kritika - dspace.nplg.gov.gedspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/141232/1/Kritika_2014_N9.pdf · rCeuliSvilis teqstebSi kodirebuli informacia rTuli, kombinirebuli xasiaTisaa. igi Sedgeba

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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

kritika

#9

Tbilisi

2014

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UDK(uak)

redaqtori manana kvaWantiraZe

saredaqcio sabWo:

lali avalianiTeimuraz doiaSviliTamaz vasaZeani kldiaSvililela oCiauriirma ratianimaka joxaZe

garekanis dizaini:

soso tabucaZe

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi,merab kostavas q. # 5tel. 99-53-00; E-mail: [email protected]

ISNN

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g u r a m r C e u l i S v i l i _ 8 0 *

manana kvaWantiraZe

guram rCeuliSvilis teqsti 50-iani wlebisrealobis konteqstSi

istoriis gardamavali etapebebze gansakuTrebuli sim-

wvaviT dgeba RirebulebaTa da maTTan dakavSirebul mniS-vnelobaTa identobis prob lema. saxelovnebo sferoSi igi gadaizrdeba Janrebisa da formalur-sti listur saSuale-baTa sazRvrebis problemaSi, rac, Tavis mxriv, gulis xmobs enisa da cnobierebis intencias gafarToebisken, axal codnas sam yaroze, adamian ze, drosa da sivrceze, maT kavSirebsa da urTi erTmimarTebebze, da Sesabamisad, salite raturo norme-bisa da kano nebis rRvevas. am dros ena da cnobiereba tovebs nawarmoebis, rogorc tradi ciuli litera tu ruli formis normatiul sazRvrebs da gadis teqstis sivrceSi, romelic literaturul-esTetikur Rirebu le ba Ta sxva xedvasa da Txroba-asaxvis gansxvavebul principebs emorCileba.

es zogadad. am tendenciebma aSkarad iCines Tavs 50-iani wlebis qar Tul li teraturaSi da gansakuTrebiT radikalu-rad _ guram rCeuliS vil Tan. mis werilebSi, dRiurebsa da CanawerebSi araerTi mosazrebaa ga moT qmu li literaturis Teoriul da esTetikur problemebze, mis fun qci aze ax al realobasTan mimarTebaSi, sakuTar nawarmoebTan avtoris da-moki debu lebaze. amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom es araa SemTx-veviTi mo saz rebebi axalgazrda literatorisa, romelsac igi SemoqmedebiTi muSaobisas spon tanurad CainiSnavs xolme. esaa myari ori en ti re bi rCeu liSvilis msoflmxedvelobriv-esTetikur SexedulebebSi ga sar kvevad da misi adgilis swo-rad gansasazRvrad qarTuli literaturis is toriaSi. * 2014 wlis 21 maiss SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutSi Catarda guram rCeuliSvilis dabadebidan 80 wlisTavis aRsaniSnavi saiubileo samec-niero sesia. rubrikaSi warmodgenilia sesiaze wakiTxuli moxsenebebi.

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rCeuliSvilis literaturuli memkvidreobis nawili aSkarad See saba meba teqstis cnebas Tavisi rTuli, araerT-mniSvnelovani enobrivi struq tu riT, mniSvnelobaTa ga-farToebis principiT, Txrobis Tavisufa li sti liT da sxv.: avtori ar isaxavs saTqmelis, teqstis aRsaniSnis mkafi od gamokveTas: `ra azri unda gamovitanoT? mag mxriv sruli uaz roba unda iyos Cemi piesa~ (g. rCeuliSvili. TxzulebaTa sruli krebu li eqvs tomad. t.4, gv.146); ar zRudavs Txrobas mkacr siuJetur-kompozi ciur Car CoTi (`Se saZlebeli rom iyos literaturulad, me am ambavs davto vebdi ubo lood~ (3, 416); saTqmelamde misasvlelad araerTgvarovan, xSi rad àra-literaturul~ masalas iyenebs (istoriuls, biografiuls, do ku men turs da a. S.). igi Txrobis TviTdinebis imitacias qm-nis: Txroba TiT qos Tvi Tonve ganagebs avtoris nebas _ `min-doba kalamze~ (5, 435); pie sas arqmevs `sul xans” da SeniSnavs: `piesa originaluria imiT, rom hqvia sulxani, romelic saer-Tod ar Cans. azri: azri ara aqvs~ (5, 472 ). SemoqmedebiTi pro-cesis sabediswero xasiaTze erTgan wers: ̀ Cems Tavze sruliad mou lodnelad daemxo Semoqmedeba da Tanac araCveulebrivi sabediswero Za liT CamiTria Tavis uflebebSi…...…~ (5. 394). igi amocnobis, mig nebis poe tikas gvTavazobs. am TvalsazrisiT, rCeuliSvilis teqstebi war moadgenen mniSvnelovan siaxles XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi.

aRniSnuli specifikaciebis gamo mizanSewonilad mig-vaCnia, rCeuliS vilis nawarmoebebi ganvixiloT rogorc teq-stebi: rogorc gareTa, oRond rTuli zedapiri siRrmisa; rogorc gacxadeba, niSani raRac fa li kodisa, romlic iqmneba qveteqstiTa da metateqstiT, da imTaviTve, Signidanve axlavs teqstis faqturas, rogorc misi ganuyofeli, metic, mwerlis TviT yvelaze bundovani Canafiqris ganmsazRvreli naw ili. am Tval sazrisiT, teqstis gageba guram rCeuliSvilTan radika-lu rad gan sxvavdeba postmodern istulisgan, sadac teqsti da kon teqsti gaTi Sulia da teqsti Tavsdeba araavTentur konteqstSi.

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rCeuliSvilis teqstebi warmoadgens sxvadasxva ti-pis teqstebis _ is to riulis, dokumentur-biografiulis, fsiqosomaturis da a.S. _ Tana ar se bobis sivrces da maT mxatvrul-stilistur gardasaxvas: erTgan wers: àra sodes avtori ise axlos ar misula Tavis nawar moebTan, ro go rc es Cvens epoqaSia~ (5, 431). es àxlos misvla~ aris swo red teqs-tis ga Cenis aucilebeli piroba. teqsti am siaxloviTaa de-ter minirebuli, misi nebiT iqsoveba (maTYSoris, sxeulebrivi siaxloviTac weris procesSi) da Tavi suflebasTan erTad avtorsa da mis enas (cnobierebas) Soris am Si na gan determi-nacias gamoxatavs. swored es faqtori aqcevs teq sts sain-tereso sakvlev masalad. rogorc baxtini ambobs, `sadac ar aris teq sti, iq arc sakvlevi da saazrovno obieqtia~ (Вахтин М.М. Эстетика словсного творчества. М. «Искусство» 1979. gv. 281). rCeu liSvilis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, amgvari faqturis Seqm-nis moT xov nilebas, Rrma SemoqmedebiT intui cias Tan erTad, warmarTavda yofie rebisa da cnobierebis urTierTmimarTe-bis axali, postklasikuri Teori ebi, maT Soris egzistenci-alizmi, fenome no logia, struqtu ra lizmi, rom liTac imxanad gajerebuli iyo inteleq tu aluri siv rce mTel dasavleTSi da garkveulwilad, sabWoTa kavSirSic.

rCeuliSvilis teqstebSi kodirebuli informacia rTuli, kombinire buli xasiaTisaa. igi Sedgeba msoflmxedvelobrivi, fsiqikuri, genetikuri, inteleqtualuri kodebisa da Sre-ebisagan da qmnis azrisa da gancdis erTian teqstualur re-alobas, romelSic damatebiTi saxiT kodi rebulia avtorisa da misi epoqis socialuri, istoriul-kulturuli, su li eri, inteleqtualuri informacia. gasaTvaliswinebe lia, rom rogorc gan sxva vebul enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT formebze, rCeuliSvilis teq stebze vsaubrobT ara nawarmoebi/teqstis opoziciis konteqstSi, ara med maTi Tavisufali Tanaarse-bobis konteqstSi mwerlis mier dasaxuli Se moq medebiTi amocanis Sesabamisad. am Tavisuflebis miRma mis mierve mka-fiod gacxadebuli, farTo kulturuli da ideologiuri mniSvnelobis mi za ni da Sesabamisi mxatvrul-esTetikuri

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amocana unda amo vikiTxoT, maT Soris: `bundovaneba, romlis yvela nawili sinaTliT sunTqavs (4, 419); gulwrfeloba: `xe-lovnebas mxolod gulwrfeloba swams~ (3, 401); da rac misi Semoqmedebis SefasebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, qarTveli kacis wardgena Tanamedrove epoqisTvis. vaxtang WeliZisadmi miweril gaugzavnel werilSi is saubrobs Tavis survilze `zogadi qarTvelis Seqmnisa~: ài, Cemi zogadi lit-eraturuli survilebi: Sevqmna Tanamedrove qarTveli adami-ani Tavisi mkveTrad gamoxatuli da gansxvavebuli vnebebiT _ tragikuli da sasacilo~ (3, 403). aseve wers Zveli Taobebis sisxlze mis ZarRvebSi, sicocxlis Semmecnebel ganax lebul intuiciaze axal droSi da misiis SegrZnebaze (5, 435).

am Canaweris konteqsti Zalze farToa da misi erTi veq-tori, vfiqrobT, asociaciurad ukavSirdeba 20-iani wlebis qarTuli moder nistuli mwerlobis mesianistur motivebs, radgan, rogorc misi Cana werebidan irkveva, rCeuliSvils iseve, rogorc qarTul mwerlobas zoga dad, arasdros gauzi-arebia saqarTvelos verSemdgar istoriul misiaze nikolo miwiSvilis pozicia.

guram rCeuliSvili araCveulebrivi siRrmiT grZnobs epoqas da gamarjvebis yiJinis nacvlad krizisis mauwyebeli xmebi esmis: `teqnikis aseT progresTan erTad moxda erTi adamianis rolis aSkara dacema~ (5, 418). igi saxeSi uyurebs dros da swor arCevans akeTebs: erTi adamianis nebisyofasa da Tavisuflebis nebas mimarTavs situaciis cvlilebisken. brZolis asparezad igi mwerlobas irCevs: `vgrZnob Cems Tav-ze viRacis daRlis vermoSorebas, rac TviTon winadadebis dawyebaSic ki miSlis xels. SeiZleba Tu ara, Tu es marTlac dekadansis boloa, vaqcio igi re ne sansad Cemive TavSi~ (er-lom axvledianisadmi miwerili werilidan. 5, 390). Zlieri inteleqti da uCveulod gamaxvilebuli SemoqmedebiTi in-tui cia uRviZebs survils, dekadansisgan Seqmnas renesansi, `nerviuli saukunis~ is toriuli kanonzomierebis konteqst-Si gaiazros Tavisi `gasakeTebeli saqmec~: ès aris nerviuli saukune _ karebis Wrialic ki saSinlad moqmedebs adamianze,

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es aris adamianis vnebebis saSineli dawvrimaleba _ mis mier istoriuli kanonzomierebiT dasaxuli gasakeTebeli saqmis monu mentalurobasTan ucnaur kavSirSi myofi~ (5, 430).

dRes, SesaZloa, aRarc ise Znelia dainaxo es ucnauri kav-Siri, magram 50-ian wlebis bolos radikalurad gansxvave-buli mocemulobebis, struqturebis es ùcnauri kavSirebi~ mxolod erTeulebis, gnebavT, aTeulebis mier Tu aRiqmeboda mTeli siRrmiT. ufro metic, erTi cal keuli adamianis misi-isa Tu funqciis aRqma am kavSirebis konteqstSi, da rac mTa-varia, misi saqmed qceva pirovnuli nebisa da Tavisuflebis metafizikuri determinaciis srul aRiarebas niSnavda da sam-yaroSi adamianis misis pirdapiri miniSneba iyo. am konteqstSi Tavdayira dgeboda pirovnebisa da masis rolTa ganawilebis Teoria da Tanasworoba-Tavisuflebis konceptebis urTier-Sesabamisoba. swored `gasakeTebeli saq mis~ es monumenta-lizmi SeigrZno da irwmuna guramma, xolo misiis SegrZnebam ukarnaxa aramxolod eTikurad, esTetikuradac gamijvnoda sevdas: `sevda – mudmivi da zizRamde mosawyeni...~.

am amocanebis fonze mniSvnelovan datvirTvas iZens misi mkafio da principuli damokidebuleba Sefasebis procesis mimarT. rogorc Cans, gu ra misTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania in-terpretaciisa da analizis sazRvrebis problema. igi icavs avtoris uflebas da ewinaaRmdegeba teqstze Zala do bas: `drom moiTxova mimeca Cemi moTxrobebisaTvis ideologi-uri saw yisi, biZgi im SeuCveveli kulturuli mkiTxvelisaT-vis, visac sul hemin guei, remarki, dasavluri sevda eCveneba yvelgan. maT es moTxrobebi unda aRiqvan ise, rogorc avtori fiqrobs da ar daamaxinjon, ufro metic, Sari ar mosdon sxva mxridan~ (3, 404).

Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisa da mkvlevarisaTvis sruliad cxadia, rom gu ram rCeuliSvilma warmatebiT gadaWra dasa-xuli amocana: Seqmna Tana med rove qarTvelis rTuli saxe, raindul-romantikulis nazavi, don-kixo tu ri elferiTa da survilTa winaaRmdegobebisa da araealisturi masSta bebis gamo (`survilTa diadobani~) _ dramatuli. mxatvrul saxe-

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ebSi moaq cia `msoflio vnebiT Sepyrobili qarTvelis su-lieri silaRe misuli mis teriul Zaxilamde~ (3, 403). àlaver-dobis~ gmiris Zaxili àu~, romel Sic kulturuli identobiT mogvrili siamayis gaziarebis eqstazic ikiTxeba, pirdapiri gamoxatulebaa am Zaxilisa. am saxis gansxvavebul variantebs vxedavT àlaverdobis~ guramSic, usaxelo ufliscixelSic, mzia WinWaraulSic, iulonSic, naTelaSic, ZaganiaSic.

50-iani wlebSi ganviTarebul cnobil politikur movle-nebsa da imperiis ideologiuri safuZvlebis ryevas 60-70-iani wlebis literaturam TandaTan gaazrebulad da mizanmi-marTulad daupirispira erovnuli ideologiis gaZliereba, misi dabruneba marginaluridan centralur pozi ciaze. am saerTo tendencias, romelic, faqtobrivad, “soveturi” so-ciumis ideologiur sivrceSive, magram mis ìatakqveSeTSi” aRmocenda, sxvebTan erTad, guram rCeuliSvilic edga saTaveSi.

mwerloba misTvis Zalauflebis diskursia, magram misi perver sire buli saxeoba: `Zalaufleba _ ai, ra mindoda me da ris ananizmsac warmo ad gens CemTvis literatura _ qalebis saqme.

sxva aris filosofia da dokumenturi nawerebi _ es pirdapiri gzaa Zala uflebisaken.”(5, 389) ganvmartoT: gura-mi aq subieqtur Sexedulebas gamoTqvams Tavis Tanamedrove literaturaze da mas afasebs, rogorc realurad Zalaufle-badakargul, aramamakacur, Sesabamisad, uZlur da sevdian-sentimentalur, `qalur~ saqmianobas (`...heminguei, remarki da dasav luri sevda...~) Tanamedrove qarTvelis saxis Seqm-nis zeambiciur da imavdro ulad, Zalze Rirseul saqmeSi igi am, mis mierve ironizebul sev dasTan dapirispirebas isaxavs miznad (sxvaTa Soris, Tu miTxvels axsovs, arc sevdiani per-sonaJebi Seuqmnia), anu axali gmiris Seqmnas, romelsac Tavisi faruli, magram mtkice mizani amoZravebs: warmoaCinos qar-Tuli erovnuli potencia gardaqmnisa, cvlilebebis Setani-sa istoriulad determinirebul garemoSi, anu daupirispir-des determinacias `qarTuli vnebiT~ da TviTonve Seqmnas situacia (egzistencialisturi gagebiT), ro gorc Tavisuf-

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lebis piroba da sarealizacio sivrce. mokled, mwerlobis meSveobiT igi arsebuli kulturul-ideologiuri sivrcis Secvlas isa xavs miznad, rac aRniSnul droiT konteqstSi sxva araferia, Tu ara sab Wo uri kliSeebisgan am sivrcis gan-Tavisuflebis, gnebavT, dekon struq ciis amocana erovnul RirebulebaTa aRdgenis misiiT. am mosazrebis ar gumentad ueWvelad gamodgeba erlom axvledianisadmi gagzavnili weri lis is fragmenti, sadac is Zalauflebis pirdapir, umeS-veo dis kursebze _ `filosofiaze da dokumentur nawere-bze~ saubrobs. es Rrma da winas war metyveluri dakvirveba xom istoriis ganviTarebamac cxadyo: dRes TiTqmis aRaravin dovobs imaze, rom dekonstruqciisa da kulturuli globa-lizaciis amocanas swored filosofiisa da istoriis safuZ-vlebis dekonstruqcia warmoadgens (antilogocentrizmi, àxali istorizmi~), rom aRa raferi vTqvaT perversirebul mwerlobaze, romelic Tavisi ganvi Tarebis postmpodernis-tul etapze seriozulidan gasarTob saqmia no badaa qceuli da marTlac mravalmxriv perversirebulia.

gurami pirdapir laparakobs Tavisi gadawyvetilebis mizezebze: `didia, am mxriv, Cemi SemoqmedebiTi ganzraxvebi gamowveuli im tkiviliT, romel sac Cemi saqarTvelos sipa-tarave, ususuroba iwvevs…”(3, 402). gurami asa xe lebs qarTu-li xasiaTis zog Tvisebas: ùdides gaqanebas, artistizms da wvril bunebovan Tvisebebs, romlebic mTel msoflios wvdeba”, maga liTad mohyavs rusTaveli, baraTaSvili, saaka-Ze, stalini (3, 402).igi ama yia, rom aris èrTa Soris yvelaze adamianuri eris Svili…(3, 402). SeiZ leba iTqvas, rom qarTuli xasiaTis amgvari Sefaseba momdevno aTwle ul ebSi erovnu-li TviTSefasebis tradiciul modelad yalibdeba qar Tul mwer lobaSi. guram asaTiani `saTaveebSi” sazogadoebas sTava-zobs `zo gis Tvis metismetad martiv~, TavisTavad ki Zalze mniSvnelovan dakvir vebas, rom `qarTuli xasiaTis arsismieri Tviseba adamianurobaa~. àda mianu ro bis~ SezRudvas ukav-Sirebs igi `kacobriobis xangrZliv sulier dra mas~, ama ve TvisebaSi Wvrets qarTuli kulturis gadarCenis onTolo-

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giur mizez sac. qarTuli xasiaTis am dominantur bgeras eZeb-da igi Cveni sul ieri evoluciis aTaswlovan gzaze da swored misi Senar Cuneba miaCnda qar Tuli sulie rebis yvelaze gamor-Ceul Rvawlad (g. asaTiani. oTxto meu li, t.2., gv. 91)

teqstis sazRvrebi bevrwiladaa damokidebuli avtorisa da personaJis urTierTmimarTebaze. teqstis problemas gardamaval etapebze swored am sazRvrebis, anu urTierT-mimarTebaTa dadgenili normebis, myari Janruli kanoneb-is, literaturuli warmodgenebisa da molodinebis ngreva iwvevs. sazRvrebis mimarT gaCenili eWvi magistralur xazad gasdevs gardatexis procesebs humanitarul sferoebSi (Semo-qmedebiT-saxelovneboSic da sa mec nieroSic). am tenden ci ebs, romelic 50-iani wlebidan iwyeba da mniS ne lovani saxecv-lilebebiT, dRemde grZeldeba _ oRond radika lu rad gan-sxvavebul politikur da ideologiur konteqstSi _ aSkarad gamoxa tavs rCe u liSvilis Semoqmedeba, Tavisi gansakuTreb-uli interesiT Semoq medebis sazRvrebis mimarT, formisa da masalis damakavSirebeli axali gzebis ZiebebiT.

interteqstualoba, rogorc teqstebs Soris gadaZaxili, literatu ris ganviTarebis am etapze Zalze specifikuria da radikalurad gan sxvavdeba interteqstualobis postmod-ernistuli gagebisagan. esaa spon tanuri, araracionalizebu-li, tradiciiT nasazrdoebi Sexmianeba ar se bul teqstebTan an teqstualur konceptebTan. cnobiereba cdilobs moi-po vos meti informacia samyaroze, adamianze, droze. Sesa-bamisad, ena to vebs normirebul sazRvrebs axali amocanis gadasaWrelad, aseve tovebs teq stis sakuTar sazRvrebs sxva teqstebTan dialogis mizniT, gadis teqstebis saerTo sivrceSi gansxavavebuli Tu gamotovebuli cod nis, xedvis mosapoveblad. igi mimarTavs arsebul teqstebs, rogorc cod nisa da gamocdilebis rezervuars, dialogis aucilebel monawiles (mogvi anebiT postmodernizmma igi mizanmimarTul qmedebad aqcia arse buli ko dis dekonstruqciisa da misi xe-laxali racionalizaciis mizniT. post modernizmSi teqstebs Soris urTierToba araTanasworuflebiania. axali teqsti

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Zvels (teqsti _ interteqsts), ZiriTadad, iyenebs iro nize-bis miz niT, Zaladobs masze: Slis mis semantikur struqtu-ras, aclis konteqsts da aiZulebs urTierTobas misTvis uc-nob, miuRebel da mtrul konteq stebTan. am gziT igi arRvevs Rirebu lebaTa ierarqiul sistemas da xmis uflebas arTmevs Zveli teqstis aRsaniSns, anu Semoaqvs igi axal teqstSi sa-kuTari xmis armqone formaluri niSnis saxiT). 50-ian wlebSi inter teqstualoba sxva araferia, Tu ara gaucnobierebeli Tu gacno bie rebuli gadaZaxili teqstebs Soris dialoguri principiT, teqstis mexsierebis gafarToeba sxva teqste-bis meSveobiT anu aqtiuri urTierT aRiareba, cnobierebaTa dialogi saerTo saazrovno velis konstruirebis mizniT. aq teqstebi aramarto avtorTa cnobierebis dialogis formiT gvev li ne bi an, aramed drois niSnebis saxiTac.

interteqstualobis saintereso magaliTia àlaverdo-ba~. aq ori aspeq tiT SeiZleba saubari: 1. qcevis interteqsti: cxenze amxedreba, rogorc Tavisuflebisaken swrafvis, gare-mosadmi protestis, mokled, subieqtis nebis gaaqtiurebis qceva-niSani, imavdroulad warmo ad gens kulturul-lite-raturuli tradiciis niSans, da cxadia, Zvelis restavraci-is mcdeloba ufroa, vidre garemos Sesatyvisi aRmniSvneli. guram isTvis igi qarTuli metateqstis aucilebeli nawil-ia, rogorc rainduli epoqis xsovnis niSani da humanisturi kodis ganuyreli struq tura, romelic imavdroulad mis pirovnul-adamianur kods exmianeba. mas moswons cxenis si-maRlidan danaxuli samyaro. am simaRlidan adamiani jer kidev inarCunebs janmrTel xedvas da Sefasebas sakuTar adgilze da rolze samyaroSi, am simaRlidan igi isev sam-yaros nawilia, misi mcveli da modaraje, misi biologiur da moralur erTianobaze mzrunveli. xedvis es proporciebi irRveva kosmosidan mzirali adami anisTvis, roca mzrun-vel, cnobismoyvare da mWvretelobiT xedvas enac vleba ga-remosTan dapirispirebuli, ambiciuri, samyaros Semoqmed-Tan metoqeobis Sepyrobi li adamianis qedmaRluri pozicia, Zalauflebis nebis demonstrirebis survili. es aqti inter-

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teqstualurad exmianeba baraTaSvilis `merans” da yvela im kulturul teqsts, sadac cxenze amxedrebuli adamianis srbo-las aqvs gansakuTrebulisi simbolur-niSnuri datvirTva. cxeniT gaWra Tavisufal sivrceSi gamoxatavs ada mianis Tav-isuflebis wyurvils, garemos Secvlisken mimarTul nebas da ltolvas, an, ubralod, moZraobis ritmis Secvalas, rogorc ganacxads sakuTar yofierebaze. am konteqstSi cxeni da mxe-dari, rogorc mara di uli cvlilebis, moZraobis, swrafvi-sa da Senebis (gzis, tradiciis, xidis) ideis aRmniSvneli, zustad ewereba garemos, rogorc zogadi teqstis uRrmes simbolurobaSi da war moadgens qarTuli kulturuli ko-dis aucilebel Semadgenels, Rire bulebaTa sistemis nawils da simbolur niSans. baraTaSvilTanac da rCeuliSvilTanac swored saqme, qmede baa pirveladi da mxolod Semdeg _ si-tyva, daskvna, gamocdileba. isini winaswar-metyvelebi ki ar arian, aramed _ wina-mZRolebi, wina-morbedebi, anu mwerlur sityvas qmedebad gaiazreben da ara mxolod verbalur komunikaciad.

rac Seexeba individualur kods, ise Cans, rom gurami sa-kuTari nebisa da swrafvis problemas yofierebismieri sim-bolurobis (=wes ri gis) konteq stSi gaiazrebs. misi mxedari iracionaluri, umizno da uSedego Tavisuf lebis xati ki araa, aramed pasuxi kiTxva ze: Tavi suf leba ris Tvis. gzis, miz nis ideis Temati zebas swored amgvari plas tika sWirdeba, ambis swo red aseTi ganviTareba, adamianebTan mobruneba da ara usasru lobaSi da t o veba, sadac Tavisufleba TviTmiza-nia (magaliTad, sartrTan arCeva nis Tavi sufleba araa Sede-gze orientire buli da rogorc yofie re bas Tan Sexvedris aqti, TavisTavad atarebs SiSvel filosofiur mux ts). srbo-lis bolos baraTaSvilic Riad axdens Tavisuflebis Sede-gis konsta tacias, aZlevs mas azrsa da daniSnulebas: `rom Cems Semdgomad moZmesa Cemsa~ da a.S. moqmedebis aseTi dasas-ruli romantikosebTan sav sebiT logikuria, guramTan igi kidev ufro Sors midis da konkretul Se degSi gadaizrdeba _ pirovnebis mier miRebuli egzistencialuri gamoc dile-

