1–;/n s~rg

;/n s~rg !#cf}+ cª\sdf gofF ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . dg k/fpg'x'G5 eGg] xflb{s cfzf . vNtLdf jf Aofudf /fVg / af]Sg ;lhnf] x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] ljrf/ 5 . jrgsf] cWoogn] el/Psf] s~rg cfkm";Fu} /fVg'xf]nf . v|Li6 ljZjf;L ldq, tkfO{nfO{ xfd|f] Pp6f ljGtL 5 of] klqsfsf] d"Vo p2]Zosf] nflu k|fy{gf ul/lbg'xf];\ . ;an] afOandf Wofg lbpmg\ / k9"g\ eGg] xfd|f] p2]Zo xf] . ;+;f/sf] zf;s, zf;g, k|zf;g lat]/ hfg]5g\ . s}n] l:y/ 5}g . /fhf, /fi6«klt cfpF5g\ clg hfG5g\, dGqL, ;lrj ;a} clwsf/Lx¿ hfgnfO{, x/fpgnfO{ g} cfpF5g\ clg hfG5g\ . cfpg'xf];\ s~rg;Fu} a;]/ xfdL cgGt hLjg, :ju{sf] /fHo / e/k"/ hLjgsf] ljifodf ;f]rf}+ . cflv/ hLjgsf] clGtd lx;falstfa o]z" /fhfnfO{ g} a'emfpg'kg]{ xf] . lsg pxfFsf] af/]df hflgsf/L ga9fpg] < ab\nL g'x'g] pxfF dfq} x'g'x'G5 . wgL / ul/a, ;fgf / 7"nf, a]Odfg / OdfGbf/sf GofofwLz agL k|e' o]z" cfpg'x'Fb}5 . æca pk|fGt k|e'df dg]{x¿ wGosf x'g\ .Æ -k|sfz !$M!#, @)M!@,!#_ . cfkm\gf] d[Tosf] lbgnfO{ / d[To'kfl/sf] OG;fkmsf] 38LnfO{ xfdL ;a}n] uDeL/ ¿kdf lng'k5{ . ;/n s~rg klqsf cfkm\gf kf7sx¿ ;dIf log} s'/f atfO/xg rfxG5 . klqsf lbuf] ¿kdf rNgsf] nflu cfly{s d2t rflxG5 g} . o;df klg xfd|f] cg'/f]w tkfO{nfO{ 5Fb} 5 . wGojfb .

nf]sgfy dg]g -(*!*!($@@&_

;fg' s'/f]

3–;/n s~rg

ljifoj:t'

s;/L pDsf}+nf < @

afOann] s] eGb}5 $

clxn] / kl5 ^

of] z/L/ / csf]{ z/L/ *

Tof] Pp6f] s'/f] 5 ls 5}g < !@

af]nfOPsf] dfG5] !$

wf]OPsf] dfG5] !^

clxn]af6 ;r]t !(

nfh / ckdfgsf] bfd @!

dfkmL lbg'x'G5 < @%

cfzf gdfg'{xf];\ — cfzf 5 === @*

;f]Rb} hfFbf #@

P ;fFOnf] xf} #&

jrgsf] v08 $@

4–;/n s~rg

s;/L pDsf}+nf <

s;/L pDsg]< egL lxa|" @M# df clg lxa|" !@M@ xfdLnfO{ k|Zg ul/Psf] 5 . Ps lbg lj/fdL kl/g]5 . k9\g} g;Sg] u/L / lstfa} prfNg g;Sg] u/L kn+udf kl/g]5 . To;a]nf k5'tf] u/L s] ug'{ < Ps lbg b'3{6gfdf kl/G5 clg z/L/dfly o:tf] ah|kft k5{ ls k9\g' n]Vg' c;Dej x'G5 . To;a]nf ysys dfg]/ s] x'G5 < To;kl5 afOan x'g' jf gx'g'df s'g} km/s kb}{g . hLjgsf] ptf/, r9fp clg t"kmfg / cfFwLx¿nfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;fdgf ug]{ OR5f 5 eg] afOan / gofF s/f/nfO{ /fd|f] u/L k9\g'xf];\ . gofF s/f/sf] hdfgfb]lv ;a} hfltnfO{ kljq cfTdfsf] dbt ldNg;S5 egL afOandf k|lt1f 5 . k/d]Zj/n] xfdLnfO{ sltko s'/f b]vfpg' ePsf] 5 . of] gug"{, Tof] ug"{ egL af]Ng'ePsf] 5 . gk9]/ xfdLn] cfkm}nfO{ wf]sf lbFb}5f}+ . sf]xL c¿nfO{ xf]Og cfkm}nfO{

5–;/n s~rg

wf]sf lbFb}5f}+ . ;f]rf}+ . tkfO{s} OR5f klg 5 . Tof] ug'{k5{ egL tkfO{n] ;f]Rg'ePsf] 5 . t/ ug'{df 9Lnf eO/x]sf] 5 . cfh km]l/ of] n]vaf6 tkfO{nfO{ ;Demgf u/fpFb}5f}+ . Tof] sfd tkfO{ slxn] ug'{x'G5 < Ps k]h afOan k9\g' nfdf] ;do nfUb}g . @ ldg6 k|fy{gf ug'{ klg nfdf] xf]Og . o;/L ;fgf], ;fgf] sbd ;w}+ p7fP/ g} nfdf] ofqf ul/G5 . dflg;n] Ps dlxgfdf slt vfG5 < ljxfg clg a]n'sLsf] Ps Ps 5fs ubf{ dlxgfdf ^) 5fs x'G5 . ;ftfel/sf] clg dlxgfel/sf] vfgf Psrf]6Ldf ;lsFb}g . t/ To;nfO{ PsPs efu, PsPs 5fs u/L PsPs lbgdf vfg ;lsG5 . k/d]Zj/sf] jrg k9\g] af/]df klg s'/f] ToxL xf] . afOansf] Ps k]h lj:tf/} k9\bf b'O{ ldg6 dfq nfU5 . w]/} k9\g'k5{ eGg] 5}g . cfkm\gf] cfTdfnfO{ s] b'O{ ldg6sf] b}lgs, cflTds ef]hg v'jfpg' EofpFb} gEofpg] s'/f] xf] / < k|fy{gf u/f}+, æx] lktf, k/d]Zj/ a'jf, wGojfb . o]z" k|e' xfd|f uf]7fnf x'g'x'G5 pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ jrgsf] xl/of] rp/df r/fpg'x'G5 t/ lsg xf] xfdLnfO{ ;+;f/sf] /demdn] a]km";{bL agfO/x]5 . d;Fu afOan 5, t/ afOan k9\gdf z}tfgn] afwf lbO/x]5 . cfhb]lv dnfO{ dbt ug'{xf];\ . Ps ldg6 jf b'O{ ldg6af6 z'? ubf{ klg x'g]/x]5 . ca d lgoldt k9\g]5' . lktf dnfO{ arfpg'xf];\, dnfO{ ;'/Iff / ;xf/f lbg'xf];\ clg cfkm\gf] jrgaf6 dnfO{ l;sfpg'xf];\ . d xfg{ rfxGg . d kl5 kg{ rfxGg . x] o]z", tkfO{ k[YjLdf km]l/ cfpg'x'Fbf d 5'l6g rfxGg . d]/f] k|fy{gf ;'Gg'xf];\ . tkfO{s} kljq gfpFdf, cfldg\ .

6–;/n s~rg

afOann] s] eGb}5< x]/, lktfn] xfdLnfO{ s:tf] lsl;dn] k|]d ug'{ePsf] 5, ls xfdL k/d]Zj/sf ;Gtfg egL sxlnPsfx¿ xf}+, / ;fFRr} xf}+ klg . o;}sf/0fn] t ;+;f/n] xfdLnfO{ lrGb}g lsgeg] To;n] pxfFnfO{ lrg]g -! o"xGgf #M!_ . o; s'/f]df s'g} z+sf glng'xf];\, xfdL k/d]Zj/sf xf}+ . sf]xL 7"nf] / sf]xL ;fg' xf]Og . a/fa/ ;Gtfg . v|Li6df gofF u/L hGdFbf kfPsf] clwsf/ / ;f}efUo . t/ sltn] v|Li6nfO{ kTofpFb}gg\ / dfGb}gg\ . pxfFdfly ljZjf; ug]{nfO{ k/d]Zj/n] cfkm\gf] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] gftf lbg'x'G5 . ;a}, ;a}n] ljZjf; u5{g\ elgPsf] 5}g . hltn] pxfFdfly ljZjf; u5{g\ elgPsf] 5 . of] gftfdfly ;/n, zfGt e/f];f /fVg'xf];\ . dflg;x¿n] eGg] s'/f klg eG5g\ / geGg] s'/f klg ;'gfpF5g\ . Tof] pgLx¿sf] cfbt} xf] . tkfO{ zfGt aGg'xf];\ . dgdf u'Gg'xf];\ / eGg'xf];\, æd hLljt k/d]Zj/sf] ;Gtfg / cfkmGt x'FÆ . ;+;f/n] / ;dfhn] a'em\b}g . k|e' o]z"nfO{ klg pxfFsf] ;dfhn] lrg]g . pxfFnfO{ e"t nfu]sf] eGof], s';+utdf nfUg] eGof], dtjfnf / l3r'jf eGof] . 9'Ëf xfGg vf]Hof] . qm";df g} lsnf 7f]s]/ df¥of] . o]z" ;f]Wg'x'G5, ædnfO{ glrGg]n] ltdLx¿nfO{ lrGg}k5{ / < dnfO{ y'lsof],

7–;/n s~rg

lv;L ul/of] eg] of] b]zn], of] hgtfn] ltdLx¿nfO{ km"nsf] dfnf nufOlbg}k5{ / <Æ o]z"n] o"xGgfdf eGg'ePsf] 5, æltdLx¿nfO{ 3[0ff ug{cl3 ;+;f/n] dnfO{ 3[0ff u/]sf] xf] Æ-!%M!*_ . xfdL ;+;f/df nf]slk|o / km]d; aGg cfPsf 5}gf}+ . o]z" k|e'n] arfpg' ePsf] 5 clg k/d]Zj/ lktfn] xfdLnfO{ d]/f] 5f]/f, d]/L 5f]/L eGg'ePsf] 5 . Pp6f cgGt hLjg / cgGt /fHo lbg] jrg lbg'ePsf] 5 . Toltn] xfdLnfO{ k'Ug'k5{ . æd}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ eg]sf] jrg ofb /fv, gf]s/ 3/sf] dflnseGbf 7"nf] x'Fb}g Æ -kb @)_ . t/ xfdL 9'Ss eP/ cN5] eP/ a:g'x'Gg . xfdLn] o]z";Fusf] gftf alnof] agfpg'k5{ . pxfFsf] jrg gofF s/f/, k'/fgf] s/f/df v';L eO{ lbg/ft To;df nfUg'k5{ . ;+;f/sf] cfFvf aGb 5 . ;a}n] xfdLnfO{ :ofaf; eGof] eg] xfdL vtd x'G5f}+ . ;+;f/df a];L :jfut eof] eg] xfdL lau|G5f}+ / vtd x'G5f}+ . ;+;f/nfO{ g} cfkm\gf] ;bf;j{bfsf] 3/ 7fGg]5f}+ . ;+;f/sf] c+ufnf]n] xfdLnfO{ :ju{ k:g lbFb}g . æxfd|f] oxfF /lx/xg] ;x/ 5|}g, t/ cfpg]rflxF ;x/sf] xfdL k|tLIff u5f}{+Æ -lxa|" !#M!$_ . xfdL zfGt aGg'k5{, 9'Ss aGg'k5{, v'zLn] d':s'/fpg'k5{ . k|wfgdGqL, /fhf, ljåfg, s/f]8kltx¿n] yfxf kfpg g;s]sf] s'/f] xfdL;Fu 5 .

8–;/n s~rg

clxn] / kl5 lk|o xf], clxn] xfdL k/d]Zj/sf ;Gtfg xf}+ / xfdL s] xf]cf}+nf, ;f] clxn];Dd k|s6 ePsf] 5}g . olt hfGb5f}+ ls ha pxfF k|s6 x'g'x'G5 ta xfdL pxfFh:t} x'g]5f}+ . lsgls pxfF h:tf] x'g'x'G5 xfdL pxfFnfO{ To:t} b]Vg]5f}+ -! o"xGgf #M@_ . xfdL;Fu b'O6f ;do 5 . Pp6f clxn] ;+;f/df . csf]{, kl5 :ju{df . k/d]Zj/sf] 3/df . k/d]Zj/sf] ;Gtfg ePkl5 k/d]Zj/sf] 3/df hfg'k5{ . kl5 xfdL dlxldt z/L/ wf/0f u/]/ pxfFsf] /fHodf k:g' / a:g'k5{ . d/]kl5 ufl8G5 jf hnfOG5 . afOann] eG5, k|fs[lts z/L/df ufl8G5 . cflTds z/L/df Tof] hLljt x'G5 . h;/L xfdLn] df6f]sf dflg;sf] ¿k wf/0f u/]sf5f}+, To;/L g} :ju{sf dflg;sf] ¿k wf/0f ug]{5f}+ == ! sf]l/GyL !%M$$,$( . o]z k|e' afbndf dlxldt ¿kdf k|s6 x'g] lbg cfpFb}5 . To;sf] lglDt xfdL ;a} tof/ x'g'k5{ . pxfF;Fusf] ;DaGw / lxdlrd a9fpg] sfd ug'{k5{ . gofF s/f/sf] oL kbx¿, cWofox¿ bf]xf]¥ofP/ k9\g'xf];\ . xfdL pxfFh:t} x'G5f}+, pxfF h:tf] x'g'x'G5 To:t} b]Vg]5f}+ . t/ To:tf] x'g'sf] nflu xfdLn] of] df6f]sf] cfFvf / df6}sf] duh xf]Og, :juL{o z/L/ kfpg'k5{, :juL{o cfTdf kfpg'k5{ . pxfFh:t} x'g\ xf] eg] xfdL pxfFnfO{ b]Vg]5f}+ / pxfFsf] 3/df a:g kfpg]5f}+ .

