Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
korn kaw 30
Citation preview
wFefxkufbvDc.efj[Fif;
=rfjqDjwFif;awMb
rBm ��� vldefyFwfb yDwB; ���� �� ��� � ���� ☺��� ����
L������������
|6| cyfhckdifumefz.rfh=rfj 1983
|12| qOfjqmrfbxkef; rldif;y.ef
|14| qkrf;rldif;vM;nrfb,.rf;rmefjrdyfbnD;
|15| okduf;wB;,kdOf;okduf;rmefj ...
|22| NDAA rkdif;vm;typf&yftzGJG‹tm;}wd*Hwkdif; zdtm;ay;|26| etz AkdvfrSL;ESifhopfukefonfrsm; ypfowfcH&|30| ArmjynfuH-urRm=ab*sif;uomu,fwif±Sif|32| 'Drkdua&pD yifrr%Kdif 7 &yfÈ
9 16 27 34
wFefxkufbvDc.efj[Fif;
=rfjqDjwFif;awMb
wFefxkufbvDc.efj[Fif;/ =rfjqDjwFif;awMb
9Coy lwK0y.-K9yj 95dyroy.r,6b;yr-Goy 95dyrxGoy
p5b;yj-:'yg9kj95;ypy.j? a6'y,59yt,ur9K'yr9y.h
l,ytxy.TdGxyr]C,yrdboy? -6dyr;5oyt,Coyh';yr]wKr
dKoy,5b'yrdKoyl6bdyr ,5b'yrs;yr o6b'yhx:9yro6b'yh
9:oyhgl ]:,y9Cdyhcox5b'yxGoyv:oyjowt?
Jg9kjdboy]6dyh9Coy/ xwj0K'yh-Coy/ ,59ytp5j
9y.hsCoyxy.T]C,yrdboySo,yt95dyrpw:TlKdyhg9kj"
S xdyraK'ysK'yhx5b'y,oyrxGoy;wTo'yjow?
]6dyh9Coyc]hs^'yr9Coy,5boyd5oyr,5b'yr
;Koyhv5b'yjoy.r06b'yh9wrs;yr? 06,yr,Cdyjd:'yh
d6b9yrl6bdyr-;yl,yt ,5boyc,h9Coya6'y9Coy?
06,yrl6bdyr,Koyhl,yt,5boyg9kj? a6'y,59yt05b;yr
xy.T,:'yrdboylKdyhg9kjl,yt ,5boy06,yrd\oytz69yt/
x]bdyh,Koyh/ l6bdyrmKdyh Zxuj960b9ytd,yh
z:'yhX 05b;yrxGoy-:oyt9;yt 06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh?
q pK'yh-;yhoy.r #QQ)S#QQ_ -K;yr9K'yr
xuxwKowt 06,yrl6bdyr,KoyhgdkhsK'yh]:dyr
dK'y]wKr,kr 9:oyh-6bdyTpy.j]wK05b;yt]wKx5b'y? -:9yj
p:9yh]5xyr]6boyrxK'yd6,y]5'y05b;yt0K9yh (NC)
-;y voy09yrsCoyr,kr0G,y,5b;yh @++$ /
oC9yh-Goyj9C,yhx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr,y.j-;y m6b'y9uh
p;yt95;yh? m6b'y,krs;yxu #QQ_ gdkh x6boyzK;yj
]:'yhg9sG9yrxK'yp'yjdK'y0y.d5oyr,5b'yr9kj
,dyr,oyhx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr,y.j-;y ,5b;yh]5boyg,H
,Coyhz:'yrxGoy-K;yj]:'yh06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh
-.Kdyh,5b'yr p5j9uhgxTx6oyhgl sk]:dyr-6b'y]wKr
,bxyjvur96dyr,wh06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr 9kjsy>h]Cdyh
]wKh-wKTx69yh/ 9kjsy>hl69yhs^oyxw:jzkhlGoyh
9K'yrpbxyrd:'yhdK'yjS06,yro6b'yhp;yt06,yro6b'yh
9uho6b'yhp;yt9uho6b'yh?
q v:oy;oyr x:9yroy.;oyro6b'yh ,:dyhdK'y
]5boyd\4oyHx5oyt,kr? 0wKrpuhz5'yr d.kj
soy]:'yh]Kdyj]wKrv:oyjl6b;yhs^r]C'yr Zs^r
]K'yr9GoyX sb,yrzdyr959K'yr]'y]6,yr9w:j
s<dyhs;yrgl,krs<'ytd.kjco? g9kj]boyd:xyh
0xyrsK'yr9Coy 96bdyT05dyrdG;ytdboy]6dyh9Coy
o6,yjv:oyj 95;yo6b'yhp;ty95;yo6b'yh? a6'y9Coy
gdkhv,yj95'y tv,yjo6b'y v,yj-6 b'y]wKrl'y
Z]Cxyhd.'y,6b'yX ,6b'yt95Pyr]wKp5j? ]6dyho6,yjz5hx:'ydKoyl6bdyr 9xytl6bdyr06b'yh9wr (SSA-N) 0;yhl6bdyr]5'y xK'yjakT
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
g9kjdboy]6dyh9Coy xwj0K'yh-Coy
,59ytp5j9y.h sCoyxy.T
]C,yrdboyo,yt95dyrpw:TlKdyhg9kj
sK'yhmwKjokhl5b;yhxxytS l6bdyrs^,yj]5,yh';yh'6oyr9xyt06,yr @ 9xytl6bdyr06b'yh9wr Zx:9yrs<'yjX 9uh9K9yjswKrxk #*2#2#QQ_
Shan Herald Agency for News 3
INDEPENDENCE
@Q ;oyr? g909yrsCoyrxK'y]5bdyh9'yhoy.rxu
#Q@Q ;khow?
awKjo6b'yh9K'yro6b'yh x5b;yh9kjd6,yrd,y',y
05bdyh06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr @Q 06,yrxwK9'yr,5b'yr
ooytgdkh pK'yh9boyjsK'yj,kr/ sK'yh]:dyrdK'y
]wKr,kr/ 0y.T96b;yrxkr-:oytx:9yr'k s<,yrzkgskj
-;yh,6oyr? {,5boyo'yjoy.r-K;yjx:9yr-K;yjpK;yr
]:'yhl6bdyr,Koyh96dyr,wh,bxyjvurd,ydboyr06,yr
]5,yr 9K'yjcodK'y0y.9K'yrsoym6b'y ,5b;yhdK'y
]5boycaH[b;yHiuH #QQ_ ? 0b0,yhco;khS
Jvoyz5hd:oyrl6bdyr,Koyh-;y,krm5xyrz5ho,yr
s;yrooyt x5b;yh9kj,krsk96b;yt9K'yrz:oyr]u-;y/
g90K'yh,krp:dyh,:oyj0Cdyjcz,bxyjvurs^Pyr
0oysK'yh]:dyr o'yjs6b;ygxkrxGoyo,yt9:oyr-;y/
d,yH0k9k]:'yh]bxyr]:'yh9wKc]h vGoysC'yr
9xytl6bdyr06b'yh9wr Zx:9yrs<'yjX owt ,uroy.r,6b;yr
0;yhs;yr Z0;yhxK'yjakTX _Q8 ? v5Pyr]u
06,yr0K;yr-5b;yr Zd6b9yrl6bdyrX d,yho,ygdkh
xdyr9kxy.T95Pyr0;yhs;yr? soym6b'y;kh0;yh
s;yrxGoyz5ho,yrgdkTvoy]K9yhl6b;yhsG9yr
l6b;yh? gxkrg9p5j0,yv5b,yh0xyr]:dyr95'yj
x5boyhsK'yhc9t l6bdyrsKoyz5h,ur0oytg9-:'yt
-,y0y. pK'yhpKxyjxwpKxyj9kj-K;yrokh? z5h
-Goy,5bdyh,y.howt v,yj]5b;ygl-5r;krlboym,yr
gxkh -;yp'yrsk]wKr]6bxyhgskhv:dyj,5b'yr? z5h
o,yr-6bdyT06,yrpK'yrz5bdyj (KNU) z95;yj,oyr
l\kjgdkh xw:j,6b;yrd:'yhp6b;yrxC9yh? s;yr-khoxyt
lK'yhsoym6b'yc9t 06,yrl6bdyr,KoyhzCoydKoy
s^PyrdC9yjv;yz5ho,yrs;yr/ gxkr]whdC,ys^;y
x;yh Z0;yhdwKjakTX gdkh 9kjdKoy,5b'yrp;ty
95;yh *Q8 / gxkr]whz5hx:'ydKoyl6bdyr Z0;yh
xK'yjakTX gdkh 9kjdKoyl6bdyr2dKoy,5 b'yr
(SSA-N) p;yt95;yh )Q8 c]h]wh,wh0y.? ]:'yh
05b;yrowt xGoy]whv,yjxGoy]wh z5hv:oys;ys;yr
-kh-Coyrs^T"S;khow?
o:dyhglowt 0;yh]K;yr95b'yr Z0K;yr
-5b;yr;kTX gdkh 95Pyr]6xyhdwKjxoy Z]wK]wKx:dyh
0G,y,5b;yhxKoyz5hd:oyr95b'yrl6bdyr 0:,ysKoy
,\boyt]wKj S ]khlG;yhX ;kh 96boyrv,yjm6dyj]u
d.kjm5xyrz5hd:oyrl6bdyr,Koyh-;y]kr]kr? 0K'yh
xGoy]wKrS-;yh]whv,yjv:dyj]wh?
]whs^T;kh9'yhc9js^;yxu #QQ( ,kr
0;yhxK'yjakTgdkh v,yj-;yh;G'yr Z]khlG;yh
9K'ytpKoyr ,5b'yrpw ,5b'yrl5hX ,5boyd5hx:dyh/
v,yjd.kjs^xytm5xyrz5hd:oyrl6bdyr,Koyhoy.r;G'yr?
z5h,ur0oyt9'yro,y 05b;yroxytp,ysdyTs<,y
gl]wK,oyr0;yh Z05b;yto'yj 0;yh';yrakT
0;yhg0kr,5b'yr -;yX gdkhdwTdwTsK,yhcsT v,yj
-y.hsy>hd.kj]5b,yhd5b,yhd5,yho:,yrz5hd:oyrl6bdyr,Koyh/
m6b'y9uh,K'ygdkT pK,yhs<'ytswh'6Py'6Pyc]h
9kjx:dyho6b'yh vK'yh]6dyT';yh'6oyrlC'ydC;ytd.kj
gxkrs;yrs^T;kh,oyrsG9yrl'y
9uh]y. ,5b;yh]y. xGoyzy. xkrzy. d:xyhl'y
sG9yr05b;tys6b;yowooyt -6b9yr-6b9yr0,y0,y
s;yr0'yj0K'yhdK'y]:dyrdC9yjcsT]wh
o6b'yhp;yt06,yro6b'yh?} z:'yrs^;yxu 0:,yl6bdyr
cpr,\boyt 9K'y95;y9Koyrl5Pyjgld.kj9uh
lC'ydC;yt Z';yh'6oyr06,yr9wrd6b9yrl6bdyr SSA-
N x:9yrs<'yjX d.kjd:'yr-kr Z';yh'6oyr06,yr-K'y
,5b'yr9wrd6b9yrl6bdyr KDA g0H;G'yrd59yt-wKX
d.kj];yjdwKr Z';yh'6oyr06,yrd5;yrdK'ytX d.kjxkr
xK'ylK'yr Z';yh'6oyr 06,yr;kTd6b9yrl6bdyr
UWSAX d.kj,5b'yr]kr Z';yh'6oyr06,yr9wrS
v-kjd6b9yrl6bdyr NDAAX ? d.kj]K9yh;kh
9K'y95;y9Koyrl5Pyjgl aK'yt0C'yh;wTS9:oyh
9kj]Cdyh]wKhsy>h-5xyr'K,yjdoy9'yr ';yr]wKr,y.j
-;yh]:dyrx5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr,y.j? s;ys6xyh,oyrc9t
-y.h;kh 0:,yr]wKrd;yj,5jzy.06,yr,oyr xGoy06b;yh
dKoy,5b'yrdKoyl6bdyrgl p5jd.kj,5boyxdyrd;yj
x5b'yd;yj v,yj]whp;yt? Jl5g9]wh;5oytv;y
voyxoy9K'yr]5bdyhl5 $ 9K'yr" Z;K'yr-5b'yh/
-;yhm5boyj/ p5joy.rl6bdyr,Koyhd,yrl6b;yhXSv,yj
9:dyrl6b;yh9Cdyj]C'yr05b;ytowgl9kT 96boyr
dC9yj-;yh]:dyrooyt?
okhxK'yp'yjdK'y0y.ooyt z5h,ur0oyt
06,yr9wrd6b9yrl6bdyrx:9yrs<'yjd,yhz:'yh]K9yhS
J,Koyhowt dKoy,oyrgdkh,oyrsG9yr/ dKoys;yr
gdkhs;yrsG9yr" ? 0y.hp;yt/ dKoy,oyrowTxGoy
l'y? o'yjs6b;yd5oyr,5b'yrs;yr 06,yrsdyT0K9yh
s;yr9dyrzKoy/ xwKh/ 9CdyjpwKh]6]C;y? d5Pyr
xGoy-b'yzG9yr]5b;y,Kdyjzb9yt/ 9wKhg,kh,wh]5b;y
g,kh 9K'y06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr9'yr]wK?
dKoy,oyr,oyrsG9yrc9t 0y.hp5j? gxkr
s;yrs^T;kh,oyrsG9yrl'y/ 9uh]y./ ,5b;yh]y./ xGoy
zy.xkrzy./ d:xyhl'y/ sG9yr05b;tys6b;yowooyt -6b9yr
-6b9yr0,y0,yd:oyjSs;yr0'yj0K'yhdK'y]:dyr
dC9yjcsT]wh? s;yrsT]:'yhs;yr]u sT]:'yh,oyr
]u s;yr0'yjg9p5j]:9yh]bxyr-ur x5oyt]:dyr
,oyr]whooyt z5hv:oys^;yd5h0;yh-CoyrsT?
q ;oyrmb #_2#2Q_ 0:,yl6bdyrgd\kj;boyr
voyxGoyz5hd:oyr $ 95b'yrl6bdyroy.r06b'yh
9wrc]h]6dyho:'yt06,yr05b;yrp:xyro6b'yh d.kjm5xyr
z5hv:oys^;y06,yr9wrd6b9yrl6bdyrx:9yrs<'yj 9uh
';yh'6oyrlC'ydC;yt? s^;yx;yh0:,ysKoy]w:,K;yr/
dC,ys^;yx;yh 0;yhl6bdyr]5'ydwKjakT vbdyjz5h
o,yr';yh'6oyr )S_ 0;yh xy.T9:oyhsxyt]G'yt]5
]5b,yhd5b,yhs^,y05,yr? 0;yhl6bdyr]5'yxK'yjakT
voyxGoyz5hx:'ydKoyl6bdyr SSA-N c]h z5h
d:oyr9xyt06,yr @ c9t v,yjd.kjm5xyr0:,yr?
v:oy9K'yrokhooyt ,:dyh;5'yhxwKSd:xyh
v,yj-y.hsy>h0;yhxK'yjakT ZvoyxGoy9uh0y.py.j
x6b'yhvb'yl6bdyrsKoy vbdyj z5h,ur0oytd,yho,yX
d.kjm5xyrz5hd:oyrl6bdyr,Koyh0:,yrc]h z5h,ur
0oyt oy.r9xyt06,yr @ ,K'ygdkT p'yr9w:jlwK
dkh,oyrsK'yh]:dyrdK'y]wKr,kr05b;y ts6 b;yooyt
,K'yx:dyh,K'yz;yj s;yrv,yj9oyrs^T? z5b;yjs^T
gxkr95dyr]6boyrxC9yhgdkh,ur? o:dyhglowtvoy
],yj]:'yhl69yrc9t dKoys;yr s;yrl,tysG9yr
]whdkhs6b;y,:dyhs6b;y/ sK'yhsCoyr-6b'yx:'y;wto'yjs6b;y?
o,ytd9yt9K'yr]C9yrs;yrSvGoysC'yrs;yrd5hawKj
awKjl,yt 95;yh9oyr;wT0oyt]y.? owtxGoyokh9uh
z5hsdyT0K9yhd5hgdkTd5h06,yr ,urx6oyhz:oyr
4 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L]khlG;yh v,yjxGoyd.kjgl x:dyh,5b;yr-6boyr
';yh'6oyr9xyt06,yr @ ?
