Kerosene Toxicity

5/20/2018 Kerosene Toxicity

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Kerosene Toxicity


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Sources and mode of toxicity Kerosene is one of the petroleum distillate .It is colorless

fluid with charachteristic odour. It has low viscosity & lowvolatility ...low surface tension ..spread on respiratorymucosa

The main route of kerosene toxicity is inhalationafter ingestion (aspiration). Acute, oral exposures

may occur from accidental or intentional ingestion.Inhalation or dermal absorption of kerosene mayoccur during occupational exposures (petrochemicaland aviation sectors).It could be mixed withinsecticides other chemicals which may be moretoxic than kerosene itself.


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!ulmonary effects

Pulmonary toxicity is the result ofhydrocarbon aspiration. The lower theviscosity and higher the volatility thegreater the ris! of pulmonaryaspiration. The hydrophobic nature ofhydrocarbons allows them topenetrate deep into thetracheobronchial tree producinginflammation and bronchospasm. Thevolatile chemical may displacealveolar oxygen leading to hypoxia."irect contact with alveolar

membranes can lead to hemorrhagehyperemia edema surfactantinactivation leu!ocyte infiltration andvascular thrombosis. The result ispoor oxygen exchange atelectasisand pneumonitis.


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"espiratory symptoms

generally begin in thefirst few hours afterexposure and usuallyresolve in #$% days.&omplications includehypoxia, barotrauma

due to mechanicalventilation, and adultrespiratory distresssyndrome (A"').!rolonged hypoxia mayresult in

encephalopathy,seiures, and death.


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&linical effects of acute

exposure * The ma+or route of exposure is by

inhalation of liuid (aspiration)

* -erosene vapors is irritant to therespiratory system resulting insigns of pulmonary irritation chemical pneumonitis manifested by

coughing and dyspnoea cyanosis,fever tachypnea, wheees

* Acute dermal exposure may resultin local irritation,

* Acute exposure to large amount ofkerosene may result in &

depressant effects including,drowsiness, convulsions, coma

rarely convulsions mall amount cause ..pulmonary

effects/hypoxia..& affectionindirectly


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& effects

& toxicity

occasionally observed

following kerosene

ingestion appears to beindirect and secondary

to pulmonary

involvement with

resulting hypoxia. If large amount

ingested direct &

depression may occur.


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&ardiac effects

evere arrhythmias are

a ma+or concern.

0tiologies include

hypoxia, myocardial

sensitiation tocatecholamines .

udden death has been

reported as a result of

coronary vasospasmdue to hydrocarbon

inhalation.


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1ocal irritation is theusual 2I manifestationof hydrocarboningestion. Abdominalpain and nausea arecommon complaints.3omiting increases the

likelihood of pulmonaryaspiration.

2astrointestinal effects


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T#$%T$'T

(.$mergency measures ) %*+" care of coma&pulmonary oedema

,.$limination

-.ymptomatic ttt ) corticosteroids antibiotics/prophylactic &for ttt of bronchopneumonia 0

1. prevention)

$ducate the parents to !eep toxic substances out

of reach of children safty closure of such

products familiar containers should not be used

for storage of such products


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Route of Exposure Symptoms First Aid

Inhalation &onfusion.&ough. 'iiness.4eadache. ore

throat.5nconsciousness.

6resh air rest. Artificialrespiration if indicated. "eferfor medical attention.

Skin 'ermatitis,redness .

"emove contaminatedclothes. "inse and thenwash skin with soap water .

Eyes "edness. 6irst rinse with plenty ofwater for 78$9: minutes

Ingestion 'iarrhea. ausea.3omiting.

'o ;T induce vomiting .insevere cases mixedtoxicity do 21 < cuffed 0T


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Thank You

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Kerosene Toxicity