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ZqZ»sI\[�~zZ^»‹t7}#Öì:"The last feature to be noted about Muhammad's

marriage is that he used both his own and those of theclosest companions to further political ends. This wasdoubtless a continuation of older Arabian Practice. AllMuhammad's own marriages can be seen to have atendency to promote friendly relations in the politicalsphere. Khadijah brought him wealth, and the beginningof influence in Mecca politics. In the case of Sawdah,whom he married at Mecca, the Chief aim may have beento provide for the widow of a faithful Muslim, as also inthe later marriage with Zaynab bint Khuzaymah; butSawdah's husband was the brother of a man whomMuhammad perhaps wanted to keep from becoming anextreme opponent; and Zaynab's husband belonged to theclan of al-Muttalib, for which Muhammad had a specialresponsibility, while he was also cultivating good relationswith her own tribe of Amir bin Sasaah. His first wives atMedina, Aishah and Hafsah, were the daughters of themen on whom he learned most, Abu Bakr and Umar andUmar also married Muhammad's grand-daughter, ummKulthum bint Ali. Umm Salamah was not merely a

24 Å{�i0Ï' Ñ

deserving widow, but a close relative of the leading manof the Meccan clan of Makhzum. Juwayriyah was thedaughter of the Chief of the tribe of al-Mustaliq, withwhom Muhammad had been having special trouble.Zaynab bint Jahsh, besides being Muhammad's cousin,was a confederate of the Meccan clan of Abd Shams, but asocial motive may have outweighed the political one inher case -to demonstrate that Muhammad had broken withold taboos. Nevertheless the clan of 'Abd Shams' and AbuSufyan b. Harb in particular, were in his thoughts, for AbuSufyan had a Muslim daughter, umm Habibah, married toa brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh; and when the husbanddied in Abyssinia, Muhammad sent a messenger there toarrange a marriage with her. The marriage withMaymunah would similarly help to cement relations withher brother-in-law, Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas. Theremay also have been political motives in the unions withthe Jawesses, Safiyah and Rayhanah." (1)

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