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S.H.A.N. P.O.Box 15, Nong Hoi P.O., Chiangmai 50007, Thailand

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Shan Herald Agency for News 3

INDEPENDENCE

pWc]:kCam];nL: 1

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9k ;khd5Pyrp;tyowgl xw:jx6boytxw:jxC9yhlwK0y.

4 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L0u;b9yt995;yd;yj06b'y/ 9dyr]whxGoy9uhx5boyh

cltl:,yr;kh d5oyrxC9yh]wK ? dKoyl,yj]y.x5b'y

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0-l Z@+2@@2#QQ+X


INDEPENDENCE

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6 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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okefbvBjz.if;irf;[if;acMwArfxlefj 2Uokefb

vBjulef;_zAifbyAif; 3U [email protected]'@oD@ qdlOf;

eBUE qkrf;odkuf;rmefjnrfb[Awf;q.rf; ulpf;yBb

ayM; ,if;odufb,MUyFwfjvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif/

ayM;nOfrBmrDjOMj ,mrf;vAOfqdkifjrldif;=rfjwkrf

nrfbrD;,OfU auMjOMjvBj/ qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfeBU

ydkefUwDjeMjvdefqmOf;cdlOf; ,lboOf; 57% ?

=Ofulef;qmOf;cdlOf;rD; 41% ? nOfumefodkuf;

ayM;cfgj{jOmefjrdlif;uwf;,Aef wuf;vBjckuf;

clefUtr;y.if[Awf;q.rf; vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif

([dkOf) erfUqfgymifvlif/

acMjudefuFefbvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif 1947

eefU ydlifvlifref;rD;OBUOMj uljtqjrldif;rD;

okefbvBjz.if;irf;tqjrdlif;zfgref;[if;acM? rD;

okefbvBjzAifbyAif;? rD;okefbvBjwFyf;wwf;

wlOfuOfb[if;acM? =rfj+rf;uefyAefqdkifjrldif;

=rfjwkrf wArf 10 yD,OfU tqjrldif;vfg cfgj

zmwfbn.ufbauMjvBj-qdlOf;eBU/ ¾

l6bxyj,krokhS6

ukrf;,dyf;nrf;emwfjugMbxFifjcmOf;,mOf;ulpf;?

,.efUeeftvj cfgjwkuf;,.ef;qOfj[Of; nOf

vdufj=rfjrBmymifvliftvjcgefiOf; vdufj=rfjrBm

ymifvlif wdkuf;olef;{julef;rldif;qdkifjrdlif;=rfj

wkrfrmefj rD;v.ifjqrfqfguefcdkef;-eB,OfU/

ZBmbedkifj qOfj,.wfjodkuf; auMjvmwfj

OMj-n.efwmif; ,mrfjwdkuf;olef;cmif v.ifj

vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif? u.yfjOMj rldif;cmifrD;rM;

,.efUvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif? ayM;nrfbrD;vdufj

=rfjrBmymifvlifauMj nrfbrD;rldif;cmif/ (efg;vdufj

=rfjrBmymifvlifyM;OMj nOfrdwfUusD;eM; wif;

OmefjarMj =rfjuef[Awf;tqjrdlif;cmif)/ u.yfj

eef cmifvDvBjnOfvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlifvmwfj

awMbqkrf;odkuf;rmefj-OMjeB/ ¾

tujvdwfjulpf;nrfbvBj? wuf;vBjnOfumef

rldif;tujvdwfj eBUqFifjvFif;/ nrfby.ifbOMj

qkrf;qmOf;cdlOf;nmef;wFufbn.ufbqdkifjrldif;=rfj

wkrf qldifUeifb,l@ulOf@ovM@VD@,dlOf@ tvj

olOf@OFwfU yAefvBmvBmrdlif;/

uMjylefUrM; urfjyMjerfwlufbvmwfjcdlOf;

v.ifjnOfu.ef;acMaowMU iOf;vBm;vkrfjZMU

Oef;rldOfjeBU nrfbyefwMbnOfu.ef;acM? vkrfj

ZMUomefcwf;v.ifj qdkifjrdlif;wFufb,Bmjtvj

urfjerfcdkef;,.rf;[yfUOMj xkufbvDauMbwifj

qdkifjrldif;=rfjwkrf/ nefrmefjOMj- rdlif;rmefjrD;

135 qdlOf;cdlOf;tvj wyfUodkuf;rmefj wuf;vBj

ukrf;,dyf;OBUeefUnrfbqfgj? wdkef;nrfbrD; 135

qmOf;cdlOf;? zmrf;vFefwMb{jwyfUodkuf;rmefj


INDEPENDENCE

nefqkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf; (SSA) y.wf;

+ifb wif;odkuf;rmefj nkyfbuefwDjvMjoAOfj

rdlOfj 14_11_09 ao wmifbteoBmrBmulef;qdlOf;

,.rf;[yfU[Awf;wyfUyfgUeMjvdef 3 wDj- y.wf;

xkifUrmOf;? vB.cdlOf;-erfUvefj? uMvdukef[dif;

wif;oAifjnAef[Fif;r.ufj 200 eefU odkuf;

rmefjOMj{jtr;olef;wkrfrfgb wDjanbokwf;

{jrD; 3 wyfUu.if? edkifjwyfUu.ifvfg,Mb{j,.rf;

250 ? rmefjvmwfjxFifjOMj- v.ifj[Awf;yDbwk

qdwfU wyfUyfgUeMjvdefeBU {j,OfUwlOfjeMjyD

2009 oAifj-OMjeB/

qOfjvB.rmOf; qOfjuBmbZMU cOfvmwfjwDj

q.rfodkuf;t,;rsdefUOMj- zlju.ef;odkuf; zljrD;

qefUurfjerf yBbcOfjqfg,.rf;[yfU yBbz.rfUtvj

nrfbqmifjOMj[dkOf? rD;uMj[dkOfauMj wmifbte

uMjeefUulpf;-OMjeB/ OBm;eefU odkuf;rmefj

vFyfjyB.bcmOfbnOfv.ifj qOfjodlOfxFefj [Awf;

acMje.ifboAwfjuMjoAwfj=Of vmwfjOMj ayM;

,.rf;[yfUvFufjvBmj awqmifjyB.byefqOfjodlOf

xFefj-OMjeB/

cmOf;wmif; r.ufjedkifjvdlefrM;eBUauMj

twb[Awf;=def;rfgbwMb qOfjodlOfxFefj ,lbwDj

oFifuFOfU? ulpf;uMj qOfjodlOfxFefjOMj-oifvBj

v.wfjn.ufbauMjcfgjugMb,lbrldif;tcbulpf;-OMjeB/

ydlOfjwMbvFufjvBmjyAef wyfUyfgUeMjvdef

nefrmefjwdlOf;yefcmOf;,mrf;awMbxdkifyDoAifj

eefU {jyefugmrf;w.yfbvdkef;okwf; Oef;xd

22_11_09 ulpf;uMjqkrf;wB;qkrf;OMU yBbw.yfb

oifeifbuef/

urfjz.ifjxwf;omifOMj- Oef;xd 23_

11_09 qkrf;odkuf;rmefj[Awf;ymifukrf+yfj 4

vdlef y.ufjurf; 3? u.yfjeef odkuf;rmefj{jw.yfb

Oef;xd 22_11_09 eefU ydlOfjwMbwmifb

vmwfjnkyfbefg;ymifukrf? v.ifjqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;

cOfwdkef;awnkyfbefg;ymifukrf-OMjeB/

qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;oFifuFOfU wmifbte

oBmrBmulef; qdlOf;,.rf;[yfU[Awf;wyfUyfgUeMjvdef

HGF (Home Guard Force) wMb 3-4 wDj

y.wf;xkifUrmOf; rD;[Fif;r.ufj 60 qOfj[mef

,.wfjrmOf; awn.ef=Of? y.wf;vB.cdlOf; erfU

vefj tqjOAif;oDbayMU efg;wyfUqkrf; 3 rD;

[Fif;r.ufj 50 yBm qOfj[mefwmef;ax;n.ef=Of?

y.wf;uMvd-ukef[dif; wyfhqkrf; 7 rD;[Fif; 50

yBm wif; 3 wDj=rfjr.ufj[drf; 200 yBm/

qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;wif;odkuf;rmefj =yfU

nkyfbuefy.ufjeBU nrfbayM;cOfjv.uf; cOfjO.ifb

uef? wif;o.ifbZBmbxAifarM;uefoAif,fgb

oAifvlif[mOfj[Fif;OBU-OMjeB/

nefodkuf;rmefj ,mrfj,dkefjugmrf;cmwfb

OMj ulef;nMb,k 50 cdkefjedlOf {judkwf;vdkOfj

umefodkuf;eefh ZBmbt,;rsdefhcOf ,.efb,mef;

yefOMj- nMb,k 60 cdkefjedlOf qifbuB.judkwf;

vdkOfjayM;umefauMjvBj-OMjeB/

Oef;xd 16-17_11_09 OBm;vkufU

vMjoAOfjy.ufjrdlOf;cdkef; qkrf;oFifuFOfU [Awf;

ymifnkyfbukrfoyf;vFif;teuefwDj iOfjikef;

oFifuFOfU-eB,OfU/ ¾

zljerf;ymifomif; olbqfg;yef[Fif;qfgqkrf;rdlif;vM;

qkrf;odkuf;rmefjvFyfjnOfv.ifjyB.bqOfjodlOfxFefj

=pf;qkrf;wB;udkwf;odkuf;[Awf;yDbwkqdwfU

Oef;xd 08-10_11_09 ylefUrM;

zljerf;qefhokifqkrf;OMUvBmvBmauMUvlif;ugMb

qfg;nkefbqfg;,Aef yef[Fif;qfgukrfuef wif;

zljn.ef=Ofqkrf;rldif;vM; ? idef;OMj zljerf;

o.ifqkrf; vBjqfguefyefjuFefbeFefjeMvldOf

uOfb? nrfbyefyAefqdlifUeifb rldOfjulOf;umifU?

[Awf;{jzlju.ef;odkuf;wyfUu.ifwyfUqkrf; zljrD;

qefUcOfefg;wyfUodkuf;rldif;vM; rD;[Fif;qfgcdkefj

rM;twUtwU cdkef;yAef=yAefwM,krfU,krfUclOf

clOf rM;urfjerf-OMjeB/

zljerf;qkrf;OMU ugMbrldif;vM;y.ufjeBU rD;

yOf;,AOfb'D; qmOfUauMnmif; ,defodlif;ydlef;

qdlOf;eBU/ =OfyOfj qOfjqBm;vdkef; ndufbzlj

erf;qefUokifqkrf;rldif;vM; [yfUw.efjnkyfb

ukrf/ zljerf;OMUyef[Fif;qfg,fgbOMj- ,Mbay

,.rf;umefU ,Mbyefwluf;v.uf;vlrfbvkuf;crf[FOfh

rmefj-eB,OfU/ ¾

x;yrpG;yjiur c]h 0;yh0wKr]6boyr ,5b;yhxw:r #Q xu,5b'yr]kr Bao Youri with Sai Leun

Ph

oto

:H

arn

(S

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8 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L

OBm;zljerf;qefUokif wyfUodkuf;rldif;OMU

z.rfU=rfj (UWSA) ugMb=yfUnkyfbq.rfodkuf;

t,;rsdefU wDjwmifU,mef; Oef;xd 14_11_

09 rM;eBU wyfUodkuf;OMUtrbcgmufj auMbomifj

wyfUymifqlif [drf;rif;oFif nefwifj,lbedlOf

vB.,fgbvB.vlif awMbeMjvFefcFefjOMU-rmefj

cdkufh,fgbvdlOfuOfbxFifj? nOfvlwfhVFufh=Of; (back-

hoe) ckwf;ao [Awf;wyfUc.ef@u'dwf@vlif

cFrfUcFrfU/ wyfUymifqlifeBU awMbeMjwyfUvB.

ymifvlif c.ifodkuf;rmefjnefyAefwyfUrmefj

qdkOfjoAif,fgb ZBmbn.ufbclif;? rdlOfjyMbwDbc.rf@

rdOf@edwfUrldif;rmefj (yuy) wif;odkuf;rmefj

,dkOf;uefuljy.ufjauMjwif;o.ifZBmbwBm=Ofymufb/

wyfUvB.ymifvlif yAefwyfUrmefjy.wf;

n.ufbclif; awMbeMjvFefcFefjOMU wifj,lbOlifj

umifrif;oFiftvjclOferfUclif; wMju.if;nFwf;/

wyfUOMUymifqlif rD;ZBmbn.ufbwyfUrmefj vB.

ymifvlif? ,mefuefwwf;okdOfj 3-4 vuf;

awMUtwUrkifj[efuef/

nefOMUcdkef;tr;cgmufjwyfU auMbomifj

wyfUrfgb{jcdkufUcFrfhvdlOfuOfbeBh twbqArf=Ofvdlef

oFyfhxFrf@VdlOf@rM; wyfhymifoOf;odkuf;OMU nef

awMbeMjvFefcFefjrmefj y.wf;arMbZMU eMj

wmif;qmef;auMj trbcgmufjauMbomifjcdkufUcFrfU

vdlOfuOfb-eB,OfU/

ZBmbedkifjwmif;edkifj twbumifvdlefn.ufU

xlOf@VdlOf@rM;eBU qOfjeMjwDjOMU [mrfjulef;

qmOf;rmefj cOfjeMjvdefOMU? wDjqOfjuM;auMj

oifbOBUOMj ,Mbaywmifb? qldOf;rD;Ofguyf;wlOf

rmefj (rmwfjylifbwdefb) qArfvAufU,fgbekrfb

xOfjqBm;,dif; ulef;rmefjqdlOf;,lbOBUauMj ayM;

n.ufbrdlOf;nrfbvBjcOfjcdkef;ymifomif;/ rdlOfjvAOf

ulef;rmefjqdlOf;,lb[Awf;umef efg;ymifomif;

wif;rlwf; vmrf;cmwfjOMjrD;r.ufj 200-300?