]6dyho:'tyd,yhz:'yhgdkh;kh d9ytdkhp'yr
,ur0;yhxK'yjakT0y.oG;ydoyhdCoyj;wt?,url'ygdkh
v6xyjd6,y96,ys^;ydoyp;yt 0'yj9Cxyr99yr?
x5b'yo6b'yhzu95;yzu-b'yr,oyr0;yhgdkh]uc]h
gdkh0y.hc]h 0'yj]K9yh"S;khow? z5b;yj'boyr
-K;yj;kh 0;yhl5b;ymCoyh ]whm6dyj9b Z_2#2
#QQ*X p;ytgdkh 0;yhxK'yjakT]5,yra6boyt
v;y9k,6b;yrm6xytz5boygl x:'ytlCoyj Jd;y;kh
p5j]5r" Sowp;yt?
pK,yr]G;y oy.rz5hv:oys;y06,yr9wrd6b9yr
# x:dyhd5Pyr"S ]6dyho:'yt,oyr0;yhgdkTo6b'yh
pK,yh-whco? ,5b;yh0;yhdoyjo Zz5hd:oyr9xyt
06,yr @@ SSNA x:9yrg0Hv5 lCoy;uX/
0;yhd6'yj-5b;yr Zz5hd:oyr9xyt06,yr @+ SSNA
x:9yro,tyx:'yh ]khlG;yhX v:oy;K'yr-5b'yh05r
l6bdyr,Koyh s^;yxu #QQ( ooytgdkh 0;yhxK'yj
akT 95'yt9dyTaK'ytdC,yr]6dyho:'ty Zz5h,ur0oyt2
z5hd:oyrl6bdyr,oyr0;yhX d,yr]G;y;khSJpkj
p:'yjpkjp5b'yh Zpkjp6xyrpKoyhp:oyjgpkh
pkTp6'yhX ,5boyooy? 9dyr]whsT0dyr;wTodyr
0CdyjczmCdyjco ]:'yhzb9yrm6dyj]u0kT"S
owp;yt?
q vb'yo5b;y06,yrl6bdyr,KoyhdK'y]:dyrsK'yh
]wKr ,bxyjvurs^Pyr0Cdyjc]h ,5b;yh;oyr
-K'y]6dyTz6boyt s^;y]5boyaCxyH[b;yHiuH #QQ_
z5ho,yr06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyrd,yhz:'yh ]whv6xyjd6,y
]5'yt]C'yrdoy;wT]wK05b;yt]wKx5b'y? ;wKrooytv,yj
s6b'y 0oytz5ho,yr 06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr ,:oyr/ 9wr/
;kT/ v-kj -;y9b9yrg9kj-;yhv:dyj]5'yt]C'yr
doy lbxytmuj,kr]5b;yd;yj? 9uhgvjl69yr,oyr
o5b;y]dyrdKoy';yh'kj-6bdyTpy.jd,yhz:'yhooyt
]5'yt]C'yrdoy;wT? ,5boyo'yjSgxkr]whm6dyjd,y
gxkr]whm6dyjd,ydboyr0y.T;K'yr-5b'yh,kr
g9v,yjp:,yro'yjdoy
]Goyh]:dyrzy.,oyr 95Pyr0:,yr';yr]wwKrd.kj
-G'yj0y.py.jx6b'yhvb'ydoy
0y.-C'ysC'yr95b;yrdKoy-6boyh? s;yxu #QQ* ,5b;yhokh
0;yhl5b;ymCoyh g9d.kjPkr9b9uh95oyh9ur
ooyt ,oyr0;yhsK,yh;khS JdKoy0;yh-;y d;y
-khv,yjsG9yr]wh? d5Pyrdkh';yr]wKr05b'ytow
v,yjm6dyj]ud.kj/ d5;yxGoy9y.hxGoyo5b;y/ p5j9uh
z5ho,yrgdkTo6b'yh,urx6oyhz:oyrgdkh0y.h ,wh0y.
l6bdyrx:9yrs<'yj (SSA-N) 05b;yr,Kdyh,ur]uxGoy
d,yhz:'yh Z'6boyro,y-,yr]5b'yj,K'ygdkTX ooty
J0;yhxK'yjakT ;kh]whx:'yxGoy]5b;yx5boyhl69yr
gl9kTgdkh ,ur,oyr0;yhd5Pyrv,yjsG9yrsboyr
-6bdyT ,urdkr-C,yt,5dyroy.r;G'yrvC,yt-C,yt,5boy9K'yj
gdkT? d:xyh,urdKoyc]h pK,yh-;yh;G'yr9khd6'yh
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
,5b;yhg9kjxwj,krgxtdboy -boysG9yr-Goy
pGoy0y.p5j,5oyhc9tsboyr9Coy
]6dyh9Coyo6,yjSs<,y0y.py.jS9Coyrx69yhly.j-5b;yr9CoydCoyj-C'y
Shan Herald Agency for News 5
INDEPENDENCE
dboyr0y.T;K'yr-5b'yh,kr g9v,yjp:,yro'yjdoy?
]Goyh]:dyrzy.,oyrgl 95Pyr0:,yr';yr]wwKrd.kj?
-G'yj0y.py.jx6b'yhvb'ydoy? ]Cdyh]wKh Zxboyj06b;yhX
l'y,krgdkh gxkr0y.Tp5j9y.hl6bdyr,KoyhSv;y
-;yhoy.r9xyt,Koyhc9tv,yjz:,ytS0G,y05b;yrowtS
;khow?
gxkrs6xyh95Pyrg-kh,6oyr';yr]wKr05b;yrowt
06b'yS,ursC'yr0y.;khS Jg9kjdboy]6dyh9Coy
ooyt g90K'yhs,yhdoy-CoycsT]wh"Sowp5j?
q xGoys6b;ygdkh]u m6b'ydK'yxu-6b'yh]5b;y,krowt
';yr]wKr]:'yh06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr 9'yr06,yr
l6bdyr,Koyh-G'yh-C'yp6'yhpK'yhdoyooyt xGoy
-K;yj-5b;yrpy.r,krmC'yh? 0:,yro'yjz5hd:oyrl6bdyr
,Koyh s^PyrmCdyj,bxyjvur96dyr,wh sy>hz5ho,yr
06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr-;y 9'yhxkj9uj-;yh]5bdyh9'yh
#Q@Q ooyt ,K'y06,yrgdkh v6xyjd6,ydoy;kh
g9sG9yrs6b;y?
;wKrgll6bdyr,Koyh,dyr,oyhx5b'yx6b'yr,y.j-;y
,krowt d,yhz:'yhgdkh,wh0y.dG;yj]5Pyh9K'yrpKxyj
z6b9yj ]:'yhg9l6bxyjd,yd:'yh06dyr,oyhd.kj?
p5b'yrvKoyr06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr-;y0G,yx6b'yrooyt
p5;y0K'yhv6xyjv5;yrcdh]b9yhxoyskdKoy,5b'yr
owgl9kT l6bdyr,Koyhv,yjxoy96b;y t9K'yr
l6oyj]whl'y? 9K'yjcodK'y0y.9K'yrsoym6b'y
oy.rxK'yd6,y05b;yt0K9yh (NC) gdkh v;yoGxyr
0:dyTpK'yh-kjxC9yh? d,yrowtl,yt,kr,dyr,oyh
x5b'yx6b'yr,y.j-;ySg9v;yooyt,kr,bxyjvursy>h]Cdyh
]wKhSsy>hx6boytxw:jd:'yhdK'yj?
d,yho,y v,yj-y.h,urxoysk9'yrl6bdyr
,Koyh? x5b'y]5'y,oyrS06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr-;y -y.h
0:,yr]wKr ,5;yv,yj0,yt o,ytv,yj-6oyj dkhs6b;y
gdkh]u ,oyr,ur9uhl6bdyr,Koyh z:,ytSv,yjz:,yt?
06,yr05b;yr,ur';yh'6oyrxdyr0:,yr]Coy]boy,5boy
,5b'yr]kr/ xK'ylK'yr/ ];yjdwKr 05b;yrowtl,yt ,ur
9uhc-jd,yho,y? zy.gdkhv,yj-y.hxw:jzkhd:'yh
dK'yj95;yd;yj voypbxyr,kr xupK;yr-K;yrs6b'y?
06,yr,:oyrc9tx6boyzK;yj9Cdyj]C'yr;kh v,yj
p:,yrsxytxK'yp'yjdK'y0y.2x5b'y';yhx6b'yr,5b'yr,Koyh?
';yr]wKr,oyr 95'ytlKoyh,kro'yjow?
p:oytx5b;yhooygl 06,yrl6bdyr,Koyhgdkh
dkh]whdK'y]:dyrsK'yh]wKr,kr]wK05b;yt]wKx5b'y?
xkr0G,y]wKrsC9ytsK,yh99yrpkT]wKr'6boyr-;yh
06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr-;y Z05b;yrxGoydKoy,Kdyh,ur
dKoydkT-wKoy.r;G'yr vbdyj;Koyho:dyhX ]wK05b;yt
]wKvoy? 9uhcoto:oyr,oyrc9tSl6bdyr,Koyh
-6b'y]wKrSs^;yv5oyh9Gdyr s^;y]Gdyr;wT? 06,yr
]GdyTdboys6xyh/ 06,yrpy.j]6xyhs^Pyr/s6,yr95Pyr
0Cdyj,5b;y/ mCdyjm5b;ypkTpw:h/ 9C;yjs<wh]Kdyh0oy/
xoy-;yh,6oyrS'k-:oytx:9yr/ ,urzCoydKoy-K;yr
x:9yr-K;yrpK;yr/ -K;yr9K'yrxul:'yxu g9]ug9
0kTSs9yr9kT;kh9dyrco9y.h9k?
g9kjdboy]6dyh9Coy/ 0:'yjg90K'yh
-CoySlwK'wKg9z69yrxCoyoy.rxu #QQ+S#Q@Q
9dyrsoy]:'yh]bxyr]:'yh9wK 06,yrd6b9yrl6bdyr
9'yr]wK v,yjsK'yt?
lG'y-;yjs<dyh Z@(2)2Q_X
xK'y]5bdyh9'yh,5b'yr0b,yH[kH[5PyH Z#)2(2Q_X d6oyvxyHaib-5b;yH 0;yhvkjokj gikH[5b9yt ,5HdkHg[H -6boyrl6bxyjxGoy0:,y06b'yh
voyc-T06,yr]G;y gxTawKj]G;y/ sG9yr-6oyswKTo6bdyroG;y,krs6b'y/ vKoyrp6b9yhm6b'y-K;yrpK;yrd.kjmC'yh
gxkrs;yr09yrxK'y]5bdyh9'yh xu #Q@Q
g9p:oyrp6b,y-G'yjowtokh
6 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L
,5b;yhs;y]5boyd\4oyHowt 9K'yr-:'yjlujd:xyj
d5h06b'yh9wr (RCSS) ]wh9Cxyr99yrx5b;yh9kj
s<'ytxK'yd6,y]:'yhz:,tys^,yhoy.rxwKxuowt? sG9yrsy>h
z5h9C,yh;5oyt,Coyh;kh ,5b;yh0;yhd:oyr05b'yrs<'yt
]:'yyhz:,yts,yhooyt ]wKr]6dyTz6boyts6b'ypK;yr,kr
p;yt #* xu? ,Coyh]5boyd\4oyH @( ;oyr @+_$?
9K'yr RCSS voy0;yhp:9yhl6bdyro,yrs;y
g9,krs<'ytmC'yhd,yro6b'yhgdkh xGoyoy.r]5boy
d\4oyHd5Pyrv,yjgxkr/ xwKxGoy;wKr]'y0;yh
d:oyr05b'yr #* xumC'yho'yjd;yj?
-Goy voy,krp6b9yrv;y,5b'yr9wr;wtooytgdkh
o'yjs6b;yg9]whsC'yr]6,yhakTgl 9Gdyr]wh
06,yr0K;yr-5b;yr]6dyTz6boytooyt v;y]:'yhlKoy
-9yr-:,yj,b;yjob9ytcookhv,yj]whp;ytc]h
0'yj;dyTv;y ]:'yhlKoy-9yrpkh,;yrd,y
,krl5oyr96,y]6,yhakT/ v;ypkh,;yrd,y,kr
9krly.jokh]wKr]6dyTz6boytoy.r06b'yh9wr?
oy.rs^;y]5boygvHx¤5b;yH]y 9K'yr06,yr
l6bdyr,Koyh09yrsCoyr'krl6bdyr]5'y # 'kr -;yh
,kroy.rokh]boyx59yrxw:j;oyrv:dyj-5'yr? 'kro6b'yh
]6dyT9K'yr,5b'yrxoyj m5;yr,kr9K'yr9y.h? mC'yh
'kro6b'yh ]6dyT9K'yr,5b'yr95oym5;yr,kr9K'yr
;oyr95dyr? x;yh,wK Zp5b'yr,wKX -;yc9t xGoy
95oyr]w:loydK'yvoy,urg9kjokhg0H9:oyh
c,hs<'yhl:oy ,5b'yrmwr? ]:'yh]uxCdyj0y.]5'y]K'y
owt 'krl6bdyr05b;yrowt 0y.T]6dyhsKxyjd5oyrg-\kr
-;yg9kT9G'yj,kr-5b'yh,wT-5b'yh,6b;yrvoy0y.Tlw:
oy.rdKoys6'y95,yhpkh-K;yooytp;yt?
oy.rcdh $S@)2%2@+_$ ]whx6b9yr
p6b;yrdoyd5h;oyr? l6bdyr,Koyhxw:j9xyt-;y06,yr
o6b'yh p6b;yrdoy9'yrs;yr;wTgl 06,yr]5'y,oyr
c9t v,yjd6b9yrv,yjp'yt m5;yrd.kj]w:loydK'y
9bdyr9bdyr? m6b'yloydK'yp;ytgdkh s<'yt,:dyj
s<'yhdKoyawKjzG;yh,5Pytpkh,;yrd,yvg,HibdoyH
-ujsb;yr,boy,C'yr,uh (Helicopter) d.kj95Pyrgl
coxoy-5b'yh,wT-5b'yh,6b;yr voy-;y;khp6b9yr]wh
9uh9xytl6bdyrz:,tys^,yh]6dyTz6boyt Z06b'yh9wrX
SURA 06,yr0;yhd:oyr05b'yro,yrs^;y? x6boy
zK;yjg9kj]6,yhakT ]:'yh]wKr]6dytz6boyt06b'yh
9wr sG9yrdKoypkh,;yrd,y? gxkr-y.hzG;yhpkh
,;yrd,ygdkh 9dyrzG;yh]wKr]6dyTz6boyt06b'yh9wr
9'yrlG'yh?
gxkrv;ydKoyl6bdyr;khc9t 9xytl6bdyr
,Koyhowt 95b;yt,K9yj9wKswKoxytxKdyj]6l6,yro,y
c9tc9t? d5Pyrdkh v;ydKoy,5b'yr;khl,yt -;y
v:'yjgxTd.kjpy.jo,y/ sG9yrsy>hawKj]wKr]6dyT
z6boyt]6py.jl6,yr]5'y?
sG9yrsy>hz5hpy.jd5oyr]5'y9'yrlG'yh ]wh
m9yrlK'y';yr]wKrdKoy,5b'yr9K'yroy.r9K'yro:dyh
9'yrs6b'y x5b;yh9kjsk9K'yrv:dyj? m6b'y,krs^;y
]5boyd\4oyH Z@S*2(2@+_$X ]wh9Cxyr99yr
;kh g9s<'yt]:'yhz:,yts,yh06b'yh9wr?
9'yhc9jooyt,krgdkh ]wh09yr9'yh
-:,yH,9uHx:'yxGoy]:'yhz:,yts^,yh (National
Unity Preparatory Committee) voy
0;yhd:oyr05b'yr xGoyz5ho'yh06b'yh/ 0;yhgokh
akT xGoys^;yx;yhgl -6b'yx:'y,krsKoytg9kjm6b'y
@2%2@+_% s,yhs<,yrdoy9'yr 9xytl6bdyr06b'yh
9wr Z9xyt';yhl6bdyrx:9yr0KoyrX voy0;yh0K,y
,y.jv:oys;y? ;wKrooytmC'yhxuo6b'yh $2$2@+_*
gdkh ]5'yr]wKr,6b;yrz:,tys,yh9'yr 9xytl6bdyr9wr
s^,yhx:'yr (SUA) voy0;yh-6oylkjo,yrs^;y?