9–;/n s~rg

cfTdf db}{g . z/L/nfO{ hnfP klg, uf8] klg Tof] :ju{sf] nflu xf]Og . of] k[YjLsf] cfo' k"/f u¿~h]nnfO{ xf] . ltdLx¿sf] lglDt 7fpF tof/ kfg{ uO/x]sf] 5' . d km]l/ cfpg]5' . hxfF d 5' ToxfF ltdLx¿ klg x'g]5f} -o"xGgf !$M#)_ . z/L/ / ;+;f/ 5fl8g] x'g\, kmflng] x'g\ . xfdL;Fu hf]l8g] / ;bf uflePsf s'/f xf]Ogg\ .

cflTds hLjgsf] vt/gfs zq' — lgGbfr'SnLrr{ eg]sf] ;d"x xf] hf] cGt/;DaGwn] 3lgi7 / Ps l9Ssf ePsf] x'G5 . lgGbfn] oxL ;d"x / cGt/;DaGw gfz ug]{ sfd u5{ .lgGbfn] ubf{ cGt/;DaGwdf z}tfg ;lqmo eP/ sfd ug]{ df}sf kfpF5 .lgGbf ug]{ JolQmn] cfkm\gf] cflzif, clwsf/, ljZjf;, JolQmTj / cGt/;{DaGw ;a} laufb}{ ktglt/ a9\5 .lgGbf ug]{ JolQm z}tfgsf] x'nfsL xf] .lgGbf k[YjLdf ;a}eGbf a9L kf:6/ / cu'jfsf] x'g] u5{ . aflx/LeGbf leqsf lgGbsx¿ vt/gfs x'G5g\ .ln8/x¿ kl/jt{g x'g'k5{, h;sf] sf/0f lgGbf cfpg;S5 . kl/jt{g gx'g' / w]/} kl/jt{g Ps}rf]6L x'g', b'j} vt/gfs x'g\ . ln8/sf] kb df]xs, pQ]hs x'G5 –-dgkbf]{ / /x/nfUbf] x'G5_ . ;[hgf ug'{, s]xL agfpg'eGbf bf]if lbg' ;lhnf] x'G5 . bfloTj -lhDdf_ lng grfxg] JolQmaf6 a9L lgGbf cfpF5 .3d08L x[bo ePsf, cfkm} hfGg], ;'Gg] / dfly kg'{kg]{ :jfyL{ :jefjsf JolQmx¿af6 w]/} lgGbf cfpF5 .-xfe]{:6 k/fdz{ k|f=ln= )^&, kf:6/Lo ;]jf;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ lzIff / sfhuhkqx¿, 8f ltdf]yL cof{n, k]h #)_

10–;/n s~rg

of] z/L/ / csf]{ z/L/clg h:tf] pxfF kljq x'gx'G5, pxfFdfly of] cfzf /fVg] x/]s dflg;n] cfkm"nfO{ kljq kf5{ -! o"xGgf #M@_ .tkfO{ s] ug'{x'Fb}5 < cfkm"nfO{ kljq kfg'{x'Fb}5 ls ckljq < xfdL;Fu Pp6f cfzf 5 . cfxf, Pp6f cfzf 5 . Tof] cfzf xf] afbndf k|e'nfO{ e]6\g] . xfdL klxn] g} d¥of}+ eg] o]z" afbndf cfpg'x'Fbf df6f] / w/tLaf6 p7fOg]5f}+ . cs}{ z/L/df pxfFnfO{ e]6\g] cfzf 5 . o:tf] cfzf

x'g] dfG5] kljq aGg'k5{ . /S;L hfF8, v/fa ;+ut, s'nt, ck/fw, l/;, Jolerf/ ;+;f/sf hfnx¿ x'g\ . k/d]Zj/sf] kljq tfndf a:g] df5fx¿nfO{ ;+;f/sf hfnx¿n] ;dfTg vf]Hb}5g\ . lbofan;, z}tfgn] kmfn]sf] Ps d'7\7L d'/}, lrp/fnfO{ lrGg'k5{ / To;sf] nf]eb]lv cnu a:g'k5{ . cfxf lrp/f kfPF, u8]pnf b]v]+ egL e't'Ss ag]/ Totflt/ a9\g] lalQs} xfdL hfndf k5f}{+ . hfndf lhGbuL h]lnG5 / plDsg ;lsFb}g . xfdL k/d]Zj/sf ;Gtfg xf}+, xfdL k/d]Zj/nfO{ b]Vg]5f}+, xfdL pxfFsf] /fHodf k:g]5f}+ / a:g]5f}+ . o:tf] cfzf h;sf] dgdf 5 p;n] cfkm\gf] hLjg rf]vf] / ;kmf /fVg'k5{ . k/d]Zj/sf] x's'd xf] . w]/} hgf ;+;f/sf] dHhf TofUg'k5{ egL v|Li6df ljZjf; ub}{gg\ .

11–;/n s~rg

sltslt 5g\ oxL b]zdf, afa', cfdf, ;fyL, ;dfhn] l5l5 eGnf eg]/ v|Li6dfly ljZjf; ub{}gg\, w]/} hgf afOansf] s'/f dfGg'k5{ egL ljZjf; ug{ rfxFb}gg\ . afOan dfg]kl5 kfk ug{ kfOGg . 3'; lbg'lng', e|i6rf/ ug'{, c¿nfO 7Ug', e"m6 af]Ng', s;}nfO{ 3[0ff ug'{, a'/f] b[li6n] x]g'{, nf]enfnr ug'{, Jolerf/ ug'{ kfOGg . o;} sf/0f v|Li6df ljZjf; ug]{ JolQm dbf{ p;sf] lglDt sfh lsl/of ug'{kb}{g . k/d]Zj/n] pgsf] lglDt :ju{df 7fpF tof/ kfg'{ ePsf] 5 . clk|msfdf xf];\ jf rfOgf, cd]l/sfdf xf]; jf Plzofdf afOan t k9\g}k5{ . lsg]/ k'Ub}g . v|Li6 dfGg]sf] larf/ ;kmf x'g'k5{ -To;sf] nflu afOan k9\g'k5{_ . af]nL ld7f] x'g'k5{ -To;sf] nflu afOan k9\g'k5{_, Jojxf/, afgL ;kmf / c;n x'g'k5{, -To;sf] nflu afOan k9\g'k5{_ . ;fgf afnsx¿, pxfFdf /lx/xf] tfls pxfF k|s6 x'g'x'Fbf xfdLdf lxDdt xf];\ / pxfFsf] cfudgdf pxfFsf] ;fd'Gg] xfdLnfO{ zdf{pg' gk/f];\===! o"xGgf @M@* . h;nfO{ xfdL klv{/x]sf5f}+, pxfF crfgs cfpg'x'Fbf xfdL tof/ x'g'k5{ . aQLsf] t]n ;lsP/ lsGg uPsf kfFrhgf d"v{ sGofx¿sf] syf k|e' o]z"n] elg;Sg'ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿ t]n ;lsP/ ptflt/ lsGg uPsf] a]nfdf otflt/ b"nxf cfOk'u] clg 9f]sf aGb eof] eGg] 8/nfUbf] clg /x/nfUbf] syf o]z"n] ;'gfpg'eof] . h'g sGofx¿;Fu aln/x]sf] aQL lyof] pgLx¿ t

12–;/n s~rg

k:g kfP . aQL lge]sf], t]n lsGg uPsf sGofx¿ kmls{P/ cfO{ 9f]sfnfO{ ;f/f], ;f/f] 9s\9sfpg nfu] . leqaf6 hjfkm cfof] æd ltdLx¿nfO{ lrlGbgFÆ dQL @%M!—!@ . of] syf elg;Sg'ePkl5 k|e' o]z"n] eGg'eof], æo;sf/0f hfuf /xf], lsgls Tof] lbg / Tof] 38L ltdLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5}g .Æ ;Gtfg xf}+, pxfFnfO{ b]Vg]5f}+, pxfF cfpg'x'Fb}5, pxfFsf] /fHodf, pxfFsf] dxndf k:g'k5{ . o;sf/0f xfdL kljq agL tof/ /xg'k5{ -o;sf] nflu gofF s/f/ k9\g}k5{ _ . ! o"xGgf @M!( tL xfd|f x'Fbf x'g\ t ltgLx¿ ;a} xfdL;Fu} /lx/xg] lyP, t/ ltgLx¿ ;a} xfd|f xf]Og /x]5g\ eGg] s'/f k|s6 u/fpgnfO{ ltgLx¿ lg:s]/ uPsf x'g\ . slt dflg;x¿n] ;+ut Tofu]sf 5g\ / ljZjf;nfO{ klg :jfxf kf/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] ljZjf;sf] af6f]nfO{ / ofqfnfO{ xNsf ¿kdf lnPsf lyP . ;+;f/sf] dft nfu]sf] xf] . ;+;f/sf] df]x hfndf km;]sf] xf] . b'O ldg6, b'O{ jif{, aL; jif{sf] dHhfsf] nflu cgGt hLjg udfpg' sqf] d"v{tf xf] . pxfFn] t xfdLnfO{ cgGt dfofn] k|]d ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfF cfpg'x'Fbf 9f]sfsf] aflx/ kg]{nfO{ pxfFn] 9f]sf aGb ul/lbg'x'g]5 . ef]hsf] 3/sf] xf]xNnf / ;+uLt xfdLn] aflx/af6 ;'g]/ cfF;' aufpg'k5{ . xfd|f]nflu :ju{ aGb x'G5 clg xfdLnfO{ :jfut ug{ gs{sf] 9f]sf p3fl/g] 5 . d ;kmf u/L pgLx¿ x6\g' / gfz x'g'sf] vf; sf/0f tkfO{nfO{ atfpF5' . pgLx¿n] afOannfO{ lsGg] / af]Sg] j:t' ;Dem] . afOansf] Pp6f cWofonfO{ / Pp6f 5f]6f] k':tsnfO{ klg lbg /ft k9]sf] eP pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] eljionfO{ hf]ufpg] lyP . ToxfF n]lvPsf] 5 lbofan;nfO{ df}sf gb]pm, ToxfF

13–;/n s~rg

n]lvPsf] 5 ;+;f/df ePsf s'g} klg yf]snfO{ k|]d gu/ . olb s'g} dflg;n] ;+;f/nfO{ k|]d ub{5 eg] lktfsf] k|]d To;df x'Fb}g -! o"xGgf @M!%_ .

;fef/ ;Gbe{8f ltdf]yL cof{n

afgL h] s'/fdf a9L ;do latfpF5f}+ To;} ljifodf afgL a:b} hfG5 . tkfO{n] lbgx'F ug]{ ;a} sfdx¿ / To;sf slt ;do latfpg'eof] To;sf] OdfGbf/L;fy ! dlxgf;Dd l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ clg cGTodf zLif{sx¿ 5'6\ofP/ ;do hf]8\g'xf];\, To;af6 tkfO{sf] cj:yf / afgL s'g—s'g ljifodf a9\b}5 To;sf] lrq kfpg'x'g]5 . cyjf tkfO{nfO{ h'g sfd ug{ dg k5{, ?lr nfU5 / k|]/0ff kfpg'x'G5 To;}sf] cfwf/df afgL / rl/q lgdf{0f x'G5 .

;do s'gs'g ljifodf latfp5f}, ?lkofFk};fsf] ;|f]t / vr{ zLif{sx¿ clg c¿x¿;Fu cfk;L ;DaGw s:tf] 5 To;sf] cfwf/df rl/q lgdf{0f x'G5 . tkfO{n] k9\g], x]g]{, ;'Gg], af]Ng] / dgg ug]{ s'/fx¿ ;To / g}lts x'g'k5{ gq rl/q e|i6 x'g]5 . xfd|f w]/} lqmofsnfkx¿ j+zf0f'ut -a'jfcfdfsf]_ wf/0ffaf6 kl/rflnt ePsf x'G5g\ . To;}u/L c¿ cgluGtL lqmofsnfkx¿ l;s]/ u5f}{+ . afgL ljsf; hGdhft x'Fb}g t/ l;s]/ x'Fb}hfG5 . ha afgL k5{ ta ;/n ¿kdf sfds'/f] ;~rfng x'G5g\ s'g} klg sfd k6s k6s ul//xgfn] To;df afgL ljsf; x'G5 . afgL a:5 . w]/} sfds'/f] xfd|f] afgLdf lge{/ u5{g\ . aRrfn] /fd|f / g/fd|f afgLx¿ l;Sb} hfG5 . pgLx¿df l;Sg] Ifdtf w]/} x'G5 . c;n afgL ljsf; ug{ d"No r'sfpg'k5{ . h;df cleefjs -af, cfdf_, lzIfs / c¿ dflg;sf] klg xft x'G5 . c:jfefljs cyjf v/fa afgLx¿ ljsf; ug{' x/k|sf/n] xflgsf/s 5g\ . h:t} 8/, lrGtf, b'Jo{;g -s'nt_ l/;, rf]/L, em"6, vGr'jfkg, nDk6kg, Jolerf/ cflb . o:tf afgLx¿af6 5'6sf/f kfpg jf ljhoL x'g d"No r'sfpg'xf];\ . -k]h !#df_

ljrf/ lqmofsnfk afgL rl/q k|ltkmnñ

14–;/n s~rg

Tof] Pp6f] s'/f] 5 ls 5}g< ! o"xGgf @M% t/ h;n] pxfFsf] jrg kfng u5{, To;df k/d]Zj/k|ltsf] k|]d ;fFRrL g} l;4 ePsf] x'G5 . xfdL pxfFdf 5f}+ eGg] s'/fdf o;}af6 lglZrt x'G5f}+ . xfd|f] hLjgdf afOan 5 ls 5}g To;}df ;a} s'/f e/ k5{ . dL7f] ;f]/ 5, /fd|f] lutf/ ahfpF5f} xf]Og, rr{sf] e]nfdf ;w}+ hfG5f}+ klg xf]Og, a'jf cfdf ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 klg xf]Og t/ pxfFsf] jrg kfng . xft ls Aofudf afOan 5 klg xf]Og . kfng . kfng ug{sf] nflu k9\g}k5{ . k9\b} hfg], kfng ub}{ hfg] g} xfd|f] sfd xf] . d'vdf k|e', k|e', cfldg, ho dl;x, xNn]n"ofx eg]/ klg x'Fb}g . dnfO{ k|e' k|e' eGg] ;a} :ju{sf] /fHodf k|j]z ug]{5}gg\ . :ju{df x'g'x'g] d]/f lktfsf] OR5 kfng ug]{ dflg;n] dfq

