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n.efeMjumefvdlufjwifj yBm;efg; 90 Oef;?

yMbwDbodlOfzdlufbvBjxkufb[yfU+if; yAefyMbwDb

yAefwmif;umef rdlOfjOef;xd 26_05_10 tvj

wuf;vBjwmifbteyBm;efg;vdlefanM@uwfU

r.ufjOef;xd 24-25}-OMjeB/

SNDP vlif;olef;wkrf efg;tqjOAif;

yMbwDbodlOfzdlufb SNDP wlifUedkifumefrldif;

nmef;=dif;ayUumefvdlufjwifj

0wKrvwKhx;yr s^;yx;yhxkj9ujl5b;yz5bdyj

wmifbtqjOAif;xFifj 180 auMU vFyfjaw

nrfb,myfb/ ZBmbedkifjwmif;edkifj wmif;uAif;wkif

auMj wB;erf? ulef;yMbwDb=OfodlOfuOfbauMj

ymifvlif vB.vFrf/ Oef;xd 07_06_10 ugMb

olef;wkrfwmif;rdlif;a,M/ rdlOfjymifvlif-vB.vFrf

eefU yMbwDbumefrldif;c.ifqkrf;odkuf;rmefj

xK'yx6b9yj]6,yrdb'yjcz xkj9ujl5b;yz5bdyj SNDP 9uho,yt-,yr ;oyrmb Q+2Q(2#Q@Q

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Shan Herald Agency for News 7

INDEPENDENCE

twbOef;xd 14 awMbxkdif 28_06_10

yMbwDbodlOfzdlufb ([dkOf) yMbwDbWD@r.ufUc'Fwf@

wduf@ qdlOfUcdlOf;wB; (SNDP) ugMb[Molef;wkrf

c.wfbz.wfj auMy.ifumeftqjOAif; rdlif;wB;

y.wf;qmef; ,OfhwlOfjugMb 6 tqjOAif; rdlefeifb

wlefjwD; ymifvlif ukef[dif; erfUqmif rldif;eBm;

rldif;yefb/ z.if;efg;=OfvdlefusL@vBm@eBU nmef;

odkyfbugMbc.wfbz.wfj tqjOAif;vBm;cMj au;oD;

rldif;udkif rldif;olj/ qdkifjwB;y.wf;+ifb twbc.wfb

z.wfjrM;qArfrdlOfj=Of vdlefusKef@ao cfgj,OfU

wlOfjuljtqjOAif;tqjw.efj? wDjOAif;ymifv.if;

auMjydkwfbvkrf;OBU/ y.wf;n.ufbclif; tqjOAif;

rdlif;yAif; uAif;wkifauMj ugMbolef;wkrfc.wfbz.wfj

auMy.ifumeftqjOAif;,OfU? awodkyfbugMby.wf;

rldif;zsmufj rdlif;,.if; rldif;omwfb rldif;wlef

wMjcDjvAuf;xFifj/wmif;vB.auMb rldif;,mif;vFif

auMj vlif;olef;wkrfc.wfbz.wfj,Ofh-OMjeB/

vFifbcmOfbvmwfjOMj- ]vBjidef;OMj efg;

tqjw.efjvmif;cdlOf;twU vkif;rlOf;usDb (rdlif;

yefb) nMb,k 70 yBm nOfykefjz.ef;olef;

wkrf/ ayM;c.wfbz.wfjauMy.ifumef tqjOAif;

uljtqjOAif;,Ofh qifbuB.jvlif;olef;wkrf [MoAif

ugmifjcgmif? edkifjtqjOAif; wDjrD;auMy.ifumef wDj

anbokwf; 7-8 auMU awMbxdkif 10 yBm ndif

edlOftqjOAif;,fgb_vAufU? rdlefeifby.wf;qmef;

rD;vBmvBmqkrf; tzuefugMb 1 qkrf; 10 auMUyBm?

idkef;w.if;uMjqfgUqBmbtwU iOfjikef;yMbwDb

odlOfzdlufbwMjukifjolifbrM;}- OMjeB/

vkufjqkrf;yMbwDbodlOfzdlufb auMUedkifj

vmwfjOMj- ]nefvlif;olef;wkrfc.wfbz.wfj

auMy.ifumeftqjOAif; c.ifyMbwDbodlOfzdlufbeBU

vBjy.ifbvFif;vlifjeMjOBUwDj qOfjeMjwDjqkrf;

odkuf;rmefjao qOfjeMjwDjrmefj rdlefeifb

wyfUZBmbq.yfbcmOfbcdkufUw.ef; SB cOf nrfb

,kifjnrfbuOf;oif? nrfbt[U[mrfjoif rmifwDj

wDj ,if;yBmqB.jxFrfu.efb? rmiftqjOAif;auMj

qB.j[yfUolifb? rmiftqjOAif; yBmofgbyeferfUref;

vlwfU? rmiftqjOAif;yBmvAifUcOfjyM; v.ifjeBU

yAefnefvmufbvBm;vDnmrf;OBU? wmifbyMbwDb

rM;olef;wkrfc.wfbz.wfj [mifjnrfbayM;vmufb

vBm;rdlefeB/ nefeBU cOfcfgjvBjcmOfb? cfgj=Uq.rf;

v.ifjwlifUedkif[Of;cdkwf;cdkwf;qrfqrf auMjyAef

vBj}- OMjeB/

uAOfbuyf;nefrD;cmOfbOMj- yMbwDbomifb

oDjodefjcAOf USDP cOf wAuf;qfgUnMbeMb

qOfjeMjwDjqkrf;odkuf;rmefjaougMb=pf;olef;

ulef;rldif;? wAuf;{julef;rldif;cOfjyMbwDb_efg;auM

y.ifumefcOfuljwDj ydlOfjwMbtcUcFifbayU umef

vdlufjwifjeefU zljcOfjyMbwDbodlOfzdlufb auMU

edkifjvmwfjOMj- ]yMbwDbusefUzkwfU USDP

eBU cOfawvBjqdkOfjoAifulpf;? rmufb=Ofqfgulef;

rldif;twU cOfnrfbvBj? yMbwDbodlOfzdlufb[Of;

twU awnmef;nOf{j vBjrmufb=Ofqfgulef;

rldif;}-OMjeB/ ¾

yMbwDbodlOfzdlufbxmifb[mifjc.wfbz.wfj

auMy.ifumeftqjOAif; efg;qdkifjwB;

wqp_usefUzkwfU [MoAif olef;wkrfrM;

qArfvfgauMj ulef;OmefjnrfbayM;cOfjqfg/ zdlOfb

SNDP olef;wkrfvmwfjtendwf;n.wf;auMj

ulef;rldif;cOfjqfgaorD;oAifwkrfUw.yfbrM;OMj-

xK'yx6b9yj]6,yrdb'yjcz xkj9ujl5b;yz5bdyj SNDP 9uh,5jc0h ;oyrmb @Q2Q(2#Q@Q

]ndlOfj C yMbwDbrmefjrM;olef;wkrfqdlOf;eefh

[Of;nrfb=UvlifC? u.yfjcOfnrfbvmwfjwlufb

cdlOf;v.ifj zMoMvdufjvBm;ZdifjtijqdlOfUcdlOf;

[Of;oif? nrfbrdlef SNDP }-OMjeB/

vkif;qBm;nBmjyOf; ,mrfjZmufbugmrf;_

wdkuf;olef;yDje.ifUqmOf;cdlOf;wB;OMj- ]eifb[dkOf

awqmifjqB.jxFrfyDje.ifUwB; tvjulef;rldif;

qdkifjwB; qdlOf;xlyf;wmif;,myfbzdkwfb? rD;wDj

vdefauMj ayM;wluf;udef;rM; {jqmifjnOf

wDjvdefugMburfUwDja,;idkef;ao ulj,dkrfidkef;

vBj? orfUnrfboAifjuMjr.ufb (cDj) ref;erf/

ydlOfjwMbyluf;y.ifyBm;,lbvD? yBm;ypMb? wlifbOlif;

ulef;? v.ifjawMUolifb? umefrmufjrD;? umefzkufb

o.rfjtvjuljv.ifjv.ifj {jcdkefj,fgbrfgbokif

yAif;ydlefjeefU cfgj{jurfUxFrfyMbwDb SNDP

wB;[Of;/ ayM;xdkifymifvdlufjwifjrM; yDje.ifUvB.

ynlOf; OMU nif;oM; vM;=b xek awMbxdkif

yDje.ifUwB;rdlif;cmif rldif;rmefj rldif;,mif;vFif

wif;oAifj cfgj{jyef[Fif;tvj w.wfjcFyf;umifqfg

yefyMbwDb SNDP ? u.yfjOMj ayM;z.if;wFef;

vBjerf qmifjc.wfbz.wfjvlify.ifqdkifjrdlif;wB;

vBjao[Awf;yefvBj}-OMjeB/ ¾

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8 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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ydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;qkdifjwB; ,kuf;,mifb

y.ufjurf; 2 (Shan State Constitution Sec-

ond Draft) nefvBmqmOf;cdlOf;efg;qdkifjwB;

vBjqfguef=rfjcAefbwFrfjrM; wifjtwb 2007

,OfUwlOfjrdlOfj 2009 eefU rdlOfjvAOfcyf;yAefb

n.ufbrM;vBjvBmzMoMrdlefeifb 1U ndif;uvAwfj

2U rmefj (=rfjyAefyyfhvAOf) 3U wB; 4U ynlOf;

5U vDUol; 6U u,mif; (yw.ifb) 7U tcb /

wdkufUokdyfbcyf;cdkifxFifjzMoM 8U cmif 9U yv.ifj/

|v.ifj[Awf;yM;vdufjtcbeefU u.yfjefg;qdkifjwB;

rD; ulOf;umifU? ZBmbedkifj qmOf;cdlOf;OMUauMj wdkufU

qfgUwdkOf;zMoMtcberf? zMoMOMU ,if;yBbayM;

tzjerfefg;wlifbOlif;OMU/E

cdlifjydlif (Characteristices) ydlifiOfj

ydkif;rldif;qdkifjwB; nefvBmZBmbvBmrlbvBmqkrf;

efg;qdkifjwB;=rfjuef cAefbwFrfjn.ufbrM;eBU

qdkifjwB;wuf;vBjyAef 1U v.uf;ydlifqdkifjrdlif;=rfj

wkrf? 2U v.uf;ydlifWD@r.ufUca'@oD@ nef

tznMbeMbyeftqjrldif;? 3U nMbeMbqduf;

q.rf (Sovereignty) vkufUwDj ulef;rldif;rM;?

4U ayM;yAefqdkifjrldif;=rfjwkrfvlifqdkefjqmifb

twU awcOfj=rfj? 5U uljqmOf;cdlOf; efg;qdkifj

wB; rD;v.ifjzAifbyAif;uef? 6U [yfU+if;okefbvBj

qmOf;qkrf;anb (Minority)? 7U [yfU+if;

okefbvBjulef; tvj okefbvBjemif;,dif;?