]:'yhvoy0;yhd:oyr05b'yrv,yjp:,yrxGoys;yx;yh
]5'y -:,yH,9uHooytc9t p:oyt;kh-y.h06dyr,oyh
;5'yhdK'y9kjd5hawKjawKj-;yhskdoy'wKh? gxkrp5j
oy.r-:,yH,9uHooyt06b'yg9]whv;yx5b'y SURA
;kh9'yrx6bdyr?
dKoyvoy]whsG9yr]whlK'yh,kr d,yhz:'yh
oy.r-K;yrpK,yrooty ,ur05b;yrowt?
u dKoyx6boyzK;yj]:'yhz:,yts^,yh?
u dKoyl5oyr96,ylxyr]C'yroy.r,5j06,yr?
coxkrzCoymb]GdyT]GdyT
Jg9gdkjlK'yhx6boyr9K'yrokhSsy>h;wKj95Pyr-6boyrx6boyr9K'yr]'y"
cyfhckdifumefz.rfh=rfj 1983
0'yj]wh,krl:dyh xxty,wK;oyr (Diary)
,5b;yhxu @+_$ gl ]5vKoyj95Pyr-6boyr/ ]wh
soy]wK05b;yt]wKx5b'y voy0;yhd:oyr05b'yr-xyt
lK'yhsK'yhx:'y,kr x5b;yh9kjv;y]:'yhz:,yts^,yh?
sG9yrsy>hv:dyj0y.-y.hg9kT9wj-whco-6boyr z5b;yj
;khg9]whv:oydoy0y.Tlw:-6boyr ]wKrsG9yr]wKr
lK'yhd,yhz:'yh?
xu @+_$ ooytxGoyxuvoygvkr0kj-:,yj
,b;yjob9yt pK,yhs^,yj',yr,kr,5b'yr9wr,5b'yr,Koyh
]wh]59yrmw:d.kj0:,yr dKoy99yr9K'yr0w:hmC,y
9uhxuho:'ytc-j-;y? xGoyxuvoyd5hawKjsk9K'yr
,y.j 9:oyh9kj06dyr,oyhc]h 9:oyh9kj96bdyr
v;yl6oyj]wh05b;yt-5b;yrzy.,oyr? 9'yrawKjz5h
0;yhd:oyr05b'yr
0;yhp:9yhl6bdyr
Ph
oto
: S
SA
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
Shan Herald Agency for News 7
INDEPENDENCE
u dKoys^xytm5xyrlxyr]C'yr9'yr 9K'yj,5j
9K'yj06,yroy.r,5b'yr9wrc]h ,:dyj-;yhxkr
oy.rgdkj-:,yH,9uHx:'yxGoy?
u dKoysxytm5xyrlxyr]C'yr9'yr9K'yj,5j
9K'yj06,yro:dyh,5b'yr9wr?
u dKoycdh]b9yhxoysk
]:'yh-:'yt-,y0y.doy oy.r,5j06,yr?
dKoyx6boyzK;yj
,5b;yhooyt v,yj,uraoyr2aCdyTly (fax)2
giHfuHp5;yH2-:,yHzb;yHf5b;yH2vboyH95b;yH
oC9yt ,5boyxKoy,5b;yh]G;y? d5h]:'yh]:'yhv;ysC'yr
95;ysC'yr0y.d5oyrsG9yr?
sxytm5xyr9K'yj,5j9K'yj06,yr
]:'yhs^xytm5xyrlxyr]C'yrdKoyz:,tys^,yh
ooyt ]wh0y.T96b;yr $ ]wKrS
Z@X x6boyzK;yjd6b9yrl6bdyr9'yrd5hawKj
o:dyhgl06,yrl6bdyr,Koyh 9'yr xkj9uj-:,yj,b;yj
ob9yt ,5b'yr,Koyh (CPB) ?
Z#X xw:jz5h9Coyrd.kjs^xytm5xyr?
Z$X ,:dyjm6b'y95;y9Coyrx5boyh,krsxytm5xyr?
voy95;y9CoyrawKjx5boyh,krs^xytm5xyr
ooyt ,ur06,yr]krs^j ,kr,5b;yh #$2(2@+_$
x:dyho6b'yh?o:dyhglooyt d,yho,yxGoy9xytl6bdyr
06b'yh9wr (SSA) m6b'y9uhl5'yj95;y9Coyr,kr
p5j0:,yr g9kjgxkr09yr9'yh]wh -:'yjluj
06b'yh9wr]6dyTz6boyt (TRC) 0:,yrdoy?
d,yho,yxGoyawKjs;yr 05b;yrs<'yt]:'yhz:,yt
s^,yh ]whl5'yjz5h9Coyrd.kj05rx5boyh? oy.rxxyt,wK
;oyrowt 9C,yh;wt;khS
@*2(2@+_$
0;yhgokjakT ]5'yrd.kjdG'yr,wj sxytm5xyr
z5hpy.jd5oyr]5'y9'yrmwr sy>h-;y0y.o5b;y';yr]wKr
c]h dKoys;yrg9sG9yr?
(2)2@+_$
0;yh-,yrv5rd.kj]w:]K'yr s^xytm5xyr9'yr
0;yh-6oylkj?
@Q2_2@+_$
z5h9C,yh]5'yrd.kjdG'yr,wj s^xytm5xyr9'yr
0;yhx6boyr9wr/ 0;yh0K'yt p:'ysPyh/ 0;yhlC'y
l6bdyr/ xuh0K,yj,\kT/ 0wKrpuhlC'y 06,yr SUA/
-5b;yr9wrlk,dyT-ur d6'yrmGxyh/ 0;yhl5b;yv:oyj/
96,ygdk05b;yt-5b;yrpK'yr (KNU) / 9C;yrs^,yh
9uH,:dyH-giHluH05b;yt0K9yh (NDF) / ,6dyt
06,yr05b;yt-5b;yrxv5;yr (PNO) c]h 9xytl6bdyr
05b;yt-5b;yr;kT (WNA) / 0:,ysKoy]5'y0;yhow:T?
]5boylC,yHmC,yH[5b;yH @+_$
0;yh,5b'yr-:oyrv:dyjd.kj,5b'yrxoyj sxytm5xyr
z5hd:oyrl6bdyr 9xytl6bdyr06b'yh9wr?
$S#_2@@2@+_$
z5h9C,yhv:dyjd.kj,5b'yrxoyj s^xytm5xyrz5h
d:oyrl6bdyr 9xytl6bdyr06b'yh9wr?
#(2@QS@(2@@2@+_$
0;yhxwKr,5b'yrd.kj;Koyhm5b9ytmwr sxytm5xyr
z5hpy.jd5oyr]5'y 9xytl6bdyr9wrs5,yhx:'yr?
dG;yj]5Pyh]:'yhowt 0;yhd:oyr05b'yrgdkh
]wh]K9yh9uhd5oyr]5'ys;yr sy>hv:oydoyp:,yr
pKxyj95;ypKxyj0y./ xoysC'yr0y.;khS Jzp:'yr
o6b'yh,5rlujsw<T x5boyh;wTxoys;yr9kr? x5boyhv,yj
,krgdkh s;yrd.kj05rpksw<r09yt? pkhv,yjd9yt
gdkhd5oyrd9ytd.kh" ;khow?
l5oyr96,ylxyr]C'yroy.r,5j06,yr
z;yjooyt 95;y0;yhd:oyr05b'yrgdkh-9yr
0y.c9tc9t? -K;yr9K'yr;oyrlboyo6b'yh p5jxK'y
,y.jl6'ygl l5oyr96,ylxyr]C'yrz5h-;yh,5j06,yr
9uhooyh? mC'yh-K;yr9K'yr;oyrlboyo6b'yh p5j
xG'yr]5'ygl l5oyr96,ylxyr]C'yrz5h-;yh06,yr
9uhooyh? dG;yj]5Pyh]:'yhz:,yts,yh g9sG9yr
s6b;yv;y? g-khd.K,yr9'yrlG'yhooyt ';yh'kj
';yhx6boyt,oyr,ur;wtl:'yx5b'y?
u 0y.]u0y.,6oyl6b;yhxK'yj/ 0y.zkjdK'y;K'yr
-6b'yh/ o,tyd9yt9K'yr-Coyj?
u c,r/ sdyT/ z:,ty/ 0w:h?
Jgxkrs;yrv,yj,ur 0y.]u0y.,6oyl6b;yh
xK'yj/ x5boyhg9v,yjl5b;yrl.K'yjS]5b9yj,wh? gxkr
x5boyh]5b9yj,wh g9sG9yrs6b;y,krz:,ytawKjs;yr?
gxkrs;yr,ur0y.]u x5boyhgdkhg9sK,yr9K'yr-u
d9yrpGoy? gxkrx5boyhd9yrpGoy x5boyh0'yjg9
xGoyxK'y 0K'yhz:,yt9'yrs;yr?"
J0y.]u0y.,6oyowooyt xGoy0y.zkjdK'y
;K'yr-6b'yh? pkj;5oytz5b;yjs;yrd5Pyr/ sy>h;5oytz5b;yj
x5boyh? pkj;5oytawKj]G;ys;yrd5Pyr/ sy>h;5oytxkr
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
0wKrdkr;boyr ZlCoy;uX/ 0;yh-.Koy,5b'yr/ 0;yh-6boyrly./ 0wKr09b]
z:'yrs,y05,yrd,ytmC,ydKoyz:,yts,yhgdkj9'yh TRC/TRA 1984
8 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
LawKjx5boyh? gxkr;5oytz5b;yjs;yrd5Pyr/ x6oyhs;yr
awKj]G;yd5Pyr x5boyhgdkhg9]5b9yj,wh/ gxkrx5boyh
]5b9yj,wh x5boyhgdkhv,yj0K'yhz:,yts;yr? gxkr
g,k;5otyz5b;yjx5boyh oxytxkrx6oyhawKjx5boyh x5boyh
0'yjg9d9yrpGoy/ gxkrx5boyhd9yrpGoy x5boyh
0'yjg90K'yhz:,yts;yr?"
JdKoyz:,yts^,yhs;yrowt 9dyrPkr9K'yr
pKxyjc]h xoyskvoyz5h-GoygdkjlK'yhxoy
d5hx5b'yx5b'y? 05b;yrowtgxkrv,yj,uro,ytd9yt v,yj
-K,yhx5oyt]wh? x6boytmKoyo,ytd9ytowt ;K'yrzCoy
p;yt0'yj09yrdKoy]5'yr,6b;yr? 09yrdKoy
]5'yr,6b;yrp;yt 9dyr]whm9yrlK'y? m9yrlK'y
p;ty ,ur9uhzb9yr 9dyr]whc,rcdh? 05b;ytooy
0'yj,uro,ytd9yt]wh?"
J]:'yhz:,yts^,yhowt cordoyv,yj]wh/
gxkrcor0K'yh0'yrdoy? gxkr0'yrdoy 0K'yh
9Cdyjdoy? gxkr9Cdyjdoygdkh g99Gdyrdoy?
pb'yh-Coyr0K'yhpKoydoy? 0'yj;khz5b;yjcor
doy9kTc,rdoy? c,rdoy0'yj0K'yhsdyTdoy?
gxkrsdyTdoy 0'yj0K'yhz:,ytdoy? gxkrz:,yt
doygdkh g90w:hdoy?"
Z,kr;5oyt95Pyr-6boyrS9kTs;yrc,r;kh
c,rsdyT0w:hz:,yt g9]us6b;y? p:oyt;kh -y.hsy>hsoy
z:,yt xGoyx;yh,wK p5b'yr,wKX?
g-khd.K,yrvoy0;yh-6oylkj pK,yhl:oy
x:oyhooytgdkh ]u,wK]u9:'yrd5Pyrxwjgxkr/ p'yr
xwK]upbxyr0y.T96b;yrd,yxkr?
d.K'yh dCxyh -C'y v5oyh
dCxyh 9'yr -C'y owt 9dyr]wh;wt9kjx5boyh?
v,yjm6dyj]wh;wT9kjs;yr d5oyr,5b'yr]G;ydoy?
gxkrd.kj;wTg9kjs;yr d5oyr,5b'yr]G;ydoyc9T
9dyrv,yj0K'yhz:,ytdoy? s;yrd5oyr,5b'yr]G;y
doyowt m6dyj]wh;wT d.K'yh 9'yr v5oyh d5Pyr?
gxkrooy 0'yjz:,ytdoy]wh?
]:'yhcdh]b9yhoy.r,5j06,yr
okhs^boyr voy9Cdyjdoyowt l5hx5boyh
c-Tx5boyhv,yj]wh? zy.gdkhv,yjoxytm6b;y? zy.
gdkhg9;kh oy.rokhsboyrd5Pyr p'yrv,yj,5oyr
]wh -y.h96b9ytx5boyh-;yh,krsG9yrl'y? p5jd5Pyr
p'yr-Coyr-y.hv;ys;yrd.kjs^;y-wh9:'yt0Gxyr0:,yr
l5s6b;ySg9;khow?
oy.r9xytl6bdyrz:,tys^,yh]6dyTz6boyt Z06b'yh
9wrX z:'yrooytgdkh ,urxoysk]:'yhowt? ';yh]5'y
,oyr xGoy]:'yh-:'yt-,y0y.oy.rcdhdK'y s^;yx;yh
]5'y0;yhd:oyr05b'yr c]h dC,ys^;yx;yh]5'y
0;yhdoyr0G9yrp;yt? ]:'yh-kl:'y0;yh-:'yt-,y
0y.g9kjdoyooyt xGoy]:'yhl'y v,yj-whco
doyp;yt? d5Pyrdkh x5b'y]5'y,oyr v,yj,ur]:'yh
x6b9yjv5dyr0y.g9kjdoy d5;yzb9yr0y.doy? gxkr
zb9yr0y.doy d5;y9Cdyjdoy?
z;yjooyt voy]wh]69wK95dyrl6,yrgdkh,ur
0;yhx6boyr9wr 0;yh0K,yj]Gdyr 0;yh0K,ydkr
-;y oy.r9xytl6bdyr06b'yh9wr? 0;yh,5b'yr-:oyr oy.r
9xytl6bdyrz:,tys,yh]6dyTz6boyt Z06b'yh9wrX gdkh
,K9yj0Gxyr xGoy96dyT-b99'yrs6b'y?
;oyr,5b;yhowtS;wKr0;yhd:oyr05b'yr 0;yh
0K,y,y.j 0;yh-6oylkj -;y-6b'yx:'y,kr #* xu/
m6b'y,krxKoyz5hv:oys;ys;yrpK,yr]G;y/ d5hawKj
awKjg9xkrdoy-6b'yx:'ymC'yhd,yro6b'yhooyt -y.h
0;yhdoyr0G9yr
]:'yhowt gxkrp5js'yrs;yr06b'y v,yjgxkr
dkhs6b;yowgl9kT gxkrm6b'y-K;yrpK,yr-;yhsk
x5boyhp;ytc9t sTxGoy]:dyrv5oyh]5'ys;yr 9kj
x5boyh,kr]5,;y95Pyr,K'yo5b;ys;yr? xGoy-5b'yhdb9yj
-:'yh lGoyh9K'yrz:,tys,yh? ]:'yhowt 9'yr0;yh
d:oyr05b'yr/ 0;yhdoyr0G9yr c]h z5hpy.j05b;yr
soypK;yr95Pyrdw-;y0;yh -9yr0y.gl0'yj
-K,yhx5oyt,kr]wh?
0;yhd:oyr05b'yr 0'yjl:oyj;kh Jg9
pK'yh9K'yrokh sy>h;wKj95Pyr-6boyr9K'yr]'y"
95Pyr-6boyr9K'yr]'yp;yt ,ur9uhv,yjm6dyj
,Coyh 9dyr]whc,rd:oyj?
dKoyz:,tys^,yhooty ,oyrv,yj0y.hdKoy
'wKh? dKoyvoy]whp:,yrz:oyr]u95;yd;yjo,y?
96bdyrl5oyrpy.jpy.jo,yo,y;kh Jg9gdkjlK'yh
x6boyr9K'yrokhSsy>h;wKj95Pyr-6boyrx6boyr9K'yr
]'y" owp5j?
gxkrooy ]wKr]u]wKrm6dyj,Coyh06b;yh0y.h
voy0y.T96b;yr,kr9'yro,y,5b;yhd:oyjooty g9
0K'yh]whc,j-.Kdyh0y.T96b;yr]whmC'yh? ]wKrv,yj
]u9'yro,y voy]whx5oytxCoy,krzy.zy.,oyr
,oyr Zxkr0G,yz5h9C,yhX ooyt g90K'yh]wh'5b'yt
c;hgl gdkjlK'yh]wh ]:'yhz:,tys^,yh05b;yt
0K9yh voy,oyhd6b,yr-C'ysC'yr 96bdyrv;yl6oyj
]wh;Koyh,5b'yr m6dyj]whm6dyjxGoym6dyj,urooyt
p5j?
