2009gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis katastrofis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis saagentos (ISDR) terminologia

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis Sesaxeb

gaerTianebuli erebi

gamoqveynebulia gaerTianebuli erebis or-

ganizaciis katastrofis Semcirebis saerTa-

Soriso strategiis saagentos (UNISDR) mierJeneva, Sveicaria, 2009 wlis maisi

© gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia, 2009

© gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis

katastrofis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso

strategiis saagento (UNISDR), 2009yvela ufleba daculia

winamdebare publikaciidan citatebis amoReba

da misi xelaxla dabeWdva Tavisuflad SeiZle-

ba, magram wyaros miTiTeba aucilebelia.

UNISDR am publikaciis reproduqcias da

Targmnas miesalmeba. dokumentis gamoqveynebis

an gadaTargmnis SemTxvevaSi misi erTi asli

UNISDR-s aucileblad unda gadaegzavnos.

terminologia inglisur enaze, aseve misi

Targmanebi arabul, Cinur, frangul, rusul

da espnur enebze xelmisawvdomia UNISDR-s

veb-gverdze Semdeg misamarTze:

www.unisdr.org/publicationsPreventionWeb-ze

www.preventionweb.net

2009gaerTianebuli

erebis organizaciis

katastrofis

Semcirebis

saerTaSoriso

strategiis saagentos

(ISDR) terminologia

katastrofis riskis

Semcirebis Sesaxeb

4

`gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis riskis

Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis (UNISDR) terminologiis~ mizania erTnairad iqnas gage-

buli da damkvidrdes katastrofebis riskis

Semcirebis cnebebi, aseve xeli Seewyos maT

erTgvarovnad gamoyenebas da mxari daeWiros

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis Zalisxme-

vas uflebamosili pirebis, praqtikosebis da

sazogadoebis mier. wina versia: `terminolo-

gia: ZiriTadi terminebi katastrofis riskis

Semcirebis Sesaxeb~ 2004 wels gamoqveynda

`cxovreba riskiT: katastrofis riskis Semci-

rebis iniciativebis globaluri mimoxilva~.

momdevno wels, 2005-2015 ww `hiogos samoqmedo

CarCo-programiT~ UNISDR-is mimarT gakeTda

moTxovna: `katastrofis riskis Semcirebas-

Tan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso standar-

tuli terminologiis ganaxleba da farTod

gavrceleba, sul mcire, gaerTianebuli erebis

organizaciis yvela oficialur enaze, pro-

gramuli da institucionaluri ganviTarebis,

operaciebis, kvlevebis, saswavlo gegmebisa da

sazogadoebis informirebulobis programebSi

gamoyenebis mizniT~.

2009 wlis versia UNISDR-is mxridan mimdinare

ganxilvis procesis, aseve, sxvadasxva saerTa-

Soriso Sexvedrebze, regionul diskusiebsa da

erovnul garemoSi mTel rig eqspertebsa da

praqtikosebTan gamarTuli konsultaciebis

Sedegia. terminebi ukve erT winadadebaSia

ganmartebuli. TiToeul terminTan asoci-

rebuli komentarebis abzaci am ganmartebis

nawils ar warmoadgens, aramed mxolod dama-

tebiTi konteqstis, kvalifikaciis da axsna-

ganmartebis uzrunvelsayofad aris mocemuli.

unda aRiniSnos, rom es terminebi urTierT-

gamomricxavi namdvilad ar aris da zog SemT-

xvevaSi maTi mniSvnelobebi SeiZleba erTmaneTs

gadafaravdes kidec.

5

terminologia gadaisinja, raTa masSi Sesu-

liyo is sityvebi, rac centraluri mniSvnelo-

bisaa Tanamedrove gagebisTvis da katastrofis

riskis Semcirebis ganviTarebadi praqtikis-

Tvis, Tumca, amoRebul iqna sityvebi, romelT-

ac leqsikonis Tanaxmad erTi da igive mniSvn-

eloba gaaCniaT.

aseve mocemulia mTeli rigi axlad SemoRebu-

li cnebebi, romlebic farTod ar gamoiyeneba,

magram profesiul garemoSi TandaTan ufro

mkvidrdeba; aRniSnuli terminebi varskvlaviT

(*) aris aRniSnuli da maTi mniSvneloba SeiZle-

ba momavalSi ufro daixvewos. `terminologi-

is~ 2009 wlis inglisurenovan versiaSi moce-

mulia safuZveli terminologiis sxva enebze

momzadebisaTvis. samomavlo gadasinjvisTvis

mivesalmebiT komentarebs da SemoTavazebebs,

romlebic UNISDR-s unda gadaugzavnoT

(see www.unisdr.org).

6

misaRebi riski 10 (Acceptable Risk)

adaptacia 10 (Adaptation)

biologiuri safrTxe 11 (Biological Hazarad)

samSeneblo kodeqsi 11 (Building Code)

potenciali 12

(Capacity)

potencialis ganviTareba 12 (Capacity Development)

klimatis cvalebadoba 13 (Climate Change)

gansakuTrebuli dagegmva 14 (Contingency Planning)

katastrofebTan brZolis potenciali 14 (Coping Capacity)

katastrofis riskis koreqciuli marTva * 15 (Corrective Disaster Risk Management)

kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebi 15 (Critical Facilities)

katastrofa 15 (Disaster)

katastrofis riski 16 (Disaster Risk)

terminebi

7

katastrofis riskis marTva 17 (Disaster Risk Managment)

katastrofis riskis Semcireba 17 (Disaster Risk Reduction)

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegma* 18 (Disaster Risk Reduction Plan)

adreuli Setyobinebis sistema 19 (Early Warning System)

ekosistemis samsaxurebi 19 (Ecosystem Services)

el ninio – samxreT oscilaciis fenomeni 20 (El Nino-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon)

sagangebo mdgomareobis marTva 20 (Emergency Management)

sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebi 21 (Emergency Services)

garemos degradacia 22 (Environmental Degradation)

ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefaseba 22 (Environmental Impact Assessment)

riskis winaSe dgoma 23 (Exposure)

mravalmxrivi riski* 23 (Extensive Risk)

prognozi 24 (Forecast)

8

geologiuri safrTxe 24 (Geological Hazard)

saTburis airebi 24 (Greenhouse Gases)

safrTxe 25 (Hazard)

hidrometeorologiuri safrTxe 26 (Hydrometeorological Hazard)

intensiuri riski* 26 (Intensive Risk)

miwis gamoyenebis dagegmareba 27 (Land Use Planning)

Semsubuqeba 28 (Mitigation)

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli

platforma 28 (National Platform For Disaster Risk Reduction)

bunebrivi safrTxe 29 (Natural Hazard)

mzaoba 29

(Preparedness)

prevencia 30 (Prevention)

katastrofis perspeqtiuli riskis marTva* 31 (Prospective Disaster Risk Managment)

sazogadoebis informirebuloba 31 (Public Awareness)

aRdgena 32 (Recovery)

9

narCeni (arasistematuri) riski 32 (Residual Risk)

gamZleoba da mdgradoba 33 (Resilience)

reagireba 33 (Response)

modernizeba 34 (Retrofi tting)

riski 34 (Risk)

riskis Sefaseba 35 (Risk Assessment)

riskis marTva 36 (Risk Management)

riskis gadatana (transferi) 36 (Risk Transfer)

socio-bunebrivi safrTxe* 37 (Socio-Natural Hazard)

struqturuli da arastruqturuli zomebi 38 (Structural and Non-Structural Measures)

mdgradi ganviTareba 38 (Sustainable Development)

teqnologiuri safrTxe 39 (Technological Hazard)

daucveloba 40 (Vulnerability)

10

misaRebi riski (Acceptable Risk)

potenciuri danakargis is done, rac misaRebia

sazogadoebisTvis an TemisTvis, arsebuli so-

cialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri, kulturuli,

teqnikuri da ekologiuri pirobebis gaTva lis-

winebiT.

komentari: sainJinro gagebiT, misaRebi riski aseve

gamoiyeneba iseTi struqturuli da arastruqtu-

ruli zomebis Sefasebis da gansazRvrisaTvis, rac

saWiroa adamianebis, Senobebis, momsaxurebebis da

sistemebisadmi SesaZlo zianis SemcirebisaTvis

arCeul da misaReb donemde, kodeqsebis an `miRe-

buli praqtikis~ Sesabamisad, romelic riskis cno-

bil albaTobebs da sxva faqtorebs efuZneba.

adaptacia (Adaptation)

bunebrivi an adamianuri sistemebis morgeba faq-

tobriv an mosalodnel klimatur stimulebze,

an maT efeqtebze reagirebisTvis, rac zians am-

subuqebs an xelsayrel SesaZleblobebs gamoav-

lens.

komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba klimatis cva-

lebadobis mosazrebebs exeba da mis wyaros `kli-

matis cvalebadobaze gaerTianebuli erebis CarCo

konvenciis samdivno~ (UNFCCC) warmoadgens. adap-

taciis ufro farTo cneba aseve exeba araklima-

tur faqtorebs, rogoricaa niadagis erozia an

zedapiris daweva. adaptacia SeiZleba moxdes av-

tonomiurad, mag. bazris cvlilebebis, an adaptaci is

dagegmili politikebis an gegmebis Sedegad.