8U ,dyf;wdkOf;v.uf;ydlifvBmyMbwDb? 9U qfgUwdkOf;

v.uf;ydlifnrfbndifoMoeM/ u.yfjwuf;auMb

wifjyluf;y.ifqdkifjrldif;=rfjwkrfqdkefjqmifbtvj

vBjofgbyM;v.uf;ydlifWD@r.ufUca'@oD@ ydlOfjwMb

tqjrdlif;[if;zfgref;? eMjvdefz.if;irf;

zfgref; rD;nMbeMbz.if;irf;c.ifzfgref; - OMj

eB/

zljvAyfj[Aef;auMUedkifj xwf;omifOMj-

]ydlifiOfjydkif;rdlif;qdkifjwB;eBU yFufbydlifjuefwif;

ydlifiOfjydkif;rldif; 2008 c.ifqkrf;odkuf;rmefj

nefcAefbwFrfjrM;eyfU=Ofodyf;yD v.efUuFef

ref;yAef 1U qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfuFuf; 2U iOfj

ikef;,dyf;nMbeMbcAifj? 3U nMbeMbqduf;q.rf

rD;wDjodkuf;? 4U rmefj+ifUOMj rldif;=rfjwkrfauMj

cOfjqdkOfjyAefzuf;uldOfulpf;? u.yfjnrfbtz

nMbeMbyeftqjrldif;/

acMjoyf;vFif;wlOf,mifbacMjxd 9 /

rdlefeifb aw[yfUulef; cOfj[Awf;umefckef

edkifjauMUeBU u.yfjyAefqmOf;ykwfUxtvj[yfU?

u.yfjyAefc'd,efbtvjnrfb[yfU qdlOf;eBU

wuf;nrfbvBjyAef/ ayM;rD;erfhuwfhefg;eMjumef

qdkif eyfUxdkOfoMoeMoifauMjwuf;vBj[yfU/

xFifjydlifedkifj rdlOfjeBU yAefOef;vrfbv.ifj

oMoeMykwfUxeBao ndkwf;vkrf;? ayM;yAef

Oef;vrfbv.ifj wmif;oMoeMc'd,efborfU

nrfbndkwf;vkrf;yefeefU wuf;nrfbvBjrD;-

OMjeB/

ulpf;uMj ydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;,kuf;,mifby.ufj

urf; 2 nefndifedlOfumifqfg zljrD;ydkefU=U

yBm;[ef ZBmbrBmrDjao cAefbwFrfjefg; ]uef 3}

rD;OBUOMj-vD+ifUqdkOfj tqjrldif;yAef qdkOfjerfU

vdef[defzM (yxODb)? ,Mb+ifUq.rf;qdkOfjqdlOfU

cdlOf;? ayM;+ifUqdkOfjq.rf;qdlOfUcdlOf;qdkif [dkifrM;

qmifjrD;yef[M? u.yfjOMjrdlif;vfgauMj nrfbrD;

qdlOfUcdlOf;vAOf/ |wlOf,mifb rdlefeifbtqjOAif;

=Ofylif;_oDboFifb ,Mb{jvBj+ifU- tqjrdlif;

ynlOf;? {j+ifU-tqjrldif;=Ofylif;_oDboFifb

nrfbeef+ifUwmifbqdkOfjauMjvBj/E uAOfbuyf;

v.ifjeBU umifqfgulef;urfjerfnrfb[efvD? u.yfj

ydlifiOfjydkif;rldif;qdkifjwB; (,kuf;,mifb) y.ufjurf; 2

vBmzMoMn.ufbrM;,OfU

l6bxyjokhS16

Shan Herald Agency for News 9

INDEPENDENCE

yv.ifj OMU cOforfhcOfjyM;OBUefg; NDF, DAB,

NCUB ? ndifedlOfWD@r.ufUca'@oD@tvj cOf

vBjwluf;vlif;uef nmef;cOfjyM;efg;qdkifjrdlif;

=rfjwkrfrfgb nefyM;tqjrldif;rmefj/ oifOMj

c.if@u'Fwf@qdkifjwB; nrfbofgbyM;acMj 6 qdkif

1U wMbcOfawcOfjyM;q.rf;wB;rD;yef[M? tuj

yef[Mnrfb,OfUnrfbOBm;/ 2U v.ifjz.rfU=rfj

wmif;e.ufj? u.yfjOMjvkrfjZMU[yfh+if;OBhrldif;rmefj

yAefvkufjqkrf;efg; UN ? rD;acMjvBjqfguefOBU

OMj aw,.rf;[yfUOBUv.ifjyAefyuf;edkifjqdkifjvAOf

uef c.ifeMjvdefrldif;zfgrdlif;ref;? ,.efUeef

ayM;OMj y.wf;w.efjedkifj cfgjzmwfbn.ufbqdkif

2U1 vlify.ifqdkifj rD;okefbvBjuFwfbtct[Uuifj

,Mbayzmwfbn.ufb/ 2U2 rdlOfjuFwfbtct[Uuifj

,Mb{jvBjzmwfbn.ufbeefU ayM;nrfbayUwlOf

qdkif ,.ef;wmif;qB.jxFrfwmif;e.ufjvBj-OMjeB/

(acMjeBUrFefjnrfbrFefj wdkufUvAyfj[Aef;xwf;

omif) v.ifjqkdifjwB;awcOfjyM;efg; qdkifjrdlif;

=rfjwkrfvlif nefyM;tqjrldif;rmefj Burma

State nefcAefbwFrfjOBU efg;ydlifiOfjydkif;rdlif;

qdkifjwB; ,kuf;,mifbeefU nkyfbnlOf;vBjqfg

uefOMj- c.if@u'Fwf@qdkifjwB; (qlOfjcmOf;)

aw[Awf;ymifukrfvlifvBmrlbvBmqkrf; z.if;[mifyD

2010 ao=rfjuefwFyf;wwf;/

wkrfauMqdkifjwB; ([dkOf) c.if@u'Fwf@

qdkifjwB; SSC auMbwifjrdlOfj ymifukrfvlif 3

Oef; 21-23_12_08 nefvBmvBmqkrf;cOfj

=rfjrdlefeifb- qkrf;uyf;omefwB; (TCC)

rD;qOfjydlifbZMU? qOfjydkefcrf;? emif;oFife.ifU/

c.if@oD@nOfcdkef;qdkifjwB; (RCSS) qOfj

,.wfjodkuf; n.ef=OfzljrD;qefU 20-30

auMU/ rkufUqkrf;ylwf;yB.bqdlOfUqmwfj ynlOf;

(PNLO) ckefwlb'Aifb? ckefoB.;xlOfb/ rlbqkrf;

qdlOfUqmwfjOMU (WNO) wMUnBmjpkefU? wMU

vMUxlpf;? =rfjwkrfWD@r.ufUc'FwfhwdufhvM;=b

(LDU) uszlOf;vlifb/ yMbwDbyluf;y.ifqdlOfU

qmwfjvM;=b (LND) usul;-qdlOf;eBU/ ¾

Oef;xd 25_06_10 wkrfauMqdkifjwB;

([dkOf) c.if@u'Fwf@qdkifjwB; (qlOfjcmOf;) Shan

State Congress (Provisional) nefvkufj

qkrf;rD;qmOf;cdlOf;OMU vM;=b ynlOf; wB; +ifU

ymifukrfauMurfumef EC wDjvFefvdefwDjedkifj?

uAOfbuyf;ydlifc.wfbz.wfj,kuf;,mifbc.ifc.if@u'Fwf@

qdkifjwB; nefcAefbwFrfjrM;rD; 7 uef? 29

rwfUwM/ =OfyOfj uszlOf;vlif =rfjwkrfWD@r.ufU

tvj okefbvBjwFyf;wwf;[if;acM 3U v.ifj

z.rfU=rfjumefrldif;ndufbumefodkuf; uljqmOf;cdlOf;

4U ylwf;ymufjyFwfjvBj v.uf;ydlifqOfjnMbeMb

odkuf; 5U v.ifjuwf;,AefqdkifjwB;tvj v.ifj

cdkefj,fgbrfgbokif qdkifjwB;? 6U q.ifbawcOfjyM;

qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfvlif nefyM;tqjrldif;rmefj/

vuf;umef (uef 2) vBjqfgwluf;vlif;

ydlOfjwMb 1U teerfUtewlOf vdufj=rfjrBm

ymifvlif 2U qkrf;edkifjtvjqkrf;edkifj cdlOf;edkifj

tvjcdlOf;edkifj {jvBjydefbyBbeyfUxdkOfuef? [yfU

+if;uef? qfgUv.uf;ydlifvBmyMbwDb 3U z.rfU=rfj

uefedlOfydkefUxmefv.ifjzAifbyAif;uef? rD;yef[M

oifauMjnOfvBm;uwf;,Aeftujvdwfj? 4U nOf

v.uf;ydlif=rfjwkrf (Federal system) yluf;wifj

qdkifjwB;?(nrfbnOfvBm;qdkifjrdlif;vAOf)? 5U ylwf;

,MUv.uf;ydlifqOfjnMbeMbodkuf; 6U awcOfjyM;

efg;qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfvlif nefyM;tqjrldif;

rmefj Burma State -qdlOf;eBU/

ydlifc.wfbz.wfj_,lifUomifj tvj yuf;ydlif

wdkOf;urf nrfbayM;vBjnkyfbueferf? [efOMj

cFrfUvFyfj,lb? tr;auMjnrfbayM;,myfb/ ulpf;

uMj acMjxd 6 efg; nAef;nmef;tvjvuf;umef

wif; 2 wDjeBU ,lbwDj vkufjqkrf;cOfj=rfj

ymifukrfurfjz.ifj[efxdkifOMj-yAefv.ifjrldOf;eMj?

orfUyAefc.ife.ufjrdlif;wB;-eBao w.ifjxmrf

wkuf;,.ef;OMj- ]acMjxd 6 wif; 2 wDj

(q.ifb_awcOfjyM;efg; qdkifjrdlif;=rfjwkrfvlif

nefyM;tqjrldif;rmefj) nrfbrD;nrfbvBj[MU/

u.yfjydlOfj 1U aw=rfjuefwif;rmefj nrfb=rfj

rmefj yAefv.ifjrdlOf;eMj 2U yAefvdlifje.ufjrdlif;

wB;? [Of;wuf;vBjnkyfbv.ifj wMbefg;qdkifjwB;

ulpf;}-OMjeB/

uAOfbuyf;v.ifjeBh ckefnlufUuMb oyf;vFif;

teOMj- v.ifjvDvBjofgbyM;acMjxd 6 yldOfjwMb

umefz.rfU=rfjrD; 2 ydlif- z.rfU=rfjwmif;efg;

tvjz.rfU =rfjwmif;e.ufj/ 1U v.ifjz.rfU=rfj

efg;qdkifjwB; rdlefeifb qmOf;cdlOf; vM;=b ynlOf;

ymifukrfc.if@u'Fwf@qdkifjwB; (qlOfjcmOf;)

nkyfbv.ifjydlifc.wfbz.wfj

c'Fwf@wduf@ vM;=b LDU ? zljerf;efg;

qOfj[mefvmOfoFif c.if@oD@nOfcdkef;qdkifjwB;