[Awf;umefuljv.ifjv.ifj rdlefeifb[mefUcBmclOf;

oufUclOf; trjr.ufb,Mj rdyfbelwfj auMbomifj

=if;tr;vlwfU vmifUuM; ZBmbzkufbo.rfj tvj

umef,myfb umefeuf;uljydlif/

efg;ulef;rmefjeyfU=Ofymufb qdlOf;[Awf;

umefrD;,lbymifomif;uljq.ufUulji.efjeBU wdkef;

yM;oBmvyfUodkuf;rmefjurfjz.ifjeefU qOfjeMj

wDjOMUauMj=U? rdlOfjvAOfa[j=yuf;wMwlpf;

q.rf;vdlOfuOfb/ ZBmbedkifjauMj ydkefzmOfbOMj-

ayM;zfgcfgjy.ufjrdlOf;-rdlOf;vBj? ,lbauMj{jrD;

vuf;xmef rD;umef[yfU+if; rD;oAefjrBm=Of=def;

wFwfjeFwfj-eB,OfU/ ¾

OMUtr;ukrf;cgmufjwyfUcdkufU,fgbvdlOfuOfb

uAOfbuyf;v.ifjrmefjqfgU[Awf; wyfhyfgUvFef

eefU zljerf;qefUokifOMU oFOf;rdefbvsFif?

qmOfUOdlefugmif;? yOf;,AOfbvsFif? vDbql;tvsU

(nl;n.ifbrsdefU)? wMUnBmjvlef;? yOf;omrfuwf;

(zlju.ef;wyfUqkrf; 468 rfgb)-cOfugMb=yfU

nkyfbwDjwmifU,mef; rldOfj 14_11_09 / ZBmb

odkuf;rmefjrD; q.rfodkuf;t,;rsdefU? uFrfzlju.ef;

wdlif;odkuf; qAifb+ifbOef;n.ufb (vMjoAOfj)

qOfjodkuf;vlifvMUrsdefU? ydOfb[Mbrl;wmifU,mef;

qOfjokduf;vlif cBmbaqMb -qdlOf;eBU/

t,;rsdefUvmwfjOMj- {jvFufjvBmj[Awf;

wyfUyfgUvFefvdef 3 wyfUu.if/ (vdlOfaoeefU

y.ifbOMjawvBjOmif;cdlifj? nAef[Fif;odkuf;OMUrD;

2-3 rdkefbauMj nefawvBj,dyf;u.ifj,lbwfgj

odkuf;rmefjukrf;,dyf;yAefwyfhyfgUvFefvdef aw

rD; 2-3 wyfUu.ifulpf;)/ zljerf;OMUcOfw.yfb

OMj nrfbz.rfU? nefz.rfUeBU zlju.ef;odkuf;

rmefj 3 auMU ugMb,lbq.rf;iOfjikef;ymifomif;?

zljrD;qefhodkuf;rmefj ,lbq.rf;uljwyfhu.ifeefh

nrfbz.rfU-OMjeB/

qkrf;OMU ,if;vmwfjwDjrmefjOMj- eMj

vdefy.wfj=Ofymifb-ymifbvlif tvj arMbZMUeBU

qdkifOMjyAefeMjvdefOMU/ okduf;rmefjorfUwdkufh

yuf;xif,lbvMb-OMjeB/ uAOfbuyf;idlefjcB_acMj

e.ifb qkrf;OMUugMbwmifbteauMj okduf;rmefj

ymufjyFwfjrlwf;? wif;o.ifZBmbnrfbwluf;vlif;

uefvBjoiftvjylwf;ymifukrf-eB,OfU/

ZBmbOMUvmwfjwDjrmefjOMj- [Of;q.rf;

qfgol? [Awf;q.rf;ugmrf;oluljorfbuljydlif? cmOf;

wmif; 20 yDeBU yAef[Of;,.efb,mef;vBmvBm?

nefol,.efb,mef;yef[Of;nrfbrD;oif? qArf

rdlOfjugMbwmifbteokefbvBjokefbyAefqmOf;cdlOf;

OMU[Of; efg;ymifukrfvlifqmwfjqdkifj NC auMj

olnrfb[yfUoif? orfUcfgj{j[Of;[yfUc.ifoloAifj

oAifj? olorfhnrfb[yfhc.if[Of;oif [Of;rM;nkyfb

urf;eBh nrfbqfgjwMb qkrf;OMUymifomif;[Of;

ulpf;? wmifwlOfyM;qkrf;rldif;vM; rdlOfjvAOf[Of;

2 qkrf; wluf;vlif;uefyefjuFefbeFefjeMuef

,OfU-OMjeB/ ¾

OMU=yfhnkyfbrmefj nrfbwluf;vlif;uefvBj

xAifarM;ylwf;ymif

oFOf;rdefbvsFif Xiao Minliang

Ph

oto

: S

HA

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INDEPENDENCE

ndifedlOfwdkOfUwmif; Oef;ymifyB.;ulyfUulj

o.efUrdifj_ymifcFufb vkufj,dif;qmOfhqlif;wmif;

(uFrfzljerf;odkuf;xd 2) ao Oef;xd 17_11_

09 zljerf;qkrf;rldif;vM; ugMbymifomif;/ o.if

ZBmb[Awf;ymifukrfnkyfbnlOf;uef Oef;xd 18

awMb 21 ? zljerf;ymifomif;rD; oFOf;rdefbvsFif

(uFrf=OfyOfjxd 1)? qmOfUOdlefugmif; (uFrf=OfyOfj

xd 2) qmOfhauMbnmif; tvj qmOfhqlif;wmif;/

qkrf;rldif;vM;rD; uFrf=OfyOfj qOfjomifbvlb?

uFrf=OfyOfj qBm;vlif (xAifbvdef;) |vkufj=Of

yOfjvlif qOfjqBm;vdkef;) ? zlju.ef;odkuf;okif

okwf; avMomef;yOf;-qdlOf;eBU/

=Of[kyfjymifukrf wluf;vlif;vBjqfgyefj

uFefbeFefjeMuefvdlOfuOfb? =rfj+rf;uefuFwfb

tculef;rldif;tvjeMjvdefo.ifqkrf;q.rf;uef/

vdlOfaoeefU nefokduf;rmefjrdyfbiFef;_wkuf;

zljerf;OMUwif;rdlif;vM;c.efjvdlwfjrefjuFefbvdlOfuOfb

,.ef; wrf;idlefjcB_acMje.ifbOBU 9-10 acMj

qdlOf;eefU wif;o.ifqkrf; nrfbqmifj,.rf;[yfU

[Awf;q.rf;vBj? odkuf;rmefjawwkuf;,.ef;_rdyfb

nD;urfudef;xFifjwduf;wduf;auMj awnrfb[yfh/

ayM;ZBmbodkuf;rmefj,.efb,mef; ,.rf;[yfhacMj

e.ifbo.ifqkrf; 4-5 acMjtwU aw,.rf;[yfU

vFufjvBmjqdkOfj [Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdef wmrf

vuf;umef/

OBm;zljerf;qefUokif 3 qOfj y.ufjxdkif

cdkef;rldif;vM;,OfU Oef;xd 23-24_11_09

+ifUymifukrfnkyfbnlOf;oyf;vFif;uef wDjiOfj

ikef; rldif;vM;? r.ufbyM;zlju.ef;okduf;wif;

wyfUqkrf;cOfj=rfj/ ymifukrfclefUwlufbcdkef;acMj

ugmrf; nefzlju.ef;omrfwdlif;odkuf; q.rfodkuf;

rdef;n.ifbvBmb vmwfjwDjuAif;wkif Oef;xd 7_

11_09 uAOfbvlpfjwmif;[efedlOfqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;

1U qkrf;udkwf;odkuf; rD;wlOfnrfbrD;=Of 2U qkrf;

,dyf;u.ifjumifbq.rf;vFefvdeftcb qdlOf;eBU yAef

qkrf;[uf;vifzdkefUOBmbzmwfbn.ufb yMbwDbc.rf@

rdOf@edwfU rldif;rmefj CPB (yuy)? 3U vkufU

wDjyAefqkrf;auMbumef[BmU,kifjnlef,MUuOf;

Omefjrldif;rM; 4U yAefqkrf;[Awf;umef,MjrOf;

urf/ OBm;ao[yfU+if;wwf;ruf;ydkefzmOfb ydlif

iOfjydkif;rldif;rfgb,OfUauMj nMb,kqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;

okwf;oAifj-eBeefU,lb/

zlju.ef;odkuf;rmifauMUvmwfj- ]nef

odkuf;rmefj,mrfjvmwfj- ayM;ylefUOef;ruf;

cmef;,OfUtwU yefcOfjauMjawcOfj nrfb

yefcOfjauMjawcOfjeMjvdef qkrf;rldif;vM;

eBeefU qmrf;wlpf;vBj,lb? [mif;awMb[mif;

wFef,lb[if;ref;? ayM;cOfcfgjtob,MUauMj

qmrf;wlpf;vBj,lb}-OMjeB/ ¾

iOf;vBm;wmif;ymifomif; vFyfj,AefoDb

edrfqdkifjaowMUrD;cmOfbOMj -wyfUodkuf;OMU

eMjvdefodkuf; 171 y.wf;wfgjeefU nrfbvBj

rBjqfgv.ifjqkrf;odkuf;rmefjqmifj=pf;olef;vBj

OdlpfUoFOfbuif;? ZBmbedkifjumefodkuf;auMj [mifj

[Fef;v.ifjcdlifju.ifjumifb rmufbrdkOfjqdkef;,mrf;?

v.ifjnOfwDj,lbyuf;yfgU? v.ifjZdkuf;z.efUumef

odkuf;qdlOf;eBU/ zlju.ef;odkuf; zljrD;qefU

zlju.ef;wyfUu.ifwyfUtzy.wf;eldOf urfjz.ifj

auMj cwf;ymufbwmufUwmufU rmefjeBU,dkOf;rdlOfj

vfg auMjvBj? rdkOf;clrf;eFefb,OfU-OMjeB/

ZBmbekdifjauMj rdlOfjOef;xd 20_11_09

uM;wlif;Zdlif;okduf;rmefj 15 vrf; vkufUwmif;

wlefjwD;vwf;zmefb uMvd-ukef[dif; vlif;ugMb

cmrfjclif;wMjauMj rd lO f;wmif;n.ufbclif;/

ulef;Omefjn.efuefOMj-wmifbrmufbu.ifjqdkef;

,mrf;vBmvBm yAefwdlufjyAefwdlufj? wifjqfgcfgjrFef

teydlefj nrfb=rfbzMj,mif nrfbt[Unrfb

OMUy.wf;wfgjodkyfb[mifj[Fef;umefodkuf;

wlrf;oif - OMjeB/ ZBmbedkifjauMj rdlOfjOef;xd

19_11_09 uM; BE 10 avMU 12 vrf;

c.ifwyfUndef@usdef@eD@,dlOf@ odkuf;rmefj

vkufUwMjcDjvAuf; wmifbvlwfUVFufU=Of@? x'FufU

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10 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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12 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L

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rldif;vM;cOfxwf;omifOMj- wdkef;yAeferfhrdkOf;

odkuf;rmefj[Awf;-OMjeB/

Oef;xd 28_10_09 nefqkrf;rldif;vM;?

ugMbuAif;wkif nkyfbv.ifj,.rf;[yfhvuf;umefrmefj?

ulpf;uMj yBbqmifjvFufjvBmjurf;vAOfwif;ydkuf;

eefh rldOf;+ifhymifukrfoyf;vFif;te zljrD;qefh

zlju.ef;odkuf;qefUumifcOf/ urfjerfnrfbcfgj

[yfUcfgjz.rfU? xdkifwDjurfjz.ifjayM;cDcDiOfiOf?

qfgwluf;qfg=ifj? urfjz.ifjauMj wdkef;vmwfj

wFufbvFif;OMj- [Awf;[dkOfauMjnrfbz.rfU? cfgjnOf

vBm;vDvBm;[BmUauMjnOf/ v.ifjZB;rBjumwfbeBU

,krfb,rfOMjyAeferfUrdkOf;odkuf;rmefj- eB,OfU/

ulef;rmefjqdlOf;,lb[Awf;umefrldif;vM;

wif;oAifj ,mrfjrD;r.ufj 700-800 auMU?

qkrf;rldif;vM;xAwfjxwf;wdp.yf;awMUwmifb

nOfolifbugMbx.ufbclOferfUydif; qfgUy.ufjcdkef;

wmif;uAif;wkif/ ,lb 2-3 Oef; n.efuef

v.rfvFrfcOfjcdkef;rldif;vM;? ,mrf;vAOfrD;r.ufj

400-500 / ,krfb,rfOMj-efg;eefhqmifjyM;

oBmvyfU_oBmq.yfbcmOfbodkuf;rmefj? wif;qldOf;

yfgUulefb,MUvkuOf;vFOf qdlOf;eBUauMj clef;cOf;

q.rf;-OMjeB/

vBm;rmefjzMbxFufbqFufbwwf; qkrf;

rldif;vM;ao ,.ef;oBmrBmulef;u.ifj rdlOfjOef;xd

09_11_09 odkuf;rmefj,.ef;oBmrBmulef;_u.ifj

ulef;nMb,k 50 cdkefjedlOf qdlOf;awudkwf;vdkOfj

umefodkuf; wDjqkrf;rldif;vM;? {jolifbyef/

orfUqFufbtzqkrf;rldif;vM; yAef 3 ZBmbao

,.ef;/ okduf;rmefjqFufbnOfeMjvdefovdkOf;

cOfjyM;efg;tqjOAif;rldif;,mif;? erfUymef; cOfj

yM;efg;tqjOAif;rldif;,.if;? rldif;vM; yAeftqj

OAif;ulpf;ref;/ u.yfjeef ydOfb[Mbrl;rldif;cmufb

,.ef;ugMboBmrBmwyfhqkrf; 369 ovkdOf;? ydOfb[Mb

rl; rldif;,.if; ,.ef;oBmrBmwyfUqkrf; 911

erfUymef;? rldif;vM;twU Oef;xd 09_11_09

wmrfwlOfzlju.ef;+ifjumef G-1 efg;vkrf;wdlif;

odkuf;omrfqAifb (uAif;wkif) qOfjodkuf;vlif

wmef;xkwfUwAif; yM;qkrf;qdlOf;vkufje.ifU 7-

8 auMU aougMb,.ef;/

nefwmef;xkwfhwAif; ugMb,.ef;eBh ndif

edlOfugmrf;q.rfodkuf;t,;rsdefU vmwfjOBU wmif;

rldif;vM;auMjw.yfbOMj- yBbqmifjyef? rdlOfjvAOf

zljrD;qefUodkuf;[Of;urfjerf ,if;yBbz.rfU?

[Of;auMj,if;yBbwlOfjwef;? awvBjqfgUcmOf;

,mrf;xFifj-OMjeB/ ¾

14 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L

(1) wMbcdkef;tr;auMbomifj v.ifjcdkef;

vDuefefg;qdlOfUqmwfj qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfrldif;

rmefjeBh wuf;vBjclefhcdkef; vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif?

okefbvBjefg;vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif 9 acMjeefU

wFufbvFif;,lb,OfU/ qmOf;cdlOf;vDvBjclefUcdkef;

vdufj=rfjrBmymifvlif[if;zfg[if;ref;? nOfacMj

udefuFefb 9 acMjnkyfbuefcdkef;? vdufj=rfjrBm

ymifvlifeBU qmOf;cdlOf;vrfbv.ifjvdlOfydlefj? ayM;

yFwfjvdufj=rfjrBmymifvlifauMj yef[Mneftuj

rM;wdkef;nrfbxdkifwDjxdkifwmif;/

(2) iOf;vBm;vkrfjZMUvFufjvBmjrM; ulj

rdkOfUuljOef;? umefvdlufjwifj 2010 eBUauMj

qkrf;odkuf;rmefjawwlyf;wM ulef;rdlif;wB;[Of;

zmrf;wMe.ufjrldif;ao vFef vkrfjZMUxFifj

ulpf;? eBUauMjulef;rldif;wB;[Of;vDOlefUOMj

nefvfgvD nefvfgnrfbvD? rmefjeBU=Uaw

v.ufbidkwf;{julef;rdlif;urfUxFrf,lb? urfUxFrfugMb

,OfUauMj rmefjawvBjwlOfulpf; awnrfbvBj

=Ofqfgulef;rldif;[Of;? u.yfjeeftvj cmOf;z.if;

,mrf;eBU ulef;rldif;[Of; vD[ufUuefvdlOfuOfb

twUtwU/

(3) qkrf;odkuf;rmefj rdyfbnD;qkrf;udkwf;

odkuf;uljqkrf; [Awf;wyfUyfgUvFefvdefauMjvD?

