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Keiko Saito (Presenter, GFDRR), Keiko Kaneda (Tokyo DRM Hub,)and Yoshiaki Inagaki (OYO Corporation)
Project team “BEST PRACTICES IN IDENTIFYING RISKS FOR EARTHQUAKE RISK REDUCTION IN JAPAN”
• What are Seismic preparedness maps? 地震防災マップとは?
• Why Seismic Preparedness maps? なぜ地震防災マップ?
• Steps to produce Japanese Seismic preparedness maps 地震防災マップ作成手順
1. Stock take and decide on information to include in the maps2. Collate necessary data3. Add information on evacuation centers 4. Add information on how to reduce impacts from earthquakes at the
household level5. Map Design and layout issues 6. Distribute Seismic preparedness maps - design activities
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(古い資料には地震ハザードマップ、ハザードマップと書かれていることもある)
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(損保協会2009年)
• (想定される地震災害等の周知)
• 第一四条 都道府県は、当該都道府県において想定される地震災害の軽減を図るため、当該地域における地震動の大きさ、津波により浸水する範囲及びその水深並びに地震災害の程度に関する事項について、これらを記載した印刷物の配布その他の必要な措置を講ずることにより、住民に周知させるように努めなければならない。
• 2 市町村は、当該市町村において想定される地震災害の軽減を図るため、当該地域における地震動の大きさ、津波により浸水する範囲及びその水深並びに地震災害の程度に関する事項並びに地震災害に関する情報、予報及び警報の伝達方法、避難場所その他の地震が発生した時の円滑な避難を確保するために必要な事項について、これらを記載した印刷物の配布その他の必要な措置を講ずることにより、住民に周知させるように努めなければならない。
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鎌倉市土砂災害ハザードマップ
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http://disaportal.gsi.go.jp/
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(1) The amount of likely ground shaking under a scenario (and estimated impact, if information available)
(2) Location of evacuation centers
(3) Other useful information to reduce vulnerability at the household level, support available from local governments
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(1) Hazard Data
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(1) Hazard Data
(2) Information on evacuation centers
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(1) Hazard Data+ impact
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Potential Secondary Hazards
(1) Hazard Data
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(3) Other useful information
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Decide on the contents
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Probabilistic analysis
http://www.j-shis.bosai.go.jp/shm
for strategy at national gov.Probability of an earthquake with higher than JMA intensity VI in the next 30 years.
100%0%
Deterministic scenario analysis
http://www.bousai.go.jp/jishin/tokai/pdf/higaisoutei/gaiyou.pdf
for DRM plan at local gov.Estimated JMA seismic intensity by Hypothetical Tokai earthquake.
Eq. source
JapaneseSeismic Intensity
Category Data item Use of data
Basic map Topography, Administrative boundary, GIS data, Digitalterrain model
Base map for hazard map, slopefailure assessment
Seismology Plate tectonics, Earthquake records, Active faults,Earthquake damage records
Scenario eq., ground motion &damage assess.
Geology Geology map, boring data, laboratory soil test data,Seismic prospecting data
Ground model for hazard assess.,liquefaction eval.
Buildings Seismic code, building inventory, Inventory of importantbuildings, Design plan, Const. cost
Building taxonomy & damageestimation
Infrastructure& lifeline
Road, water, sewage, electricity, phone line network.Construction cost
Damage estimation
Socioeconomic
Population, household, demography, economic statistics,land use plan, development plan, disaster managementplan, evacuation place
Human loss & economic lossestimation, disaster managementresource
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• Temporary evacuation sites• (a few hours – a day)
• Evacuation centers(longer term stay)
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• Welfare evacuation centers for survivors that require medical attention
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• People start evacuating 2-5 minutes after an earthquake• Walking speed assumed to be 1m/sec, or 0.5m/sec for people
with difficulty of movement • Outside locations and building facilities to be used as evacuation
centers in general should be in a safe location, away from landslide risk areas, from tsunami risk zones, from liquefaction high risk zones.
• Using these conditions, identify outside open space or building facilities (including privately owned buildings) that could be used as temporary evacuation sites, evacuation centers.
• For welfare evacuation centers, choose facilities that can cope with survivors with medical needs
How to identify locations for tsunami evacuation centers and buildings
Detailed technical manuals on how to set up evacuation centers are available from
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation (MLIT),
• Fire and Disaster Management Agency Japan (FDMA), and • Cabinet Office
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Standardization of icons, colour schemes, and other visualization rules
• Making the information actionable
• Uncertainties in scenario, handling of extreme scenarios
• What if data not available
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• Website• Web based GIS• Paper version• Apps for smartphone• Lectures upon request • Disaster education in
classroom or for residents • Town walks using hazard
map
Photo: Courtesy of Saitama city 28
• In many client countries, information on all three aspects (hazard, evacuation facilities, geospatial data, local knowledge) may exist, but in different ministries, and in academia.
• Technical assistance on how to create preparedness maps can bring the stakeholders together and create an opportunity to show the potential of bringing information together to create a tool useful for disaster risk management.
• To put these preparedness maps and the information in it in the hands of the people who can learn and use the knowledge to survive the next big event, thus reducing vulnerability.
• Discussion on going with DRM agencies in Central Asian and in the Pacific 29
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