RCSS ? wMUnBmjpkefU rkufUqkrf;qdlOfUqmwfj

OMU WNO ? ckefnlufUuMb rkufUqkrf;ylwf;yB.b

qdlOfUqmwfjynlOf; PNLO (cOfj=rfjymifukrf

wDjudlOf;ukrfZBmbrBmrDj)? qOfjydkefcrf; auMuyf;

omefwB; (TCC) qdlOf;eBU wif;rlwf; 9 auMU

cOfj=rfj/

ymifukrfnkyfbnlOf; wluf;vlif;uef 3

w.efj- (1) nAef;nmef; tvj vuf;umef

(2) ydlifc.wfbz.wfj_,lifUomifj (3) yuf;ydlif

wdkOf;urf/ nAef;nmef; (uef 1) c.ifuljZBmbZBmb

|yM;qArfc.if@oD@nOfcdkef;qdkifjwB; RCSS E

vBjqfguefOMj- ydlOfjwMb 1U okefbvBjulef;

tvjWD@r.ufUca'@oD@ 2U v.ifjzAifbyAif;uef

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10 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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umefokduf;

Oef;xd 04_06_10 qBm;\lOf@Vldwf@

acvf@vD@ auMU,mrfjyAefzljxwf;x.ifqefh

okif uAOfbv.ifj[Awf; rmufbedOf@cvD@,ldOf@

(Nuclear) c.ifqmwfjqkdifj vkrfjZMU UN

ykdwfbtezkdefvdufj[Bm;imef; nefndifnmifj

nOfacMjrkef;vuf;xmefvdufjwFrfjrBm ndufb

[mifjxBmbeyfU[lOfymufbcFyf;wDj qOfj[mef qBm;

wAif;Odef; zljrD;qefhokduf;rmefj nefyBmjugMb

qkrf;okduf;rmefjvufUckdif[Awf;rmufbedOf@cvD@,ldOf@

wif;rmufbvlif,kdOf;uB

,lbe.ufjrldif;ao rM;wFrfjqdteOMj - vlify.if

qkdifjokduf;rmefj wkdufhvufhcwf;qgfckdif[Awf;rmufb

edOf@cvD@,ldOf@ rmufbrD;[Fif;wldOfU,.efjvk,gfb

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iBmj? awvBjqgfUcmOf;,mrf;xFifj[kdif? u.yfjvBm;

[Awf;ref; rD;vBmcufhvBmw.efj-OMjeB/

(Washington Post)

0;yhsKoyS 0wKr9G'yr;boyr ➧

➧

Shan Herald Agency for News 11

INDEPENDENCE

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OMUnrfbw.yfbwkuf;,.ef;oif

v.ifjrmefj=yfUnkyfbwDjymifomif;

12 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

L

Oef;xd 23_06_10 ,mrf;OBm;Oef;

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Foreign Policy -:'ys<'yhdKoyz:'yr]5'yawKj

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-:'yHd5;yH/ vuHioyH/ vxyjadoyHob9ytl

9oyH/ d;yr]uo5b;y 05b;yrowt?

DVB (22.6.2010)

Shan Herald Agency for News 13

INDEPENDENCE

rdlOfjOef;xd 22_06_10 ,mrf;umifefg

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14 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

L

Oef;xd 26_06_2010 yAefOef;omef

cwf;,MjrOf;urfuljqdkifjrdlif; (InternationalDay Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Traf-

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16 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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18 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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Shan Herald Agency for News 19

INDEPENDENCE

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20 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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d.K,yrl:oy,5b'yrx5boyh

The sage is kind to the kind;He is also kind to the unkind;For virtue is kind.He is faithful to the faithful;He is also faithful to the unfaithful;For virtue is faithful.

Tao Te Ching, Chapter 49, Lao Tzu, 6 th century BC philosopher

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Shan Herald Agency for News 21

INDEPENDENCE

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22 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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Shan Herald Agency for News 23

INDEPENDENCE

0 ESifh rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@tm; rsufajcrjywfapmifh=unfh&efppfwdkif;csKyf 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD; rif;atmifv_difu e,fjcm;®r@ a'ocHwyf&if; t&m±Sdrsm;tm;!¸ef=um;cJha=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf?

“*|ef 22 u AdkvfcsKyfrif;atmifv_dif av,mOfeJ@vm+yD; usKdif;wkHrSmntdyfw,f/ aemufae@reufrdkif;,ef; bufc&D;quf+yD; a'ocHppfwyfawGudk 2 em&D=umoGm;a&muftm;ay;w,fvdk@od&w,f”- [k }wd*Hppfwdkif;±kH;ESifheD;pyfonfhusKdif;wHkom;uajymonf?

o#rf;jynfESifhu&ifeDjynf ppfwdkif; 3 wdkif;csKyf 'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;rif;atmifv_dif/ usKdif;wHktajcpdkuf }wd*Hwdkif; wdkif;rª;AdkvfcsKyfausmf®z;wdk@ *|ef 23&ufurdkif;,ef;®r@ etzt&m±Sd/ ppfonfrsm;tm;awG@qHk+yD; pcef;wdk;csJ@jyifqifrGrf;rHr_wkd@ukd ppfaq;um 0 ESifh rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@wkd@. v_yf±Sm;oGm;vmr_tajctaeukdrsufajcrjywf apmifh=unfhowif;axmufvSrf;&ef !¸ef=um;cJhao;onf[k qdk.?

“aemufwcku 2010 a±G;aumufyGJumvtxd vkHòcHa&;t"duxm;&r,f/ ppftiftm; toifhjyifqifxm;&r,fqdkwmawGajymoGm;w,f” - [k rdkif;,ef;tajcpdkuf etzppfwyfESifh eD;pyfonfh

0 ESifh rdkif;vm;wdk@tm; rsufajcrjywfzdk@ ppfwd ki f ;csKy f! ¸ef=um;todkif;t0dkif;u ajymygonf?

rdkif;,ef;®r@wyf&if;rsm;tm; ppfwkdif;csKyfESifhtzGJ@vSnfhvnfppfaq;+yD; xkdae@naeykdif;yif usKdif;wHkodk@ jyefoGm;onf[kvnf;

rdkif;,ef;®r@cHrsm;u ajymygonf?rdkif;,ef;®r@Y etzppfwyf cv& 279 ESifh

cv& 281 wyf&if;ESpf&if;tjyif vufeuf}uD; 81rr 2 vuf±Sdonf[kvnf; ppfwyftodkif;t0dkif;u ajymygonf?

rdkif;,ef;®r@onf usKdif;wHkta±S@ajrmufbuf102 uDvdkrD wm (63 rdkif) tuGmwGif±Sd+yD; ®r@wGif;rSvGJI ®r@jyifwckvHk; 0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&;wyfrawmf UWSA ESihf NDAA rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@wdk@uae&mtoD;oD;xdef;csKyfxm;.? taemufajrmufbufwGif 0 wyfr[m 468 XmecsKyf rdkif;ayguf®r@/ta±S@awmifbufwGif rdkif;vm;wyfzGJ@ NDAA .wyfr[m 896 XmecsKyfqDvl;a'owkd@ wnf±Sd

onf?o#rf;oHawmfqifh 25 June 2010

jrefrmppfwyftvdkus jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;a&; vufcHxm;aom OuUX OD;vG,farm0f;OD;aqmifonfh ,cifo#rf;jynfwyfrawmf SSA wyfzGJ@0iftcsKd@ xGufajy;aeqJjzpfa=umif; od&onf?

{+yD 22 &uf OuUX OD;vG,farm0f; OD;aqmifonfh SSA

wyfzGJ@0iftcsKd@ oDayg®r@e,f rdkif;ac;Xmaejynfol@ppfzGJ@ pnf;&ef&rcppfwdkif;±kH;xHay;xm;onfh pm&if;xJrSwyfzGJ@0if 20 OD;cef@*|efvtwGif; xyfrHxGufajy;cJha=umif; SSA todkif;t0dkif;xHrS od&onf?

xGufajy;oGm;olrsm;xJrStiftm; 40 cef@rSm jrefrmppfwyftm; vufeufudkifwkdufckdufaeqJjzpfaom xdkif;e,fpyftajcpdkufp0f,Gufppf OD;aqmifonfh o#rf;jynfwyfrawmfxH yl;aygif;cJhonf[k

eD;pyfolrsm;u qdkonf?tiftm;tawmifhwif;qkH; wyfr[m 1 rSv$JI typf&yf

SSA pdefausmhXmecsKyfESifh wyfr[m 3/ 7 wkd@u jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;a&;vufcHxm;aomfvnf; vuf±SdtajctaewGifydkae+rJusm;ae+rJ±dSa=umif; o#rf;wyfr–;todkif;t0dkif;u ajymonf?

“jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;a&;udk vufcHxm;ayrJh 'Dtwdkif;quf±dSaewkef;ygyJ? vuf±dS wyfr[mawGvnf; yHkrSeftwdkif;tm;vHk;tquftoG,f±dS=uygw,f” [k jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;a&; tmcHaeonfh wyfr–;wpfOD;uqdkonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh 25 June 2010

HGF vufcH cf- SSA wyfzGJ@tcsKd@awmifydkif;wyfzGJ@ESifhyl;aygif;

EkdifiHa&;

'kAdkvfcsKyf}uD;rif;atmifv_dif

24 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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jynfol@ppftoGifajymif;a&;tpDtpOfudk ESpfvcef@vufcHxm;aomtypf&yf SSA wyfr[mrsm;ESifhtoGifajymif;a&; vufrcHonhftypf&yf SSA wyfr[m 1 t=um; em;vnfr_ ±SdaeqJjzpfojzifh trsm;pdwfylae=uonfhtwkdif; typf&yf SSA ESpfjcrf;uGJzG,fr±Sda=umif; trnfrazmfvdkonfh wyfr[m 1 wyfr–;wpfOD;u ajymygonf?

“jynfol@ppftoGiful;ajymif;zdk@wyfr[m 3/ 7 eJ@ XmecsKyfwyfzGJ@ oabmwlvufcHcJh+yDqkdayrJh tckxufxd etzwyfwdkuf±dkuf

toGiful;ajymif;a&;a=umifh typf&yf SSA ESpfjcrf;ruGJxdef;csKyfwmr±Sdao;bl;? wyfr[mtm;vHk; rdcifwyfrawmfwckwnf;jzpfaeqJ” [k ‚if;uqkdonf?

typf&yf SSA wyfr[m 3 ESifh wyfr[m 7 wdk@onf etzppfwyfxH ,ae@wkdif vufeuftyfESHjcif; r±Sdao;a=umif;/ Armht&m±Sdta,muf 30 vnf; ‚if;wdk@ESifhvma&muf yl;aygif;jcif;r±Sdao;a=umif; qufajymjyygonf?

“wyfr[m 3 eJ@ 7 wkd@uvJ jynfol@ppfwyf&if;zGJ@zkd@wu,fwrf; SSA wHqdyfcGg+yD; ,leDazmif;vJ&&if/ Armppfwyfvuf

0 wyfzGJ@acgif;aqmifydkif;ESifh etzudk,fpm;vS,frsm;yefqef;XmecsKyfYxyfrHawG@qkHpOf‘aejynfawmf. toGifajymif;a&;udpPvufrcHv#iftqdk;bufOD;wnfEdkifonf’- [k xyfrHzdtm;ay;wkdufwGef;onf[kqdkonf?