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ba àtmosferulad~ ifanteba da dabneuli brbo wamierad erTiandeba.

srbolis, moZraobis, moqmedebis mizans orivesTan war-moadgens moZme, Seniani, dagvari, romelTan urTierTobasac _ Tanadroulsac da istori ulsac _ warmarTavs gamocdile-bis gaziareba, gzis gakvalva, magaliTis Za la. àlaverdobaSi” rCeuliSvilma aRadgina gasuli aTwleulebis ideo logiuri wnexisgan dekonstruirebuli RirebulebaTa sistema da mkafiod Camoayaliba sakuTari Sexeduleba mwerlis saqmi-anobaze, rogorc zrunva da msxverpli: `saerTod, Semoqme-debis yvelaze seriozul wleb Siac ki Zalian Znelia gaerkve, rom Semoqmedeba ar aris egoisturi, Seni survilebis aucile-beli gansaxiereba, aramed swored is aucilebeli, gardauvali msxverplia, rasac iTxovs adamiani Tavisi Zmisagan... (5, 396).

konteqsti, rogorc Tanamedrove sociokulturuli re-aloba, adamianis biografia, garemo, mnemonuri niSnebi da a.S., _ da metateqsti, rogorc istoria, kultura, tradicia, zogadadamianuri buneba, erovnuli xasiaTi _ rCeuliSvilis teqstebSi stratificirdeba mxolod analizisa da refleqsi-is Sedegad. teqstSi orive mTliani, erTiani saxiT arsebobs da aseve Semodis mkiTxvelis aRqmaSi _ garemosTan, faqtebT-an, realo basTan erTad. cxadia, konteqstsac da teqstsac TavTavianTi avtorebi hyavT, konteqsti warmarTavs teqsts intenciis saxiT, am intencias ki, ro gorc gamoxatvis val-debulebis matarebeli, axmovanebs avtoris Semoq medebiTi cnobiereba. istoriis metateqstisa da Tanamedrove konteq-stis di a logi swored avtoris xmaSia gaerTianebuli, swored konteqsti kar naxobs mTxrobels, rom aq `viRaceebi dabneu-lan”, rom arsebobs ma sis ga moRviZebis, dabneulobis gafan-tvis, istoriis, religiis gaazrebis aucilebloba: `Semzarav tragikomedias hgavs mTeli guSin deli lxinis bolo, amas emateba isic, rom is, saerTod, istoriuladac bolo dRea~ (3, 235. àlaverdobis~ Tavdapirveli varianti).

dabneuloba warmoadgens kulturuli da istoriuli kon-teqstis gan msaz Rvrel niSans guramis Tanamedrove realoba-

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Si. guramma unda gaar Rvios konteqsti da axerxebs kidec amas didi metateqstiT STa gonebuli (`mTeli am xedvis uzarmazar sivrceSi... erTad movardnil simfoniasaviT iRvreba... Seuc-noblad kanonzomieri, SeerTebuli grandi ozul usityvo SromasTan...~ _ àlaverdobis~ finali).

alaznis veli sicocxlis Temis polifoniuri damuSavebis realuri saxecaa da mxatvruli xatic, ufro zustad, maTi Sex-vedris metafizi kuri aqti gancdaSi, sityvaSi, teqstSi. magram am yvelafers erTi mniS vnelovani epizodi uZRvis win: Ramea. garemo sibnelesa da siCumeSia danTqmuli. gurami TiTqos samyaros Seqmnis pirvel dReebs eswreba. am siCumeSi iWreba simRera _ mo wesrigebuli kosmosis niSani, yvela drois xma-uriani uTqmelobis, `dab neulobis~, qaosis momawesrigebeli fone tikuri signali; bunebis mier moTxrobili sivrcis mSvid, Tanabar yofierebaSi `homo kantor” SemoiWreba, rogorc axa-li materia, talRa da energia, fantomi da emanacia raRac ufro diadis, logosis Zalisa... da mxolod axla, am wamidan dgeba `mTliani, unapiro dResaswauli alaznis velze~. esaa mistikuri wami da gurami mas aseve aRiqvams: yofierebis diadi metafizikuri erTianobis gacxadebad. amitom alaverdobis saerTo qsovilSi moTxrobis siuJetis es monakveTi uaRresad mniSvnelovania.

alaverdi da alaznis veli guramisTvis cocxali konteqs-tis droebiT `daviwyebuli~ segmentia (`Cven ori dRiT da-vibeniT~). gurami Tavidan qmnis am konteqsts, xelaxla rTavs yofierebis wreSi Tavisi mravalxmiani teq stiT: buneba, ada-miani, kultura, istoria, sociumi, ùcnauri arakavSiriT Sekruli uzarmazari mTvrali masis~ Rreoba Tu dResaswauli, warsuli, awmyo Tavis saTqmels ambobs, Tavis sazriss axmo-vanebs da farul kav Sir Si imyofeba erTmaneTTan. rom ara es kontrapunqti da `poli foni uro ba~ (baxtini) sivrcisa (teqs-turisa), rom ara es cocxali kontaqti isto riasTan (eg-zistencializmis mixed viT _ èrTaderT utyuari realo bas-Tan~, `substanciasTan, arsTan~) sava ra udoa, rom arc `didi dro~ gaxsni da Tavisis sazrisebis salaros mwerlis winaSe,

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arc gurams ewveoda yvelafris gamamTlianebeli, damamk vid-rebeli azri, romelic, faq tob rivad, sicocxlis sazriss karnaxobs mis maZiebel gonebas: `vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebuliT tkbobaSi~. moTxrobis finali _ xalxisa da pirovnebis, realobis teqstisa da istoriuli metateqstis es wamieri erTianoba egzistenciis gacxadebis Jamia, anu nawili-sa da mTe lis, istoriisa da Tanamedroveobis usityvo dialo-gis mistikuri wami da gu ramis miznis kulminaciaa.

ai, ras wers guram rCeuliSvili ̀ suramis cixeze” muSaobi-sas dros Tan, realobasTan, epoqasTan adamianis urTierToba-ze, mis determi naciul bunebaze: `rac epoqisagan nabrZanebia, kaci masze maRla ver ava _ ubra lod, RmerTi ar miscems niWs _ am Savbnel Sua saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi Zegli cocxlad damarxvaa~ (5, 403). cocxlad damarxva, anu sicocx-lis gaqvaveba, rogorc Zegli da memoriali, rogorc sicoc-xlis mospobis gziT gamoxatuli istoriis niSani, xelwera da ana beWdi _ axali xedva da Sefasebaa suramis cixis legendisa, am tipis heroi za ciisadmi gamoTqmuli pirveli eWvi. gurami mas aRiqvams da afasebs, ro gorc istoriuli determinaciis saSinel Zaladobas adamianze ( `Sav bne li saukuneebi~). Tavis mxriv, guramis es xedva sxva araferia, Tua ara cnobili meta-foris `qvaSi gaacocxlas~ brwyinvale transversia: sicoc-xlis gaqvaveba anu Zeglad qceva Tavisi materialuri konota-ciebiT, ro ca saxe qvis saSualebiT ki ar cocxldeba, aramed piriqiT: coc xali ar si kvdeba qvaSi (miwaSi, uxeS da inertul materiaSi), raTa Seqmnas istoriis saxe da tragikuli xsovna. am movlenas gurami afasebs, rogorc gansakuTrebul unars, Semoqmedebad aqcio sikvdili da tanjva: `cixeSi damarxviT misi aSeneba Semoqmedebaa. Semoqmedeba... tkbobaa, xolo Cem-Tvis is tanjvad movlenila!~ (5, 404)

ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~ istoriasTan, rogorc meta-teqatTan gadaZaxi lia, romelic istoriaze mkafio pasuxis-mgeblobiTa da gmiris tipiT aramarto RirebulebaTa sivr-cis aRdgenas emsaxureba, aramed mxatvrul for mas aZlevs Tanasworobis ideis rTul, arautrirebul gaazrebasac.

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iseve rogorc àlaverdobaSi~, ùsaxeloSic~ moqmedebisa da swrafvis ideaa aqcentirebuli. qmedeba gamocxadebulia ada-mianuri daniSnulebis da samyaros winaSe misi saxis ganmsaz-Rvrel principad. mwerali ritmulad imeorebs personaJis moZraobas, TiTqos kadrs amravlebs, rom droSi ganmeorebis da maradiuli gzis koncepti Seqmnas. ufliscixis yru da ci-cabo kedeli im adamianTa gzis simboloa, rom lebic aq, uflis-cixeSi Tu sxvagan, maSin Tu mere, axla Tu momavalSi erTsa da imaves akeTebdnen istoriis msvlelobaSi _ Tavs wiravdnen TvistomisTvis, samSoblosaTvis. winaaRmdegobis, moZraobis, erTgulebisa da Tavganwirvis ideaTa simbolizacia adamianis mxatvrul saxeSi ar saWiroebs konkretul saxels. es erTis kosmosi ki ar aris, romelic saxelis Serqmevis onomasti-kuri aqtiT aRsruldeba, aramed mravalTa kosmosia _ aseTia ùsaxelo ufliscixelis~ sakmaod gamWvirvale mxat vruli Canafiqri da rCeuliSvilis eTikuri da esTetikuri pozicia erTisa da mravalis diqotomiis problemisadmi.

teqstis avtorobis problema 50-iani wlebidan mZafri Teoriuli dis kusiebisa da spekulaciebis sagani xdeba dasav-lur literaturaSi. avto ris problemis aqtualizeba gu-ram rCeuliSvilTan Zalze sagu lisxmo momentia qarTuli kulturuli cnobierebis ganviTarebis WrilSi da poststa-linur kulturul-ideologiur sivrceSi wamoWrili axali amo canebis mkafio Segnebaze metyvelebs: `mTeli am saukunis lite ra tura... melanqoliiTaa gaJRenTili... msoflioSi, Cemi azriT, arsebobs axla ori saxis melanqolia _ dasavlur-evropuli, ameriki TurT, da sabWouri. iqiT satira mTlianad Secvala uazro anglobam, uStrixo xum robam da ugrZnobo azrma, saidanac yovel nabijze sruliad daufaravad ipareba sa Sineli sicariele, daRliloba, umweoba... meore saxis me-lan qoliaa game febuli sabWoTa kavSirSi, aq ZiriTadi masa aRtacebulia ukiduresobamde yvelafriT... rac SeiZleba meti aRtaceba! aseTia lozun gi _ rom erTi mainc ar Cavard-es melanqoliaSi, Torem gadasdebs sxvas... melanqolikebSi Se-dis xalxi, romelic ar yviris, romelic azrovnebs _ yvelaze

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Seuwynarebelia es sityva da, me mgoni, orive banakisTvis... ada-mianTa vnebebis gamomxatvel xalxis, xelovnebis moRvaweTa saxeze da maTi nawarmoebis gmirTa aRnagobaSi gaqra yvelaze Zlieri adamianuri, dramatuli, artistuli elementi, dama-xasiaTebeli didi xelovnebisaTvis, saxelmwifo moRvawisT-vis, literaturisTvis _ Rrma ukmayofilebis gamomxatavi tanjva (скорбъ)... ucnaurad CaiSala da dawvrimalda es dide-buli grZnoba _ siamaye, скорбъ, igi Secvala lite ra turul Tu mxatvrul portretSi ukmayofilebis ierma da am ieris gau Tavebelma dacinvam... ikar geba siamaye da pativiscema, gamowveuli er Ti pirovnebisadmi; sru liad ikargeba arenidan filosofia (anu, doku men turobasTan erTad, `Zalauflebis diskursi~ _ m.k.), rogorc calke mec niereba, misi uki duresi daqucmacebis gamo; ispoba monoliTuri azrovneba, monoli-Turi pirov neba _ cocxali Tu xelovnebis gmiri. Cemi mogzau-roba (literaturuli. igulisxmeba misi ganuxorcielebeli Canafiqri, daewera nawarmoebi saTauriT `Sua saukuneebis mo-qalaqis mogzauroba meoce sau kuneSi~ – m. k.) tardeba, sabed-nierod Tu samwuxarod, adamianTa cnebebis im nawilSi, sadac aRtacebaa gamefebuli, mudmivad horizontis siSoreze myofi komunizmis saxeliT...~ (5, 418, 419, 420)

rogorc vxedavT, gurami msoflios dasavleT da aRmosav-leT sfero ebSi mimdinare procesebis saerTo xasiaTze da ganmasxvavebel niS nebze miu TiTebs da kargad xedavs Taname-drove mwerlobis sisustes, gaum klavdes maT. guramis Semo-qmedebiTi amocana avtorisa da misi per so naluri diskursis gaZlierebaa. im inteleqtualuri sivrcis para lelu rad, sa-dac àvtoris sikvdilis~ paradigma iSva, rogorc Cans, yali-bdeba alternatiuli SemoqmedebiTi sivrce, romelic post-stalinur etapze sab WoTa ideologiuri wnexis pirobebSi avtorisaTvis warTmeuli ufle bebis aRdgenaze acxadebs pretenzias da iwyebs im konceptebis win wamo we vas, romelic kulturuli ganviTarebis am etapze sabWoeTSi mcxovrebi ada-mianisTvis sasicocxlod aucilebeli iyo. amave perio didan eWvqveS dgeba yovlismcodne avtoris pozicia, personaJis

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Signidan Cvenebis, masze `Signidan” moyolis uflebamosileba. am mimarTulebiT 50-ianelTa Taobis intensiuri literatu-ruli Ziebebi bevr kiTxvaze iZleva pasuxs. risTvis dasWirda gurams teqstis Seqmnis istoriis aRwera da Setana teqstSi, mwerlis sakuTari saxelis aseTi aqtualizacia per sonaJebSi? subieqtis, avtoris, rogorc baxtini ityoda, `gamomsaxveli sawyisis~ aseTi aqcentirebuli, xilvadi xati? iyo Tu ara es gulwrfelobis problema, romelic mas ase awuxebs Tavis werilebsa da dRiurebSi, da romelic, rogorc Tema, aqcen-tirebulia ìulonSi~? wamoWril kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemis momwifebuli amocana Txrobis principebis ganaxlebas, avto-ris personaluri xmis identifikacias, avtorsa da personaJs Soris urTierTmimarTebaTa ganaxlebas karnaxobs guramsac. mas surs avtoris Sesustebuli uflebamosilebis aRdgena, teqstze misi Zalauflebis nebis xazgasma. amis Sedegia rCeu-liSvilTan ambis wina istoriis, dokumenturi faqtis Semot-ana moTxrobaSi (gavixsenoT: `...dokumenturi nawerebi _ esaa pirdapiri gza Zalauflebisaken~), me-mTxrobelis, me-isto-riis apeqtebis gaZliereba, avtoris personaJad qcevis mTeli procesis gamotana laboratoriidan, am procesis Sesatyvisi naratiuli formebi àlaverdobaSi~, ùsaxelo uflisci xel-Si~, ìrina da meSi~. ìulonSi~ avtori scenaze adis da person-aJad iqceva, riTac xazs usvams Tavis Zalauflebas da TviT gardasaxvis faqts.

mas ar akmayofilebs martooden sityvis ganmanawilebeli personis statusi, igi bedisweris avtoradac unda mogvev-linos. is ereva nawar moebSi rogorc monawile, personaJi da ukve Signidan warmarTavs da ganagebs moqmedebis ganviTare-bas. ̀ iulonSi~ Catarebuli avtori-mes uCve ulo eqsperimenti SemTxveviTi araa. dramaturgia mas ainteresebs, ro gorc av-toris sityvis Caurevlobis principi, arapirdapir, mxolod Cvene bis ZaliT gamovlenili mwerlis neba. piesaSi person-aJad SeWra am nebis, avtoris sruli Zalauflebis demontri-rebaa, romelsac 50-iani wlebis literaturul garemoSi, cx-adia, araordinaluri movlena gaxldaT da mas, savaraudod,

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seriozuli mizezebi da qveteqsti unda hqonoda, maT So ris, `moTvinierebis~ winaaRmdeg dawyebuli, qarTuli mwrlo-bis xangrZli vi da uSeRavaTo amboxi, avtorsa da personaJs, personaJebs, gmirsa da sociokulturul garemos, gmirsa da dros, dabolos, adamiansa da re Jims (farTo gagebiTac _ realoba, adamianis yofiereba, rogorc `reJimi~ da de ter-minacia) Soris ukonfliqtobis ideologiis daZleva. sxvaTa So ris, am Ziebebze nawilobriv pasuxs iZleva egzistencialis-turi proble ma ti kac, romelic am periodSi mTlianad faravs kulturul-saazrovno sivrces Tavisi na irgvari modifika-ciebiT da ra Tqma unda, qarTuli aqcentebiT. obieqturi istoriuli mizezebis gamo es filosofiuri mimar Tuleba òficialurad~ od nav mogvi anebiT Semodis qarTul sivrce-Si, Tumca udavoa, da arc maga li Tebis dasaxeleba gaWirdeba _ mTeli 50-iani wlebis literaturaSi, pro za Sic da poezi-aSic, kargad Cans am ideebis atmosferuli gavlenis kvali.

gurams surs, bunebrivi ganviTarebis kalapots daubrunos literatura, daabrunos SemoqmedebiTi gulwrfeloba, ata-nili hyavs am SesaZ leblobaze fiqrs da veeberTela Zalas axmars mis ganxorcielebas. es iyo garRveva _ Tavis buneb-rivobaSi, literaturuli (da sazogadoebrivi) kanonebidan da pirobiTobebidan Tavdaxsnils, moexdina Tavisuf lebis nebis demonstrireba mwerlobis scenaze, sadac is reJisor-ic iyo, drama turgic, msaxiobic, mTxrobelic da Semfasebe-lic _ anu adamianis SemoqmedebiT funqciaTa sinTezi. igi aq, `vermiRweulis vnebiT Sepyro bili~, personaJebis meSveobiT axorcielebs Tavis `sxvas”. mas ainteresebs, ra doziT, ra vi-TarebaSi da ra xarisxiTaa SesaZlebeli adamianis àmovardna” sakuTari `medan~ da sad gadis `meSi~ `sxvisi~ sazRvrebi.

rCeuliSvils seriozulad awuxebs SemoqmedebiTi gul-wrfelobis problema, romelic am periodis qarTul litera-turas idologiuri- da politikuri memkvidreobiT ergo im aucileblobasTan erTad, romelic onTologiuradaa Cade-buli TviT SemoqmedebiT aqtSi. am konteqstSi, gura mis Tval-Taxedvis areSi pirvelad eqceva faqtisa da artefaqtis opozi-cia: `me artisti var, rogor ucnauradac unda mogeCvenoT,

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scenaze, mxolod aq dgomis dros yvelaze gulwrfeli adami-ani~... (4, 220). realobisa da warmosaxvis (scenis), TamaSi-seri-ozulobis es opozicia droebiT saTamaSo moedanze gasvlis aucileblobaze metyvelebs, romlis drosac adamianis `me~ Tavis bunebriv, SeuzRudav mdgomareobas ubrun deba. gul-wrfeloba guramTan gaigeba, rogorc Sinagani Tavisuflebis sazomi; SemoqmedebiTi gulwrfeloba ki _ ro gorc am Tavi-suflebis yvelaze adeqvaturi forma, rogorc Zalauflebis nebis Ria da gamomwvevi demonstrireba. igi Rrmad SeigrZnobs gulwrfelobis ara mxolod eToss, aramed esTetizms, Tumca arnaxul siZneles awydeba misi mxatvruli realizebis gzaze: `Zalian Znelia iyo gulaxdili _ CemTvis es SeuZ le belia, imdenad didi survili maqvs misi, mxolod am survils mok-lebul kacs SeuZlia iyos aseTi~ (5, 398). sakuTari samwerlo enis es Sefasebac gulwrfelobisa da garkveulwilad, Semoq-medebiTi simamacis nayofia: `me cudi ena maqvs! sworia, magram saqme imaSia, rom Cemi drois saqarTve losTvis swored cudi ena aris namdvili ena, aseTia Cveni Sinagani bunebis garegnoba, me rom ase ar vwero: jer erTi, ver davwer sxvanairad, meo-rec, unda viyalbo~ (5, 429). swored Ziebis, gulwrfelobisa da Tavisuflebis reJimi _ mniSvnelobaTa konotaciuri doniT, sivrcis gafarToebis tendenciiT _ aqcevs teqstad guramis nawarmoebebs.

rCeuliSvili kargad grZnobs racionaluri analizis damangrevel Zalas, romelic esTetikuri pirobiTobis saz-Rvrebsac moSliT, gaqrobiT emuqreba. Warbi naturalizmi da fsiqologizmi sicocxles aclis obi eqts, iwvevs mis `ganiv-Tebas~. amgvari viTarebaa aRwerili ìulon Si~, sa dac ana-liziT garTul adamianebs saerTod aviwydebaT obieqti _ mTavari personaJi da mis mier Cadenili mkvleloba, ekarge-baT realobis aTvlis wertili: ~TiTqos haeri laparakobs~. saerTo sivrcis miuxedavad, oTaxSi, sadac moqmedeba xdeba, mTlianad ikargeba sityvisa da moqme debis dia lo guroba, sityvebi kargaven sagans da Sesabamisad, mniSvnelobas; daca-rielebuli niSani veRar asrulebs Tavis komunikaciur funq-cas da moq medeba, anu piesa wydeba.

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Txrobis SesaZleblobaTa gafar Toebis mizniT gurami aq-tiurad iw yebs sxeulis enis, rogorc arapir apiri metyveleb-is erT-erT saxis gamo ye nebas. teqstis es faqtura _ qmedeba, qceva, mimika, xma, Jesti _ rogorc ara pirapiri metyvelebis erT-erTi saxe, semioturobis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva da damatebiTi mniSvnelobebi Semoaqvs avtoris RirebulebiT poziciaSi saorientaciod. am aspeqtiT, cxenis motaceba gu-ramis mier da gavardna, Semdeg alaverdis ezoSi Semovardna, alaver dis lavgardanze avardna, xelebgaSlili dgoma, TviT alaverdis Semovardna alaznis ve lis sivrceSi, mTeli es xazgas-muli aqciebi `vardnisa~ warmoadgens dina miur, Tanmimdevrul rigs niSnebisa, romelic ̀ alaverdobis~ ZiriTadi az ris amocno-bisken, anu arsebuli sociokulturuli sivrcis radikaluri gar Rvevis, Secvlis mniSvnelobisaken migvmarTavs.

is fxizlad ekideba patriotuli gancdis gamoxatvas, radgan grZ nobs: istorizmis Tema spekulaciebis safrTxes Seicavs. istoria met yve lebs dawerili teqstebiT, romlebic SeiZleba survilisamebr Seavso an gadawero, mduma re qve-biT, romlebsac SeiZleba sxva, axali mniSvneloba mia niWo. mas awuxebs kiTxva: ramdenad SesaZlebelia, uflis cixis dro-indelma istoriis xmam gadmolaxos amxela dro da sivrce? es per speqtiva mas mxatvrulad aradamajereblad eCveneba da gadawyvets, isto riis logosi raRac sxva gziT aametyvelos: igi yveba ambavs qcevisa, qme debisa da ara sityvisa.

gurams sifrTxiles karnaxobs xangrZlivi tradiciac: yvela patrio tu li sityva _ leqsad Tu prozad _ naqvamia. am pirobebSi igi Tavidan un da iTqvas, warmo-iTqvas, xelaxla dafuZndes, radgan siyvarulis gamosaTqmelad yvela Taobas saku Tari sityva sWirdeba, aqcentirebulad _ Sinagani si-tyva, romlis adeq va turi forma guramis Tvis moqmedebaa. ami-tom gurami zogadad istoriis saTave ebidan, anu ufliscixi-dan da sxeulis enidan iwyebs. sxeulis ena aq gulwrfelobis erTaderTi garantiaa, erTa derTi enaa, romelsac SeuZlia samSoblos siyvarulis cnebas mniSvneloba daubrunos, anu damajereblad ganas xvaos arsebuli modelisagan: `sabWoeTi _ Cemi samSoblo~. igi miznad isaxavs, gviCvenos mniSvnelobis

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verbalizaciis mTeli procesi am mniSvnelobis xilvadi xatis SeqmniT da am gziT Tavidan gaaJReros Tavganwirvis, rogorc siyva rulis mtkicebiTi formis mniSvneloba.

dasaxuli amocanis kvaldakval, ̀ usaxelo ufliscixelSi~ gurami personaJs ar gadascems Tavis xmas, Sesabamisad, arc si-tyvas. gadascems mxolod saTqmels, romelsac gmiri sxeulis eniT, araverbalurad gamoxa tavs. ènis warTmeva~ (amogleja) personaJis biografiis nawilicaa da Cveni saerTo xsovnis simboluri niSanic. saxis Sesaqmnelad gurams idiomi konot-aciuri donidan denotatSi gadahyavs da Cvensken pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT Semoabrunebs: misi usaxelo da ueno gmiri Tav-isi dasisxlianebuli xelebiTa da fexisgulebiT, ukidureso-bamde daZabuli sxeuliT yvela usaxelo, uxmo, ucnob, dakar-gul cdas abrunebs teqstis cocxal qsovilSi da Sesabamisad, mkiTxvelis aRqmaSi. sivrcis aqcenti rebuli vertikaluroba da misi kldovani, wvetebiani faqtura uenos mier ganvlili gzis sirTuleze, anu simbolur planSi, saqarTvelos istori-uli gzis sirTuleze metyvelebs.

sxeulis enas maRali funqciuri datvirTva aqvs `SaSas revoluci aSic~. Zaganias sikvdilis sivrcul-sxeulebrivi portreti mis sulSi mim di nare mudmivi konvulsiebisa da cx-ovrebiseuli SiSebis gamoxatulebaa. esaa tragedia kacisa, romelsac ar asvenebs uka ro oTaxidan dakrZalvis SiSi, anu Caketili sivrcis, am sivrceSi sik vdilisa da sicocxlis SiSi. SiSis es Rrma da uCveulo fsiqo lo gi uri xati, garda imisa, rom perso naJis mier sakuTari garemos aracno bieri aR qmisa da Sefasebis nayofia, imavdroulad, uZlieresi siv r cu li meta foraa, romelic rCeuliSvilis teqstis mravalSrian faqtu ra ze migvi TiTebs. masSi aramxolod Zaganias individu-aluri gancdaa simbo lizebuli, aramed epoqaluri SiSis eg-zistencialuri Zirebi, `yofierebis Caketili wris~ konota-ciebic xmiandeba: `me gadavrCi Tavis mokvlas, romelTanac mimiyvana SiSma... mixsna isev SiSma... sakmarisia, me davkargo Si-Sis grZnoba, rom Sevurigde, Sevurigde imas, risTvisac didi xania vemzadebi _ es aris umaR les Zalad sulis aRiareba da es tenden cia Za lian Zlieria CemSi~ (5, 352).