[Awf;wyfUyDbwkqdwfUauMjvD? wdlOfUomifjvdlOf

Omif;cdlifj? u.yfjOMjodkuf;rmefjcOf aw,lbq.rf;

edkifjwyfUu.ifvfg 30 ? yAefodkuf;rmefjukrf;urf

yFwfjoAifjoAifj? rmefjaw[Mwmif;zdwf; auMU

edkifj,OfUauMUedkifjao acbyFwfjqkrf;udkwf;

odkuf;cOfn.ufbyFwfj {jayM;oAifj/ acMj,dlif;

nmef;qkrf;udkwf;odkuf;eefU u.yfj,dlif;nmef;

wMbtujvdwfjumefrldif;/ oifqkrf;odkuf;rmefj

orfUwlpf;cmrfjylefUao nrfb[efwMbtuj

vdwfjwmif;umefrldif;? orfU{jtr;c.wfbz.wfj

wyfU ,lbyMjwfgjwyfUodkuf;rmefj? oifOMj,.rf;

[yfU[Awf;q.rf;qdkif v.uf;qkuf;umefrldif;cOf

wuf;[BmyFwfj? ayM;v.uf;qkuf;umefrldif;[BmauMj

nefqkrf;udkwf;odkuf;cOfydkefzmOfbrM;OMj aw

[Awf;ykefjwMbulef;rdlif;? ulef;rldif;urfUxFrfqB.j

rM;cOfjerfUidkef;w.if;ao vkokrf;u.wf;zmef

rM; rD;wif;erfeefU awokrf;yFwfjvBmvBm

v.ufbv.ufb/ Oef;rdlOfjeBU zljn.ef=Ofqkrf;udkwf;

odkuf;cOfauMj awyAefYwM;cmrfbvlif/ cfgjZmufb

xdkifuljqOfjuljwlef qdlOf;[ufUqdlOfhqmwfjOmefj

rdlif; {jZmifUuFrf;vDvD? cfgjZmufbugmrf;Oef;yD

rfgbwB;tvjOef;rdlOfjeBU rD;eifbeB/

qOfj,.wfjokduf; (12U11U2009)

clefUcdkef;ymifvlif

,:dyj0C'yhm6b'y z5hvKoyjd:oyrg-k

d5oyr,5b'yr9wrd5h0K;yr-5b;yrowt d5b;yr]ulk

lok voyv,yj,5boydoy ]wK05b;yt]wKx5b'y?

vb'yo5b;yz5h9w:js<dyh Jd:oyrg-k" oxyt

p,ypbxyr,oyh]dyrdKoy fuH,:dyT-giHluH/

l6oyj]whd5oyr/ l6oyj]wh95;yd;yj9Cxyr99yr

s'yrg-k/ d5h0K;yr-5b;yr d5hlklok d5hmKoyh

d5oyr 9dyr]whsxtyx5Pyh ]:'yhm6dyj,Coyh0:,yr

I9kr Justice, ]:'yhzG'yjxG'yr Equality, ]:'yh

]:9yh]C;yr Freedom o'yjdoy voyp:,yr

sxytlG'ydK'y0y.06,yrd5oyro,y/ ;wTodyrdC9yjc-

lG'ydK'y0y.06,yrd5oyrgvj?

x5oyt,kr,5b;yhdK'yxuowt -5rg,kpk]5'y0wKr

m5Pyr gdkTxGoyz5ho,yrlklok-ib9yt voy

p5jl;yr,5b'yrvg,Hib-5b;yH (USA) 96dyrp:oyr

x6b'yhvb'y,kr -y.hp:oyrv;y96b;yt9K'yr0y.T96b;yr

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fuHlC,yH[5b;yHX o6b'yhx:dyh]y. @ okh voyxGoy

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9:oyhowt v,yj0y.h;kh z5h9w:js<dyh,ur

gxkH]luH x5b;yh9kjdKoyl5oyr96,y]:'yhlk

lok owooyt p:oyrx:'yj]C'yrm6b'yz5hvKoyj

s;yro'yjow?

Zz5hm9yrm:'y d:oyrg-kX

acj;cmefymuf,ugef:acjacj;cmefymuf,ugef:acj

Ph

oto

: S

SA


INDEPENDENCE

qOf;ab,ok yAefzl;vfG(rBm 1)

,y.jl6'y-kh

xuho:'yt9wrs;yr-khd,yhz:'yh p'yrg9xwj

9:oytpK,yh]whm:,yj]wh'boyr]whvKoyj ]:'yh

0;yhgpjl6c]hp'yrv,yjsT;kh 0;yhgpjl6

xGoyIzkrs6b;yxGoyd5oyr? xGdyTl,yt;khs;yr-kh,ur

xxytpy.rs6boyz6boym,yr Zl,yj,kjd\K,yr]bdyhX

voy]K9yhcod.K,yrl:oy-:'yIzkr0;yhgpjl6

gdkh ,K'ygdkTv,yj,urpy.rs6boyz6boym,yrc]h

v,yj]wh]5]whvKoyj? s;yr-khxw:jlG'y9Koyhcwh

oy.rlwK]5,yrd5hoy.glgdkh ,K'ygdkTv,yj,ur

giHfG;yHc]h v,yj0K'yhm:,yj0K'yh'boyr?

,5b;yh]G;yowt xxytd:oyrg-k vo6PK9yhxoy

sy>hs;yr-kh ]wh-;yhxkr9C,yhv:dyj ,:dyj]K9yh

xoyxuho:'yt9wr ]:'yh0;yhgpjl6c]h s;yrckh

,5j06,yrlklok-ib0yt ,ur9K'yr-:xyh0y.py.jpy.j

o,yo,y?

0;yhgpjl6owt xGoyIzkrvoy96boyr,ur

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]5boy]K;y9k;oyr 95oyh,wt95oyhf:dyj,:dyj,Kdyj

95oyhp5b;yh95oyhpkh 95;yl9yr99yr,C'yr

o5dyTo5x5xk]b'yrd5oyr dkhxGoyl9yr9'yr]5'y

p'yrxwj,urxwjxGoy glvoygl95;yglgdkT

ooytgvkh?

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d5hl,yjlCoyx5b'y 9'yrlG'yh9'yr,59yrgvkh?

c 5 b'yhx5by'yvoy,Kdyj9kd5oyrs;yr95Pyrsoy]wh

95Pyrv,yjsoy]wh voyv,yj,urlwK0y.c]h

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0;yhzKoyjx5'ysG9yrxGoy,krgvkh? d5oyrgdkh

xGoy,oyr0;yhzKoyjx5'y-5'ylK'yhsG9yrxGoy,kr

gvkh? gxkrv,yj,ur,oyr0;yh06b'y vuhl'ygdkh

g9v,yj,ur? d:xyhx5b;yh,oyr0;yhzKoyjx5'ysG9yr

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d:oyrlG'yhlG'yhgvkh?

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0;yh96boyrxGoyIzkroy.r-5'yrdK'ysK;y 0G,y,5b;yh

d5oyrp'yrxwj,urxwjxGoyooytgvkh?

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o'yjs6b;yg996b9yt9wKr0w:hv;yd5oyr sy>h]whv:dyj

x5oty,5oyt]:9yh;59yh9K'yrzb9yr9K,yjp5rxKdyh

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pGoysK,yr-Goyooyt ,oyr0;yhp:,yr]5'yr,kr

c9jloyjgmjv;y0k9bd5oyr sxytv;y05;yh

xKoyd5oyr v;y06b;yhd5oyroy.r,5b'yrd5oyr ,5b;yhx5oyt

,kr xuldyhdiK9yh #Q@$ xu,5b'yrooytgvkh?

;oyrxw:r-ib0yt,K9yt voy;kh;oyr0;yhgpjl6

d5b9yj]G'ytooyt ]6,yhakTd,yjakjd5h,5b'yr,5b'yr

v:oydoysG9yrxw:roy.r]5boyfuHlC,yH[5b;yH #*

;oyrgvkh?

xGoy;oyrvoy0;yhgpjl6 Zd\uHl9yt

-iwKTlyX ]5'yr,kr,5b'yrd5oyr x5b;yh9kj96b9yt9wKr

0w:hv;yd5oyr-5'yrdK'y d5hgdkTd5hd5oyrgvkh?

9wrs;yr d5oyr,5b'yr9wrs;yrgdkhxkrgvkh?

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co ]:'yh0;yhgpjl6 p:,yrxGoy0k9bd5oyr

gl d5b9yj]G'yt,kr05b;tys6b;y voy;khooytgvkh?

xy.Tl6bxyjvKoyjgld,yr-kh?

sy>hIzkrxGoy0;yh xoyx:oyr,b'yh-.oypy.j

py.jo,yo,ygld,yr-kh?

oxytp,yglc]h

-5rg,kpk]5'y 0wKrm5Pyr

Z,5b'yrs,yh96,y vg,Hib-5b;yH USAX

py.rs6boyz6boyvb'y

';yhx6b'yr]6,yhakT E Genesis @S# ?

gdkrg]krclr E Collossians -5;yH]uHluHpCoyH @r@*S @) ?

gsjcYxr E Hebrew suH[¤5H@r#j @r@QS@$j @r$ ?

lkj]K,yjEPsalm lK,yH @Q#r#%S#) ? ¤5;yr, E Rome ¤5,yH +r* ?

p5;yrsKoyj E John dqoyH *r#QS#@j @Qr$Qj _r%#j _r%#j @(r#)S#_j +r$_j

#Qr#_j @r@% ? vblkjp E Issaiah vb9yHlwKHpkH )r@% ?

,K9yhcmj E Matthew ,C9ytmb;yH @r#$j @(r@(S@)j @_r#Qj #_r@_j @$r#*S#) ?

# gxj9¤6 E Peter zuH95b;yH @r@ ? 9b96 E Titus mwHm9ytly #r@$j #r@#S@$ ?

]6dkj E Luke ]6dyT-y +r#Q? ,kjd6 E Mark ,KdyT-y @r#$S#%j #r*S)j $r@@j *r(S)?

oMoeM

16 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L

OMbwqldOfhzef; Racism efg;rldif;rmefj

;kj905b;ytzoyr ]whm6dyj0y.T96b;yr,kr

c]h 96bdyT0y.T96b;yrp5joy.r]wK]wK,5b'yr? ;kj9

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System) ? z5b;yjg9p6dyTp:'yh]dyrdKoy06b'yh

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(Federalism) owt xGoydKoyzK9yjv:dyj? zy.

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s<'yj Z,5b'yrd:'y ;Koyhg,khX xGoy,krc0h,5b'yr

-K'y? -K'yl,yt,krp5b'yh0:,yr95;ypK'yj,Koyhgl

xGoy0;yh;kj905b;ytzoyr-K'y mC'yhs'yr-;y?

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d5Pyrs6b;y?

xGoy,krxK'yd6,y]5'y0K9yh06b'yh (Na-

tional Convention) gdkh l6bdyr,KoyhxGoyz5h

0b0,yh-6b'yx:'yd5hdoyd5h9:oyh? 0bcor;kh9wr

xGoy0;yh;kj9zK9yjv:dyjowgl xoy9K,yj

]5Pyh]wKr0CdyjczzCoyj]boy,C'yj;kT xv5;yr

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s'yr-;y? c,rzu9wr pkT]C;y9wr]5Pyh dKoy

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INDEPENDENCE

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18 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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d.K,yr9C9yhd.K,yr9C9yh

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Speak universally, Write locally: The Shan path to survival

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owt v;y,krl6bxyj,6b9yhcoto,yrcoxoydoy? -Coyrg9kh;5oyt95Pyrg-khd.K,yrz5h9w:js<dyhgl ]ugdkhv;y ,;ygdkhsy>h95dyj]K9yh0b0,yhcolGoyh9K'yr

lK'yjm6dyj]5b;yooyt l5'yj,krgld,yr?

vb'yrd]G9yh mwr lG'yv:dyj 9wr;kh]wh mw:h9wr2,Koyhvoy0y.Tp5j

Clause �� g-kTpw:T g-khpw:h x5dyh,kTv:oyj

Clay ��⌫� fboyHoG;y ]boyoG;y

Clean ��⌫�� d]utFpG'yt dG'yh ,59yrly.2,59yrdG'yh

Clear �� ]5'ytd\C'yt ]5'yt0C'yh lK'yr]K'yr

Client �� ]6dyT-.K,yH ]6dyhd.K,yr tr_onf20;yhv,6

Clinic ��⌫�� -]uHobdyj -]urobdyT glr-Koyr2s<'yhpk

Cloak �� l5b;ytFvkT-]6,yH l5b;yhd6,yr]5,y]5,y

]5;yFv,y ]5;yFv,y

Close �� d]wT dy.h/ 0,y

Clue �� !��" ¤:'yt¤w:H/ '5b;ytFvoyt',yH s<'yhsw<r/ '5boyh',yr '5boyhsw<r2c9r]6oyj0kT

Coal #�� mKoyjsboy mKoyjsboy mKoyjsboy'5bdyh2dqdyT,ur95Pyr

20 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh

Barons and princes style themselives “The little one”To remind themselves of their dependence upon the lowly

Tao Te Ching, Chapter 39Lao Tzu, 6 th century BC philosopher

-wjlC'yzoyr-,yr-;y0;yh sGdyh95;yd;yj;kh Jz5hv:oyj]GdyT"

x5b;yh9kjaK'ytl9b95;yd;yj ]:'yh]whx6b'yhvb'yo5b;y05b;yrp5j9y.h-;y0;yh

];yj06b;yj 0;yhxwKr;5oytd:oyj-ib9yTs;yxKdyjxu (

xxty 9;ty95b;yd\b'yr doy $+

g-kh,wK9:'yr

9;yt95b;ydb\'yr doy $+ owt,oyrpK;yrc]h

]whczsG9yrxGoy]wK9:oyhglly.j?

uwfhauMj ,MbOMj[Of;cFefb

vFefbauMj ,MbOMj[Of;arM

How clever you are, don’t praise youselfHow expert you are, don’t boast

��⌫�� ⌫��

pGrf;ayrJh ukd,fawmfw,fvkd‹rajymeJ‹uírf;ayrJh udk,fwwfw,fokd‹rºuGm;eJ‹


INDEPENDENCE

ia7;vmwJhay;pmokd@

*G%f;ac:t,f'DwmcifAsm;

rqv Adkvfae0if;acwfu urBmukdvdrfnm+yD;[efjy rl;,pfaq;0g;zsufqD;jywJhta=umif; jynfoltrsm;odatmif ajymcsifaewm=umyg+yD? tckoef;a±$ppftkyfpkvJ 'Dwdkif;ygbJ?

usaemfhpm oifhavsmfovdk wnf;jzwf+yD; *G%f;ac:pmrsufESmay:xnfhjzpfatmif xnfhay;apcsifygw,f?