=uyfajy;qHk;jzwfcsufvufcH&rnf[k 0 wyfzGJ@tm;xyfrHowday;ausmuf0ifuGrf;/ vDZl;vsJ@ac: OD;atmifjrifhwdk@ESifh yefqef;Y wem&DausmfawG@qHkcJhonf[kqkd.?

awG@qHkyGJY e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifajymif;a&;onf aejynfawmfqHk;jzwfcsufjzpfojzifhvufrcHv#if tqdk;bufOD;wnfEdkifa=umif;/ wyfrawmfwpfckwnf;rSv$JI oD;jcm;vufeufukdifwyfr±Sdoifha=umif;/ tckrajymif;vnf;aemifwGif rv$JraoGajymif;&rnfjzpfa=umif;/ etzudk,fpm;vS,frS xyfrHzdtm;ay;cJhaomfvnf; 0wyfzGJ@rS wpHkw&m wkef@jyefaqG;aEG;jcif;r±Sda=umif; od&onf?

“'kwkdif;r–;wa,mufxJ wem&DavmufajymoGm;+yD; bmawGar;jref;§awmif;qdkvdkovJvdk@ar;awmh 0 acgif;aqmifawGu+idrf;csrf;a&;eJ@ppfa&; etzb,f[mukdykdvkdvm;ovJ vkd@jyefar;w,f?wqufxJbmrSjyefrajzbJ awG@qHkyGJ+yD;qHk;a=umif;a=ujimvkdufw,f”- [k 0t&m±SdwOD;u ajym.?

*|ef 20 &ufae@uwnf;utqkdyg etzudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ yefqef;odk@a&muf±Sdae+yD; *|ef 23 &ufae@ reufydkif;wef@,ef;rSvm;±_d;odk@ wyfacgufjyefoGm;=uonf[k qdk.?

,ckawG@qHkr_onf {+yD 28 aemufqHk;xm;I e,fjcm;apmifhwyftoGifrajymif;v#if 0 wyfzGJ@tygt0iftypf&yfrsm;tm; w&m;r0iftoif;jzpfoGm;rnf[k etz rS +cdrf;ajcmuf+yD;aemufydkif; 'kwd,t}udrfawG@qHkjcif;jzpfonf?

etz udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@wdkif;onf yefqef;®r@arh±Sif;[dkw,fwGifomwnf;cdk=u&m qufqHa&;ajyvnfpOfu 0 tm%mydkifrsm; npmpm;yGJwnfcif;{nfhcHavh±Sdaomfvnf; ,ckvm;±_d; 'k-wdkif;r–;ESifhtzGJ@c&D;pOfwGifrl [dkw,frSau|;arG;onfh tpm;tpmrsm;jzifh om a&mifh&JcJh&a=umif; yefqef;®r@cHwOD;u o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymjyygonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh 23 June 2010

“*|ef 22 &ufwkef;u vm;±_d;'kwdkif;r–;opfOD;aqmifwJh etzudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ ,leefjynfe,f rdkif;vsJrf;®r@ w±kyftm%mykdifawGeJ@w±kyfjrefrme,fpyfvkHòcHa&; 6 vw}udrftpnf;ta0;oGm;wuf+yD; yefqef;udkjyeftdyfw,f? 0 acgif;aqmifydkif;tcsKd@eJ@awG@w,f/0 ppfOD;pD;csKyfeJ@ OuUX}uD;ayguf,lcsrf;wdk@awmhrawG@bl;?”- [kyefqef;t&m±SdESifh &if;ESD;onfh vm;±_d;om;wOD;ajymygonf?

tiftm; 40 cef@ OD;aqmifonfh ta±S@ajrmufydkif;wdkif;ppfXmecsKyf 'k-wdkif;r–; Adkvfr–;csKyf0if;odef;ESifh wef@,ef;tajcpdkufppfAsL[mr–;Adkvfr–; }uD;cdkifaZmfwdk@. udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@ 10 a,mufcef@ESifh 0 acgif;aqmifydkif;rsm;jzpfonfh UWSP 'kOuUX a±SmufrifvsH/'ktwGif;a&;r–;ayguf,dk,D;/ ayguf,dkvsJef/ ausmufaumftef;/

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Shan Herald Agency for News 25

INDEPENDENCE

atmufuef@owfcsKyfjc,fr_awG±Sdvm&if vufcHrJhyHkray:ygbl;” -[k wyfr[m 1 tokdif;t0dkif;u ajymygonf?

{+yDvaESmif;ykdif;u AdkvfcsKyfvG,farm0f; ESifh AkdvfcsKyfukdifzSOD;aqmifIvm;±_d;wkdif;r–;xH toGifajymif;zkd@vlol vufeuftiftm;pm&if; wpfaxmifausmfay;tyfcJhonf[kqkd.?

odk@aomf vlol/ vufeuf/ aiGtm;tawmifhwif;qHk;jzpfonfh AdkvfcsKyfyefzS. wyfr[m 1 rSmrl ,ae@wdkiftoGifajymif;a&;udpP vufcHjcif;r±SdbJ qufvufwif;cHaeqJjzpfonf?

eef;arGcg0l 15 June 2010

2010 a±G;aumufyGJ 0ifa&muf,SOf®yifrnfh 0 EdkifiHa&;ygwD2 ck teuf ‘0’ 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD WDP onf 0 vlxktwGuf&yfwnfrnfh ygwDr[kwfa=umif; 0 todkif;t0dkif;rS =oZm±SdolwOD;uajymqkdonf?

“usaemfwdk@ 0 trsKd;om;emrnfokH;xm;wJhygwD 3 ck±Sdw,f?0 jynfaoG;pnf;a&; ygwD UWSPuawmh yg0if,SOf®yifrSmr[kwfbl;/usef 2 ygwDxJu wpfygwDuawmh }uHhcdkifa&;uaeqif;oufvmawmh 0 vlxktwGuf&yfwnfwJhygwDr[kwfbl;”- [k trnfraz:vdk onfh txifu& 0 vlxk acgif;aqmifwOD;u ajymygonf?

arv twGif; etza±G;aumufyGJaumfr±SifxH ygwDrSwfyHkwifcGifh&xm;onfh 0 EdkifiHa&;ygwDESpfckrSm 0 trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD Wa National Unity Party (WNUP) ESifh 0 'Drdku&ufwpfygwDWa Democratic Party (WDP) wdk@jzpf=u.?

“ Wa Democratic Party (WDP) &J@ EC awG[m rqvBSPP acwfwkef;u vlawGjzpfw,f? 1990 a±G;aumufyGJwkef;uwdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (wpn) rSmvJygw,f? 1993rSmzGJ@wJh}uHhcdkifa&;toif;rSmvJygw,f? tJ'ga=umifh WDP u etzppftkyfpk ausmaxmufaemufcHðyxm;wJhygwDvdk@ tcdkiftrmajym&Jw,f”- [k tqdkygyk*~dKvfu o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymjyonf?

1990 a±G;aumufyGJwGif National Unity Party (NUP)

wpnygwDrS wjynfvHk;0ifa&muf,SOf®yif&m trwf 10 ae&m&±Sdonfhteuf o#rf;jynfajrmufydkif; [dkyefrJqENe,ftrwf cGefxGef;vl(touf 60 ausmf) tEdkif&±Sdonf? ,ck 0 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD(WDP) ukdvnf;tqdkygyk*~dKvfESifh rqvygwD0ifa[mif;rsm;jzpfonfh OD;qdkifaygif;eyfESifh OD;pdE Wmwdk@OD;aqmifonf[k tqdkyg 0 acgif;aqmifuqufajym onf?

WDP onf ‘0’ vlxktwGufr[kwf ‘0’ acgif;aqmifwOD;a0zefvuf±Sdtrnfopf 0 trsKd;om;nD!Gwfa&;ygwD (WNUP)

ukdrl OD;wmhapmvk u 0 trsKd;om;wdk;wufa&;ygwD (WNDP)tjzpfOD;aqmifwnfaxmifcJhonf? 1992 ue0w. rl;,pfaq;0g;ywfoufqufEG,faer_udk urBmodowif;jzef@r_a=umifh wmhapmvktzrf;cH&+yD; ESdyfpufr_'%ftrsKd;rsKd;cH&um vm;±_d;Yaxmifus cJh&onf? xkd@a=umifh,ck Wa National Unity Party (WNUP) udkOD;zdvpfqrf (Philip Hsam) ESifhOD;,Dhyvdwfwdk@u OD;aqmifvsuf±Sdonf[kqdkonf?

0 trsKd;om;rsm;onf 2008 em;*pfzGJ@pnf;yHkt& 0 udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh&wdkif;a'o}uD; 6 ®r@e,ftwGif;omruoHvGifta±S@jcrf;vm;±_d;/ usKdif;wHk/ rdkif;qwf/ rdkif;wHk®r@e,f/ oHvGiftaemufjcrf; wef@,ef;®r@e,frsm;wGif ysH@ESH@aexdkif=uonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh 16 June 2010

OD;zdvpfqrf

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26 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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usm;jzLygwD[k vlodrsm;vmonfh SNDP (Shan Nationa-

lities Democratic Party) o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD. ygwDtvH ESifh qdkif;bkwfwifyGJ tcrf;tem;ukd &efukef±kH;csKyftjyif®r@e,f±kH;toD;oD;Yvnf; zGifhyGJ usif;ycJhonf[k pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf?

“&efukef±kH;csKyfukd 3§6§2010 reuf 8;44 em&DrSm ygwDtvHeJ@ qdkif;bkwfwifyGJusif;yw,f/ EdkifiHa&; todrdwfaqGawGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;vmygw,f”- [k ygwD OuUX OD;pdkif;tdkufayg0f;uajymygonf?

SNDP ygwD tvH ESifh qdkif;bkwfwifyGJqufwk dufusif;ye,fawGrSmvJ ±kH;cGJawG qufwdkufzGifhvSpfoGm;r,f”- [k OD;pdkif;tdkufayg0f;u ajym.?

OD;pdkif;tdkufayg0f; acgif;aqmifjzpfonfh o#rf;wdkif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD SNDP .ygwDtvHonf aemufcHteD /tpdrf;Y tv,fv0ef;jzpfa=umif;/ ygwDwHqdyfrSmrl usm;jzL(wudk,fvHk;) owfrSwfxm;a=umif;vnf; od±Sd&ygonf?

“o#rf;jynfwckxJ ygwD0if ta,muf 500 avmuf&&if+yD;+yD/ tckusaemfwdk@u wjcm;wdkif;eJ@jynfe,fawGrSmoGm;0if®yif r,fqdk

xdkif;e,fpyfokd@a&mufvmaom o#rf;jynf'kuQonfrsm;,cifuxuf2qydkrsm;vma=umif; e,fpyfowif;t&od&onf?