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SemoqmedebiTi cnobiereba, gamoxatuli enobrivad, aris rTuli da mra val planiani sistema urTierTmimarTebebisa: avtorisa personaJTan, cal ke ulisa mTelTan, Tanamedro-veobisa istoriasTan, garemosTan, ide eb Tan, romelTa ganx-orcielebasac igi xedavs garemomcvel cocxal da aracocx-al sinamdvileSi, moqmedebebSi, miznebsa da RirebulebebSi da a. S. sacnauria, rom gardamaval periodebSi da istoriis gansakuTrebiT mniS vnelovan etapebze Semoqmedebis ukve ar-sebuli formebi _ maTi maRa li xarisxis SemTxvevaSic ki _ arasakmarisi, moZvelebuli aRmoCndeba xolme gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani, maradiuli konceptebis mimarT. miuxedavad amisa, Tanamedroveoba yovelTvis sargeblobs klasikis miR-we vebiT swored siaxlis Semotanis etapebze. Tumca ara misi ubralo gad mo taniTa da ganmeorebiT, aramed sruliad gan-sxvavebuli gzebiT. es Se moq medebiTi kanoni rCeuliSvilma Semdegnairad Camoaya li ba: `li tera turis azri, idea, es xom adamianTa vnebebis, moqmedebebis, yvelaze mZafri situacieb-is, sicocxlismieri situaciebis asaxvaa, gamowveuli rogorc su lieri, ise TiTqos biologiuri moTxovnilebebiTac, daaxlo biT iseve, rogoric aris lomisTvis Rmuili da misi msxverplisaTvis wak navleba. xo lo nawarmoebis ena, stili es aris literaturis garegnu li mxare, zus tad iseTi, rogorc aris tansacmeli sxvadasxva epoqebSi sxv adas xvanairi~ (5, 429). garda imisa, rom es azri literaturis aRsaniS nis gan-saz Rvris brwyinvale mcdelobaa, anu pasuxi kiTxvaze, ratom iqmneba li te ratura _ aq SemoqmedebiTi procesis, warmosax-viTi, damatebiTi rea lo bis qmnadobis ara marto sulieri, aramed TviT biologiuri deter mi ni rebu lobac kia xazgas-muli. aq gadarCenilia rogorc ticianis `me ar vwer leqsebs, leqsi TviTon mwers, Cemi sicocxle am leqss Tan ax lavs~, an paolos `sisxli, romelic vuwilade me poezias~, anu poeziis Seq mnis damangreveli, gangebiT gansazRvruli gardauvalo-bis tradi ciuli azri, ise mTeli im kulturuli gamoc di-lebis intuitiuri aRqmac, romelic sityvaSi gamoxatuli SemoqmedebiTi Sromis sicocxlismier, vitalur determini-rebulobaze migva niS nebs.

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nona kupreiSvili

rCeula

cxra gamoqveynebuli moTxrobidan eqvstomeulamde _ aseTia praqtikulad Semecnebis is gza, romelic qarTvel-ma mkiTxvelma Tbilisuri istoriebiTa da gansakuTrebiT naadrevi, Tavzardamcemi sikvdilis Semdeg legendebiT ga-remoculi niWieri damwyebi prozaikosis àdvili kiTxvidan“ mweral guram rCeuliSvilis mxatvrul samyaromde unda ga-iaros. es gza uaRresad kanonzomiericaa da mcnobisTvis (ase uwodeben xSirad literaturis kritikoss) emociuradac sak-maod datvirTuli, radgan igi exeba mkveTr individualobas, romlis damokidebulebac mwerlobisadmi, gansakuTrebiT ki lamis Tavganwiruli gadavardna weraSi, iwvevs sxvisi aRma-freniT gamowveuli Tanagancdis sixaruls. es ki, dameTanx-meT, arc Tu ise xSiri movlenaa.

guram rCeuliSvilze xSirad weren da safuZvliandac, rom man drois mcire monakveTSi didi cxovrebis Cateva Se-Zlo. metic, TiTqos sicocxlis ukanasknel periodSi masSi sevdam iZala da rogorRac moxucda kidec (`dardi ZiriTadi da pirveli niSania azrisa“ _ iuloni). marTlac, is ara mxo-lod gonebrivad, aramed fizikuradac grZnobda namdvil mwerlobasTan miaxloebis mTel pasuxismgeblobas da ode-sidan Tavisi disTvis , marine rCeuliSvilisTvis, gagzavnil werilSi swored amis axsnas cdilobda: `...vwev Cibuxs, vigoneb Tbiliss. yvela keTili da kargi meCveneba. am dros ganusaz-Rvrelad maRla vdgavar yvela wvrilman da egoistur az-rebze. ise vuyureb Cem warsuls, Cem pirvel moTxrobebs da Cem nugzar-guramebs, rogorc moxuci Tavis SviliSvilebs, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom SviliSvilebi ukve wavidnen da moxuci modis _ gesmis Sen...“ es uTuod niSnavda ara marto imas, rom `ramdenic ar unda urbino dedamiwas, igi mrgvalia da aqedan gasaqcevi arsad ar aris“, aramed im nebayofilebiT tkbil-mware tyveobasac (mwerlad gaxdomas vgulisxmob),

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romelic sakuTriv misi arCevani iyo da axla mas bolomde unda miscemoda.

raSi sWirdeboda aseT biWs mwerloba (misi Tanamedro-veni am kiTxvasac xSirad svamen: garegnoba, socialuri sta-tusi anu rogorc maSin uwodebdnen, ojaxisSviloba, araCve-ulebrivi komunikabeluroba, cxovrebis gatanis unari)? _ saSineli TviTgvemiT, aRiarebisTvis gaveSebuli brZoliT, fausturi kiTxvebis ganuwyveteli wnexiT, mxatvruli sru-lyofisken usasrulo swrafviT da, rac aranakleb rTulad gadasalaxavia, rogorc miSel uelbeki ambobs, cxovrebisagan gadaCvevis aucileblobiT. Tamaz vasaZe guram rCeuliSvili-sadmi miZRvnil werilebSi (`bedniereba sikvdilis fonze“ da `yvelaze didi vneba“ ) am viTom Seusabamobis or mizezze saubrobs: WeSmaritebis, azrismaZieblobis did Tandayolil vnebaze, romelic gurams hqonda da SemoqmedisTvis damaxa-siaTebeli mWvretelobiTi poziciis sapirwoned xelovnebisa da realobis urTierTmimarTebis mis mierve kultivirebul principze: icxovro mZafrad da sisxlsavsed ara imitom, rom SeZenili gamocdileba àzrebad“ gadaamuSao, aramed piruku _ iazrovno, raTa WeSmaritad icxovro. iqneb swored amitom Cndeba naxevarsaukunovani pauzis Semdeg dRevandeli epata-Jur- eqsperimentuli imitaciebiT gadaRlili mkiTxvelisT-vis sruliad gansxvavebul mweralTan, guram rCeuliSvilTan, axlos misvlis, misi TviTanalizuri refleqsiis gaTavisebis moTxovnileba.

svams ra mZafr egzistencialur kiTxvebs, romelTa amo-wurva guram rCeuliSvilisTvis, misive sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, rogorc `kacisa da rogorc SemoqmedisTvis“, sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, igi Tavisuflebisa da amboxis problemebs ara mocemul konkretul, aramed momavlisken mimswraf, ganusazRvrel dro-sivrcul ganzomilebaSi wyvets (àlaver-doba“). rogorc mwerali gia arganaSvili SeniSnavs, uaryofs ra amboxs sabWouri gagebiT (`...amboxis uaryofa Tavis TavSi swored sabWour-komunisturi ideologiis uaryofas niSnav-da, radgan es ideologia Tavidanve revoluciur-meamboxur

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saZirkvelze iyo dayrdnobili da momavlisTvisac Tavisna-iri ukuRmarTi cxovrebis perspeqtivas qmnida“. _ g. a.), rCe-uliSvilTan igi ara raime socialur-politikur Sedegzea orientirebuli, rogorc es 1968 wels kamiu-sartris ideebis sapirispirod frangma axalgazrdobam gamoavlina, aramed si-cocxlis erTgvar katalizatorad, mis mTavar mamoZravebel zedroul Zaladaa aRqmuli. amasTan, mwerlis arnaxuli Za-lisxmevis Sedegad aqve, sabWoTa saqarTvelos Caketil uper-speqtivo sivrceSi, xalxis geniis saxiT (`xalxis genia“ Tavidan iliasac eimedeboda) mikvleulia is udidesi resursi, romel-sac kulturuli identobis niSnebis SenarCuneba _ aRor-Zineba SeuZlia. kavSiri sakuTar miwasTan, vazTan, religiuri datvirTvis mqone istoriis mowmeebad SemorCenil uZveles xuroTmoZRvrul ZeglebTan da sakulto nagebobebTan, xalxur metyvelebasa da poeziasTan, jer kidev xelTqumnel mSobliur bunebasTan, xevsureTTan, rogorc warmarTuli qarTuli kulturis am Ria muzeumTan _ praqtikulad yve-laferi es is xelCasaWidi argumentebia, romelTa axleburad wvdomas mwerali `suliTac da sxeuliTac“ (T. vasaZe) cdi-lobs (ùsaxelo ufliscixeli“).

sakmaod uSeRavaTo TviTmxilebis, TviTgaSiSvlebis mux-tiT midis is Tavisuflebis imgvar gagebamde, romelic Tavisi arsiT aseve sruliad antisabWouri movlenaa (gavixsenoT 1956 wlis martis movlenebis gamo dRiurSi gakeTebuli Canaweri: `ra ampartavani varT erTi muWa Tavisuflebismoyvare eri, romelmac ar icis, sad aris Tavisufleba...“) da mas mwerlisa da mwerlobis gansxvavebulad gaazrebul misias ukavSirebs. es gza arc meti, arc naklebi baraTaSvilzec gadis. ufro swo-rad, baraTaSvilis mier aRebuli pasuxismgeblobis xarisxis (`cudad xom mainc ar Caivlis...“) miRebazec da misi axali dro-is moTxovnilebaTa mixedviT koreqtirebazec da Cndeba ase-Ti konceptualurad metad mniSvnelovani Canaweri: `bevrad ufro advilia sxvas gauadvilo savali gzisa, vidre Sen Tvi-Ton iyo es moZme“. (uTuod amitom werda guram gegeSiZe: àla-verdoba“ baraTaSvilis `merans“ magonebso). niSandoblivia,

27

rom guramis kidev erTma Tanamedrove poetma SoTa Cant-laZemac scada am Temis reinterpretireba leqsSi `he, gamaqa-neT!“, Tumca iq ufro metad uRirsi sazogadoebisgan distan-cirebis paTosia gamokveTili. es `moZme“ki, uTuod isaa, vinc Tavis TavSi sakuTar fesvebTan mijaWvulobis da am fesve-biT nakvebi moazrovne adamianis axali niadagisken swrafvas aerTianebs. cxadia, rogorc kritikosi manana kvaWantiraZe SeniSnavs, esaa qarTuli Rirebulebebis aRdgenisa da aqedan miRebul SedegTan erTad Tavad aRmdgenis axali rakursiT wardgena im msoflios winaSe, romelic misgan usamarTlod da wamgebianadaa distancirebul-gaucxoebuli. daaxloe-biT imaves aRniSnavs nugzar wereTelic: `gurami Zalze didi miznis misaRwevad iyo SemarTuli, erovnuli dacemulobis gancda ki mis guls tkiviliT avsebda, ubiZgebda, epovna mTa-vari gza, rac xalxs daexmareboda da gamoadgeboda...“ msgavsi ambiciurobis winapiroba ki mwerlis ara imdenad `meamboxe suli, ramdenadac jiuti neba“ (ase ambobs besik adeiSvili SoTa CantlaZis Sesaxeb) da introspeqtuli mzeriT adamianis sulis yvelaze faruli Sreebis ganCxreka, kvlav uelbeks da-vesesxebi, `simarTlis amoTxra“ da misi mxatvrulad asaxva iyo (`baTareka WinWarauli“, `SaSas revolucia“, `moxucebu-li“, `Spilka“, `seiTa“ da sxv.). vfiqrob, ai, umTavresi mizezi imisa, ramac guram rCeuliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi tradiciuli gagebiT antisabWour-disidenturi Tematikis gaaqtiureba SeuZlebeli gaxada. am mosazrebiT vcdilob vupasuxo mkvl-evar l. wiqariSvilis samarTlian SeniSvnas imis Sesaxeb, rom eqvstomeulis gansakuTrebiT me-5-6 tomebSi molodinis sa-pirispirod ar aRmoCnda disidenturi diskursi.

Tu kargad davakvirdebiT _ am yvelaferSi, rac iTqva, ikveTeba im neotradicionalizmis principebi, romelmac guramis sikvdilidan sul male, XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi, axal samocianelTa moZraobis saxeliT iCina Tavi da ramac qarTuli xelovnebis mniSvnelovani rekonstruqcia moax-dina (swored ase _ `rekonstruqtivisti“ vuwode erT-erT samocianel kritikoss, rezi TvaraZes). am TvalsazrisiT,

28

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom guram rCeuliSvili àxali renesansis mauwyebelia“ (swored aseTi warweriT uZRvna mas erTma rusma poetma sakuTari leqsebis krebuli). amiT igi garkveulwilad exmianeba zemoT ukve naxseneb SoTa CantlaZes, romelmac jer kidev 1952 wels leqsSi `manifesti“, marTlac, novato-ruli poetikis, daTo barbaqaZis zusti ganmartebiT ki, `mara-diuli poeziis“ deklarireba moaxdina: ìafi poeti.../ unda gasamarTldes,/ rameTu ageben haerovan koSkebs/ da umowy-alod flangaven sivrces da dros.../ ...gadaWriT uarvyofT / mzis saTvaleebis poezias.../ samagierod gTavazobT / naTeli Tvalis poezias,/ gaSiSvlebuli sulis, / SiSveli Tavis...“ es iyo xma àndergraundidan“, romelic maSin, SeiZleba iTqvas, ar iqna gagonili. guramic aseTive manifesturi energiiT axmovanebs Tavis mimarTva-mxilebas jer gvarianad ganaTe-buli , Semdeg ki sulac Camqrali teleekranidan. mimarTvis adresatebi aqac xelovnebis momxmareblebi anu wambilwvele-bi da maTi ukvdavi moqnilobaa. (`batono telemxedvelebo“). am teqstmac qarTvel mkiTxvelamde sakmaod gvian moaRwia.

aqamde ucnobi moTxrobebis, piesebis da Canawerebis kiTx-visas iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneba, TiTqos gurami Tavis TavSi grZnobs mwerlis axali tipis mtkivneul dabadebas, radgan is ar (da ver) aris dadebiT gmirTa Tu msgavs sisuleleTa mTxzveli konformisti (gaixseneT misi reaqcia rezo inaniSvi-lis winadadebaze, warumZRvaros Tavis moTxrobebs ideurad gamarTuli raime teqsti, e. w.`paravozi“). Cven Tvalwin xdeba Taviseburi reinkarnacia mwerlis ara marto gansxvavebuli, aramed karga xniT miviwyebuli tipisa (sxvaTa Soris, amasTan dakavSirebiT marTebulad SeniSnavda kritikosi lali aval-iani, rodesac megobar mwerlebTan guramis urTierTobis stils `cisferyanwelTa“ literaturuli ordenis wevrTa Zmobas adarebda), romelic, pirvel yovlisa, Sinagani Tavisu-flebiTa da cnobierebis mTlianobiT gamoirCeva. marTlac, gurami arafriT hgavda literaturas mitmasnil, ukacravad ar viyo, virTxebs, romlebic inkvizitorebis msgavsad konfi-dencialurad ikribebodnen mweralTa kavSirSi 30-ian wlebSi

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daarsebuli partorganizaciis krebebze da `saukeTeso“ Ce-kisturi tradiciebis dacviT primitiulad da RvarZlianad ganikiTxavdnen mweralsa da mwerlobas. (SesaZloa, lado gu-diaSvilis cnobili `silamazis ganmCxreknis“ Sefasebisas Ta-vad guramic swored aseT tipebs gulisxmobda).

erTi mxriv, masalasTan hipertrofirebuli sindisiT mis-vla, filtvebiT wera, meore mxriv, cxovrebis yvela kunWul-Si SemRwevi mwerlis Tvali da amiT mopovebuli ufleba iyos mouxelTebeli, mravalsaxovani, zeideuri (...idea? araferi momdis TavSi _ ̀ iuloni“) moraluradac aramdgradi , abezari, gamsWvaluli erTi surviliT _ aqamde kultivirebuli sa-zogadoebrivi cxovrebis (xSirad maxinji, xSirad arasworad aRqmuli) normebi Seswiros SemoqmedebiTi TviTrealizebis wams _ iqneb amazecaa ̀ iuloni“? piesis avtori, saxelad gura-mi, ambobs: `..me odnav mixaria, rom erTis sikvdili damexmara meoris xasiaTis SecnobaSi, Tavisi Tavis srul amowurvaSi... ar megona, Tu ase gagikvirdebodaT.. rom me odnav mixaria ka-cis sikvdili...“. esaa mkrexeloba, Tumca mwerlis mkrexelo-ba, romelsac axsnac da gamarTlebac Tavis droze didma akutagavam mouZebna: `me ara maqvs sindisi, me maqvs mxolod nervebi...“ daakvirdiT, rogor uintimes mwerlur SegrZnebas uziarebs gurami Tavis das: `mindeba Senc mogwero werili, minda imitom, rom minda. da kidev imitom, rom Cems garda sxva-mac icodes, ra savse var SemoqmedebiT, sicocxliT. davdivar marto zRvis napirze, vWixvineb, vicini, Cems Tavs vesaubrebi, vlaparakob. uceb vCerdebi da viwer raRaceebs... o, ra garyv-nili var, rom yvelam miaqcios yuradReba Cems Semoqmedebas. TviTon yvelaze didi bednierebis wuTebSiac ki ar mcildeba es gverdze SegrZneba Tavidan...“ gana aseT xelovans igulveb-da Tavis ideologiur sayrdenad diadi sabWoeTi? gana aseTi Cabrunebuli mzeriT siRrmiseulad ganmCxreki sWirdeboda mas Tavisi iaffasiani plakaturi SegonebebisTvis, romelTa saSualebiT warmatebiT axdenda (da, samwuxarod, dRemde axdens) milionobiT adamianTa zombirebas? cxadia, ara da gagris im sabediswero dRes rom ar daRupuliyo, seriozuli

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fiqri mouwevda Tavis momdevno CanafiqrTa ara marto reali-zebis, aramed miwodebis formazec, rac Cans kidec vaxtang WeliZisaTvis gankuTvnil werilSi.

enobrivi brZola, romelic, rogorc cnobilia, 90-iani wlebis dasasrulisTvis daasamarebs komunistur wyobas, gu-rams intuitiurad ukve dawyebuli aqvs (Temo jafariZe: `...im periodSi mwerlebi ufro gmirul ambebze werdnen _ dadebiTi gmiris asaxva aucileblobas warmoadgenda. guramma da masTan erTad vaJa gigaSvilma, erlom axvledianma, SoTa CantlaZem da me daviwyeT brZola idealizebisa da siyalbis winaaRm-deg. ras gvkarnaxobs realoba, sakuTari Tavisadmi kritika, ubraloebisadmi swrafva da enobrivadac _ es momentebi qm-nis damajereblobis tons Cvens SemoqmedebaSi“). erTi mxriv, TanauniversitetelTa mier naTqvami, ` ase ar iwereba litera-tura, originalobso“, xolo, meore mxriv, Tavad guram rCeu-liSvilis mier sulxan qeTelaurisTvis simwriT gamxelili: ùnda movaTavo, ar esmiT literatura“ mkiTxvelisa (gnebavT, ufro viwro gagebiT, literaturuli cenzuris) da mwerlis urTierTobis im sirTuleze migvaniSnebs, romelic mas elo-da da romlis gadalaxva advili ar iqneboda.

rogorc qalbatoni marine rCeuliSvili wers, sicocxlis ukanaskneli ori weli samwerlo niadagis erTgvar `zondire-basa“ da aqedan miRebuli daskvnebis miReba-armiRebas Seewi-ra. tariel Wanturiac ( àxalgazrda kaci brundeboda mwer-lobaSi amdeni tanjvis fasad...“) da murman lebaniZec (`vinc kacur mjiRiT granitebs fSvnidi...“), faqtobrivad, amasve adastureben. gurams surs dainaxon ara marto misi gansxvaveb-uloba, aramed am gansxvavebulobisTvis brZolisunarianobac (dedis SeniSvnaze, iqneb Tavi Seekavebina `ciskris“ maSindeli redaqtorisTvis aseTi mkacri (vgulisxmob: gulaxdili _ n.k.) werilis gagzavnisagan, guramma Turme upasuxa: `Zalian saWiroa. erTxel da samudamod unda gavagebino, vina var. sul Tavdaxrili davdivar magaTTan. albaT, es yovelTvis ar aris swori“ _ m. rC.). uniWo sqemebiTa da tabuirebuli TemebiT da-Clungebul literaturas winaaRmdegobis gaweva didxans ar

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SeeZlo _ yovel SemTxvevaSi gurams ase sjeroda. amitomaa aseT samzadisSi. marTalia, is kargad grZnobs teqnicizmis Semotevas, adamianSi adamianurobis dakninebisken mimarTuli tendenciis STambeWdav Zalas, teqnikasTan erTad politikis Zalze saSiS yovlismomcvelobas, Tumca jiutad swams, rom Semoqmedis maZiebeli suli gadaarCens samyaros da Seqspiri-seuli kiTxva `yofna-aryofnis“ Sesaxeb arasodes gadawydeba `yofnis“ sasargeblod. mis, rogorc mwerlis, ZiriTad amoca-nas, `Seqmnas qarTveli adamiani Tavisi mkveTrad gamoxatuli da gansxvavebuli vnebebiT“ (g. rC.) , kvebavs da aZlierebs Ta-vad qarTveli eris, qarTuli xasiaTis (romelsac imavdrou-lad intensiurad ikvlevs) maZiebluri suli, dafuZnebuli arsebuliT ukmayofilebaze: `me vamayob, rom var im eris Svili, romelsac arasodes akmayofilebda Tavisi arsebuli forma, radgan ar icis, romelia is _ daukmayofilebloba arsebuliT. es aris forma da amas hqvia qarTveli kaci“. aseT konteqstSi ki sruliad bunebrivad Cndeba zizRi tlanqi ma-sisa da masobrivi cnobierebisadmi. erlom axvledianisTvis moskovidan gamogzavnil erT-erT werilSi gurami misTvis Cveuli ironiiT saubrobs am metad mtkivneul sakiTxze: ò, erlom! eqskursantebi calke masaa. isini avseben Teatrebs, ki-noebs, kremls, mavzoleums, avtobusebs. maT saocari Tviseba aqvT _ Tu ar daanaxve, ver xedaven...“ yvela xelovans, visac masis aRzevebis xanaSi ucxovria (es ki drodadro xdeba msof-lio istoriaSi), mTeli arsebiT ugrZvnia misi damTrgunveli Zala. gurami aseTi kategoriis adamianebisTis, cxadia, xum-robiT, calke fulis erTeulis gamoSvebis saWiroebasac ar gamoricxavs, oRond gansxvavebuli dizainiT: ̀ viris yurebiT, maCvis TvalebiT da motoriani fexebiT _ leninis portretis magier“. amas mosdevs megobrisadmi mimarTuli sevdanarevi SeZaxili, romelic ara imdenad konkretulad erlom axvle-dians, ramdenadac am safrTxis ugulebelmyofT ekuTvis: `cxovreba savsea aseTi saocari movlenebiT, Sen ki gverdze xar. Эрлом! Не будь экскурсантом!“.