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis bevrma zomam

SeiZleba pirdapir Seitanos wvlili ukeTes adapta-

ciaSi.

11

biologiuri safrTxe (Biologocal Hazard)

organuli warmoSobis, an biologiuri veqtorebiT

ganpirobebuli procesi an fenomeni, rac paTo-

genuri mikroorganizmebis riskis winaSe dgomas

moicavs. toqsinebi da bioaqtiuri nivTierebebi,

romlebmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios sikvdili, da-

zianeba, daavadeba an sxva gavlena moaxdinos

janmrTelobaze, gamoiwvios Senobebis dazianeba,

saarsebo wyaros da momsaxurebebis dakargva,

soci aluri da ekonomikuri moSliloba an ekolo-

giuri ziani.

komentari: biologiuri safrTxeebis magaliTebSi

Sedis epidemiuri daavadebebis afeTqeba, mcenare-

ebis gziT an cxovelebidan gadamdebi daavadebebi,

mwerebis an sxva cxovelebiT gamowveuli Savi Wiri

da invaziebi.

samSeneblo kodeqsi (Building Code)

brZanebulebebis an regulaciebis da asocirebuli

standartebis erToblioba, romlis mizania diza-

inis, mSeneblobis, masalebis, im struqturebis

dakavebulobis da cvlilebebis gakontroleba,

romlebic aucilebelia adamianebis usafrTxoebis

da keTildReobis uzrunvelsayofad, rac dangre-

visa da zianisadmi gamZleobas moicavs.

komentari: samSeneblo kodeqsebi rogorc teq-

nikur, aseve funqciur standartebsac SeiZleba

moicavdes. isini saerTaSoriso gamocdilebas

unda iziarebdes da erovnul, aseve adgilobriv

garemoebebs miesadagebodes. Sesrulebis siste-

maturi reJimi kritikuli mniSvnelobis damatebiT

moTxovnas warmoadgens samSeneblo kodeqsis efeq-

turi ganxorcielebisTvis.

12

potenciali (Capacity)

TemSi, sazogadoebasa Tu organizaciaSi arsebuli

yvela Zlieri mxaris, maxasiaTebeli Tvisebis da

resursis kombinacia, romelTa gamoiyenebac Se-

iZleba SeTanxmebuli miznebis misaRwevad.

komentari: potenciali SeiZleba moicavdes in-

frastruqturas da fizikur saSualebebs, insti-

tuciebs, sazogadoebaSi arsebul gamklavebis

SesaZleblobebs, aseve adamianTa codnas, unarebs

da koleqtiur Tvisebebs, rogoricaa socialuri

urTierTobebi, lideroba da menejmenti. poten-

ciali SeiZleba aseve aRweril iqnas rogorc Sesa-

Zlebloba. potencialis Sefaseba aris procesis

aRmniSvneli termini, romlis meSveobiTac jgufis

potenciali ganixileba sasurveli miznebis mimarT

da sadac potencialTan dakavSirebuli naklovane-

bebia gamovlenili Semdgomi reagirebisaTvis.

potencialis ganviTareba

(Capacity Development)

procesi, romlis meSveobiT adamianebi, orga-

nizaciebi da sazogadoeba sistematurad axdens

Tavisi potencialis stimulirebas da ganviTarebas

drois ganmavlobaSi, socialuri da ekonomikuri

miznebis misaRwevad, rac codnis, unarebis, siste-

mebis da instituciebis gaumjobesebas moicavs.

komentari: potencialis ganviTareba SesaZle-

blobis ganviTarebis ganmavrcobeli cnebaa, raTa

man droTa ganmavlobaSi potencialis zrdis daw-

yebis da SenarCunebis yvela aspeqti moicvas. is

sxvadasxva tipis treningebis meSveobiT swavlas,

magram aseve uwyvet Zalisxmevas moicavs insti-

tuciebis, politikuri cnobierebis, finansuri

resursebis da teqnologiis sistemebis gansavi-

Tareblad, aseve ufro farTo socialuri da kul-

turuli Zlieri garemos SeqmnisaTvis.

13

klimatis cvalebadoba (Climate Change)

(a) mTavrobaTaSorisi sabWo klimatis cvalebado-

bis sakiTxebze (IPCC) klimatis cvalebadobas

Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `klimatis mdgomare-

obis cvlileba, romlis identifikaciac Sei-

Zleba (mag. statistikuri testebis meSveobiT)

saSualo maCveneblebSi momxdari cvlilebebis,

an/da misi Tvisebebis cvalebadobiT, aseve rac

xangrZliv periodSi midinareobs tipobrivad,

dekadebis an ufro meti xnis manZilze. klima-

tis cvalebadoba Sida bunebrivi procesebis,

gare Zalebis mizeziT, an atmosferosa Tu mi-

waTsargeblobis kompoziciaSi momxdari ganu-

wyveteli anTropogenuli cvlilebebis gamo

SeiZleba moxdes.

(b) gaerTianebuli erebis CarCo konvencia klima-

tis cvalebadobis Sesaxeb (UNFCCC) klimatis

cvalebadobas Semdegnairad ganmartavs: `kli-

matis cvlileba, romelic pirdapir an iribad

gamowveulia adamianis qmedebiT da rac glo-

baluri atmosferos Semadgenlobas cvlis,

aseve, romelic emateba bunebrivi klimatis

cvalebadobas, rac drois Sedarebad peri-

odebSi xdeba~.

komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis

miznebisTvis orive es ganmarteba SeiZleba Ses-

aferisi iyos, konkretuli konteqstidan gamom-

dinare. UNFCCC-s ganmarteba ufro SezRudulia,

radgan is bunebrivi mizezebiT gamowveul klima-

tis cvalebadobas gamoricxavs. IPCC-is ganmarte-

ba SeiZleba ufro popularuli komunikaciisTvis

Semdegi formulirebiT gamoiTqvas: `klimatis

cvlileba, romelic dekadebis an ufro didi peri-

odis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeba da rac bunebrivi

mizezebiT, an adamianis qmedebis Sedegad aris

gamowveuli~.

14

gansakuTrebuli dagegmva

(Contingency Planning)

marTvis procesi, romlis meSveobiTac konkre-

tuli potenciuri movlenebi, an SesaZlo situ-

aciebi gaanalizdeba, ramac SeiZleba safrTxe

Seuqmnas sazogadoebas an garemos da romelic

winaswar gansazRvravs zomebs amgvar movlenebsa

da situaciebze drouli, efeqturi da Sesabamisi

reagirebisTvis.

komentari: gansakuTrebuli dagegmvis Sedegia or-

ganizebuli da koordinirebuli qmedebebi, sadac

naTladaa dadgenili instituciuri funqciebi

da resursebi, informaciasTan dakavSirebuli

procesebi da saoperacio zomebi konkretuli

aqti orebisTvis saWiroebis dros. katastrofuli

movlenebis, an SesaZlo sagangebo mdgomareobis

scenarebis safuZvelze, misi meSveobiT mTavar

aqti orebs SeuZliaT gaiTvaliswinon, moelodon

da gadaWran problemebi, rac krizisis dros Se-

iZleba warmoiSvas. gansakuTrebuli dagegmva saerTo

mzaobis mniSvnelovani nawilia. gansakuTrebuli geg-

mebi regularulad unda ganaxldes da gamoicados.

katastrofebTan brZolis potenciali

(Coping Capacity)

adamianebis, organizaciebis da sistemebis

SesaZlebloba, rom xelT arsebuli unarebis da

resursebis gamoyenebiT win aRudgnen saziano an

sagangebo mdgomareobebs Tu katastrofebs da

marTon isini.

komentari: gamklavebis SesaZlebloba uwyvet

informirebulobas, resursebs da karg mene-

jments moiTxovs rogorc normalur dros, aseve

krizisebis an zianismomtani mdgomareobebis

dadgomisas. gamklavebis SesaZleblobebs wvlili

Seaqvs katastrofebis riskebis SemcirebaSi.