0wKr-6boyrly. Z@%2)2#QQ_X
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
Shan Herald Agency for News 9
INDEPENDENCE
50 yD Oef;vkufhzdkefh
ykdef;ydkefhvif nFyfbqrfj,mrf;vAOf (3)
vb'yrd]G9yhxGoyl6bdyrdoy9'yrgsk-,yr
,Koyh $ x:dyh
q @_#%S#( ]wh,5b'yr9oK;yrlu c]h
i-C'yj
q @_*# ]wh,5b'yr,Koyhx:9yr9y.h
Zokh]boy,:oyr2pK'yrX
q @__* ]wh,5b'yr,Koyhx:9yro5b;ygl
x59yrm:oy]:dyrx5b'y0;yhgsk-,yrxC9yh?
v;y,5b'yr,Koyhx9yrx6boyt 95dyrp5j9y.h,5b'yr
vb'yrd]G9yhz:'yr',yrd,yrl6b;yh (Direct rule)?
gxkrp;ty @__) vb'yrd]G9yh-6boyh,kr
9K'yr,5b'yr9wrx:9yrs<'yj'kro6b'yh x:9yr0Koyr'kr
o6b'yh? z;yjooyt ,5b'yr9wrx:9yr95dyr-5'yr9'yr
lG'yh 9uhv,yjxGoyl6bdyrl5b;ygxkrv,yj-y.h,ur?
o:dyhglx:9yrv:dyj-5'yr? oy.rxu @__# 0;yh
akT9wr9'yr]wK]6dytz6boytlKoy-9yrgsk-,yr
,Koyhgl -;yo'yjdoygdkh96bdyrdoyp5jc]h
d5oyr,5b'yrgxkrv,yj]whp5jd9yr06boyhpGoy0y.
glx:dyh?
xKoyvb'yrd]G9yh
m6b'y,kr @__) vb'yrd]G9yh-6boyh,kr
p;ytgdkh95dyr]5'yr;kh x6oyh,5b'yr9wrooytg9
v,yj0y.T]wKrz:'yr',yrd,yrl6b;yh,5boy,5b'yr,Koyh?
g90y.T96b;yr]:dyrx5b'yz:'yr',yrd,yrv:,yh (In-
direct rule) d.kj/ x:'yj;khvb'yrd]G9yhg9z:'yr
',yro5b;y0;yhakT? 0;yhakTl,ytz:'yr',yro5b;y
d5oyr,5b'yrzy.,oyr?
sG9yrooygl 9'yhc9j @__) g9kj
@+%_ s6b'yoKoyr (@ xu ,5b'yr9wr]whp5j9y.h
vb'yrd]G9yh,kr? m6b'y,kr @+#Q vb'yrd]G9yh
]wh0Cdyjv;y,5b'yr0;yhakTx:9yr95dyrdG;y9'yr
lG'yh Zoy.r,5b'yr-K'yc]h g0HdC'yjpK,yr]G;yX
d.kj;wT9y.hvb'yrd]G9yhz:'yr',yrd,yrl6b;yh/ voy
s,yhdoy]wh05b;yrd6b9yrooyt Zoy.rokh]boy06b'yh
9wrpK,yr]G;yX -:oyhs,yhdoy,ur $$ ,5b'yr Z,5b;yh
0,yd:oyrg-k d5;yrdK'ytpCdyhv:dyj9uhlCoy;u
c]h xGoy,kr $% ,5b'yrX v;ys<,yrxGoy06b'yh,5b'yr
s^,yh96,y,5b'yr9wr (Federated Shan States)
oy.rxu @+## ?
xKoyvb'yrd]G9yhsG9yr-6oyooyt 0:'yj
]u0:'yjswKT? d.K,yr9:xyjvoy,5boydoygdkh,ur/
x5b'yhdoygdkh,ur?
05b;yr;kh]uooyt ;kh05b;ytow
Jvb'yrd]G9yh,krp;ytgdkh sG9yrxoy
lGoyh9khlwK9K'yr? 9K'yrdkr 9K'yr]59ytawr
c]h -5;y? ,5boyo'yj-5;yd6b9yh oy.rcdho:'y-G;y
9'yr dqdyTc,r pK;yr #j#(Q m9yr/ l6'y
_)Q m9yrooyt gdkjlK'yhp;yt95;yh,5b;yhxu
@+Q@ g9kj,5b;yh]G;yp'yr0y.T]whp5j?"
o:dyhglly.j-:oyjxoy0;yhakTp;y t
d5oyr,5b'yr05b;yrsG9yrdboyswhlwTdboyokr v,yj]wh
,wh0y.l'y? 0'yj,urd.K,yr;khSJ;GdyTl5oy @Q
d,yr ]whdboy9'yr @Q d,yr" v,yj,5boyxKoy
,5b;yh]G;y? ;GdyT % d,yr d,yro6b'yh]G'yTl6bdyr,Koyh/
d,yrl:'y]G'ytl6bdyr9wr/ d,yrlK,ys<,yrdboy]5j
]69wK-Cdyj]uxK'y0kT oy.r;Koyhoy.rokr/ d,yrluj
0'yjxGoy9kjokhsboyr9kgpr95;yd;yj?
v,yj,urxkj,ur05oyc]h s^boyrv,yj,ur
zdyr952-9yrglkrgdkh v,yj]whd5;yz5h]dyT/
d.kjdkTd.kj-wKgdkh o:oyroy.rm5boyjoy.r-5b;yr v,yj
]whd5;y05oy? Jd5;y,6oyh-;yh9kx5b'y]G;y" d5oyr
m;yh -;y;khow?
05b;yr;khv,yj]uooyt ;kh05b;ytow
,5b;yhvb'yrd]G9yhc9jsCdyhsG9yr'6boyr
g0h v:oy9K'yr ,urxkr]bdyh9wrc]h x5boyh
v:oydoy;kh'6boyr9wr? ;wKrowTv;y]bdyh9wrswK
]wKd.kj? d6b9yr]bdyhvb'yrd]G9yh 9'yr ]bdyh
,Koyhd5Pyr?
JxwKrxPkj xwKrp5j]u ]whm6dyj9Gdyr9G'y
v,yj-6boyhl'yt-6boyhl6'yxG'yr,5b'yr,Koyh?" Zvb'yr
d]G9yhc9t;kh ,5b'yr9wrxGoy,5b'yrs^Pyh,5b'yr]w:/
-5;yd6b9yh voygdkjlK'yhp;yt95;yh,5b;yhxu @+Q@ p'yr0y.T]whp5jg9kjpK,yr]G;y
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
10 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L
v,yj,5boy,5b'yr,Koyh xGoym6'ytxG'yr sG9yrs'yrsGoyr
s'yrpk'wKhX?
J,5b'yr9wr v,yj9:oyt,ursKoyt-wKpkhaboyj
glx:dyh l,yt,kr9'yhxoy? sG9yrsy>hd5oyr,5b'yr
9wr 9b9yrpkh9b9yraboyj?"
Jd5oyr,5b'yr9wr 95dyrxGoy-khl:'yl6bxyjS
-khvb'yrd]G9yh c]h -kh0;yhakT? ]whm6dyj
0dyT-69yhv;yl:'yawKjl:'y9K'yr? -5;yr-:'yo,yt
]boysboyzk lzkj;s;yr vb'yrd]G9yhv;y?
-5;yr'6boyr-,yr-5;yrl5oy-5;yrsbdyhs;yr sG9yrsk]wh
s'yrd5Pyr 0;yhakTv;y?"
d5Pyrdkh voy9'yrl:'yawKj;kh,5boydoy
ooytc9t xKoy,KoyhsG9yr-6oyp5jpK,yr]G;yowt
gxkr9Cdyhdoy9'yr xKoyvb'yrd]G9yh06b'y
Jglr]wKxKoyvb'yrd]G9yhd5Pyrp;yt?"
xKoyd\xoyH
oy.rdkh05b;yr,krsG9yr-6oyo5b;y9wrowt voy
]whm6dyjdwT-whcodoy ,ur,Koyh9'yrvb'yrd
]G9yh? gxkr]K9yh-5b;yr-6oyswKTow xGoy,Koyh?
gxkr]K9yh-5b;yr-6oy]uow xGoyvb'yrd]G9yh?
d\xoyHc9t 9oyr]wh,krsG9yr-6oyo5b;y
9wr o5b;y,Koyh $ xud5Pyr? 05b;yr-6b9yrxKoy
d\xoyHc9t d5oyrcdjvkp6,:dyh )Q -;yd5Pyr
p'yrg9v,yjgxkr9:'yr]udoy? d:xyh;kh,5b;yh
xKoyd\xoyH,kr @+%# vkp6g9]wh % xu/
,5b;yhd\xoyH,5b;yr g9]wh ) xud5Pyr?
d\xoyHowt ,5b;yhl6bdyr]6,yhakTd,yrl:'y
Z@+$+S@+%*X 06dyrawKjd\3b;yH,ouHgl
-G'yj9kTdoy9'yrvg,HibdoyH/ vb'yrd]G9yh/
c-jc]hi9ytl\b3;yH? -5b'yhd:'yhdK'yjv,yj-6b9yr
x5boyhgl9kT 96bdyrswKT95'yto6b'y;wrc]h awKj
vg,HibdoyH vb'yrd]G9yh v,yj9oyr9'yh
95;y? ,5b;yhv:oy9K'yrxGoyawKjdKoytgl ]wh
mw:? d5Pyrdkh96bdyr-K;yrs6b'y,krl,yt awKjd\xoyH
v,yj,ur-5b'yhd,yt0w:h0:,yrgl v,yj-6boyhokh]wh
c]h d,yr]6boyr,krgdkh xGoyawKjdKoytd.kjxC9yh?
d5oyrm;yh]wKgdkT 05b;yrpK,yhzKoyj,kr
oy.rxKoyd\xoyHgl v,yj]5'y]6b,yrdoy]wh
v:oy9K'yrl69yrooytc9t a6'ysb;yr,boyd\xoyH
a6'ypy.jokjc]h okh,5b'yrgxkrs,yhowooytp;yt?
-;yxw:j,Kdyjowtm6b'yg0H,5b'yr;kT voyxGoy;Koyh
z'yt ,59yTswr ,'yr]5boyr 05b;yrooytd:oyj? ,5b;yh
xKoyooyt vb'yrd]G9yh 9'yr d\xoyH d6,yj
-G'yjdoygl d,yrd,yrxw:j,Kdyjg9kjdoyc]h
s^boyr]y.v,yjs^boyr]y.gdkh ]whsG9yr;wT]6dyr
glkT,Kdyj9y.h]boy/ gxkr]wh'boyrlG'ysb;yr,boy
gdkh v:oydoy]Coyh-;yh]6dyr]boy? d,yhz:'yh
gdkh zK9yjsboyrzK9yjgpr ]whd.kjsG9yrl6,yt
l:'yrp5joy.rm5boyjoy.r-5b;yr?
xKoy,5b;yh]G;yx5boyh;kh '6boyr,Koyhdkhm6dyj
okj? d.kjdK9yj]whxkrd.kjxGoylkT? x:dyhsboyr,kr
l,yt]wh,krxG'yrlkTooytd5Pyr owp;yt? ,5b;yhxKoy
d\xoyHgdkh,5boyooy? '6boyrg0hd\xoyHooyt
v,yj,ur-5;yr-:'ydkh-oypy.jsxyts<'yr;wT,5boy'6boyr
vg,HibdoyH vb'yrd]G9yh -;yc]h-oy-5;yr
lboydkTd5hx5b'ygdkhl6'y? d,yhz:'yhowt ;wKrl6bdyr
p;ytgdkh d6b9yr'6boyrd\xoyH;wTm5'y0KoyhxGoy
]wK]wKm5'y v,yj0K'yhd.kj0y.T0wKjdkh]y.?
voyd5oyrm;yh v,yj]6b,yr]whmC'yhx5b'y
o6b'yhc9t gxkr;khd\xoyH-;yh;Koyh-;yh;G'yr
gdkh 9;ysk9bc-jooytp;yt/ d:xyh;khd\xoyH
9'yrc-jowt -;y0'yrdoyokj/ 0'yrdoyokj
]5b;y,C;yr9'yr,k/ gxkrP:xyr]whc-j owgdkh
JsG9yr,5boy;kTP:xyr]wh,k" ;khow? d5Pyrdkh
v,yj]whlxyr]C'yr;wTs;ypw:h,oyr;khsG9yr05b;yt
s6b;y?
xKoyooyt gxkrxGoy0wKr9wr;G'yrv:oyj
;Koyho:dyhokrxK'yj06b'y l,yr]wKrd5hgdkTc]h
d,yho,y]:9yh9b]:9yh9wK? d\xoyHgdkh96boyr
,wK0y.;wT;kh gxkrxGoy9wr g9]wh,ur]wKr0:,yr
95;y/ gxkrv,yj,ur]wKrgdkh xGoyc-jow9bdyr
9bdyr/ d:xyhooy 05b;yrxGoy-5b;yrc-jxKoyooyt
v:oydoyl,yr]wKrgxkr9G,y;Koyh9G,y,5b'yr?
-6oyd\kjx6 9C,yh;wT;kh o:dyhgll,yr]wKr
p;yt p'yr]whv5,yl5xyr;wTdkjmkjvoy;kh
JxkjpuH" Z9wrX sy>hgxkr]:9yh9wK ,5b;yhPkr
d\xoyH?
d5oyrm;yh-;ydwT-wh;kh xKoyd\xoyHooyt
d:xyh;kh]:'yhdKoydkT ]:'yh9:'yh9G;yr v,yj-y.h
,urp;ytc]h xkrdoysK,yrsCdyr-K9yj-5;yro6'yh
-5;yr;w/ 05b;yr]who6'yhzkhm5'y0Koyh gdkh,ur?
-;yhc9tv,yjv6bxyr d:xyh]whz6dyj/ d5Pyrl,yt
v6bxyrd5b;y? J9uh,5b'yrxoyjowt d5b;yo6b'yh0w:T -,yr
o6b'yhd\Kxyhd:oyjv5b;yh"Sc,hm;yhp6 Z_* xuX
g,roK'yr0;yhsKoy ow:Tvboyr Zo6,yjl6bdyrsKoy
d;yjX -whco ,5b;yhxwj]6?
dG;yj]5Pyh]wKrsG9yr]wKrlK'yhd\xoyH
voyd5oyrm;yh-;yvK,yr v,yjl69yrv,yj;wKr
owt J,ur9kho,ytp5jgdkh -;yv,yjvKxyj/ l,yt
v;yzCoyj06xyto,ytgl 0G9yt0:,yr95;yd5Pyr"S
;khow?
d\xoyHowt 0:'yjswKT,5boyo'yj voyc-j
-;y ,Koyh-;ydwT;khp5jcojM? d,yhz:'yh;khc9t
,5b;yhc9j,kr,y.jc9t]up5j? ;wKrdKoytl6bdyrgl
xwKhooytp;ytswKT? d5Pyrdkh d,yho,yl,yt;kh
d\xoyHswKTc9t 0G,y,5b;yhc9j,kr?
d:xyhdoyt0oyc]h ,Koyr]6dyh]wK-;y
gdkh,ur/ -Koyrx5jdK'ytx5jsG'yskxoyc,hpb'yr?