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`Cemi literaturuli SexedulebebiT (zogan STabeWdile-bebiT)“ dasaTaurebuli, rogorc m. rCeuliSvili uwodebs, mravalJanruli nawarmoebi _ masSi Sevida ìrina da me“, àlaverdoba“, `dRiuri“ _ im droisaTvis sruliad warmoud-geneli Teoriuli ganmartebiT iwyeba. mainc rogori azris mitanas cdilobs gurami mkiTxvelamde? imas, rom es teqsti ramdenadme diplomatiuria, adasturebs misive sityvebi: iseT Sesavals gavukeTeb, rom dabeWdvaze uars ver metyvia-no. uTuod am mizniTaa erTmaneTTan Sedarebuli dasavluri da sabWouri literaturebic, magram imgvari rakursiT, rom mTavari azri `WkvianmkiTxvelma“ (guramiseulia) TviTon unda aRmoaCinos. mwerlis azriT, sabWoTa literatura, mas Semdeg, rac man ganvlo pirveli revoluciuri periodi Tavi-si maiakovskebiT, eizenSteinebiT, ostrovski-SoloxovebiTa da ilf-pertovebiT, krizisma moicva, radgan `Tavisuflebis idea daTrgunul iqna Tanasworobis ideiT“ (m. kvaWantiraZe), xolo `zevidan karnaxma...gamoiwvia Cavardna xelovnebaSi“ (g.rC.). Tumca arc dasavluri literaturisgan, romelic Tavisuflebis Warbi doziTaa `gafuWebuli“, modis saimedo xelmosaWidi impulsebi. dasavluri ùSnod daWkvianebuli“ mwerlisganac ZiriTadad mxolod moyirWeba da inertuloba igrZnoba. (am mxriv, gacilebiT cocxaliao amerikuli lit-eratura). amitomac Sav xelnawerSi Camatebulia fraza, mi-marTuli remarkisadmi: ̀ yovlismcodne remark, Tu yvelaferi ici, maS ratomRa wer?“ gamodis, rom guramisTvis mTavaria azris Zieba, sulieri Relva (sxvagan wers: `sulieri Relva _ ai, cxovrebis umaRlesi principi da siamovneba _ uami-sod swyindebaT adamianebs“) , rogorRac, Tundac sabWoTa pi-robebSi, gadanaxul-SenarCunebuli xeluxlebeli sinaRde, aRqmis uSualoba, romelic axali mwerlobis dvritad unda iqces; mwerlobisa xelovnuri SezRudvebis gareSe, radgan WeSmariti xelovnebisTvis Zalze pirobiTia cudisa da kar-gis, borotisa da keTilis cnebebi, anu rogorc Tavad gurami ambobs, misTvis aranakleb sainteresoa `binis davTarSi Cau-wereli xalxic“, romelic mwerlobis ZalisxmeviT SesaZloa

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`gapasportiandes“. aq Zalauneburad maxsendeba guramis ax-loblis, mxatvar avTo varazis, erTi Canaweri: simaxinjisgan unda Seiqmnas silamaze. rogorc Cans, am Taobis xelovanTa umTavresi mxatvrul-esTetikuri principic aqaa saZiebeli.

„Teoriuli ganmartebidan“, miuxedavad misi garkveuli orazrovnebisa, mainc Cans Zalze mniSvnelovani saTqmelis mqone axalgazrda mwerali, romelic yvelafers akeTebs imi-sTvis, rom wvrilmanma da meorexarisxovanma ar daabrkolos. piradad me ver viqnebodi Zalian optimisturi imasTan dakav-SirebiT, rom `ciskris“ maSindel mesveurTagan (e. axvlediani wers, rom yvelaze metad maSin giorgi SatberaSvilma gaugoo) uklebliv yvela mzad iyo im ucnauri ganacxadis misaRebad, romelic gurams mwerlobaSi sabolood damkvidrebisaTvis sWirdeboda. siaxlis mimarT maSindel samwerlo xelmZR-vanelobas Zveli SiSi hqonda gamoyolili. amitom isini, bune-brivia, sakuTar Tavs icavdnen. pirvel xanebSi gurams, albaT, stilur Semotevebs akmarebdnen, radgan am patara moTxrobeb-Si im Rrma azrs, romelsac axla misi eqvstomeulis ganmCxre-kni sruliad samarTlianad pouloben, cota vinme Tu xedavda. da, bunebrivia, arc erTi gauxednavi cxenis tragikuli gza `salamuradan kolamde“, arada, amgvari interpretacia logi-kurd gamomdinareobs mTeli misi Semoqmedebidan iqneboda aRqmuli Tavisuflebis dakargvis sacnaur tragediad.

marTalia, sakuTari gamorCeulobis niSnebs yvelaferSi, maT Soris gvar-saxelSic eZebda, xels xSirad vamex rCeuliS-vilad awerda, qarTlis Zveli mdivanbegis msgavsi kaligrafi-ac hqonda, megobrebs, magaliTad, daTo RoRoberiZes, exum-reboda, aznaurs uwodebda, TviTon ki `keTilSobili sisxlis mqone“ megobrad warmoudgenda Tavs, magram sakuTar TavTan darCenili werda: ̀ uazrobaa iamayo gvariT, rogorc danomri-li morbenalisTvis uazrobaa iamayos Tavisi niSniT, romel-ic kenWisyris dros miakuTvnes“. arada, igi namdvilad iyo sruliad gansakuTrebuli adamiani da am mizeziT sxvisi gansa-kuTrebulobis danaxvac SeeZlo. magaliTad, moqandake elgu-ja amaSukelis, rodesac igi gorgaslis sakonkurso maketTa

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gamofenaze gaicno, aRfrTovanebuli mieWra, xeli Camoar-Tva da Seafasa kidec. naxeT, erTi monasmiT rogor amomwura-vad xatavs zogadad xelovanis portrets: `saxe nerviulad Caferflili hqonda, ucremlod namtiraleviviT“.

samwuxarod, SemTxveviTi ar aRmoCnda mwerlis aseTi gamZafrebuli interesi bediswerisadmi (gaixseneT misi da-mokidebuleba oidiposisadmi). igi swored brma bedisweras emsxverpla. rodesac fiqrob (da amgvari fiqri gardauvalia) guram rCeuliSvilis mxolod nawilobriv ganxorcielebul did SemoqmedebiT potenciaze, imaze, Tu rogor Tvisobriv cvlilebas Seitanda igi 60-iani da Semdgomi aTwleulebis qarTul mwerlobaSi, sinanuli gipyrobs da ratomRac kargi operatoris mier `Cavlebuli“ kinokadri gidgeba Tvalwin, romelzedac haerSi asaWrelad momzadebuli frinvelia gamosaxuli. Turme nu ityvi, es SegrZneba TviTonve gasCenia da TviTonve utarebia: `...napiri Tixis qimia maRali. qveviT viwro qviSis zolia, zRva Relavs. qveviT qviSaze moCans Cemi Crdili, didi, Zlieri. orive xels maRla vwev, vSli, frTebs emsgavseba. arwivs vgavar _ ZaliT vivsebi...“

da swored aq kadri Cerdeba.

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lali avaliani

guram rCeuliSvilis `sikvdili mTebSi~Tema da variaciebi

dRes SeiZleba ucnauradac mogveCvenos, magram guramis am moTxrobis gamorCeuli popularoba personaJTa ucxoelo-bamac ganapiroba: socialistur `samoTxeSi~ uxilavi rkinis fardiT gamomwyvdeulebs, dasavluri samyaros binadarni la-mis ucxoplanetelebad gvesaxebodnen. 23 wlis avtorma sul iolad gaacamtvera es stereotipi.

1957 wels dawerili `sikvdili mTebSi~ maSin daibeWda, roca guram rCeuliSvili moskovSi cxovrobda, _ 1958 wlis TebervalSi (Jurnali `ciskari~, # 2). amave wlis maisSi mwer-alTa kavSirSi, `ciskris~ ganxilvisas, guramis moTxrobebis Taobaze dadebiTi azri gamouTqvamT ara mxolod axalgaz-rdebs, aramed: grigol abaSiZes, alio mircxulavas, beso JRents (romelsac ukve moeswro avtoris 1957 wels dastam-buli Txzulebebis gakritikeba...). Rirsebisamebr Seufasebia guramis moTxrobebi simon Ciqovans, gamourCevia `sikvdili mTebSi~, rogorc maRalmxatvruli filosofiuri nawarmoebi, gakvirvebac gamouTqvams avtoris asakis gamo da didi moma-valic uwinaswarmetyvelebia (m. rCeuliSvili, `SeniSvnebi, komentarebi~, wgn-Si: g. rCeuliSvili, `moTxrobebi~, Tb., 2002, t. 2, gv. 415).

moTxrobis martivi fabula (germaneli mwerlis colis daRupva arxotis mTebSi, misi saCqaro dakrZalva ubeduri SemTxvevis Soriaxlos saxeldaxelod gaTxril samareSi, _ imave dRes) TiTqos mxolod sababia avtorisaTvis, Cau-fiqrdes sikvdil-sicocxlis maradiul problemas, determi-nizms, adamianis uZlurebas bedisweris garduvalobis winaSe, myife zRvars sikvdil-sicocxles Soris, sikvdilis aRqmis Tu WirTaTmenis gansxvavebul gamovlenas gansxvavebuli men-talobis adamianTa mier.

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guram rCeuliSvili kurelasTan xanmokle urTierTo-bisas (savaraudod, 2-3 dRe) mwerlis ganvlil cxovrebasa da habitusze uwinares, misi fsiqologiuri portretiT in-teresdeba. kurelas cxovrebis gza da Semoqmedeba misTvis TiTqmis sruliad ucnobia. `sikvdili mTebSi~ gvamcnobs, rom kurela 61 wlis dakunTuli, zorba mamakacia; misi coli masze 12 wliT umcrosia. maT xuTi Svili hyavT, ojaxis saerTo gata-ceba mTaSi mogzauroba da fotografiaa. rus poets nikoloz tixonovs, rogorc Cans, col-qmris axlo megobars, alfred kurelasaTvis amRaSi ramdenime suraTis gadaReba uTxovia Tavisi momavali poemisaTvis.

es aris da es...im epizodebs, romlebsac gurami ar daswrebia (kurelas

dila mTaSi, sauzme, cxenebze amxedreba, Sinauruli saubari gamyolsa Tu ojaxis wevrebTan, ubeduri SemTxveva...) avtori dokumenturi Tu naturalisturi maneriT gadmogvcems.

legenda guram rCeuliSvilze mis sicocxleSive SeiTxza, is gulisxmobda hemingueis mimdevrobasac, rogorc Semoq-medebiTi, ise cxovrebis niris (simamace, vaJkacoba, `kacuri~ gatacebani: sporti, mogzauroba, nadiroba, Tevzaoba...) TvalsazrisiT. maSin heminguei ara mxolod guramis, aramed momdevno Taobebis, maT Soris Cemi Taobis, kumiri iyo. Cvens TvalSi `hemingueistobac~ mxolod gamorCeulobasa da aR-matebulobaze migvaniSnebda. dRevandeli Tvalsawieridan hemingueis kvali mis nawerebSi sakmaod mokrZalebulad me-saxeba. rogorc Cans, gurams aRizianebda misi `mimdevrobis~ gazviadeba: `sazogadoebis didi nawili me mxvdeba, rogorc gadmomRerebels evropuli Tu amerikuli `dakarguli Tao-bis~ motivebisa. sasurveli iqneboda, rom Cemma Teoriulma nawilma mxatvrulTan kavSirSi gaaqarwylos es Sexeduleba~ (igulisxmeba avtoris `Cemi literaturuli STabeWdilebebi~ _ l.a.) _ werda gurami vaxtang WeliZes _ 1960 wlis 23 ianvars.

savsebiT viziareb manana kvaWantiraZis dakvirvebas, rom dokumenturi Tu biografiuli TxrobiT avtori qmnis `gul-wrfelobis imitacias, romelic ase aklda mis garemos. am

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drois literaturuli da saxelovnebo sivrce savsea soc-realizmis kvaliT. gurami maT waSlas cdilobs da iaraRad, meTodad iyenebs dokumentalizms, rogorc damajerebels, uSualos da ndobis aRmZvrels~ (àdamiani da dro~, `litera-turuli gazeTi~, 2014, # 13). swored rom `namdvilobis~, doku-menturobis imitacias qmnis elpides daRupvis ambavic: `dam-frTxali cxeni lodianebze mixtoda, elpide marcxena fexiT ekida uzangze da qvebs glejda xan mkerdiT, xan kefiT. ...kefis mere xeli gaexliCa, lodianma gadmoatriala sxeuli, TviTon fosodan amovarda da Savi miwa gamoaCina. mere lods SubliT daejaxa, Subli gadaskda, mere gadaefxriwa fexi, `specovkis~ samxruli gawyda da SiSveli, odnav mimWknari ZuZu gamouCnda. TeTr, Crdilour mkerdze sisxli wiTel zolebad daaCnda.

CaCoqili kurela majas usinjavda. maja ar scemda. mere mkvdarma sxeulma amoiqSina da sisxlma gamoJona tuCebze. Sem-deg yvelaferi Sewyda~. es pasaJi TviTmxilvelis Canaweri ki ara, avtoris warmosaxvis nayofia. axielidan SemTxvevis adgi-las ubelo cxeniT miWril gurams ukve aseTi suraTi daxvda: `balaxze qali egdo gadaxeTqili SubliT, TavTan qeraTmiani bavSvi ejda, warbTan mimxmari sisxlidan buzebs ugeriebda.

kaci _ alfred kurela _ fexebgaSlili adga Tavze ori-ves da suraTs iRebda~...

guram rCeuliSvilisaTvis sruliad ucxoa moralistoba, magram ̀ ukvirs~ nanaxi: ̀ gurami Tavze adga cxedars da kurelas xels arTmevda. is uyurebda misTvis ucxo sikvdils, romelic mTebs Sua iwva umoZraod. ukvirda sikvdilic da maTi sicocx-lec, romlebic sikvdilTan erTad gaicno.

kurela eqsponometrs ayenebda. mere aparati moimarjva da im adgilis suraTi gadaiRo, sadac elpide iwva~.

`...gurami uyurebda da ukvirda, rogor axerxebda kurela dardisa da saqmis ase saocrad SeTavsebas~.

nebismieri gakvirveba xom moulodnelobas mosdevs: saza-reli eldis winamorbedic gakvirvebaa. vaJis sityvebs: àrc mama da arc Svili jer azrze ar arian, ra moxda, jer isev uk-virT~ _ gurami TiTqos eTanxmeba da arc eTanxmeba. amgvari

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yoymani da mtkivneuli gansja ar asvenebs gurams: `mere ifiq-ra, rom SeiZleba marTlac, maTTvis am ambavSi sakvirveli ufro metia, vidre sazareli. mere kidev ifiqra, rom kurelam mSvenivrad icis, rom sikvdili aris sikvdili~.

gurami obieqturi mWvretelis funqciis mtvirTvelia: igi TiTqos zedmiwevniTi sizustiT gadmoscems axielidan kurelas misaSveleblad amosuli arxotis eqspediciis wevri eqimebis replikebs:

`_ ra yoCaRi xalxia, kaco, qarTveli, albaT, Tavs moik-lavda mis adgilas...

_ sawyali... albaT kurela Tavs iklavs, ara?~yvelas ebraleba daRupuli qalic da misi qmar-Svilic;

oRond samZimris Tu nugeSis gamoTqmis forma zogjer `Savi iumoriTaa~ gadmocemuli:

`_ ar vici, ra eSveleba Tqvens dards..._ kacma SeiZleba am dros Tavi moiklas~...gansakuTrebul gulCvilobas amJRavnebs `boxxmiani eqi-

mi~, romelic uTargmnis xevsurebs kurelas gamosaTxovar si-tyvas, magram, cremlmoreuli, iZulebulia SeCerdes: ̀ boxxmi-ans Tvalebze cremli moadga, mere xeli Caiqnia, ganze gavida, iqve dajda da Tavi muxlebSi Cargo~. am scenas gafacicebuli adevneben Tvals gurami da vaJa; maT Tavad ver gaucnobiere-biaT kurelas dardi `namdvilia~ Tu ara, magram eqimis mimarT geslian replikebs ar iSureben: ̀ etyoba daiRala dgomiT... vi-Tom kurelaze mets dardobda, ara?~

aqcentirebis gareSe, ucdomeli fsiqologiuri gumaniT gadmocems avtori xevsurebisa da qalaqelebis gulwrfel moziareobas kurelas ubedurebisadmi, daxmarebisaTvis mza-obas da, agreTve, sxvaobas Tanagancdis gamoxatvaSi.

TavSekavebiT da taqtiT, xevsurebi aSkarad sjabnian qa-laqelebs; Tumca, gulisgulSi maTTvis sruliad miuRebelia kurelas gadawyvetileba:

`_ xvTiso, _ uTxra xevisbers (guramma), _ weraqveb moiReT da saflavi gauTxareT, aq iTxovs Tavad.

_ CavitanT sofelSi, ar gvezareba.

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_ aq iTxovs Tavad._ magisTvis Camovida aq? iq wess mainc vetyviT~.swored xevsurebs daadgebaT didi jafa kldovani samaris

gasaTxrelad. niSandoblivi detali: àxalgazrda xevisberi umoZrao saxiT ebrZoda tins~...

xevsurebisaTvis sruliad ucxo da gaugebaria kurelas msgavsi Wirisuflis arseboba. `Wirisufali: Semomweri ori arsebiTad sxvadasxva sferosa Tu samyaros samanebisa; maTi mediumi da momrigebeli; keTili megzuri, mekavSire da Suamavali, auwoneli dardisa da mwuxarebis mtvirTveli, micvalebulTa sufTa sulebis sargod amqveyniur ritualur qmedebaTa gamrige da warmmarTveli~ (amiran arabuli, eTer TaTaraiZe, `SendobiT momixsenieT~, 2007).

TbilisSi, sastumroSi dabrunebul kurelas pirveli Semoxvdeba momvleli qali, romelic atirdeba mis danaxvaze: àlfredi gaocebuli uyurebda mas~... Tumca, saZinebel oTax-Si Sesuli, dagubebul dards veRar umklavdeba da xmamaRla aqviTindeba.

gurami mTxrobelic aris da moTxrobis erT-erTi protag-onistic. dokumentur Tu naturalistur narativs Zaldau-taneblad erwymis guramis (rogorc personaJis) `Soridan~, `distanciidan~ danaxuli fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri avto-portreti _ sakuTari qcevis gulaxdili SefasebiTurT.

guramisTvis damaxasiaTebeli sakuTari `formisa~ Tu `pozis~ Zieba cxovrebaSic da SemoqmedebaSic, zog mis moTxrobaSi egotizms uaxlovdeba, ukiduresi gaxsnilobis, misTvis Tundac wamgebiani gulaxdilobis mcdeloba xSi-rad narcisizmis gamovlenaa, Tumca es, ZiriTadad ironiul-TviTkritikuli narcisizmia, romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo sakuTari personiT tkbobasTan an TviTkmayofilebasTan. Zieba, wvaleba, daukmayofilebloba, SfoTi da foriaqi misi SemoqmedebiTi procesis Tanamdevia.

gurami TiTqos jiutad cdilobs sakuTari Tavis ùkv-davyofas~ Tavis nawerebSi; sagangebodaa SerCeuli saxelebi misi àlter egosTvis~. amis Taobaze saubrobs mwerali pirad

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werilebsa Tu dRiurebSic: ò, ra garyvnili var, rom yvelam miaqcios yuradReba Cems moqmedebas, TviTon yvelaze didi bednierebis wuTebSic ki ar mcildeba es gverdze SegrZneba Tavidan...

minda, rom Cems garda sxvamac icodes ra savse var Semoq-medebiT da sicocxliT~... TviTdamkvidrebis ganwyoba ig-rZnoba am moTxrobaSic, roca gurami kurelas dasaxmareblad giJiviT gaaWenebs cxens: `cxeniviT aqloSinebuls raRac ucn-auri meufleboda. es arc Wenebis Jini iyo, arc sxvisi sikvdi-lis SegrZnebiT gamowveuli gancda.

iqiT, didi lodianis ZirSi, Sekazmuli Savi cxeni Canda, ratomRac meuxerxula iq ase WenebiT mivardna, Semdeg cxens gavaze sabeli gadavuWire, mivadge lodianTan da Camovxti. sadRac bundovnad mesiamovna, rom kurelam im kldeSi gaWen-ebul cxenze mjdari mnaxa, Semdeg yvelaferi gaqra... axla Cems win mxolod qali iwva SublgaxeTqili... raRac iyo Seucno-beli, simwuxarisa da ambis naxvis, cnobismoyvareobas Soris, rom pirvelma man naxa sikvdili~.

niSandoblivia, rom avtori daeTanxma vaxtang WeliZes, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, kurelas saxeli `mogzauriT~ Seecva-laT (`Tuki kurela ar daTanxmdeba misi saxeli da gvari ucv-lelad darCes moTxrobaSi _ misi nebaa~), magram kategori-ulad moiTxova `guramis~ datoveba.

rogorc Cans, kurela daTanxmda guramis werilSi gamoTqmul SeTavazebas: `В моём рассказе вашу фамилию и имя жены оставил без изменения и если вы не будете возражать, оставлю~.

aseve ucvlelad datova germaneli mwerlis gvari vaJa gigaSvilmac.

misi cxel kvalze dawerili moTxroba `kurela~ 1957 wliT TariRdeba, Sesulia `mokle moTxrobebis~ ciklSi (wavikiTxe 30 wlis dagvianebiT, prozaul krebulSi `dro da Jami~). vaJa uTuod icnobda guramis Txzulebas, radgan ̀ kurela~ TiTqos gagrZelebaa misi moTxrobisa. avtori, romelic megzurobs kurelas amRaSi (germanel mwerals tixonovisaTvis Sepire-buli xedebis gadaReba surs), martoa: `gurami beber garsiasa

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da banjRvlian RvTisosTan darCa axielaSi. isini ludsa svam-dnen oCiaurebis xatSi~.

`kurelaSi~ samad sami personaJia, _ avtori, kurela da amRis xevisberi berdia. moTxroba uCveulod iwyeba, fera-dovneba da mxedvelobiTi xatebis siuxve amaRlebulisa da mSvenierebis molodins badebs: `yvavilebi riyeze Ria Jolos-feri iyo. wyalsgaRma mTebi muqi Sabiamnisferi. zemoT mo-Canda brWyviala TeTri myinvarebi. yvavilebic da mTebic jer kidev sveli iyo namisagan da ferebi _ iseTi sufTa da kriala, rogorc axlad dadebuli saRebavi~. tragikuli moTxrobisaT-vis Seuferebeli es pasaJi, am SemTxvevaSi sxva araferia, Tu ara xedi kurelas fotoaparatisaTvis: `kurelam eqsponome-tri amoiRo. daxeda, aparati daayena da am dros Wauxebze gad-movidnen yomrali Rrublebi da yvelaferi uferuli da uRim-Ramo gaxda~. mTaSi amindi swrafad icvleba, mzem gamoanaTa da kurelamac Seusrula tixonovs danapirebi. `kurelaSi~ dazustebulia tixonovis momavali poemis saTauri _ `sergo mTaSi~. barem aqve vityvi, rom poema 1958 wels dabeWdila, misi arseboba arc ki vicodi. is miZRvnili yofila saqarTvelos xanmokle damoukideblobis erT-erTi damaqcevaris _ sergo orjonikiZisadmi.

ukana gzaze, uecari Tavsxmisagan Tavdasacavad wamoxu-rul kldis qveS Sefarebul kurelas, drois mosaklavad (Tu dardis gansaqarveblad), vaJasaTvis gaundvia zogi ram Tavi-si cxovrebidan: `kurelam miambo, rogor icxovra italiaSi erTi weli upasportod da mere dawera wigni `mosulni uniR-bod~. germaniaSi nacistebis gamarjvebis Semdeg parizSi ga-davida. safrangeTis okupaciis Semdeg iatakqveSeTSi iyo, `maki~-Si. mere londonSi gaaswro. bolos moskovSi iyo omis damTavrebamde.