15

katastrofis riskis koreqciuli marTva * (Corrective Disaster Risk Reduction)

menejeruli saqmianoba, romelic ukve damdgari

katastrofebis riskebs exeba da mis koreqciaze, an

Semcirebaze zrunavs.

komentari: aRniSnuli cnebis mizania ukve damdga-

ri riskebi im riskebisgan gamijnos, romelTac

marTva da Semcireba axla sWirdebaT, aseve gansx-

vaveba gakeTdes perspeqtiuli riskebisgan, rom-

lebic momavalSi SeiZleba ganviTardes, Tu riskis

Semcirebis politikebi ganxorcielebuli ar iq-

neba. ixileT aseve perspeqtiuli riskis marTva.

kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebi

(Critical Facilities)

pirveladi daniSnulebis fizikuri Senobebi, teq-

ni kuri nagebobebi an sistemebi, romlebic soci-

aluri, ekonomikuri an operaciuli TvalsazrisiT

aucilebelia sazogadoebis an Temis funqciobis-

Tvis rogorc rutinul viTarebebSi, aseve sagange-

bo mdgomareobebis eqstremalur garemoSi.

komentari: kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebi in-

frastruqturis elementebia, romelic mxars uWers

aucilebel samsaxurebs sazogadoebaSi. maTSi Sedis:

satransporto sistemebi, aeroportebi da portebi,

eleqtrogayvaniloba, wylis da komunikaciis siste-

mebi, saavadmyofoebi da jandacvis klinikebi, aseve

saxanZroebi, policia da saxelmwifo marTvis samsa-

xurebi.

katastrofa (Disaster)

Temis an sazogadoebis funqciobis seriozuli

moSla, rac farTomasStabian adamianur, materi-

16

alur, ekonomikur an ekologiur zarals, an maTze

zegavlenas moicavs, romelic dazaralebuli

Temis an sazogadoebis SesaZleblobas aRemateba

sakuTari resursebiT amgvari mdgomareobis da-

ZlevisTvis.

komentari: katastrofebs xSirad aRweren rogorc

Semdegi elementebis kombinaciis Sedegs: saSiS-

roebis riskis winaSe dgoma; mocemul dros arse-

buli daucvelobis mdgomareoba da arasakmarisi

SesaZlebloba an zomebi potenciuri uaryofiTi

Sedegebis Semcirebis an maTi gamklavebisTvis. katastrofis Sedegi SeiZleba iyos: sicocxlis da-

kargva, dazianeba, daavadeba an sxva saziano Sede-

gebi adamianebis fizikur, fsiqikur da socialur

keTildReobaze, Senobebis dazianebasTan, Seno-

bebis dangrevasTan, momsaxurebis dakargvasTan,

socialur da ekonomikur moSlilobasTan, aseve

garemos degradaciasTan erTad.

katastrofis riski (Disaster Risk)

katastrofiT gamowveuli potenciuri danakargi,

rogoricaa sicocxleebis, janmrTelobis mdgo-

mareobis, saarsebo wyaroebis, Senobebis an mom-

saxurebebis dakargva, rac SeiZleboda romelime

Temsa Tu sazogadoebaSi momxdariyo momavlis

romelime mocemul periodSi.

komentari: katastrofis riskis ganmarteba

katastrofebis cnebas asaxavs rogorc riskis

uwyvetad arsebuli pirobebis Sedegs. katastro-

fis riski potenciuri danakargebis sxvadasxva

tipebisgan Sedgeba, romelTa raodenobrivi saxiT

warmodgena xSirad rTulia xolme. miuxedavad

amisa, moWarbebuli safrTxeebis Sesaxeb arsebuli

codniT, aseve mosaxleobis da socio-ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis maxasiaTeblebiT, katastrofebis

riskebi SeiZleba Sefasdes da rukis saxiT gamo i sa-

xos, sul mcire, farTo masStabebiT.

17

katastrofis riskis marTva

(Disaster Risk Management)

administraciuli direqtivebis, organizaciebis

da saoperacio unarebis Tu SesaZleblobebis

gamoyenebis sistematuri procesi strategiebis

da politikebis gansaxorcieleblad, aseve gam-

klavebis SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebisTvis,

safrTxeebis uaryofiTi zegavlenis da katastro-

fis SesaZleblobis Semcirebis mizniT.

komentari: aRniSnuli termini ufro zogadi ter-

minis `riskis marTva~ gavrcobas warmoadgens

katastrofebis riskebis specifikuri sakiTxebis

gadaWrasTan dakavSirebiT. katastrofis riskis

marTvis mizania Tavidan aicilos, Seamciros an

gadaitanos safrTxeebis uaryofiTi efeqtebi pre-

venciis, Semsubuqebis da mzaobis RonisZiebebiT,

aseve maTTan dakavSirebuli zomebis meSveobiT.

katastrofis riskis Semcireba

(Disaster Risk Reduction)

katastrofis riskebis Semcirebis cneba da misi

gamoyeneba sistematuri Zalisxmevis meSveobiT,

katastrofebis gamomwvevi faqtorebis anali-

zisa da marTvisTvis. am saSualebebSi aseve Sedis

safrTxeebis riskis winaSe dgomis Semcireba, ada-

mianebis Tu Senobebis ufro naklebi daucveloba,

aseve miwis da garemos ufro gonivruli marTva da

saziano movlenebisadmi mzaobis gaumjobeseba.

komentari: katastrofebis riskebis Semcirebis

mimarT erTiani midgoma mocemulia gaerTianebuli

erebis organizaciis mier 2005 wels miRebul

`hiogos samoqmedo CarCo-programaSi~, romlis mo-

salodneli Sedegia `katastrofebis Sedegad miye-

nebuli zaralis arsebiTi Semcireba, sicocxlis,

Temebis Tu qveynebis socialuri, ekonomikuri da

garemosdacviTi aqtivebis mimarT~.

18

katastrofis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso strategiis

saagentos (ISDR) sistemaSi mocemulia mTavrobebs,

organizaciebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiur

warmomadgenlebs Soris TanamSromlobis meqanizmi

`CarCo-programis~ ganxorcielebis mxardasaWe-

rad. yuradReba miaqcieT, rom maSin, roca zogjer

gamo yenebulia termini `katastrofis Semcireba~,

termin Si `katastrofis riskis Semcireba~ ufro

kargad aris aRiarebuli katastrofebis riskebis

mimdinare buneba da aseve mocemul droSi arsebuli

potenci ali aRniSnuli riskebis Sesamcireblad.

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegma * (Disaster Risk Reduction Plan)

dokumenti, romelic uwyebis, seqtoris, organi-

zaciis an sawarmos mier aris momzadebuli da sa-

dac mocemulia miznebi da specifikuri amocanebi

katastrofebis riskebis SemcirebisTvis, aRniS-

nuli miznebis miRwevasTan dakavSirebul qmede-

bebTan erTad.

komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis

gegmebi `hiogos CarCo-programiT~ unda xelm-

ZRvanelobdes. isini aseve gaTvaliswinebuli da

koordinirebuli unda iyos ganviTarebis Sesabamis

gegmebSi, resursebis gadanawilebasa da program-

ul RonisZiebebSi.

erovnul doneze arsebuli gegmebi administraci-

uli valdebulebis TiToeuli donisTvis specifi-

kuri unda iyos da arsebul sxvadasxva socialur

Tu geografiul garemoebebs unda moergos. gan-

xorcielebis mimarT arsebuli pasuxismgeblobebi

da droiTi farglebi, aseve dafinansebis wyaroebi

TiToeul gegmaSi dakonkretebuli unda iyos. sa-

dac SesaZlebelia, kavSiri unda damyardes klima-

tis cvalebadobis adaptaciis gegmebTan.