Z,5b'yrx5boyhc9tX z5hpb'yr9'yro,yp:oyrdkh
'6boyrg0h xKoyvb'yrd]G9yh ,ur95;y]bdyh9wr/ x5boyhv:oydoy;kh'6boyr9wr
Shan Herald Agency for News 11
INDEPENDENCE
]6l6,yr p:oyt]wh]695;y]6-b'yr d:xyh]whd.kjxGoy
g,rd:,yj0y.l6bdyrd\xoyH voys<'yt;kh (con-
front women) ? ,5b'yrs;yrc9t v,yj9:oyt'boyr
;kh ,urzy.p:oyr?
v,yj]5b;yglgsk0;yhakTp:'ys^Pyh
p'yr]whm6dyjl6bdyrd\xoyH ,kr9w:jzdyr95
dK'y-,yhdK'y-6boyrgl mK,yskz5hpb'yrc]h
05b;yrxGoy]6dyh]Koyxuho:'y t0;yhakTooty
p'yr]whxwKhp5jxbdyjm5boyjsK'y-5b;yr a'yjo:'y
swKrpkhowooyt ]6dyhpb'yr 0;yh-,yrl6bdyr
0;yh0oyj9kj -whco;wToy.rxxyt,oyr0;yh The
Moon Princess ?
o:dyhglooyt p:oyt;khd\xoyH v,yj0y.h
0K;yrx69ytmd5hgdkTc]h]K9yhg9kj,6oy0;yh
gdkh v,yj,ur]:'yhpGoyjc'h? s<'yt;kh J,C'yr]5b'y"
'wKr,5boyl6bdyr,KoyhxKoy,5b;yh]G;ys<'yt,6oy0;yh;kh
Jd5oyr]5b'y"/ Jd5oyr;wzkh]5b'y" ? voy]u0Gxyr
0y.okjooyt v;ys6oyjsK'yhIzkr,wT sG9yrdG'yrawr
gl xb'yh,50ujxkjpK'yho5b;yt ooytp;yt?
]:'yhp6b;yrdboy;5;yrdw.Kr/ v;y]wK-5;yr-:'y/
0y.TsKxyjg-\krm5;yr9K'yr/ v;y9wKd5oyr/ z;y
;Koyhz;yokrooytgdkhv,yjgxkrx5b'yhdoy9'yr
xKoy,5b;yh]G;y? oy.r,5b'yro:'y9'yr;Koyh0b'yr
,5b'yrpK'yr s^;yawK swKr]wKh05b;yrowt gxkrxGoy
z6boyrxGoyawrow d5oyrm;yhgdkTo6b'yhp'yr96bdyT
9:'yr? d\xoyHd,yhz:'yh v,yj,ura6boyrgdkh
v,yjsk pkTg]kTglly.jawr?
d5oyrd,yhgvjd5Pyrs^T,Coyh9:'yr;khS
z:'yrd\xoyHxGoy-6oyooyt v;y,5b'yr9wr0Cdyj
xGoyl:'yzKdyj/ ;oyr95dyr-5'yrxoy,Koyh/ ;oyr
v:dyj-5'yr xoymwr?
0'yj;khd5oyr,5b'yr9wr ]whs^,yhvb'yrd
]G9yh vg,HibdoyH/ -;yhxkroy.r9xytl6bdyr
vb'yrd]G9yh ,5boy0;yhm6oyrpGoyj 0;yhlwK
,5b'yr-;y -;yhxkroy.r9xyt,wK @$( ,5boy0;yhow:T
ZdG'yr96'yX -;yhoy.r9xyt @Q@ ,5boy0;yhd:oyr
05b'yr gdkhpK,yh-;yhs,yh96bdyrg9krd\xoyH,kr?
;wKrl6bdyrp;yt voy9K'yr,5b'yr9wrx:'yt-K'yr
ooytc9t d\xoyHdKoytl6bdyrp;yt ]whlwKh9Coyr
dkhglswKg9kjd5h,5b'yr,5b'yr/ ,5b'yr,Koyhgdkh]wh?
,5b'yr9wrl,tyv,yj]wh/ d,yhz:'yh;kh awKo,yt
zu]5rsG9yrs^'yrawrakTg]krxuj9owt d\xoyH
sG9yroy.rpK'yr]C'y ]9yrzKoyj,5b'yr9wrd.kj
;khow? d5Pyrdkh voycoto:oyrc9t ,5b'yr9wr
9'yr ,5b'yrpK'yr]C'y v,yj]wh0y.TawrakT voy
]6dyT,5b'yr95;yd;yjv:dyjd.kj?
m6oyr,\boyt 9:'yjd\ur Z@+#)S@++)X
c9t 9C,yh;wtoy.rxxyt Jg-kh-:'yh0y.,5 b'yr9wr"
(Shanland's Grievances) ;kh 9K'yrswKT9xyt
l6bdyr,Koyhowt gxkr9Cdyhdoy9'yr9K'yrswKT
d\xoyH06b'y ,Koyhp'yr]whmbo6b'yhmC'yh]5r
d:oyj? q0;yhakT]5'y lm6'yj ZlujlC'yjX o6'yh9C'yj-5;yr-6oySz5h,ur0oytl6bdyrd\xoyH xw0:,yr
v,yjlK'yh-;y]wh? v,yj]C9yrzwKgdkh
v,yj0K'yhm:9yj'K'ytx6b9yjxKdyh]wh]:'yhc9t
9uh-;y? 9dyr]wh]C9yrzwK 9kj0y.T96b;yr-;y
oy.rdKoyd5hx5b'y?
xwjm6b'y-K;yrpK,yrgl-K;yj]xyts^;yh]w
v:dyjd:oyj06b'y 95;ylwK]xyt9'yrgdkTs^,yhs^T
9dyr]wh9wK? g996bdyr9xyt g9-;yh;G'yr
g9'w:rsC,yd5oyr g9]whs^T06b;yhlG'y-6oy9xyt
gdkT0,y0y.lwKT-.k z5hxy.Tzdyr95 z5hxy.TpK,yr
c]h z5hsxyT0y.Tsxytlw: 05b;yrooytd:oyj? ,oyr
xGoyokhdKoylwK]xyts;yr 9:oyh9kjsk,krsy>hsT?
9dyr]wh0:xyjsklwK]xyt voyz5h-Goy
xw:j,kr? s^Pyr0oy05dyr05'y-K;yj]5Pyh-5b'yh-:'y
m6dyj0y./ ,:xyh,wKxoydKoyp;yt xw:j,5b;yr-6boyr?
vb'y-K;yj9uhlwK]xytl:oytp;yt g9sk]wh
lwK]xyt,5b'yr c]h lwK]xytoy.r? vb'y-K;yj9uh
lwK]xytl:oytp;yt 0'yjxw:jlwK]xyt9wK g9kTv;y
-K;yjdCdyr-K;yjzK'yrxoyd.kj05rz5h-Goy? vb'y
-K;yjlwK]xytl:oyto'yjd;yj 0'yj,kr0y.TlwK]xyt
]bxyr dkho'yjlK'yjm6dyj?
vGoyrvKoyr;wTlwK]xyt * lCoyrowt
9kjs^T]:'yhz5h-Goy? 9kjs^T]:'yhz5h-Goyooyt
,ur9uhlwK]xytl:oyt? 0'yj;kh ]up6dyTp:'yhxoy
lwK]xytl:oyt sy>hm6b'y9uh?
,5b;yhd:oyj-5b;yr-6oylw:TakTpboy (Yin)
s6'yhs^b'yr,krgdkh p:oyt,ur vurd\b4;yt (I Chih)
oy.r,5b'yrcl (Hsia) ? -5b;yr-6oylw:TakTdG\3;yr
(Chou) s6'yhsb'yr,krgdkhp:oyt,ur ]5Pypk (Lü
Ya) oy.r,5b'yrpboy?
0'yj;kh ,ur-6oy,5b'yrz5h]dyr]C,yc]h
0:,yl6bdyrz5hlC,yrdkhd5Pyr 0'yjg,k0y.Td5oyr
xGoylwK]xytsG9yrdKoy m6b'y9uhp:9yhs<9yh9uh
xwK?
oy.rdKoyl6bdyrowt lwK]xytxGoy9:oyh],yj
]:'yhl69yrx5b'yo6b'yh? ,ur-;yc]h 9xytl6bdyr
0'yjg,k95'yt? q
l6bxyj,krokh @_
Ph
oto
: T
he
Mo
on
Pri
nc
ess B
oo
k
12 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L
vdlefeBh Oef;xd 20 zlj[wf;imef
qOfjqmrfbxkef; qOfjZMUvlifrldif;y.ef oAifj
rkefc.yfjclyfbvBj 61 yD/ ref;qOfjeBh yAef
zlj[ufhOmefj[ufhrldif; [ufhqdlOfh[ufhcdlOf;qOfjuOfb
xdkifwDjvBjnOfedlOfhvdlwfjrmufb=OfqfgvFufjnOf
tvj vBjOMjulef;[wf;imef uwfhuMjtwhtwh/
zljnef[Awf;wmif;vDrD;ykefjymifj wMbulef;
rdlif;tvj vBjwBmu.yfjulef;rldif;ugMbeBh,.wfjvdlOf
zljnefnrfbvBj[Awf; wmif;vDyefzfgao
wBmugMb[if;ref;eefh,lb/ rldefeifb zlj[wf;
imefrdlif;wB; nef[AufjqdkOfj qOfjqmrfbxkef;
eBh ayM;cdkef;clefhcBjydkef;ref;qOfjqdkif awvBj
=U[efumifqfgref;qOfj–efg;yyfh[Aef;vdufjwB;
qefh 4 c.ifvlify.if qdkifjwB; uljy.ufjwFrfjOBh
eifbeB/
qOfjqmrfbxkef;eBh,lbwrfj (ykefe'dwfh
qOwDb) OAif;rdlif;y.ef? ayMjref;qOfj yAef
qOfjZMUckefxD;? qOfjtrjyAefemif;qdifbnlU?
yDnefref; qOfjvlif;olbqrfbylbvkrfjZMU
[efeMjyAefulef;eefh rFefjrdlOfjyD 1907 eDj?
vdlef 7 v.ifj 5 crfj Oef;zwf; ,mrf; 3
rlif; OBm;Oef; (30_5)/
qOfjqmrfbxkef; (rldif;y.ef)
rdlOfjref;qOfj,if;vAufh ,if;n.efbauMj
nrfbw.efhyAefacMUyAefwlif;? OBh{jqAOf;,fgb
qAOf;rlj? ayMjtrj[ufhw.ef; u.efjwyf;y.wfb
=Ofqfgtwhtwh/ rdlOfjnef,fgbrM; arMnFOfb
arMvAefjauMj ayM;rD;wmif;udefwmif;vAefj
ydlifvfgnrfbOMj ref;qOfjnrfbw.efhudefauMU
vAOf vAefjauMUvAOfaoy.ufj? r.if;pM;rFefj
auMUaojauMj cfgjyefurf;vAOf? ayM;[ef
vkufjn.efbwmifbauMU wmifbulef; xAifuef
zdwf;uefauMj ugMbtcyefvmwfjyef Olifjumif
cOfurf;vAOf? rD;qfgcfgj[Awf;yef ykefjymifj
wmif;vDwMbulef;wif;vBm qArfrdlOfjvAufhn.efb/
clyfbrdlOfjrljrfgb,fgbrM;eBauMj qAOf;=UacMj
=Uugmrf;vuf;vFrfoFrf;uMj? rdlOfjqlOfjclyfbref;
qOfjvBj 5 clyfbeefh ayMjqOfj nOfugMbolifb
[Aef;vdufj wDjqa';vlif vkif;qmrfbazb?
[Aef;vdufjvBj 2 yD? nOfcBmUugMbOBU=if;[Aef;vlif
vkufjvmif;qOfjZMUOAif;wlefjwD;/ ref;qOfj
cwf;qfg[Aef;nOfvdufjrmefj? vdufjnAif;u
vAwfj awMbayM;ylefhxlefjodyf;qefhvDvD/
OBm;eefhorfhcBmhugMb [Aef;umefZBmbo.yfb'Mbq
Omwfj wDjOAif;vdlOfbvBj 6 vdlef? vBjcdkefjyAef
urfh+if;qOfju.ef;OAif;OmefjarMj/ OBm;aoeefh
ref;qOfjorfUcBmUugMb[Awf;umefvkrf; c.rf@r
osdef@edlOf@ OAif;wlefjwD;/
rdlOfjyD 1928 vdlefyFwfbrfgb 11 Oef;
rFefjrdlOfjvdlefvDyDimrf; ayMjqOfjqifb[Awf;
yAefy.B;rFifbcgmrf;Omif;yefwMckef {jykwfjqdkifj
wdkOf;q.rf/ ref;qOfjylpfjeifj[mifja[MvBj 4
clyfb qifbwuf;n.ufbnFOfbzBmj[M q.BUcmif;
emif;ar; an;vfgwuf;vD? nDbvfgwuf;vFyfj
cFyfbnldrfjcmif;o.ifuefwif;ref;qOfj eBtvj
qifbvBjugMb=yfhxlyf;pM; qOfjemif;cdefbw.if;
auMUyAefe.ifh,dif; qOfjZMUvlifqOfjckefcAOf
rdlif;rdwfj/ qOfjqmrfbxkef;auMj ayM;OMjwif;
o.ifZBmbo.ifyMjvBjy.ifbqFifjvFif;qfguef,Ofh
qifbwuf;ugMbw.ifjxmrf [Awf;y.B;ulyfhuljo.efhrdifj
cmif;o.ifuef rdlOfjyD 1932 / vdlefodyf;o.ifrfgb
14 crfj/ cOfqOfjzlOfar; vBjrM;,lb=rfj
qlrf;odlOf;udlOf;vDvlpfjuefawMb+wfj eMj
odkuf;vlifvkrfjZMUy.ufjo.if vkufjvmif;cOfqOfj
rD;=rfjuef 4 auMU/ qOfjemif;cdefbw.if;auMj
q.rf;vlpfjqlOfjclyfboifcM'YwM; xdkifOef;rM;
tOjnrfbv.wfjyAefnefnedqfhq +wfj[mifj
xdkifwlOf=rfbyle.ef;tz;ugMb n.efwmif;/
qOfjqmrfxkef;eBh [kefb[mifj nkywd
yuf;Zmifref;qOfj cmOfvFifOmef;Omef;?
eMjrlef; =,fgb wMugmifj eMjzmufbOmwfj
nrfbayM;okifayM;wFrfb? rD;[Mjxwf;yBm=uf;
trjrdkOf;/ ref;qOfjqfgyM;ZBmbvdufjZBmbvBm;twh
twh? eifb[kdOfulef;wif;vBm ayM;aw=y.ifb
wMvFif;eefh [Awf;yefodkifbwlpf;vdufj/ ydkwfb
yef=if;[Aef;? uBUuBUwdkuf;olef; n.efb,dif;
n.efbqBm;[mwfj[Bm;wif;vBm ugMb[Aef;vdufjvBm;/
ydlifedkifjorfh uBUvkufhqOfhqOfhyBwmif; uBUvAefj
wmif;vAefjwmif;OFef? ydwfhrmufbeifvlrf;vfg
qdlOf;eBh/ eifb[dkOfulef;rldif; ayM;aw,lbvD
udefOmefeefh wlOfref;qOfjyAefiOfjn.ef=Of
ao yluf;wifjyef=if;,M efg;OAif;rldif;y.ef
vifedkifj/ awOMjZBmboMoeMauMj wlOfref;
qOfjq.BjodkOfhqB.jqFufb cOfjo.rf;zuf;o.rf;
q.BjrdkOfhq.Bj[kif rlefjrlefjodlOf;odlOf; q.rf;ulef;
9C;yrokh ZlwKTS-.k gdkTmb $X 0;yh0K,yjm6oyr c]h 0;yhakT,5b'yr9wrd,yhz:'yh
Ph
oto
: T
he
Mo
on
Pri
nc
ess B
oo
k
Shan Herald Agency for News 13
INDEPENDENCE
ekrfbcOfugMbwmef;'[mef;oifculjOwfhuljOM;/
vdlOfaoeBhZBmbzkufbo.rfjauMj [Awf;olef
rmufbuAif? rmufbrlifj? rmufbvmif;? rmufbq.uf;?
rmufbvrf;,fg; (uBm;nmif) qdlOf;eBhauMj n.ef=Of
ulef;rldif;[Awf;tev.ifjrmufjrD;vDyAef/
qmwfj ruf;rBmyAefOef;qdkifjwB;rM; rdlOfj
vdlefZFyf@ydOf@'D@ 7 Oef;/ xdkifrM;vdlef
ZFyf@ydOf@'D@ 12 Oef; uMjyAefzljwmif
wlOfulef;rldif;rdlif;wB;? rdlif;cmif? rdlif;csmif;?
rdlif;,mif;vFif tvj q.rfodkuf;n.ifbomef;
ndufbz.if;vlifcOfqOfj wkdufh[mifj[Fef;v.ifj
ydlifumef ydlOfjwMbrdlif;u.ef;acM,lbeefh ya,M;
u ZBmbe.ufjauMj o.ufj[Mwmif;cOfjwmif;qdrf
wduf;wduf;? cdkifvBm;nlefjvBm;O.ef;nrfbvBj?
