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Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts 19-23 April 2010, Kyoto, Japan. Klein-Nishina effect on high-energy gamma-ray emission of GRBs. Xiang-Yu Wang ( 王祥玉) Nanjing University, China (南京大學) Co-authors: Hao-Ning He (NJU), Zhuo Li (PKU), Zi-Gao Dai (NJU), - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Klein-Nishina effect on high-Klein-Nishina effect on high-energy gamma-ray emission of energy gamma-ray emission of
GRBs GRBs
Xiang-Yu WangXiang-Yu Wang(( 王祥玉)王祥玉)
Nanjing University, ChinaNanjing University, China(南京大學)(南京大學)
Co-authors: Hao-Ning He (NJU), Zhuo Li (PKU), Zi-Gao Co-authors: Hao-Ning He (NJU), Zhuo Li (PKU), Zi-Gao Dai (NJU), Dai (NJU),
Xue-Feng Wu (PennState), Peter Meszaros (PennState),Xue-Feng Wu (PennState), Peter Meszaros (PennState),
Deciphering the Ancient Universe with Gamma-Ray Bursts 19-23 April 2010, Kyoto, Japan
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
Fermi observations of Fermi observations of GRB080916cGRB080916c
Abdo et al. 09
Short GRB: T_90=~1 s
Significant high-energy emission up to T0+200s
Extended high-energy emission Extended high-energy emission of short GRB 090510of short GRB 090510
GRB090510
De Pasquale et al. 09
GRB090902B—a long GRB090902B—a long GRBGRB
t^-1.5
Abdo et al. 09Abdo et al. 09
Klein-Nishina (KN) effect Klein-Nishina (KN) effect may be important in may be important in
Prompt high-energy gamma-ray emission ( Prompt high-energy gamma-ray emission ( if it is due to synchrotron emission)if it is due to synchrotron emission)
Temporal Extended High Energy EmissionTemporal Extended High Energy Emission
Klein-Nishina IC scatteringKlein-Nishina IC scattering
Thomson IC scatteringThomson IC scattering KN IC scatteringKN IC scattering
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
KN effect may be important KN effect may be important in in
Prompt high-energy gamma-ray emissionPrompt high-energy gamma-ray emission
Temporal Extended High Energy EmissionTemporal Extended High Energy Emission
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
Prompt spectrum of Prompt spectrum of GRB080916CGRB080916C
a b
c d
1.Band function fits the KeV-GeV data
2. No bump is seen at high energies
Some other bursts: high-energy Some other bursts: high-energy emission consistent with the emission consistent with the
extrapolation extrapolation
GRB080825C, GRB090217GRB080825C, GRB090217
GRB090217
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
The synchrotron scenarioThe synchrotron scenario
1) Can the maximum syn. energy reach 70 1) Can the maximum syn. energy reach 70 GeV ?GeV ?
Yes, only when Bohm diffusive shock acceleration ( )
1d ---a parameter describing ---a parameter describing the efficiency of the shock the efficiency of the shock accelerationacceleration
1d
( Wang, Li, Dai & Meszaros 2009 )
)1000( (cf Ioka’talk)
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
The synchrotron scenarioThe synchrotron scenario
two assumptions: 1) equipartition magnetic field:
2) causality constraint:
Inverse Compton must be in theInverse Compton must be in the Klein-Nishina Klein-Nishina regimeregime,,
which leads naturally to which leads naturally to a low, invisible IC a low, invisible IC componentcomponent
2) Why no visible IC bump?
Tm
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
The synchrotron scenarioThe synchrotron scenario KN effect on the low-energy spectrumKN effect on the low-energy spectrum
e
e
ddN
e
1e
2e
)1( pe
Can makes the low-energy spectrum harder (Can makes the low-energy spectrum harder (αα= -1.02±0.02) in = -1.02±0.02) in GRB080916C GRB080916C ((also see Derishev et al. 2003; Nakar et al. 09))
Low-energy spectral index ?