19

adreuli Setyobinebis sistema

(Early Warning System)

SesaZleblobebis erToblioba, romelic saWiroa

SetyobinebasTan dakavSirebuli drouli da

mniSvnelovani informaciis generirebis da

gavrcelebisTvis, raTa safrTxis winaSe mdgarma

individebma, Temebma da organizaciebma Sesaba-

misad momzadeba da moqmedeba SesZlon, aseve

hqondeT sakmarisi dro dazianebis an danakargis

SesaZleblobis Semcirebis mizniT.

komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba mTel rig faq-

torebs moicavs, rac aucilebelia Setyobinebe-

bze efeqturi reagirebebis miRwevisTvis. adami-

anebze koncentrirebuli adreuli Setyobinebis

sistema aucileblad moicavs oTx mTavar ele-

ments: riskebis codna; safrTxeebis monitoringi,

analizi da prognozireba; signalebis da Setyo-

binebebis komunikacia an gavrceleba; adgilo-

brivi SesaZleblobebi miRebul Setyobinebebze

reagirebisTvis. frazis `erTidan meore bolomde

Setyobinebis sistema~ gamoyeneba aseve xazs us-

vams, rom Setyobinebis sistemebi saWiroa yvela

safexurs moicavdes safrTxis aRmoCenidan Temis

reagirebis CaTvliT.

ekosistemis samsaxurebi

(Ecosystem Services)

sargebeli, romelsac xalxi da Temebi iReben eko-

sistemebisgan.

komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba `aTaswle-

ulis ekosistemis Sefasebidan~ gamomdinareobs.

sargebeli, risi uzrunvelyofac ekosistemebs

SeuZliaT, moicavs `maregulirebel samsaxurebs~,

rogoricaa wyaldidobis, gvalvis, niadagis degra-

daciis da daavadebis regulacia. amaSi aseve Sedis

iseTi `samsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa~, rac wyal-

20

didobas da wyals exeba, `damxmare samsaxurebi~,

romelic niadagis formirebas da nutrientul ci-

klirebas exeba, aseve `kulturuli samsaxurebi~,

rogoricaa rekreaciuli, sulieri, religiuri da

sxva aramaterialuri sargebeli. miwis, wylis da

sacxovrebeli resursebis integrirebuli marTva,

rac xels uwyobs konservacias da mdgrad gamo-

yenebas, ekosistemebis samsaxurebis SenarCunebis

safuZvels qmnis, rac im samsaxurebs moicavs, rom-

lebsac katastrofis riskebis SemcirebaSi wvlili

SeaqvT.

el ninio – samxreT oscilaciis fenomeni

(El Nino-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon)

wynari okeanis tropikuli nawilis da globalu-

ri atmosferos kompleqsuri interaqcia, rasac

Sedegad moaqvs amindis da okeanis cvalebadobis

araregularulad momxdari movlenebi msoflios

bevr sxvadasxva adgilas, xSirad ki iseTi mniSvne-

lovani zegavleniT, rac mravali Tvis manZilze

grZeldeba, rogoricaa zRvis habitatis cvlile-

ba, wvimebis cvalebadoba, wyaldidobebi, gvalvebi,

aseve qariSxlis cvalebadobac.

komentari: el ninio – samxreT oscilaciis feno-

menis (ENSO) `el ninio~ nawili okeanis saSualoze

sakmaod maRal temperaturas exeba, rac saxeze

aris xolme ekvadoris, perus da CrdiloeT Ciles

sanapiros gaswvriv, aseve wynari okeanis aRmosav-

leT ekvatorul nawilSi, xolo `la ninia~ nawili

ki sapirispiro garemoebebs exeba, roca saxezea

okeanis saSualoze sakmaod dabali temperatura.

samxreT oscilacia exeba Tanmxleb cvlilebebs

globaluri haeris wnevis maxasiaTeblebSi, rac

amindis cvalebad maxasiaTeblebTan aris asocire-

buli msoflios sxvadasxva nawilebSi.

21

sagangebo mdgomareobis marTva

(Emergency Management)

resursebis da valdebulebebis organizeba da

marTva sagangebo mdgomareobebis yvela aspeqtis

mogvarebisTvis, kerZod ki mzaobasTan, reagire-

basa da sawyis etapze aRdgenasTan dakavSirebiT.

komentari: krizisi an sagangebo mdgomareoba

safrTxis Semcveli mdgomareobaa, romelic

gadaudebel qmedebas moiTxovs. sagangebo mdgo-

mareobaSi efeqturi qmedebiT movlenis katastro-

fad eskalacia SeiZleba Tavidan iqnas acilebuli. sagangebo mdgomareobis marTva gegmebs da insti-

tuciur mowyobas moicavs, raTa samTavrobo, arasam-

Tavrobo, moxaliseobrivi da kerZo saagentoebis Za-

lisxmeva ganxorcieldes da maTTvis mimarTulebis

Cveneba moxdes erTiani da koordinirebuli gziT,

sagangebo mdgomareobis saWiroebebis mTels

speqtrze reagirebis uzrunvelsayofad. `sagangebo

mdgomareobis marTvis~ magivrad zogjer gamoTqma

`katastrofis marTva~ gamoiyeneba.

sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebi

(Emergency Services)

specializebuli saagentoebis erToblioba,

romelTac konkretuli pasuxismgeblobebi

ekisre baT da sagangebo mdgomareobaSi xalxis da

Senobebis dacvis mizans emsaxurebian.

komentari: sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebi

iseT saagentoebs moicavs, rogoricaa samoqalaqo

dacvis uwyebebi, policia, saxanZro, saswrafo sa-

medicino daxmareba, parasamedicino da sagangebo

mdgomareobis samedicino samsaxurebi, wiTeli

jvris da wiTeli naxevarmTvaris sazogadoebebi,

aseve specializebuli, eleqtroenergiis, tran-

sportirebis, komunikaciebis da sxva msgavsi samsa-

xurebis sagangebo mdgomareobis erTeulebi.

22

garemos degradacia

(Environmental Degradation)

garemos potencialis Semcireba socialuri da

ekologiuri miznebis da saWiroebebis dakmayo-

filebis kuTxiT.

komentari: garemos degradacias SeuZlia bune-

brivi safrTxeebis sixSire da intensiuroba

Secvalos, aseve Temebis daucveloba gazardos.

adamianebis Carevis Sedegad gamowveuli degrada-

ciis tipebi sxvadasxvaa da masSi SeiZleba Sevides

miwis arasaTanadod gamoyeneba, niadagis erozia

da dakargva, gaudabnoeba, xanZrebi udabur tyeSi,

biomravalferovnebis dakargva, tyis gaCexva,

mangros tyeebis gaCanageba, miwis, wylis da haeris

dabinZureba, klimatis cvalebadoba, zRvis donis

aweva da ozonis daSla.

ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefaseba

(Environmental Impact Assessment)

SemoTavazebuli proeqtis an programis ekolo-

giuri Sedegebis Sefasebis procesi, rac dagegmvis

da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesis ganuyofeli

nawilia da romelic proeqtis an programis saziano

zegavlenis Semcirebas an SezRudvas iTvaliswinebs.

komentari: ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefaseba

politikis instrumentia, romelic dawyebidan

gadawyvetilebis miRebamde ganxorcielebuli

RonisZiebebis ekologiuri zegavlenis mtkice-

bulebas da analizs uzrunvelyofs. is ZiriTadad

erovnul doneze programirebis da proeqtis

damtkicebis procesebis ganmavlobaSi, aseve sa-

erTaSoriso ganviTarebis daxmarebis proeqtebis

ganxorcielebisas gamoiyeneba.

ekologiuri zegavlenis Sefasebebi riskis deta-

lur Sefasebebs unda moicavdes da alternativebs,

23

gamosavals an sxva arCevans unda uzrunvel yofdes

gamovlenili problemis mosagvareblad.

riskis winaSe dgoma (Exposure)

safrTxis zonebSi adamianebis, Senobebis, siste-

mebis an sxva elementebis arseboba, romlebic Se-

sabamisad potenciuri danakargebis sagans warmo-

a dgenen.

komentari: riskis winaSe dgoma SeiZleba moicavdes

adamianebis an Senobebis raodenobas mocemul

teritoriaze. amas SeiZleba daematos riskis wina-

Se mdgari elementebis speficikuri daucveloba

raime konkretuli safrTxis mimarT, raTa am

safrTxesTan asocirebuli raodenobrivi riskebi

Sefasdes CvenTvis saintereseo teritoriaze.

mravalmxrivi riski * (Extensive Risk)

farTomasStabiani riski, rac asocirebulia ga-

fantuli mosaxleobis ganmeorebadi an mu dmi-

vad arsebuli, dabali an saSualo intensivobis

safrTxis Semcveli pirobebis winaSe dgomasTan,

xSirad maRali lokalizebuli saxiT, romelsac

SeuZlia Semasustebeli kumulatiuri katastro-

fuli Sedegebi gamoiwvios.

komentari: mravalmxrivi riski ZiriTadad so f-

lis teritoriebisa da qalaqis gareubnebisTvis

aris damaxasiaTebeli, sadac Temebi ganmeorebadi

lokalizebuli wyaldidobebis, mewyerebis, qa-

riSxlebis an gvalvis winaSe dganan, an mis mimarT

daucvelebi arian. mravalmxrivi riski xSirad

asocirebulia siRaribesTan, urbanizaciasa da

garemos degradaciasTan, ixileT aseve `intensi-

uri riski~.