“Zefe0g&Duae arvtxdusaemfwkd@qDvmwmtm;vHk;aygif;ta,muf 1500 ausmfw,f? t&ifuwpfvqdk 200 avmufbJa&mufvmw,f? tcky#rf;r#wpfv 400 avmuf±S dw,f?wjcm;*dwfuae0ifwm cef@rSef;ajcw*dwfav;a,mufE_ef;qdkawmhtm;vkH;aygif;vdkuf&if wpf&ufav;ig;axmifrubl;” [k csif;rkdif

o#rf;jynfrS'kuQonfrsm;xdkif;e,fpyfodk@axmifcsDa&muf ± S dc±kdifzSef®r@e,ftajcpkduf e,fpyf'kuQonfapmifh=unfhulnDaeolwpfOD;uajymygonf?

trsKd;orD; 686 a,muf52% / arG;uif;prS 14 ESpfatmufuav; 346 a,muf 26% ±Sda=umif;/ o#rf;jynfawmifydkif; aus;oD;/rdkif;udkif/ vJcsm;/ uGef[def;/ rdk;eJ/ vif;ac;/ rdkif;yef®r@e,fESifh o#rf;jynf

*|efv yxrygwfwGif o#rf;wkdif;&if;om;rsm; 'Drkdu&ufwpfygwD(usm;jzLygwD) SNDP &efukef±kH;csKyfzGifhyGJtvHESifh qkdif;bkwfwifyGJusif;youJhokd@ *|ef 10 &uf erfhcrf;±kH;/ *|ef 11 &uf rlp,f±kH;/ *|ef20 &ufawmif}uD;±kH;/ *|ef 21 &uf vm;±_d;±kH;ESifh *|ef 25 &uf usKdif;wkH±kH;(cGJ) wkd@Yvnf; toD;oD;qufwkdufzGifhvSpfcJhonf?

“a±G;aumufyGJaumfr±Sifuae usaemfwdk@ygwDudk ar 26&ufu w&m;0ifEdkifiHa&;ygwDtjzpfrSwfyHkwifcGifhðyvdkuf+yDav? 'DvxJrSm pnf;±kH;qif;Edkifatmif§vkyfief;vnfywfEdkifatmif tjcm;®r@

awmh ygwD0if 1000 avmuf tenf;qHk;&rS jzpfr,f” - [k qufIajymjy.?

o#rf;jynf 39 ®r@e,f ppfudkif;wdkif; 2 ®r@e,f/ ucsifjynf6 ®r@e,f ESifh u,m; (u&ifeDjynf) 3 ®r@e,ftjyif &efukefwdkif;/rE Wav;wdkif;rsm;Yvnf; 0ifa&muf,SOf®yifrnf[kqdkonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh 03 June 2010

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Shan Herald Agency for News 27

INDEPENDENCE

tm%m±Sifppftkyfpk. EsL;uvD;,m;pDrHudef;ukd Adkvfr–;pdkif;odef;0if;urBmodxkwfaz:t+yD; *|efvyxrywftwGif;‚if;. rdom;pkcsKyfcs,fuef@owfcHvdkuf&um ®r@wGif;tifwmeufqdkifrsm;vnf;ppfaq;ar;jref;cH&a=umif; ausmufrJowif;&yfuGufrS od&onf?

“Adkvfr–;pdkif;odef;0if;&J@rdom;pkvJcsKyfcs,fuef@owfcH&w,f?usaemfwdk@ausmufrJrSmtifwmeufqdkif2 qdkifbJ±Sdw,f? tckaxmufvSrf;a&;awGtvkyf±_yfaewmbJ/ tifwmeufydkif±Sifudk[dkar; 'Dar;/ b,folawG bm0ufyfqdkufawGvm=unfhvJ pojzifhppfaq;w,f? 'gayr,fh olwdk@vJ jynfyrD'D,mowif;pmrsufESmawGvm=unfhoGm;w,fvdk@ajymw,f”-[ktrnfraz:vdkonfhausmufrJom;wOD;u ajymygonf?

etz EsL;uvD;,m;pDrHudef;azmfxkwfolAdkvfrSL;pdkif;odef;0if;rdom;pk csKyfcs,fuef@owfcH&

.wl/ wlrrsm;vnf; ae&yftjrefqHk;jyef&ef ppfaxmufvSrf;a&;rsm;owday;xm;a=umif; ‚if;uajym.?

“rdom;pk0ifawG tus,fcsKyfoabmr[kwfayr,fh/axmufvSrf;a&;awG a'ocHtm%mydkifawG&J@ rsufajcrjywfapmifh=unfhcHae&wJhoabm/ ®r@wGif;aps;0,fwmavmufawmh&ygw,f”- [kwjcm;ausmufrJom;wOD;u o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymjyonf?

azaz:0g&Dvu jynfyodk@wdrf;a±SmifoGm;onfh Ad kvfr–;a[mif;pdkif;odef;0if;wGif zcifr±Sdawmha=umif;/ rdcifvnf; touf70 em;eD;ae+yDjzpfa=umif;/ armifESr 4 a,mufteuf t}uD;qHk;rSmuG,fvGef+yDjzpfa=umif;/ ‚if; rSm ti,fqHk;jzpfa=umif;todkif;t0dkif;ESifh eD;pyfolwOD;uajymygonf?

Adkvfr–; (a[mif;) pdkif;odef;0if;onf wyfrawmfenf;ynmwuUodkvfrS 1999 wGifausmif;+yD;.? ±k±Sm;rS 'Hk;yHstif*sif bmom&yfbJG@&±Sdolvnf;jzpf.? rauG;wdkif; ®rif®r@e,f v#Kd@0Sufppfvufeufxkwfvkyfa&;puf±kH (rE Wav;wdkif; oydwfusif;v#Kd@0Sufppfvufeuftaxmuftulðypuf±kH) 'k puf±kHr–;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf? ppfouf 15 ESpfwm0efxrf;um ,ckESpfazaz:0g&Dvu xdyfwef;v#Kd@0Sufpmwrf;ESifhtwl EsLuvD;,m;vufeufwnfaqmufa&;pDrHudef;qdkif&m oufaoypPnf;ESifh"gwfykHrsm;,laqmifI jynfyodk@ wdrf;a±Smifcdkv_HcJhonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh 9 June 2010

*|efvyxrywftwGif; ausmufrJ®r@±Sd Adkvfr–;pdkif;odef;0if;rdom;pk ®r@jyifxGuf&efcufcJa=umif;/ tpfudkjzpfol pdkif;pdk;vGif (jcL;pmtkyfqdkif) pmtkyfta&mif;t0,fpm&if;±Sif;&ef rE Wav;yifrqif;&a=umif;/ xdk@twlwjcm;®r@}uD;odk@ynmoifoGm;onfh pdkif;odef;0if; P

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1997 rSpI 2005 twGif; &mxl;rSz,f±Sm;cHcJh&onfhxdyfwefppfAdkvfcsKyftcsKd@tm; umuG,fa&;0ef}uD;Xme.trdef hjzifh ZGef28 &ufu xdyfoD;ppfacgif;aqmifESpfOD;rS aejynfawmfodk@qifhac:awG@qHkcJha=umif; owif;&±Sdonf?

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AdkvfcifnGef@tygt0if z,f±Sm;cHppfAdkvfcsKyfa[mif;rsm; -=uyfajy;ok d@ ac:awG@

t&m±SdwpfOD;u Freedom News Group odk hajymonf?,ckawG@qHkr_wGif AdkvfcsKyfr_;}uD;oef;a±$ESifh 'k-AdkvfcsKyfr_;}uD;

armifat;wdk@.trdef@jzifhqifhac:awG@qHkonf[kqdkaomfvnf;Freedom News Group rStwnfðyEdkifjcif; r±Sdacs?

AdkvfcifnGef@tygt0if Adkvfr–;csKyfatb,f(vf)/ AdkvfcsKyfxGef;=unfESifhAdkvfcsKyfausmfbwdk@tygt0if ig;OD;xufrenf;ac:,lawG@qHkcJhjcif;jzpf+yD;v#Kd@0SufodkodyfpGmvkyfaqmifcJhonf[kqdkonf?

ppfwyft&m±Sda[mif;wpfOD;u “vGefcJhwJhESpfvavmufuwnf;uvnf; Adkvfoef;a±$u AdkvfcifnGef@udkaejynfawmfajymif;aezdk@ajymxm;wm=um;w,f? tckac:awG hwmu2010a±G;aumufyGJtwGufvnf;jzpfEdkifw,f/ t}uH m%fawmif;wmrsKd;r[kwfyJowday;wmrsdK;? 'grSr[kwfEsL;uvD;,m;v#Kd@0Sufowif;awG ayguf=um;aevkd@ vHkòcHa&;[muGufzmax;zdk@vJ jzpfEdkifw,f”[k oHk;oyfonf?

+yD;cJhonfhvu AdkvfcifnGef@tm;2010 a±G;aumufyGJESifhwdkif;&if;wkdif;om;vufeufudkifrsm;ta&;tay: oabmxm;tjriftpD&ifcHpma&;&ef Akdvfoef;a±$apckdif;cJh&m ‚if;u,cka±G;aumufyGJYwwd,tkyfpkonftE W&m,faumifrsm;jzpfa=umif;(twdrftapmif;jzpfygucsufjcif;ta&mifajymif;rnfholrsm;jzpfa=umif;) wdkif;&if;om;

ArmppfwyfrS Missile 'Hk;ysHrsm;typf&yfe,fajrteD;jzef@usuf

arvu ucsifjynfrdk;n‡if;ESifh o#rf;jynfusKdif;wHk/ aemifcsKd®r@e,frsm;Y jrefrmppfwyfrS 'Hk;ysHwyf&if;(3) &if;zGifhvSpfcJh&m ‚if;wyf&if;opfrsm;odk@twGJvdkufypfcwfEdkifaom 122 rr 'Hk;ysHtpD;wpfaxmifcef@ESifh'Hk;ypf,mOfrsm;ydk@aqmifvdkufonf[kod&onf?

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2010 o}uFefumv &efukefoDv0gqdyfurf;odk@ qdkufuyfcJhonfh ajrmufudk;&D;,m; oabmFwpfpD;ay:wGif 'Hk;ysH ESifh qufpyfypPnf;rsm; wifaqmifvma=umif; owif;xGufcJhonf?

jrefrmppfwyfonf 1988 rSp I ppfwyftiftm;}uD;xGm;a&; t±dSeft[kefjr‡ifh wdk;csJ@vsuf±dS&m,cif u wdkufcdkufa&;wyf&if;189 &if;cef@om±SdcJhaomfvnf; ,cktcg ppfonftiftm; 4 odef;ausmfcef@ ±dS+yD[kqkdonf?

jynfolvlxkacwfaemufus+yD; qif;&JwGif;eufaeonfhjrefrmEdkifiHtzkd@ ppfwyftiftm;csJ@xGif&aom&nf±G,fcsufrSm 2008zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya't& ppfwyfausmaxmufaemufcHjzifhwdkif;jynfudk ydjym;pGm"g;rkd;xdef;csKyfEdkif&ef jzpfa=umif; ppfa&;u|rf;usifolrsm;u oHk;oyfonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh 24 June 2010

pmrsufESm 29 o k d ‹

Shan Herald Agency for News 29

INDEPENDENCE

ppftkyfpkukdvufeufpGJukdifawmfvSefaewJh u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wkd;wufa&;ygwD KNPP &J@ 'k OuUXa[mif;wpfOD;vnf;jzpf/zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpk&J@zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya' rl=urf;a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDOuUXvnf;jzpfwJh AkdvfcsKyfref;atmifoef;av;[m arv31 &ufae@rSm vl}uD;a&m*geJ@ uG,fvGefoGm;ygw,f?