1985-86 {+yD 26 &ufae@uaygh? &efukef!¸ef=um;csuft& usKdif;wHkrSmrl;,pfaq;0g;rD;±_d@ zsufqD;yGJvkyfygw,f? rl;,pfaq;0g; trsm;tjym;±Sdw,fvkd@a=ujim+yD; tdrfeD;csif; a±$aygufaz:eJ@xdkif;/avm0fwdk@udkzdwfw,f? tay:,HrSmom bdef;xkyfawGjzef@zHk;+yD;atmufrSmawmh *sKHxkyfawGa&m zGJjymawGa&m pkHvkd@ygbJ? tJ'gawGudktaxmuftxm;eJ@wuG aemufydkif; rSod&w,f?

tJESpfxJrSmbJ rdk;&moD oHvGifjrpfw&dyf&dyfwufaecsdefrdk;[def;ppfqifa&;tqifh 5 trnfcH Adkvfr–;odef;[efacgif;aqmifwJhArmppfom;wtkyf oHvGifjrpfukdavSeJ@jzwful;+yD; o#rf;olykefawG&J@bdef;csufpuf±kH udkoGm;odrf;r,fqdkbJ? +yD;awmh bmqufvkyfvJodvm;? uGef[def;®r@e,f wmaumfhtkyfpk oHvGifjrpful;wHwm; teD; cGefqdkifqdkol&J@t&ufcsuf±kHudkoGm;odrf;w,f?vufeuf}uD;awGeJ@ypfw,f?

ydkif±Sifuawmh rsuf&nfeJ@rsufcGufayghAsm? *sKHt&ufcsufzdk@odrf;qnf;&rdwJh*sKHrkef@awGudk bdef;jzLqkd+yD;vkyfZgwfcif;w,f? "gwfyHk±kduf+yD; urBmudkvdrfw,f?

'DvkdvdrfnmwJhArmppfwyfudk urBmuaxmufyhHr,fh tpm;rzGH@®z;ao;wJh wdkif;&if;om;a'oawGudk OD;pm;ay;axmufyHh oifhygw,f? wdkif;&if;om;awG pmwwfaywwfjzpfvm&if/ uvdrfuuspfuswJh ppftkyfpkðywfrSmbJ? ppftkyfpkr±Sd&if bdef;jzLeJ@ rl;,pfaq;0g;awGvJ±SdrSm r[kwfbl;?

ppftpdk;&udkom qufvufaxmufyHhae&ifa':vmawGbJ±_H;r,f? bmrSxl;jcm;vmrSmr[kwfbl;/ wdkif;&if;om;awGvJxdkif;xJxGufajy;+rJ xGufajy;ckdv_Hae&rSmygbJ? rl;,pfaq;0g;tjrpfjywf±Sif;vif;csif&if wdkif;&if;om;awG trsKd;okOf;atmif 0g;®rcsifwJh Armppftkyfpkudk ®zcGJðzwfcsoifhygw,f? tJ'grS wdkif;jynf}uD; rl;,pfaq;0g;uif;pifrSmjzpfygw,f? jzpfEkdif&if usaemfhpmukd t*Fvdyfvdkbmomjyef+yD; urBmhEdkifiHawGudk OD;aqmifaewJh ukv±kH;qDudk ydk@ay;ygvdk@ arwWm&yfcHcsifygw,fcifAsm;?

aemufqHk;taeeJ@ aemifawmf}uD;ArmtrsKd;om;§trsKd;orD;xkudkajymcsifwmu udk,fhom;§udk,fha,musfm; §udk,fhzcifudk,fholi,fcsif; §udk,fhcspfol&nf;pm;§udk,fhnDtpfudk awG[mxdyfoD; ppftm%m±SifwpktwGuf taocHae&w,f? wdkif;&if;om;awG tay:rw&m;wJhppfqifr_xJ olwdk@yg0ifae&w,f qdkwmodoifhvSyg+yD? tdyf&muaeEkd;oifhyg+yD? trSefw&m;pdwf arG;oifh yg+yD?vltrsm;'kuQa&mufapr,fhtpm; tepfemcH+yD; ppftm%m±Siftkyfpkuae vrf;cGJcdkif;=uyg? c|wfòcHus iwfjywfaewJh trsm;jynfol&J@b0/ trsm;±GHrkef;cH ppfom;vkyfae&wJholawG&J@b0udkoem;+yD;jyefac:=uyg? Armppfwyf tiftm;wdk;csJ@+yD; wdkif;&if;om;e,fajrxJ Adkvfuspdk;rdk;aer,fqdk&if ArmawGajymwJh urBmra=ubl;a[h qdkwJhpum;vdk wdkif;&if;om;awGvJ vlawGygbJqdkwm owdcsyfcsifygw,f?

av;pm;pGmjzifhpdkif;cGefaq rd%f;wdkif;(o#rf;jynf)

tm%m&±Sda&;enf;vrf;um; cufcJvS.?odk@aomf - tm%mrS qif;ay;a&;rSm tqaygif;rsm;pGmydkcufcJ vGef;ownf;?

22 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&;wyfrawmf UWSA ®yuGJa&;ESifhawmifydkif; 0wyfzGJ@tm; etzppftpkd;&zJhxkwf&ef óud;pm;pnf;±kH;aea=umif; e,fpyfowif;&yfuGufu ajymygonf?

“ykHygusif AsL[mrª;a[mif; Adkvfrª;}uD;ausmfolu cufxefrma=umw,f? atmufwkdbm 5 &ufae@u topfa&mufvmwJhAsL[mrª; Akdvfrª;}uD;atmif0if;OD;u tbufbufudkt0if txGufvkyfwwfw,f? a&mufa&mufcsif;bJ qdkif&mjynfol@ppfeJ@ typf&yfwyfzGJ@awGudk oGm;awG@w,f” - [k rkdif;wkHa'ocHwOD; u ajym.?

OD;cGefqmOD;aqmifonfh MTA ac: rkefwdkif;wyfrawmf®yuGJ&jcif;rSm t"duta=umif;&if; 2 ck±Sda=umif; - (1) aemufaz;aygufjzpfonfh xdkif;e,fpyfbuf xdkif;tpdk;&ydwfvdkufjcif;/(2) wyfwGif;pnf;vHk;r_®yuGJjcif;a=umifh jzpfonf?

awmifydkif; 0 tm; zJhxkwf&ef etz óud;yrf;xkd@a=umifh 0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&; wyfrawmf®yuGJatmif

vnf; tqkdygta=umif;tcsufay:rlwnfa=umif; - “ trSwf 171ppfa'ojzpfwJh awmifydkif; 0 wyfzGJ@awGudkzJhxkwfEdkif&r,f/ aemufausm±kd;jzpfwJh w±kwfe,fpyfwav#mufw±kwf tpdk;&ydwfay;cdkif;Edkif&ifawmh 0 udk etztydkifpD;Edkifr,f? yxrajcvSrf;taeeJ@AsL[mrª;tajymif;tvJvkyfaew,f” - [k e,fpyfae ppfa&;tuJcwfwOD;u oHk;oyfygonf?

trnfraz:vdkonfh awmifydkif; 0 t&m±SdwOD;uvnf;rnfolrS ppfrjzpfcsifa=umif; o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ TuJhokd@ ajymjy.?

“vGefcJhwJh 10 ESpfausmfu XmecsKyfyefqef;uae awmifbufydkif;xdkif;e,fpyfukdveJ@csD ajcv#ifav#mufqif;vm&w,f?tckawmh tJuGef;um;eJ@ em&Dydkif;c&D;om oGm;vmEdkif+yD? b,folrSt&ifuvkd 'kuQawG &ifrqkdifcsifawmhbl;? tJ'Dtm;enf;csufudketzodvkd@ ydkrdkzdtm;ay;pnf;±kH;vmwmjzpfw,f” - [k ajymygonf?

udk;uef@ta&;tcif;umv 0 ESifhetz wif;rmr_ ypfcwfvkeD;eD;jzpfcJh&mrS ,cktcg xdkif; - jrefrme,fpyfwav#muf 0 um;rsm; etzwyfpcef;/ *dwfjzwfoef;oGm;vmv#if tppftaq;av#mhayghvmonfhtjyif oGm;vma&;vnf; vG,fulvma=umif;/xdk@tjyif 0 wyfapmifh *dwfwGifvnf;jzwfoef;c§cGef jyefvnfaumufcHae+yDjzpfa=umif; - 0 wyfzGJ@ESifh eD;pyfonfh todkif;t0dkif;u ajymygonf? Ô

'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;&JjrifhESifhawG@qHk+yD; e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;a&;udpP zdtm;ay;cH&r_tay: rdkif;vm;acgif;aqmifrsm;uatmufajctqifhwyfrª; wyfom;rsm;ESifhvlxktm; Edk0ifbm 5 &uftxd jyefvnf±Sif;vif;oabmxm;aumuf,lcJhonf[k o#rf;-xdkif;e,fpyfowif;&yfuGufuajymygonf?

“28 &ufae@ rdkif;vm;acgif;aqmiftzGJ@ usKdif;wHkoGm;+yD;AdkvfcsKyf&JjrifheJ@awG@qHkwJhtay: jynfolawGudk Ekd0ifbm 5 &ufujyefvnf±Sif;jyw,f? jynfoleJ@ - au'gwdk@&J@oabmxm;udk ar;jref;w,f?” - [k w±kwfe,fpyfoGm;avh±Sdol ukefonfwOD;u ajymonf

rdkif;vm;wyfzdtm;ay;cH&r_ wyfxkESifhvlxktwGif;±Sif;vif;etzppftkyfpkxH wifjyawmif;qdkrnfh t"duta=umif;

&if;rSm -e,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpf toGifajymif;&efrltm;jzifhvufcH

aomfvnf;1? etz ppft&m±Sd 30 yg0ifjcif; rðyvkyfao;&ef /2? rGrf;rH§ppfoifwef;tm;vnf; rdkif;vm;e,fajrtwGif;Yom ðyvkyf&ef/3? etzuef@owfxm;onfhtouf 50 ausmf rdkif;vm;t&m±Sdrsm; &mxl;rS &yfem;a&;udpP qkdif;iHhxm;&ef4? rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ xdef;csKyfe,fajrtm;vHk; e*dktwdkif;

EdkifiHa&;

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INDEPENDENCE

qufxm;&ef/5? ppftkyfpk.Xmeqkdif&mtkyfcsKyfa&;,E W&m;rsm;rdkif;vm; e,fajrtwGif;ykd@v$wfjcif;rðyao;&ef/6? rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@. ppfa&;/tkyfcsKyfa&;zGJ@pnf;ykHrsm;tm;

e*dktwdkif;qufxm;&ef - ponfwkd@jzpfonf?“Armppfwyfuef@owfcsKyfjc,fwJhtwdkif; tukefvdkuf

vkyfr,fqdk&if rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ eJ@ jynfol awGudk t±Sifvwfvwfajrjr‡KyfvdkufwmeJ@ twlwlbJ” - [k rdkif;vm;rS rsKd;cspf t&m±SdwOD;ua'gooHjzifhajyma=umif; trnfraz:vdkonfhtqdkygukefonfu ajymygonf?

“e,fcsif;qufpyf=uaewJh SSA ajrmufydkif;/ 0 eJ@ rdkif;vm;wdk@wpnf;wvHk;xJ woHxJawmif;qdkr_rvkyfEdkif&if/ aotwl±SifruGm bkHqHk;jzwfcsufrcsEdkif&if/ wzGJ@+yD; wzGJ@ udk;uef@vdk oGm;rSmbJ?0 wyfzGJ@twGuf ajrmufydkif; SSA u wHwdkif;jzpfaeovkd rkdif;vm;qdkvJ ol@&J@xGufouf0ifoufvdkbJ/ tJ'DESpfzGJ@ udk;uef@vdk xyfjzpf&ifawmh 0 wpfzGJ@xJawmifhcH aevdk@&rSmr[kwfbl;” - [k avhvmolwOD; u okH;oyfygonf? Ô

Ekd0ifbm 3 &ufae@ noef;acgifausmf rdkif;vm;®r@raps;}uD;rD;avmifr_jzpfyGm;cJh&m umvwefzdk; w±kwf,GrfaiG odef;csDqHk;±_H;a=umif; usKdif;wHkowif;&yfuGufuajymygonf?

“rD;avmifwm t0wftxnfwef;u qdkifcef; 7 cef; 8cef;avmufygoGm;w,f? reuf 3 em&DavmufrSm xavmifw,fqdkawmh vlawGtdyfarmuswJhcsdef/±_d@rD;bJjzpfzdk@rsm;ygw,f” [kaps;wef;teD;aexdkifolwOD;u ajymygonf?

rD;aoG;zdk/ *wfpfrD;zdk/ v#yfppfrD;zdk toHk;rsm;onfh pm;aomufwef;wGif pavmifjcif;r[kwfbJ/ TV / uufpufESifhrD;vHk;/ rD;acsmif;rsm;omtoHk;ðyonfh t0wftxnfwef;rS rD;avmif r_pwifjzpfyGm;onfrSm xl;jcm;a=umif; - xkd@twGuf ±_d@rD;omjzpfEdkifa=umif;trnfraz:vdkonfh ®r@cHwOD;u TuJhokd@ ajym.?

“rdkif;vm;rSmArmtvkyform; ta,muf 400-500=um;rSm±Sdr,f? tJ'DxJrSm ArmppfwyftwGuf olv#KdawG/ axmufvSrf;a&;awGygrSmbJ/ tckrD;avmifr_u olwdk@bJ ±_d@wmaerSmaygh?tvdkvdkae&if;eJ@ rD;ub,fvdkvkyf xavmifrvJ/ tJvdkrsKd;wcgrSrjzpfzl;bl;”

ueOD;urdkif;vm;®r@wGif ArmjynfrSoGm;a&muftvkyfvkyfol 700 - 800 =um;cef@±Sdonf? *|ef/ *sLvdkif uwnf;u rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ESifh Armppfwyf=um; wif;rmr_jzpfyGm;csdef ouFmruif;ol/ArmppfwyfqufoG,fowif;ay;ol[k ,lq&onfhusbef; tvkyf

rdkif;vm;òrd@aps;}uD; rD;avmif ,Grfodef;csDqHk;±_H;

orm;rsm;&mcsDzrf;qD;+yD; avGjrpfwmhyif;wHwm; (e,fjcm;) *dwfwGifoGefcscJhaomfvnf; 3-4 &ufae+yD;rkdif;vm;®r@okd@ jyef0ifoGm;a=umif; - tqdkygyk*~dKvfu ajymygonf?

xdk@twl typf&yftzGJ@rsm;tm; jynfwGif;rS apmifh=unfhavhvmolwOD;uvnf; - atmufwdkbm 28 &uf rdkif;vm;acgif;aqmifESifh 'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;&JjrifhusKdif;wHkYawG@qHkpOf e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;&ef AdkvfcsKyf&JjrifhrS wbufowfzdajymcJhaomfvnf;,ae@xufxd rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ emcHvkyfaqmifjcif;r±Sdaoma=umifha'owGif; r+idrfroufjzpfvmap&ef t±_yftaxG;jzpfvmap&efetzwkd@ tuGufcsvkyfaqmifcJhjcif;omjzpfEdkifa=umif; oHk;oyfygonf? Ô

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udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhvdkvm;“usaemfwdk@jzpfcsifwJh ar#mfrSef;csufu zuf'&,fjynf

axmifpk orRwEdkifiHxJu udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh& 'Drdku&ufwpfa'owpfckyg? jy\emudk +idrf;csrf;wJhenf;vr;feJ@omajz±Sif;Edkifygw,f?wyftiftm;oHk;bdk@rvdkygbl;?”