24

prognozi (Forecast)

romelime konkretul teritoriaze momavalSi

raime mosalodneli mdgomareobis an movlenis

dadgomis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli gansazRvruli

gancxadeba an statistikuri Sefaseba.

komentari: meteorologiaSi prognozi niSnavs sa-

momavlo mdgomareobas, roca keTdeba gafrTxileba

potenciurad saSiSi momavali mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.

geologiuri safrTxe (Geological Hazard)

geologiuri procesi an fenomeni, romelmac

SeiZleba sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba an jan-

mrTelobaze sxvagvari zegavlena moaxdinos, an

Senobebis dazianeba, saarsebo wyaros da momsa-

xurebebis dakargva, socialuri an ekonomikuri

moSla Tu ekologiuri ziani gamoiwvios.

komentari: geologiuri safrTxeebi dedamiwis si-

RrmeSi mimdinare procesebs moicavs, rogoricaa

miwisZvrebi, vulkanuri aqtiuroba da amofrqveva,

aseve amasTan dakavSirebuli geofizikuri proce-

sebi, rogoricaa masiuri gadaadgileba, mewyerebi,

kldis CamoSla, zedapiris darRveva, naSali masalis

an talaxis nakadebi. hidrometeorologiur faq-

torebs zogierT am procesSi mniSvnelovani wvlili

Seaqvs. cunamebis kategorizeba Znelia; miuxedavad

imisa, rom maT zRvisqveSa miwisZvrebi da sxva ge-

ologiuri movlenebi iwvevs, isini mniSvnelovani

okeanuri procesebia, rac manifestirebulia ro-

gorc sanapiro wylebTan dakavSirebuli safrTxe.

saTburis airebi (Greenhouse Gases)

atmosferoSi arsebuli airebis Semcveli Semad-

genloba, rogorc bunebrivi, aseve anTropo-

25

genuli, romlebic dedamiwis zedapiris, TviT at-

mosferos da Rrublebis mier gamoyofil siTbur

infrawiTel radiacias STanTqavs da gamohyofs.

komentari: es aris `klimatis cvalebadobis mTavro-

baTaSorisi sabWos~ (IPCC) ganmarteba. ZiriTadi saT-

buris airebia (GHG) wylis orTqli, naxSirorJangi,

azotovani mJava, meTani da ozoni.

safrTxe (Hazard)

saSiSi fenomeni, nivTiereba, adamianis qmedeba

an mdgomareoba, romelmac sicocxlis dakarva,

dazi aneba an janmrTelobaze sxvagvari zegavlena,

an Senobebis dazianeba, saarsebo wyaroebis da

momsaxurebebis dakargva, socialuri da ekonomi-

kuri moSla an ekologiuri zarali SeiZleba gamo-

iwvios,

komentari: katastrofis riskis Semcirebis Tval-

sazrisiT, safrTxeebi, rogorc `hiogos CarCo-

programis~ mesame sqolioSia gacxadebuli, aris:

`...bunebrivi warmoSobis safrTxeebi, an masTan

dakavSirebuli ekologiuri Tu teqnologiuri

safrTxeebi an riskebi~. amgvari safrTxeebi

sxvadasxva geologiuri, meteorologiuri,

hidro logiuri, okeanuri, biologiuri da teq-

nologiuri wyaroebidan warmoiSoba, romlebic

zogjer erToblivad moqmedebs xolme. teqnikur

garemoSi safrTxeebi aRwerilia raodenobrivad,

sxvadasxva teritoriebze sxvadasxva intensivobiT

dadgomis sixSiris albaTobiT, rogorc es isto-

riuli monacemebis an mecnieruli analizis safu-

Zvelzea gansazRvruli.

ixileT safrTxesTan dakavSirebuli sxva termi-

nebi `terminologiaSi~.

biologiuri safrTxe; geologiuri safrTxe;

hidro-meteorologiuri safrTxe; bunebrivi

26

safrTxe; sociobunebrvi safrTxe; teqnologiuri

safrTxe.

hidrometeorologiuri safrTxe

(Hydrometeorological Hazard)

atmosferuli, hidrologiuri an okeanografiuli

xasiaTis procesi an fenomeni, romelsac SeuZlia

sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba an janmrTelobaze

sxvagvari zegavlena, Senobebis dazianeba, saarse-

bo wyaroebis da momsaxurebebis dakargva, social-

uri da ekonomikuri moSliloba an ekologiuri

zianis gamowveva.

komentari: hidrometeorologiur safrTxeebSi

Sedis tropikuli ciklonebi (rogoricaa taifu-

nebi da qariSxlebi), Weqa-quxilebi, setyva, tor-

nadoebi, qarbuqebi, Zlieri Tova, zvavebi, didi

talRebi sanapiroze, wyaldidobebi, wyalmovard-

nebis CaTvliT, gvalva, xangrZlivi Zalian cxeli

an civi amindebi. hidrometeorologiuri piro-

bebi Se iZleba aseve faqtors warmoadgendes sxva

safrTxe ebSi, rogoricaa mewyeri, xanZari udabur

tyeSi, kalebis Semosevebi, epidemiebi, aseve toqsi-

kuri da vulkanuri amofrqvevis Sedegad warmo-

qmnili nivTierebebis transportireba da gafrqveva.

intensiuri riski * (Intensive Risk)

riski, romelic asocirebulia xalxis didi

masebis da ekonomikuri saqmianobis mxridan

intensiuri safrTxis Semcveli movlenebidan

gamomdinare riskTan, romelsac SeuZlia poten-

ciurad katastrofuli Sedegebi gamowvios maRali

sikvdilianobis da materialuri zaralis CaTvliT.

komentari: intensiuri riski ZiriTadad did qa-

laqebs da mWidrod dasaxlebul teritoriebs

27

axasiaTebs, romlebic ara marto iseTi intensiuri

safrTxis winaSe dganan, rogoricaa miwisZvrebi,

aqtiuri vulkanebi, didi wyaldidobebi, cunamebi

an qariSxlebi, aramed aseve amgvari safrTxe-

ebis mimarT daucvelobis maRali maCvenebliT

gamoirCevian. ixileT aseve `mravalmxrivi riski~.

miwis gamoyenebis dagegmareba

(Land-use Planning)

saxelmwifo uwyebebis mier ganxorcielebuli

procesi miwaTsargeblobisTvis sxvadasxva al-

ternativebis gamosavlenad, Sefasebisa da gada-

wyvetilebis misaRebad, grZelvadiani ekonomi-

kuri, socialuri da garemosdacviTi miznebis Ca-

TvliT, sadac aseve gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva

Temebi da interesTa jgufebi, amas garda, im

gegmebis Semdgomi formulireba da gamoqveyneba,

romlebSic nebadarTuli an misaRebi gamoyenebis

saxeebi aris aRwerili.

komentari: miwis gamoyenebis dagegmarebas mdgrad

ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs. is

moicavs kvlevebs da informaciis rukaze gamosa-

xvas; ekonomikuri, garemosdacviTi da safrTxis

Sesaxeb monacemebis analizs; miwaTsargeblobis

Sesaxeb alternatiuli gadawyvetilebis formu-

lirebas; mravlismomcveli gegmebis SemuSavebas

sxvadasxva geografiuli da administraciuli

masStabebiT. miwis gamoyenebis dagegmarebas

katastrofebis Semsubuqeba da riskebis Semcireba

SeuZlia, Tu naklebad dauWeren mxars dasaxle-

bebis warmoqmnas da mniSvnelovani obieqtebis

mSeneblobas im adgilebSi, sadac safrTxis didi

albaToba arsebobs, rac aseve iTvaliswinebs

momsaxurebis marSrutebs transportisTvis,

eleqtroenergiisTvis, wylis, kanalizaciis da

sxva kritikuli mniSvnelobis Senobebs.