_ ramdenjer gadarCenila... _ gavifiqre~.vaJa gigaSvili, `nadirobis trfiali~ Tu fanatikosi, co-

ta ar iyos, xiblgafantulia kurelaTi, romelic didad ar dainteresebula amRis xatis Tavze Camokidebuli samocamde jixvis uzarmazari TavrqiT, arc xevsurebis Zveli, war-

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marTuli rwmeniT: àSkaraa, rom kurela savsebiT gulgrilia nadirobisadmi. kurela turistia. ...magari, Warmagi kurela TeTri TmebiTa da msxvili nakvTebiT, magonebs romeliRac `telmanovel~ muSas `defas~ filmebidan~.

am konteqstSi `turisti~, cota ar iyos, uaryofiTi Sefe-rilobisaa, arc `telmanoveli muSaa~ aRtacebis momgvreli epiTeti (ernst telmani, 1886-1944 _ germaneli komunisti, antifaSisti, oqtombris revoluciis Semdeg dauaxlovda ru-seTs, mokles buxenvaldis sakoncentracio banakSi). yovel `sabWoTa~ bavSvs unergavdnen mis pativiscemas, is ki ara da, lanCxuTis erT-erT sofels, yofil Sromisubans `telmani~ daarqves; `defa~ gaxldaT germaniis demokratiuli respub-likis kinostudia, romelic zedmetad ideologizirebuli, mdare xarisxis filmebiT gamoirCeoda. rogorc mosalod-neli iyo, avtori ar amJRavnebs gansakuTrebul pietets `saucxoo~ ucxoelisadmi. utendencio narativis miRma mainc ikveTeba TanagrZnoba ubedurebis vaJkacurad gadamtani ada-mianis mimarT.

im mwiri cnobebis mixedviT, rac qarTul universalur enciklopediasa (avtori _ germanisti SoTa reviSvili) da rusul literaturul enciklopediaSi moviZie, agreTve, gu-ram rCeuliSvilisa da vaJa gigaSvilis moTxrobebSi gabneu-li cnobebis safuZvelze, _ alfred kurela mesaxeba rTul, gambedav, `Wirsa Sigan gamagrebul~, bevris momswre, Tavga-dasavlebis moyvarul, ganaTlebul da niWier pirovnebad.

igi daibada oderis bJegSi, poloneTSi, 1895 wels. iyo mw-erali, mTargmneli, kritikosi, Jurnalisti; flobda fran-gul, italiur, rusul enebs (1934-1954 wlebSi ruseTSi cx-ovrobda). Targmna lui aragonis, taras SevCenkos, nikoloz tixonovis, agreTve, vaJa-fSavelas, simon Ciqovanis, irakli abaSiZis, ioseb noneSvilis Txzulebani. 1956 wels germanul enaze gamosca dasuraTebuli albomi `mSvenieri kavkasia~.

ueWvelia, rom guram rCeuliSvilsa da vaJa gigaSvils war-modgenac ar hqondaT mwerlis politikuri moRvaweobis Ses-axeb; arada, misi `dosie~ Tu `kurikulum vite~ STambeWdavia:

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iyo germaniis komunisturi partiisa (1918) da komunisturi internacionalis aqtiuri wevri, rogorc Cans, iyo ruseTSi, sadac Sexvda lenins (`guglis~ rusuli versiiT _ 1919 wels Cavida moskovSi leninTan, viTarca germaniis kompartiis kurieri).

avtoria wignebisa `me vcxovrob moskovSi~ (1947); `gza le-ninisaken~ (1967). vaJa gigaSvilis `kurelas~ mixedviT, erTi weli upasportod (savaraudod _ aralegalurad) cxovrob-da italiaSi, Semdeg dawera `mosulni uniRbod~ (Tu `muso-lini uniRbod~? SesaZlebelia, es koreqturuli Secdomac iyos, radgan rusul vikipediaSi miTiTebulia, rom 1933 wels nacistebma dawves misi wigni `Mussolini ohne Maske~).

kurelas gamosaTxovar sityvaSi zedmiwevniTi sizuste, SesaZloa arc iyos daculi: òci welia, rac elpide kurela Cemi meuRlea, is xuTi Svilis dedaa... iyo eqimi, bevris sic-ocxle uxsnia mas. elpides Zalian uyvarda sabWoTa kavSiri, sabWoTa xalxi da gansakuTrebiT kavkasia, saqarTvelo. is afxazeTis mTebSi cxovrobda da muSaobda eqimad sami weli~ (`sikvdili mTebSi~), magram qarTuli enciklopediis mixed-viTac, kurelas saqarTvelosTan didi xnis megobroba akav-Sirebda (1928 wlidan), isic naTqvamia, rom 3 weli cxovrobda afxazeTis sofel fsxuSi (gulrifSis raioni).

germaniis demokratiul respublikaSi dabrunda 1954 wels, iyo iohanes bexeris saxelobis laipcigis literaturis institutis erT-erTi damaarsebeli, germanuli xelovnebaTa akademiis enisa da literaturis seqciis xelmZRvaneli. gar-daicvala berlinSi, 1975 wels.

rusuli eleqtronuli wyaro ufro dawvrilmanebul da, sakmaod moulodnel cnobebs gvawvdis: 1926-28 (asea!) wlebSi kurelam SeirTo valentina nikolaevna sorokoumovskaia, SemdegSi _ cnobili mTargmneli. misi warmomavloba erTob burJuaziuli iyo, radgan bewvis mwarmoebelTa mdidari ojaxidan gaxldaT. rasakvirvelia, dabejiTebiT verafers vityvi: elpide albaT mwerlis meore colia; maTi òcwliani qorwineba~ (ix. `sikvdili mTebSi~) 1937 wlidan unda iRebdes saTaves.

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1928 wels kurela Turme ruseTSi cxovrobda da `kom-somolskaia pravdas~ redaqtoric iyo. leopold averbaxs ùltramemarjvene formalisturi Secdomebis~ gamo mwvaved gaukritikebia, albaT amitomac, 1929-31 wlebSi germaniaSia. italiaSi samecniero (Tu politikuri?) mivlinebiT yofila. 1934 wlidan kvlav moskovSia. sabWoTa moqalaqeoba 1937 wels miuRia, swored im wels, roca misi umcrosi Zma, Jurnalisti henrix kurela daxvrites.

sofel fsxuSi 1946 wels dabinavebula (eqim colTan er-Tad), aqedan iwyeba misi gataceba xatviT, ZerwviT, alpiniz-miT... mis sapativcemulod, mdinareebis _ kizgiCisa da CxalTis SemaerTebel uReltexils kurelas saxeli ewoda. samSoblo-Si omis Semdgomac ar dabrunebula: xeli miuwvdeboda kom-internis saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis saidumlo masalebze, Cans, sabWoTa uSiSroebis samsaxuri amitomac `ver eleoda~ mas. germaniis demokratiul respublikaSi mxolod 1954 wels dabrunda. miRebuli aqvs mravali jildo. 1969 wels `defasa~ da `mosfilms~ misi wignis mixedviT gadauRiaT erToblivi filmi `На пути к Ленину~.

erT ucnaur damTxvevazec unda gavamaxvilo yuradReba: afxazeTis maRalmTiani sofeli, sadac kurelam 3 weli gaat-ara, swored is fsxua, romelic germanelebma 1944 wels dai-kaves, Tumca sabWoTa jarma isini maleve ukuagdo. vin icis, sad iyo am dros kurela: moskovSi Tu sabWoTa uSiSroebis specsamsaxurSi. im urTierTgamomricxavi cnobebis gamo, rac masze gavige, erTob iWvneulad vuyureb kurelas biografias.

rogorc Cans, kurela saqarTveloSi kvlav xSirad Camo-dioda, ZiriTadad, mTaSi samogzaurod. yofila arxotSic, amis erT-erTi mowme mec var.

elpide kurelas daRupvidan ramdenime wlis Semdeg bedma gamiRima da didi mecnierisa da pedagogis, Tsu vaJa-fSavelas kabinetis damaarsebel grigol kiknaZis eqspediciis monawi-le gaxldiT. moviareT piriqeTa xevsureTi, Satilis Semdeg arxotisaken aviReT gezi. umSvenieres, magram xifaTian mTas bevri ubeduri SemTxveva axsovs. amaze tragikulad daRu-

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pulTa saxelobaze maTi axloblebis mier sagangebod amoSen-ebuli ankara wyaroebic metyvelebs; magram arxotis gzaze ucxoelis daRupva da, metadre, misi iqve dakrZalva sruli-ad moulodneli ram iyo. `sikvdili mTebSi~, rasakvirvelia, wakiTxuli gvqonda, guramis saxelic bevrjer dagvxvda win, xevsurebs igi ar daviwyebodaT. axielis Semdeg amRisaken wavediT, gzaze gamyolma im wamaxul lodzec migviTiTa, romelic elpides myisieri sikvdilis mizezi gaxda. SevCeriT elpide (Tu elfride?) kurelas saflavTan, fotoc gvaqvs ga-daRebuli. saflavi movlili da mixeduli dagvxvda. marTali giTxraT, yvelas uCveulo, auxsneli Zrwola dagveufla ucxo mxareSi germaneli qalis euli saflavis gamo.

`garSemo mTebi iyo aziduli. kideganadan Rrubeli mo-dioda da xeobaSi uzarmazari Crdilebi daZrwodnen. kurelam didi dro gaatara mTebSi, mainc ucxo iyo aq yvelaferi, ucxo da ucnauri; xalxi ucnobi, mdinare civi, xmauriani. es iyo ucxo mxare~ (`sikvdili mTebSi~).

amRaSi Casulebs, meore dRes Cvenma `pirvelma yoCma~ jum-ber TiTmeriam (SemdegSi cnobilma kritikosma da Cinebulma mTargmnelma) amRis saxatis naxva SegvTavaza, biWebma iuares (albaT nabaxusevni iyvnen), mxolod vaJa-fSavelas kabinetis TanamSromels nani wereTels da me gagviCnda amisi survili. gza agvebna da civ da sakmaod Rrma (welamde) patara mdi-naris piras aRmovCndiT. saocrad Ronierma jumberma (Cemma Tanakurselma) tomarasaviT Semigo zurgze da gaRma gamiy-vana. nanim, romelic Cemgan gansxvavebiT alpiniadebzec iyo namyofi, iTakila; Tumca swraf dinebas mainc ver Sebeda da jumberma xelCaWidebuli gamoiyvana. mcire xnis Semdeg ukac-riel saxatesac mivadeqiT, jiqur davadeT Tavi da samiveni Sig SevediT, davaTvaliereT Sesawiravi _ ulamazesi vercxlis nakeTobani (rasakvirvelia, maTTvis adgilic ki ar Segvicv-lia). sad iyo da sad ara, Suaxnis xevsuri wamogvadga Tavze (anki rogor dagvinaxa!) stumarmaspinZlobis wess ar uRala-ta, Tumca sakmaod mkvaxed agvixsna, rom qalebis adgili iq ar iyo. jumberma, yvelasTan iolad rom urTierTobda, megruli zrdilobiT da Cveni sadaurobis gacnobiT (`vaJa-fSavelas

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nakvalevze~ _ ase erqva Cvens eqspedicias, vaJas saxeli ki `paroliviT~ iyo xevsureTSi), maleve moigo misi guli. sax-atesTan Soriaxlo myofebs, arxotionma Tavadve gamogvitana alfred kurelas Senawiri vercxlis Tasi rusuli warwer-iTurT, isic dasZina, rom germaneli mwerali axal meuRles-Tan erTad iyo Camosuli elpides saflavis mosanaxuleblad. manve gagviwia megzuroba (mdinare aRar Segvxvedria) da ufaT-erakod dagvabruna amRaSi. jumberi mere siciliT kvdeboda, ase miTxra, Sen kargi biWi yofilxar, ras dadixar am gogoebT-an erTad, eseni albaT komkavSirlebic ki iqnebiano!

vaJa gigaSvilis `kurelas~ arsi, is, risTvisac daiwera es patara, magram Zalze STambeWdavi moTxroba, finalSi war-moCndeba: `guSin, circlovanis xevSi, uReltexils qvemoT davmarxeT kurelas coli. mas Tavi hqonda qvaze gaCexili. Sublze hqonda TiTis simsxo naxeTqi. igi karavSi SevaxvieT da davmarxeT kldis Ziras. saflavi weraqviT ver gavTxareT, mT-lad tini iyo da dinamitiT avafeTqeT~...

axla, roca am marTlac SemaZrwunebeli tragediidan nax-evar saukuneze metia gasuli, vfiqrob, rom kurelas ucx-oeloba Tu `germaneloba~ bevrs arafers niSnavs: rogorc bi-ografiidan Cans, mis Tavze wisqvilis qva ar datrialebula, Torem ra ar gamoucdia 61 wlis manZilze! aqedan unda iReb-des saTaves misi gasaocari TavSekaveba da gawonasworebulo-ba, ramac ase ganacvifra maSin sruliad axalgazrda biWebi _ guram rCeuliSvili da vaJa gigaSvili (dRes prozis maestrod rom mesaxeba).

àlbaT sikvdils yvela erTnairad ganvicdiT, qaTvelebic, germanelebic, mxolod sxvadasxvanairad gamovxatavT. ...roca kvdeba, CvenTvis zaria, imaTTvis raRac aucilebeli... ar vici, SeiZleba is meti grZnobaa, vidre es dekoratiuli Cveni dar-diviT. Tumca vin icis, arc me vici~ (guram rCeuliSvilis moTxrobis Savi variantidan).

uecar sikvdilTan pirispir Sexla albaT pirveli iyo mis-Tvis; miuxedavad Txrobis utendencio da dokumenturi ma-nerisa, aSkaraa guram rCeuliSvilis moTxrobis didi emoci-uri zegavlena mkiTxvelze da Tanalmobis grZnobis gamowveva masSi.

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manana kvataia

mega-samyaro minimalisturi konturebiT

misi mxatvruli narativi inovaciuri TematikiT, gabedu-li SemoqmedebiTi ZiebebiTa da mignebebiT xasiaTdeba. guram rCeuliSvilma, axalgazrda, uniWieresma mweralma, sxvadasxva sferoSi scada kalami: proza, dramaturgia da... poezia, diax, rCeuliSvilis poezia! misi leqsebi 1957-1960 wlebiT TariR-deba. ̀ werda, razec moxvdeboda.. rogorc dRiurebi mowmoben, maincdamainc kmayofili ar rCeboda am eqsperimentebiT.. yve-la mis mier mosinjuli Janridan daufaravad moedineba misi pirovneba~ (marina rCeuliSvili). poeturma Semoqmedebam av-toris dafaruli Alter ego-s siRrmiseuli sivrceebi airekla.

1950-1960-ian wlebSi samwerlo asparezze gamosulma SemoqmedTa axalma Taobam gansakuTrebuli misia ikisra: am droidan `qarTuli mwerlobis Temad iqceva adamianis Sida-fsiqikuri struqturebis winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTi, Rrma konfliqturoba, adamianis poziciuri aramdgradoba samya-roSi, mokled, sakiTxTa da problemaTa is wre, romelic zogadad damaxasiaTebelia egzistencializmisaTvis~ (manana kvaWantiraZe). SemoqmedebiTi Zieba, gansxvavebuli Tematika da aqcentebi, axali formebi Tu konceptebi qarTuli mwer-lobis ganaxlebis momaswavebeli gaxda.

am konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT guram rCeuliSvilis po-eziac. inovaciuri mignebebi, zusti, originaluri xatebi, ax-leburi ritmika Tu azris siRrmiT gamowveuli emocia _ is markerebia, romlebic ase gamoarCevs am poetur eqsperimentebs.

gansxvavebuli da TviTmyofadia avtoris weris teqnika da azrovnebis stili. guram rCeuliSvils uari uTqvams trad-iciul, gariTmul striqonebze: ò, maRalo bunebav, Tu dam-bade poetad, riTmis grZnobac unda mogeca~, _ wuxs igi 1960 wliT daTariRebl CanawerSi. mwerlis arCevani Tavisufal, arakonvenciur leqsze SeCerda da amiT is erTgvarad poeziis Soreul fesvebsac mieaxla. àrqauli forma qarTuli wyo-

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bilsityvaobisa SedarebiT ufro Tavisufali, uriTmo leqsi unda yofiliyo. igi dResac SemorCenilia zogierT qarTve-lur enasa da dialeqtSi~ (akaki xinTibiZe).

Tavisufali leqsi avtors gamoxatvis ganusazRvrel SesaZleblobas sTavazobs. amave dros, is metrikis Tvalsaz-risiTac gansxvavebulia. `poetur teqstSi, romelsac metri ar aregulirebs, bgeras TiTqos unda daekarga Tavisi Zala. magram ase ar xdeba. teqstis grafika gvikarnaxebs, nawarmoebi aRviqvaT, rogorc leqsi. saleqso struqturaze warmodgenis SeqmnisTanave ki bgeriT wesrigs vamCnevT, Tu igi realurad arsebobs~ (Teimuraz doiaSvili).

Cans, guram rCeuliSvilis, rogorc Semoqmedis, Sinagan mxatvrul Tu saazrovno struqturas arakonvenciuri leqsi ufro Seesatyviseboda da, marTlac, misi meSveobiT mweral-ma SesZlo, Seeqmna sakuTari poeturi mega-samyaro, origi-naluri xatebiTa da konceptebiT.

1960 wels Seqmnil usaTauro leqsSi guram rCeuliSvili asaxelebs im pirvelmizezs, ramac mas poeziis ucnobi sivrcee-bisaken ubiZga. amave dros, aq misi poeturi samyaros Soreuli konturebic ilandeba:

`radgan leqsebis wera daviwye,unda vTqva kidec, ra miyvars leqsSi:me vetrfi, me vgrZnob, me xotbas vasxamim poetur bundovanebas, romlis TiToeuli

nawilic sinaTliT sunTqavs~.

aramiwier naTels, enigmur zebundovanebas adevnebuli, sxva, astralur ganzomilebaSi gadasaxlebuli poetis xati saocari eqspresiiT warmodgeba:

`tramalis SuaSi davdeqi me martokaimdeni sivrce da haeri iyo gareSemorom sunTqvis meSinoda.daikarga mze Tavis zenitSi

daikarga Cemi sxeuli usasrulo mxareSi da

uceb ucnauri ZaliT vigrZeni Cemi arseboba~.

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`me momeria didi survili davwero Cemi biografia~, _ vkiTxulobT sxva, aseve konceptualur leqsSi. aq avtori pi-robas debs: `vecdebi viyo moridebuli zedmiwevniT da Tavm-dabali~. marTlac, teqstSi guram rCeuliSvilis cnobili xati axali, moulodneli StrixebiT ivseba. mwerali CamoTvlis Tavis saukeTeso Tvisebebs, saubrobs megobrebze, romelTa Soris ar arian: dante, uitmeni, tolstoi. imave leqsis mixed-viT, rCeuliSvilis simpaTia daumsaxurebia mefe oidiposs _ `Tavisi vnebiT, Tavisi bediT~, hamlets _ yvela sisus-tiT, Cail harolds, napoleons _ Tavisi poziT, hitlers _ Tavisi sigiJiT. leqsSi gvxvdeba paradoqsuli fraza: `da miy-varda lenini – ratom, ar vici?!~ mwerals itacebs bediswera, `rogorc erToba kacisa da bunebis yvela kanonebis~. mas xib-lavs balaxi Tavisi siCumiT, “da kaci Tavisi nerviuli xmiT~. saocaria avtoris mxatvruli migneba: “me vici; cocxal sam-yaros aqvs ori xma: kacis da mxecis~.

guram rCeuliSvilis poeturi eqsperimentebi dRevandel, ocdameerTe saukunis, poezias exmianeba. am leqsebis avtori minimalizmis mimdevradac gvevlineba: misi stiluri novacia tropTa, metaforaTa minimalisturi gamoyenebis tendencii-saken ixreba, amasTan, aqcenti azrze, gancdasa Tu ganwyobaze gadadis.

cnobilia, rom Tanamedrove, uswrafesi teqnologiebis xanaSi literaturasa Tu xelovnebaSi upiratesobas xSirad mcire formebs aniWeben, Tumca minimalisturi poezia Soreul saukuneebSi iRebs saTaves. amas mowmobs iaponuri leqsi, romelic, formis simciris miuxedavad (“minimalisturi in-formacia”) zRva emociebs iwvevs.

minimalizmi, rogorc mxatvruli azrovnebis esTetikuri koncefcia, meore msoflio omis Semdeg iwyebs damkvidrebas da 1960-ian wlebidan ukve farTod vrceldeba. mis sawyisebs xedaven konstruqtivizmSi, dadaizmSi, futurizmSi, abstraq-cionizmsa da mSral geometrizmSi, rac mTavaria, pop-artSi. minimalistur qmnilebaSi aqcenti vizualur mxareze gadadis da xazgasmulia wminda formalisturi Ziebani.

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Tavis poetur eqsperimentebSi guram rCeuliSvili zusti, minimalisturi konturebiT gadmoscems mega-samyaros uTva-lav fers, waxnags, xmas.

`kldeebs Sua quCi amosula _

momwvano, swori balaxi.

quCis Sua gadis biliki

diliT aivlis naxiri~,

_ wers avtori erT-erT leqsSi. davakvirdeT am eqspresiul striqonebs: peizaJi fer-

werul tilos gvagonebs, Txzvis minimalisturi manera ki gancdis siRrmes aZlierebs. imave leqsis sxva strofSi gare-mos STambeWdav suraTs avtoris xatic emateba:

`mTa maRla xeobaze,xeoba _ dabali mTaze,me vzivar xeobaSida

vfiqrob zRvaze~.

leqsi `yavis sma~ sityvismieri naturmortis STabeWdile-bas tovebs. saganTa ritmika, ferTa originaluri gama Tu gra-dacia erTmaneTSi geometriulad gadadis da ganumeorebel warmosaxviT sivrces gvTavazobs:

`sufra yviTeli

doqi doqisferi

doqi Savi

doqi Savi da yavisferi

finjnebi uferuli

kedlebi mwvane, wiTeli

sufra yviTeli

skamebi Jami~.

rogorc irkveva, guram rCeuliSvils iaponuri poezia izidavda. mis arqivSi Semonaxuli yofila iaponuri poeziis krebuli, erT-erT dRiurSi ki mwerals CauniSnavs: ìaponuri

51

poeziis gavleniT daviwye miniaturebis wera~. mas sul 25 min-iatura Seuqmnia.

guram rCeuliSvils xiblavda iaponuri leqsis emociuri da azrobrivi siRrme, sadac ̀ teqsti arRvevs drois qronolo-giuri Tanmimdevrobis kanons da sinqronuli erTdroulobis yalibSi ganaTavsebs avtorsa da mkiTxvels~ (irma ratiani). az-ris Ziebas iaponuri poeziis erT-erTi kanonad Tvlian. rCeu-liSvilis leqsSi wina planze swored azris primatia. poetur eqsperimentebSi avtori originaluria rogorc gancdiT, ise TematikiT. gamovyofT ramdenime xats.

mwerali sulis siRrmemde SeuZravs saqarTvelos erT-erTi umSvenieresi kuTxis did tragedias. leqsSi `daicala xevsureTi!~ Rrma grZnoba samiode enigmuri, alegoriuli striqoniT gadmoicema:

`gogoTur Sehkravs afSinasaragvi mouklebs sirbils,

oTxwyalSi saxli dgas daclili~. napoleonisadmi miZRvnil leqsSi kvlav minimalisturi

monaxazebiT, kinematografiuli sizustiTaa daxatuli egvip-turi zmaneba:

`da dagdebuli cxvirCamtvreulisfinqsi udabnoSimze ubeduri, mze bednieriqari Zlieri

da gaSxvarTuli sfinqsi udabnoSi~. qaris xati rCeuliSvilis sxva leqsebSic ilandeba:

`grZelfexa jojom xrioki dasera.Rmuoda qari._ qalaqi Zveli~.Rmuoda qari~.

samstriqonian leqsSi, romlis saTauria `qmris dabrune-ba~ avtori amjeradac qaris TanxlebiT, kvlav minimalisturi naxevartonebiT warmoadgens uZlieres gancdas:

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`qarma moubera xriokSi:

mtveri avarda sadRac

cremli SeimSrala qalma~.

TvalSi sacemia rCeuliSvilis poeziis urbanistuli xa-siaTi. `modernistuli poezia qalaqis poeziaa~, _ wers zaza SaTiriSvili. amgvar leqsebSi `bunebriv~, `pastoralur~ leqsikasa da xatweras urbanistuli prozauli metyveleba da Sesabamisi poeturi ena anacvlebs. guram rCeuliSvilis poet-ur eqsperimentebSi xSirad gvxvdeba qalaquri peizaJi, Cndeba axali, qalaquri tipis, lirikuli gmiri.

`farTo quCa asfaltiani quCa nacrisferi, Savimtveri, atlokili qariTqari Zlieri, saSiSi~ _

ase cxovlad CarCenia mwerlis cnobierebas urbanistuli peizaJis fragmenti. sxvagan xati kidev ufro eqspresiulia: iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom avtorTan erTad, mkiTxvelic realurad miuyveba Zvel quCas:

`qvebi,

qvebi,

qvebi dafenili.

qvafenili.

mtveri.

nafexuri~.

leqsSi statikur siluets dinamizms matebs qari, romel-ic kvlav araerTxel aSrialdeba sxva striqonebSi:

`da sadRac qari, asfexa qarigadamxmar yvavilebs miapyrobs Rames

da gadasuli skamidan feri~.

rCeuliSvilis zust Sinagan mzeras qalaquri yofis sxva detalebic aRubeWdavs. avtori azrobrivad kvlav quCebs ub-rundeba da sakuTar Tavsac qalaqis peizaJis nawilad aRiqvams:

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`tramvai migoravs quCaze,

quCa ar aris farTo,

quCa ar aris viwro.

gurami dgas da icdis,

eweva sigarets “primas”.

tramvai midis~.

Zalze originaluria guram rCeuliSvilis mimarTeba pa-triotizmTan. erT-erT rusulenovan leqsSi is wers, rom mas sZuls sicrue, yovelgvari ìzmi~ da, gansakuTrebiT, pa-triotizmi. marTlac, mwerlis poetur eqsperimentebSi nak-lebad gvxvdeba samSoblosadmi miZRvnili yalbi, momabezre-beli striqonebi, Tumca, amave dros, misi patriotuli muxti uZlieresia. amis dasturia leqsi `me momeria didi survili, davwero Cemi biografia~, sadac imedgacruebuli mwerali bediswerasac ki sayvedurobs:

`ratom toveb CrdilSirusTavels da saqarTvelos,ratom? ratom? ratom?

xom ar geSinia sakuTari Tavis?~

Rrma, tkiviliani, tragikuli da moulodnelia imave leq-sis bolo refreni:

`damaleT, damaleT, damaleT

es qveyana!~

guram rCeuliSvilis poeziaSi alag-alag mwerlis iduma-li Alter ego-c ilandeba. erTgan vkiTxulobT:

`movxucdebi? ras daveZeb, ras vidardebim wlebs, rac ar mqonia,axalgazrda ar vyofilvar,

ara vdardob~.

daRupvamde mcire xniT adre rCeuliSvilis leqsebSi gan-sakuTrebuli siZlieriT zRvis stiqionis gancda da gardu-

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vali aRsasrulis providencialuri SegrZneba ikveTeba. mwer-lis aforiaqebul fiqrebSi SemoiWreba miusafari mezRvauris xati, sakuTari bedisweris Sesaxverad rom mieSureba:

win, sulelo mezRvauro,

win, sulelo qariviT

ubinaov qariviT

ugzov qariviT..