k/d]Zj/sf] /fHodf k|j]z ug]{5== -dQL &M@!_ lktfsf] OR5f s;/L yfxf

kfpg] < jrg k9\g'k5{ . gofF s/f/df k|e' o]z"nfO{ lrGgsf] nflu w]/} w]/} kfgf n]lvPsf] 5 . t/ cfwf kfgfnfO{ klg xfdLn] 3/L3/L k9\of}+ eg] pxfFsf] cf1f xfdLnfO{ yfxf x'G5 clg

pxfFsf] OR5f xfdLnfO{ yfxf

15–;/n s~rg

x'G5 . ;+;f/af6 xf]l;of/ eGg] s'/f] xfdLn] oxfF k9\of}+ . z}tfgaf6 xf]l;of/, cfkm}af6 xf]l;of/, wd{sd{ / /Llt l/jfhaf6 xf]l;of/ . zq', hfn, vf8n, kf;f] lrGgsf] nflu xfdLn] gofF s/f/ k9\g'k5{ . k|e' o]z"nfO{ xfdL ToxfF 5Nn{Ë b]Vg;S5f}+ . z}tfgnfO{ klg ;kmf u/L b]Vg;S5f}+ . gk9L / g;'gL x'Fb}g . o;sf/0f rr{sf e]nfx¿df k9\g g;Sg] dflg;x¿sf] nflu ;kmf u/L, 7"nf] ;f]/df afOan kl9lbg'xf];\ . jrgsf] kf7n] / ;'gfOn] g} klg xfdL k|e' o]z"nfO{ lrGg ;S5f}+ / pxfFnfO{ k5\ofpg;S5f}+ . k9\g g;Sg] dflg;x¿sf] nflu l;l8 jf 6]kaf6 afOansf] kf7 ;'gfpg ;lsG5 . c;n afgLsf kmfObfx¿ -8f ltdf]yL cof{n_

c;n afgL ljsf; ePsf] v08df tkfO{n] lgDg kmfObfx¿ kfpg'x'g]5

sfddf bIftf a9\b} hfG5 . nuftf/ sfd ul//xg ;lsG5 . c;n afgL ljsf; ePsf] 5}g eg] hLjg x/k|sf/n] si6bfoL x'G5 . lgoldt nfUgfn] / k"j{ ;kmntfn] sfddf emg ?lr a9]/ cfpF5 . -k"j{ ;kmntf eg]s]f —Psrf]l6 ;kmn ePsf] 5 eg] To;n] kl5 klg ;kmn x'g ;S5' eGg] dgfdf an / ljZjf; lbG5_ . c;n afgL 5 eg] sfd ;lhnf] x'G5 . 7"nf—7"nf sfd klg ;lhn} ldnfP/ ug{ ;lsG5 . c;n afgLn] rl/q ljsf; x'Fb} hfG5 . c;n afgL ljsf; ePsf] JolQmn] c¿sf] lglDt 7"nf] of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;S5 . c;n afgL 5 eg] nfu]sf] sfddf Psfu| -Ps lrQ aGg_ ;lhnf] x'G5 . -afFsL k]h @$df_

16–;/n s~rg

af]nfOPsf] dfG5]

xfdL hfGb5f}+, pxfFnfO{ k|]d ug]{x¿ / pxfFsf clek|focg';f/ af]nfOPsfx¿sf lglDt x/]s s'/fdf k/d]Zj/n] enfO g} ug'{x'G5 . /f]dL *M@* . of] wd{ xf]Og . gftf xf] . /Llt ljlw, l/jfh / k/Dk/fsf] s'/f xf]Og . cGw ljZjf; 5Fb}5}g . emfFqmL, Hof]ltif, k'/]t rnfPsf] v08df b08 ;hfo g} tf]lsPsf] 5 . of] lsg wd{ xf]Og < lsgeg], afa'n] dfg]/ 5f]/f5f]/Ln] dfGg'k5{ eGg] 5}g . of] wd{ xf]Og . lsgeg] 5f]/f / 5f]/Ln] klg dfG5' egL cfkm} 3f]if0ff ug'{k5{ . klAnsdf ug'{k5{ . of] ;fFrf] xf] afa'cfdfn] afOannfO{ sltsf] k9\5g\, dfG5g\ To;df w]/} s'/f e/ kg]{5 . wd{df 5f]/fn] afa' / afh]sf] h:tf] s'/f / sfd ub}{ hfg'k5{ . t/ v|Li6sf dflg;x¿df 5f]/fn] klg afOan k9\g} k5{ clg gflt /

17–;/n s~rg

gfltgLn] klg ToxL afOan a'em\g}k5{ . oxL afOansf] /f]dL * cWofosf] @*df xfdLnfO{ af]nfOPsf elgPsf] 5 . o;sf/0f k|To]s v|Li6 ljZjf;Ln] of] s'/f hfGg'k5{ / o; s'/fdf 3d08 ug'{k5{ / ;f]Rg' / eGg'k5{, æd af]nfOPsf] JolQm x'FÆ . pxfFsf] clek|fo eg]sf] s] xf] < clek|fo eg]sf] of]hgf xf] . k/d]Zj/n] xfd|f] af/]df s'g} gS;f sf]g'{ePsf] 5 . s'g} syf / sxfgL xfd|f] af/]df ;f]Rg'ePsf] 5 . xfd|f] hLjgdf ;a} s'/f h] x'G5 To;df enfO ug'{x'G5 . of] wd{ xf]Og . wd{df elQm x'G5, Wofg x'G5 . oxfF elgPsf] 5, k|]d . k|e' o]z"nfO{ k|]d ug]{x¿sf] ;d'xnfO{ rr{ elgG5 . s'g} of]hgfdf k/d]Zj/n] tkfO{nfO{ af]nfpg' ePsf] 5 . hLjg a]sf/df gkmfNg'xf];\ . xfp8] s'/fdf ;do gkmfNg'xf];\ . d]/f] nflu hLljt o]z" k|e'sf] ;f]r / of]hgf s] xf] < egL ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ . k|]d / ;]jfsf] lgDt af]nfOPsf 5f}+ xfdL .

18–;/n s~rg

wf]OPsf] dfG5]

ltdLx¿ wf]Oof}, kljq kfl/of}, k|e' o]z" v|Li6sf] gfpFdf xfd|f k/d]Zj/sf cfTdfåf/f lgbf]{if 7x/fOof}, -! sf]l/GyL ^M!!_ . af]nfOPsf dfq xf]Og . wf]OPsf klg . cfxf . dg} zflGtn] el/g] of] ;Gb]z 5 oxfF . lsgeg] ;+;f/n], kfkn], s';+utn], kl/l:yltn], ;d:ofn] xfdLnfO{ d}nf agfPsf] 5 . d}nf] cj:yfdf xfdL k|e'sxfF hfg ;Sb}gf}+ . o;}sf/0f pxfF xfdLnfO{ w'g'x'G5 . of] h;n] k9\g' x'Fb}5 tkfO{nfO{ klg w'g'ePsf] 5 . lktf k"vf{x¿af6 cfPsf Joy{sf s'/fx¿b]lv, ;'g jf rfFbLh:tf gfz x'g] yf]sx¿åf/f bfd lt/L ltdLx¿

19–;/n s~rg

5'6\ofOPsf xf]Ogf} . t/ lgivf]6 / lgisnª\s y'dfsf] h:tf] v|Li6sf] cgdf]n /utåf/f bfd lt/L 5'6\ofOPsf 5f}== -! kq'; !M!*,!(_ . o]z"n] qm';df 6fFluPsf] a]nfdf b'Vb}b'Vb} aufpg' ePsf] /utn] w''g' klg ePsf] 5 / xfdLnfO{ bfd lt/L 5'6\ofpg' klg ePsf] 5 . Tof] ;TonfO{ ljZjf; ug'{xf];\ . of] cfkm"n] tLy{ jt{ ug]{ s'/f xf]Og . cfkm"n] wd{sd{ ug]{ s'/f] xf]Og . of] wd{ g} xf]Og . k'/]tnfO{ k};f / bfd r9fP/ ;a} s'/f] ldnfpg] xf]Og . o]z" v|Li6sf] /utn] wf]OPsf dflg;x¿sf] lbglbgsf] hLjgsf] ofqf xf] . xfd|f] sfd / sd{n] xf]Og, bfg / blIf0ffn] xf]Og t/ v|Li6sf] gfpFdf xfd|f k/d]Zj/sf cfTdfåf/f lgbf]{if 7x/fOof} . v|Li6 ljZjf;Ln] eGg'k5{, d kljq 5', d af]nfOPsf] 5' . d]/f] hLjg ofqfdf cy{ 5 . d hfg] 7fpF dnfO{ yfxf 5 . h;nfO{ k/dk|e'n] k|]d ug'{x'G5 To;}nfO{ tf8\gf lbg'x'G5, / cfkm"n] u|x0f ug'{ePsf] x/]s 5f]/fnfO{ pxfFn] b08 lbg'x'G5 — afa'n] tf8gf glbPsf] s'grflxF 5f]/f x'G5 / < -lxa|" !@M^,&_ . s] ef] < oxfF t b08sf] / tf8gfsf] s'/f kf] 5 . dfof u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ pxfFn] b08 lbg'x'G5 . glau|f];\, gd/f];\, gfz gxf];\ eg]/ pxfFn] lk6\g'x'G5 . s:tf] k|sf/n] lk6\g'x'G5 Tof] rflxF lk6fO vfg]n] g} yfxf kfpF5 . k/d]Zj/n] ltdLx¿;Fu 5f]/fnfO{ h:tf] Jojxf/ ug'{x'G5 -kb &_ of] t ;f/} v';Lsf] s'/f xf] . xfdLn] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{

20–;/n s~rg

tx nfpg'sf] nflu s] s] ug'{k5{ . klg; ug'{k5{, b08 lbg'k5{, ;Demfpg'k5{, s/fpg'k5{ . cg]s ug'{k5{ . l/; / 3[0ff u/]sf]n] xf]Og dfof u/]sf]n] xf] . To;/L g} k/d]Zj/ lktfn] klg xfdLn] af6f] la/fpg yfn]kl5 nf7L rnfpg'x'G5 . of] wd{ xf]Og . wd{df k};f;};f lt/]/, u|x bzf x]/fP/ 7Ls7fs kfg{ ;lsG5 . k/d]Zj/ lktfn] a]nfavtdf b08 lbg'x'g], ;'wfg'{x'g] dflg;x¿sf] e]nfnfO{ rr{ elgG5 . s'g} cK7]/f]df tkfO{ x'g'x'G5 < s'g} ljifodf tkfO{sf] hLjg sl7g alg/x]sf] 5 < s'g ljifodf cefj / 36L 5 < ToxL ljifoaf6 k|e'n] tkfO{nfO{ s]xL ;Demfpg rfxg' ePsf] 5 . kQf] nfpg'xf];\ . dfof u/]sf]nfO{ y}y} u5'{ eGg'ePsf] 5}g . k|]d / dfof u/]sf]nfO{ g} 9f8 ;f]em\ofpF5' eGg'ePsf] 5 . tf8gf eg]sf] ToxL xf] . k/d]Zj/ lktfn] n7\7L gprfNg' g} /fd|f] xf] . t/ n7\7L jlif{of] eg] klg xfd|f] enfO s} nflu xf] . xfdL 7Ls af6f]df cfpg'sf] nflu xf] . æhlQnfO{ d dfof u5'{, d ltgLx¿nfO{ xKsfpF5' / tf8gf lbG5' . o;sf/0f pT;lxt xf]cf] . kZrftfk u/ .Æ -k|sfz #M!(_ . lk6fO kfPkl5 kZrftfk ug'{k5{ . clg cfF;' k'5\g'k5{, wGojfb eGg'k5{ / hLjgnfO{ 7Ls af6f]df lxF8fpg'k5{ . v|Li6nfO{ k5\ofpg' ;lhnf] 5}g . k5\ofPsf] v08df kmfObf 5 . :ju{ kfpg] kmfObf .

-k9\g'xf];\, dQL &M!#,!$_

21–;/n s~rg

clxn]af6 ;r]t pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ ;a} b'Mvdf ;fGTjgf lbg'x'G5 . @ sf]l/GyL !M$ ;fGTjgf eg]sf] ;Demfpg], a'emfpg] eg]sf] . b'MvkL/ k/]sf] a]nfdf zflGt / lzIff lbg'x'G5 . b'Mv g} x6fpg] xf]Og t/ b'Mvsf] ;fy;fy zlQm / ;dem lbg'x'G5 . ;+;f/sf] kl/jf/ aLrdf h] x'G5 k/d]Zj/sf] kl/jf/df klg ToxL x'G5 . pxfF xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbg'x'G5 . t/ xfdL k/fof, lj/fgfh:tf eof}+ eg] pxfF s]xL ug{;Sg'x'Gg . h+un k:gsf] nflu, h+undf a:gsf] nflu e]8f ;[li6 ePsf] xf]Og . uf]7fnfsf] ;fydf /xgnfO{, aufnsf] ;fy /xgnfO{, uf]7 jf vf]/df a:gnfO{ xf] . k/d]Zj/ xfd|f lktf x'g'x'G5 . xfdL pxfFsf ;Gtfg xf}+ . ;Gtfg xf}+ eg] pxfFsf] 5]p a:g'k5{ . o;sf/0f cfkm}nfO{ k/d]Zj/sf] cwLgdf /fv . k/d]Zj/sf] ghLs cfcf] / pxfF ltdLx¿sf] ghLs cfpg'x'g]5 . ofs"a $M&,*. xfd|f] b'Mv cfktsf] a]nfdf ;fGTjgf / zflGt kfpgsf] nflu clg ;'/Iff / ;dem kfpgsf] nflu pxfFsf] glhs} a:g'k5{ . x]/ d rfF8} cfpFb}5' . x/]s dflg;nfO{ p;n] u/]cg';f/ lbg] k|ltkmn d;Fu 5=-k|sfz @@M!@_ . k|e' o]z" ;+;f/sf] cGTo x'g]a]nfdf km]l/ cfpg'x'G5 . o;}sf/0f of] wd{sd{sf] k"hfcfhfsf] s'/f xf]Og, k':tfb]lv

22–;/n s~rg

k':tfk':tfn] dfGg] . of] Pp6f kSsf 36gfsf] lbgnfO{ kv]{/ a:g] s'/f] xf] . pxfF cfkm\gf] Ogfd cyf{t\ k|ltkmn af]s]/ cfpg'x'Fb}5 . o;sf/0f xfdLn] o]z"sf] s'/f;Fu Vofn7§f ug'{x'Fb}g . pxfFsf] jrg afOandf ;a} s'/f 5flkPsf] 5 . pxfFsf] r]tfpgL klg ToxfF 5 clg pxfFsf] :ofaf;L klg ToxL 5flkPsf] 5 . pxfF kSsf u/L cfpg'x'g]5 . of] s'/f] pxfFn] 3/L3/L eGg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFnfO{ kq]m/, afFw]/ d[To'b08 ;'gfpg] a]nfdf pxfFn] ox'bL k|wfg k"hf/L / cu'jfx¿sf] cl3 eGg'ePsf] lyof], æca pk|fGt tkfO{x¿n] dflg;sf] k'qnfO{ ;j{zlQmdfgsf] bflxg] xftkl§ a;]sf] / cfsfzsf] afbndf cfO/xsf] b]Vg'x'g]5==Æ dQL @^M^$ . /fd|f] kmn kfpgsf] nflu xfdL clxn]b]lv ;r]t a:g'k5{ . Ogfdsf] pN6f] xf] b08 . b08 lbg] lbg klg ToxL g} xf] / Ogfd lbg] lbg klg ToxL lbg xf] . cfh xfdL d¥of}+ eg] sxfF hfG5f}+ < xfd|f] xfnt s] x'G5 < ;+;f/sf] s'/fn] dg el/Psf] 5 . afOan k9g] kfFr ldg6 ;do 5}g . x/]s lsl;sf lrhlah xfd|f] dgdf em'08]sf] 5 t/ k|fy{gf ug]{ xfdLnfO{ km";{b 5}g xf]nf . pxfFn] glrGg'ePsf] dflg;nfO{ o]z" k|e'n] cfkm\gf] 3/df s;/L :jfut ug]{ < b'j}lt/ lrgfhfgf x'gnfO{ xfdLn] gofF s/f/sf] ;';dfrf/x¿ k9\g'k5{ . pxfF;Fu a;]/ slxn] ;'vb'vsf] s'/fsfgL gug]{ dflg;nfO{ pxfFn] s;/L cfkm\gf] /fHodf k|j]z lbg] < tkfO{ cfkm} eGg'xf];\ .