28

Semsubuqeba (Mitigation)

safrTxeebis da masTan dakavSirebuli katastro-

febis uaryofiTi zegavlenis Semcireba an SezRudva.

komentari: safrTxeebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis

srulad Tavidan acileba xSirad ver xdeba xolme,

magram maTi masStabi da simwvave SesaZloa mniS-

vnelovnad Semcirdes sxvadasxva strategiebis

da qmedebebis meSveobiT. Semsubuqebis zomebi

moicavs sainJinro teqnikebs da safrTxis gamZle

konstruqciebs, aseve gaumjobesebul garemos-

dacviT politikebs da sazogadoebis informire-

bulobas. unda aRiniSnos, rom klimatis cvaleba-

dobis politikaSi `Semsubuqeba~ sxvadasxvagvarad

ganimarteba da am termins saTburis airebis

gafrqvevis SemcirebisTvis iyeneben, rac klimatis

cvalebadobis wyaros warmoadgens.

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis erovnuli

platforma (National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction)

saerTo termini erovnul doneze sakoordinacio

da politikis xelmZRvanelobis meqanizmebis aR-

saniSnavad katastrofis riskis Semcirebis mimarT,

romelic Tavisi xasiaTiT multiseqtoruli da in-

terdisciplinuria. is aseve moicavs sajaro, kerZo da

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis monawileobas yvela dainte-

resebuli erTeulis CaTvliT qveynis masStabiT.

komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba `hiogos CarCos~

me-10 sqoliodan gamomdinareobs. katastrofis

riskis Semcireba codnas, SesaZleblobebs da

Cadebul resursebs moiTxovs sxvadasxva seq-

torebis da organizaciebisgan, erovnul doneze

warmodgenili gaerTianebuli erebis saagentoebs

CaTvliT, sadac Seesabameba. seqtorebis umrav-

lesoba katastrofebis zemoqmedebas pirdapir

an arapirdapir ganicdis da bevr maTgans konkre-

29

tuli pasuxismgebloba ekisreba katastrofebis

riskze reagirebisTvis. erovnuli platformebi

uzrunvelyofs saSualebebs erovnul doneze

qmedebebis gaZlierebisTvis katastrofebis ris-

kis Semcirebis mizniT da isini erovnul meqanizms

warmoadgens `riskis Semcirebis saerTaSoriso

strategiis~ mimarT.

bunebrivi safrTxe (Natural Hazard)

bunebrivi procesi an fenomeni, romelmac SeiZle-

ba sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba an janmrTelo-

baze sxva zegavlena, an saarsebo wyaroebis da mom-

saxurebebis dakargva, socialuri da ekonomikuri

moSliloba Tu ekologiuri ziani gamoiwvios.

komentari: bunebrivi safrTxeebi yvela safrTxis

qveklass warmoadgens. es termini safrTxis Sem-

cveli faqtobrivi movlenebis, aseve latenturi

safrTxis mdgomareobebis aRsawerad gamoiyeneba,

romlebmac SeiZleba momavali movlenebi gamo-

iwvios. `bunebrivi safrTxis~ Semcveli movlenebi

SeiZleba daxasiaTdes TavianTi masStabiT an in-

tensivobiT, ganviTarebis siswrafiT, xangrZli-

vobiT da gavrcelebiT. magaliTad, miwisZvrebi

xanmoklea da, Cveulebisamebr, SedarebiT mcire

regionze axdens zegavlenas, xolo gvalvebis gan-

viTareba da gaqroba neli procesia, magram xSirad

did regionebze zemoqmedebs.

zogierT SemTxvevebSi safrTxeebi SeiZleba daw-

yvildes, magaliTad, roca wyaldidobas miwisZ-

vriT gamowveuli cunami an qariSxali iwvevs.

mzaoba (Preparedness)

mTavrobebis, reagirebasa da aRdgenis sakiTxebSi

specializebuli organizaciebis, Temebis da in-

30

dividebis mier ganviTarebuli SesaZleblobebi da

codna, raTa efeqturad moelodnen mosalodneli,

moaxloebuli an mimdinare saSiSi movlenebis an

mdgomareobebis Sedegebs, moaxdinon maTze re-

agireba da Semdeg ki aRdgena.

komentari: mzaobasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba katastrofis riskis marTvis konteqstSi xor-

cieldeba da misi mizania yvela tipis sagangebo

mdgomareobebis efeqtianad marTvisTvis saWiro

potencialis ganviTareba, aseve reagirebidan

mdgrad aRdgenamde mowesrigebuli gadasvlis

miRweva. mzaoba katastrofis riskebis gonivrul

analizs da adreuli Setyobinebis sistemebTan

karg kavSirebs efuZneba. amas garda, is iseT

RonisZiebebs moicavs, rogoricaa gansakuTrebuli

dagegmva, aRWurvilobis da masalebis momarageba,

aseve koordinaciis, evakuaciisa da sazogadoebis

informirebisTvis, asocirebuli treningebis da

savele savarjiSoebisTvis saWiro mowyobilobebis

ganviTareba. yovelive amas formaluri insti-

tuciuri, samarTlebrivi da sabiujeto SesaZle-

blobebi unda uWerdes mxars. masTan dakavSire-

buli termini `mzadyofna~ saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

swraf da saTanado reagirebis SesaZleblobas

aRwers.

prevencia (Prevention)

safrTxeebis da masTan dakavSirebuli katastro-

febis saziano Sedegebis sruli acileba.

komentari: prevencia (e.i. katastrofis prevencia) gamoxatavs cnebas da ganzraxvas, rom srulad iqnas

acilebuli potenciuri saziano zegavlena winaswar

ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebis meSveobiT. amis ma-

galiTebia dambebis an jebirebis mowyoba, rac wyal-

didobebis riskebs aRmofxvris; miwaTsargeblobis

regulaciebi, romlebic maRali riskis zonebSi ra-

ime saxis dasaxlebis mowyobis nebarTvas ar gascems,

31

aseve seismuri sainJinro dizainebi, rac kritikuli

mniSvnelobis Senobebis gadarCenas da funqciobas

uzrunvelyofs nebismieri savaraudo miwisZvris

SemTxvevaSi. Zalian xSirad danakargebis sruli aci-

leba ganxorcielebadi ar aris da aRniSnuli amocana

SemsubuqebaSi gadaizrdeba. nawilobriv am mizezis

gamo, terminebi `prevencia~ da ̀ Semsubuqeba~ zogjer

urTierTmonacvlea xolme Cveulebrivi gamoyenebisas.

katastrofis perspeqtiuli riskis marTva*

(Prospective Disaster Risk Management)

menejeruli RonisZiebebi, romlebic axali an gaz-

rdili katastrofebis riskebis ganviTarebas exeba

da mis Tavidan acilebas cdilobs.

komentari: aRniSnuli cneba im riskebzea foku-

sirebuli, romlebic momavalSi SeiZleba gan-

viTardes, Tu riskis Semcirebis politika ar

gatardeba da ara im riskebze, romlebic ukve

arsebobs da romelTa marTva da Semcireba axla

SeiZleba. ixileT aseve `katastrofis riskis kore-

qciuli marTva~.

sazogadoebis informirebuloba

(Public Awareness)

saerTo codnis masStabi katastrofebis riskis,

katastrofebis gamomwvevi faqtorebis da im

qmedebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic individualurad

da koleqtiurad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes riskis

Semcirebis da safrTxeebis mimarT daucvelobis

Sesamcireblad.

komentari: sazogadoebis informirebuloba katastrofis riskis efeqturad SemcirebisTvis

mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgens. misi ganviTa-

reba xdeba, magaliTad, informaciis momzadebis

32

da gavrcelebis gziT mediis da saganmanaTleblo

arxebis meSveobiT, sainformacio centrebis da

qselebis CamoyalibebiT, aseve saTemo an monawile-

obiTi RonisZiebebiT da advokatirebiT mTavari

sajaro oficialuri pirebis da Temis liderebis

mier.

aRdgena (Recovery)

katastrofiT dazaralebul TemebSi Senobebis,

saarsebo wyaroebis da sacxovrebeli pirobebis

aRdgena da gaumjobeseba, sadac Sesaferisia,

katastrofis riskis faqtorebis Semcirebaze

mimarTuli Zalisxmevis CaTvliT.