Wkviani xedavs da ar eSinia

mxolod suleli ver xedavs verafers

verc talRas, verc wvimas, verc qars, verc zRvas~.

zRvis saSiSi, Tavneba stiqionis wamlekav TareSs eqspre-siulobas matebs misi erTaderTi megobris, qaris xatic:

`dabere qaro

ar moiwyinos zRvam..

zRvas mxolod erTi megobari yavs,

suleli qari

zRva didia da ar unda navTsayudari

qari zRvis megobaria da

roca iRleba masTan TamaSiT

masTan isvenebs ToliebTan erTad~.

gansakuTrebul emocias iwvevs tragikul aRsasrulamde cota xniT adre dawerili, dedisadmi miZRvnili striqonebi:

`deda!

ar Camoxvide zRvaze,

zRva Zalian Relavs..

is tyuila Relavs

is qarisagan Relavs

Sen ki uTuod daixrCvebi Relvisgan zRvaSi~.

mwerlis sulieri saxecvlileba aSkaraa: igi TiTqos ukve sxva ganzomilebaSia da sakuTar Tavsac sxva sibrtyidan uyurebs:

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`me Tolia var da qarTan erTad mlaSe

talRebs veTamaSebi

qari qris TavisTvis

zRvisTvisac sulerTia Toliis bedi

Toliasac ara aqvs Tavisi dardi

arc qarSi aqvs bina

arc zRvaSi aqvs bina

arc xmeleTze“. winaswar gancdili sabediswero poeturi xatebi male sas-

tikma realobam Secvala: 1960 wlis 23 agvistos gagraSi didi tragedia datrialda. nugzar wereTels gagrel TviTmxil-velTa mogonebaze dayrdnobiT aRudgenia guram rCeuliSvi-lis daRupvis umZimesi suraTi: Zlieri Relvisas adamianTa gadasarCenad zRvaSi Sesulma guramma `muqi ruxi, jibeebiani xalaTi pliaJze miagdo, gabeduli da gamocdili mocurav-is msgavsad uzarmazar talRebs qveS Seuvarda. bediswera ukve talRebze idga. gurami ibrZoda, napirisaken modioda, moiswrafoda, veeberTela talRa ki ukan abrunebda. mere... kidev gaibrZola, erTxel axeda dabla daweul cas da talax-isfer talRebSi gauCinarda... TiTqos sikvdils eTamaSeboda, TvalebSi uyurebda da arc ufrTxoda~.

`daumTavrebloba! _ ai, Cemi sufTa qarTuli, yvelaze adamianuri tragedia~, _ vkiTxulobT guram rCeuliSvilis erT-erT dRiurSi. es sityvebic winaswarmetyveluri aRmoC-nda: axalgazrda mwerlis cxovrebis gza da misi Semoqmedeba talRebze mdgarma bedisweram daumTavreblobis daRiT aRbeWda!

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maka joxaZe

guram rCeuliSvilis erTi moTxrobis gamo

(baTareka WinWarauli)

***evropuli sinamdvile icnobs mxatvruli teqstis Sefase-

ba-recenzirebis avtoriseul formas, roca avtori valde-bulia gamomcemlobas, Tavis prozaul Tu poetur teqstTan erTad, warudginos nawarmoebis konceptualuri mxare. lite-raturaTmcodneobiTi xerxebiTa da saSualebebiT isaubros sakuTari mxatvruli nawarmoebis rogorc Seqmnis ideaze, ise misi ganxorcielebis gzebze, formalur Ziebebze... am tipis mxatvruli nawarmoebebi avtorTa komentarebiTa da Sesavali werilebiT kargaxania Tanamedrove rusul literaturaSic gvxvdeba (tolstaia, pilniaki, akunini, petruSevskaia...). pi-radad me, arasodes damaviwydeba is STabeWdileba, romelic Cemze moaxdina Cveni literaturaTmcodnis nino darbaiselis mier dawerilma recenziam poet nino darbaiselze.

vfiqrob, msgavsi moTxovnebi erTgvar testadac ki sWird-ebaT sagamomcemlo industriis mesveurebs, raTa Semowm-des mwerlis talantis, misi niWierebis ara mxolod emoci-uri mxare, fantaziisa da xilvebis simZlavre da masStabebi, aramed, pirvel rigSi, inteleqtualuri begraundi, radgan meoce-ocdameerTe saukune, Tavisi mrwamsiTa da suliskveTe-biT sruliad gamoricxavs (ukeTes SemTxvevaSi, eWvis TvaliT uyurebs) TviTnabadi talantebis arsebobas samyaroSi. ami-tom, rogorc keTilSobil liTonebs, ise niWierebidan oqro-saviT iRebs sinjs, raTa xarisxis mauwyebeli beWedi dasvas.

saocaria, es tendencia, romelic momavalSi SesaZloa erTgvar `sagamomcemlo kanonadac~ ki iqces CvenSi, ra adre gvxvdeba qarTul sinamdvileSi.

guram rCeuliSvils aqvs moTxrobebi, romelTa swored Sesaval nawilSi mJRavndeba nawarmoebis koncefcia, dasamu-

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Savebeli Temisa Tu ideis, an Tundac ambis xorcSesasxme-lad wmindad mecnierul doneze Catarebuli mzadeba (epo-qis, drois, sivrcis, geografiul-istoriuli arealisa Tu fsiqologiis, adamianuri resursis kvleva)... msgavsi samec-niero ieris matarebeli fragmentebi imdenad organulad jdeba mxatvruli teqstis qsovilSi, grZnob, rogor exmareba igi mkiTxvels personaJisa Tu mTavari gmiris xasiaTis gasa-gebad. Sesavalsa Tu teqstSi ganfenil am tipis fragmentebSi Cveni tradiciebis, zRaprebis, folklorisa Tu miTologi-is Seswavla-gaanalizebis meSveobiT erovnuli mentalobis maxasiaTebeli mTeli rigi Tvisebebi mJRavndeba, mkiTxvelis Tvalwin peizaJTan erTad personaJTa gasaocari sicxadiTa da utyuarobiT Seqmnili saxeebi gadaiSleba. amgvar moTxro-baTa Soris, piradad CemTvis, sanimuSoa guram rCeuliSvi-lis àlaverdoba~, ùsaxelo ufliscixeli~ da `baTareka WinWarauli~.

es ukanaskneli pirdapir mweral-mecnieris, mweral-mkvlevaris dakvirvebiT iwyeba:

ìSviaTia iseTi mTa-samosaxlo, rogorc xevsureTia. Tu-SeTs, xevs, svaneTsac ki aqvs vake adgilebi gaSlili qedebis ZirSi an xeobebis gaswvriv, mxolod es kuTxe gauwiravT Rmer-Tebs cicabo ferdobebisa da basri Wiuxebis anabarad~.

bolo winadadebaSi winaTgrZnobasaviT ikiTxeba ganwiru-lobis, e.i. tragikulobis laitmotivi (gnebavT intonacia), romliTac gajerebulia es patara moTxroba.

Semdeg gaanalizebulia mTis cxovrebis wesi, xatobebi, TavSeyris Jami, sruli mobilizeba omianobis dros da a.S. da-narCeni dro ki midis marto kacis brZolaSi bunebasTan da sa-kuTar kerp-agresiul xasiaT-vnebebTan, romelTa TiToeuli wvrilmanis gamoxatuleba danaSaulze `cxvar-Zroxis gad-axdis~ kanoniT aris gansazRvruli.

mogexsenebaT, rom mediatorobis instituts mTaSi mTeli rigi specifiuri iurisprudenciuli kanonebi aqvs SemuSave-buli, romlis mixedviTac mTaSi sisxlis gamosyidvis xangr-Zlivoba Svidi-rva Taoba grZeldeba. uaRresad damTrgun-

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veli `sazareli procesebiT~ _ mkvlelis ojaxis sazaralod da WirisufalTa sasargeblod. magram am dauwerel kanonTa dakmayofileba, anu wlebis ganmavlobaSi cxvar-Zroxis miRe-ba sisxlis aRebis nacvlad, xevsuruli kacuri adaTiT sircx-vilad iTvleba. `jvarperangiani vaJkacebi ki sircxvils ar Wamen arasdros da erT mkvlevalobas, xSirad, mTeli gvarebis amowyveta mohyveba xolme. sapasuxo sisxlis aReba, patiosne-bis dacva Tavisi Tu micvalebulis sulisa gacilebiT maRla dgas aq, vidre raime socialuri anazRaureba~...

da yvelas, visac moTxroba axsovs, namdvili Semoqme-dis mier dawerili es saocari formulirebac emaxsovreba: àq poezia ganukiTxavad batonobs prozaze, poezia Tavisi ùlogiko~ vnebebiTa da gamoxatvis Seudarebeli dramatuli simSvenieriT. SemTxveviTi ar aris rom aq folklori, awyo-bili xevsuruli leqsiT, Tavisi R i r s e b i s SegrZnebiT, klasikur simaRleze adis. yvela xevsuri, rogorc wesi poet-ia. yvelaze kargs ki imaTgan is dawers, romelic sxvaze metad da RirsebiT itanjeba, vermiRweulis leqsiT Sepyrobili leqsis Tqmamde.

aseTi leqsia TavisTavad mokle droSi legendad qceuli Satili~.

pirvel formulirebasTan dakavSirebiT, albaT, gagax-sendebaT meore utyuari daskvna SemoqmedebiTi procesidan gamomdinare Semoqmedis mierve: `vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebuliT tkbobaSi~.

rac Seexeba Rirsebis dacvas _ yvela droSi did Zalisx-mevas moiTxovs adamianisagan, miT ufro, meoce saukunis ada-mianisagan, romelSic tanjva da Rirseba ori erTmaneTisagan ganuyofeli, erTmaneTisgan gamomdinare cnebaa. RirsebiT cx-ovreba, Rirsebis SenarCuneba am uRirsebo saukuneSi, romel-Sic yvela tabu moxsnilia da adamianis uflebebis dacvis saxeliT, adamianisave mTliani damcroba da gapirutyveba xdeba, sruli dacileba im xatisagan, riTac adamiani Caifiqra da Seqmna uzenaesma.

1959 wels guram rCeuliSvili erT vrcel leqsSi wers Sem-deg striqonebs:

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`cocxal samyaros aqvs ori xma kacis da mxecis~

es dakvirveba, SesaZloa, dRevandeli samyaros, dRevan-deli msoflios metaforad gamodges, romlis wiaRSic (real-obaSic), rogorc zRaprebSi erTmaneTs upirispirdeba kaci da mxeci, keTili da boroti, Savi da TeTri, maxinji da lamazi. Tavisuflebis saxeliT samyaroSi, raxania, midis apokalif-suri procesebi.

guram rCeuliSvilis eqvstomeulis mesame tomSi, romel-Sic `baTareka WinWaraulia~ Setanili, moTxrobas erTvis marine rCeuliSvilis komentarebi am moTxrobaze. sanam ko-mentars gagacnobdeT, oriode sityviT minda vTqva im kolosa-lur da siRrmiT gamorCeul Sromaze, romelic mwerlis dam Caatara. maTi wyalobiT, mwerlis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis anatomia mTlianobaSia Seswavlili da xelisgulze dadebuli. es aris Sroma, romelic institutebisa Tu sakvlevi centre-bis koleqtiur, gundur Rvawls utoldeba. am TvalsazrisiT marine rCeuliSvilma ara mxolod sakuTar Zmas, guram rCeu-liSvils dasdo fasdaudebeli Rvawli, aramed mTel qarTul filologiur samyaros.

ai, ra weria komentarebSi `baTareka WinWaraulis~ Seqmnis Sesaxeb: (gv. 384):

`1959 wlis agvistoSi gogi oCiauri da gurami erTmaneTs Sexvdnen restoran ̀ gemoSi~. restornis Semdeg wavidnen kiro-vis baRSi. bevrs laparakobdnen Turme xevsurebze. gogi oCiau-rma Tqva: me vuambobdi, Tu rogor Zlierad aqvT xevsurebs ganviTarebuli `dolg Cesti~, amitomac xevsureTSi Zalian xSiria-meTqi, vuTxari, axalgazrdebis TviTmkvleloba. mere movuyevi, rom erT patara gogos unda waeRo dedisaTvis sam-kalSi saWmeli, daaviwyda, TamaSSi gaerTo. mamam usayvedura, roca deda mSieria da Sen gelodeba, ra dros TamaSiao. patara gogom Tavi CamoixrCo xeze. maxsovs guramma mkiTxa, mamamiss ra erqvao. saxeli ar maxsovda, nu vTqvaT, baTareka-meTqi, vuTxari. patara gogos TviTmkvleloba movuyevi rogorc

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erT-erTi rigiTi ambavi, rogorc ilustracia xevsurebis am Tvisebisa, radgan wyenis, Tavmoyvareobis Selaxvis gamo, Tav-is mokvla xevsureTSi ambad ar iTvleba...~

SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom swored guram rCeuliSvilis TaobisaTvis gaxda mTa gansakuTrebuli ltolvisa da in-teresis sagani. mTa, rogorc nakrZali Rirsebis, sisufTavis, ubiwobis. swored am Taobis yvelaze mgrZnobiare warmomad-genlebma daafiqsires saukeTeso adamianuri Tvisebebis, Rv-Taebrivi, maradiuli Rirebulebebis gadinebisa da samyaros udabnod qcevis procesi. bibliuri Webi ki mwyurvalTaTvis erTgulad inaxavdnen wyals.

arc isaa SemTxveviTi, rom ori gurami _ guram TikanaZe da guram rCeuliSvili pirovnuli Tvisebebisa da cxovrebis wesis gamo mTis siwmindisa da Rirsebis identobad iqcnen. Sem-dgomi Taobebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi baZavdnen maT yvelafer-Si, Cacmis maneridan dawyebuli, mTaSi ganuwyveteli mogzau-robiTa da megobrobiT _ ficvercxliT damTavrebuli.

ra Tqma unda, iseve rogorc uamravma ramem, mTamac katastrofuli siCqariT ganicada rogorc moraluri, ise fizikuri rRveva. ramdenadac rainduli, RirsebiT aRsavse iyo mTielTa cxovrebis wesi, imdenad sacodavi da sapyari Sesaxedi Seiqmna TiTo-orola moxucisamara darCenili mTis regioni. imedad isRa rCeba, rom qarTuli literaturis axal-gazrda Taobamac gaiTavisa ara mxolod erovnuli, aramed es globaluri satkivaric, magaliTisaTvis davasaxeleb arCil qiqoZis mier Seqmnil brwyinvale moTxrobas `wasvla~.

xevsurul dialeqtze dawerilma teqstma Tavidan, cota ar iyos gamaRiziana, magram male mivxvdi, rom mTis umZafresi tkiviliT aRsavse procesis gadmocema, qarTuli enis swored am dialeqtiT SeiZleboda. esaa forma Sinaarsis zusti Tanx-vedra. ufro metic, es dialeqti TiTqos Tavganwiruli mcde-lobaa imisa, rom xevsureTidan wasvla SeCerdes. mTidan aSlas, keriis moSlas, gadaSenebas, gaqrobas, gaCanagebas mw-erali TiTqos formiTac, dialeqtis akustikuri JRerado-biTac (romelic gacilebiT arqaulia, vidre saliteraturo

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ena) ewinaaRmdegeba. TiTqos surs Cvens cnobierebaSi, xsov-naSi dasaviwyeblad ganwiruli es dialeqtic Catovos. me arc eTer TaTaraiZis aseTi fanatikuri erTguleba sakuTari di-aleqtisadmi maRali poeturi Rirebulebebis gamosaxatavad, meCveneba SemTxveviTobad...

***qals ar Seuracxyofs oTx kedels Sua yofna. piriqiT,

qvecnobierad, mas mere, rac samoTxis baRi dakarga, swored am oTxi kedlis SemosazRvruli sivrcis ZiebaSia, radgan saxli, bina mas sWirdeba Tavisi qaluri misiis aRsasruleblad, axa-li sicocxlis gasaCenad da dasacavad.

kacs Seuracxyofs oTxi kedeli. misi energia, mamris monadire buneba, bolos da bolos, masSi Cabudebuli qaosi masStabebsa da sivrces iTxovs. amitomaa uqmad yofna ba-TarekasaTvis aseTi damTrgunveli. amitomaa aseTi aRrenili, gaburZgnuli, zamTris labirinTSi gaxveuli. am gauqmebuli, Sededebuli energiis simZime janRad awevs mTel moTxrobas.

erTi SexedviT, mziac uqmad zis koSkis zeda sarTulze, ma-gram es uqmad yofna sxva ganzomilebaSi ikiTxeba _ ocnebis, aristokratiulobis, yofaze amaRlebulobis ganzomilebaSi (gavixsenoT mwerlis sityvebi: àq poezia ganukiTxavad ba-tonobs prozaze~). amitom gogonas sxeuli, mTeli misi arseba lurji frinveliviT dafrinavs. igi araa Caketili, Seborki-li, mijaWvuli. igi absoluturad Tavisufalia, gasulia am lokaluri sivrcidan, rasac koSki hqvia, mTa hqvia, weliwadis dro _ zamTari hqvia. amiTac jobnis kacs, amiTac aRizianebs mamas. baTareka zamTris gasvlas elodeba, Caketili gzebis gaxsnas. `pankisSi marTebT misi sisxli, omaloSi unagiri moh-pares, vercxliT nakazmi, aTi imdeni TviTon dauSava sxvebs. ver isvenebs saxlSi gamomwyvdeuli~.

baTareka, qvecnobierad swored am Tavisuflebas, am si-maRles ver patiobs Svils, swored amis gamo uRrens da xels gaartyams (silas gaawnavs) pirmomRimar qaliSvils. da ara imis gamo, rom avadmyof dedas ver uvlis, an Tundac saojaxo

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saqmeebSi tradiciulad Cabmuli qaliviT cibrutiviT ar trialebs da dRedaRam ar fusfusebs keriasTan. mziaTi gak-virveba mxolod gurams (mwerals) SeuZlia: `zis qurqSi gamox-veuli es ucnauri aristokrati qali, romelic bunebam aq, Sa-tilSi, gaaCina da elis~.

baTarekas gakvirveba ar SeuZlia, baTareka mxolod braz-deba da iRrineba.

silis gawna ki _ esaa sakuTari uasparezobisa da usu-surobis SegrZnebiT aRZruli Surisgeba mTels samyaroze, arSemdgar cxovrebaze, romelSic aseTi ucnauri siioliT dafrinavs misi erTaderTi qaliSvili...

qarTul prozaSi (literaturaSi) Tuki vinmes misamarTiT iTqmis drouli sikvdili _ mzias misamarTiT. es samuraebis TviTmkvlelobasac hgavs, Rirsebis Selaxvis zRvarze rom Cadian suicids. mzia Tavs iklavs, raTa gadarCes. es TviTmkv-leloba (motivirebulia) uaris TqmiT SeCvevaze.

vin icis, ramdeni gogonasaTvis gaurtyams mSobels xeli, magram amas tragikuli dasasruli ar mohyolia. mwerlis mier imdenad Semzadebulia garemo, samyaro, mTis sociumi da fsiqologia tragediisaTvis, rom mzias TviTmkvleloba su-lac ar gveCveneba moulodneli.

Sua mTebSi gamoketili es marTlac ucnauri aristokrati aravis miscems uflebas (miT ufro _ mamas), pirovnuli Rirse-ba Seulaxon, Seuracxyon misi qaluri ocnebebi, pirovnuli me da Tavisuflebis usazRvro wyurvili. mzia imdenad mar-Tali da bunebrivia, rom aseve marTali da bunebrivia misi reaqcia usamarTlobaze. SemTxveviTi araa, rom baTareka in-tuiciiT, gumaniT grZnobs gaucnobiereblad Cadenili cod-vis avismomaswavebel Sedegs da Tavad veRar bedavs koSkis zeda sarTulze asvlas: `meore dRes, sadilobisas, avad gamx-dari deda augzavna saWmliT Svils. Werxos SuaSi, gamqrali Suacecxlis jaWvze CamoexrCo mzia baTarekas asuls Tavi~.

da mainc ucnauria, magram ver vityviT, rom am moTxrobaSi sikvdili imarjvebs sicocxleze. swored rom piriqiT, rad-gan umizezod Seuracxyofili, galaxuli sicocxle myisi-

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erad gadawyvets: Tu erTxel moudrika Tavi usamarTlobas, SesaZloa, mTeli cxovreba qedismoxrasa da monobaSi gaata-ros uxeSi Zalis, cxovrebis winaSe.

es aris moTxroba, roca sicocxle imarjvebs cxovrebaze. roca cxovrebis boRma da WuWyi ver ereva siwmindes, ar xdeba aRreva, aTqvefa.

guram rCeuliSvilis dros jer kidev SeiZleboda aseTi moTxrobis dawera, an iqneb sikvdil-sicocxlis, ubiwoba-bi-wierebis zRvarze gasvla, magram ara yvelas mier.

sanam guram rCeuliSvili Tavis pirvel moTxrobas da-werda da mwerlad mogvevlineboda, adre, jer kidev adre, Soreul bavSvobasa Tu biWobaSi, igi ukve pirovneba iyo. SesaZloa, iyo namdvili profesionali, gqondes brwyinvale teqnika, didi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebac, magram Tu rCeu-liSviliseuli sisufTavec ar gagaCnia, Tavi rom moikla, oc-daeqvsi wlis biWisa da Tormeti wlis gogonas ucnaur urT-ierTobaze (`naTela~) verasodes dawer ise faqizad, rogorc es guram rCeuliSvilma moaxerxa. SemTxveviT xom ar werda sentbevi erT reaqcionerze: `samwuxarod mwerlis mxolod talanti hqondao~.

nakadulebi aumRvrevlad mxolod simRerebSi kvdebian. `mzia baTarekas asuli~ simReraa. simReras ver daiWer, ver gasres, ver moixelTeb, rogorc haers, rogorc mTaSi Zaxili-dan wamofrenili eqos TareSs.

es moTxrobac, iseve rogorc guram rCeuliSvilis araer-Ti moTxroba, winaswarmetyvelebiTaa dawerili, radgan yve-la namdvili mwerali winaswarmetyvelia, oRond erTicaa, rogorc erT Tavis adreul leqsSi ambobs gurami:

`winaswarmetyvelSi miyvars misi kacuri tanjvada ara misi winaswarWvreta~

RirsebiT, TavisuflebiT `lamazi sikvdili~... Tuki vinmes misamarTiT iTqmis qarTul literaturaSi, swored guram rCeuliSvilis misamarTiT iTqmis. misi gmirebic masaviT la-

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mazad kvdebian da swored amis gamo maradiulad cocxloben (`sikvdili mTaSi~, `munji axmedi da zRva~, `mzia baTarekas asuli~, `Semodgoma babua kotesi~...) Cvens gulebSi.

1984 wels filarmoniaSi gamarTul mwerlis xsovnis saRa-moze Cemi gamosvla ase daviwye: ̀ ras ar ityvian didi mwerlebi! odesRac cinizmis iStaze mosulma balzakma mwared ukbina im-droindel frangul sazogadoebas, rodesac Tqva: `xelovanma unda moaxerxo, icxovro burJuasaviT da iazrovno RmerTiviT...~

dRes, rodesac es sityvebi bevrisaTvis sabediswero aforizmad iqca, ganuwyveteli simSvidis, sifrTxilis, Cau-revlobis, awon-dawonisa da liqnis wyalobiT umravlesobam moaxerxa `burJuad qceva~ da balzakis xumrobasaviT naTqvam striqonebs bevris SemoqmedebiTi talanti Seewira, gansa-kuTrebiT mogvenatra guram rCeuliSvili. albaT, sul male qarTul yofaSi dadgeba periodi, roca ara mxolod mona-trebad, aramed sasicocxlo moTxovnilebad iqceva mis msgavs pirovnebaTa arseboba~.

darwmunebuli var dRes ukve, im saRamodan ocdaaTi wlis gasvlis Semdeg, pirovnebebis deficiti da maTi arsebobis sa-sicocxlo moTxovnileba qveynisTvis da piradad CvenTvis, vinc am darbazSi vimyofebiT, gamwvavda da aTasjer gaizarda.