The ratio of IC cooling efficiency to syn cooling The ratio of IC cooling efficiency to syn cooling efficiency is not a constant anymore, but depends on efficiency is not a constant anymore, but depends on γγ
KN effect may be important KN effect may be important in in
Prompt high-energy gamma-ray emission Prompt high-energy gamma-ray emission (some bursts Band function fit well, some (some bursts Band function fit well, some deviate from Band function)deviate from Band function)
Temporal Extended High Energy EmissionTemporal Extended High Energy Emission
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
Models for the extended Models for the extended emissionemission Hadronic cascade process Hadronic cascade process (Dermer & Atoyan 04) (Dermer & Atoyan 04)
Forward shockForward shock——long livedlong lived synchrotron: slow decay synchrotron: slow decay (Kumar & Barniol Duran09)(Kumar & Barniol Duran09) IC: rise initially and slow decay IC: rise initially and slow decay (Zhang & Meszaros (Zhang & Meszaros
01; Fan et al. 08)01; Fan et al. 08)
Reverse shock --- short lived, fast decay Reverse shock --- short lived, fast decay (Wang et al. 2001)(Wang et al. 2001)
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
Forward shock IC Forward shock IC emissionemission
Zhang & Meszaros 01
First rise, then decay
Forward shock synchrotron Forward shock synchrotron scenarioscenario
Can easily explain the Can easily explain the simple decaysimple decay
The flux level matches The flux level matches the observations the observations (Kumar (Kumar &Barniol Duran 09)&Barniol Duran 09)
Possible problems: Possible problems: 1) maximum photon 1) maximum photon
energy energy (Abdo et al. (Abdo et al. arXiv:0909.2470; Piran & arXiv:0909.2470; Piran & Nakar 10)Nakar 10)
2) too steep 2) too steep (Ghisellini et al. (Ghisellini et al. 09), 09), see also Poster #95 (T. see also Poster #95 (T. Uehara) on 090926AUehara) on 090926A
Barniol Duran & Kumar 09
If afterglow emission, KN If afterglow emission, KN effect should be taken into effect should be taken into
accountaccount For afterglow electrons in the Thomson For afterglow electrons in the Thomson scattering, scattering,
YY
For high-energy afterglow emission, For high-energy afterglow emission, ( ) is large, inverse Compton ( ) is large, inverse Compton
scattering with synchrotron peak photons should scattering with synchrotron peak photons should be in Klein-Nishina regimebe in Klein-Nishina regime
Sari & Esin 2001:
<
Compton Y parameter depends on γ, therefore depends on ν !
One example: the slow-One example: the slow-cooling casecooling case
i) Values of compton Y i) Values of compton Y parameters parameters
(t=1 s)(t=1 s)Wang, He, et al. 2010, ApJ
Compton Y parameters (t=10 Compton Y parameters (t=10 s)s)
KN effects -summary (1) KN effects -summary (1)
For a wide range of parameters, For a wide range of parameters, Y(100MeV) is initially small, typically Y(100MeV) is initially small, typically smaller than 1smaller than 1
Leading to a high synchrotron luminosity Leading to a high synchrotron luminosity at early time at early time
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
Y here is dependent
of ν
Kumar & Barniol Duran 09:
ii) KN effect on the ii) KN effect on the spectrumspectrum
Slow-cooling case Fast-cooling case
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
The short GRB case The short GRB case (He & Wang 09)(He & Wang 09)
Spectra and Light curves under typical Spectra and Light curves under typical parameters for short GRBsparameters for short GRBs
KN effects –summary (2) KN effects –summary (2)
At very early time, synchrotron emission At very early time, synchrotron emission is usually dominant in the LAT energy is usually dominant in the LAT energy band (30MeV to tens of GeV)band (30MeV to tens of GeV)
SSC dominates only above the maximum SSC dominates only above the maximum synchrotron energysynchrotron energy
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
iii) Evolution of Y parameters iii) Evolution of Y parameters with timewith time
Slow-cooling caseSlow-cooling case
Wang, He, et al. 2010
The fast-cooling caseThe fast-cooling case
KN effects –summary (3) KN effects –summary (3) For certain parameter space, Y(100MeV) For certain parameter space, Y(100MeV)
increases with time--- the KN suppression effect increases with time--- the KN suppression effect of high-energy electrons weakens with time, of high-energy electrons weakens with time, so that the IC loss increases with time.so that the IC loss increases with time.
If Y(100MeV) >1 as well, leading to a steeper If Y(100MeV) >1 as well, leading to a steeper decay than predicted by the standard decay than predicted by the standard synchrotron theorysynchrotron theory
A testable prediction for this scenario: the A testable prediction for this scenario: the spectrum becomes harder meanwhile spectrum becomes harder meanwhile
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
GRB090510GRB090510
De Pasquale et al. 2009
Ghirlanda et al. 2009
Standard syn model: LAT should decay as
GRB090902BGRB090902B
t^-1.5
Xiang-Yu Wang Nanjing Univ.
ConclusionsConclusions If the prompt high-energy emission is of If the prompt high-energy emission is of
synchrotron origin, KN is important and may synchrotron origin, KN is important and may affect the prompt low-energy spectrumaffect the prompt low-energy spectrum
KN effect is important in estimating the KN effect is important in estimating the afterglow synchrotron emission, which leads afterglow synchrotron emission, which leads toto
Early high synchrotron luminosityEarly high synchrotron luminosity Faster temporal decay in some parameter spaceFaster temporal decay in some parameter space When modeling the high-energy afterglow When modeling the high-energy afterglow
emission, emission, treat carefully the KN scattering treat carefully the KN scattering effect effect on the electron radiationon the electron radiation
Backup slide Backup slide KN effect KN effect on electron distributionon electron distribution
How the synchrotron luminosity is How the synchrotron luminosity is affected depends on the electron affected depends on the electron distribution distribution (Nakar et al. 09; Wang et al. 10)(Nakar et al. 09; Wang et al. 10)
1) slow cooling
2) fast cooling