qifbwuf;cdkifvBm;[kuf;[Bmh/ urf;eefh ulef;qkrf;
edkifj udefol;udefvmyfjao yM;nOfcdlifj,dyf;
wmif;wdkOf; u.ifjrdkOf; u.ifjqmufj cOfjemufj
,MUwOfcOfqOfj uMjwDjvkrf;z.if;vliferf;efg;
umifOAif;wMjukifj xdkifwDjq.rfodkuf;n.ifbomef;
wif; ulef;vlifurfjz.ifj oBmqfgvkylifqDOdwfh
wudkwf;vdkOfjwluf;okrf;ugMb rdlOfjvdlefusL@vBm@
19 Oef;? umifefg 10 rlif; yBm 31 rdedwfh/
|qOfjZMUvlifrdlif;y.efqOfjvAOf nrfb
oAifjrkefq.rf;q.rfodkuf;n.ifbomef;cOf Oef;xd
19_07_1947 eefhurf;vAOf/ vBjnOfwlOf
qOfj ugMbcOfj=if;,MvlifwMjukifj? xFifjOef;
edkifj Oef;xd 20 vdlefusL@vBm@1947 qifb
e.ef;tz;/ vkufje.ifhulef;q.rf;ref;qOfj
,.ef;cOfj,Arfjvkrf;vM;auMj arM,Mvlif
yMUwmef; (ayMjemif;cdefbarbwmef; ar;
q.rfodkuf; aebOdef;) nrfbyefcOfjwlpf;
vM;vM;-OMjeB/E
ydlOfjeBtvj ulef;rdlif;yAefnefqAyf;qfg
efg;nluf;rluf;eFrf;uljyD? q.efcDq.efeFif[if;zfg
[if;ref;/ OBm;eefhayM;xdkifvdlefusL@vBm@ 19
Oef;rM; qifbn.efuef[Awf;y.B;Omif;wlifbr.ufb
r.ifqfg w.yfbukef;rkefiOf;cOfqOfj zljyAef
auMU[wf;imef/ ydlifedkifj {jayM;ckuf;qfgvBj
rkefiOf;cOfqOfj qdlOf;n.ef=Oferf;eMj z.rfh
uefcwf;qfgnOfvBj rldif;v.wfjvFOf;u.ef;acM
rM;/ cefbxMb cmyfj[mifjZmifwlOfqOfjZMUvlif
rldif;y.efeefh nOfy.ufjOmefjuOfbrldif;vif ulef;
rldif;z.rfhuefvkrf;vM;omif;uAOfbzOfZB; rdlOfjyD
1948 vdlef=uf;rfgb 1 crfj/ z.ifwOfjcmyfjvkyfb
ref;qOfj tz[Awf; 2 u.if? u.ifedkifjauMbnkwfb
xkwfb[def [Awf;yMb[AOfjOBUwDj qAifbqmef;
Oef;n.ufbOAif;rldif;y.ef? u.ifedkifjorfh nOfugMb
ZifwDju.if;q.rfimef OAif;wMjukifj/
nOfrM;efg; yyfh[Aef;qefh 4 (yyfh=Of
odlOf) c.ifvlify.ifqdkifjwB;uljy.ufj? tr;xwf;
vwf;vOfurfjz.ifj/
u.ef;acM (14_07_2008)
vlrf;nrfbyOfbZlefnrfbwluf; oOfwkif;vlrfh[uf;ugMb[if;ref;
e.ifcAOfckefbayM;vFifqmif;[mif;
wlef;[mOf;v.Brdlif;y.efulefbumefhyif;vlif;vBmwDj
c.ufjvlifrdlif;y.efauMjumefh
odlOfvlif+ifhyefbvAyfjOAif;rdlif;y.efuljcrfjuljcdkef;
ulef;wif;vBmayM;wlifhwdkefbnlefarM;uefugMboAifj
q'dwfhwwmif;[Awf;omifj v.ifjwdkOf;
urf wmif;,mrfjref;qOfjauMj vOfjnrfb
w.efhudef? ,Mjvrfnrfbw.efholb? ylUauMj
nrfbnlrf? ZB;auMjnrfbvkwfb? orfhnrfbOBU
rMbe,fgbqfgokif? nrfbwlpf;eMjvAufh nrfb
wAuf;eMj,fgb? [Awf;q.rf;YwM;odkOfjodkOfj? arM
uyf;odkyfbulef;rdlif; arM[ufhqdlOfhcdlOf;wlOfuOfb
ayM;eifbvkufjnluf;vkufjqfgref;qOfj? eifb[dkOf
Omefjrldif;awvDaon.efw.ef;aouOfbeefh
ref;qOfjnOfwlOfnOfqfg wOhfqdkefbwmif;
,myfbwmif;zdkwfb? ,.rf;n.ufbidkef;n.ufbcrf;
[M+rfv.ifjwmif;=Uwmif;[eftvj Olefhq.rf;
yldOfjwMbv.wfjvFOf;u.ef;acM,lbuljrdlOfjuljcmOf;/
wifjnOf qArfrdlOfjyD 1946 vdlefelOf@
OFrf@ydlOf@ 19 Oef; ref;qOfjwif; q.rfodkuf;
n.ifbomef;cOf z.rfhuef[Mvmwfj [M=pf;
wlpf;ykefjydlOfjwMb v.wfjvFOf;u.ef;acM/
cOfqOfjugMbwDjekdifj,OfhwDjedkifj vBjxlyf;v.ifj
,myfbzdkwfbcmefqfg ya,M;uZBmbe.ufjcdkif,MU
cdkifuOf; [Awf;[dkOfauMjcOfqOfj nrfbzmwfb
nrfb,mefuef? =rfj[Fif;uefcdkifomifj[mifjy.if
,lbwduf;wduf;/
xdkifrM;rdlOfjyD 1947 vdlefZFyf@VdOf@'D@
4-6 Oef;eefh zljwmifwlOfulef;rldif;wB;
wif; qOfjZMUvlifcOfqOfj qifbwkrf=Of
z.rfh=rfjuef uMjwDjOAif;ymifvlif? OMjawnOf
u.ef;acM,OfheBao qifbruf;refjwkif;qdlOfh
wmifwlOfvlify.ifqdkifj rldif;rmefj qifbz.rfhoAif
yAif;ymufb =rfj[Fif;uefwFrfjvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif
vlif;vBm;rdkOf; udefuFefbeFefjeM wDjOAif;
ymifvlif nOfv.wfjvFOf;u.ef;acMrM;/
iOf;vmrf;iOf;erf;vlif nefyAefrM;
edrdwfjvmufbvBm;wDj=def; qOfjqmrfbxkef;
OAif;wMjukifjeefh rD;Oef;edkifjvlrf;nrfbyOfb?
Zlefnrfbwluf;? qkdiforfhoOfwkif;vlrfh[uf;
ugMb[if;ref;? rdlif;y.eforfh e.ifvlifvBjqdkOfj
e.ifcAOf rD;ZBmbn.ufbOAif;rdlif;y.ef neferfhofg
uljcmOf;eefh Zlefnrfbwluf; erfhavMjv.B
nrfbvBcOfj qdkiforfhckefbayM;vFifqmif;[mif;/
wlef;[mOf;v.B[drf;+rf;rdlif;y.ef qdlOf;eefhauMj
ulefbumefhyif;vlif;vBmwDj? c.ufjvlifrdlif;y.ef
auMjumefh/ vdlOfaoeefh odlOfvlifwlOfedkifj
+ifhyefbvAyfjOAif;rdlif;y.efuljcrfjuljcdkef;/ ulef;
wif;vBmayM;wlifhwdkefbnlefarM;uefugMboAifj/
vBj[efedrdwfjvlifyAefrM;qdlifheBauMj ref;
qOfjnrfbudkwf;nrfbvdkOfj nrfbokwfjnrfb=ef
ZlefcfgjrM;rM; ayM;rD;wmif;ugMbwmif;yB v.ifj
umefOmefjumefrdlif;qdkif ugMbq.rf;yBq.rf;[Awf;
q.rf;urf;vAOf/ efg;qfgref;qOfjOMj-]ayM;vBj
[Awf;yefykefjymifjwmif;vDulef;rldif;wif;vBm
vBjylefhqmwfjcMjeefh ykefjwlOfqOfjuOfb
vBjnOfedlOfhvdlwfjrmufb=Ofqfg vFufjnOfauMj
z.rfh} - OBhqfgeifbeB/
ref;qOfj wif; q.rfodkuf;n.ifbomef;
14 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L
qkrf;rdlif;vM;nrfb,.rf;-v.ifjodkuf;rmefjrdyfbnD;
qkrf;odkuf;rmefjrdyfbnD; qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;
rdlif;vM; wif; wyfhodkuf;rdlif;OMUz.rfh=rfj x.ef
n.ufbeMjvdef ? {jydkefhy.BboAefjwmif;rFufbu.ifj
q.rf;eifbydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;zdkefrfgb nefq.rf
qduf;odkuf;rmefj wmef;olpfb vlif;vBm;rdkOf;
ydkefzmOfbruf;refj rdlOfjOef;xd 29 vdlefar@
2008 /
=OfvdlefusL@vBm@eBh qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;
NDAA eMjvdefcdkufhw.ef; rBm 4 nefqOfj
qBm;vdkef; n.ef=Of qwf;[Awf;ymifukrf=Of[kyfj
cdkifjyD wDjiOfjikef;rdlif;vM; vBjqfgwluf;vlif;OMj
wdkef;awnrfb,.rf;[Awf;q.rf; zFefumefodkuf;
rmefj? nrfbrD;wmif;x.efn.ufbeMjvdef_v.ufj
cmyfj,Aef;yAefyvdufj ,lbwfgjqkrf;odkuf;rmefj
-OMjeB/
eMjvdefnefodkuf;rmefjqfgU qkrf;rldif;
vM;x.efwyfhn.ufbeefh -
(1) iOfjikef;wyfhqkrf; 369 eMjvdef
ovdkOf; nefrD;Omefjulef; 66 Omefj yAef
qmOf;cdlOf;v.B? ncMb? vM;=b wif;wB; =Ofulef;
rD;r.ufj 3 rdkefb/ eMjvdefeefh awnOfcOfj
efg;aq@OAif;rdlif;,mif;/
(2) eMjvdefiOfjikef;wyfhqkrf; 911
ndlifberfhymef; - rldif;vlpf? olyf;vlpfauMj
qfgUx.ef? rD;rlbOmefjqmOf;ncMb 53 Omefj?
wB; 2 Omefj (rdlif;t[U wif; rdlif;cef) aw
nOfcOfjefg;nldifbrdlif;,k wDjwyfhrmefjyuf;
(yAefvFefcFefjuefwif; eMjvdefrdlif;vM;)
aq@OAif;rldif;,.if;/
nef{jwyfhodkuf;rldif;OMUz.rfh=rfjx.ef
eefh yAefy.wf;rdlif;y.ufh? rdlif;zFef? =OfwOf;
3 ndlifb nefrD;wB;? vM;=b? v.B? ncMb
,lboOf;wMb 40 OmefjyBm ? eefhauMj awnOf
cOfjefg;aq@OAif;rldif;,mif;/ aq@OAif;rmufbrmif
(arMbZMU) y.wf;ukefcMukefclif;orfh odkuf;
rmefjawyefOMUcdkef;-OMjeB/
rdlOfj=OfyD 2008 wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB;
y.wf;+ifbauMj vBjxkufbodkuf;rmefj Zmifh[Fef;
OBUvBmqdlOfhvBmv.ifj -
(1) zljerf;qdlOf;nMb,kcmOfhtub {j
ayM;odkuf;aowifjyMbwDb umefrdlif;cOfjvdlufj
wifj? awq.Bjyef/
(2) zljerf;oFef;ymefumifcOf ykwfj
,dyf;umefodkuf;/
(3) odkuf;uAyf;rfgb_ulef;uOfb {jyefodkuf;
rmefjzdkuf;umefodkuf;yef/
(4) idkef;=Ofvdlef tvj cOfjerfh wmif;
udef wyfhodkuf;rmefj aw[yfhykefjz.ef;vAifhvl
-qArfqdlOf;eBh/
wifjtwb 1989 rM; qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;
nrfbydkwf;,dkOf;odkuf;rmefj rD; 15 qkrf;?
egf;qdkifjwB;rD; 9 qkrf;? rdlif;cmif 2 qkrf;?
,mif;vFif 3 qkrf;? rdlif;r.ef; 1 qkrf;/ nef
vBjxkufbodkuf;rmefj urfudef;wAuf;qfgUOmif;cdlifj
rD;wyfhodkuf;qdlOfhqmwfjqdkifjwB; (SSNA)
wif; wyfhodkuf;yv.ifj_wnmif; (PSLA) /
qOfjqBm;,Dj auMUyAefzljerf;xd 2 wyfhodkuf;
SSNA wif; qOfjodkuf;n.ifbrsMU cOftwh
nrfbulrfje.rf;awMbzljcAef? nOfZB;zOfvlwfh
uM;eyfhodyf;vrf;? ydkefhyFwfj=def;a,;clOf;c.if
yM;vkufje.ifhurfjz.ifjcOfjxldefbawMbolj odkuf;
rmefjcdkef; [mefhawMbOef;rdlOfjeBh/ q
OMU tvj rmefj qwf;[Awf;ymifukrfcdkufUcufU
ac;iOf;vBm;qmifj,kifj
Oef;xd 9_07_08 zlju.ef;wldif;odkuf;
rmefj omrfqAifb uAif;wkif auMUrfgb q.rf[mef
ausMbzAOf; vkufhrdlif;omwfbugMbrdlif;wlef/ +ifhzlj
u.ef;wyfhu.if (wyfh,def;rl;) 6-7 auMU [Awf;
ymifukrfwDjvkrf;wyfhu.ifjvlif OBm;Oef;,Ofhy.ufj
cdkef;rdlif;omwfb/ nefnkyfbuefv.ifjedkifjtwh
wMbyuf;wyfhu.ifjvlif ZBmbwluf;wmif;uM; [drf;
=pfjanMj/
Oef;xd 10 qOfjeMjwDj ZBmbodkuf;OMU
auMj [Awf;ymifukrf efg;ymifoOf;wyfh=pfjanMj
vyfhvyfheifbuOfb/ qdlOf;cOfj=rfjymifukrf yAef
zljrD;qefhZBmbodkuf; ZBmbz.if;irf; r.ufjodyf;
omOf;auMU/ qdlOf;vkufhrdlif;uRwfj rdlif;,.ef;
=Ofymifb=Of,.wfj Omefj[kifj qdlOf;eBhugMb/
vFifbcmOfbrldif;Zmifvmwfjte-]ymifukrf
cdkufhcufhqkrf;OMUnefnkyfbuefeBh rD;cmOfbOMj
ayM;odkuf;rmefj[kyfj,dkwf;nOfwDjvdef olef
,mifwifcOf[Awf;wyfhyuf;u.ifjvliftwh nrfb
yef/ ayM;odkOfhnOftwhz.rfh,lb/ vBjvlif;wdkef;
oAifjidkef;rM;erf? xFifjyDo.ifyD ckwfb,mifref;
cBmvBj,Ofh}-OMjeB/ vBmZBmbxwf;omifOMj-
]v.ifjodkuf;rmefj nkyfbuefvyfhvyfheefh
wdkef;yM;v.ifjaw[mifj[Fef;rdyfbnD; {jqkrf;
odkuf;OMU x.efy.ufjrdlOf;eMjvdefOMU y.wf;edlOf
(vFefvdeftcb) nefyAefeMjvdef z.if;irf;
wlOfuOfb y.wf;ymifomif; q.rf;eifbydlifiOfj
ydkif;rldif;rfgbc.ifodkuf;rmefjwwf;ruf;OBh/ ymifukrf
qkrf;OMUnkyfbuefauMjwdkef;yM;v.ifjaw[mifj
[Fef;vBm;tOjtujvdwfjw.yfbwFef;-qdlifh[dkOf?