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maia jaliaSvili

guram rCeuliSvilis narativi

ra gamoarCevs guram rCeuliSvilis prozas? umTavresad, misi weris stili, Txrobis manera, romelic saocari, erTi SexedviT, SeumCneveli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. is xan mTlianad uCinardeba Txrobisas, xan romelime niRbiT Semoi-Wreba da yovelTvis poulobs mkiTxvelis gulamde pirdapir misasvlel gzas, rac mxolod didostat mwerlebTan gvxvdeba. masac SeiZleba eTqva markesiviT, „icxovro, raTa mohyve“. am moyolis gareSe mas ar SeeZlo. es iyo misi bediswera. swored am bedisweram Seaqmnevina àlaverdoba~, `devebis cekva~, `ba-Tareka WinWarauli~, `sikvdili mTebSi~, `munji axmedi da si-cocxle~, `TvirTvila~ da sxva moTxrobebi, piesebi, leqsebi. weris vnebaze, rogorc demonur Zalaze, romelic Crdili-viT dahyveboda da mosvenebas ukargavda, xSirad msjelobda CanawerebSi: „me minda viyo mwerali, Tanac didi, mere ra, me Cemi fiqrebisa ar meSinia“.

mravalmxrivoba _ ganfena samyaroSi da amgvarad usas-rulo dro-sivrcis aRqma da gadmocema, adamianis, rogorc maradisobis nawilis SegrZneba, survili sakuTari arsebidan gasvlisa, misi mTavari safiqrali iyo. es kargad Cans am Cana-werSi: „mTebSi davdivar, alpinisti ara var, universitetSi vswavlob, rogorc deda ityvis, „studentis saxe“ ara maqvs, Rvinosa vsvam, loTi ara var, cxenze jiriTi miyvars _ mxe-dari ara var, vCxubob _ didi gamrtymeli ara var, guluxvi var _ fuli ara maqvs _ cariela guli vis rad unda? Seyvare-buli var _ sayvareli ara myavs“.

es erTdrouloba, mTeli sisavsiT gancda sicocxlis mravalgvarobisa, romelic irekleba mis moTxrobebSi, qmnis kidevac misi narativis Taviseburebas. mas surs iyos aq da sxvagan: aq _ es yofieri, materialuri dro-sivrcea, awmyoa, erTgvari CarCo, romelsac gaarRvevs sityvis saSualebiT. swored sityva, Txroba aZlevs mas Zalas iyos sxvagan _ warsu-

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lis, legendis, zRapris, miTis aramaterialur dro-sivrceSi. amgvarad abams is interteqstualur kavSirebs dayofil da dafantul dro-sivrceebs Soris da moCvenebiTi, yofierebis zedapiruli safarvelis miRma arsebul erTiani samyaros mx-atvrul models qmnis. amgvari sisavsisa da mTlianobis ganc-da xSirad uCndebaT mis personaJebs, mis alter-egoebs: ̀ roca sagnebi kargaven wonas da kacs SeuZlia haerTan SeerTeba~ (`naTela~). aq metaforulad gamoTqmulia wyurvili sam-yaros pirvelsawyis stiqiebTan (miwa, wyali, haeri, cecxli) SeerTebisa. am `SeerTebas~ (am sityvis qaragmuli mniSvnelo-biT) is axorcielebs sxvadasxva gziT: an literaturisTvis cnobili paradigmebis, an axali mxatvruli saxeebis, an ab-straqtuli musikaluri variaciebiT, romlebic lirikul na-kadebad SemoiWrebian TxrobaSi. Semecnebis am gzaze misTvis mniSvnelovania yvelaferi, adamianTa mier wvrilmanad Tu msxvilmanad daxarisxebuli. misTvis ar arsebobs saganTa da movlenaTa amgvari klasifikaciebi, misTvis yovelives axsni-li Tu auxsneli funqcia da daniSnuleba aqvs, amitomac mniS-vnelovania misTvis yoveli STabeWdileba, mzis cqeriTa Tu qoSis cqeriT aRbeWdili. is mxatvrul Rirebulebad aqcevs nebismier rames, rac misi gonebis, sulis, SegrZnebis sivrceSi SemoiWreba. amitomac misi Txrobis struqturis matricad SeiZleba miviCnioT `me~, samyaros aRmqmeli Tu Semmecnebeli. es `me~ transformirdeba yovelwamierad da ganefineba re-alursa Tu warmosaxul sivrceSi. Tu arsebobs `me~ _ arse-bobs samyaro.

misi novelebi, miniaturebi gvaoceben Txrobis xvadasxva rakursis monacvleobiT ise, rom mkiTxveli verc ki amCnevs, rogor gadainacvlebs misi mzera materialuridan warmosax-ulisken an piriqiT. Txrobis erTgvari jvarsaxovneba, revaz siraZes Tu davesesxebiT, xSirad misi moTxrobebis mTavari sayrdenia, struqturis moqnili xerxemali. misi Txroba xan-daxan mogvagonebs firosmanisa Tu van gogis naxatebs, rom-lebzec aRbeWdilia wiTelperanga meTevze, lanCamZvrali fexsacmeli Tu kartofiliT savse kalaTa. ise dawmendilad

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da naivurad gadmogvcems SegrZnebebs, Tvalis pirvelaxeli-sas rom SeiZleba hqondes adamians. erTaderTi dabrkoleba mxolod sityvierad gamoTqmaa, swored es dabrkoleba iyo mZlavri impulsi yvelgan da yovelTvis ewera. mis Canawe-rebsa da moTxrobebSi Cans, rogor daeZebda individualur stils, raTa es mtanjveli gancda, adamianis droSi arsebo-bis tkivilisa, gadmoeca: „jer yazbegs vbaZavdi, mere vin icis, vis~. „RmerTo, ra davaSave, rom wera damawyebine! ver gami-fiqria rame, rom Cawera ar momindes an ubralod, an leqsad, an moTxrobad _ namdvili tanjvaa, _ romelsac Tavs ver vaR-wev, rogorc herakle Tavis Tormet davalebas“.

is, am SemTxvevaSi, miemsgavseba sizifesac, romelsac mis-jili aqvs lodis atana mwvervalze, guram rCeuliSvilisT-vis es lodia wera, xolo mwvervali _ raimes Seqmna, mere isev daugordeba lodi da Tavidan ezideba. yoveli asvla mwver-valze _ bednierebaa, romelic ikargeba da Tavidan unda eZio. „mxolod maSin var bednier, roca var Sewuxebulio“, _ es wuxili vaJasTvisac gaigivebuli iyo SemoqmedebasTan, rogorc TviTon ambobda, „wminda xelobis“ msaxurebasTan („Cemi vedreba“).

wera iyo guram rCeuliSvilisTvis `giJuri siamovneba~ da is TandaTan damokidebuli xdeboda masze, romelic Tan tanjavda da Tan abednierebda. weris survils aRZravda yove-live, rasac xedavda, ganicdida Tu warmoidgenda. es iyo far-uli naRmebi, romelsac weriT aneitralebda. sjeroda, rom es naRmebi mkiTxvelTa gulsa, sulsa Tu gonebaSi afeTqdebod-nen da Secvlidnen masac da samyarosac. norma, saSualooba mas aRizianebda, amitomac realur yofaSic gaurboda da mx-atvrul samyaroSi personaJTa niRabs amofarebuli sxvanairi, marginali xdeboda.

Tanamedrove literatoris, viki mehefis erTi saintereso dakvirvebiT, `xelovneba da cxovreba erTmaneTis Setriale-buli sarkisebri gamosaxulebebia. swored amitom joisi ar cdilobs, rom misma gmirebma iolad moagvaron TavianTi prob-lemebi. Tuki mkiTxvelsa da teqsts akavSirebs Sebrunebuli

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mimarTebebi, xom ar unda vigulisxmoT, rom gmirebis war-matebebi azaralebs mkiTxvelebs? da iqneb gmirebis marcxma mkiTxvelebs sulieri simxneve mianiWos? joisis warmosaxul samyaroSi teqsti warmogvidgeba rogorc ekali an jvari, romelzec aRmocendeba da ifurCqneba axali realobebi. Se-mecnebis an gardasaxvis mizniT avtorica da mkiTxvelebic “unda mielursmon umowyalo warmosaxvis jvars”, (Tamar lo-miZis Targmani, http://lib.ge/book.php?author=803&book=6118).

guram rCeuliSvilis warmosaxul samyaroSic mxatvruli teqsti erTgvari ekali an jvaria, romelzec aRmocendeba axa-li realobebi. erT CanawerSi vkiTxulobT, rom mas moswonda joisis dublinelebis ciklis moTxroba `mkvdrebi~. aman uf-ro gagvimZafra STabeWdileba, rom raRac keTilismyofeli gavlena hqonda joisis am moTxrobebs masze, radgan misTvisac mniSvnelovania cxovrebis nebismieri fragmenti, erTgvari Ria dasasrulebiT, cxovrebis mdinaris nebismieri talRis moxelTeba da aRwera.

moskovis quCebSi upasportod moxetiales milicieli rom gaaCerebs vinaobis gasarkvevad, eubneba, mwerali varo. mis-Tvis mwerloba ganicdeboda, rogorc samyaros moqalaqeoba. mxolod amgvarad amarTlebda sakuTar arsebobas.

mis monaTxrobSi ostaturad sinTezirdeba istoriuli Tu gamogonili ambebi. avtoris sainteresod mignebuli niR-bebi mkiTxvels moTxrobili ambebis SuagulSi moaqceven da fiqciuri TamaSebis aqtiur monawiled aqceven. mis Semoqmede-baSi gamoikveTeba TxrobiTi diskursis sxvadasxva saxe. mas ainteresebs yovelwamieri adamianuri dramebi, ocnebisa da realobis Sejaxebisas warmoqmnili, romelic nebismier dro-sivrcul arealSi, nebismier scenaze SeiZleba gadamaSdes. mis moTxrobebSi adamianuri vneba-gancdani imdenad materiali-zebulia, xelSesaxebia, rom iolad garadaiqmnebian kinosTvis damaxasiaTebel vizualur xatebad.

mwerali iyenebs klasikuri yaidis TxrobiT strategiebs, magram Taviseburi, ganumeorebeli elferiT mosavs. maT So-ris, SeiZleba gamovyoT: 1. sada, magram saintereso siuJetebi;

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2. zomierad CarTuli deteqtiuri elementebi, romlebic amaRleben mkiTxvelis molodinis daZabulobis xarisxs; 4. ma-radiulad aqtualuri problemebi, sulisa da xorcis Widili; 5. monologebi da dialogebi, romelTac, erTi mxriv, axali Tvalsazrisis Seqmna da, meore mxriv, ambis ganviTareba mos-devs. 6. bunebrivad, araTvalSisacemad moxmobili tropebi. 7.laRi, gaSlili, eqspresiuli, msubuqi Txroba. 8. inteleq-tualizmis niSniT aRbeWdili msjelobani.

mwerali intuiciisa da alRos wyalobiT SesaniSnavad axer-xebs Txrobis òqros Sualedis~ moZebnas da qmnis Txrobis mwyobr sistemas.

wera iyo misTvis erTgvari TamaSi _ niRbebis cvla. amas xedavda msoflios saukeTeso mwerlebTan, amitom xSirad fiqrobda maTze. moswonda tolstois òmi da mSvidoba“_ „yvela xazi uzarmazari, msuye, codna cxovrebis da yvela de-tali erTad, rac ki odesme SeumCneviaT sxva mwerlebs. me mgo-nia, tolstois Semdeg yvela mwerali iyo udidesi Tavxedi, rom saerTod kalams mokida xeli. Tu asea, CemisTana Tavxedi jer ar dabadebula“.

xSirad wuxda: „RmerTo Cemo, rogor Znelad xdeba CemSi yvelaferi, ramdeni unda vewamo, ramdeni dReebi unda viSfo-To, versad vera vgrZnob TviT yvelaze mxiarul drosac Tavs kargad, raRac codva mawvalebs da es codva mawerinebs da wera maZlevs zurgs, rom Cems TavSi gaverkve, rogorsac mom-cemda aTi kacis mokvla. me weras udidesi mkvlelobis niSnad miviCnev, Tu ufro metad ara. CemTvis es saSineli wamebaa _ yvela dajdoma, yvela simarTle... magram me es mWirdeba imi-sTvis, rom Cems TavTan marTlis Tqmis ufleba movipovo. rad minda es? es me ar minda. es undaT Cems demonebs, romlebic ar masveneben erTi wamiTac“

moTxroba `baTareka WinWaraulSi~ wers kidec: `yvelaze kargs ki maTgan igi dawers, vinc sxvaze metad da RirsebiT itanjeba vermiRweulis vnebiT Sepyrobili~.

misi weris survili inspirirebulia sxvadasxva wyaroTi, romelTa gacnobierebasac is moTxrobebis weriT cdilobda.

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swored es gacnobiereba, garkveva sakuTarsa Tu samyaros arsSi aris misi mTavari ambavi, romelic yvela moTxrobaSi variaciebiT warmoCndeba.

`meterlinki ambobs _ Tu sokrate dRes saxlidan gava, naxavs Tavisi karis diresTan mjdom brZens. Tu iuda amaRam gaudga gzas, igi mas iudasTan miiyvans. yoveli sicocxle bevri dRea. sakuTar arsebaSi daviarebiT da vxvdebiT yaC-aRebs, moCvenebebs, goliaTebs, bebrebs, ymawvilebs, colebs, qvrivebs, rayif Zmebs, magram isev da isev mudam sakuTar Tavs vxvdebiT“, _wers joisi ùliseSi~ (igi a, citatas imowmebs meterlinkis wignidan `sibrZne da bediswera~). swored es Cans guram rCeuliSvilis moTxrobebSi, sakuTar arsebaSi xetiali.

mTavari aris sicocxlis narativi, yofierebis egzis-tenciis mxatvruli warmoCena. is yovelmxriv utrialebs si-cocxles, mis farulsa da xilul gamovlinebas.

amasTanaa dakavSirebuli sikvdilis narativi, rogorc si-cocxlis ganuyofeli nawili. amitomac ar aRiqmeba sikvdili, rogorc dasasruli, aramed axlis dasawyisi, sxva formiTa da sxvagvar ganzomilebaSi. „xSirad minatria xolme CemTvis: ne-tavi momkla da Cems dakrZalvas Soridan mayurebina-meTqi“. sakuTar Tavsac dascinis TiTqos amgvari fiqrisTvis: „mainc ra sulelia kaci: erTi bedniereba aqvs, rom Tavis sikvdils vera naxavs da mazec ki dardobs“.

Txrobis stiqia mTeli Tavisi mravalferovnebiT warmoC-ndeba siyvarulis narativSi: „ara, me mwerali ara var! me Seyva-rebuli var! oRond axla ar vici visze! wera mxolod nawilo-briv minacvlebs am siyvaruls... rac irinasTan viyavi, araferi kargi ar damiweria, vmuSaobdi inerciiT, axla ar SemiZlia, rom ar vwero“, „ar mwams mudmivad erTis siyvaruli, magram saerTod mwams siyvaruli, Tumca, erTi rom iyos, minda, saSin-lad viRlebi“.

sikeTisa da borotebis, siwmindisa da codvis narativebic mZlavr energetikul velebs qmnian mis TxrobaSi.

yovelives ki gamsWvalavs Tavisuflebis narativi.

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mwerlisTvis umTavresi Rirebuleba Tavisuflebaa. ami-tomacaa, rom Tavs iklavs mzia WinWarauli, romelsac ukrZa-laven sakuTari Tavidan, realuri samyarodan sxva ganzo-milebaSi gasvlas. sazogadoeba, wes-kanoni, Cveuleba Tu yovelgvari CarCo da norma mas mamis saxiT evlineba. Mmama, am SemTxvevaSi, ganasaxierebs samyaros, damkvidrebulsa da sworxazovans, Svili ki gadaxvevas, sxva gzis arCevas. Aam `gzi-dan cdomas~, rac sxvaTagan gansxvavebulobaSi mJRavndeba. es Sejaxeba tragediiT sruldeba, Tumca TviTmkvleloba aq ufro sazeimo elfers iZens, is sulis gamarjvebas warmoaCens, romelmac moiSora sxeuli, rogorc barieri ucxo samyaroeb-Si samogzaurod (`baTareka WinWarauli~).

`devebis cekva~ erTgvari gasaRebia misi mxatvruli sam-yarosi, romelSic Cans interteqstualuri kavSirebi zRa-parsa da miTTan. mwerali aqtiurad iyenebs sxvadasxva kods, am SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli kulturuli da koleqtiuri mex-sierebis sacavidan da mravalSrian mxatvrul saxeebs qmnis. amg-vari kodebi myar struqrurebs qmnian mis TxrobaSi, romel-Ta calkeuli elementi aRqmisa da gaazrebis sxvadasxva dones Seicavs. mxatvruli sistemis es kodirebuli elemen-tebi qmnian swored guram rCeuliSvilis Txrobis individu-alurobas. adamianuri gonebis wadili Seimecnos dafaruli, farda axados saidumlos, samyarosaviT Zvelia, magram axa-lia misi gamoxatvis forma, romelic guram rCeuliSvilis am moTxrobaSi gvxvdeba. meordeba adamianuri misteria, gada-laxos `bedis sazRvari~. guram rCeuliSvilisTvis sicocx-lis, siwmindis, sikeTis, RvTis saidumlo xelSeuxebelia, iseve, rogorc Seulaxavia TeTnuldis, maradiuli qalwulis umankoeba.

erTi mxriv, dauokebeli swrafva Semecnebisken, meore mxriv, am swrafvis demonuroba, radgan Semecneba dasrule-bas gulisxmobs, rac warmoudgenelia sicocxlis maradiuli arsebobis ganzomilebaSi, amitomac iferflebian Zmebi cecx-lSi, maTi rokva warmoaCens adamianur drtvinvas sazRvre-bis gadasalaxavad. aq SeiZleba interteqstualuri kavSiri

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faustTanac gavabaT. meore mxriv, Zmebi xorjolanebi, deve-bi, xtonuri, bneli Zalis ganmasaxierebelni arian, romlebic miiswrafian TeTnuldis, RvTaebrivis mosapoveblad.

mwerali iyenebs miTologiisa da zRapris paradigmebs, raTa adamianuri arsebobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli es Widili gulsa da gonebas Soris STambeWdavad warmoaCinos. mas erT-gvari miTismqmnelis xedva aqvs da es kargad Cans am CanawerSi: „me mgoni, dialeqtika absurdia, moCvenebiToba, araferi ar icvleba da ar viTardeba. yvelaferi cialsa hgavs da Cvens sust gonebas eCveneba xan ise, xan ase. imdenad pataraa misi horizonti“.

Tanamedrove civilizacia, bunebas mowyvetili, irekleba miniaturaSi `mustangebi~ _ aq sruli gaucxoeba adamianisa bunebasTan, romelic mas mxolod fotosTvis ainteresebs, gadaiRebs, mere gamofens da premiasac miiRebs, magram mus-tangebis bedi aravis aintersebs. saocari sevda Cans am nove-laSi. èrT maTgans gakvirvebuli saxe hqonda. sul nela bo-lavda sicxisgan stepi~ _ firosmanis naxats hgavs. erTi mxriv, ferweruloba aRwerili suraTisa, yviTeli stepi da mustangebi, meore mxriv, musikaluroba, frazebis gameore-biT miRweuli. mwerali axerxebs gadmosces adamianis gul-grilobiT gamowveuli tkivili. mustangis gakvirvebuli saxe STabeWdlebaSi rCeba. azri da emocia erTad ibadeba da mex-sierebaSi aRibeWdeba.

rac ginda, erTi SexedviT, banalur ambavs hyvebodes mwe-rali, masSi yovelTvis igrZnoba, rom es gacveTili yofi-Toba mxolod zedapiria, saburvelia raRac arsebiTisa da ganumeoreblisa. amitomac aris, rom guram rCeuliSvilis moTxrobebSi ar irekleba realuri dro-sivrcis warmavali konfliqtebi, aramed ufro metad imgvari Widili, romelic, zogadad, adamianuri arsebobisTvsaa damaxasiaTebeli.

am TvalsazrisiT, misi Canawerebi SeiZleba misi mxatvruli Semoqmedebis erTgvar gzis maCveneblebadac gamodgnen, rad-gan maTSi kargad igrZnoba mwerlis mTavari wadili mkiTxveli

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gaitacos uRimRamo cxovrebidan faruli `fesvebisaken~, romlebic avlenen namdvil adamianur vnebebs.

mwerlis Ziebis survils warmoaCens sxvadasxva JanrSi wera: moTxroba, piesa, leqsebi, scenarebi. igi erTgan SeniS-navs: „Cemi azriT, piesa ar aris savaldebulo, rom daidgas, unda ikiTxon, rogorc romani, amitom iseve unda wero“. Tvi-Ton sworedac ase wers. xandaxan STabeWdileba rCeba misi sti-luri uwesrigobisa, Tumca es zedapirulia. rogorc TviTon ambobs: „mxatvrul uwesrigobaSi aris raRac norma, Tundac is, rom is mxatvruli uwesrigobaa“.

yuradRebas iqcevs misi scenari `firosmani~. aq naxate-bi metyveleben. es ar aris ubralo aRwera, aramed cocxali urTierToba xelovnebis nimuSTan, romelic adamianma Seqmna da Sig Tavisi suli da guli Caaqsova, Tavisi damokidebuleba samyaros, sicocxlis, sikvdilis, Wirisa Tu sixarulis mi-marT amgvarad gamoxata, raTa meore damianisaTvis gaemxila, ras ganicdida. am SemTxvevaSi, guram rCeuliSvili aRmoCnda im saidumlos damnaxavi da mere sityvierad gadmomcemi, erT-gvari mediumi.

literaturaSi cnobilia, roca erTi didi mwerali meoris nawarmoebs piesad gadaakeTebs, magaliTad, alber kamius `re-kviemi monazonisTvis~ _ piesa folkneris amave saxelwodebis romanis mixedviT.

guram rCeuliSvilis dawerili scenari àluda qeTelau-ri~ (ocdaxTwuTiani kinosTvis) saocrad damuxtuli Txrobaa, gamokveTili detalebiT, TiTqos yovel kadrs aRwers, rogorc calke fotos. magram, am SemTxvevaSi Cveni yuradReba miiqcia musikam, romelic am kadrebs mihyveba, es aris adami-anis mier Seqmnilisa da bunebrivi xmebis saocari mravalfer-ovneba: beThoveni, bluzi da afrikuli `bugebi~ Tanabari in-tesivobiT SemoiWrebian. musika icvleba aRwerili kadrebis kvaldakval: `Wixvini meordeba~, `mxolod cxenis floqvebis xma ismis~. ismis melodia `Samili Seva cixeSi~. `bluzSi yornis xma ipareba~. `melodia locvaa, dinji, auCqarebeli~.`locvis tempi izrdeba. jer bundovnad Sedis musikaSi floqvebis

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xma.~`melodia xeldeba, musikis ritmi izrdeba~, Sig kidev sxva xmebi Sedian; `melodia beThovenis simfoniaSi gadadis~. `simfonia ufro xeldeba da ecema~. `naSalis xma grZeldeba. aq es xma ufro xSiria da aramkveTri~, àm siCumeSi uecrad iWreba Tofis xma. xma izrdeba, mTebs awydeba, grialebs da aTas Tofis xmad iSleba. Sors sul bundovnad ismis wynari melodia~. `melodia Sors ismis, is nerviulia, nawyvetebiT. `SeumCnevlad ipareba bluzis xmebi. xeobaSi gaurkveveli fe-ria. bluzis ritmiT aluda eSveba xeobisaken~. `cxenis flo-qvebi bluzis taqts ureven~. ̀ erTad haerSi afrikuli bugebis xmebi darbian~. `bugebi wydeba da isev bluzi iwyeba~. `bluzi ritmul jazSi gadadis~. `saqsafonebs cvlis marto barabani, an marto nerviuli violino~. `Ramea. ismis melodia daisidan `maros tirili~, asrulebs orkestri~, àludas mokveTis epi-zodSi ìwyeba opera `daisis~ uvertiura~.

mas sjeroda, rom `literaturis azri, idea, adamianTa vnebebis, moqmedebebis, yvelaze mZafri sicocxlismieri situaciebis asaxva iyo, gamowveuli rogorc sulieri, aseve biologiuri moTxovnilebiTac, daaxloebiT iseTive, rogor-ic aris lomisTvis Rmuili da misi msxverplisTvis dawknav-leba. xolo nawarmoebis ena, stili _es aris literaturis garegnuli mxare, zustad iseTi, rogoric aris tansacmeli sxvadasxva epoqaSi sxvadasxvanairi~.

is mudmivad stilis ZiebaSi iyo da werda: àris stili, so-fleli inteligenti, an, ufro meti, qalaqeli fitula, amitom me varCev, viyo xuligani~. rogor SeiZleboda yofis simdoris darRveva? mxolod tanjvis gziT. is xedavda, rom adamianebs mxolod udidesi tanjvis gamcdelni aRelvebdaT: gilgameSi, promeTe, amirani, herakle, ieso qriste.

is sulier, fizikurad gamouxatvel tanjvas ufro Rire-bulad miiCnevda mxatvruli literaturisTvis da TviTon swored amis gamoxatvas cdilobda. misi azriT, Sinaganad tan-juli ̀ adamianebis udides Rirsebas warmoadgens udaxvewile-si artistuloba~. amgvar gmirebad don-kixoti da baironi mi-aCnda. balzakis sityvebs moixmobda baironze: ìs itanjeboda

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mxeciviT uxmod~. maSin rogor esmodaT misi es gancda sxvebs? aq aris baironis saidumlo, saidumlo misTana xalxisa _ ar-tistuloba mTeli Tavisi gaSlili gagebiT _ aCveno unaklod yvelaferi da ar Candes is wvaleba, rasac ganicdi~. mkiTxveli unda SeigrZnobdes tanjvis sidides da ver xedavdes pirda-pir. swored amas axerxebs Tavis moTxrobebSi (`munji axmedi da zRva~, `sikvdili mTebSi~ da sxv).

is fiqrobda mkiTxvelze: Tanamedrovesa da momavlisaze, magram yovelTvis grZnobda yvelaze didi wamkiTxvel-Sem-faseblis mzeras: `me xom dRes kalami mxolod imitom aviRe, rom RmerTisTvis SemeCivla Cemi sakuTari tanjvebi da daus-ruleblad damewyo yvela abzaci `me~-Ti, mimemarTa mxolod RmerTisTvis, e.i. im arsebisTvis, romelic gamigebs Tu ara, Tavis azrs arc erT SemTxvevaSi ar gamoTqvams~.

`radgan RmerTs mxolod azri esmis, xolo adamianebs _ sityvebi, me vimoqmedeb elastiuri kacis eniT, rac SeiZleba momxiblavad, xolo azri, romelic Cemdauneburad dagub-deba sityvebis ukan, mxolod kedlad gamoadgebaT Cems wina-dadebebs, rom myarad daebjinon maT da ar gaifanton uazrod sivrceSi~.