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u&ifeDAdkvfcsKyf ref;atmifoef;av; uG,fvGeftxd u&ifeDtrsKd;om;wkd;wufa&;wkdufyGJumvwav#muf acgif;aqmifr_awGay;cJhovkd wkdif;&if;om;a&;&mudpPawGrSmvnf; pGrf;pGrf;wrHaqmif±GufcJholwpfOD;jzpfw,fvkd@ OuUX OD;clxJbl;zJu ajymygw,f? AkdvfcsKyfref;atmifoef;av; owWdajymifwJhacgif;aqmif wpfa,mufjzpfcJhovkd wkdif;&if;om;awGeJ@r[mrdwfa&;&mvkyfief;awGeJ@zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkay:xGef;a&;vkyfief;pOfawGrSm wufwufºuGºuGyg0ifOD;aqmifcJholwpfOD;jzpfwma=umifh wkdif;&if;om; tm;vkH;twGuf epfem&w,fvkd@ ytkd0f;trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@csKyfOuUX cGefOuUmu ajymygw,f?

“AkdvfcsKyfref;atmifoef;av;[m u&ifeDtrsKd;om;acgif;aqmifqkdayr,fh usaemfwdk@ytkd0f;awG u&ifawG/txl;ojzifhwyfaygif;pkawG&J@acgif;aqmiftjzpfvJ todtrSwfðyw,f? vufeufcstnHhcHr_vkH;0r±SdbJ&efolukd jywfjywfom;om;qef@usifwJhpdwf"gwf±Sdw,f? ZGJowWdaumif;+yD;awmhqkH;jzwf csufckdifrmwJh acgif;aqmifvkd@ajymvkd@&w,f? AkdvfcsKyfref;atmifoef; av; uG,fvGefoGm;wm[mzuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnf aqmufa&;vkyfief;tjyif wkdif;&if;om;tm;vkH;wef;wla&;eJ@ukd,fykdifjyXmef;cGifh&±Sda&;vkyfief;rSm acgif;aqmif}uD;wpfa,muf av#mhoGm;wmaygh?”

AkdvfcsKyfref;atmifoef;av;[m 1972 uae 1975 txdKNPP &J@ 'k ppfOD;pD;csKyftjzpfwm0ef,l ygw,f? 1992 uae 2005twGif; u&ifeDtpkd;& rSm 4 ESpfouf wrf; 2 }udrf0ef}uD;csKyftjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJ hygw,f? AkdvfcsKyfref;atmifoef;av;[m{&m0wDwkdif; rtlyif®r@e,f ,kHawm±GmZmwd jzpf+yD; uG,fvGefcsdefrSmZeD;onf aemfukd&D;eJ@ om;orD; 8 a,muf usefcJhw,fvkd@ od&ygw,f?

RFA 30 May 2010

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=uyfajy;rSvmonfh owif;wpf&yft& Adkvfcif!Gef@tm;

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Freedom News Group

pmrsufESm 28 rS

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Shan Herald Agency for News 31

INDEPENDENCE

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0 jynf rl;,pfaq;0g; rD;± _dŒ yJG etz tm%mydkifrsm;rwufc&D;oGm;wOD;u ajymygonf?

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UWSP/UWSA 'kOuUX ausmuf0ifuGrf;.tzGifhtrSmpum;wGif- ‘0 e,fwGif 2005 uwnf;url;,pfuif;pife,f tjzpf owfrSwf+yD;jzpfaoma=umifh/ uif;pife,fajrtjzpf taumiftxnfazmfaqmifr_ atmifjrifap&eftultnDay;cJhonfh w±kwfjynf/ EdkifiHwumtzGJ@tpnf;rsm;ESifh UN, NGO wdk@tm; txl;aus;Zl;wifa=umif;’ ajym=um;cJhonf[k qdkonf?

2009-2010 twGif; rl;,pfaq;0g;tr_jzifh zrf;qD;xm;olOD;a& 100 ausmfa=umif;/ 0 e,fwnfqJOya't& rl;,pfr_jzifhao'%fpD&ifjcif;r±Sda=umif; 0 tm%mydkifwOD;u ajymygonf?

o#rf;oHawmfqifh 28 June 2010

aygufv#if- yxrwcsuf etz ppfwyftwGuf/ 'kwd, tcsufjynfol@ppfwyftzGJ@ESifh tjcm;vufeufudkifwyfzGJ@rsm;twGuf/ wwd,tcsuf &yf±Gmomr_emr_twGuf/ aemufqHk;tcsufrSom rdrd0rf;pmtwGufjzpfa=umif;/ vGefcJhonfh ESpfaygif; 30-40 u tvkyfwpfvvkyfv#ifwESpfvHk;xdkifpm;Edkifa=umif;/ ,ckrSmrl wESpfywfvHk;tvkyfvkyfaomfvnf; wpfvpmtwGuf0rf;r0aoma=umifh xdkif;e,fpyfodk@xGufajy;cdkvH_vm&a=umif; o#rf;oHawmfqifhodk@ajymjyygonf?

“tJ'Dtajctaea=umifhjynfolawG bdef;jcHvkyf&w,f?aus;oD;zufu etzwyfr–;wa,mufqdk bdef;rpdkufwJhol vltbJ/tay;t,lvkyf=uwmayghvkd@awmifajymzl;w,f?” - [k OD;cGefpdkif;u

twnfðy ajymqdk.?bdef;pdkufysKd;r_yaysmufa&; 15 ESpf pDrHudef;t& etzvsm

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o#rf;oHawmfqifh 9 June 2010

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32 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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cE<mudk,ftwGif; [D;±kd;tif;0SufxnfhI w±kwfjynfwGif;cdk;0ifonfh trsKd;orD;ta,muf 30 xufrenf;zrf;qD;&rda=umif;rdkif;vm;rl;,pf&JwyfzGJ@todkif;t0dkif;u ajymygonf?

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2010 azaz:0g&DrSpI arvqef;ydkif;txd rdkif;vm;txl;a'o 4 rS wqifh e,fpyfjzwfausmf+yD; w±kwfjynfxJ rl;,pfarSmifcdkukeful;onfh trsKd;orD; 35 a,mufzrf;qD;&rda=umif;/ trsm;pkrSmptdkvrf;a=umif; arG;vrf;a=umif;xJ bdef;jzLv#Kd@0Sufo,faqmif=ua=umif; tqdkygyk*~dKvfuajymygonf?

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“w±kwfjynfudk Ed kifiHwumu Black hole for Heroin

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o#rf;oHawmfqifh 8 June 2010

ta±S@ydkif;rdkif;wkH/ rdkif;quf/ rdkif;jyif;®r@e,frS 0ifa&mufvmolrsm;jzpfonf[k ‚if;uqufvufajym=um;ygonf?

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e,fpyfwGiftvkyfvkyfv#if wpf&ufa,musfm;bwf 100/rdef;rbwf 90 &onf[k e,fpyfolwpfOD;uajym.?

1996 rS 1998 txd etzppfwyfu o#rf;jynftv,fykdif;§awmifykdif; 11 ®r@e,frS ±Gmaygif; 1478 ±Gmtm; rD;±_d@ zsufqD;+yD;ae&yfrSt"rRpGef@cGgcdkif;cJhaoma=umifh ±Gmom;oHk;odef;cef@ tdk;rJhtdrfrJhjzpfcJh&a=umif; 1998 {+yDv The Shan Human Rights Founda-

tion . Dispossessed tpD&ifcHpmwGifa&;om;azmfjyxm;onf?

arGacg0f 03 June 2010

pmrsufESm 26 rS

Shan Herald Agency for News 33

INDEPENDENCE

0 e,ftwGif; 0ifa&mufaxmufvSrf;onfh o#rf;jynfta±S@ydkif; rdkif;,ef;tajcpdkufykvdyftm; 0 tm%mydkifwdk@ zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;a=umif; pHkprf;od±Sd&ygonf?

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0 tm%mydkifrsm; zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifonfh &Jwyfom; 2 OD;teufwOD;rSm usKdif;wHk Zmwd o#rf;jzpf+yD; usefwOD;rSm pdkif;ausmftrnf±Sd 0 trsKd;om;wOD;jzpfonf[k rdkif;zsJefa'ocHwOD;u ajymygonf?

0 wyfzGJ@ ppfaq;ar;jref;csuft& tqdkyg &Jom;ESpfOD;onfetzppfwyfapcdkif;csuft& 0 wyfzGJ@ wyfpcef;wnfae&m/ tiftm;jyifqifwdk;csJ@r_tajctaeESifh 2009 ESpfvnfydkif;u 0 e,ftwGif;aysmufoGm;onfh etzppfom; 2 OD;.owif;vdkufvH pHkprf;&ef 0e,ftwGif;0ifa&mufjcif;jzpfonf[k xGufqdk=ua=umif; tqdkyga'ocHuajymygonf?

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xm;w,f? XmecsKyfudkydk@rvm;/ bmvkyfrvJawmhrodbl;”- [k 0tm%mydkifESifh eD;pyfonfhtodkif;t0dkif;u ajymygonf?

2009 ESpfukefydkif;uvnf; rdkif;cwftajcpdkuf cr& 327 rSvufeuftjynfhwyfqifxm;onfh ppfom; 6 a,muf 0 xdef;csKyfe,fajrodk@u|H0ifcJhaomfvnf; 0 wyfzGJ@u wpHkw&m ta&;r,lbJ+cdrf;ajcmufowday;I jyefv$wfay;vdkufonf?

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o#rf;oHawmfqifh 7 June 2010

jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJ+yD; trsKd;om;pnf;vHk;nD!Gwfa&;wnfaqmufcsif&if'Dvkyf&yfawGðyjyifzdk@ArmawG&J@wm0efomjzpfw,f? ðyjyifay;EdkifrSvGwfvyfa&;&J@t&omudk ArmvlrsKd;jynfoltrsm;pk cHpm;cGifh±SdEdkifygvdrfhr,f?

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'gayr,fh 'Drdkua&pDwpfckwnf;eJ@yJ&yfwnf+yD;zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;udkausmcdkif;aer,fqdk&ifwkdif;&if;om;awGtwGuf u|efb0rSmqufepfrGef;ae&rSmrdk@'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkawGeJ@ tjynfht0vufwGJcsifrSmr[kwfbl;? 'Dawmhyl;wGJ aygif;pnf;a&;[m cdkifrmtm;aumif;EdkifrSmr[kwfbl;? 'Dvkdomjzpfae&ifwdkif;jynf&ifqdkifae&wJh qif;&J=uyfwnf;r_taetxm;[mquf+yD; =um±Snfaeygvdrfhr,f?