v.ifjodkuf;rmefjurfudef;[mifjv.uf; {jx.ef
odkuf;} eB,Ofh/
q q q
Shan Herald Agency for News 15
INDEPENDENCE
ayMjvAifhrBU-odkuf;rmefjxkufb,dkOf;wBm
Oef;xd 15_07_08 qkrf; ynlOf;zldufb
PNO (n.ifbcrf;xDbyAefzljerf;_iOfjikef;
yuf; uRufhwvlif;) ckefodkuf; av;wD; n.ef[Fif;
ulef; 20 yBm wif; qkrf;ckefwlb'Aifb PNLO/
PNLA (qkrf;ynlOf;vFif [Fif;ulef;u.ifjr.ufj
100 zmwfbn.ufbqkrf;wMbtc;vdlOfb SNPLO
iOfjikef;e.ifxOf? cOfjxdlefbrdlOfjumifyD 2007)
yAefymifwdkuf;uef efg;wlifbwmifbndlifb=Oferfh
qkrf;ynlOf;eifbuef ,dkOf;uef
OAif;r.ufbrfgb ZBmbckefwl'AifbcOfwBmauMUedkifj/
zljvAyfj[Aef; umefrldif;rdlif;wB; qOfj
edkifjvmwfjOMj- ]zFefumefodkuf;rmefjeBh
nrfbu.rfhuMj[Awf;{jwB;wif; qmOf;cdlOf;efg;rldif;
wB; avMb=Ofuefulpf;? ,mrf;vAOf nOf=Of
ynlOf;eifbuefywfhuef/ zfgimOfjodlefjcOfjugMb
wlifb[FOfhodkuf;rmefjauMj =Uwuf;yAefc.efhwOfh
cOfirfzwfhulef;rldif;wB;cdkef;nrfb[mifh}OMjeB/
odkuf;rmefj cr, 524 ukef[dif; wif;
wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB; SSA wyfhqkrf; 759 ,dkOf;
uef[drf;Omefjukefulpfj nldifbuAif;vlrf; aq@
OAif;ukef[dif;/ OBm;ymifwdkuf;,Ofh odkuf;rmefj
wdrwfhulef;Omefjrfgudefrl? a[Mjvdkyfjulef;Omefj
cBmU=def;cBmUa,;/ ,lb,myfbcmefqgfeMbtvj
urfjz.ifjyBmjxkdifvFefvdefxB;/
vFifbcmOfbrdlif;Zmify.ifbrM;OMj - Oef;xd
17_06_08 umifefg 08;00-08;30 rlif;
odkuf;rmefj cr, 524 ukef[dif; r.ufj 70
ckefodkuf;n.ifbOdef;n.ef=Of wif; wyfhodkuf;
qdkifjwB; wyfhqkrf; 759 nefckefokduf;vlif
qBm;,lpf; n.ef=Of[Fif;ulef; 30 ,dkOf;uef
[drf;Omefjukefulpfj OlifjumifeM;auUtvj
Omefjymifouf; ndlifbuAif;vlrf; (,mefuAif;vlrf;
r.ufj 3-4 vuf;) /
odkyfbvmwfjOMj- ]OBm;ao,dkOf;uef
y.wf;efg,Ofh wmrf;crfjrM; odkuf;rmefjugMb+ifh
nOfylbumifhOmefjymifouf; OmefjeM;auh Omefj
yMbzMj wif;Omefjukefulpfj/ rfgudefulef;Omefj
eM;auU edlOfhrl 40 qB.U? qdte;OMj rD;odkuf;
wB;wlifhedkif[drf;Omefjtvj nrfby.ifbcmOfb/
Oef;xd 18 orfhrfgeldOfhrl ulef;Omefjymifouf;
xFifj 10 q.BU} - OMjeB/
odkuf;wB; vkufhwmif;OmefjyMbzMjugMb?
odkuf;rmefjorfhugMbxmrf[Modkuf;wB;? ulef;Omefj
yMbzMjvmwfjOMj nrfb[efeBtvj qifbwd
rwfh vkif;auM; nMb,k 62 wif;vkif;wMU
nMb,k 52 ndufbxFifj 3 auMU nOfc.efhayMU
qFwfjxmrfuljauMU/ zdlOfbulef;OmefjvmwfjcOf
OMj odkuf;wB;,lby.wf;Omefjqdwfb OmefjZBmb
ZBmbwfgjOmefjwlifjeB cOforfhnrfbugMbeifbuOfb/
Oef;xd 30_06_08 ,mrf;umifefgqOfh
04;00 rlif; wyfhodkuf;qdkifjwB;wif;odkuf;rmefj
wyfhcr, 524 ukef[dif; yAefymifwdkuf;uef
ZBmbqmef;wmif;uM;ukef[dif;-wMjauMj [drf;
OmefjOAif;zkpf; nldifbuMvd aq@OAif;ukef[dif;?
OBm;ymifwdkuf;,Ofh okduf;rmefjugMbwdp.yf;nOf
ylbumifhOmefjOAif;zkpf; qdkOfjvkif;vlif nMb,k
62 yD wif; ar;emif;yMjqmrfb 60 yD rwfhugMb
q.rf;cOfwDjwyfhuMvd/
ulef;Omefj
pM;qmufb
,.efhymifwdkuf;
odkuf;wB;,kdOf;odkuf;rmefj ulef;OmefjpM;qmufb
vFifbcmOfbvmwfjOMj - ]cdkef;eefhodkuf;
rmefjvkufhuMvdn.ufbiM;odkuf;ugMbwmif;OAif;zkpf;?
zdlOfbxdkifumifefgqOfhrM;auMj ,dkOf;uefwif;
odkuf;wB;[dkif 30 rdedwfh odkuf;rmefjx.efn.ufb
ymifwdkuf;/ OBm;rM;odkuf;rmefjrmyfbrfg wAuf;,.ef;
udefedlOfhrl OmefjOAif;zkpf; 25 q.BU? vmwfjOMj
ayM;olifbyefedlOfhrl qifbawy.Bbylbumifh/ ulef;
OmefjnOfrlolifbyef,OfhauMj wlOfylbumifhcM
zlOf;ar; yBby.Bby.ufj=def;urf;vAOf}-OMjeB/
;oyrmb @$2)2Q_ pK,yrs;y-,yh d5oyr
;Koyhx:dyTdK9yj-5;y],y v5b'yjs;yo,yt g0H;G'yr
o,ty0K'y ]wh'boyrlG'yd:'yhg,kr]wKd,yr9uhsboyr
]'yo6b'yh oy.rx:dyTooyt voyxGoys^boyr -:'y
d5oyrsG9yrdKoyxwKr,Kdyh,urxoy 0;yh,5b'yr06boyh?
z5b;yjlG'yd:'yhpGoyp;yt d5oyr;Koyhv:oy
doy-;yhd.kj95Pyr ]whsoyd5oyr % gdkT ]5,yt
9wKv5bdyj]5b9yhpK'ysb,yrz5boy-;yh/ ,urx5dyT'6boyr
xwjpkTgskjc]h '6 boyrg0hd,yhz:'yh,Kdyj
,5b;y;wto5b;yz5boy9y.hz5boy?
oy.rooyt9wKp;yt $ gdkT d6b9yrgdkTo6b'yh
95b;yt,K9yj]5b;ysC'yrc]h v;yl5'yjd.kjs^'yrpk
9:'yrd\ur d.kj9wK0:,yr9K'yr?
;wKr,kr]whs^T;kh 05b;yrvoy9wK % gdkT
ooyt xGoy l6bdyr,Koyh # gdkT 0;yhsKoy
v:'yj9ujs ZdC,yz5hd:oyr9xytd:'yX 9'yr -6oy
l6bdyr]5'y gvrlKoyr;boyr 9xyt -]p ((
-5;y],y/ ,ursw<r,Kdyjd:'yh-;yhokhzKdyjv:'yj9ujs
mC'yh # gdkT xGoygxkh]G'ytdkT,wT v5r05;yr9boty
Z,Koyh,Gdytmb]kj ]whg,r9wr-5;y],yX 9'yr
c-jo,yt-5dyT Zo:'y;:oyX {]Koy-5Py0;yh,5b'yr
06boyh gdkTxGoy0;yhs^boyr} voyd.kj9wK0:,yr
9K'yr z:'yrl5'yjs'yrpk?
g9kjpK,yr]G;yp'yrxwj,ur-K;yjp6boypoy
]wh;kh d5oyrswKTxGoyzy.06,yr]y. c]hp6b;yr-;y
9wK p:oytl'y? q
16 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L
qOfju.ef;qdlif; zljerf;umefqdlOfhqmwfj
qdkifjwB; [email protected] 17 yDwArf
(11_07_08) tvj vkufjar;yDje.ifh ndufbzlj
[ufhqmwfj ckuf;xlyf;,kufh,.ifjrkefiOf; [Fef;
wmef;,mwfberfhtzwmif;vDyef wDj=def;
ref;qOfj OmefjyAif;vlif? cmOf;,mrf; 09;00
rlif; ugMbwufh,rfckrfukwf;ref;qOfj edlOfoAefj
c.yfbvFefvdef ZBmbwluf;OwfhZMUOAif;ndef;
ndlifbyAif;vlif aq@OAif;OAif;[Fif [email protected]
uAif;rBb/
qOfjoFifqkrfj zlj,fgbefg; wyfhodkuf;
qdkifjwB; SSA (iOfjikef;v.BwB;vFif;) r.ufb
vmwfjacMjugmrf; uAOfbuyf;v.ifjvBm;vkufhzdkefh
ckuf;xlyf;wufh,rf qOfju.ef;qdlif; oAifjrkefwArf 17 yD
qdkifjwB;? cl;cdkef;ofg odkyfbumOfbvmwfjydkef;y.wf;
qOfju.ef;qdlif; z.if;[myfbumefqdlOfhqmwfj
ndufbyBm;Olefhv.ifjcwf;qfg umefz.rfh=rfj nef
ref;qOfj[Awf;rM; rdlOfj 1983-84? ayMjvlif
(ylbumifh) wAif; OmefjyAif;vlif umOfbvmwfj
wdkuf;olef;ulef;ekrfbwB; qdlOf;rM;wluf;rldif;xB;?
,Mbvlifvdkrf;Omefjrldif;qOfjuOfbtvj {jrD;qfg
[ufhqdlOfhcdlOf;qOfjuOfb aoodkyfb[Awf;umefugMb
qdlOf;eBh/
qOfju.ef;qdlif; nef,mrfj=Uquf;ulj
y.ufjOMj qOfjrlOf=dif; ([dkOf) qOfjrlOf;[Aif; eBh
oAifjurf@okwf;rkefugMbrdlOfj 11_07_1991/
qkrf;wB;uAif;rBb ckuf;xlyf;ukef;rkefq.rfimefwB;
Oef;xd 20_07_2008 qOfjZMUvlif
rldif;y.ef okwf;rkefc.yfjclyfb 61 yD? qkrf;wB;
uAif;rBbqwf;[Fef;ymifa,M;rkef rFifb,dkefj
ukolOfbxdkif zlj[wf;imefwif;vBm qdlOf;vyfh
v.Bidkef;v.Bcrf;/
zljerf;efg; auMvdufjvBm;tvj Zdifjtij
uAif;rBb qBm;oFif, vmwfjOMj]Oef;zlj[wf;
imefrdlif;=rfjwkrf? ulef;rldif;rmefjruf;refjyAef
1947 vdlefusL@vBmb Oef;xd 19 nefq.rf
odkuf;n.ifbomef;wif; qOfjqmrfbxkef; ndufb
zlj[wf;imef 7 auMU vBjxkufbulef;[BmU,dkOf;
efg;vkrf;z.if;vlifumifOAif;wMjukifj/ n.ifbomef;
wif; zlj[wf;imef 7 auMU vkwBmoAifjrkef
Oef;eefh/ qOfjqmrfbxkef; orfhvBjugMbcOfj
=if;,MxFifjcdkef;edkifj Oef;xd 20_07_1947
qifboAifjrkef/ u.yfjeeftvj [Of;qifbvBj
qwf;[Awf;Oef;rldOfjeBh}-OMjeB/
odkyfbvmwfjxFifjOMj-nef[Of;qwf;
[Fef;wmif;vDOef;rdlOfjeBh nrfbu.rfhuMj,dlif;ql;
qOfjZMUvlifrldif;y.efqOfjvAOf? ,dlif;ql;yM;
qOfjZMUvlif rdlif;,.if=pfj qOfjolpfbwFufj
yM;qArfzljauMbwifj ekrfbodkuf;[mef qOfje.BU?
qOfjiM;crf;? qOfjydkef;wB; ndufbvBmvBmqOfj
rdlefeifbqOfjqmifh,.if=pfj? qOfju.ef;qdlif;?
qOfjoFifodkuf; awMbxdkifqOfjumef;,.wfj
cl;rsdefhwmef; C cOfqOfjqdlOf;eBh/
OBm;wmef;cOfjoAefj? vAifhvlyDje.ifh?
tzbukolOfbyef zlj[wf;imefwif;vBm,Ofh -
qOfjuef;qAwf;? cl;cdkef;ofg? cl;crf;vFif; C
ndufbvBmvBmqOfj r.ufbvmwfjacMjugmrf;? v.ifj{j
ulef;ekrfbumyfjymef,mrf;vAOfxkufb=Uukef;rkef
zljydkefhy.BbedlOfhvdlwfjoBmqfg ydlOfjwMbqdlOfhqmwfj
Omefjrldif;? xkufb[ufhoMugmrf;vmwfjZdifj[dwfj
+B;qOfjuOfb? vdlOfeefhauMj teiOf;[mifjxBmb
q.rfimefvlif qOfjqmrfbxkef;? vlyf;ymifugMb
r.ufjOBm;Oef;/ rD;ulef;cOfj=rfj 100 yBm/
[wf;[mef - Brave ? wmif;[wf;[mef
- Courage ?zlj[wf;imef- Hero ? q.rfimef
(zljydkefUy.BbykefjvDokefbwlOf ydlOfjwMbwmif;
,krfb,rf_ydlOfjwMbqdlOfhqmwfjOmefjrldif;) -
Martyr / q
Ph
oto
: S
HA
N
ayMjvlifwAif; OmefjyAif;vlif
Shan Herald Agency for News 17
INDEPENDENCE
qOfjwlefcl;vlif ydwuwfymifvlif pMe
orfzM' qwkwfx r[MeM,u iOfjikef;
rkufhqkrf;vlifoifcqdkifjwB; nMb,kqOfj 84
OMbqOfj 64 cOfjylpfjolefrmufb[mufjcrf;
Oef;xd 08_07_08 umifcrfj,mrf; 19;12
rlif;wDj=if;,Moifc OAif;vlifwlefjwD; qOfj
cl;u.ef;=if;[Aef; y'd,wfhwd OwfhaOvkOef
OAif;wlefjwD;vmwfjteeifbeB/
qOfjwlefcl;vlif ydwuwf ymifvlifeBh
rD;wmif;yAef cFef@odlOf@ (rmufj[Aif;) tvj
nOfugMb,lwf;,MwDj=if;,MoifcwlefjwD;
wifjtwbOef;xd 19_06_08/ vBjzMbwwf;
,lwf;,MrM;awMbxdkif Oef;xd 08_07_08
ao ylodefoAifjrkef cOfjylpfjolefrmufb
[mufjcrf;ugMb,mrf; 19;12 rlif; =OfcrfjOef;xd
08_07_08 / z.if;,mrf;umifefgqOfh 04;00
rlif; Oef;xd 09_07_08 nOfcmyfjwlOfref;
qOfj y.ufjrldif;cdkef;wDjOwfhydwuwf OAif;ymif
vlif/ wMbOef;omif;uAOfbzOfZB;eefh oifc
qOfjwlefcl;vlifydwumwfjymifvlif
cOfjolefrmufb[mufjcrf;
qOfjwlefcl;vlifcOf aw[Awf;ymifukrfnkyfb
nlOf;wFyf;wwf;xFifjurf;edkifj/
qOfjwlefcl;pMeorfzM'eBh qdkOfjrdlOfj
vAufh +ifh qBm;xD; uldwfbyDoMoeM 2467
vdlef 11 v.ifj 2 crfj (14_10_1924
Oef;nif;umef;) qMbwdOmefjerfhoBm; nldifb
Omefj[mwfb aq@OAif;vmif;cdlOf;/ ayMjqOfj
qdkOfj ylbv.Be.BUtcb? trjqOfjqdkOfj yMjan;
emif;/ yAefomifbrdlOfjOef;xd 03_03_1939
cdkefjyAefqmif; Oef;xd 23_10_1944 / ,mrfj
ugMb[Aef;vdufjOwfhumefbusD; (e.if[Bm;,Mj) vfg?
