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KARYA TULIS AKHIR

PENGARUH PEKERJAAN TERHADAP KASUS

PTERYGIUM DI KOTA MALANG TAHUN 2020

Oleh:

Alif Basor Aminudin Listiawan

201610330311153

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2020

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KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya,

penulisan tugas akhir ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik dan tepat waktu.

Shalawat serta salam selalu tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad

Shalallahu Alaihi Wasallam, keluarga, para sahabat, dan pengikut beliau yang

telah membawa dunia ini dari zaman kegelapan menuju zaman terang –

benderang.

Penelitian tugas akhir ini berjudul “PENGARUH PEKERJAAN

TERHADAP KASUS PTERYGIUM DI KOTA MALANG TAHUN 2020”.

Tugas akhir ini diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Penulis menyadari tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh

karena itu, penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan masukan yang membangun.

Semoga karya tulis ini dapat menambah wawasan keilmuan dan bermanfaat bagi

semua pihak.

Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh

Malang, 8 April 2020

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

SAMPUL DALAM ................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ........................................................... iii LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ........................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................. vi DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................. x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................. xi DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................ xii SCAN SERTIFIKAT PLAGIASI ............................................................ xix BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................ 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................. 3

1.3.1 Tujuan umum ............................................................................ 3 1.3.2 Tujuan khusus ........................................................................... 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................ 3 1.4.1 Manfaat akademis ..................................................................... 3 1.4.2 Manfaat klinis ........................................................................... 3

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1. Pekerjaan ......................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Definisi pekerjaan ..................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Klasifikasi pekerjaan ................................................................. 4 2.1.3.Waktu mulai kerja, durasi kerja, dan masa kerja ........................ 6

2.2. Pterygium ........................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Definisi pterygium .................................................................... 7

2.2.2 Etiologi pterygium .................................................................... 9 2.2.3 Epidemiologi pterygium ............................................................ 11 2.2.4 Faktor resiko pterygium ............................................................ 14 2.2.5 Patogenesis pterygium............................................................... 18 2.2.6 Gejala klinis, grading, & pemeriksaan histopatologi ................. 20 2.2.7 Diagnosis banding ..................................................................... 23 2.2.8 Terapi ....................................................................................... 24 2.2.9 Prognosis .................................................................................. 25 2.2.10 Komplikasi .............................................................................. 25

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual ....................................................................... 26 3.2 Hipotesis .......................................................................................... 27

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BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN

4.1. Jenis Penelitian ................................................................................ 28 4.2. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ........................................................... 28 4.3. Populasi dan Sampel ........................................................................ 28

4.3.1. Populasi ................................................................................... 28 4.3.2. Sampel ..................................................................................... 28 4.3.3. Besar sampel ............................................................................ 28 4.3.4. Teknik pengambilan sampel ..................................................... 29 4.3.5. Kriteria sampel ......................................................................... 29

4.3.5.1. Kriteria inklusi ............................................................. 29 4.3.5.2. Kriteria ekslusi ............................................................. 29

4.3.6. Variabel penelitian ................................................................... 29 4.3.6.1. Variabel bebas .............................................................. 29 4.3.6.2. Variabel terikat ............................................................ 30

4.4. Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ................................................................ 30 4.5. Prosedur dan Instrumen Penelitian ................................................... 30

4.5.1. Prosedur penelitian .................................................................. 30 4.5.2. Alur penelitian ......................................................................... 31 4.5.3. Instrumen penelitian ................................................................. 31

4.6 Validitas dan Reliabilitas .................................................................. 35 4.6.1. Uji validitas ............................................................................. 35 4.6.2. Uji reliabilitas .......................................................................... 36

4.7. Analisis Data Statistik Jadwal Penelitian.......................................... 36 4.8. Definisi Operasional ........................................................................ 37

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA

5.1. Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................... 39 5.2. Seleksi Bivariat ............................................................................... 40 5.3. Analisis Data secara Multivariat ...................................................... 42

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN 6.1. Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 44 6.2. Keterbatasan Penelitian ................................................................... 53

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BAB 7 PENUTUP 7.1. Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 54 7.2. Saran ............................................................................................... 55

LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................. 56

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DAFTAR TABEL Nomor Judul Halaman Tabel 2.1 Prevalensi Pterygium Berdasarkan Domisili, Usia, dan Jenis

Kelamin tahun 2014 11

Tabel 2.2 Epidemiologi Beberapa Kategori menurut Beberapa Sumber yang Dirangkum

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Tabel 2.3 Faktor Resiko Pterygium terkait dengan Demografi, Lingkungan, dan Life Style

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Tabel 2.4 Faktor Resiko Pterygium pada Provinsi Ilam, Iran 17 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Uji Validitas Instrumen Penelitian 35 Tabel 4.2 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian 36 Tabel 4.3 Definisi Operasional 37 Tabel 5.1. Tabel Deskripsi Data Hasil Penelitian Secara Univariat 39 Tabel 5.2. Tabel Hasil Uji Chi-square terhadap Pterygium 41 Tabel 5.3 Hasil Pengujian Bivariat Jenis Pekerjaan terhadap Penggunaan

Topi 42

Tabel 5.4. Tabel Hasil Pemodelan Multivariat I 43 Tabel 5.5. Tabel Hasil Pemodelan Multivariat II Dengan Perubahan OR 43 Tabel 5.6. Tabel Hasil Pemodelan Akhir Analisis Multivariat 44 Tabel 5.7. Tabel Konstanta Wald berdasarkan Model Akhir Analisis

Multivariat 45

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Nomor Judul Halaman Gambar 2.1 Petani dan Nelayan Merupakan Pekerjaan Dengan Faktor

Resiko Pekerjaan Tertinggi yang Menyebabkan Pterygium 6

Gambar 2.2 Pterygium Pada Mata 9 Gambar 2.3. Ekspresi Gen P53 Terdeteksi Tinggi pada Kelompok Pasien A

& B 11

Gambar 2.4. CXCR4 dan SDF-1 Mengaktifasi Fibroblast 19 Gambar 2.5 Teori Pathogenesis dari Pterygium 20 Gambar 2.6 Potongan Histopatologi dari Jaringan Fibrovaskuler Pterygium 22 Gambar 2.7. Pinguecula pada Mata Terlihat seperti Jaringan Lemak 23 Gambar 2.8. Pseudopterygium Kronis 24

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Nomor Judul Halaman

Lampiran 1 Surat Permohonan Menjadi Responden 66

Lampiran 2 Persetujuan Menjadi Responden 67

Lampiran 3 Instrumen Penelitian 71

Lampiran 4 Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen 75

Lampiran 5 Data Penelitian 77

Lampiran 6 Hasil Output SPSS 80

Lampiran 7 Keterangan Layak Etik 89

Lampiran 8 Berkas Ijin Penelitian 90

Lampiran 9 Dokumentasi Penelitian 91

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