23–;/n s~rg

nfh / ckdfgsf] bfd

tkfO{sf] hLjgdf kfk 5 eg] klxnf] s'/f] ;f]Rg'xf];\ Tof] kfk v'Nnf ¿kn] k|s6 ePsf] lbg tkfO{n] slt e+os/ nfh / z/dsf] ;fdgf ug'{k5{ . 7"nf] Psl;8]g x'G5 . Ps hgf O;fO{ cu'jfnfO{ ;f]lwof], æs'g s'/f]n] tkfO{nfO{ of] kfkaf6 /f]Sg] lyof] <Æ Jolerf/df km;]sf / kqmf k/]sf tL kf:6/sf] pQ/ o:tf] lyof],æd]/f] nflu, d]/f] kl/jf/sf] nflu clg d]/f k|e'sf] lglDt d}n] olt 7"nf] nfh / ckdfgsf] bfd ltg'{k5{ egL klxn] hfg]sf] eP d of] kfkdf km:g] lyOgF .Æ klxn] g} hfg]sf] eP . ca cfh, sf]xL kf7s x'g'x'G5 < sf]xL JolQm x'g'x'G5 h;nfO{ of] r]tfpgL clxn] rflxPsf] 5 < tkfO{nfO{ yfxf eof] . /f]k]sf] lap g} pd|G5 . sf]/]sf] ;nfO{n] cfuf] aN5 . lxnf]df pk|mFbf sk8fdf

24–;/n s~rg

l56f nfU5 . /S;L vfP dft nfU5 . dft nfu] b'3{6gf x'G5, b'3{6gf eP rf]6 nfU5, ckfË klg algG5 ;fob . o;f] ubf{ p;f] x'G5 . of}g jf ;]S; Pp6f dft xf] . Tof] r9\b}hfG5 clg /f]Sg ;lsFb}g . cfh ;dflnof] eg] ef]ln zflGt x'G5 . xf]Og eg] s;}n] arfpg g;Sg] l:yltdf k'luG5 . k/d]Zj/nfO{ kfk / Jolerf/ dgkb}{g . k'/fgf] s/f/sf] ;dob]lv gofF s/f/df cem ;kmf u/L of] ljifonfO{ lj/f]w ul/Psf] 5 . df]afOnaf6 P;PdP;, Rof6, km];a's, OG6g]{6sf nfOgx¿ tkfO{sf] lglDt v'Nnf 5g\ . sf/ / df]6/;fOsn klg xf]nfg\ . sDKo"6/, df]afOn, sf/, df]6/;fOsnnfO{ c;n sfddf jf unt sfddf k|of]u ug'{ tkfO{sf] xftdf 5 . s;}n] rfn kfpFb}g, clncln rN5, ;a}n] u5{g\ . o;f] eGg] w]/} 5g\ . Tof] dfG5] 1fgL xf] h;n] eG5 d]/f] hLjgsf] k'ln; d} x'F . gq d rf]/ aG5', ck/fwL aG5', Jolerf/L aG5' . z}tfgn] Ps lbg pDsg g;Sg] u/L km;fpg;S5 . ;dfhnfO{ x;fpFg;S5 . tkfO{n] ;fyL ;Dem]sf] dfG5] t zq'sf] ¿kdf dl/dl/ xfF;]/ pk|]msf] tkfO{n] b]Vg'knf{ tkfO{sf] b'Mvsf] lbgdf . clkm;sf], ;+:yfsf] cyjf csf{sf] k};f p7fpg] dfG5]n] k|fo ;f]R5, æs;}n] yfxf kfPgÆ . t/ p;n] t yfxf kfof] . cfkm\g} gh/df pm s] xf] < kz' xf] < c¿n] yfxf kfP rf]/ d}n] dfq yfxf kfpFbf ;Hhg < rfn gkfP;Dd 7Ls} 5, kqmf gvfP;Dd,k"hL{ gsf6];Dd rN5 .

25–;/n s~rg

t/ of] s'/f] afOan;Fu ldNb}g . c¿n] h:t} ug]{ / c¿n] h:t} ;f]Rg] gSsnL dfG5] aGg tkfO{ / d of] ;+;f/df k}bf ePsf] xf]Og . ;dfh O{Zj/ xf]Og . rng b]jtf xf]Og . ;an] u5{ egL ;asf] kl5kl5 nfUg] tkfO{ csf{sf] gsn ug{ algPsf] hf]s/ xf]Og . cfkm"nfO{ cfkm}n] sf]/f{ xfGg'k5{ / cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ OHht ug'{k5{ . gofF s/f/ af]N5, z}tfgn] xfdLnfO{ km;fpg gkfcf];\ . 9f]sf / r's'n xfd|f] xftdf 5 . Tof] vf]Nof}+ eg]+ lbofan; xf, xf xf, xfF:b} xfd|f] hLjgdf k:5 clg xfdLnfO{ gfz kfg]{ sfdsf] yfngL u5{ . xfd|} 3/ sf]7f / kl/jf/df 9'Ss k;]/ xfd|f] gfz u5{ . o;sf/0f nfdv'§] k:g] hqf] Kjfn xf] ls, sf/ / 6«s g} k:g] u/L v'lnPsf] 9f]sf xf];\ ljgfz cfpg] g} 5 . s'g k|sf/sf] nfkjf{xLn] tkfO{nfO{ 8'afpg nfu]sf] 5 ofb ug'{xf];\ . kljq cfTdf;Fu em"6 af]Ng] s'/f z}tfgn] s;/L ltd|f] dgdf el/lbof] < . ltdLn] dflg;x¿nfO{ t xf]Og t/ k/d]Zj/nfO{ g} 9fF6]sf 5f}+ -k|]l/t %M#,$_ . gofF s/f/ eG5, lbofan;sf] lj/f]w u/ / Tof] ltdLx¿af6 efUg]5 . ofs"adf elgPsf] of] s'/f] ;fFrf] xf] . lj/f]w eg]sf] To;nfO{ xsf/]/ xf]Og, em6f/f] xfg]/ xf]Og . tkfO{sf] lj?4df kfk gu¿F eg]/ tkfO{sf] jrg d}n] d]/f] x[bodf ;'/lIft /fv]sf] 5' . d'lQmsf] 6f]k nufcf], kljq cfTdfsf] t/jf/ n]cf], hf]rflxF k/d]Zj/sf] jrg xf] . lj/f]w ug]{ / kfk gug]{ pkfo xf] jrgnfO{ k9\g] clg dg, duhdf eg]{ . Tof] dflg; wGo xf] hf] k/dk|e'sf] Joj:yfdf

26–;/n s~rg

g} v'zL /xG5, lbg/ft pxfFsf] Joj:yfdf dgg u5{ . ==-@ sf]l/GyL @M!!, ofs"a $M&, ehg;+u|x !!(M!!, Plkm;L ^M!&, ehg;+u|x !M@_ . z}tfgnfO{ eufpg] / lj/f]w ug]{ pkfo afOan cWoog g} xf] . k9\g' xf];\, s/fP/ klg k9\g' /fd|f] xf] . ls r'krfk Wofg nfP/ k9\g'xf];\, tkfO{sf] v';L . clg x]g'{xf];\ hLjgdf cfPsf] ;'wf/ . h] u5f}{+ To;sf] kmn ef]Ug]5f}+ . afOan jrg k9\of}+ eg] ;'/lIft x'g]5f}+ . afOan jrgnfO{ cfTdfsf] t/jf/ To;} eg]sf] xf]Og . h'g t/jf/ hjfg o]z"n] klg rnfpg'ef] . s:tf] cj:yfdf rnfpg'ef] < ha pkjf;sf] ef]s / Kof;n] ;fob 7Ls;Fu pleg] / af]Ng] an klg pxfF;Fu lyPg .

v/fa afgL v/fa afgL l;Sg, ljsf; ug{ Psbd ;lhnf] 5 . tkfO{n] l5§} / ;lhn} v/fa afgL l;Sg ;Sg'x'G5 . o:tf] afgL l;Sg s'g} d"No r'sfpg' kb}{g . v/fa afgLx¿ z/L/sf s'OR5f / t'?Gt dhf cfpg] sfd;Fu hf]l8Psf x'G5g\ . kfkL dflg; x/]s s'/f l56f] / z/L/sf lglDt dfq rfxG5 , c;n afgL ljsf; ug{ hlt dxTjk"0f{ -h¿/L_ 5 To;} u/L v/fa afgL x6fpg' klg dxTjk"0f{ -h¿/L_ 5 . v/fa afgLn] dfG5]sf] z/L/, af}l4s zlQm –lbdfu_, rl/q ;a} e|i6 / gfz x'G5 . afnaflnsfx¿ t'?Gt v/fa afgL l;S5g\ . em"6 af]N5g\, rf]/L lgGbf, s'jfSo, c6]/L ug]{, lh:Sofpg], efUg], cfkm\gf] a9fOF ug]{, :s'nsf] u[xsfo{ gug]{, ukm ug]{, dgk/L vr{ ug]{, lkpg]—tfGg] cflb cg]s k|sf/sf s'/fx¿ gsn ug{ pgLx¿ kl5 kb}{gg\ . -xfe]{:6 k/fdz{ k|f=ln= )^&, kf:6/Lo ;]jf;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ lzIff / sfhuhkqx¿, 8f ltdf]yL cof{n, k]h #(,$), xn'sf ;Dkfbg;lxt_

27–;/n s~rg

dfkmL lbg'x'G5 /< k/d]Zj/ s[kf ug'{x'G5, k/d]Zj/ k|]dL x'g'x'G5 . k/d]Zj/ dfkmL lbg'x'G5 . k/d]Zj/nfO{ dfkmL dfu] x'G5 . kfk Ifdf kfOG5 . of] ;To xf]Og .

xf]l;of/ . dg nfP/, dHhfn] kfk ug]{ clg xNsf Ifdfsf] zAb;Fu xf]l;of/ . kfksf] Ifdf kfOG5 . t/ kfksf] kZrftfk x'g}k5{ . kZrftfk eg]sf] dfkmL dfUg' xf]Og . kfknfO{ TofUg' / km]l/ To;df gnfUg' xf] . kfk, Jolerf/, s'+;ut, s'ntdfly xNsf d':sfg;Fu xf]Og, bf/f ls6]/, eSsflgP/, cfF;' emf/]/, t;]{/, efu]/, Tofu]/, /f]P/, Roft]/ cnu x'g}k5{ . lSnlgsdf ug]{ ;fgf] 8«]l;Ë xf]Og d]h/ ck/]Zfg xf] . ToxL xf] kZrftfk . blIf0flt/ nfu]sf] dfG5] cln cln k"j{lt/ nfu]sf] xf]Og . k"/} kmgSs kms]{/ pQ/lt/ nfUg' xf] . kZrftfk u/]/ k/d]Zj/lt/ kms{ / cfkm\gf kZrftfk of]Uosf] sfd u/ eg]/ d}n] k|rf/ u/]+, kZrftfk ;'xfpFbf] kmn kmnfcf], -k|]l/t @^M@), n"sf #M*_ . s;}nfO{ af6f]df cGhfgsf] wSsf nfu]/ ;/L eg]sf] h:tf] xf]Og . :ju{sf] k/d]Zj/;Fu n8fOF xf] . k/d]Zj/sf] lj/f]wdf u/]sf] gf/fafhL xf] clg pxfFsf] lj?4sf] qmflGt xf], o'4 xf] . olb kfk, k|e'sf] lj?4sf] o'4 / cfGbf]ng xf] eg] xfdL kljq k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd' 6'lqmg' k5{ . kZrftfksf] tfkn] kf]Ng' k5{ . wf]vfdf gk/, k/d]Zj/sf] 7§f x'Fb}g, lsgeg] dflg;n] h]