OAif;wMjukifj ? wMjvdlOfbvgf? n.ifbylefhqefhvdufj
,gf;[dkefzdkefusmrf; 8 zdkef vBjqkrfjcl;oMo
ewfhx qoD'DyO' xrfrq'd, rdlOfjyDc'dwfh
1954/ n.efcdkify.ifauMbwifjymify.B; clefhcBj
wFrfjw.yfbvdufj y'd,wfhwdowfhxrfryMv
uFefbqOfjqdkifjwB; OAif;ymifvlif yD 1974 -
1991/ ,mrfjwFrfjyMvdydefbwB; 10 yyfhyBm-
vdlOfeefhwFrfjugmrf;ol;Omef;? yyfhoWfWM
ywrMvM? xrfrqusMb vifbuMb[MjacMj
newfhwvufce okwfhwefbvifuMby.wf; -
qArfqdlOf;eBh/
acMjugmrf;cdkufhvdkufhqOfj -
z.rfhuefnefOMjeBh rD;z.ef;vD
z.rfhuefidlOfjoAifjoAifjauMj-
awMjawrD;z.ef;vD aoqdlOfhaoydlif,lb/
ndifyyfhyDu.ef;crf; yDwB; 2102 eDj
vdlef 6 rlef;
wifjtwbOef;xd 13 vdlefusL@vBm@rM;
oAifwB; RFA nefy.BboAifyef Oef;oOf
umifefguljOlifjeefh vFufjvBmjcBmhvdlefjcmOf;,mrf;
y.BBboAif yAefumifcrfj 20;30 yBm awMbqrfxdkif
21;00 rlif; (cmOf;,mrf;rldif;wB;) wDj SW
31, SW 41 Oef;okuf; uljOlifj/
=if;y.BboAif RFA y.BboAifZBmbrmefjuljOef;
umifefg 07;00-8;00 rlif; nefy.BbyM;zMoM
wB; cmOfbimOf;wif;y.ifjugmrf; uAOfbuyf;Oef;ckdufh
crfbvdkufhvrfbudkuf;uyf;ydkef;qdkifjwB; uljOef;
oOfeefh ndifedlOfiOf;vBm;Omefjrldif;tvj
yDje.ifhulef;rldif;wkuf;ao cyfhrBmy.BboAifqmOf;cdlOf;
wif;cyfhrBmy.BboAifZBmbrmefj umifcdkef; 23;00
-24;00 rlif;eefh nOf=rfjuef cBmhugMby.Bbudkuf;
cyfhrBmy.BboAifumifcrfjrdlOfjqOfh ,mrf; 19;00
rlif;q.rf;uef/ u.yfjeefcmOf;,mrf;y.BboAifwif;
x.rfb? cFef;awMjy.Bbyefcdkef;umifcrfj OMjeB
tvj qifbvBjcBmUcmOf;,mrf;y.BboAif Oef;okuf;
umifcrfjcdkef;/ ndifedlOfyDje.ifhulef;rldif; wkuf;
,.ef;xFifjao cmOf;,mrf;nmefbcmOfb_nmefb
y.ifjugmrf;auMj,lOf ac;qmifjvBjwdlOf;cgmufjxFifj
,lb/
oifqdlOfhyDje.ifhzljx.rfb[Of;cOf idef;
rFefjwDjzdwf;wDjydlifjwDj=difjwDjudlif; nef
nrfbxkufbqfgqdkif qdqrfjxwf;omif_rlefhtr;_
wlifhwufhyefwmif;[efxdkifrM;-wDj[Aif;vdufj
e-mail: [email protected] ,
(ayM;wFrfjql;wDj [email protected] qdkif
cFef;awMjofgb=OfacMjOMj To - RFA Shan
Program aourf;/)
oAifwB; RFA vFufjvBmjcBmUvdlefjcmOf;,mrf;
rlwf; [dkif 2 qlOfjrlif;? 19;00-21;00 rlif;
uljcrfj/ cyf;rBmy.BboAifwB; nmefbcmOfbwif;
y.ifjugmrf; cmOf;,mrf; 17 rdedwfh eefhauMj
awn.ufbOef;okuf; umifcrfjuljOlifj cmOf;,mrf;
rdlif;wB; 20;30 yBm awMb qrf 21;00 rlif;
wif;[dkif 17 rdedwfh_wDjoAefj+ef (cdkefh) SW
31 , SW 41 /
oAifwB; RFA twby.BboAif n.ufbcmOfb
cmOf;,mrf; 5 rdedwfh uljOef;okuf; wifjtwb
Oef;xd 25_08_2006 / q.rf;eifb zljx.rfb
idef;wkuf;,.ef;tvj vBjcgmufjcmOf;,mrf;xFifj
12 rdedwfh cyfhrBmnmefby.ifjugmrf;ao cBmUy.BboAif
umifefg uljOef;oOf wifjtwb Oef;xd 12
vdlefan@y\ldOf@vf 2008 / ,.efhurfjz.ifj
wkuf;,.ef;OMj umifefgukrfb[MudefvAifhw.ifh rkdifh
ugMbolefugMb=dufjtvj urfjerfnrfbayM;yAef
18 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L
dKoy0y.TlwK]xytdKoy0y.TlwK]xyt
05b'yrl6bdyrl6oyr06b;yj
��� ��� � �� � ��� ���
05b'yrl6bdyrl6oyr06b;yj
��� ��� � �� � ��� ���
x:'yhlbxyrlK,y
l6oyr06b;yj,:dyj;kh
gdkj9'yhsC'yrl6bdyro6b'yhlCoy v:dyj96bdyr
sG'y]uT/ d5oyr,5b'yr]whly.jxoy-6oy,5b'yr0y.T o6b'yh
;oyr-,yrsG'y0'yh? xGoy9K'yr]5b9yj,whoy.r,5b'yr
o:dyh,5b'yr? d5oyr05b;yr]whm6dyj-KoyrsG9yrl6bdyr
g9v5oyh]5,yt0:,yr9kh0:,yr9K'yr? dKoyswh
dKoyokr g9x5;ytly.jo5b;y ) lCoyokhs^boyr?
{]wKrz:'yr',yrc-j,5b;yhd:oyj 0Cdyj9uh
]boyz6dyjl:,yh;wtxGoy + 9:oyh? 9:oyhdK'y @
9:oyh xGoy9kj-6oy,5b'yr/ d5oyr,5b'yr05b;yrsG9yroy.r
_ 9:oyh Zo6b'yh9:oyh oxyt;kho6b'yhlCoy
okhs^boyrX ooyt g9]whsG9yrxoy? gxkr;kh
okhs^ boyro6 b'yhlCoy ]whv:dyjxoyl6 bdyr
o6b'yhlCoygdkh sKxyj,oyrg995dyrly.jo5b;y )
lCoyokhs^boyr voyd6b9yr?
9xytl6bdyrl:'yawKj g9-G'yj9kTdoyp5j
]wKxuS9kjv;ygxtdoyoy.r;oyr]G;y? d6,yjmuj
oG;y'6 boyr-,yr9:oyh9kj p6dyTp:'yhdoy
xoyl5r]Kxyhdoygl v,yjp:,yrs^T';yr]wKr
z5h-Goyowt 0K'yhm6dyjcor;kh 06b'ygxTlCoy
-K9yjsK,yr0y.d5oyr? d5oyr05b'ytooy v,yj0y.h
z5ho,yrd5oyr/ v,yj0y.hz5hd,yt0w:h-6oy,5b'yr/
v,yj0y.h0;yhv:'yjgxt?
-6oy,5b'yr]dyrc]h 0:,yl6bdyr]u 96bdyr
gxTx5oyt9:oyrx5boyh]whooyt ,ur9uh]:'yhsTmkh?
]:'yhs^Tmkhooyt v,yj0K'yhx6b'yh-6oyzu -6oy
lK'y/ v,yj0K'yhv;y95;ym5xyr,5b;yhd:oyjc]h
v,yj0K'yhoxytl:oyj9Cxyr99yr Zd,yhz:'yh;kh
v,yj0K'yh95Pyr,6b;yt95PyrpK,yrX? 0K'yhv;y
]wh9uh d5oyrs^T';yr]wKrz5h-Goyd5Pyr?
0'yj;kh ]wh0y.TlwK]xyt * lCoyr voy
xGoyS
u lwK]xyt,5b'yr
u lwK]xytoy.r
u lwK]xytl:oyt
u lwK]xyt9wK c]h
u lwK]xyt]bxyr
gxkr9'yr * lCoyr sG9yrdKoyp5j06b'y
v,yj,urzy.sTm6b'y]wh]:dyr]xyt,oyr? owtsGdyh;kh
JakTd6,yrd,y;wt lGoyh,w]wKlGoyh" xGoylC'y]u
]5'y-6oy,5b'yr?
lwK]xyt,5b'yrowooyt 0y.Td5oyrx6boyt,5b'yr
oy.rz5h-Goy? lwK]xytoy.r owooyt 0y.T0;yhokh
9uh oy.rz5h-Goy? lwK]xytl:oyt owooyt 0y.T
-6boyrlwK]xytz5h-Goyxw:j,kr? lwK]xyt9wKooyt
xGoyz5hgdkTxw:jzK;yj-K;yjdCdyr -K;yjzK'yrs;yr
05rz5h-Goy Zgxkrz5h-GoysT]:'yh,oyrp;ytgdkh
m6dyj-khsC,yX? lwK]xyt]bxyrowooyt xGoyz5h
gdkTx:dyh,kr]wKr'Koyr-K;yj-6boyr?
0'yj;khoy.r9xytl6bdyr v,yj,urzy.m6dyj]wh
0,y0y.xG'yrlwK]xyt/ v,yj,urzy.m6dyj]whl5r
]KxyhxG'yr-;y/ v,yj,urzy.voy-6oy,5b'yr]wh0y.T
9K'yr]dyr]C,yxG'yro5b;y-;y/ v,yjl6b;yhly.gdkh
v,yj0y.T-;y]wh? v,yj,ur0y.,G9yt9kjgdkh
l6bxyjokhS@@
Shan Herald Agency for News 19
INDEPENDENCE
d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh
To become aware of what is happening (the process) meditate.By being aware of what is happening,you begin to sense how it is happening (the principle).
John Heider, The Tao of leadership (1985)
-y.hsT,oyrxGoyl'yp5jSsy>h-;yhl,m?
gxkrsT,oyrxGoyl'yp5j06b'y g9-;yh0y.,kr;kh ,oyrsG9yrs6b;yxGoy?
]:'yhxGoyl'yp5j s<'yt;kh -dyTdKoy (process)
]:'yhsG9yrs6b;yxGoy s<'yt;kh ]dyrdKoy (principle)
wlOfwBmvBm;nrfbeOfj
The body may expire(But) the tattoos (=achievements) never rot.
�⌦�������� ����� ���⌫���� �����������
cE<maoaomfjim;enf;emrsm;rykyfrysuf
20 Vol. 25, No. 246, 2008
L
d.K,yr9C9yh
,5b;yhl:'y]5boyx5oyt,kr xuho:'yt,5b'yr95dyr 05b;yr]GxyhsGoyr]bdyh2d.K,yr9wr -;y]K9yhcoz5h9w:js<dyh;kh 05b;yrd.kjvC;yj,5b'yr9wr ,5b'yr,Koyhgl
9:'yhmK,y]:'yhmw:h9wr (term) ,y.j05b;yrooyt pboyrxCdyj0y./ p:oyt;kh9uho6b'yhc]h9uho6b'yh 06,yro6b'yhc]h06,yro6b'yh ;khv,yj,5boydoy? gxkrxGoyow
0K'yh,urz:oyr0kT]wK]:'yh?
q ly.jly.j,kr9wro'yjdoy]K9yhg9kjdoy g9v,yj-;yh0y. Zx:'yj0y.X doy?
q d5oyro:dyh05b;yr]GxyhsGoyr]bdyh2d.K,yr9wrgdkh 0K'yhd.'y0y.gl ,5b;yj0Koyhd.kjxC9yh?
q gxkrs6b'y,kr 95'yj;5'yr ;C9yt;5'yr ]bdyhd.K,yr9wr 0K'yhdCxyh]5'yrgl 0K'yhswK]wh?
,5b;yh]G;y gxkr9wr9K'yr95dyr-5'yr ,kr,5b'yrmwr06b'y x5boyhs<'yt;kh z,kT Z,KoyhX d:xyh-;yv,yj-;yh0y. Zx:'yj0y.X d.K,yrs;yr? 96dyr9kxuho:'yt
9wr-6boy 9wr]6b;yt 9wrp:'yr ;oyr95dyr-5'yr,krc9t v,yj'boyrx5boyhs<'yt z,kT ? p:oyt;kh]K9yhg9kjdoy -;yhdoyx:'yjdoy Z;wrS'wKhX?
p:oytooy dKoy-5'yv:dyjmw:h,y.jowt]u]wh,ur;wT ]dyrdKoy (principle) voys;yrd5h9uh9uhsxyt]whc]hm6dyj,Coyh? ]u,ur9uh-:oyh96,ydoy?
zy.-5'yv:dyjmw:h,y.j05b;yts6b;y l5'yj,kr9uhooyh? 0'yjdw:hm9yrlK'y;kh 0:'yjm6dyj,Coyh0:,yr ]dyrdKoy s;yr9'yrlG'yh]wh0y.doy;wT? gxkrp;yt0'yjdw:h
0y.T96b;yr06b'y g9]u]5b;ys6b;y?
xuho:'ytc-j 95dyr9y.h9K'yj0K9yh # x:dyhS x:dyh9uho6b'yh ,:'yHd5;yH]y (Mongol) x:dyh9uhl:'y 9y.h,oyHd\3H (Manchu) ? -;yp'yrp5j
]:9yh,krowt ]:'yhpy.j]:'yh]5'y9uh-6bdyTl69yr,oyr xGoyzklkd.K,yr]K9yh-;y ZoCoyhok,oyhd6b,yrX ooytp;yt?
9wr9K'yr95dyr-5'yrs;yrowt gxkr95Pyroy.r06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,yc9t xGoyd5oyr-5b;yrpy.j? d5Pyrdkh gxkr95Pyro:dyh06b'yh,5b'yrs,yh96,y06b'y xGoyd5oyr
-5b;yr]GdyT? 9:oyh9kjd5oyr-5b;yr]GdyT g906dyr,oyh]whgl -;yhcdhv:dyjdK'yx5boyh]whooyt gxkrv,yjx6b'yhvb'yxuhx6b'yhvb'yo:'yts;yr 05b;yrpy.jooyt
g9d.kjx6b'yhvb'yzy.?
x5b'y]5'y,oyrSgxkroy.rxuho:'yts;yr ,urmw:hd.K,yrvoys;yr0y.T96b;yr]whp5jgdkh s;yrv,yj9Kxyh-5'yv:dyj,y.jmC'yhp;yt? gxkrv,yj,ur0'yjs;yr,kr
v6xyjdoygl -5'yv:dyj,y.jv,yj]us6b;y? gxkrooy0'yjS-5b;yr9wro'yjdoy ]K9yhg9kjdoygdkh -;yhdoygl 0K'yhxGoyvGoysC'yrdC9yjc-csTd'yh
zkjlkd.K,yr]K9yh05b;yt-5b;yrs;yrd.kj?
vb'yrd]G9yh mwr lG'yv:dyj 9wr;kh]wh mw:h9wr2,Koyhvoy0y.Tp5j
Blood cell ��������� ,G9yr]5b;ytFv9yt ,G9yt]5b9yh -wj]5b9yh Z95Pyrv6X
ZlufC'yH ¤6b;y lu-K;yX Zlu]C'y s6b;y lu-K;yX
Bloodline ������ lwK]5b9ytFv9yt lwK]5b9yh vGoy]5b9yh
Bloodshed � �������� dKoyHo:'yH]5b;ytFv9yt dKoyo:'yr]5b9yh S
bloodstain ������� ¤w:H]5b;ytFv9yt sw<r]5b9yh S
Bloodsucker �����⌫��������� l9yjmuTf69yj]5b;ytFv9yt l9yr]69yj]5b9yh l9yr06xyj]5b9yh
Blood transfusion � �������� dKoyHmwKj]5b;ytFv9yt dKoymwKj]5b9yh ]:'yhl.K'yr]5b9yh
Blood type ��������� ,5j]5b;ytFv9yt ,5j]5b9yh 06,yr]5b9yh
Blood vessel �������� lGoyt]5b;ytFv9yt lGoyh]5b9yh lwK]5b9yh
Blowtorch �� ��������� -¤5b;ytFv'yt z5oytawH -5b'yhx5oyhawr S
Blue ⌫� !��"�# ⌫�% luo,ytr'5boyH/ luakTr luo,yt'6boyr/ luakT lul:,yj
