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Katakana カタカナ. Guidelines on how to create katakana words accurately. When is Katakana used?. Katakana represents borrowed words from foreign languages (mostly English but also Dutch, French, German, Portuguese, and some Chinese) onomatopoeic words eg. meiow, twinkle, knock knock,. トントン. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Katakana カタカナ
Guidelines on how to create katakana words accurately
When is Katakana used?
Katakana represents Oborrowed words from foreign languages (mostly English but also Dutch, French, German, Portuguese, and some Chinese)Oonomatopoeic words eg. meiow, twinkle, knock knock,
トントン
Why is ‘Japanese English’ so different?
Japanese has a much simpler sound system than English. Borrowed words need to be adjusted to suit the Japanese sound system. The result is ‘Japanese English’. Many words sound completely different to the original borrowed English word.
Example:
table = テーブル ( teeburu )
ConsonantsIn English words can have up to 3 consonants in a row. ie. stream. But, in Japanese all consonants are followed by a vowel (except for ‘n’). Change English words into Katakana by adding a vowel after consonants:
OConsonants ‘t’ or ‘d’ add ‘o’ = to, doOConsonant ‘k’ add ‘u’ or ‘i’ = ki, kuOAll other single consonants add ‘u’.= ru, su, bu,mu etc.
Example:
class = クラス (kurasu)
Practice - Consonants
How would you read these words?
ジム ガスCan you write this word in katakana?
cake (keeki)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
ジム ガスjimu (gym) gasu (gas)Can you write this word in katakana?
ケーキcake (keeki)
Long vowel soundsSome English vowels sound longer. ie. live vs leaveLong vowel sounds are changed into Katakana by adding the symbol “ ー” .
Example:
cheese = チーズ (chiizu)
Practice – Long vowel sounds
How would you read these words?
ゲーム アイスクリームCan you write this word in katakana?
coffee (koohii)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
ゲーム アイスクリームgeemu (game) aisukuriimu
(icecream)
Can you write this word in katakana?
コーヒーcoffee (koohii)
Vowel + RA vowel followed by ‘r’ (ie. er, ir, or) is written as a long vowel sound in Katakana. The vowel before the ‘r’ is lengthened by adding the symbol “ ー” .
Example:
girlfriend = ガールフレンド (gaarufurendo)
Practice – Vowel + R
How would you read these words?
アパート サーカスCan you write this word in katakana?
course (koosu)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
アパート サーカスapaato (apartment) saakasu
(circus)
Can you write this word in katakana?
コースcourse (koosu)
Hard consonant sounds
When an English syllable ends with a hard sounding consonant (p, b, t, d, k, g, s, sh) these are changed into Katakana by adding a small ‘ ッ (tsu) before the hard consonant.
Example:
truck = トラック (torakku)
(Remember the small tsu creates a
pause before the next sound.)
Practice – Hard consonant sounds
How would you read these words?
エッグ ベッドCan you write this word in katakana?
bag (baggu)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
エッグ ベッドeggu (egg) beddo (bed)
Can you write this word in katakana?
バッグbag (baggu)
J in KatakanaThe ‘j’ sound, when it doesn’t have a vowel sound after it, changes to ‘ シ ji’.
Example:
orange = オレンジ (orenji)
Practice – J in Katakana
How would you read these words?
チャレンジ ジョージCan you write this word in katakana?
orangejuice (orenjijuusu)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
チャレンジ ジョージcharenji (challenge) jooji
(George)
Can you write this word in katakana?
オレンジジュースorangejuice
F in KatakanaF by itself or followed by a ‘u’ sound is represented by ‘フ fu’. F followed by other vowels are written with ‘ フ fu’ and small ァ a ィ i ェ e ォ o
ie. fa ファ fi フィ fe フェ fo フォ
Example:
family = ファミリー (famirii)
Practice – F in Katakana
How would you read these words?
フィルム フェリーCan you write this word in katakana?
France (furansu)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
フィルム フェリーfirumu (film) ferii (ferry)
Can you write this word in katakana?
フランスFrance (furansu)
W in KatakanaThe ‘w’ sound in Japanese can occur with ‘a’ and written in katakana as ‘ワ wa’. For all other vowels after the ‘w’ sound changes the ‘w’ to ‘ ウ u’ followed by and small ィ i ェ e ォ o
ie. wi ウィ we ウェ wo ウォ
Example:
water = ウォーター (uootaa)
Practice – W in Katakana
How would you read these words?
ウエーター ウィークCan you write this word in katakana?
whiskey (uisukii)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
ウエーター ウィークueetaa (waiter) uiiku (week)
Can you write this word in katakana?
ウィスキーwhiskey (uisukii)
L and R in KatakanaL and R are written as ‘r’ in Katakana.
Example:
milk = ミルク (miruku)
Practice – L and R in Katakana
How would you read these words?
ベルト コーラCan you write this word in katakana?
rule (ruuru)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
ベルト コーラberuto koora
Can you write this word in katakana?
ルールrule (ruuru)
Ti, Di, Tu in KatakanaThe ‘ti’ sound changes to ‘ ティ’ (typed texi)
(or traditionally ‘チ chi’) The ‘di’ sound changes to ‘ ディ’ (typed dexi)
(or traditionally ‘ジ ji’)The ‘tu’ sound changes to ‘ ツ tsu’ or ‘ チュ chu’
Example:
party = パーティー (paatii)radio = ラジオ (rajio)
Practice – Ti, Di and Tu
How would you read these words?
ティシュ ティーCan you write this word in katakana?
candy (kyandii)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
ティシュ ティーtishu (tissue) tii (tea)
Can you write this word in katakana?
キャンディーcandy (kyandii)
Th in Katakana
The ‘th’ sound usually changes to ‘s’ (soft ‘th’) or ‘z’ (hard ‘th’) sound (sometimes it changes to just a ‘t’ sound)
Example:
leather レザー (rezaa)
Practice – Th in Katakana
How would you read this word?
マザー シアター
Can you write this word in katakana?
The beatles (za biitoruzu)
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
マザー シアターmazaa (mother) shiataa
(theatre) Can you write this word in katakana?
ザ・ビートルズThe beatles (za biitoruzu)
V in KatakanaThe ‘v’ sound usually changes to ‘b’. (recently katakana ‘u’ with a tenten ‘ ヴ vu’ is used)
Example:
valentine’s day = バレンタインデー(barentaindee)
Practice – V in Katakana
How would you read this word?
ビデオゲーム Can you write this word in katakana?
ANSWERSHow would you read these words?
ビデオゲームbideogeemu (video game)
Can you write this word in katakana?
ベジャテリアンvegetarian (bejaterian)
Ye in Katakana
The ‘y’ sound in Japanese only occurs with ‘a, u, o’. There is no ‘ye’ sound so this is changed into katakana by writing it as ‘ イエ ie’.
Example:
yellow = イェロー (ieroo)
Practice – Ye in Katakana
How would you read this word?
イヤー Can you write this word in katakana?
Yale (ieru)
ANSWERS
How would you read this word?
イヤーiyaa (year)
Can you write this word in katakana?
イエルYale (ieru)