28–;/n s~rg

/f]Kt5 To;}sf] s6gL klg ug]{5 . h;n] cfkm\gf] kfkdo :jefjsf] lglDt /f]Kt5 To;n] cfkm\gf] kfkdo :jefjaf6 g} ;j{gfzsf] s6gL ug]{5, -unftL ^M&,*_ . kZrftfk gug]{n] /flt / lbgdf 9f]sf v'Nnf /fVb}5 clg p;sf] hLjgdf Ps lbg 7"nf] xdnf x'g]5 . ;j{gfz x'g]5 . oxfF Pp6f 8/nfUbf] s'/f] 5 . kfksf] cfbt k/]kl5 x[bo 9'Ëf x'G5 . kZrftfk ef]ln u5'{, kl;{ u5'{ eGg' wf]sf xf] . dg 9'Ëf ePkl5 cfFvf cGwf] x'G5, sfg a}/f] x'G5 clg v'§fn] htfefjL 6]SgyfN5 . vf8ndf hflsg' l;jfo csf]{ rf/f x'Fb}g . Pp6f egfO 5, ækfkn] xfdLnfO{ hfg rfx]sf] eGbf w]/} 6f9f nfG5 . a:g rfx]sf] eGbf cem nfdf] ;do a;fpF5, ltg{ rfx]sf] eGbf stf xf] stf rsf]{ bfd lt/fpF5 ==.Æ wf]vf gvfcf] —cg}ltsx¿, d"lt{k"hsx¿, Jolerf/Lx¿, ;dlnËLx¿, k'?ifufdLx¿, rf]/x¿, nf]eLx¿, dtjfnfx¿, lgGbf ug]{x¿, n'6fxfx¿ k/d]Zj/sf] /fHosf] xsbf/ x'g]5}gg\ == -! sf]l/GyL ^M(,!)_ . xfd|f] rfxgf cfkm\Gt / kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ rf]6 k'¥ofpg] xf]Og . xfd|f] OR5f k|e'sf] dg b'vfpg] / k|e'sf] ;]jfnfO{ eTsfpg] / abgfd ug]{ xf]Og . xfdLn] kfPsf] lhDdf / :juL{o af]nfj6nfO{ xNsf ;Demg] xf]Og . xfd|f] OR5f k[YjLdf k|e' o]z"sf] gfdnfO{ kljq t'Nofpg] / dgkbf]{, e/kbf]{ agfpg]

xf] . t/ kfkdf nflu/xg] xf] eg] Pslbg ;fFRr} klx/f] hfg]5, eOFrfnf] hfg]5 / ;a} s'/f rSgfr'/ agL 9Ng]5 . xfdLn] af6f] u'dfPsf 5f}+ eg]

29–;/n s~rg

af6f] o]z" x'g'x'G5 . 9f]sf klg pxfF x'g'x'G5 . clg Ifdfsf] Åbo / clwsf/ lnP/ pxfF klv{/xg' ePsf] 5 . d, d, d eGg] :jfyL{ ljrf/ g} 7"nf] vt/f xf] . d]/f] v'zL xf], d]/f] pQ]hgf, d]/f] ;DaGw, d]/f] dHhf, d]/f] OR5f, d]/f] sNkgf, d]/f] of]hgf, d]/f] nfOkm xf] . of] d, d, d]/f], dnfO{n] cGTodf ;Tofgfzdf k'¥ofpg cl3 g} ulx/f], uDeL/ ;f]r ug'{k5{ . æd]/f] hLjgsf] d]/f] v'zLÆ eGg]n] cflTds hLjgsf] 3fF6Ldf 8f]/L ;'sf{pFb}5 . olb tkfO{ cfkm" v'zL ug{ nfUg' ePsf] 5 eg] afOansf] jrgx¿ t'?Gt} k9\gyfNg'xf];\ . jrg k9\g yfNof}+ eg] kljq cfTdfn] xfdLnfO{ gofF ;f]r lbg;Sg'x'G5 . afFRg] / pDsg] pkfo lbg;Sg'x'G5 . ;do 5'6\ofpg'xf];\ . gtLhf ;f]Rg'xf];\ . bfd / d"No slt rsf]{ x'g;S5 uDg'xf];\ . k|e' xfdLnfO{ :ju{ lbg cfpg'ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] lsg gs{ /f]Hg] < o;sf/0f kljq cfTdf eGg'x'G5, cfh ltdLx¿n] pxfFsf] zAb ;'Gof} eg], phf8 :yfgdf k/LIffsf] ;dodf ljb|f]xsf lbgdf u/]h:tf] cfkm\gf x[bonfO{ s7f]/ gkf/ . efO xf], xf]z u/, ltdLx¿dWo] s;}df ePsf] b'i6 / cljZjf;L x[bon] ltdLx¿nfO{ hLljt k/d]Zj/af6 6f9f gn}hfcf];\, hLljt k/d]Zj/sf] xftdf kg'{ 8/nfUbf] s'/f] xf] . ltdLx¿n] k|fy{gfdf cfkm\gf xft k;fbf{ d d]/f cfFvf 5f]Kg]5' . ltdLx¿n] Hofb} k|fy{gf ubf{ klg d ;'Gg]5}g . ltdLx¿sf xft /utn el/Psf 5g\ . cfkm"nfO{ wf]P/ rf]vf] kf/ . d]/f] gh/af6 ltdLx¿sf b'i6 sfdx¿ kmflnb]cf] . v/faL ug{ 5f]8 ==-lxa|" #M&,!@, !)M#!, oz}of !M!%,!^_ .

30–;/n s~rg

cfzf gdfg'{xf];\ — cfzf 5 === cfkm"nfO{ c;kmntfaf6 p7fpg'k5{ . nl8/xg] xf]Og . klxn] ;f]Rg'xf];\ b'3{6gf s;/L eof] < s] uNtL ef] < cfkm"nfO{ ;fFrf] u/L atfpg'xf];\ cfkm"n] u/]sf] bf]if / uNtLx¿ s] s] x'g\ . Odfgbf/ eO{ cfkm\gf] e'n, kfk, bf]ifnfO{ km]l/ dgdf bf]xf]¥ofpg'xf];\ . To;/L cfkm"nfO{ g9fF6L ;f]lrof] eg] ToxL uNtL km]l/ gbf]]xf]¥ofpg' ;lhnf] x'G5 . To;kl5 csf]{ sbd p7fpg;lsG5 . bf];|f] s'/f], cfkm"nfO{ bf]iofP/, y's]/, lwSsf/, lwSsf/ eg]/ gv;fpg'xf];\ . c;kmntfaf6 p7\g] xf] eg], km]nsf] vf8naf6 p7\g] xf] eg] cfkm"nfO{ alnof] agfpg' l;Sg'k5{ . cfkm"nfO{ 3/L3/L bf]if lbP/ leqleq b08, ;hfo glbg'xf];\ . k/d]Zj/nfO{ an dfUg'xf];\ . alnof] aGg'xf];\ . kfk / ck/fwaf6 Ifdf dfUg'xf];\ . l5, l5, daf6 s:tf] uNtL eof] To:tf] gug'{kg]{ lyof] egL tkfO{n] ;f]lr;Sg'ePsf] 5 . cfkm"nfO{ glu/fpg'xf];\ . k'/fgf] bf]ifnfO{ / e'nnfO{ ca gbf]xf]¥ofpg] egL ;kmf lg0f{o lng'xf];\ . k|e' o]z"nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;d:of, kfk, uNtLsf] af/]df k"/f] s'/f ;'gfpg'xf];\ clg k"/f dgn]

31–;/n s~rg

Tof] sfdnfO{ 3[0ff ug'{xf];\ / gofF af6f] /f]Hg'xf];\ . tkfO{nfO{ 5'6fpg] vf; JolQm g} o]z" x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] cfkm\gf] d[To'df ;a}sf] b08 ef]lulbg'ePsf] 5 . To;}sf/0f pxfFnfO{ atfpg' ;'xfpF5 . pxfFn] klg kfk Ifdf ug]{ clwsf/ kfpg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFn] Psrf]6L eGg'eof], æP dflg;, ltd|f kfk Ifdf eof] . dflg;sf] k'qnfO{ k[YjLdf kfk Ifdf ug]{ clwsf/ 5 eGg] ltdLx¿ hfg .Æ -–n"sf %M@),@$_ . o:tf] clwsf/ ePsf] k|e'sxfF hfg'xf];\ / ;a} s'/f l86]ndf s]xL g/fvL eGg'xf];\ . æxfd|f k|wfg k"hfxf/L xfd|f] xfd|f] b'a{ntfdf xfdL;Fu ;xfg'e"lt b]vfpg g;Sg] x'g'x'Gg . t/ xfdLh:t} pxfF ;a} s'/fdf k/LlIf x'g'eof] / klg kfk/lxt x'g'x'GYof] . o;sf/0f ;fx;;Fu cg'u|xsf] l;+xf;g ghLs hfcf]+ / vfFrf]sf] ;dodf ;xfot kfpgnfO{ s[kf / cg'u|x k|fKt ug{;sf}+,Æ -lxa|" $M!%,!^_ . lxhf]nfO{ e'Ng'xf];\ . lxhf] ca 5}g . gePsf] lxhf]sf] 8f]sf]nfO{ dfYnf] u/faf6 l3;f/]/ NofO lgwf/df gfDnf] 6fn]/ lkl7pFdf ;lsg;sL cfh lsg prfNg] < d"v{tf aGb ug'{xf];\ . Tof] gefsf] 8f]sf] km]lslbg'xf];\ . ef]ln, ef]ln g} cfpF5 . To;nfO{ ef]ln, kl;{sf] tNnf] 3f/Laf6 cfhdf tfgLNofP/ lsg æcfhnfO{Æ a/

32–;/n s~rg

afb kfg]{ < lxhf] uO;Sof], ef]ln cfs} 5}g . cfh t cfh dfq 5 . cfhdf k"/ f afFRg'xf];\, sfd ug'{xf];\, v';L x'g'xf];\, Jo:t aGg'xf];\ . cfh, ef]lnsf] nflu klg c;n of]hgf agfpg'xf];\ . lxhf]df cfF;' emf/]/ ysysL dfg]/, ef]lnsf] lk/}, lk/ clg lrGtfn] cfhnfO{ vtd gkfg'{xf];\ . tkfO{sf] clg d]/f] clg xfdL k|To]ssf] lglDt cfzf 5 . t];|f] sbd M gofF ;f]r / ljrf/ hf]8h'n'dn] dgdf u'~hfpg'xf];\ . h'g uNtL ePsf] 5 To;sf] pN6f] ;f]r ug'{xf];\ . s'g} ;'Gb/ ;f]rdf 8'Ag'xf];\ . MgofF sfdx¿ ug'{xf];\ . Tof] k'/fgf] afgL jf kfk jf b'3{6gfsf] ;Demgf d]6fpg] sfdx¿ z'? ug'{xf];\ . k|]/0ff lbg;Sg] dflg;x¿nfO{ e]6\g'xf];\ . lstfa k9\g'xf];\ . c;n lstfa, klqsf, k9g'xf];\ . ;ef, ;]ldgf/x¿df hfg'xf];\ . afOansf] Pp6f kfgfnfO{ bzrf]6L eP klg s/fP/ k9\g'xf];\ . zlQm ;lhn} k|fKt x'g]5 . k|fy{gfdf / Wofgdf ;do latfpg'xf];\ . zfl/l/s ¿kdf yfSg] sfdx¿ ug'{xf];\ . 3/, sf]7f ldnfpg'xf];\ . c¿nfO{ dbt lbg'xf];\ . o;/L hLjgaf6 /fd|f] u'0f, rl/q, ;]jf b]vfpg'nfO{ k|folZrt elgG5 .

33–;/n s~rg

clGtd s'/f] M 8/nfO{ bdg ug'{xf];\ . 8/nfO{ lhTg'xf];\ . xfF:g'xf];\ . afOansf oL jrgx¿nfO{ s/fP/ k9\g'xf];\ / ljZjf; ug'{xf];\, k|e' o]z"n] eGg'eof], -o;nfO{ ;f]/ vf]n]/ k9\g'xf];\_ ddf /xf] / d ltdLx¿df /xG5' . h;/L xfFuf bfvfsf] af6df /x]g eg] Tof] cfkm}n] kmn kmnfpg' ;Sb}g To;/L ltdLx¿ ddf /x]gf} eg] ltdLx¿n] klg ;Sb}gf}+ . sf]xL dflg; ddf /x]g eg] Tof] xfFufem}+ aflx/ ldNsfOG5, / Tof] ;'lsxfN5 . ltdLx¿ ddf /x\of} eg] / d]/f s'/f -jrg_ ltdLx¿df /x] eg] ltdLx¿nfO{ h] OR5f nfU5 dfu, / Tof] ltdLx¿sf lglDt ul/g] 5 . ;fgf afnsx¿, ltdLx¿ pxfFdf /lx/xf] tfls pxfF k|s6 x'g'x'Fbf xfdLdf lxDdt xf];\, / pxfFsf] cfudgdf pxfFsf] ;fd'Gg] xfdLnfO{ zdf{pg gk/f];\ . -k/dk|e' eGg'x'G5_ tF kfgLaf6 eP/ hfFbf d t]/f] ;fydf x'g]5' . tF gbLx¿af6 eP/ hfFbf ltgn] tFnfO{ 8'afpg] 5}gg\ . tF cfuf]af6 lxF8]/ hfFbf 89g]5}g;\ . To;sf] Hjfnfn] tFnfO{ eid ug]{5}g . o"xGgf !%M$,^,& !o"xGgf @M@*. oz}of $#M@ .

