KARYA TULIS AKHIR

HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME (MPS)

OTOT UPPER TRAPEZIUS DENGAN POSTUR KERJA PADA PEMETIK

APEL

OLEH :

ADNI KAUTSARI ISMINI

201610330311128

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2020

HASIL PENELITIAN

HUBUNGAN KEJADIAN MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME (MPS)

OTOT UPPER TRAPEZIUS DENGAN POSTUR KERJA PADA PEMETIK

APEL

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan

dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh:

ADNI KAUTSARI ISMINI

201610330311128

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMADIYAH MALANG

2020

i

ii

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iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah, dengan memanjatkan puji dan syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang

Maha Esa serta dengan berkat dan rahmat-Nya sehingga tugas akhir penulis

dengan Judul “Hubungan Kejadian Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) Otot Upper

Trapezius dengan Postur Kerja pada Pemetik Apel” dapat terselesaikan dengan

baik. Begitu pula Dialah yang menyelaraskan gerakan tangan dan pikiran dalam

merangkai huruf menjadi kata dan selanjutnya menjadi kalimat dalam penulisan

proposal ini. Segala sesuatu yang benar dalam tugas akhir ini datang dari Allah

SWT, dan segala kekeliruan dalam penulisan ini datangnya dari diri penulis

sendiri.

Dalam penyelesaian tugas akhir ini penulis banyak mengalami kesulitan, tetapi

berkat dukungan, bimbingan, dan bantuan dari dosen pembimbing dalam rangka

penyusunan dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak akhirnya penulis dapat

menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini tepat pada waktunya.

Penulis menyadari bahwa penelitian ini masih belum sempurna, sehingga

masih membutuhkan saran dari berbagai pihak. Penulis berharap tugas akhir ini

dapat menjadi wujud ibadah penulis kepada Zat Yang Maha Mengetahui lagi

Bijaksana, dan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi para pembaca.

Malang, 27 Desember 2019

Penulis

ix

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................ i

SURAT PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .................................................. ii

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ............................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. iv

DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ............................................................................ xiv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................ 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................... 3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .................................................................. 3

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ................................................................. 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................ 4

1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ........................................................... 4

1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis ................................................................. 4

1.4.3 Manfaat Masyarakat ........................................................ 4

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................... 5

2.1 Pengertian Myofascial Pain Syndrome......................................... 5

2.2 Struktur Otot Rangka ................................................................... 6

2.3 Anatomi Otot Upper Trapezius .................................................... 7

2.4 Fascia ............................................................................................ 8

2.5 Mekanisme Kontraksi Otot .......................................................... 9

2.6 Patofisiologi Myofascial Trigger Points .................................... 14

2.6.1 Faktor Pencetus Myofascial Trigger Points ................... 15

2.7 Diagnosis Myofascial Pain Syndrome ....................................... 16

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS .................................... 20

3.1 Kerangka Konsep ....................................................................... 20

3.2 Hipotesis ..................................................................................... 21

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN................................................................. 22

4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ................................................. 22

4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ...................................................... 22

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................. 22

4.3.1 Populasi .......................................................................... 22

4.3.2 Sampel ........................................................................... 22

4.3.3 Besar Sampel ................................................................. 22

4.3.4 Teknik Sampling ............................................................ 23

4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel ...................................................... 24

4.3.5.1 Kriteria Inklusi ..................................................... 24

4.3.5.1 Kriteria Eksklusi .................................................. 24

4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................... 24

4.3.7 Definisi Operasional ...................................................... 25

4.4 Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................... 27

4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ..................................................................... 28

x

4.6 Alur Penelitian ....................................................................................... 29

4.7 Analisis Data .............................................................................. 30

4.8 Jadwal Penelitian ........................................................................ 31

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 31

5.1 Karakteristik Pekerja .................................................................. 31

5.2 Hubungan kejadian Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS)

dengan postur kerja pada pemetik apel ............................................ 32

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN .............................................................................. 35

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN........................................................ 38

7.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 38

7.2 Saran ........................................................................................... 38

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

xi

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional .................................................................... 25

Tabel 4.2 Jadwal Penelitian.......................................................................... 31

Tabel 5.1 Data Karakteristik Pekerja Pemetik Apel .................................... 31

Tabel 5.2 Hubungan Kejadian MPS dengan Postur Kerja ........................... 33

Tabel 5.3 Uji Mann-Whitney ....................................................................... 33

xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Struktur Otot Rangka ................................................................. 7

Gambar 2.2 Otot Upper Trapezius ................................................................. 8

Gambar 2.3 Struktur Fascia.......................................................................... 10

Gambar 2.4 Motor-end plate ........................................................................ 11

Gambar 2.5 Penghantaran Potensial Aksi .................................................... 12

Gambar 2.6 Siklus Jembatan Silang............................................................. 13

Gambar 2.7 Myosfascial Trigger Points ...................................................... 14

Gambar 2.8 Metode Flat Palpation Pada Daeah Upper Trapezius ............. 17

Gambar potur yang tidak memerlukan perbaikan ........................................ 50

Gambar postur yang memerlukan perbaiakn ............................................... 50

Gambar palpasi untuk identifiksi taut band (TB) ........................................ 50

Gambar kompresi TB untuk memperoleh spot tenderness (SP) .................. 50

xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Lembar Informed Consent ............................................................ 42

Lampiran 2 Lembar Pemeriksaan .................................................................... 43

Lampiran 3 Lembar OWAS ............................................................................. 44

Lampiran 4 Output SPSS ................................................................................ 47

Lampiran 5 Dokumentasi penelitian ................................................................ 50

Lampiran 6 Surat keterangan lolos kajian ilmiah ............................................ 51

Lampiran 7 Surat keterangan layak etik........................................................... 52

Lampiran 8 Hasil Plagiasi ................................................................................ 53

Lampiran 9 Lembar Konsultasi ........................................................................ 54

Lampiran 10 Surat keterangan tempat penelitian............................................. 55

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