .. =90 (W31)
1 .. =270 (W41)
..
.
-
& 62
8 & 8
OKA
.. (Ultimate Limit State ULS)
, , ,
.
, . EK0 A1.2.1
General (1) - NOTE 1
.. .
..
..
.. OKA
.
. 38 (ULS)
(..)
..
2 ..
. .. ..
.. .. ..
. (..) ..
0,
1, 2 .
-
& 63
8 & 8
. 39
.. ..
xml xml.
.. ..
,
.
.. ,
.
,
0, 1,
2.
,
A H,
1.1
0
.
.
.
.
.
. 40
-
& 64
8 & 8
,
.
.
..,
0, 1, 2,
.
8.4.1
.. ..
1.2(B) 0:
Gj,supG + Q,1Q
.. ..
,
1.2() 0. ..
(Gj,sup Gkj) Gj,sup,
() (Q1Qk1)
Q1 () (Qi0,iQki)
Qi 0,i.
.. ..
,
..
.
.
.. ,
( )
.. .
.. ,
( )
.. .
8.4.2
..
SRSS Ei = ((Exi2+Eyi2),
1.3 0.
-
& 65
8 & 8
.. (i),
8 ..
..
CQC Ei = xi2Eyi,
1.3 0.
8 ., 21
..
.
..
(SLS)
(ULS).
. 41 (SLS)
.
.
.
.
Ribbon
check ,
kN/m2
.
-
& 66
8 & 8
. 42
.
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
. 43 :
-
& 67
9 9
9.
. pulldown , , , cpe, cpi
wpe. , . .
. .. 20 kN/m2 1 m
, . .. 1 kN/m2 x 5 m
-
& 68
10 10
10.
[1] EN 1991-1-3 (2003): Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part
1-3: General
actions Snow loads, European Committee for Standardization,
Brussels,
Belgium.
[2] EN 1991-1-4 (2005): Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part
1-4: General
actions Wind actions, European Committee for Standardization,
Brussels,
Belgium.
[3] . . (2005): 1:
, ,
, 2
[4] . , . (2011): :
EN 1990: , EN 1991:
, -,
-
60, 71201 - .: 2810.332684
www.tol.com.gr [email protected]
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