34–;/n s~rg

;f]Rb} hfFbf æo; bnsf] -v|Li6bn_sf] ljifodf xfdLnfO{ oltdfq yfxf 5 ls htftt} dflg;x¿ o;sf] lj?4df dfq} af]Nb5g\ .Æ -gofF s/f/ k|]l/t @*M@!_

of] s'/f] @))) jif{cl3 elgPsf] xf] . /f]dsf v|Li6 gdfGg] ox'bLx¿n] Ps v|Li6 ljZjf;L s}bLnfO{ eg]sf] s'/f] xf] . tL s}bL cfkm\gf] ljZjf;sf] af/]df clkn u/]/ /f]dL ;d|f6sf] cbfntdf k'u]sf lyP / v|Li6 dfGg]x¿nfO{

ToxfFsf hgtfn] klg lj/f]w ubf{ /}5g\ egL o;/L yfxf kfPsf lyP . g]kfndf klqsfaf6 jf efif0faf6 ls t ukmx¿df v|Li6sf ljZjf;Lx¿nfO{ ljleGg bf]if, cf/f]k nufOG5 . To;df xfdL b'MvL x'g'x'Fb}g clg ckm;f]; dfGg' x'Fb}g . cfxf afOan k"/f eof], afOan

;fFrf] /x]5 eg]/ v'zL x'g'k5{ . t/ l;l8cf], k|wfgdGqLx¿n] jf s'g} 7"nf dflg;n] klqsfn] :jfut / ;Ddfg u¥of] eg] xf]l;of/ x'g'k5{ . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] OHhtsf] nflu ljleGg ;d'bfox¿nfO{ lxhf]cfh ;Ddfg b]vfpFb}5g\ . of] Pp6f kf]lnl6sn v]n xf] . em'lSsg' x'Fb}g . Pp6f pbfx/0f lbpmF —vt/gfs / sRrL 6x/f] elTsP/ w]/}sf] k|f0f uof] . O;fO{x¿sf] ;Dd]ng eg]/ s;}nfO{ sfjf{xL ePg . d}n] a'lemgF, pgLx¿n] O;fO{sf] dg gb'vfPsf] <

35–;/n s~rg

uNtL gb]v]sf] < b]Vg grfx]sf] < d[tssf] d[TonfO{ xNsf ;Dem]sf] < s]xL a'lemPg . kfnf]kfnf]sf] le cfO kL hd36n] Tof] nfkjf{xLsf] r/d b'3{6gf t g]tfsf] kmf]6f] lvrfOsf] cj;/ kf] aGof] . /fhgLlt ug]{nfO{ Ps c;n h'jf8] ;Demg'xf];\ . af]nL / efiff clg s"6gLltsf] tf; v]Ng] h'jf8] . cfh tkfO{sf] ef]6 pgLx¿sf] nflu d"Nojfg ag]sf] 5 . v|Li6 dfGg], afOan k9\g]x¿sf] aLrdf klg pgLx¿ kk'n/ aGg dfU5g\ . lsgeg] b]zljb]zdf pgLx¿n] xfdL 5'jf5't dfGb}gf}+ egL b]vfpg' k/]sf] 5 . 6]lnlehgdf b]lvg' k/]sf] 5 . ef]ln kmgSs kms]{/ cfhsf km"ndfnf Hofg lng] sfF8f gagf];\ . /fhgLlt / wd{ eg]sf] cfkm"nfO{ kmfObf eO~h]n dfG5]sf] k|of]u ug]{ ;'Gb/ cf]nlDks xf] . gf}nf] hdfgfsf] gf}nf] v]nrflxF afln3/] k|yfdfly nufPsf] /fd|f] sf]6 k}G6 xf] . /fhgLlt, x]bf{ r}+ lgSs} cfbz{ / uDeL/ x'G5 . t/ of] v]n} xf] . v]n / gf6s gePsf] eP k'nx¿ algg] lyP, ;8sx¿ kSsL x'Gy], ;+ljwfg sf]l/GYof], a'xf/Lsf] xTof x'Gy]g, ;8s b'3{6gf x'Gy]g, lala;Lsf] æ;femf ;jfnÆ rflxGy]g, blnt eGg] zAb x'Gy]g, ljBf dx+uf], nf]8;]8 ;:tf], kfgLsf] xfxfsf/ x'Gy]g\, sflGtk'/n] z'qmaf/sf] lbg æ;fKtflxsÆ h:tf] gfËf] klqsf v'n]cfd a]r]/ 3/3/nfO{ aaf{b ug]{ y]g . ;f]Rg'xf]; g ldq . s;}nfO{ dfG5] guGg], hghflt lj/f]wLx¿, dlw;]nfO{ kz' Jojxf/, rr{sf lj/f]wLx¿, blntnfO{ y'Sg] / ljsf;sf] /sd kfls6df xfNg]x¿ s;/L

36–;/n s~rg

dfcf]jfbL cfP/ gofF, cfw'lgs efiff af]Ng' lalQs} kmgSs kms]{/ xtf/ xtf/ ;Eo ag], nf]stGq cKgfO6f]kn] < bzf}+ k':tf e]befj dfg]/ rf/ lbgdf 8]df]qm]l6s < xf, xf, xf To:tf] hfb' x'g;Sb}g . sxL+ klg x'g ;Sb}g . k':tf}+k':tf uDeL/ ¿kn] hftkft, /fhf, wd{, eujfg / zf:qsf] cf8df dUg cs}{ efsfdf lhpg]n] æ;o y'+uf km"nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnfÆ ;fFrf] dgn] eGg ;S5 < k|df0f rflxG5 . uLt ufP/ x'Gg . h] ub}{5g\ ul/6f]kn]sf x'g\ . uDg'k5{ . efif0fdf s] eGof] clg clkm; uP/ s] u¥of] To;sf] vf]hL ug'{k5{ . sfd x]/]/ Tof] JolQm g]tf xf] ls c;n snfsf/ xf] lg0f{o ug'{k5{ . dnfO{ cleg]tf rflxPsf] xf] ls g]tf, d}n] lg0f{o ug'{k5{ . csf]{ k|df0f / pbfx/0f M alnbfgsf] ;Gb]zn] ;lHhPsf, hgtfsf] nflu k|f0f u'dfpg] cfznfUbf dfcf]jfbLx¿ s;/L cfh ck/fw, sn+s / wg;DklQsf] df]xdf n6kl6P/ abgfd eP < b]znfO{ wf]sf ePg / < dg]{nfO{ / dfg]{nfO{ wf]sf ePg / < 3/hUuf, v]taf/L, cfkmGt u'dfpg]x¿, ckfË x'g]x¿nfO{ k':tf}+sf] gf]S;fgL ePg / < t/ To;sf] n]vfhf]vf 5}g hxfFaf6 dfg sdfpg' ;lsG5 ToxfF uP/ cfh klg g]tf d':s'/fpg'x'G5 . dgleq tkfO{nfO{ ufnL ub}{ eP klg . bfd sdfpg' ;lsG5 eg] / kf]lh;gdf k'luG5 eg] pgLx¿ slthgf, æhgugdg

37–;/n s~rg

/ >Ldfg uDeL/Æ sf] ;'/df ufpg' tof/ aGg'x'G5 . ca ;f]rf}+ bf]if s;sf] < g]tfsf] < ls pgLx¿nfO{ g]tf dfg]/ hoho ug]{sf] < v|Li6 /fHodf cf:yf x'g]x¿n] cfkm\gf] dfg, dof{bf / prfOnfO{ e'Ng' x'Fb}g . 6]lnlehgsf] kbf{df 3/L3/L b]lvPsf] cg'xf/nfO{ ;Totf / g}ltstfsf] t/fh'df hf]Vb} ug'{k5{ . gofFgofF gf6s xn v'n]sf 5g\ t/ l6s6 sfl6xfNg' h¿/L 5}g . cl:t t ;f/} ef] . cfkm\gf] efjgfnfO{ Sofd]/f / kqsf/sf] cl3 t ;dfn]sf lyP . t/ ævf;Æ rl/qaf6 ljjz agL kf6L{ clwj]zgsf] uf]Ko rf/lbjf/leq s';L{x¿sf] em6f/f] xfgL k7fP . sG6«f]n} ug{ ;s]gg\ . kf]lnl6sn :jefjsf c:jfefljs cjtf/x¿ xfdL o;/L b]Vg kfpF5f}+ . o]z" v|Li6df cf:yf /fVg] ldq xf], xf]l;of/ . dflg;dfly e/f];f gb]vfcf] eg]/ jflg{u lbPsf] k':tsnfO{ e'n]/ cfkm\gf] ljZjf;nfO{ / v|Li6;Fusf] eljionfO{ a/afb gug'{xf];\ . k|e' v|Li6n] kms]{/ cfpF5' eGg' ePsf] 5 / O{Zj/sf] /fHo klxn] vf]hL u/ eGg'ePsf] 5 . oL s'/fnfO{ slxNo} ge'nf}+ . j:tLsf] klx/f] yfdy'd kfg{ ;lsG5 t/ cf:yfsf] klx/f]nfO{ s;/L ldnfpg] < h'jf8] g]tfx¿n] v|Li6 d08nLsf cu'jfx¿nfO{ klg /fhgLltsf] uf]6L agfpg nfu]sf 5g\ . xf]l;of/ . gofF s/f/sf] k|lt1f / k|lta4tfnfO{ e'n]/ – v|Li6 o]z"sf] jrg / alnbfgnfO{ e'n]/ cfh;Dd hgtfnfO{ kjf{x gug]{ k'/fg} k':tfsf g]tfx¿;Fu ldt]/L ;fOgf] nfpgfn] rr{sf] eljio w/fkdf

38–;/n s~rg

gk/f];\ . xfdLnfO{ kljq cfTdf k7fOlbg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFsf] d2t dfu]/ xfdL k|fy{gf ug{ ;S5f}+ / ;ljwfg;efdf rf/ jif{sf] sn+s / bfu nfu]sf dflg;x¿;Fu 3'nldn x'g' 7Ls xf] ls xf]Og Psrf]6L v|Li6 k|e'nfO{ ;f]Wg;S5f}+ .

tkfO{n] af]Ng gx'g] s'/fx¿k/d]Zj/sf] gfpF Joy{df glng"k|:yfg @)M&, pkb]zs %M!—&, k/d]Zj/sf clelifSt hgsf] lj?4 gaf]Ng"ehg !)%M!%, ! Oltxf; !^M@@, ! zd"Pn @^M&—!!, uGtL !@M!—!#cfkm\gf] k|z+;f cfkm}n] gug"{

@ sf]l/GyL !)M!*, lxtf]kb]z @&M@, @%M@&uf]Kotf eË gug"{lxtf]kb]z @%M(, n]jL !(M!^—!*cfkm"n] ghfg]sf] s'/f gaf]Ng"pkb]zs %M&, @ ltdf]yL @M!$—!&, ox"bf !M*cfkm"n] kfngf gu/]sf s'/f gaf]Ng"dQL %M!&—@), k|]l/t @)#@, ! ltdf]yL !M ^,&xf], xf]OgeGbf a9L gaf]Ng"ofs"a %M!@, ! ly;nf]lgsL @M%, lxtf]kb]z @^M@*cfkm"n] af]n]sf] s'/f gab\ng"ehg !%M$, pkb]zs %M$—&, Joj:yf @#M@!;Demf}tf gug{" jf jfrf gafFWg"k|:yfg @#M#@, oxf]z" (M!$—@), lxtf]kb]z ^M!—%-xfe]{:6 k/fdz{ k|f=ln= )^&, kf:6/Lo ;]jf;DaGwL dxTjk"0f{ lzIff / sfhuhkqx¿, ;+sng 8f ltdf]yL cof{n, k]h $_

39–;/n s~rg

P ;fFOnf] xf}d]h/ M P ;fFOnf], ltd|f] gofF s/f/ kN6fPF, k9]+, a'em]+, x]/], ;f]r]+, clg rfOg] 5f]6s/Ldf eGbf agsf] r/f], /fd|f], gofF s/f/ w]/} /fd|f];fFOnf] M v'k a'em]5f}, v'k l;s]5f} ===

d]h/ M s] eG5 of] ;fFOnf] . ;fFOnf] M P d]h/ bfO nf:6 eGb}5' x} . ltdLn] gofF s/f/sf] cl3 lsg ltd|f] eg]sf] < Tof] d]/f] xf] <d]h/ M n, n, ;/L ca ltdLaf6 k}+rf] n]sf]n] klg xf]nf . t/ d}n] b]v] of] ;+;f/sf] ;a} dfG5]sf] nflu a/fa/L lx;fan] n]v]sf] k':ts /}5 . ;a} hfltn] xfd|f] eGg' ldNg] /5 . /fd|f] ==clg xfd|f] ===;fFOnf] M lsg lg < k}n] r}+ s;sf] egL ;f]Rof Yof} d]h/ bfOd]h/ M agsf] r/f], d]/f] afafn] eGg'x'GYof] 5f]/f] g]kfn xNnf / x'FOofdf afFRof 5 . ;f]r]/, cfkm} ud]/ afFRg' x}, t}+n] Tof] e"n gu/\, lubL rnf . csf{sf] duhsf] gf;f] / k}+rf]df gafFr . xfpFu'hLdf g8/f . csf{sf] efiffsf] gsn gu/\ eGg'x'GYof] ò;fFOnf] M pxfF s] ug{x'GYof] <d]h/ M x]/ ;fFOnf], cfkm\gf] hdfgfsf] nflu pxfFn] g]kfnL ;+;f/df g} nf]enfUbf], t;f{pg] 7"nf] sfd ug'{x'GYof] .

40–;/n s~rg

;fFOnf] M sf7df8f} b/jf/lt/ xf] ls Sof xf] a'jfsf] hflu/ <d]h/ M P agsf] r/f], ltDnfO{ a'l4dfg eg]sf] t, ltdL klg n7Ssnfn} /}5f};fFOnf] M lsg < lsg <d]h/ M xfd|f] hftn] b/jf/df v'§f] xfNg kfpF5 < P ufF7] s:tf] agsf] r/f], pg]n]{ ltd|f ===rfOg] ltd|f x}g, xfd|f gofF s/f/ k9\of 5g ls Sof xf] ;anfO{ a/fa/L 7fGg] <;fFOnf] M gl/;fpm g d]h/ bfO, ;/L lg ;/L . a'jfn] 1fga'l4sf] s'/f l;sfpg'ef /}5 v';L nfUof] . csf{sf] ljrf/df gafFr cfkm} ;f]r egL of] cGwljZjf;df db}{ u/]sf] b]zdf af]Ng'ef /}5 . 7'nf] sfd ug'{ x'GYof] eGof}, s] xf]nf eg]sf] lg .d]h/ M d]/f a'jf ;]s]g jf/df xNbf/ d]h/ x'g'x'GYof] . lal6; cfdL{df v'a gfd rnfpg'efYof] . t];a]nfsf] nflu Tof] rfOg] 9fF6]sf] x}g agsf] r/f], v'a dfg Oh]tsf] hflu/ xf], ;]s]g jf/df . dnfof, adf{df b':dgnfO{ cfR5'cfR5' kf/]/ d]l8n klg rfOg] Pp6f xf]Og agsf] r/f] cf7cf7 d]l8n 5ftLdf em'08fpg'x'GYof] . ;fFOnf] M clg s] ef] t < lsg a'jfsf] ofb ug'{ef] . d]h/ M x]/ ;fFOnf], eg'F eg] cfF;' cfpF5 geg'F eg] dg lk/f] x'G5 . d}n] d]/f lat]/ hfg'ef a'jfnfO{ wf]sf lbPF . cfkm} ;f]r eGg'ef Yof], d uf]a/lubLn] agsf] r/f] c¿sf] ;f]rnfO{ ;fk6L lnPF . s;}n] em\ofDd, em\ofDd ufnfF xfg] lg ;~rf] dfGy] ==