'ga=umifh'Drdkua&pDa&;eJ@ zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufzkd@vkdygw,f? 'Dvkd&,lEkdifzdk@ 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pkeJ@ wdkif;&if;om;tiftm;pkyl;wGJaygif;pnf;+yD; 'Drdkua&pDzuf'&,f jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;vrf;pOfcsrSwfzkd@vkdtyfaeyga=umif; apwemaumif;ESifh wifjyvkdufygw,f?

a±$[omF 10 June 2010

taxGaxG

pmrsufESm 37 rS

34 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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rSm a'ocHvlrsKd;awG vkyfudkifpm;aomuf&mv,f,majru¾rSmavmavmq,fppfwyfu xdef;csKyfxm;wmrsm;w,f? 2008 con-

stitution rSm militarization ppfwyftiftm;av#mhcsa&;jyXmef;xm;wmr±Sdbl;? 0ifta±G;cHr,fh wdkif;&if;om;ygwDawGtaeeJ@ jynfe,ftqifhrSmjzpfjzpf/ v$wfawmftqifhrSmjzpfjzpf 'DudpPudk awmfawmfav;tjiif;tckefvkyf&r,fvdk@ jrifygw,f?

yg0if,SOf®yifr,fh ygwDacgif;aqmifawGtzkd@ udk,fh&J@trsKd;om;tay:xm;wJhoabmxm;jzLpifr_/ apwem/ trSefw&m;awGtay:rSmrlwnfaeygw,f? tJ'gawGudk xJxJ0if0if av;av;eufeuf tjiif;tckefvkyf+yD;vuf±SdjzpfaewJh jy\emawGudk ajz±Sif;EkdifwJha'ocHjynfolawG&J@tusKd;pD;yGm;eJ@ vuf±Sd'kuQawGudk u,fwifEdkifwJh pdwfaepdwfxm;±Sdr_awG vkdtyfw,fvdk@ xifygw,f?

pnf;vHk;nDnGefr_taetxm;rSm tcGifhta&;orm;awGrygzkd@vkdw,f? etz&J@tajccHOya'buf ,drf;,dkifroGm;zdk@vkdw,fvdk@jrifw,f? udk,fh&J@,Hk=unfcsufeJ@vkyfae=uw,fqkdawmh t®yiftqdkifawmh±Sdr,fxifygw,f?

udk0if;atmifa±$*wfpf (Shwe Gas Movement) v_yf±Sm;r_wm0efcH

VOA - 16 June 2010

Shan Herald Agency for News 35

INDEPENDENCE

usaemfwdk@Ed kifiHawmfudk zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufzdk@ vdktyfa}umif; 1948 rwdkifrDupjyD; uae@txd vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;a&;cJh=uajymcJh=uw,f? usaemfvnf;a&;cJhbl;ajymqdkaqG;aEG;cJhbl;w,f?

'gayr,fh 'Dae@txdzuf'&,f jynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufa&;udkqef@usifaeol/ vufrcHEdkifolawGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;±Sdaeao;w,f? 'DvdkvlawGtxJrSm tajctaerSefudkrodwJh/ ±dk;om;whJrsKd;cspfyk*~dKvfawG vli,fawGawmfawmfrsm;rsm;yg0ifaew,f? wdkif;&if; om;EdkifiHa&;ygwD tzGJ@tpnf;awGeJ@ eD;eD;uyfuyf rqufqHbl;wJh Armvli,fawGxJrSm 'Dvdktjrifoabmxm;awG±Sdae=uw,f?

'Dae@vkdEdkifiHa&;tajctae qdk;awGeJ@&ifqdkifóuHawG@ae&wJhumvrSmawmif 'DvkdtjrifrsKd;±Sdaeao;wm[m tajctaeqdk;udkoufwrf;±Snfatmif tm;ay;axmufulaeovdkjzpfaevkd@ 'Dta=umif;t&mudkusaemfxyfa&;&wmjzpfw,f? em;vnfausnuf+yD;olawGtzdk@ cGifhv$wfoD;cHapcsifw,f?

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkqkdwm ppfrSefwJhjynfaxmifpk ('grSr[kwf) jynfe,faygif;pk jynfaxmifpkudkac:wmjzpfygw,f? zuf'&,f(zuf'a&;&Sif;) qdkwm cGJxGufa&;/ ®yuGJa&;r[kwfbl;? yl;aygif;jcif;/ pkzGJ@jcif;omjzpfw,f? zuf'&,fudkcGJxGufa&;/ ®yuGJa&;vkd@vlawGxifjrifoGm;atmifvkyfcJhwmu 1962 rSmtm%modrf;cJhwJhAdkvfcsKyfae0if;eJ@ppfacgif;aqmifawGjzpfw,f? AdkvfcsKyfae0if;eJ@tm%modrf;ppfAdkvfcsKyfawG[m ‚if;wkd@tm%modrf;wmudk tjypfrjriftaumif;xifvmatmifeJ@ppfrSefwJhjynfaxmifpkwnf aqmufa&;udkawmif;qdkcJh=uwJhwkdif;&if;om;EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmifawG tay:tqdk;jriftjypfwifvmatmifxGifvdkufwJhoabm w&m;wpfckyg?'gudkem;vnf =uzkd@vkdygw,f?

wdkif;&if;om;acgif;aqmifawGbufu zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufzdk@bma=umifhawmif;qkd&wmvJ? 'gudk±dk;om;wJhrsKd;cspfArmvli,fawG oHk;oyfEkdifzdk@ usaemftusOf;csKyfwifjyvkdygw,f?

usaemfwdk@EdkifiH[m vlrsKd;aygif;pHkpkpnf;aexdkifwJhEdkifiH/ vlrsKd;aygif;pHkydkifqdkifwJhEkdifiHjzpfw,f? vlrsKd;aygif;pHkqdkayr,fh ppfacgif;aqmifawGajym=uovkd vlrsKd; 135 rsKd;awmhr[kwfbl;? jynfe,f 100ausmfwnfaqmufzkd@ b,folawGb,fwkef;urS ajymqkdwmr±SdcJhbl;? 8 jynfe,fwnfaqmufzkd@awmif;qdkcJhwm±Sdw,f? bmha=umifh'Dvdkawmif;qdk=u&wmvJ? 1947 zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'rSm jynfe,f3 ck 0da'owkdif; 1 ckeJ@ jynfrqdk+yD;zGJ@pnf;cJhw,f? ArmawGu jynfr

zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkwnfaqmufzdk@ bmha=umifhvdktyfovJudk&,lxm;+yD;jynfe,fawG/ 0da'owkdif;awGudk jynfrtm%meJ@v$rf;rdk;xm;vdkufw,f? 1974 zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'usawmhjynfe,f 7 ck/ wkdif; 7 ckeJ@ cGJjcm;+yD;tcGifhtvrf;§tqifhtwef;wlxm;vkdufw,f? 'gayr,fhjynfe,fawG/ wkdif;awGudkpDrHcef@cGJ@a&;tm%may;xm;jcif;r±Sdbl;? emrnfcHavmufyJ±Sd+yD; tm%mtm;vHk;udk A[kdtpdk;&ucsKyfudkifxm;jyefw,f? 'Dvdktwkta,mifjynfaxmifpkawGeJ@awG@óuHcJh&wmrsm;vkd@ jynfaxmifpktppftrSefudkazmfaqmifay;vmatmif zuf'&,fjynf axmifpkawmif;qkd=u&wmjzpfw,f?

8 jynfe,feJ@ zGJ@pnf;zkd@qdkwm vlrsKd;}uD; 8 rsKd;udk tajccHwmjzpfw,f? usefwJhvlrsKd;pkawGudk vspfvsL±_xm;wmr[kwfbl;?olwkd@twGufoifhawmfovkd trsdK;om;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;a'ovlrsKd;pka'oqdk+yD; owfrSwf+yD; oifhawmfwJhtm%mawG tcGifhta&;awGay;xm;&rSmjzpfygw,f? txl;ojzifhvlrsKd;pkwpfpku0g;rsKdwmrsKd;rjzpf&atmiftm%mawG tcGifhta&;awG cGJa0ay;xm;&rSmjzpfygw,f?

'DvkdyHkpHrsKd;eJ@zGJ@pnf;zkd@ bmha=umifhvkdtyfovJ

1? rwlnDwJh vuQ%m&yfawGeJ@ ordkif;aemufcH2? oD;jcm;pD&yfwnfaeEkdifwJhtajctae3? wef;wlnDr#a&;rS pkaygif;nD!Gwfr_±Sdap&ef'DtajccH 3 cka=umifh zuf'&,fjynfaxmifpkrsKd; zGJ@pnf;zkd@

vkdtyfwmjzpfw,f? 'DtajccH 3 &yfudk xyfrH+yD;±Sif;vif;atmifajym&r,fqkd&if-

(1) rwlnDwJhvuQ%m&yfrsm;eJ@ ordkif;aemufcH

vlrsKd;pk}uD;8 rsKd;qdkwJhucsif/ u&if/ u&ifeD/ csif;/ Arm/ &cdkif/o#rf;vlrsKd;pkawG[m wpfrsKd;eJ@wpfrsKd;rwlnDwJhbmompum;/ pmay/,Ofaus;r_awGeJ@orkdif;a=umif;aemufcHawG±Sdae=uw,f? bmompum;/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_awG rwlnDwmudk±Sif;zkd@vkdr,frxifvdk@r±Sif;awmhygbl;? 'DvlrsKd;pkawG[m 'DEdkifiH&J@ tpdwftydkif;awGjzpfwJh'Dae@olwkd@tajcðyaexdkifae=uwJhae&ma'oawGudk vGefcJhaomESpfaygif;wpfaxmifausmfu a&muf±SdaexdkifcJh=uwmjzpfw,f? 11&mpkrwdkifrDuqdk&if taemufbufrSm&cdkifjynf/ awmifbufrSmrGefjynfe,f/ tv,fykdif;tnma'orSm Armjynfqdk+yD; xifxif±Sm;±Sm;±SdaecJh=uw,f?

aqmif;yg;

36 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

Ltaemf&xm/ bk&ifhaemif/ tavmif;bk&m; Armbk&ifawG

ppftiftm;aumif;csdefrSm tjcm;vlrsKd;awG&J@EdkifiHawGudk wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkufcJhw,f? 'gayr,fh t+rJwrf;odrf;ydkufxm; Edkifwmr[kwfbl;?ESpfq,f&mtcsKd@rSm ol@jynfol EdkifiHeJ@oljzpfchJ=uwm orkdif;avhvmolwdkif;od=uygw,f? ucsif/ u&if/ u&ifeD/ csif;/ ±Srf;awG[m oD;jcm;ol@EdkifiHol@bk&ifawGeJ@r[kwfayr,fh 'l;0g;/ apmfuJ/apmjzm/ apmfbGm;/awmifydkif/ awmiftkyfawGeJ@ ‚if;wdk@vlrsdK;udk ‚if;wkd@&J@t}uD;tuJawGutkyfcsKyfcJh=uw,f? ya'o&mZfbk&ifacwfawGrSm vufatmufcHb0 a&mufcJh&ifawmif b¾mqufEdkif/ vkdtyfvm&ifppfom;ydk@ay;Edkif&if+yD;wmyJ/ vufawG@t& ol@vlrsKd;eJ@oltkyfcsKyfcJh=uwmacwftqufqufyg?

o#rf;awGu wpfcgwpf&HrSmbk&ifawGeJ@ oD;jcm;EdkifiHjzpfcJhbl;w,f? u&ifeDawGuawmh 1875 rSm rif;wkef;rif;&J@ukd,fpm;vS,fuif;0efrif;}uD;eJ@ t*Fvdyftpdk;&&J@udk,fpm;vS,fqma'gufuvyfazgqpfwkd@ oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xkd;+yD; oD;jcm;EdkifiHwpfckjzpfcJhwm1947 txdjzpfw,f? 'Dvdkordkif; aemufcHtcdkiftrm±Sd vmcJhwmudkypfy,farhaysmufxm;vdk@r&ygbl;? t*FvdyfawGtkyfpkd; cJhwJhumvrSmawmifwef;a'oeJ@jrefrmjynfrqkd+yD; oD;jcm;pDjzpfae =uw,f?