UWSA/UWSP acgif;aqmif}uD;wmhyef; (ac: ) ayguf,lcJsef

( 5§9§09 ae@u AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;"gwfyHkESifhAdkvfoef;a±$"gwfyHkwdk@udkaemufcHxm;Ia[mifaumiftajcpdkuf zSD;epfwDADG

tifwmAsL;ajzqdkpOfu ajym=um;csuf){&m0wD 7§9§09

24 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm; - “typf&yfcJhwmtaysmftyg;vdkufvkyfzdk@r[kwfbl; - EdkifiHa&;jy\emudkppfa&;enf;eJ@rajz±Sif;bJ EdkifiHa&;pm;yGJ0d kif;rSmaqG;aEG;Ekdifzd k@” - [kAdkvfrª;}uD;,Gufppfu ajymygonf?

trsKd;om;nDvmcH NC Y wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.wifjycsufukd ppftkyfpkacsmifxkd;xm;aoma=umifhwdkif;&if;om; wef;wltcGifhta&;twGuf qufvufawmif;qkd=ujcif;jzpfa=umif; o#rf;jynfjyefvnfxlaxmifa&;aumifpD RCSS

OuUX/ o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA awmifydkif;wyfzGJ@acgif;aqmifAdkvfrª;}uD; ,Gufppfu -

1? ppftkyfpku EkdifiHa&;jy\emudk EdkifiHa&;enf;vrf;jzifhrajz±Sif;bJ tcsdefqGJxm;jcif;/

2? trsKd;om;nDvmcHY typf&yfwkd@wifjycJhonfhta=umif;

typf&yf ESifh e,fjcm;apmifhwyf Adkvfrª;}uD;,GufppfoHk;oyft&m tcsufvufrsm;tm;vspfvsL±_I zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'YxnfhoGif;rxm;jcif; /

3? typf&yfwkd@tm; vufeufcs&efom twif;t=uyfzdtm;ay;vmjcif;/

4? vufeuftwif;t=uyfcscdkif;Ir&onhtqkH; e,fjcm;apmifhwyf§a'oumuG,fa&;wyf(jynfol@ppf)tjzpf

ajymif;ckdif;jcif; -[lI wqifh+yD;wqifh ajcvSrf;wdk; zdtm;ay;vmcJhonf[k ajymqkd.?

“olwdk@ typf&yfcJhwm q,fpkESpfcsD±Sd+yD? EdkifiHa&;jy\emudk EdkifiHa&;enf;eJ@rajz±Sif;Edkifbl;/ wzGJ@+yD;wzGJ@ vufeufðzwfcH&wmbJ±Sdw,f” - [k o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ ajymjy.?

0 wyfzGJ@tm; e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;&ef etzzdtm;ay;&m - “typf&yfvmwm tESpf 20 awmif±Sd+yD tajymif;tvJtwGufb,favmuftxdapmifh&rvJ” - [k ppftkyfpkr=umc%ajymqkdr_tay: 0wyfzGJ@uvnf; “typf&yfvmwm tESpf 20±Sd+yD/ usaemfwdk@awmif;xm;wJh[m bmwckrS r&bl;/ t'ga=umifhtESpf 100 txdvJ apmifhoifh&ifapmifh&rSmbJ” -[k tcsif;csif;ajymqdk=ua=umif; e,fpyftajcpkdufavhvmolwOD;u jyefvnfajymjy.?

xdk@twl ucsifvGwfvyfa&;wyfrawmf KIA uvnf; -etz wkd@ yifvHkpmcsKyftwdkif; jyefvnftaumiftxnf az:v#ife,fjcm;apmif hwyftoGifajymif;a&;rqd kxm;ESi f h vufeuft+yD;tydkifpGef@ckdif;vnf; pGef@Ekdifa=umif; - ucsif owif;Xme KNG

u a&;om;.? Ô

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toGiful;ajymif;a&;udpPjiif;qefonfh typf&yftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; - “rl;,pfaq;0g;udpP tuGufqif+yD; tjywfacsr_ef;zdk@ ArmhppfwyfrSmenf;AsL[m±Sd+yD;om;”- [k Adkvfrª;}uD;,Gufppfa&;om;onfh o#rf;bmomaqmif;yg;Y az: jyxm;ygonf?

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INDEPENDENCE

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Ekd0ifbmv 9 &ufae@u rkdif;vm;[email protected];a'owyfr[m 369 ukd rdkif;cwfAsL[mrª;uvnf;aumif;/erfhyef; a'owyfr[m 911 ukd rdkif;a,mif;AsL[mrª;uvnf;aumif;/ rdkif;vm;XmecsKyfukdrl usKdif;wHkppfwdkif;±kH; *sD0rf; Adkvfrª;}uD; oef;xGËfodef;udk,fwdkifoGm;Ivnf;aumif; e,fajrydkif;jcm;I vlolvufeufpm&if;awmif;cH cJhonf[kod&.?

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&duef/ Oa&myEkdifiHawGydwfqkd@xm;wJh ay:vpDukdta=umif; ðy+yD;a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ etzOuUX AkdvfcsKyfr–;}uD; oef;a±$wkd@awG@qkHaqG;aEG;Ekdif&if trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;qDOD;wnfoGm;EkdifwJh vrf;a=umif;tjzpfusaemfwkd@ óudqkdygw,f?”

wkdif;&if;om;eJ@ 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkawGtygt0ifEkdifiHwum yl;aygif;aqmif±Gufzkd@±Sdaeayr,fh ppftpkd;&u xifomjrifom±SdwJh ðyjyifajymif;vJa&;awG rvkyfbl;qkd&if ta&;,lydwfqkd@xm;wmawG ±kyfodrf;zkd@rjzpfEkdifbl;vkd@ ZkdrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&uf OuUX ylusifh±Sif;xefuajymygw,f?

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usKdif;wkHa[mfeef;òzdzsufcH&jcif; 18 ESpfajrmuf(vlrsKd;jcm;orkdif;tarGtESpf ajrjr‡Kyfypfonfh Akdvfoef;a±$ppftkyfpk. r[mvlrsKd;}uD;0g'D pDrHcsuf)

apmfbGm;p0fuGrfhua,muf tif;xvJefu 1903 YwnfaqmufcJhaom udef;wkefa[mfeef;onf ±Srf;a[mfeef;rsm; teuftcef@jim;xnf0gqkH;a[mfeef; wckjzpfonf? ±Srf;apmfbGm;rsm;tkyfcsKyf&me,fy,frsm;teuf udef;wkefjynfe,fonf t}uD;rm;qkH;a'owpfckjzpf+yD;oHvGifjrpfta±S@buf pwk&ef;rkdif wpfaomif;ESpfaxmif(12000)ausmftxdus,fjyef@onf? ausmufwkH;}uD;rsm;jzifhtdENd,ykHpHaqmufvkyfxm;aom udef;wkHa[mfeef; taqmuftOD;onfus,fajymvSaome,fy,fwpfckvkH;. tkyfcsKyfa&;XmejzpfcJhouJhokd@ apmfbGm; 3 quf. r[ma'0D 6 yg;/ om;orD; 19 OD;ESifhtwlaexkdifcJhaom pHtdrfawmfvnf;jzpfcJhonf? apmfbGm;p0fuGrfhua,muf. ajr;awmfol tdrfa±S@rif;om;p0fpkdif;vkHonf ±Srf;jynftpkd;&xH a[mfeef;rv$Jajymif;ay;rD 1959 txda[mfeef;. aemufqkH; ykdif±SifjzpfcJhonf?

1962 Akdvfae0if;OD;aqmifaom jrefrmppftpkd;& tm%modrf;aomtcg ppfwyfu p0fpkdif;vkHESifhtpfukdjzpfoltm; tjcm;±Srf;apmfbGm;rif;om;rsm;ESifhtwlzrf;qD;+yD; &efukeftif;pdefaxmifYajcmufESpfwm xdef;odrf;csKyfaESmifxm;cJhonf? ‚if;jyefv$wfvmaomtcg udef;wkefwGifaexkdifcGifhrðyawmhbJ rqvppfwyftm%mykdifrsm;u xkda[mfeef;tm;tpkd;&tkyfcsKyfa&;±kH;tjzpfajymif;vJtokH;ðycJh=uonf?

&efukefrSwkduf±kduftrdef@&±Sd+yD;onfaemuf 1991 Ekd0ifbm9 &ufae@wGif a[mfeef;udkpwif®zcszsufqD;cJhonf? a'ocH oHCmawmfrsm;ESifh®r@rd®r@zrsm;u arwWm&yfcHawmif;yef+yD;jynfolrsm;u

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a[mfeef;rS a=urGysufusaom ausmufwkH;rsm; udef;wkeftESH@vrf;rrsm;ay: jyef@usJoGm;cJhonf? ajcaxmufukd vl@cE<mukd,f. tESdrfhusqkH;tykdif;tjzpf ,lqowfrSwfaom ,Ofaus;r_t&orkdif;0iftxGËftxdyftaqmufttkHwpfck. tykdif;tprsm; tm;vltrsm;wufeif;&mae&matmuf xm;±Sdvkdufjcif; rSm o#rf;vlrsKd;rsm;wefzkd;xm;onfh orkdif;tarGtESpfukd r[m0g'D ArmemZD ppftkyfpku ajymifajymifwif;wif; apmfum;vkdufjcif;jzpfonf?

1994 wGif jrefrmh[kdw,fESifhc&D;oGm;vma&;0ef}uD;Xmeua[mfeef;ae&ma[mif;wGif usKdif;wkHa[mfw,f[k trnfwGifonfhacwfrSDa[mfw,fwck pwifwnfaqmufcJhonf?1996 wGif t+yD;oyfwnfaqmufcJh+yD;usyfaiG oef; 500 ukefuscJhonf? [kdw,ftwGif; wap>ajcmufonf[laom aumv[mvowif;rsm;a=umifh [kdw,fY wnf;ckdoluif;rJhavh±Sdonf?

o#rf;trsKd;orD;a&;&m qufoG,fv_yf±Sm;aqmif±Gufa&;toif;SWAN rS 2009 xkwfa0onfh

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INDEPENDENCE

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,ckESpfusif;ycJhaom o#rf;ESpfopful;yGJawmfrsm;teufrdkif;wHk®r@e,f yHkygusif®r@e,fcGJyGJawmfY y&dwfowfrsm;tm;o#rf;jynfordkif;ESifh o#rf;xHk;wrf;,Ofaus;r_qdkif&mya[Vd 25 ck xkwfar;cJhaoma=umifh trsKd;bmom,Ofaus;r_ aysmufuG,frSm pdk;onfhrsKd;cspfouf}uD;rdbrsm;0rf;ajrmufyDwdjzpf=ua=umif; yGJwufy&d

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28 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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aus;±Gmtkyfpkwck jynfol@ppfwyf&if;wpf&if; pDrHudef;taumiftxnfpwif&mwGif ®r@e,fwckY tenf;qHk; jynfol@ppfwyf&if;w&if;pwifzGJ@pnf;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif; etz t&m±SdESifheD;pyfonfh todkif;t0dkif;uqdkonf?

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p&z !¸efcsKyf AdkvfcsKyf&Jjrifhu rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@/ typf&yfajrmufydkif; SSA wkd@ESifhawG@pOf 0 wyfzGJ@ESifhywfoufjcif;rðy&ef -

“cifAsm;wdk@typf&yfwJhae@csif; vJrwlbl;/ e,fajrvJoD;jcm;pDbJ/ bmvdk@ 0 udk t"duxm;ae&wmvJ? olwdk@u emrnfysufawG/ olwdk@eJ@twltqpfrygcsifeJ@” - [ktay:pD;rS zdajymt=uyfudkifcJhao;a=umif; - qdk.?

yavmifacgif;aqmifwOD;u - “ArmjynfrSm vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@wdkif; rl;,pfeJ@uif;wmr[kwfbl;/ tzGJ@tpnf;}uD;av rl;,pfaq;0g;eJ@ydkygwfoufavbJ? usaemfwdk@EdkifiHrSm Armhwyfr awmfutiftm;t}uD;qHk;qdkawmholrsm;xufydkywfoufw,f” - [kajymzl; .?

o#rf;jynfrS xdyfwef;ukefonfwOD;uvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHrSmpD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;wdkif;/ tm%mykdifrsm;ESifhuif;onfh vkyfief;r±Sda=umif; -“tedrfhqHk;vkyfief;jzpfwJh jynfhwefqmvkyfief;awmifrSolwdk@eJ@ruif;bl;/ bmvkyfief;rqdk wdkuf±kdufjzpfap/ oG,f0dkuf jzpfapArmppftm%mykdifawGyg0ifygwfoufaewmbJ” - [k o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymzl;.?

o#rf;jynfrl;,pfaq;0g; apmif h=unfhavhvma&;tzGJ@acgif;aqmifOD;cGefpdkif;u “ rl;,pfaq;0g;eJ@b,favmufbJ ywfoufywfouf etzppftkyfpk&J@vufyg;ap/ vufukdif'kwftjzpfcH&ifrD;aow,f? rdkif;qwf®r@e,f - rdkif;wl;(rf;) tkyfpk ylem;udkvm;[ljynfol@ppfwyfzGJ@u rl;,pfaq;0g;xkwfvkyfaewmawmif cr&553eJ@ 554 u vkHðcHa&;,lapmifha±Smufay;aewmbJ” [k ajymqdkoHk;oyfjyygonf?Ô

pmrsufESm 24 rS


INDEPENDENCE

tar&duef vufaxmufEk difiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; rpPwmumhwfuJrfhbJvfu ±Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf SNLD

rS twGif;a&;r–;tzJG@0if pkdif;apmatmif/ &ckdiftrsKd;om; 'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf ANLD twGif;a&;r–; OD;at;omatmif/ rGeftrsKd;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf MNLD rS OuUÏEkdifxGef;odef;/ ZkdrD;trsKd;om;uGef*&ufygwD ZNLD OuUÏ ylusifh±Sif;xefpwJh wkdif;&if;om;ygwD8 zJG@wkd@eJ@ Ekd0ifbm 4 &ufae@vnfykdif;rSmawG@qkHcJhygw,f?

wkdif;&if;om;wzJG@pDrSmukd,fpm;vS,fwOD;om wufa&mufcGifh&+yD; 1 em&Dausmf=umawG@qkHcsdefrSm wkdif;&if;om;bufu okH;yGifhqkdifaqG;aEG;a&;jzpfajrmufa&;eJ@ 2008 zJG@pnf;ykHjyifqifa&;ukd t"duwifjyw,fvdk@ ±Srf;tzJG@csKyf/ &ckdiftzJG@csKyfeJ@ ZkdrD;uGef *&ufygwDwkd@u ajymygw,f?