41–;/n s~rg

;fFOnf] M lsg < lsg <d]h/ M v} ca s'/f klg e'lnof] lsg of] cfFvf /;fof] s'/} e'lnof] . s'/f]sf] d];f] g} rfOg] agsf] r/f] stf p8\of];fFOnf] M of] gofF s/f/ afOannfO{ k}n] r}+ s;sf] egL ;f]Rof Yof} d]h/ bfO egL d}n] ;f]Wof y] d]h/ M P xf] t lg agsf] r/f] . d}n] r}+ c¿sf] nx}nx}df nfu]/ of] lstfanfO{ cd]l/sfg] lstfa 7fGof y] . ofFleq t cd]l/sf algg'eGbf ;q c7f/ ;o jif{cl3sf] s'/f /}5 ;a xfd|} Plzofdf n]v]sf] . lsg d}n] olt 7"nf] a'jfsf] t]tL 1fgL 5f]/f] eP/ klg olt s's'/a'l4 s'/f u/]+ eg t agsf] r/f] < c¿n] h:t} af]n]/ d}n] cfkm"nfO{ k"/fk"/ a'4's'Qf agfOg t < P agsf] r/f] ===;fFOnf] M b'O xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] lstfanfO{ tLg ;o jif{ gofF cd]l/sf eGg] dfG5]nfO{ Ifdf ug'{k5{ . d"v{ eg]/ ufnL ug'{x'Gg d]h/ bfO clg pgLx¿nfO{ wGojfb klg eGg'k5{ . d]h/ M wGojfb < of] ;fFOnf]sf] a'l4 lg s}n] s}n] labf dgfpg' rfOgf, xªsª k'U5 ls Sof xf] < d"v{nfO{ lsg wGojfb <;fFOnf] M cd]l/sfsf] sn]h, cd]l/sfsf] sDk'6/, cd]l/sfsf] hflu/, cd]l/sfsf] 8n/, cd]l/ssf] sf/, cd]l/sfsf] lehf eg]sf] t pRr cfb/ xf] d]h/ bfO . cd]l/sfsf] lstfa eg]sf] klg ;sf{sf] ;Demg'k5{, ca t ufnL xf]Og . o'u ab\nL eof] . t/ of] klg ;fFrf] xf] d]h/ bfO, cd]l/sfx¿nfO{ alnof] agfpg] lstfa of] gofF s/f/} xf] .

42–;/n s~rg

clg b'lgofnfO{ lbg' / ;3fpg' l;sfpg] lstfa klg o} xf] d]h/ bfO, agsf] r/f] eg ls cfugsf] s'v|f] . d]h/ M k|e' O;'n] dnfO{ dfkm u¿g ;fFOnf], d}n] t lqm:r]gx¿nfO{ cd]l/sfg] wd{, cd]l/sfg] lstfa, ufO{ vfg] wd{ s]s] eg] c¿sf] ;'g]/ . ;fFOnf] M d]h/ bfO xh"/sf] a'jfsf] s'/f dg k¥of] dnfO{d]h/ M xf] / <;fFOnf] M xf] lg . db{sf] 5f]/fn] cfkm} ;f]Rg' kg]{ /}5 . c¿sf] s'/fdf p8\of] eg] cfkm} ;f]Rg] zlQm x/fpF5 lg . cfkm} ;f]r, cfkm} kQf] nufpm egL l;sfpg'ef /}5 . lal6; 6fOdsf] xNbf/ d]h/n] v'a efFtL k'¥ofpFbf /5g xf} d]h/ bfO .d]h/ M To} t lg of] gofF s/f/nfO{ cfkm} k9]+ clg cfkm} yfxf kfPF afOan rfOg] h'g} hftn], h'g} efiffn] clg h'g} b]zn] k9] lg kmfObf g} x'g] /}5 . ;fFOnf]nfO{ wGojfb . d t la:tf/} o} k|e' O{;'d} nfUg] xf} ;fFOnf], s] eG5f} eg t agsf] r/f] <;fFOnf] M k}n] dnfO{ atfpg" t of] k':ts k9\bf d]h/ bfOnfO{ dHhf nfu]sf] Pp6f] s'/f] atfpg" t ==d]h/ M Tof] Ps 7fpFdf n]v]sf] /}5 lg, s] hflt rfOg]==cF==, ;a} hfltdf of] ;Drf/ ;'gfPkl5 ;a} s'/f]sf] cGt x'g]5 clg d cfpF5' egL k|e' O{;'n] eGg'ef/}5 . Tof] k9\bf, cfª} l;l/Ë ef] lg agsf] r/f] . s] ;Nnfx lbG5f} xF ;fFOnf] < d s] u¿F <

43–;/n s~rg

;fFOnf] M x]/ bfO k|e' O{;'d} nfUg] eP d ltDnfO{ Pp6f ;Nnfx lbG5' ==d]h/ M s] xf] Tof] egg;fFOnf] M klxnf] s'/f] d]h/ bfOn] cfkm\g} rfOg] of] gofF s/f/ lsGg'k5{ clg km]l/ cf/fd;Fu k9\g'k5{ clg k|e'dfly cfkm}n] ljZjf; u/]/ cfkm}n] k|fy{gf r9fpg'k5{ . d]h/ M P ufF7], Tof] t d lslgxfN5' lg stf kfpF5 egg t/ lsg cfkm} lsg cfkm} ljZjf; u/, cfkm} kf/ygf u/ eG5f} xF < of] cfkm}, cfkm} lsg eg]sf] <;fFOnf] M cfkm} eg]sf] sf/0f r}+ s] 5 eg], d]h/ bfO, ltdLn] ef]ln ;asf] ;fd'Gg] eGg'k5{ d}n] 8n/ kf5}g, k};f vf5}g, cfkm} rfOg] agsf] r/f] lsg]sf], k9]sf], dfg]sf] egL Pqf] 3f]n]{ ;f]/n] dfG5] t;f{pg'k5{d]h/ M P t];f] kf] < Pp6f sfd u/f}+ ;fFOnf], v} Nofpm t of] lstfa . xf] ===ca ==of] ltd|f] gofF s/f/ dnfO{ gf;f] eof] clg of] ;o ?k] xftfF /fv clg Pp6f] lsgL NofOb]pm d of] k9b} u5'{ . x'Gg / agsf] r/f] <;fFOnf] M cfxf, d]h/ bfO lsg gx'g' < eOxfN5 lg agsf] r/f] ..d]h/ M x]/ of] tGg]/Ln] d a"9fnfO{ lh:sfsf] ===kv ltDnfO{ . csf]{ kfnL n7\7L gNofO{ e]g .

44–;/n s~rg

jrgsf] v08 tkfO{sf] lglDt .

;/n s~rgsf] hf]8 v|Li6 ljZjf;Lsf] lglDt afOan jrg afWotf klg agf];\ / /x/ klg agf];\ eGg] xf] . of] klqsf ;fydf /fVg'ef] eg] tnsf afOan v08x¿dfly Wofg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 / k|e'sf] jrf/nfO{ s'g} klg a]nf dgg ug{;Sg'x'G5 .

o"xGgf ^ @% ltgLx¿n] pxf“nfO{ ;d'ı kfl/ e]§fP/ pxf“nfO{ ;f]w], æ/AaL, tkfO+{ oxf“ slxn] cfpg'eof] <Æ @^ o]z"n] ltgLx¿nfO{ hjfkm lbO{ eGg'eof], æ;f“Rr} d ltdLx¿nfO{ eGb5', ltdLx¿ lrGxx¿ b]v]/ xf]Og, t/ c3fp~h]n /f]6L vfPsf] sf/0Fn] dnfO{ vf]Hb5f} . @& gi6 x'g] ef]hgsf] lglDt kl/>d gu/, t/ cgGt hLjg;Dd /xg] ef]hgsf] lglDt kl/>d u/, hf] dflg;sf] k'qn] ltdLx¿nfO{ lbg]5 . lsgeg] k/d]Zj/ lktfn] p;dfly cfkm\gf] 5fk nufpg'ePsf] 5 .Æ @* ltgLx¿n] pxf“nfO{ eg], æk/d]Zj/n] rfxg'ePsf] sfd ug{nfO{ xfdLn] s] ug'{k5{ <Æ @( o]z"n] ltgLx¿nfO{ eGg'eof], æk/d]Zj/sf] sfd oxL xf]M h;nfO{ pxf“n] k7fpg'eof] p;dfly ljZjf; u/ .Æ #) o;sf/0f ltgLx¿n] pxf“nfO{ eg], ætkfO+{ s] lrGx b]vfpg'x'G5, ;f] xfdL x]/f+}, / tkfO+{nfO{ ljZjf; u/f+} < tkfO+{ s] ug'{x'G5 < #! xfd|f lktf–k'vf{n] phf8≥–:yfgdf dGg vfP, h;/L n]lvPsf] 5, ‘pxf“n] ltgLx¿nfO{ vfgnfO{ :ju{af6 /f]6L lbg'eof]’ .Æ #@ o]z"n] ltgLx¿nfO{ eGg'eof], æ;f“Rr}, d ltdLx¿nfO{ eGb5', ltdLx¿nfO{ :ju{af6 /f]6L lbg] df]zf xf]Ogg\, t/

45–;/n s~rg

:ju{af6 ltdLx¿nfO{ ;f“rf] /f]6L lbg'x'g] d]/f lktf x'g'x'G5 . ## lsgeg] k/d]Zj/sf] /f]6L ToxL xf], hf] :ju{af6 cf]ln{cfp“5, / ;+;f/nfO{ hLjg lbG5 .Æ #$ ltgLx¿n] pxf“nfO{ eg], æk|e', of] /f]6L xfdLnfO{ ;w“} lbg'xf];\ .Æ #% o]z"n] ltgLx¿nfO{ eGg'eof] æhLjgsf] /f]6L d x“' . dsxf“ cfpg] ef]sfpg]5}g, / ddfly ljZjf; ug]{ slxNo} ltvf{pg]5}g . #^ t/ d}n] ltdLx¿nfO{ eg]s} 5', ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ b]v]sf 5f}, / klg ljZjf; ub}{gf} . #& lktfn] dnfO{ lbg'x'g] ;a} dsxf“ cfpg]5g\, / dsxf“ cfpg]nfO{ s'g} /Lltn] d TofUg]5}g“ . #*cfkm\gf] OR5f k"/f ug{ d :ju{af6 cf]ln{cfPsf] xf]Og“, t/ dnfO{ k7fpg'x'g]sf] OR5f k"/f ug{nfO{ cfPsf] x“' . #( / dnfO{ k7fpg'x'g]sf] OR5f of] xf], ls pxf“n] dnfO{ lbg'ePsfx¿dWo] s;}nfO{ klg d gu'df∏“, t/ ltgLx¿nfO{ cGTosf] lbgdf hLljt kf¿“ . $) lsgeg] d]/f lktfsf] OR5f of] xf], ls k'qnfO{ x]g]{ / p;dfly ljZjf; ug]{ k|To]sn] cgGt hLjg k|fKt u/f];\, / d To;nfO{ cGTosf] lbgdf hLljt kfg]{5' .Æ $! ox"bLx¿ pxf“sf] lj?4df ugugfpg nfu], lsgeg] pxf“n] eGg'eof], æ:ju{af6 cf]ln{cfPsf] /f]6L d g} x“' .Æ $@ ltgLx¿n] eg], æs] of] of];]kmsf] 5f]/f], o]z" xf]Og < o;sf afa' / cfdfnfO{ xfdL lrGb}gf+} / < clxn] o;n] s;/L ‘d :ju{af6 cf]ln{cfPsf] x“'’ egL eGb5 <Æ $# o]z"n] ltgLx¿nfO{ hjfkm lbg'eof], æltdLx¿ cfk;df gugugfcf] . $$ dnfO{ k7fpg'x'g] lktfn] lv“Rg'ePg eg] sf]xL dsxf“ cfpg ;Sb}g, / d To;nfO{ cGTosf] lbgdf hLljt kfg]{5' . $% ‘clg tL ;a} hgf k/d]Zj/åf/f

46–;/n s~rg

l;sfOg]5g\’ egL cudjQmfx¿sf k':tsdf n]lvPsf] 5 . k|To]s h;n] lktfaf6 ;'G5 / l;S5 Tof] dsxf“ cfp“5 . $^lktfnfO{ s'g} dflg;n] b]v]sf] 5}g, s]jn p;n] dfq b]v]sf] 5 hf] k/d]Zj/af6 cfPsf] xf], p;}n] lktfnfO{ b]v]sf] 5 . $& ;f“Rr} d ltdLx¿nfO{ eGb5', h;n] ljZjf; u5{ To;l;t cgGt hLjg 5 . $* d hLjgsf] /f]6L x“' . $( ltdLx¿sf lktf–k'vf{x¿n] phf8≥:yfgdf dGg vfP tfklg ltgLx¿ d/]/ uP . %) :ju{af6 cf]ln{cfpg] /f]6L oxL xf], h;n] of] vf“b\5 Tof] dg]{5}g . %! :ju{af6 cf]ln{cfPsf] lhp“bf] /f]6L d g} x“' . s;}n] of] /f]6L vfof] eg] Tof] ;w“}el/ lhpg]5 . / h'g /f]6L d ;+;f/sf hLjgsf] nflu lbg]5', Tof]rflx“ d]/f] b]x xf] .Æ %@ ta ox"bLx¿ cfk;df ax; ug{ nfu], æo; dflg;n] s;/L xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]x vfg lbg ;S5 <Æ %# o]z"n] ltgLx¿nfO{ eGg'eof], æ;f“Rr}, d ltdLx¿nfO{ eGb5', ltdLx¿n] dflg;sf] k'qsf] b]x vfPgf}, / p;sf] /ut lkPgf} eg], ltdLx¿df hLjg x“'b}g . %$ d]/f] b]x vfg] / d]/f] /ut lkpg]l;t cgGt hLjg 5, / cGTosf] lbgdf d To;nfO{ hLljt kfg]{5' . %% lsgeg] d]/f] b]x ;f“Rr} vfg]s'/f] xf], / d]/f] /ut ;f“Rr} lkpg] s'/f] xf] . %^ d]/f] b]x vfg], / d]/f] /ut lkpg]rflx“ ddf /xG5, / d To;df /xG5' . %& h;/L hLljt lktfn] dnfO{ k7fpg'eof], / d lktfsf] sf/0Fn] lhp“5', To;} u/L dnfO{ vfg] klg d]/f] sf/0fn] lhpg]5 . %* :ju{af6 cfPsf] of] /f]6L To:tf] xf]Og, hf] lktf–k'vf{x¿n] vfP tfklg d/]/ uP . of] /f]6L vfg]rflx“ ;w“}el/ lhpg]5 .Æ %( pxf“n] oL s'/f skmg{x'dsf] ;ef3/df lzÔf lb“bf eGg'ePsf] xf] . ^) of] ;'g]kl5 pxf“sf r]nfx¿dWo] w]/}n] eg], æof] jrg s7f]/ 5, s;n] of] ;'Gg ;St5 / <Æ

47–;/n s~rg

^! t/ pxf“sf r]nfx¿ o; ljÈodf ugugfp“b}5g\ egL hfg]/ o]z"n] ltgLx¿nfO{ eGg'eof], æs] oL s'/f ltdLx¿sf lglDt 7f]s/sf] sf/0f eO/x]5 < ^@ ltdLx¿n] dflg;sf] k'qnfO{ hxf“ ∏ cl3 lyof] Toxf“ pSn“b}u/]sf] b]Vof} eg] lg s;f] < ^# hLjg lbg'x'g] cfTdf x'g'x'G5, z/L/af6 s]xL kmfObf x“'b}g . h'g jf0FL d}n] ltdLx¿;“u af]n]sf] 5', tL cfTdf / hLjg x'g\ .