'DvdkwpfoD;wpfjcm;pD ESpfaygif;=um±SnfpGm±SdcJhwmudkaygif;pyfpkpnf;zdk@a±S;vl}uD;awG&J@ oabmxm;awGeJ@ uwdpum;awGudkvnf;jyefvnfavhvmzdk@vkdygw,f? 1946 Zefe0g&Dv a±$wd*HkapwDawmftv,fypP,HrSmusif;ywJh zqyv yxrt}udrfjynfvHk;u|wfnDvmcHrSm “vGwfvyfwJh Armjynfopfudkwnfaxmif&mrSmrnfonfhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkudkrqkd ukd,fhuH=urRmudk,fzefwD; cGifhay;r,f/ cGJxGufvkdwJhtcg cGJxGufcGifhay;r,f” vkd@csrSwfxm;wm±Sdygw,f? 1946 rwfvyxr yifvHktpnf;ta0;rSm (zqyv)udk,fpm;vS,ftaeeJ@wufa&mufcJhwJh OD;EkeJ@OD;b*srf;wkd@u 'Dpum;udkxyfrHxkwfaz:ajymqdk+yD; wkdif;&if;om;tm;vHk;nDnGwfa&;udk wnfaqmufcJh}uw,f? 1947 azaz:0g&D 10 &ufae@yifvHknDvmcHrSmAdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u “ArmawG+Adwdo#u|efrjzpfcsifovkd awmifwef;om;awGudkvnf;+Adwdo#u|ef rjzpfapvkd/ xkd@twlawmifwef;om;awGudkArmu|efrjzpfap&bl;” qkd+yD; yËd^mOftjzpfeJ@ uwdu0wfðyajymqkdcJhwm±Sdygw,f? 'Dvkduwdu0wfawG em;vnfr_awGeJ@yifvHkpmcsKyfqdkwJh oabmwlnDr_±SdcJhwmudk 'Dae@ArmawG arhaysmufrxm;=uzdk@vkdygw,f?

yifvHkpmcsKyftajccHoabmxm;uawmh

1? jynfaxmifpkt&yl;aygif;jcif;2? tcGifhta&;eJ@tqifhtwef;wlnDa&;3? jynfe,fawGrSmukd,fydkifjyXmef;cGifh±Sda&;4? cGJxGufvkdygucGJxGufcGifh±Sda&;

qdkwJhtajccHoabmxm; 4 &yf±Sdygw,f? 'DtajccHrlawGeJ@pkpnf;+yD; twlwuGvGwfvyfa&;&,lzdk@ awmif;qkdcJh=uwmjzpfw,f?

[dkwkef;u 'Dvdkomoabmxm;r±SdcJh&if jrefrmjynfvkd@ac:wJhvuf±Sd jynfaxmifpk&J@e,fedrdwf[m 'Dae@vdktaetxm;rsKd;jzpfvmrSmr[kwfbl;?

AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;eJ@ tmZmenfacgif;aqmifawGvkyf}uHcH&+yD;wJhaemufrSm vufawG@taumiftxnfazmfwJh 1947 EdkifiHawmfzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'[m txufygoabmxm;awG aysmufuG,faewmawG@&w,f?

yHko¾meft& jynfaxmifpktoGifaygufayr,fh jynfrjzpfwJhArmawGu jynfe,fawGjzpfwJhwkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;awGtay:vGrf;rdk;csKyfudkifxm;vdk@ tESpfom&t& wjynfaxmifpepfjzpfaew,f? 'DzGJ@pnf;yHkudk'dkifcHa&;om;cJhol OD;csefxGef;udk,fwdkif 0efcHcJh+yD;jzpfw,f? 'DzGJ@pnf;yHk tajccHOya'rSm tm;enf;csufawG±SdcJhayr,fhjynfaxmifpkuaecGJxGufzdk@ b,fjynfe,furS awmif;qdkchJjcif;r±Sdygbl;? bma=umifhvnf;qkdawmh EdkifiHi,fav;eJ@&yfwnfzdk@qdkwmtE W&m,f}uD;rm;a=umif; tm;vHk;em;vnf=uygw,f?

1947 zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya't& u&if/ rGefESifh&cdkifawGbmtcGifhta&;rS r&cJh=uygbl;? 'gudkrauseyfvdk@awmif;qdk=uwmukdt=urf;enf;eJ@ajz±Sif;vdk@ wkdif;&if;om;awG&J@awmfvSefykefuefr_ pwifvmcJh&w,f? 'DvkdyGJ=urf;+yD;rS 1951 rSmu&ifjynfe,fudkazmfxkwfay;cJhw,f? 'gayr,fhajrjyef@eJ@ urf;±dk;wef;rSm±SdwJh rGefeJ@&cdkifawGudkawmhtcGifhta&;ray;yJ Armpm&if;oGyfoGif;+yD; zHk;uG,f0g;rsKdcJh=uw,f?

(2) oD;jcm;pD&yfwnfaexdkifEdkifwJhtajctae

vlrsKd;pk}uD; 8 rsKd;xJrSm ArmuvGJ&if usefwJhvlrsKd;awG[me,fpyfrsOf;wpfav#mufrSm ol@ae&meJ@ol pDwef;+yD;±Sdae=uw,f?olwdk@rSmoD;jcm;bmompum;/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r_awG ±Sdae=uw,f?vuf±Sdrdrda'oawGrSm ESpfaygif;&maxmifcsD+yD; tajccsaexkdifvmcJh=uw,f? ‚if;wkd@rSmvlOD;a&t&vnf; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;eJ@ pkpkpnf;pnf;±Sdae=uw,f? a'owGif;pD;yGm;a&;tajccHeJ@&yfwnfEdkifwJhtaetxm;±Sdw,f? rdrdwdk@trsKd;om;uH=urRmudkzefwD;cGifh&zkd@ jyif;xefwJh

Shan Herald Agency for News 37

INDEPENDENCE

qENeJ@ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm ±kef;uefv_yf±Sm;cJh=uw,f? 'gawG[m trsKd;om;tvkdufoD;jcm;&yfwnfaexkdifEdkifwJh tajccHvuQ%mawGjzpfw,f? 'Davmufxifxif±Sm;±Sm; ckdifckdifrmrm±Sdaewmudk rsufuG,fðy+yD;enf;aygif;pHkeJ@zdESdyfum ArmjzpfoGm;atmif0g;rsKd azsmufzsufwmudk vlrsKd;pkrsm;vufoifhcH=urSm[kwfbl;?

(3) wef;wlnDr#a&;rSpkpnf;nD!Gwfr_±Sdap&ef

vlom;awG[mobm0t& pkpnf;nDnGwfr_udk vdkvm;=uw,f? pkpnf;nD!GwfrSvnf; tiftm;±Sdr,f? tiftm;±SdrSvnf;obm0tE W&,fjyifyu&efðyvmwJhtE W&m,fudk umuG,fckcHEdkifrSmjzpfw,f? pkpnf;nD!Gwfr_±SdrSvnf; at;csrf;+yD;wdk;wufwJhb0udk&±SdEdkifrSmjzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh pkpnf;nD!Gwfr_udk vlwkdif;vkdvm;wmjzpfw,f? pkpnf;nD!Gwfr_wnfaqmufEkdifzkd@twGuf tajccHvdktyfcsufuawmh wef;wlnDr#r_±Sda&;jzpfw,f? r±Sdtwl/ ±Sdtwlat;twlyltr# tcGifhta&;eJ@ tcGifhtm%mawGnDr#zkd@vdkw,f?vlwpfOD;csif;t&a&m vlwpfpkcsif;/ vlwpfrsKd;csif;/ wpfbmomcsif;utp tcGifhta&;nDr#zkd@vkdw,f? ordkif; rSm vlrsKd;/ udk;uG,f&mbmom/ tom;a&mifZmwfedrfh/ Zmwfjrifhtay:tajccH+yD; tcGifhta&;eJ@tcGifhtm%mawG cGJjcm;cJhjcif;±Sdvdk@ ppfyGJawG/ vlowfyGJawGjzpfcJh=uwmrsm;+yD;? 'gawGudkoifcef;pm,l+yD; +idrf;csrf;wJhurBm}uD;jzpfatmifwnfaqmufaewJhumvrSm rdrdvlrsKd;twGuftcGifhta&;tm%mydk,lxm;wm[m rSm;,Gif;wJhoabmxm; rSm;,Gif;wJh vkyf&yfjzpfw,f? rdrdyk*~dKvftusKd;/ tkyfpktusKd;/vlrsKd;tusKd;/bmomtusKd;udkom OD;pm;ay;wwfwJhvlawG[m vltrsm;udkpkpnf;vkd@r&Edkifyg?

1947 zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya't& wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pktcsKd@udk tcGifhta&;bmr#ray;/ vlrsKd;pktcsKd@udk jynfe,fawGay;xm;ayr,fh ArmawGv$rf;rdk;wJhjynfratmufrSmxm;±SdcJhwma=umifh tm%meJ@tcGifhta&;wef;wlnDr#apa&;twGuf zuf'&,fjynfaxmif

pkzGJ@pnf;zkd@awmif;qkdv_yf±Sm;cJh=uwmjzpfw,f? 'Dvdkawmif;qdkwmudk cGJxGufa&;vdk@wHqdyfuyf+yD; ppfwyfutm%modrf;cJhw,f? +yD;awmh wpfygwDtm%m±SifpepfeJ@tkyfcsKyfcJhw,f? ppfwyfydkrkdwkd;csJ@+yD;vufeufudkifawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkawGudk xkd;ppfqifwkdufcdkufcJhw,f? wkdif;&if;om;jynfe,fawG&J@ tcGifhtm%mawGudk xyf av#mhcs+yD;uGyfuJa&;tzGJ@rSm ppfAdkvfawGxnfhoGif;csKyfukdifapcJhw,f? jynfwGif;ppfrD;csKyf+idrf;roGm;bJ ydkrdk}uD;xGm;us,fjyef@vmcJhw,f? wkdif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pHk vufeufudkifawmfvSefvm=uw,f? tm%modrf;ppftpdk;&uvnf; ppfqifa&;ydkrdkxda&muf atmifjrifapzkd@olykefawGudktaxmuftuljzpfw,fvdk@,lq&wJhvlxkudk zrf;qD;owfjzwfarmif;xkwfrk'drf;usifhwmawGrsm;vmw,f? wpf zufrSmppfqifa&;udktaxmuftuljzpfapzkd@ vlxkudkvdkufvHzrf; qD;+yD;txrf;orm;tjzpf/ AHk;±Sif;ud&d,mtjzpf toHk;ðycJh=uw,f?

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38 Vol. 27, No. 267, 2010

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Shan Herald Agency for News 39

INDEPENDENCE

(22.06.2010)

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OPEN SOCIETY INSTITUTE

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