“ SNLD taeeJ@ t"duwifjywmu 2008 tajccH Oya'uaetwnfðy+yD; qufvufusif;yoGm;r,fh2010 a±G;aumufyGJ[mt"duta&;}uD;wJhtcsufr[kwfbl;? wdkif;jynf wnf+idrfat;csrf;+yD; 'Drdkua&pDvGwfvyfcGifhawG tjynfht0&zdk@qdkwmwdkif;&if;om;awG&J@ oabmqENtppftrSefazmfxkwfcGifh&zdk@ vdktyfw,f?wdkif;&if;om;awG&J@oabmqENeJ@ a±G;aumufwif ajrmufxm;wJhv$wfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fawG/ EdkifiHa&;ygwDtzGJ@ tpnf;u wm0ef±Sdyk*~dKvfawGeJ@awG@qHkaqG;aEG;rSomwdkif;&if;om; vGwfvyfcGifhawG/w&m;r#wcGifhawG &±Sdr,fqdkwmudk t"duxm; wifjycJhygw,f”vkd@ SNLD ajymcGifh&yk*~Kdvf OD;pdkif;vdwfuajym ygw,f?

“tar&duefudk,fpm;vS,fawGeJ@ etzudk,fpm;vS,f teft,fvf'D/ wdkif;&if;om;udk,fpm;vS,fawGawG@&muwqifh etztm%mydkifawGtaeeJ@ teft,fv'D/ wdkif;&if;om;awG aqG;aEG;rS

uef tqifhjrifht&m±dSrsm;ESifh wk dif;&if;om;ygwD 8 zJG@ awG@qkHtusKd;±Sdr,f? a±G;aumufyGJeJ@ ywfoufvdk@ taemufEdkifiH wcsKd@u2010 a±G;aumufyGJ[m w&m;r#w&ifvufcHr,fh oabm ±Sdw,f?jynfwGif;EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGtaeeJ@ 2010 a±G; aumufyGJxuf2008zGJ@pnf;yHkudkjyifEdkifrS wdkif;jynftwGuf tusKd;±Sdr,fqdkwmudk aqG;aEG;ygw,f” vdk@ &ckdiftrsKd;om;'Drkd ua&pDtzJG@csKyfrS twGif;a&;r–;OD;at;omatmifu ajymygw,f?

“ 'DtcsdefrSm vdktyfwmawG rjynfh pHkao;bl;? jynfwGif;rSmvnf; jy\emaygif;pHk±Sdaeao;w,f? a±G;aumufyGJ Oya'qdkwmvJ usaemfwdk@rjrif&ao;bl;” vdk@ ZkdrD;uGef*&ufygwD OuUÏ ylusifh±Sif;xefu ajymygw,f?

tckawG@qkHr_[m wkdif;&if;om;awGbufu qENtrSefxkwfazmfajymjycGifh&wJhtwGuf wkd;wufr_wckvkd@ ±Srf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyfeJ@ ZkdrD;uGef*&ufygwDwkd@ ar#mfvifhxm; ayr,fhANLD uawmh vufawG@rSm okH;yGifhqkdifawG@qkHaqG;aEG;wmr±Sdao;wJhtwGuf wkd;wufr_tvm;tvm rjrif&ao;bl;vkd@ OD;at;omatmif u ajymygw,f?

“awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_tay: tajccH+yD;ajym&&if a±SŒtvm;tvm 'Dxuf ydkaumif;vmr,fvdk@ usaemfwdk@ar#mfvifh w,f?t&ifrpPwm*sifrf0ufbfwdk@/ rpPwm befuDrGef;/ rpPwm *rfbm&Dtp ±SdwJhyk*~dKvfawGvmwkef;uqdk&if wdkif;&if;om;awG 'DvdkpHkpHkaphaph rawG@&bl;? awG@w,fqdkwJh yk*~dKvfawGuvnf; r,fr,f&& wifjy cGifhr&bJawG@±HkawG@+yD; +yD;oGm;wm±Sdw,f”-vdk@OD;pdkif;vdwfuajymyg w,f?

“tckawG@cGifhay;w,f/ etzvnf;vufcHw,f/[dkbufuvnf;vm+yD; tcsuftvufawG pkaqmif;w,fqdkawmh enf;enf;awmh ar#mfvifhcsuf±Sdw,f? usaemfwdk@wifjywJh tcsuftvufawGtm;vHk;=unfh+yD;awmh aumif;r,fhtcsdef±Sdr,fvdk@awmh,lq=uw,f”- vdk@ylusifh±Sif;xefu ajymygw,f?

2008 zJG@pnf;ykHukd ppftpkd;&jyifqifay;r,fvkd@ ar#mfvifhovm;vkd@ rpPwmumhwfurfhbJvfu ar;cGef;xkwfcJh+yD; 2010 a±G;aumufyJGxuf2008 zJG@pnf;ykHuykdta&;}uD;vdk@ taotcsmavhvmokH;oyfzkd@vdka=umif; SNLD u ajymoGm;w,fvdk@ OD;pkdif;vdwfu ajymygw,f?

2008 zJG@pnf;ykHukd tar&dueftqihfjrifh udk,fpm;vS,far;cGef;xkwfwm[m bm&nf±G,fcsufeJ@ cGifhðyovJqdkwmeJ@ywfouf+yD; “t"du u tar&duefeJ@ qufqHa&;aumif;rGefzdk@/ pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@r_ ±kyfodrf;zdk@? tar&duefu 2010 a±G;aumufyGJudk vufcHr,fqdk&if urBmuyg vufcHvmEdkifr,fh tajctae±SdwJhtwGuftJh'gudk ar#mfvifh+yD; tckvdkawG@qHkaqG;aEG;cGifhay;w,fvdk@ jrifygw,f” - vkd@ OD;at;omatmifu ajymygw,f?

eef;crf;ua,muf (DVB 4.11.2009)

tar&duef vufaxmufEkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD;rpPwmumhwfuJrfhbJvf ESifh a':pk

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30 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; uGwfcdkif®r@e,f aumif;cg;aus;±GmtajcpdkufOD;rxkaemfacgif;aqmifonfh ucsifumuG,fa&;wyfzGJ@ac: KDA tm; aumif;cg;jynfol@ppftjzpf toGifajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;vdkufa=umif;od&onf?

2009 {+yD 28 &ufrSpI +idrf;csrf;a&;tzGJ@tm;vHk; toGifajymif;&eftqdkðyxm;cJh&m e,fpyfa'otzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u e,fjcm;apmifhwyfzGJ@/ twGif;ydkif;tzGJ@rsm;u jynfol@ppftjzpfzGJ@pnf;zdk@ etzwdk@zdtm;ay;cJh.?

KDA rSwyfzGJ@0iftiftm; 800 ausmf pm&if;wifxm;onfhteufrS tiftm; 400 ausmfcef@tm; aumif;cg; 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5[lI jynfol@ppf 5 zGJ@ zGJ@pnf;rnfjzpfa=umif; ‚if;tzGJ@ESifheD;pyfolrsm;xHrS od&onf?

wpfzGJ@v#if tiftm; 90 0ef;usifcef@±SdEdkif+yD; useftiftm;rsm; tjcm;trnfzGJ@Edkifa=umif; w±kwfe,fpyfppfa&;tuJcwfOD;atmifausmfaZmu ajymonf?

“pm&if;wifxm;wm 800 ±dSw,fvdk@od&w,f olwdk@ay;wm uawmh 3 csKd;1 csKd;yJay;w,f/ usefwJhtiftm;awGudkawmhwjcm;trnfawGeJ@xyfzGJ@Edkifw,f”

Edk0ifbm 14 &uf etz p&z }uD;tuJ 'k-AkdvfcsKyf}uD;&JjrifhESifh o#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA-N ESifh vm;±_d;Y qG;aEG;&mwGif‚if;tzGJ@ujynfol@ppfzGJ@pnf;&ef tiftm; 200 pm&if;wifcJhonf[kqdk.?

o#rf;jynftv,fydkif; erfhvef/ umvdESifh ajrmufydkif; a±$vDcsKdifh0Srf;a'o 3 ae&mwGif tiftm;tenf;i,fudkom jynfol@ppf

KDA jynfol@ppf 5 zGJ@ zGJ@rnf

zGJ@pnf;cGifhðyxm;onf[k od&onf?a±$vDcsKdifh0Srf;a'o[kac:aomrlq,f / erfhcrf; / =uLukwf

- yefqdkif; a'orsm;wGif rlvtiftm; 130 0ef;usif ±dSaomfvnf;tiftm; 30 cef@omzGJ@pnf;cGifhðycJha=umif; tuJcwfwdk@uqdkonf?

udk;uef@tzGJ@ ESifhucsif'Drdkua&pDopfwyfrawmf NDAK

wdk@onfe,fjcm;apmifhwyftjzpf toGifajymif;vJzGJ@pnf;cJh+yD;jzpfonf? [email protected],fjcm; apmifhwyfzGJ@pnf;yHkrsm;udkEd_if;,SOfavhvmygu wpfzGJ@ESifhwpfzGJ@tcGifhta&;wef;wljcif;r±dSa=umif; avhvmolrsm; uqdkonf?

NDAK tiftm; 400 0ef;usifom±dSaomfvnf; e,fjcm;apmifh wyf&if; 3 &if;txd zGJ@pnf; cGifh&cJh+yD; tiftm; 800 cef@±dSudk;uef@tzGJ@rSmrl wpf&if;omzGJ@cGifh&cJhonf?

KDA onf SSA-N pmv#if tiftm;enf;aomfvnf;jynfol@ppf 5 zGJ@txd zGJ@pnf;cGifh&aeonf? ucsif'Drdkua&pDopfwyfrawmfESifh NDAKESifh KDA wdk@onf etztvdkusausmaxmufaemufcHðyxm;cH&onfh txl;vkyfydkifcGifh& pD;yGm;a&;tzGJ@ tpnf;rsm;tjzpfavhvmolrsm;u ±_jrifxm;=uonf? Ô

ppfa&;

OD;rxkaemf

tem*wfw±kyf-jrefrmqufqHa&; &ifav;zG,f“etzqDu&aewJh *ufpfawG a&eHawG aemuf+yD; vkHòcHa&;t& Geopolitics t& &xm;wJh

ae&mawGukd =unfhr,fqkd&if ,leefe,fpyfrSmjzpfwJh[mu eJeJtemcH&r,f? w±kwfrsKd;EG,fpkawGemoGm;wmvJ emygapqkdwJhoabmrsKd;jyefxdef;csKyfwmawG±Sdw,f? tJvkdrsKd;zkH;zkH;zdzdeJ@ jyefxdef;wm±Sdw,f?”

“tiftm;}uD;EkdifiHawG&J@upm;uGufxJrSmbJ±Sdw,fvkd@ usaemfjrifygw,f? tar&duef eJ@w±kwf/ tmqD,HeJ@ w±kwf 'DvkdEkdifiH}uD;awGu olwkd@upm;uGuf b,fvkdqufvmrvJ/ b,fvkdvmrvJ? usaemfwdk@vJrodao;bl;? 'gayr,fh EkdifiH}uD;tcsif;csif;qkdawmh yGJ=urf;zkd@awmhr±SdEkdifbl;?u|JESpfaumif cyf&ifajrZmyifjzpf&w,fqkdwmvkdaygh? usaemfwkd@wkdif;jynfbJ ajrZmyifjzpfEkdifw,fAs?”

AdkvfrSL;}uD; cGefOuUm RFA 28/9/2009


INDEPENDENCE

0 ESifh etz qufqHa&;aemufuG,fY òydifwl ppfa&;xyfjyifqif

usm;pOf;vJ ESifh cJa&mhxf

Adkvfoef;a¶$ usm;pOf;vJukdcJa&mhxfrsm;jzifhrufvkH;ay;aomftqDtai:wnfhrnfavm´

udk;uef@ta&;tcif;+yD;oumv 0 ESifh etz awG@qHkaqG;aEG;jcif;r±Sd&mrS atmufwdkbmvrSpI jyefvnfqufqHr_ðyvmcJhaomfvnf; oabmwlnDr_r&=ubJESpfbuf ppftiftm;jznfhwif;r_ jyifqifr_rsm;vkyfvmonf[k rsufjrifrsm;u qdk.?

“19 &ufae@u ppfum;}uD;awG bl'kdZm§buf±kd;eJ@ ajrxdk;pufawGwif+yD; wmcsDvdwfuae ®r@taemufbuf awmifydkif; 0xdef;csKyfe,fajrbufwufoGm;w,f” - [k wmcsDvdwf vefrtdk;*dwfapmifhrsm;ESifheD;pyfonfh 0efxrf;wOD;u ajymygonf?

awmifydkif; 0 xdef;csKyfa'obufY etzwyf jyifqifr_ðyvkyfaeouJhodk@ Ekd0ifbm20 &ufuvnf; awmif}uD;rS uGef[def;- umvdbufjzwfoef;oGm;onfh ppfvufeufud&d,mypPnf;wifetz ppfum; 10 pD; xufrenf; oHvGifta±S@bufjcrf;okd@ul;cJha=umif; uGef[def; a'ocHrsufjrifwOD;u TuJhodk@ajym.?

“ppfum; 15 pD;avmuf ±Sdw,fAsmh/ bmtrdk;tumrS r±Sdbl;/ tav;tyifawGvdk@ ,lq&wJhaowWm}uD;awGtqifhqifhwifxm;wmawG@&w,f/ Armppfom;awGu ‘tm;vHk;vufeufcJ,rf;awGbJ’ vkd@awmif ºuGm;vHk;xkwfvkdufao;w,f”

Armhwyfrawmfu ppftiftm;jznfhwif;ouJhodk@ 0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&;wyfrawmf UWSA uvnf; yefqef;XmecsKyf.

ajrmufbuf/ taemufbuf ESifh awmifbuf 15-20 rdkiftuGm 3buf 3 wefwGif uwkwfusOf;rsm; cHwyfpcef;rsm; jyifqifwdk; csJ@jcif;/vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;jznf hwif;jcif;±S daea=umif;/ ppfa&;avhusifhr_rsm;ae@pOf&ufquf±Sdaea=umif; wef@,ef;a'ocHwOD;uvnf;ajymygonf?