komentari: reabilitaciis da rekonstruciis

kuTxiT, aRdgenis amocana sagangebo mdgomare-

obis fazis dasrulebisTanave iwyeba da is wi-

naswar arsebul strategiebs da politikas unda

efuZnebodes, rac aRdgenisTvis ganxorciele-

buli RonisZiebebis mimarT naTel instituciur

valdebulebebs uwyobs xels, aseve sazogadoebis

mona wileobis SesaZleblobas qmnis. aRdgenis

programebi, katastrofis Semdeg sazogadoebis

informirebulobis amaRlebasa da maT CarTu-

lobasTan erTad, Rirebul SesaZleblobas qmnis

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis zomebis Se-

muSavebisa da ganxorcielebisTvis, aseve `ukeTe-

sis aSenebis~ principis gamoyenebisTvis.

narCeni (arasistematuri) riski (Residual Risk)

riski, romelic rCeba umarTavi formiT maSinac ki,

roca katastrofis riskis Semcirebis efeqturi

zomebi miRebulia da risTvisac sagangebo mdgo-

mareobaze reagirebis da aRdgenis potencialebi

SenarCunebuli unda iyos.

33

komentari: narCeni (arasistematuri) riskis ar-

seboba sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebis,

mzaobis, reagirebis da aRdgenisTvis efeqturi

potencialis SemuSavebis da mxardaWeris uwyvet

saWiroebas moicavs, iseT socio-ekonomikur poli-

tikasTan erTad, rogoricaa usafrTxoebis qseli da

riskis gadatanis (transferis) meqanizmebi.

gamZleoba da mdgradoba (Resilience)

safrTxeebis winaSe mdgari sistemis, Temis an

sazogadoebis SesaZlebloba, raTa droulad da

efeqtianad win aRudges safrTxes, miiRos is an mo-

ergos mas, aseve moaxerxos safrTxisgan miRebuli

zianis daZleva, Tavisi mniSvnelovani sabaziso

struqturebis da funqciebis SenarCunebis da aR-

dgenis gziT.

komentari: gamZleoba da mdgradoba `Sokis da-

Zlevis~ an `Sokisgan gamosvlis ~SesaZleblobas

niSnavs. Temis gamZleoba da mdgradoba safrTxis

Semcveli potenciuri movlenebis mimarT gan-

isazRvreba imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad gaaC-

nia Tems aucilebeli resursebi da ramdenad

SeuZlia sakuTari Tavis organizeba rogorc

saWiroebis dadgomamde, aseve amgvari periodis

ganmavlobaSi.

reagireba (Response)

sagangebo mdgomareobis samsaxurebis da sazoga-

doebis daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa katastrofis

ganmavlobaSi an misi dadgomisTanave, sicocxle-

ebis gadarCenis, janmrTelobis dazianebis,

sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis da

dazaralebuli adamianebis sabaziso saarsebo

saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT.

34

komentari: katastrofaze reagireba, upirveles

yovlisa, fokusirebulia gadaudebel da mokleva-

dian saWiroebebze da mas zogjer `katastrofis

dros daxmarebas~ uwodeben. gansxvaveba amgvari

reagirebis da Semdgomi aRdgenis etapebs Soris

naTlad gansazRvruli ar aris. reagirebis zogi-

erTi RonisZieba, rogoricaa droebiTi sacxovre-

blis uzrunvelyofa da wylis miwodeba, SeiZleba

aseve aRdgenis etapzec gadavides.

modernizeba (Retrofi tting)

arsebuli struqturebis gaZliereba an gaum-

jobeseba, raTa ufro gamZle da mdgradi gax-

dnen safrTxeebiT miyenebuli saziano Sedegebis

mimarT.

komentari: modernizeba moiTxovs, rom gaTvali-

winebuli iqnas struqturis funqcia da dizaini,

aseve is zegavlena, rac SeiZleba konkretulma

safrTxem an safrTxis scenarebma miayenos struq-

turas, aseve modernizebis sxvadasxva alter-

nativebis praqtikuloba da xarjebi. moderni-

zebis magaliTebia samagrebis mowyoba kedlebis

gasamyareblad, svetebis gamagreba, foladis

makavSireblebis damateba kedlebsa da saxura-

vebs Soris, fanjrebze darabebis damontaJeba,

mniSvnelovani Senobebis da aRWurvilobis dacvis

gaumjobeseba.

riski (Risk)

movlenis albaTobis da misi uaryofiTi Sedegebis

kombinacia.

komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba mWidro kavSir-

Sia ISo/IEC-is 73-e saxelmZRvanelosTan. sityva

`risks~ ori ganmasxvavebeli konotacia gaaCnia:

35

farTo gamoyenebiT, aqcenti keTdeba xolme Sansis

an albaTobis arsze, rogoricaa, magaliTad, `ube-

duri SemTxvevis riski~; xolo teqnikur garemoSi,

Cveulebisamebr, aqcenti Sedegebze keTdeba, `po-

tenciuri danakargebis~ mniSvnelobiT romelime

konkretuli mizezis, adgilis an periodisTvis.

SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom adamianebi erTnairad

namdvilad ar aRiqvamen xolme sxvadasxva riskebis

mniSvnelobas da maT gamomwvev mizezebs.

ixileT riskTan dakavSirebuli sxva terminebi

`terminologiaSi~:

misaRebi riski, katastrofis riskis koreqciuli

marTva; katastrofis riski; katastrofis ri-

skis marTva; katastrofis riskis Semcireba;

katastrofis riskis Semcirebis gegmebi; mra-

valmxrivi riski; intensiuri riski; katastrofis

riskis perspeqtiuli marTva; narCeni (arasiste-

maturi) riski; riskis Sefaseba; riskis marTva;

riskis gadatana (transferi).

riskis Sefaseba (Risk Assessment)

riskis xasiaTis da masStabis dadgenis meTodo-

logia potenciuri safrTxeebis gaanalizebiT

da daucvelobis arsebuli pirobebis SefasebiT,

rasac erToblivad SeuZlia potenciurad ziani

miayenos riskis winaSe mdgar adamianebs, Senobebs,

momsaxurebebs, saarsebo wyaroebs da im garemos,

romelzec isini damokidebulni arian.

komentari: riskis SefasebebSi (da asocirebuli

riskis rukaze datanaSi) Sedis: safrTxeebis teqni-

kuri maxasiaTeblebis ganxilva, rogoricaa maTi

mdebareoba, intensiuroba, sixSire da albaToba;

riskis winaSe dgomis da daucvelobis analizi,

fizikuri, socialuri, janmrTelobis, ekonomi-

kuri da garemosdacviTi ganzomilebebis CaTvliT;

aseve savaraudo riskis scenarebis mimarT gam-

36

klavebis alternatiuli da upiratesi SesaZle-

blobebis efeqturobis Sefaseba. RonisZiebebis

amgvari erToblioba zogjer riskis analizis pro-

cesis saxeliTaa cnobili.

riskis marTva (Risk Management)

gaurkvevlobis marTvis praqtika da sistemuri

midgoma, potenciuri zianis an danakargis minimu-

mamde dayvanis mizniT.

komentari: riskis marTva moicavs riskis Sefase-

bas da analizs, aseve strategiebis da speficikuri

RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas riskebis kontro-

lis, Semcirebisa da gadatanisTvis. mas xSirad

iyeneben xolme organizaciebi sainvesticio gada-

wyvetilebis miRebisas riskis minimumamde dayva-

nisTvis, aseve iseTi saoperacio riskebis gaT-

valiswinebisTvis, rogoricaa biznesis Cavardna,

warmoebis warumatebloba, ekologiuri zarali,

socialuri zegavlena da zarali xanZris Tu bune-

brivi safrTxeebis gamo. riskis marTva mTavari

sakiTxia iseTi seqtorebisTvis, rogoricaa wyal-

momarageba, energetika da soflis meurneoba, rom-

lis produqciazec amindis da klimatis ukiduresi

pirobebi pirdapir zegavlenas axdens.

riskis gadatana (transferi) (Risk Transfer)

konkretuli riskebis finansuri Sedegebis for-

malurad an araformalurad gadanacvlebis pro-

cesi erTi mxaridan meoreze, sadac ojaxi, Temi,

sawarmo Tu saxelmwifo uwyeba resursebs miiRebs

meore mxarisgan katastrofis dadgomis Semdeg,

mimdinare Tu sakompensacio socialuri Tu fi-

nansuri sargeblis sanacvlod, rac amgvari meore

mxarisTvisaa uzrunvelyofili.