/f]dL *o;sf/0f ca v|Li6 o]z"df ePsfx¿nfO{ b08sf] cf1f 5}g . @ kfk / d[To'sf] Joj:yfaf6 dnfO{ hLjgsf cfTdfsf] Joj:yfn] v|Li6 o]z"df d'Qm kf/]sf] 5 . # kfk–:jefjn] b'a{n kfl/Psf] x'gfn] Joj:yfn] h] ug{ ;s]g k/d]Zj/n] ug'{eof], cyf{t\ pxf“n] cfkm\gf k'qnfO{ kfkdo z/L/sf] :j¿kdf kfkalnem}+ k7fpg'eof] . o;/L pxf“n] kfknfO{ z/L/df g} b08 lbg'eof], $ o; x]t'n] ls Joj:yfsf] plrt cfjZostf xfdLdf k"0f{ xf];\, xfdL hf] kfk–:jefjcg';f/ xf]Og, t/ kljq cfTdfcg';f/ rNb5f+} . % lsgeg] kfk–:jefjcg';f/ rNg]x¿n] z/L/sf s'/fdf dg nufp“5g\, t/ cfTdfcg';f/ rNg]x¿n] cfTdfsf s'/fdf dg nufp“5g\ . ^ lsgeg], kfk–:jefjdf dg nufpg'rflx“ d[To' xf], t/ kljq cfTdfdf dg nufpg' hLjg / zflGt xf] . & lsgeg] kfkdo z/L/lt/ nfu]sf] dgrflx“ k/d]Zj/k|lt zq'tf xf] . k/d]Zj/sf Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf Tof] x“'b}g, gtf Tof] slxNo} x'g ;S5 . * kfk–:jefjsf] jzdf x'g]x¿n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ k|;Gg kfg{ ;Sb}gg\ . ( olb ;f“Rr} k/d]Zj/sf cfTdf ltdLx¿df jf; ug'{x'G5 eg], ltdLx¿ kfk–:jefjdf xf]Og, t/ kljq cfTdfdf x'G5f} .

48–;/n s~rg

t/ s'g} dflg;df v|Li6sf cfTdf x'g'x'Gg eg]tf Tof] pxf“sf] x“'b}xf]Og . !) olb v|Li6 ltdLx¿df x'g'x'G5 eg], kfksf] sf/0Fn] ltdLx¿sf z/L/ d/]sf eP tfklg ltdLx¿sf cfTdf wfld{stfsf] sf/0Fn] lhp“bf x'G5g\ . !! t/ olb o]z"nfO{ d/]sfaf6 hLljt kfg'{x'g]sf cfTdf ltdLx¿df jf; ug'{x'G5 eg], v|Li6 o]z"nfO{ d/]sfaf6 hLljt kfg'{x'g]n] g} ltdLx¿df jf; ug'{x'g] pxf“sf cfTdfåF/f ltdLx¿sf d/0FzLn z/L/nfO{ klg hLjg lbg'x'g]5 . !@ o;}n] t efO xf], kfk–:jefjcg';f/ lhpgnfO{ xfdL kfk–:jefjk|lt afWo 5}gf+} . !# lsgls kfk–:jefjcg';f/ lhp“5f} eg], ltdLx¿ d5f}{, t/ olb kljq cfTdfåF/f z/L/sf sfo{x¿ ltdLx¿n] lgd"{n kf¥of} eg], ltdLx¿ lhpg]5f} . !$ lsgeg] ;a}, hf] k/d]Zj/sf cfTdfn] 8f]¥ofOPsf x'G5g\, ltgLx¿ g} k/d]Zj/sf ;Gtfg x'g\ . !% lsgeg] ˚]l/ 8/df kg{nfO{ bf;Tjsf] cfTdf ltdLx¿n] kfPsf 5}gf}, t/ ltdLx¿n] wd{k'q x'g] cfTdf kfPsf 5f} . o;}n] ha xfdL k/d]Zj/nfO{ æcAaf, lktfÆ egL k'sf5f+}{, !^ Tof]rflx“ xfdL k/d]Zj/sf ;Gtfg xf+} egL kljq cfTdfn] xfd|f] cfTdf;“u ujfxL lbg'ePsf] xf] . !& / ;Gtfg xf+} eg]tf pQ/flwsf/L klg xf+}, k/d]Zj/sf pQ/flwsf/L / v|Li6;“u ;fem] pQ/flwsf/L . olb pxf“;“u} b'Mv ef]U5f+} eg]tf pxf“;“u dlxldt klg x'g]5f+} . ==== @^ To;} u/L kljq cfTdfn] klg xfd|f] b'a{ntfdf ;xfotf ug'{x'G5 . s;/L k|fy{gf ug'{kg]{ xf] xfdL hfGb}gf+}, t/ zAbx¿df JoSt ug{ g;lsg] ;':s]/fdf kljq cfTdfn] xfd|f lglDt dWo:ytf ug'{x'G5 . @& / dflg;x¿sf Xbosf] vf]hL ug'{x'g]n] kljq cfTdfsf] ljrf/ s] xf] ;f] hfGg'x'G5, lsgls k/d]Zj/sf] OR5fcg';f/ kljq cfTdfn] ;Gtx¿sf lglDt dWo:ytf ug'{x'G5 . @* xfdL hfGb5f+}, pxf“nfO{ k]|d ug]{x¿ / pxf“sf

49–;/n s~rg

clek|focg';f/ af]nfOPsfx¿sf lglDt x/]s s'/fdf k/d]Zj/n] enfO g} ug'{x'G5 . @( h;–h;nfO{ pxf“n] klxn]af6} lrGg'ePsf] 5, pxf“n] ltgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf k'qsf] ¿k;dfg agfpgnfO{, w]/} efOx¿dWo] pxf“rflx“ Ho]i7 xf]∏g\ eg]/, cl3af6} lgo'Qm ug'{eof] . #) h;–h;nfO{ pxf“n] cl3af6} lgo'Qm ug'{eof], ltgLx¿nfO{ pxf“n] af]nfpg' klg eof], / h;–h;nfO{ pxf“n] af]nfpg'eof], ltgLx¿nfO{ pxf“n] wdL{ klg 7x/fpg'eof], / h;–h;nfO{ wdL{ 7x/fpg'eof] ltgLx¿nfO{ pxf“n] dlxldt klg kfg'{eof] . #!xfdLn] o;df s] eGg] t < olb k/d]Zj/ xfdLt˚{ x'g'x'G5 eg], xfd|f] lj?4 sf] x'G5 < #@h;n] cfkm\g} lgh k'qnfO{ af“sL /fVg'ePg, t/ xfdL ;a}sf lglDt pxf“nfO{ lbg'eof], s] pxf“n] xfdLnfO{ ;a} yf]s klg pxf“s} ;fydf lbg'x'g]5}g / < ##k/d]Zj/sf r'lgPsfx¿sf lj?4df s;n] cleof]u nfpg]5 < wdL{ 7x/fpg] k/d]Zj/ g} x'g'x'G5 eg], #$b08sf] cf1f lbg] sf] xf] < dg]{ t v|Li6 o]z", x'g'x'G5, hf] d/]sfx¿af6 hLljt kfl/g'eof], / k/d]Zj/sf] bflxg] afx'nLt˚{ x'g'x'G5, / xfd|f lglDt dWo:y klg ug'{x'G5 . #%s;n] xfdLnfO{ v|Li6sf] k]|daf6 cnu ug]{ < s] ;°i6n], cyjf b'Mvn], jf v]bf]n], jf clgsfnn], jf gUgtfn], cyjf vt/fn] jf t/jf/n] < #^o:tf] n]lvPsf] 5, ætkfO+{sf] vflt/ xfdL lbgel/ dfl/G5f+}, sfl6g] e]8≥fx¿h:t} xfdLx¿ ulgPsf 5f+} .Æ #& xf]Og, oL ;a} s'/fdf xfdLnfO{ k]|d ug'{x'g]åF/f xfdL ljh]tfx¿eGbf klg cem a9≥L 5f+} . #* lsgls d of] kSsf u/L hfGb5', ls d[To'n] jf hLjgn], :ju{b"tx¿n] jf k|wfgtfx¿n], jt{dfgsf s'/fx¿n] jf kl5 x'g] s'/fx¿n], jf zlQmx¿n], #(prfOn] jf ulx/fOn], jf ;f/f ;[li6df ePsf s'g} klg s'/fn], v|Li6 o]z" xfd|f k|e'df ePsf k/d]Zj/sf] k]|daf6 xfdLnfO{ cnu ug{ ;Sg]5}g .

50–;/n s~rg

lxa|" !@o;sf/0f oltsf ;fÔLx¿sf] 7"nf] afbnn] xfdLnfO{ 3]l//fv]sf] x'gfn], x/lsl;dsf af]emf / xfdLnfO{ ;lhn}l;t cNemfpg] kfknfO{ kG5fP/ xfd|f ;fd'Gg] /flvlbPsf] bf}8≥ w}o{;fy bf}8≥f+} . @xfd|f ljZjf; z'¿ ug'{x'g] / k"/f ug'{x'g] o]z"nfO{ x]/f+}, h;n] pxf“sf] ;fd'Gg] /flvlbPsf cfgGbsf] lglDt ckdfgnfO{ s]xLh:tf] g7fgL s"|;sf] si6 ef]Ug'eof], / k/d]Zj/sf] l;+xf;gsf] bflxg]kl§ lj/fhdfg x'g'x'G5 . #kfkLx¿af6 pxf“sf] lj?4df ePsf oltsf ljjfbx¿ ;xg'x'g]nfO{ ljrf/ u/, / ltdLx¿ lzlyn gxf]cf], clg x/]; gvfcf] . $kfksf] lj?4df ltdLx¿n] u/]sf ;8\3if{df /ut aufpg'kg]{ cj:yf;Dd ltdLx¿ k'u]sf 5}gf} . %s] ltdLx¿n] ctL{sf tL jrg e'n]sf 5f} h;n] ltdLx¿nfO{ k'qx¿ egL ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 < æx] d]/f] k'q, k/dk|e'sf] tf8≥gfnfO{ xn'sf g;Dem, pxf“af6sf] b08df x/]; gvf∏, ^ lsgeg] h;nfO{ k/dk|e'n] k]|d ug'{x'G5 To;}nfO{ tf8≥gf lbg'x'G5, / cf˚"n] u|x0f ug'{ePsf] x/]s 5f]/fnfO{ pxf“n] b08 lbg'x'G5 .Æ = = = = !@o;sf/0f nq]sf xftx¿ p7fcf], / b'a{n 3“'8≥fx¿ alnof agfcf] . !#ltdLx¿ lx“8\g] af6f] ;f]emf] agfcf], tfls n·8≥f] uf]8≥f gv':sf];\, t/ lgsf] xf];\ . !$;a} dflg;x¿;“u zflGtdf a:g] / kljq x'g] k|oTg u/≤ kljqtfljgf s'g} dflg;n] k/dk|e'nfO{ b]Vg ;Sb}g . !%Wofg b]cf], ls s'g} dflg; k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|x k|fKt ug{b]lv jl~rt gxf];\, tfls tLtf]kgsf] h/f] pd]|/ cfO{sg To;n] ˚"6 gNofcf];\, / w]/} hgfnfO{ cz'4 gkf/f];\ . ====@%xf]lzof/ a;, hf] af]Nb}x'g'x'G5, pxf“nfO{ ltdLx¿ OGsf/ gu/ . lsgls olb k[YjLdf r]tfpgL lbg'x'g]nfO{ OGsf/ ug]{x¿ pDs]gg\ eg] :ju{af6 r]tfpgL lbg'x'g]nfO{ c:jLsf/ u¥of+} eg] xfdL s;/L pDsg ;S5f+} <

;/n s~rgsf] o; cª\sdf ljz]if wGojfb

:d[lt sd/nfO{;/n s~rgsf] ;'?sf] lbgdf dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u, ;]jfsf] nflu

8f= ltdf]yL cof{nnfO{cfˆgf] s[ltaf6 ;fdu|L ;fef/ ug]{ cg'dltsf] nflu

h]lgy k|]; kl/jf/nfO{u|fxseGbf a9L :g]xdoL, ;f}xfb{ ;xof]usf] nflu

u'un lrq ;ª\sngnfO{o; cª\ssf] sltko lrqsf] lgMz'Ns k|of]u ;x'lnotsf] nflu

lrq k]h @, !^ M k[YjL >]i7

cfj/0f / leqL n]cfp6 M ;'lgn sfsL{

;Dkfbg M nf]sgfy dg]g

k|sfzg M ;fdbfg

(A.D

. Aug

ust 2

012)

Printed at Zenith Printing Press, Kupondole, Lalitpur

k/dk|e' cfkm\gf k/d]Zj/sf] jrg kfng u¥of} eg] oL ;a} cflzif\ ltdLx¿nfO{

nfUg] 5g\ / ltdLx¿ ;fy /lx/xg] 5g\.

ltdLx¿sf ;Gtfgdfly cflzif\ kg]{5===.Joj:yf @*M@,$

;/n s~rgO kL ;L !^@@

hfjnfv]n, sf7df8f}+tripleseven12@hotmail.com

Saral Kanchan, P.O.Box 8975, E P C 1622,Kathmandu, Nepal

Sa

mdan