“cGJr–; &if;r–;tqifh 0 wyft&m±SdtcsKd@qdk&if ArmwyfeJ@wdkufzdk@t+rJwrf;toifhbJ/ ypfcsifcwfcsifwm vufawmif,m; ae+yD/awmufwacgufacgufóuH;0g;ae=uw,f” a=umif;vnf;od&onf?

Edk0ifbm 14 &uf wef@,ef;®r@awG@qHkyGJY AdkvfcsKyf&Jjrifhu- touf 50 ausmf 0 t&m±Sdrsm; &mxl;rStem;,l&rnf[lonfhtcsuftay: touf 60 txd tav#mhay;cJha=umif;/ odk@aomfEdk0ifbm 22 aemufqHk;xm;I vlolvuf eufpm&if; ay;ydk@&rnfhtcsufukdrl UWSA bufrS wpHkw&mta=umif;jyefjcif;r±Sda=umif;typf&yfacgif;aqmifykdif;rS t&m±SdwpfOD;uajymjy.?

rnfodk@yifqdkap 'DZifbmvaemufqHk;xm;I e,fjcm;apmifhwyf BGF/ a'oumuG,f a&;wyf HGF tjzpft+yD;ajymif;&rnfjzpfa=umif; 0 wyfzGJ@tygt0iftypf&yftzGJ@tm; AdkvfcsKyf&Jjrifhu &mZoHay;xm;onf? Ô

32 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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“e,fjcm;apmifhwyfqdkwJhtrnfudkawmh rltm;jzifhvufcHw,f/ tJ'gusaemfwdk@bufu tav#mhay;vdkufwmbJ? olwdk@bufu tav#mhray;bJ wqifhwdk;t=uyfudkifvm&if ysm;tHkukd 'kwfeJ@xdk;csifvJprf;=unfhaygh”- [k óuH;0g;oHrsm; xGufay:aea=umif; rdkif;vm;wyfr–;wOD;. pum;udk udk;um;onfh qdkpfhu ajymygonf?

yefqef; 0 XmecsKyfY Edk0ifbm 18 - 21 &ufae@txd 4&uf=um usif;yonfh UWSA – NDAA xdyfoD;tpnf;ta0; okd@rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@rS 'kOuUX cGefqefvl/ OuUX pdkif;vif;.om;}uD;pdkif;vHk(ac: ) pdkif;xdefvif; ESifh ppfOD;pD;csKyf avmfqef;ayg0f;wdk@ wufa&muf=ua=umif; - od&.?

w±kwfe,fpyftiftm;}uD;wyfzGJ@rsm; etzudkpdefac: zsufqD;onfh tzsuftarSmifh t=urf;zuform; b0rSvm=uolrsm;jzpfonf? 4? ‚if;wkd@onf rl;,pfaq;0g;*dk%f;rsm;omjzpfonf? 2008 zGJ@pnf;yHktwnfðy+yD; csdefrSpItypf&yf+idrf;tzGJ@rsm; oufwrf;vHk;0 ukefqHk;+yD[k ajymqdk.?

“typf&yfawGqdk&if olwdk@rsufESmrajymeJ@olwdk@um;eHygwfawmifrjrifcsifbl;” - [k 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD; rif;atmifv_dif ajymonfudk=um;zl;ojzifh typf&yftodkif;t0dkif;wkd@a'goxGufcJh =uonf[kod&onf?

“aoewfoH nHaewJhe,fajrudk tdk;pnfoH AHkarmif;oHjzpfvmatmif usKyfwdk@pGrf;aqmifEdkifcJhw,f? ikd,dkoHawG=um; aysmf±Gif=unfEl;wJh oDcsif;oHysH@v$ifhvmatmif pGrf;aqmifEkdifcJhw,f? r+idrfroufjzpfaewJhe,fajrudk zGH@®z;wdk;wufwJhha'o jzpfvmatmifusKyfwkd@acgif;aqmifawG pGrf;aqmifEdkifcJhw,f? usL;ausmfa&;orm;vufatmufcH wdkif;jynfb0jyefoGm;zdk@ usKyfwdk@tjzpf rcHEdkifbl;?toufeJ@&if;+yD; umuG,frSmbJ” - [k rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@=um;ajymqdkae=ua=umif;vnf; od&.?

yefqef;jyef acgif;aqmifydkif;rsm;u wyfr[m (896/ 911/369) oHk;ckrS wyfr[mr–; wyf&if;r–; ESifh t&m±Sdrsm;tm; tpnf;ta0;ac:,l+yD; Edk0ifbm 23-24 &ufae@Y jyefvnfaqG;aEG;zvS,f&Jaq;wif cJh=ua=umif; od&onf? Ô

0 ESifh rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ 3 -4 &uf=umtpnf;ta0;Y rdrdwdk@ESpfzGJ@e,fajrudktxdrcH 0dkif;0ef;umuG,f=u&ef ydkrdkyl;aygif;aqmif±Gufjcif;jzifh ,cifuxuf aoG;pnf;nD!¸wfr_cdkifrma&;twGufoabmwl qHk;jzwfcJhonf[kqdk.?

“ArmppfwyfawG typf&yfe,fajrtwGif; e,fu|H0ifvm&ifawmh awG@=uao;wmaygh ” - [kvnf; wyfr–;tcsKd@ ajymqdkae=ua=umif;od&onf?

rdkif;vm; ESifh 0wyfzGJ@ t&m±Sd§wyfr–;rsm; etz wyftay: óuH;0g;=ujcif;onf wdkif;csKyf 'k-AdkvfcsKyf}uD;rif;atmifvd_ifajympum;udk acsyvdkaoma=umifhjzpfonf[k qdk.?

Edk0ifbm 7 &uf usKdif;wHka&mufpOf wkdif;csKyf 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;rif;atmifv_difu }wd*Hppfwdkif;±kH;Yajym=um;cJhonfrSm - 1? typf&yfrsm;onf cE<mudk,fom±Sd+yD;acgif;r±Sd? 2? w±kwfe,fpyftypf&yfrsm;vnf; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS ykefuefcGJxGufonfh opPmazgufrsm;jzpfonf? 3? TvufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;onf wdkif;jynfudk®zcGJ

NDAA-ESS rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ 'kOuUX cGefqefvl/ twGif;a&;rSL;OD;rif;tdrf/ twGif;a&;rSL; 2 OD;aEGOD; (tcg0wfpHk)

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(Kao Wao News)


INDEPENDENCE

Edk0ifbmvv,fu aqG;aEG;yGJrSm SSA taeeJ@ ppftkyfpktqkdðycsuftwkdif; jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;vkdufr,fqkd&if avmavmq,f crWD;axmifrSm axmif'%f 106 ESpf uscHae&wJh SSA

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aZmf0if;v_dif VOA 24/11/2009

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INDEPENDENCE

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36 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

L'Drdkua&pDta&;a±S;±_aomaumif;jrwfonfhaqmif±Gufr_jzpfa=umif;odk@aomfa±G;aumufyGJ&v'f taumiftxnf az:ray;jcif;onfordkif;trJpufjzpfaeyga=umif;”

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,ae@qdkv#if ppftkyfpku wurBmvHk;.vdkvm; awmif;qdkr_rsm;tay: rsufuG,fðyum ‚if;wdk@pdwfóuduf tm%m,lEdkif&ef2008 zGJ@pnf;yHk ukdtaumiftxnfazmfrnfh 'Drdkua&pDtrnfcHt&yfom;tpkd;& ta&òcH ppftkyfcsKyfa&; toufoGif; vkqJqJumvodk@ csOf;uyfae+yDjzpf.?

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awG@qHkaqG;aEG;a&;rludkqkyfudkifaom &ckdif'Drdkua&pD tzGJ@csKyfrS OD;at;omatmifu tar&dueftqifhjrifh oHudk,fpm;vS,f rsm;tm; -

“zGJ@pnf;yHkudkom rjyifbl;qdk&if a±G;aumufyGJ r0ifbl; //1990 a±G;aumufyGJudkqkyfudkif+yD;awmhyJ wdkif;&if;om;ygwDawGtaeeJ@'Drdkua&pD&±dSa&; / vl@tcGifha&;awGtwGuf qufvufóud;yrf;aqmif±GufoGm;rSmyg? zGJ@pnf;yHkudkrjyifbl;qdk&if vufeufudkifwdkif;&if;om;tzGJ@tpnf;awGuvnf; qufvufwdkufyGJ0if=uzdk@ oabmxm;±Sdygw,f” -[kajymqdkcJhonf//

jynfyoHwrefrsm;ESifhtwdkuftcH'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;awG@qHkcGif hay;jcif;rSm t=uyftwnf;=um;rS,m,DvGwfajrmuf&efetzu xGufayguftjzpf zefwD;jcif;omjzpfa=umif;avhvmolrsm;uajymonf?

'Drdkua&pDacgif;aqmif a':atmifqef;pk=unfESifh etzwdk@. ,Hk=unfr_wnfaqmufa&;umvrSmvnf; 'DyJ,if; t=urf;zufvkyf}uH wdkufcdkufr_a=umifhysufpD;cJh&.? a±$0ga&mifawmfvSefa&;t+yD; ppfaumifpD.qufqHa&;udk,fpm;vS,f OD;atmif=unfESifhaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;vnf; t&mrxifjzpfcJhonf//

acgif;rmolppftkyfpktzkd@ wdkif;&if;om;a'orsm;wGifxdk;ppfqifwdkufcdkufjcif;rsm;/ 'Drdkua&pDta&;v_yf±Sm;olrsm;tm;axmifoGif;tusOf;csaejcif;rsm;/ enf;rsKd;pHkvl@tcGifhta&;csKd;azgufr_ rsm;qufwdkufusL;vGefavav/ trsKd;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&; ar#mfrSef;csuftvSrf;a0;avav jzpfaetHk;rnfrSmaocsmonf?

,cktcg 2010 a±G;aumufyGJtay: tar&duefrStod trSwfðya&;twGuf Akdvfoef;a±$ppftkyfpk upm;uGufajymif;vmjcif;jzpf+yD;jrefrmjynfolrsm;. ar#mfvifhcsufoJxJa&oGefjzpf&efomtvm; tvmrsm;ayrnf?

pkpnf;aom bHk&yfwnfcsufwpfcktay: wdkif;&if;om;tm;vHk;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkrsm; ausmcsif;uyf&yfwnf=u&efta&;w}uD;aoG;pnf;=uzkd@rjzpfraevdktyfaeyga=umif;?

rkdif;armrS pkdif;=o 9.11.2009


INDEPENDENCE

EdkifiHa&;jy\ emeJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;tvm;tvm

2008 zJG@pnf;yHkt&wckwnf;aomwyfrawmfatmufudktypf&yfwyfzJG@awG0ifvm+yDqdk&if vuf¶Sd,m,D+idrf;csrf;a&;uaexm0&+idrf;csrf;a&; &vmawmhrSmjzpfw,fvdk@ ppftpdk;&uajymqdkvmygw,f? 'gayr,fhwckwnf;aomwyfrawmfjzpfzdk@ wdkufwGef;vmcsdefrSmawmh +idrf;tzJG@awGjiif;qefwJhtwGuf tpdk;&tzdk@xifwdkif;rjzpfcJhyg/ tiftm;oHk;+yD; wnfaqmufwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;[ma&¶Snf rwnfwHhbl;vdk@ w¶kwfjrefrm e,fpyf EdkifiHa&;avhvmolOD;atmifausmfaZmfuajymygw,f?

“wyfrawmftiftm;¶SdrS wdkif;jynftiftm;¶Sdr,f?wu,fawmhwyfrawmftiftm;¶Sdatmifvkyfwmu wjynfvHk;rSm¶SdwJhjynfoleJ@ vlrsdK;pkacgif;aqmif vlrsKd;pkvufeufudkiftzJG@tpnf;vlrsK d;pkawmfvSefa&;tzJG@tpnf;awGyg? wyftiftm;r sm ;r sm ;e J @ +i dr f ;c sr f ;a&;wnfaqmufz d k @ óu d ;pm;wm[m+idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufwmr[kwfbl;? wyftiftm;rsm;rsm;oHk;+yD;vl,uf"g;jr wdkufwmudk +idrf+idrfae=uvdk@ajymwm? wrsKd;om;vHk;txl;vdkvm;csufudkr&cJhbl;qdk&if/ 'Dae@ 'Dvlr¶Sd&if aemufae@aemufvlvkyfvdrhfr,f?'Dae@'DtzJG@tpnf;r¶Sd&ifaemufae@aemuftzJG@tpnf;vkyfvdrfhr,f? etzu vufeuftm;udk;eJ@vkyfaewmxm0&wnf+idrfat;csrf;wJh jynfaxmifpkr[kwfbl;?”

1962 tm%modrf;ppftpdk;&[m vufeufudkiftif tm;pkawGeJ@ aqG;aEG;r_t}udrf}udrfvkyfcJhayr,hf atmifjrifr_r&cJhygbl;?1980 rSm rqv tpdk;&eJ@ KIO wdk@ 10 }udrfausmf=um awG@qHkaqG;aEG;cJhygw,f? KIO OuUX b&rfqdkif;udk jynfe,faumifpD OuUX&mxl; eJ@ KIA wyfzJG@awGudkawmhvHkxdrf; wyftoGifajymif;vJzdk@zdtm;ay; cJhygw,f?

KIA taeeJ@tJ'DwHk;u vHkxdef;wyf toGifajymif;zdk@vufrcHcJhbl;vdk@ A[dkaumfrDwD0ifAdkvfr–;}uD;*sdrf;vkrf;a'gif0f uajymygw,f? “vHkxdrf;wyfwcgwnf;ajymif;vdkuf&if bmtmrcHcsuf¶SdrvJ? usaemfwdk@awmfvSefa&;vkyfvmwmu jynfolvlxktcGifhta&;&zdk@jzpfw,f/ tJ'D[mr&¶Sdcif tm;vHk;ajcpHkypf+yD; vHkxdef;wyfvkyfvkduf&if ppftpdk;&tkyfcsKyfr_vufatmuf ajcpHkypf0if vdkufjcif;jzpfw,f? jznf;jznf;csif;qdk&iftmrcHcsuf¶Sd+yD; jynfolvlxktwGufvJwif;wdrfr_¶Sdw,f? bmrqdkaqG;aEG;vdk@&wmbJ?”

OD;atmifausmfaZmvJ 'Drdkua&pDeJ@wef;wla&;udk tmrrcHEdkifoIxm0&+idrf;csrf;a&;jzpfvmrSmr[kwfbl;vdk@oHk;oyfygw,f?