37

komentari: riskis gadatanis kargad cnobil for-

mas dazRveva warmoadgens, sadac riskis dafarvas

axdens mzRveveli, dazRveulisgan gadaxdili

mimdinare premiebis sanacvlod. riskis gadatana

SeiZleba moxdes araformalurad ojaxsa da saTe-

mo qselSi, sadac arsebobs urTierTdaxmarebis

sapasuxo molodinebi saCuqrebis an kreditis

saxiT, aseve formalurad, sadac mTavrobebi,

mzRve velebi, multilateraluri bankebi da sxva,

didi riskis matarebeli sawarmoebi ayalibeben

meqanizmebs mniSvnelovani movlenebis Sedegad

gamowveul zianze gamklavebis mxardasaWerad.

amgvari meqanizmebia dazRvevis da gadazRvevis

kontraqtebi, katastrofis obligaciebi, gansa-

kuTrebuli sakredito saSualebebi da sarezervo

fondebi, sadac xarjebi, Sesabamisad, premiebiT,

investorebis wvliliT, saprocento ganakveTebiT

an warsulSi dagrovebuli danazogiT ifareba.

socio-bunebrivi safrTxe * (Socio-natural Hazard)

konkretuli geofizikuri da hidrometeorolo-

giuri safrTxis Semcveli movlenebis gaxSirebis

fenomeni, mag. rogoricaa mewyeri, wyaldidoba,

miwis daweva da gvalva, rac bunebrivi safrTxeebis

zedmetad eqspluatirebul da degradirebul mi-

wasa da ekologiur resursebTan urTierTqmedeb-

iT warmoiSoba.

komentari: aRniSnuli termini gamoiyeneba im gare-

moebebis aRsaniSnavad, sadac adamianis qmedeba

zrdis konkretuli safrTxis movlenas, maTi bune-

brivad dadgomis albaTobaze metad.

arsebobs mtkicebuleba, romelic miuTiTebs, rom

amgvari safrTxeebidan gamomdinare katastrofebis

tvirTi izrdeba. socio-bunebrivi safrTxeebis

Semcireba da Tavidan acileba miwis da ekologiuri

resursebis gonivruli marTviT SeiZleba.

38

struqturuli da arastruqturuli zomebi

(Structural and Non-structural Measures)

struqturuli zomebi: nebismieri fizikuri kon-

struqcia safrTxeebis SesaZlo zegavlenis Sem-

cirebis an aridebisTvis, an sainJinro teqnikebis

gamoyeneba safrTxisadmi winaaRmdegobis, aseve

gamZleobis da mdgradobis misaRwevad struq-

turebsa Tu sistemebSi;

arastruqturuli zomebi: nebismieri zoma, ro-

melic ar moicavs fizikur konstruqcias da rac

iyenebs codnas, praqtikas an SeTanxmebas riskebis

da zegavlenis SemcirebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT ki

politikis da kanonebis meSveobiT, sazogadoebis

informirebulobis amaRlebiT, treningebiTa da

ganaTlebiT.

komentari: katastrofis riskis SemcirebisTvis

saerTo struqturuli zomebi moicavs dambebs,

wyaldidobis sawinaaRmdego jebirebs, okeanis

talRebis barierebs, miwisZvris gamZle kon-

struqciebs da saevakuacio TavSesafrebs. saerTo

arastruqturul zomebSi Sedis samSeneblo kode-

qsebi, miwaTsargeblobis dagegmvis kanonebi da

maTi aRsruleba, kvleva da Sefaseba, sainforma-

cio resursebi da sazogadoebis informirebulo-

bis programebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom samoqalaqo

da struqturul inJineriaSi termini `struqtu-

ruli~ ufro SezRuduli mniSvnelobiT gamoi-

yeneba da mxolod datvirTvis mzidav struqtu-

ras aRniSnavs, sadac iseT nawilebs, rogoricaa

kedlebis plakireba da Sida mowyoba, arastruqtu-

rul terminebad moixsenieben.

mdgradi ganviTareba

(Sustainable Development)

ganviTareba, romelic amJamad arsebul saWiroebebs

akmayofilebs ise, rom es zegavlenas ar axdens mo-

39

mavali Taobebis SesaZleblobebze maTi sakuTari

saWiroebebis dakmayofilebisTvis.

komentari: aRniSnuli ganmarteba ganisazRvra

`brundtlendis komisiis~ mier 1987 wels da is

Zalian dakonkretebulia. Tumca, masSi bevri

SekiTxva upasuxod rCeba sityvis ganviTarebis

mniSvnelobis da masSi monawile socialuri,

ekonomikuri da ekologiuri procesebis mi-

marT. katastrofis riski asocirebulia ganvi-

Tarebis aramdgrad elementebTan, rogoricaa

garemos degradacia, xolo, amis sapirispirod,

katastrofis riskis Semcirebas SeuZlia wvlili

Seitanos mdgradi ganviTarebis miRwevaSi Semci-

rebuli danakargebis da gaumjobesebuli ganvi-

Tarebis praqtikebis meSveobiT.

teqnologiuri safrTxe (Technological Hazard)

teqnologiuri an industriuli pirobebidan

warmoSobili safrTxe, rac moicavs ubedur Sem-

Txvevebs, saSiS procedurebs, infrastruqturis

moSlas an adamianis specifikur qmedebebs, ramac

SeiZleba sicocxlis dakargva, dazianeba, daava-

deba an janmrTelobaze sxva zegavlena, Senobebis

dazianeba, saarsebo wyaroebis da momsaxurebebis

dakargva, socialuri da ekonomikuri moSliloba

Tu ekologiuri zarali gamoiwvios.

komentari: teqnologiuri safrTxeebis maga-

liTebSi Sedis industriuli dabinZureba,

atomuri radiacia, toqsikuri narCenebi, dambis

moSla, satransporto ubeduri SemTxvevebi,

afeTqeba qarxanaSi, xanZrebi da qimiuri CaRvre-

bi. teqnologiuri safrTxeebi aseve pirdapir

SeiZleba warmoiSvas rogorc bunebrivi safrT-

xis Semcveli movleniT momxdari zegavlenis

Sedegi.

40

daucveloba (Vulnerability)

Temis, sistemis an aqtivis iseTi maxasiaTeblebi da

garemoebebi, romelTa gamoc maT SeiZleba safrT-

xidan gamomdinare saziano zegavlena ganicadon.

komentari: daucvelobis mravali aspeqti arse-

bobs, rac sxvadasxva fizikuri, socialuri, eko-

nomikuri da ekologiuri faqtorebidan gamomdi-

nareobs. amis magaliTebi SeiZleba iyos Senobebis

arasaTanado dizaini da konstruqcia, Senobis

araadeqvaturi dacva, sajaro informaciis da

informirebulobis nakleboba, riskebis da mza-

obis misaRwevi zomebis oficialurad aRiareba

SezRudul doneze, aseve gonivruli marTvis ugu-

lebelyofa. daucveloba droTa ganmavlobaSi

icvle ba xolme Temis SigniT. aRniSnuli ganmarte-

ba daucvelobas gansazRvravs rogorc iseTi

interesis (Temi, sistema an qoneba) elementis

maxasiaTe bels, rac riskisagan damoukidebelia.

Tumca, ufro zogadi gamoyenebiT es sityva xSirad

ufro farTo gagebiT gamoiyeneba da elementis

mxridan riskis winaSe dgomas moicavs.

41

* axali cnebebi, romlebic axlaxans Semovida da

farTod ar gamoiyeneba, magram profesionalur

relevanturobas TandaTanobiT iZens; amgvari

terminebis ganmartebis irgvliv didi konsul-

taciebi imarTeba da SeiZleba isini momavalSi

Seicvalos.

qarTulad Targmna gaeros

ganviTarebis programam

42

43

44

UNISDR GenevaTel. :+41 22 917 8908/8907isdr@un.orgwww.unisdr.org

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UNISDR the Americas,Panamaeird@eird.orgwww.eird.orgUNISDR-20-2009-Geneva

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UNISDR-20-2009-Geneva dabeWdilia gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaSi, Jeneva-GE.09-00866-maisi 2009-4,000-ISDR/2009/3.