“xm0&+idrf;csrf;a&;&w,fqdkwm trsKd;om;wdkif;wef;wl

zuf '&,fjynfaxmifpkjzpf&r,f? usaemfwdk@EdkifiH&J@t"du jy\emrSmvdktyfwJhtajymif;tvJu'Drdkua&pDudpPwifrubl;? trsKd;om;a&;udpPudk rajz¶Sif;Edkifbl;qdk&if b,fawmhrSxm0&+idrf;csrf;a&;r&Edkifbl;?”

ppftpdk;&[m typf&yfxm;wJh tESpf 20 twGif;tm;enf;wJhtzJG@awGudk vufeufjzKwfodrf;wmawG/ tiftm;}uD;wJhtzJG@awGudk wyfjzKwfòzdcJGwmawG/ trsKd;om;nDvmcHwufa&mufpOfuvJ +idrf;tzJG@awG&J@wifjyr_awGudk vpfvsL¶_wmawG±SdcJhw,fvdk@tuJcwfawGuajym=uygw,f? 2008 zJG@pnf;yHkuvnf; ppfwyfudk tajcðy+yD;a&;qJGxm;wmrdk@ 'DOya'twdkif;qufoGm;&if+idrf;csrf;a&;&rSmr[kwfbl;vdk@ rGefvl@tcGif hta&; 'g¶d kufwmEdkifuapmhrGefu ajymygw,f?

“tiftm;t"duxm;+yD; wnfaqmufwJh+idrf;csrf;a&;bJjzpfw,f? wyfrawmftiftm;toHk;ðy+yD; wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkiftiftm;pkudk zdtm;ay;w,f/ olwdk@a&;qJGxm;wJhzJG@pnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'uvJ tjcm;wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif tzJG@tpnf;awG&J@ tcef;udkxnhfrwGufbJ wyfrawmf&J@ tcef;u¾udkbJolwdk@xnhfwGufw,f?wzufapmif;eif;jzpfwJh wyfrawmf udkbJtm;ðy+yD;wnfaqmufwJh+idrf;csrf;a&;jzpfwJhtwGuf rckdif+rJEdkifbl;?2008 zJG@pnf;yHkeJ@2010 a¶G;aumufyJGuvJ wyfr awmfudkbJtajcðyxm;wJhtwGuf olwdk@wnfaqmufrJh EdkifiHawmfuvnf; +idrf;csrf;wJhEdkifiHawmf rjzpfEdkifbl;”

yËdyuQajz¶Sif;wJhae&mrSm ppfwyfoabmxm; csnf;r[kwfbJ tm;vHk;yg0ifrSom ppfrSefwJh+idrf;csrf;a&; &w,fvdk@ EdkifuapmhrGefuqufajymygw,f?

“+idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufwJhae&mrSm 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pktm;vHk;&J@ oabmwlnDcsuf&,l&rSmjzpfw,f? wdkif;&if;om; tiftm;pkawG &oifh&xdkufwJhtcGifhta&;vJay;EdkifrSom +idrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufEdkifrSmjzpfw,f? wyfrawmfwckwnf;¶Sd&r,f r¶Sd&bl;qdkwmusaemfrajymvdkbl;? wdkif;jynfpnf;vHk;nD!$wfbdk@qdkwmwdkif;&if;om;tcGifhta&;vnf; jynfhpHkw,f? 'Drdkua&pDtcGihfta&;vJjynhf0w,fqdk&if/wckwnf;aomwyfrawmfjzpfvmEdkifygw,f?”

'guawmh tiftm;oHk;+yD;wnfaqmufwJh +idrf;csrf;a&;[ma&¶SnfrwnfwHhbl;qdkwmeJ@ ppfrSefwJh+idrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufr,fqdk&if tm;vHk;yg0ifEdkifrJh EdkifiHa&;tcif;tusif; jzpfzdk@vdkw,fqdkwm axmufjyajymqdkoGm;=uwmjzpfygw,f? Ô

EdkifiHa&;jy\ emeJ@ +idrf;csrf;a&;tvm;tvm OD;ausmfxif (VOA - 20/09/09)

38 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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Ô 2010 a±G;aumufyGJonf 'Drkdua&pDa&; ESifh +idrf;csrf;a&;twGuf t+yD;owf qkH;jzwfcsufcsEkdifrnfr[kwf? Win - Win taetxm; jzpfap&efum; - -

ÕokH;yGifhqkdifawG@ qkHaqG;aEG;a&; rjzpfraevkyf&rnf?

Õetztkyfpk/ twkduftcHtiftm;pkESifh wkdif;&if;om;vufeufukdiftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tmvkH; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;

a&;ESifh 'Drkdua&pD&±Sda&;ukdbkHOD;wnfcsufxm;I tav#mhtwif;tay;t,lvkyf n‡dE_dif;=u&rnf?

Õa±G;aumufyGJonft"dur[kwf? awG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;onfomt"dujzpf.? tcsdefowfrSwfcsufonfjy\

emr[kwf/ ppfrSefaomawG@qkHaqG;aEG;a&;vrf;a=umif;rSefay:a&muf±Sd &efom y"geusonf?

ÕawG@qkHaqG;aEG;Ekdif&ef EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;tm;vHk; v$wfay;&rnf?

Õ2010 a±G;aumufyGJ yGifhvif;vGwfvyfonfjzpfap/ rvGwfvyfonfjzpfap 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHrSm jynfol@qENESifhtnD

a&;qGJxm;jcif;r[kwfojzifh jyefvnfjyifqif&rnf?

Ôwkdif;&if;om;rsm;. qEN vkH;0tav;rxm;bJ 2010a±G;aumufyGJ wzufowfusif;yqkdygu wkdif;&if;om;rsm;vkdvm;aom wef;wla&;ESifhukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh &±Sdrnfr[kwfaoma=umifhjynf wGif;a&;jy\emxyfjzpfOD;rnf? +idrf;csrf;r_r±Sdv#if 'Drkdua&pDzGH@®z;Ekdifrnfr[kwf? 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykHukd,fE_dufu wkdif;&if;om;rsm;.&ykdifcGifhtwGuf tmrcHcsufay;xm;jcif; vkH;0r±Sd?

Ô ppftkyfpktvkdus wzufowfa&;qGJcJhaom em;*pf tajccH Oya'ukd qef@usifojzifh etzonf SNLD acgif;aqmifrsm;tm;nDvmcHzsufqD;vkdr_jzifh zrf;qD;axmifcscJh.? SNLD . EkdifiHa&;OD;aqmifr_ukd axmufcHonfh typf&yf SSA-N em,u AkdvfcsKyfaqxJeftm;vnf;tvm;wl yk'frwyf zrf;qD;axmifcscJhonf?

Ôwkdif;&if;om;ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;r±Sdawmhaom anmifESpfyif nDvmcHukd typf&yf 17 zGJ@jzifh tpm;xkd; usm;uefcJhonf?

Ôtypf&yftzGJ@rsm; tb,fha=umifh nDvmcHwufcJh=uoenf;? EkdifiHa&;jy\emukd EkdifiHa&; enf;jzifh ajz±Sif;Ekdifrnf[k,kH=unf=uaoma=umifhjzpf.? typftcwf&yfpJa&; oabmwlnDcsuf

wdkif;&if;om;qEN etz rsufuG,fðy ,ckEk difiHa&;txHk;rSm - 1? ppfrwkdufa&;/ 2? a'ozGH@®z;a&;/ 3? aemifay:aygufvmrnfh 'Drkdua&pDtpkd;&ESifh EkdifiHa&;udpPaqG;aEG;a&;-ponfh E_wfuwdrsm; jzpfonf?

Ô anmifESpfyifY qENaz:xkwfcGifh vkH;0r&cJh=uaom typf&yftzGJ@rsm;onf jynfol@qENcH,l yGJaxmufcH&ef t=uyfukdif cH&jyef.? aemifwufvmrnfh tpkd;&ESifh EkdifiHa&;udpP aqG;aEG;tajz±SmEkdifrnf[k ar#mfvifhojzifh axmufcHcJh=ujyefonf?

Ô 2008 zGJ@pnf;ykH wzufowf twnfðyvkdufonfESifhetz onf 2009 arrSpI typf&yfrsm;tm; twif;t=uyf vufeufcsckdif;cJh.? aemufykdif; e,fjcm;apmifhwyf (okd@) jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;a&;twGuf enf;vrf;aygif;pkH zdtm;ay;cJhonf?

Ô SNLD rSwef;wla&;/ ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh&±Sda&;tay:tajccHaom jynfaxmifpkppfppfrl Federalism wifjycJhpOfu nDvmcHusif;ya&;aumfr±Sifu vufcHaqG;aEG;cGifhray;cJh?

Ô 2008 em;*pftajccHOya'onf NLD, SNLD ESifh tjcm;a±G;aumufyGJtEkdif& wkdif;&if;om;ygwDrsm;. qENoabmxm;rygojzifh wkdif;&if;om;jynfolwpf&yfvkH;. vkdtifqENukd ukd,fpm;ðyonf[k vkH;0rqkdEkdif?

Ô 'Drkdua&pD&±Sda&;ESifh wkdif;&if;om;ta&;um; xyfwlxyfr# t"duusojzifh ESpfckpvkH;ukd w®yifeufwnf; ajz±Sif;&ygrnf?

Ô 2010 a±G;aumufyGJum; Armjynf'Drkdua&pD&±Sda&; twGuf t+yD;owfqkH;jzwfcsuf jzpfEkdif rnfr[kwf?

jynfwGif;rS OL;%24§11§2009

ta±S@tm±S ESifh ypdzdwfa&;&m tar&duefvufaxmufEdkifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; Kurt Campbell xH 4§11§2009 &ufae@uay;tyfvdkufaom o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyfSNLD . pmudk aumufE_wfaz: jyjcif;jzpfonf?


INDEPENDENCE

ya'o&mZfacwftcgrsm;uqkdv#if =oZmcHwkdif;§EkdifiHi,fonf ppftiftm;awmifhwif;onfh {u&mZfrif;rsm;xH vufaqmifyÀmqufo=u&onf?

vufaqmifyÀm orD;unmrsm; ykHrSef qufoaerSom{u&mZfrif;rsm; trsufawmfrxm;yJ xD;eef;tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifhudk=unfjzLpGm ay;oem;xm;=uonf?

vufaqmifyÀmqufor_rsm; jzwfawmufykefuefta=umif;rjyef tquftqHrðyyJtmcHygu bkef;awmftvGefw&m}uD;jrwfonfh t±Sifrif;=wm;}uD; trsufawmf±SI usL;ausmfqkH;rxD;ypfonfh tpOftvmrsm;±dScJhonf?

xdktjzpfoepfrsm;um; vGefcJ honfhESpfaygif; &mESif hcs Davmufu ya'o&mZf EdkifiH}uD;i,frsm;t=um; qufqHa&; yHkpHjzpfonf?

,ae@acwfumvtzkd@ya'o&mZf{u&mZfumv r[kwfawmhojzifh xD;eef;tm%moufqkd;±Snfap&ef orD;unmESifhwHpdk;vufaqmifrsm;qufoI wpfyg;aomEdkifiH. =oZmcHwkdif;jynf rsm;±dSEdkifr±dSEdkifudpPrSm tjiif;yGm;zG,f&mjzpfonf?

Tae&mwGif wkdif;EkdifiH.pepftvkduf [email protected]±kdufrsm;xJrS jrifawG@avh±dSaom tðytrlESifhqufpyf Ed_if;,SOf=unfhEkdifonf?

wpfausmif;vHk;odxm;=uonfrSm armifrJu armifjzLudka=umuf±GH@ae&onf[k qdkygpdk@?

*E<mv&mZfwdkif;ESifh =uyfajy;*k d%f;.racsriHðyr_xdktcg armifrJu armifjzLudk trsm;xifovkd ra=umuf&

a=umif;odomap&efjyovkdojzifh armifjzLa±S@arSmuf tusDc|wfAvjywmrsKd; vkyfjyvdkufonf?

ArmppfAkdvfcsKyfrsm;. udk;uef@tay:usL;ausmfodrf;ykdufr_onf w±kwfwkd@tm; etztaejzifh armifrJuJhodk@jyKrlcJhonfh vkyf&yfvm; awG;awmE_dif;qrdonf?

tm%modrf;,lcJhcsdefrSpI ,ae@tcsdeftxd tiftm;}uD;w±kwfjynfESifh ArmppfAdkvfcsKyftkyfpkwdk@. tESpf 20 qufqHa&;rSmppftkyfpktzkd@w&m;tm;xkwft±kwftm;xm;onf[k wurBmvkH;u xifjrif,lqcJh=uonf?

wu,fwef;wGif trsm;,lqovdkr[kwfyJ w±kwfArmqufqHa&;Y ArmppfAdkvfcsKyfrsm; tompD;&aea=umif; tuJcwfwcsdK@u ,lqonf?

ArmppfAdkvfcsKyfwpfpku w&kwfjynf. tusdK;pD;yGm;ESifhvdktyfcsufrsm; tay:rufvHk;ay;qGJaqmiftjrwfxkwfI vSvSyytoHk;csonf[k ‚if;wdk@qdk=uonf?

w±kwfjynfodk@ oG,fwef;rnfh a&eHESifh*uf(pf)ydkufvdkif;udk=unfhv#ifyif w±kwftm;rnfodk@ toHk;cscJhonfudk odomap onf?

*uf(pf)wl;azmf 0,f,l&if;ESD;ðr‡yfESHr_wGif tdENd,u w±kwfxuf aps;ykdjr‡ifhay;cJhaomfvnf;ArmAdkvfcsKyfrsm;utdENd,udkra&mif;yJ w±kwfudka&mif;cJhjcif;rSm ta=umif;±Sd.?

wdkif;&if;om;vufeufudkif xdef;csKyfe,fajrrsm;twGif;jzwfoef;oG,f,lrnfhtqdkyg ydkufvdkif;udpPjzifh typf&yf+idrf;tzGJ@rsm;tay:zdtm;ay;tusyfukdifonfhenf;vrf;wpfcktjzpftoHk;csoGm;jcif;jzpfonf?

2 aumifau|;Iuif;,lrnfh usm;uGufa±$@enf;jzpfonf?w±kwfe,fpyf±dS ppfa&;avhvmol OD;atmifausmfaZmu acwf®yifESifhtifwmAsL;wGif *uf(pf) ydkufvdkif;2 vdkif;a=umifh w±kwfuvnfpif;ay;ae&onfhtjzpfrsdK; a&mufaea=umif;ajym=um;cJh onf?

ArmppfwyfESifh udk;uef@wyfzGJ@[email protected]ËdyuQwGifudk;uef@vufeufpuf±H kudpP w±kwfuowif;ay;vkduf+yD;aemufay:aygufvmaomtusKd;qufrSmpdwf0ifpm;p&mjzpfonf?

ukd;uef@vufeufpuf±k HrS xkwfvkyfaomaoewfrsm;±Sif;*sJef;tGD*g cGJxGufa&;orm;wkd@xH ckd;a&mif;csr_rsm;±Sda=umif;w±kyf'k0ef}uD;wpfOD;u etzukefoG,fa&;0ef}uD;tm; 2009 {+yDvtwGif;rE Wav;wGifwD;wkd;owif;ay;cJhonf? ukd;uef@acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; owday;[ef@wm;rnfhtpm; etzu xkdudpPukd

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40 Vol. 26, No. 261, 2009

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OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE

& Soros Foundations NetworkSupported by a grant from Foundation Open Society Institute (Zug)

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