ùcnaur galesil samarTeblis wverze mivdivar me sigiJe-sa da udides normalurobas Soris~. meoce saukuneSi dabade-buli grZnobda, rom hqonda Sua saukuneebis moqalaqis ̀ sule-luri Tvisebebi~. erTi mxriv, ritualuroba, meore mxriv, ugulebelyofa yovelgvari ritualisa. TamaSi da sisadave (àlaverdoba~).

rogori literaturuli sivrce daxvda guram rCeuliS-vils, rodesac wera daiwyo? erTi mxriv, sabWoeTi, Tavisi erTsaxovani socrealizmiT, meore mxriv_ dasavlurameri-kuli literatura Tavisi ekleqturobiT.

araCveulebrivad aanalizebs igi am or urTierTgamom-ricxav sivrces da cdilobs Tavisi gzis povnas.

igi filosofiurad azogadebs Tanamedrove adamianis mTavar satkivars, romelic dResac aqtualuria: misi az-riT, àdamianma gacilebiT gauswro Tavissave Tavs. adami-

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anma, romelmac Seqmna teqnika, ver SeZlo gardaeqmna Tavisi Tavi mis Sesaferad, aqedan gamomdinare, kacobrioba daekida or ukiduresobas Soris – ukiduresad martivsa da ukidure-sad rTul gancdebs Soris~. es iwvevs swored gaorebulobas, sigiJes. misi azriT, normaluri xalxi amis gamo melanqoliaSi vardeba. sagulisxmoa, rom swored am melanqoliurobas mi-iCnevs igi meoce saukunis literaturis damaxasiaTeblad da gamoyofs mis orgvar tips: dasavlur-evropulsa da ameri-kuls, erTi mxriv, da meore mxriv, sabWours. ̀ iqiT satira Secv-ala uazro anglobam. uStrixo xumrobam da ugrZnobo azrma, sadac yovel nabijze sruliad daufaravad ipareba saSineli sicariele, daRliloba, umweoba, (aq SesaniSnavadaa Sefaseb-uli absurdis esTetikis adamiani). misi azriT, uRono cdebia gqondes kidev raime niSani egzotikisa, Zveli saukuneebis mo-qalaqisa, rodesac pirovneba ikveTeboda sivrceSi, TavisTa-vad, xolo axla sivrceSi mxolod koleqtiuri Sromis nayofi _ teqnika ikveTeba, teqnikis ase farTo progresTan erTad moxda erTi adamianis rolis aSkara dacema~. mas ki swored es erTi adamiani ainteresebs, Tavisi ganumeorebeli samyaro-Ti, romelic masTan erTad ibadeba da masTan erTad kvdeba. teqnikurma progresma dasavleli adamiani TiTqos gaabrua, daacarela~ (`saqarTvelos istoriis muzeumSi SemorCenili bloknotidan~, wignSi: `Canawerebi~, inteleqti, 2011).

ras xedavs sabWoeTSi? àq ZiriTadi masa aRtacebulia yve-lafriT. es aRtaceba ucnauri bangia maTTvis. es argamofxi-zleba gamoixateba sigiJemde swrafad aalebad sixarulSi yve-lafris gamo... yvelani sxedan da uyureben ucnaur speqtakls, sadac wamdauwum gamoaqvT droSebi da vaSas iZaxian... vinc ar iZaxis, spoben, rogorc saerTo ganwyobilebis xelovnurad Camgdebs... uCveulo tutucuri aRtacebaa yvelas saxeze gamoxatuli~ (exmianeba jorj oruelis `1984~-s, `cxovelebis fermas~, hainrix biolis ). amgvar sazogadoebaSi moazrovne iriyeba _ Tu dasavlur samyaroSi zizRiT ukuagdeben, sab-WoeTSi sarevelasaviT spoben. adamianuris ganadgureba _ es aris mwerlis mTavari satkivari da Tavisi SemoqmedebiT

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gamoxatavs am adamianuris gamovlinebis variaciebs. igi wuxda, rom samyarodan gaqra yvelaze Zlieri ada-

mianuri, dramatuli, artistuli elementi _ Rrma ukmay-ofilebis gamomxatveli tanjva _ didi xelovnebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli.

misi azriT, sigiJe mxatvruli gmirisa (hamleti, don-kixo-ti, miSkini) mxolod xazs usvamda mis ukiduresad maRal nor-malurobasa da morals, axla ki, piriqiT, normaluri mdgo-mareoba iqca srul sababad gagiJebisTvis, romelmac, Tavis mxriv, tragikulobis yovelgvari elferi dakarga... daiSala, dawvrilmanda da sasacilomde dapataravda.

igi wuxda: sazogadoebis didi nawili me mxvdeba rogorc gadmommRerebels evropuli Tu amerikuli `dakarguli Tao-bis~ motivebisa. sasurveli iqneboda, rom Cemma Teoriulma nawilma mxatvrulTan kavSirSi gaaqarwylos es Sexeduleba da Cven (sazogadoebam, Tqven da me) erTmaneTs pirdapir, gulwr-felad davuwyoT TvalebSi yureba...~

mxolod amgvari gziT, mwerlisTvis TvalebSi gulwrfeli CaxedviT, SeiZleba guram rCeuliSvilis Semoqmedebis ara mx-olod gageba, aramed Txrobis saidumlosTan ziareba, romel-ic gibiZgebs kvlav da kvlav miubrunde mis nawerebs da Tavi-dan aRmoaCino samyaro da sakuTari Tavi.

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amiran arabuli

mTasa da zRvas Sua

qmnadobis umZafresi JiniT da Caumcxrali, energiuli daudegrobiT aRbeWdili zigzagovani gza, romelsac guram rCeuliSvilis cxovreba hqvia, ZiriTad or geografiul si-dides, or toposs, or umZlavres stiqias _ mTasa da zRvas Sua mimoiqceva.

es aris Tavisi masStabebiT gamorCeuli, kerZo adamianis amqveyniuri yofis arsebiT wertilebTan da waxnagebTan aso-cirebuli is qronotopi, gancvifrebaSi rom mohyavs mkiTxveli Tavisi mravalmxrivobiT, uCveulo garegani gamovlinebebiT, araordinalur mwerlad Camoyalibebuli pirovnebis usazR-vro inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebiT...

sazogadoebis saaqao cxovrebis sazrisi uciloblad gulisxmobs gamudmebul qmedebas, moZraobas, nirvanuli udardelobisadmi daumorCileblobas, qaosidan wesrigis Zerwvasa da arsebulis ukeTesobisken Secvlis ganzraxviT yovelwamieri brZolisTvis mzaobas... gaCereba da mdgradi, mkvdrul dumils mimsgavsebuli umoZraoba saxieri niSania sircxviliani damarcxebisa, far-xmlis dayrisa da uazro, uRirsebo cxovrebasTan nebayoflobiTi dazavebisa.

guram rCeuliSvili mTeli Tavisi pirovnuli xibliT da uaRresad TavisTavadi, mkveTrad individualuri mwerluri naturiT eris im mcirericxovan SvilTa Tanamoazre da Tana-mosaqmea, visTvisac „vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebu-liT tkbobaSi“; vinc icis, risTvis movida am codvabralian samzeoze da visi piradi mowodebac, gnebavT, daniSnuleba, ganuwyvetel muSakobaSi, meSromeobaSi, dReebis mdore di-nebasTan dapirispirebasa da dauyovnebel moZraobaSi mdgomareobs...

gavixsenoT mwerlis erTi aseTi Canaweri: „dae, iyos meti Ralati, SfoTi, usiamovneba, oRond ar iyos umoZraoba“.

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da TiTqosda yovelive rutinulisa Tu Senelebulis mi-marT ukompromisobis, metic, aRmavali adamianuri protestis Taviseburi formaa is gansakuTrebuli siyvaruli, rac cxenis mimarT guram rCeuliSvilis damokidebulebaSi gamoixateba.

naTqvamis dasturad „alaverdobis“, „TvirTvilasa“ da „salamuras“ dasaxelebac ikmarebda, magram minda aqve erT yofiT, mwerlis biografiul detalzec SevaCero mkiTxvelis yuradReba: im dRes, roca arxotis mTebSi germaneli mwerlis alfred kurelas meuRle elpide kurela daiRupa tragiku-lad, gurami Tavis megobrebTan erTad axielaSi, oCiaurebis banze ijda da „ludiT simTvrales arayiT iSuSebda“. am dros soflis orRobeSi aRelvebuli mxedari gamoCnda da damx-vdurT momxdari ubedurebis Sesaxeb Seatyobina (es mxedari ucxoeli stumrebis megzuri, imxanad „gepeis“ studenti gigla arabuli gaxldaT). gurami, ise, rom TanamyofTa reaqcias arc ki dalodebia, pirdapir banidan moevlo mxedarCamoqveiTebu-li cxenis zurgs da WimRis kldis mimarTulebiT gauCinarda... am ambis Semswre da TviTmxilveli SoTa oCiauri (baxaT SoTa) mogvianebiT arxotelebisadmi mimarTul guramis amgvar Tx-ovnas igonebda: undoda saidanme Tavxmeli, Znelad dasaurve-beli cxeni moeyvanaT misTvis, raTa giJuri WenebiT ejerebina guli...

fragmenti mwerlis dRiuridan: „mTebSi davdivar, alpin-isti ara var, universitetSi vswavlob, rogorc deda ityvis, „studentis saxe“ ara maqvs, Rvinosa vsvam, loTi ara var, cx-enze jiriTi miyvars – mxedari ara var, vCxubob – didi gamr-tymeli ara var, guluxvi var – fuli ara maqvs – cariela guli vis rad unda...“

mTaze, mTis mwvervalze asvla da iqidan „RmerTTan lapa-raki“ (vaJa) erTeulTa xvedria; mTa, Tavisi konfiguraciiT, cisa da miwis mediumia; is badalia bibliuri iakobis siz-mareuli kibisa, romelic or samyaros, or sknels erTurTTan asaubrebs; mTa, amasTan, sulieri ganwmendis, Sinagani amaR-lebis, sublimaciis adgilia; iq moxvedrili adamiani srul-fasovnad SeigrZnobs Tvalwin gadaSlili qveynierebis si-

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lamazes, usasrulobis xibls, dausazRvravi sivrcis RvTiur siRrmesa da Zalmosilebas... erTia fizikuri mTa, sagnobrivi, xelSesaxebad cxadi da mzeriT aRsaqmeli, xolo meorea is, romelic Semoqmedis arsebaSi, mis gancdasa da gamocdilebaSi aRmarTula da saidanac dabla Camosvla-Camonacvleba, arc-Tu iSviaTad, dacemisa da zegardmo Zalmosilebisgan daclis paradigmad gaiazreba.

mTis xati, mTuri landSafti, maRlobTa peizaJi da pano-rama guram rCeuliSvilis mxatvrul naazrevSi imdenadaa Ri-rebuli da Rirsi yuradRebisa, ramdenadac is mwerlis gmirTa SegrZnebebSi fasobs da mniSvnelovnobs.

„kurela uyurebda cols da fiqrobda: ra kargia mTaSi!...“„_ warmomidgenia, ra siamovnebaa Weneba mTaSi“, _ Tqva

qalma...“mTa, erTsa da imave dros, damndobicaa da gammetebelic.

misTvis, vinc alRos auRebs, Seicnobs da gaiTavisebs, kars gaxsnis da Tavis idumal mRvimeebSi saguldagulod gadan-axul saganZurs gamoaCens...

mTam guram rCeuliSvilis mxridan imTaviTve iniSna ara-pragmatuli, ase vTqvaT, aramomxmarebluri damokidebuleba da arc TviTon dauyovnebia sapasuxo siyvaruli. mTaSi asu-li adgilobrivebs jobnida gansacdelTan SebmaSi, fizikur amtanobaSi, daTmenasa Tu ubelo cxenis WenebaSi. da es ar yo-fila ucnobTaTvis Tavis mowonebis iaffasiani Jesti da man-era. igi ZirisZireulad ecnoboda amay, Tavmoyvare mTielTa sacxovrebiso Wir-varams da maTi gancdebis Tanamonawiled Tvlida Tavs... akvirdeboda, swavlobda da zusti, sruliad adekvaturi sityviT gadmoscemda nanaxsa da mosmenils.

mTa rom daZlio da „daimorCilo“, amisaTvis sagangebo Semzadeba, winare wrTvna da wrTobaa saWiro. rogorc sxeu-lebrivi, aseve sulieri.

sivrculi ganzomilebiTa da sagnobrivi orientirebiT „markirebul“ geografiul garemoSi, sadac Sesatyvisi fun-qciuri datvirTva da daniSnuleba aqvs TviTeul maTgans,

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uTvalsaCinoes adgilze dgas mTa, rogorc gmiris gamocdis, misi marcxisa Tu „marjis“ ganmapirobebeli obieqti. Txro-biTi intonaciiT gajerebul erT uaRresad martiv, TumcaRa filosofiuri sidinjiT niSandebul usaTauro leqsSi guram rCeuliSvili ambobs: „mTa maRalia xeobaze, xeoba _ dabali mTaze, me vzivar xeobaSi da vfiqrob mTaze“.

xeobaSi _ vertikalis uqvemoes wertilSi myofi gmiris perspeqtiva mTaze asvlaa, xolo mwvervalze mdgomisTvis _ Tavqve daSveba, daCiaveba da dabeCaveba, gulsuwadino gania-raReba da Seuqcevadi deheroizacia.

leqsSi Cans sakuTar SesaZleblobebSi bolomde verdarw-munebuli lirikuli gmiris orWofoba da iWvneuli Seyovneba. man zedmiwevniT icis ambavi mTis mkacri xasiaTisa; icis da am-itomac ver bedavs aRma svlis dauyovnebliv dawyebas...

wyurvili mwvervalebze fexis dadgmisa, erTferovani dablobidan macocxlebel simaRleebSi anacvlebisa, mosa-bezrebeli erTferovnebis ukan motovebisa da medin dReTa am gziT gaSinaarsianebisa guram rCeuliSvilis gmirTa erTi nawilis daudegari cxovrebis uTvalsaCinoesi Strixia.

„devebis cekvaze“ darTul komentarebSi marine rCe-uliSvili wers: „guramis moTxrobaTa siuJetebSi romeli-Rac momentidan TiTqos iwyeba gmirebis swrafva simaRli-saken: jer gogani adis yvelaze maRali saxlis saxuravze, gio „naTelaSi“ gadis gzas qalaqidan TianeTis maRali mTebisken. daumTavrebel romanSi gmiri garbis qalaqidan da xevsureTSi yvelaze maRali mTis wverze moeqceva, „devebis cekvaSi“ Zmebi xorjolanebi miiswrafvian dablidan maRla, mTis wverisaken. „alaverdobaSi“ gmiri adis jer burjis Tavze, mere gumbaTis Tavze...“

Zneli warmosadgenia dRe da Ram sawer magidasTan gan-martoebuli guram rCeuliSvili („arasdros ar minaxavs magidasTan mjdomi, sul dadioda, xan mTaSi, xan zRvaze“, _ aRniSnavs erlom axvlediani); arada, isic aranakleb Zneli asaxsnelia, ra sulieri wvisa da SemoqmedebiTi energiis

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uSeRavaTo xarjvis fasad SeZlo dRes ukve solidur eqvs-wigneulSi ganTavsebuli nawerebis Seqmna da mkiTxvelis-Tvis datoveba.

„xan mTaSi, xan zRvazeo...“1958 wlis maisis dRiurebidan: „vdgavar maRal napirze, win zRva. macvia Savi kostumi,

Tavs formaSi vgrZnob. energia, Zala.zRva Relavs. _ o, zRvao, ramdeni saweri maqvs._ zRva._ da zRva Zala“.ver ityvi, romeli erCia da ufro metad eZvirfaseboda _

mTa Tu zRva, is ki cxadia, rom maT gareSe yofna wamiTac ver warmoedgina (iseve, rogorc uzRvod cxovreba warmoudgeneli iyo munji axmedisTvis, tragikuli kacisTvis, visTvisac zRva „arc lamazi iyo da arc uSno“). mTa da zRva _ garkveuli gage-biT, empiriuli samyaros es ori ukiduresi napiri _ qsovda misi bedisweris bades. potenciurad erTic moulodnel xi-faTTan iyo wilnayari da meorec. mainc ver eSveboda da zaf-xulobiT xan erTisken iCqaroda, xanac – meorisken.

„saidan movdivar, sad mivdivar, ra minda, aRmoxda gurams. aRelvebuli, aRgznebuli idga igi mTis wverze, qvevidan amo-diodnen rZisferi nislebi, nislebi amodiodnen marcxnidan, marjvnidan, winidan, uknidan, faravdnen yvelafers, mxolod mis garSemo Wauxs dakidebuli ferdebi idgnen SiSveli, Savi, naoWebSi CarCenili TovlebiT“.

mTis ube–wiaRSi xetialiT daRlili, STabeWdilebebiT aRvsili, gaTanguli da emociebiT dayursuli zRvisken eS-ureboda (SesaZloa ramdenime Tvis mere da ara maincdamainc maSinve!), raTa gulze modebuli cecxlis simxurvale gaenel-ebina. wylis bnel stiqiasTan siaxlove da uSualo Sexeba awewil, aforiaqebul fiqrebs awynarebda da ramdenimedRiani marginaliis Sedegad axal-axali nawarmoebebi iwereboda.

mxedroba (mTa) axelebda, xolo curvas (zRvas) simSvide mohqonda: „curvis dros TiTqmis arasodes ara fiqroben, _

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vkiTxulobT moTxrobaSi „neli tango“, _ gansakuTrebiT _ roca mklauriT midian. albaT amitom miyvars curva da yve-laze metad mklauri“.

zRvis talRebis monotonuri xmauri kosmiur melodiad Caesmoda yovel ucxo Cqamze gafacicebul mis smenas, mzeras misi feri itacebda, xolo yovelive es furcelze Canafiqris gadatanas uwyobda xels: „...mesmis talRebis xmauri, vuyureb zRvas da vwer daboloebas“.

„zRva. mSvenieri zRva Cans aseve mSvenieri Cemi patara fanjridan; talRebi, zRvis Svilebi, keklucad eTamaSebian dedas“.

mwerlis arsebas Tan izidavs, Tanac gaurkvevlobis bu-rusSi hxvevs zRvis amoucnobi idumaleba. uaxlovdeba da, imavdroulad, gaurbis kidec mas. xan Soridan, garkveuli distanciidan cqeras amjobinebs, xanac qvas hkidebs xels da eCveneba, rom zRvas gadaacilebs... erTi sityviT, mwerali in-tensiurad urTierTobs zRvasTan.

daundobeli stiqionis Sesaxeb dedis saubris mosmenisas maradiulobis gancda eufleba mkiTxvels:

„_ ra sainteresoa zRva, ara? _ daiwyo dedam....me dedas Sevxede, uyurebda zRvas. SuadRis mere zRva aRelda“.„ucnaurad uyvarda zRva, _ wers guram asaTiani. _

moTxroba „irina“, romelic axlaxan gamoqveynda, gaJRenTi-lia zRvis sunTqviT. zRva aq adamianiviT cocxlobs, icinis, sulSi Semodis. zRva aris foni siyvarulis – tkbili da mware, eWviani, dauSoSminebeli orTa siyvarulis ambisa... igrZnoba faruli Zrwola zRvis mimarT, masSi raRac mtruli, veragi Zalis SegrZneba“.

guram rCeuliSvili TviTonaa personaJi Tavisi araerTi moTxrobisa Tu Canawerisa. cxovrobs Tavisi gmirebis cxovre-biT (dRiuridan: „me gamovdivar gareT, rom Cemi moTxrobebis gmirTa cxovrebiT vicxovro“). TviTonac ganicdis imas, rac maT stkivaT, tanjavT da awuxebT. cecxlic, romelic uqrob-lad brialebs mis nawarmoebebSi, sazianoa maTTvis.

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yuradsaRebia mwerlis eqvstomeulis Semdgenlis, deta-luri SeniSvnebis, wiaRsvlebisa da komentarebis avtoris marine rCeuliSvilis dakvirveba: „...SegrZneba am cecxlis, TiTqos mudmivad wyalisaken, ganelebisaken rom miiswrafvis, Tana sdevs TiTqmis yvela mis gmirs. „ka da kos“ gulze cecx-lmokidebuli meomari, romelic, wyurviliT Sepyrobili, wylis piras misuli, uwylod kvdeba, am maZiebel gmirTa gan-zogadebul saxed SeiZleba miviCnioT“...

naSromSi „metafora da sinamdvile“ mkvlevari filip uilraiti cecxlis Sesaxeb SeniSnavs: „simaRles, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, metwilad, dadebiTi simboluri konotaciebi See-sabameba. aqedan, cecxlic aseve sikeTes ganasaxierebs, roca ukavSirdeba maRla svlis ideas“.

orientaciul metaforebze amaxvileben yuradRebas jorj lakofi da mark jonsoni. maTi kvlevis sagania sivrcu-li orientaciis opoziciuri wyvilebi: maRla-dabla; SigniT-gareT; wina mxare _ ukana mxare... „msgavsi metaforuli ori-entaciebi, _ vkiTxulobT „metaforis TeoriaSi (М., 1990), _ sulac araa nebismieri ram _ isini emyarebian Cven fizikur da kulturul gamocdilebas...“ da iqve: „bedniereba – maRla; naRveli _ dabla; cnobiereba _ maRla; aracnobieri mdgo-mareoba _ dabla; janmrTeloba da sicocxle _ maRla; ava-doba da sikvdili _ dabla...“

guram rCeuliSvilis mTeli cxovreba _ SemoqmedebisaT-vis mniSvnelovan or ukidures simbolos _ mzes da wyals _ emateba mesamec_ mTa, rogorc sulieri sisavsis, STagonebis, arqaul xmebTan da saxeebTan misvlis, miaxlebis winapiroba, Caunacvlebeli toposi, uromlisodac avtoriseuli xedvis rakursi da diapazoni aseTi farTo ver iqneboda.

mTa da zRva, pirveli cecxlis wamkidebeli, xolo meore _ misi gamnelebeli, is adgilebia, sagnobrivi sinamdvilis is „kuTxe _ kunWulebia“, sadac mTeli Tavisi Semzaravi si-lamaziT SeiZleba iwves sikvdili: „is uyurebda misTvis ucxo sikvdils, romelic mTebs Soris iwva umoZraod („sikvdili mTebSi“); „axmedi umoZraod ijda, ver aiZula Tavi, miaxlo-

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eboda im adgils, sadac iwva sikvdili _ patara, magram saSiSi da ucnobi“ („munji axmedi da sicocxle“).

swored mTisa da zRvis fonze, maTTan kavSiris konteqs-tSi iZens sikvdili konturul simkveTres, mkafio konkre-tulobas; mwvaniT Semosili yvaviliani bunebisa da gaugebar enaze moSriale mariliani wylis wiaRSi cxaddeba da saCinov-deba sasruli adamianuri arsebobis absurduloba da myife, efemeruli buneba.

„TiTqos xeli movkide sikvdils“, _ weria dramatul ro-manSmi „iuloni“. iqvea amgvari dialogi:

„_ xom gaxsovs zRva?_ rogor ar maxsovs zRva“. guram rCeuliSvilis gmirebisaTvis iseve Tanmdevia zRva,

rogorc sikvdili. da, saerTodac, sikvdilze da TviTmk-vlelobaze fiqri, maTi gansja, variaciebi yofna–aryofnis Temaze Zalze xmier, erT uwyvet eqod gasdevs mwerlis pro-zas, dRiurebs, Canawerebs.

„Sen ar ici, ra aris sikvdilis molodini _ aTasjer uare-si, vidre TviTon sikvdili“ („piesa originaluri bolosity-vaobiT da anderZiT“).

„sanam ambavi _ sikvdili ar SemiZlia, unda vwero masze, roca gamoileva, Tavs moviklav, albaT es iqneba erTaderTi ambavi, Tanac yvelaze RirsSesaniSnavi Cems cxovrebaSi, razec ver davwer“ (Canawerebidan).

„SeiZleba im zomamdec ki mivides kaci am sikvdilisgan gamowveuli SiSisgan, rom Tavic ki moiklas _ ho, sikvdils gaeqce Tavis mokvliT“ (Canawerebidan).

mwerlisTvis arc winaswarWvretis, momavlis nisliani la-birinTebis amocnobis, bedisweris ualternativo ganaCenisa da gadawyvetilebis uSecdomod amokiTxvis zebunebrivi un-ari yofila ucxo:

„...iseTi winaTgrZnoba dameufla, rom male daviRupebi“.amgvarsave winaTgrZnobaze dasmuli sarwmuno aqcente-

biTa Tu Ria, uqveteqsto miniSnebebiTaa gamsWvaluli mwerlis erT-erTi saukeTeso Txzuleba „me axla ocdaxuTi wlisa var“.

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da kvlav sikvdilsa da TviTmkvlelobaze. „saerTod ra azri aqvs cxovrebas _ sicili, xarxari _ me

ar meSinia. icini _ mokvdebi, tirixar _ mokvdebi. maS, davixo-coT Tavebi. ara, ratom? vin icis? albaT, imitom, rom bunebam TviTmkvlelobis Tavidan asacileblad moigona sikvdili, xolo sikvdili rom met-naklebad sasurveli iyos _ sibere, dardi da avadmyofoba“ (Canawerebidan).

intensiuri sulieri cxovrebisTvis „sicocxlis niSniT“ (o. paWkoria) dabadebul guram rCeuliSvils bevri ram aax-lovebs da anaTesavebs xalxuri sityvierebis RvTisnasax, „nawilian“ gmirebTan. RmerTkacis universaluri koncefciis qarTul variaciebSi TvalnaTliv Cans, rom sxvarig etlze na-Sob mziurniSnian adamianTa cxovrebis gza Zalze dramatuli da, rogorc wesi, xanmoklea. isini sagangebo misiiT modian de-damiwaze, aRasruleben TavianT saRvTo da saerovano vals da axalgazrdul asakSi toveben saaqaos.

„ubralo xalxic grZnobda, rom ar iyo is Cveulebrivi ada-miani... xibli hqonda raRacnairi, yvela endoboda“.

sruli simarTlea guramis siWabukis megobris levan mala-zonias am sityvebSi.

RvTis rCeuli personebisTvis sulieri simdabliT, mu-clis monobiT, gonebrivi siviwroviTa da socialuri usa-marTlobiT daRdasmul istoriul epoqebSi bunebriv aRsas-rulamde cxovreba, rogorc Cans, marTlac Znelia...

mTasa da zRvas Sua (TiTqos Tbilisi, oqroyana, alvani, TianeTi Tu Telavi arc arsebobdes mis biografiaSi!) TiTqmis Tanabrad gadanawilebul guram rCeuliSvilis xanmokle cx-ovrebis ekalbardian gzas ganuSorebliv Tan dahyveba bedis-weruli daudegrobis, TviTgamoxatvis formebis intensi-uri Ziebis, cxovrebisa da xelovnebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxis rkvevisa da Cveulebriv situaciebSic ki qcevis ucn-aurobaTa Rrma nakvalevi.

„ori survili maqvs: an movkvde 45 wlamde an moxuci Rrmad _ dastoinad, wverebiTa da CibuxiT“.

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ausrulda pirveli survili: sxvisi sicocxlis gadarCe-nas ocdaeqvsi wlisam amsxverpla sakuTari sicocxle...

am aspeqtiT mravlismTqmelia Canaweri, romelic vaJa–fSavelas poeturi sentenciis _ „weli erTi da aTasi bar-dabaria Jamisa“ _ prozaul perifrazadac SeiZleba CaiTva-los: „da gana ra mniSvneloba aqvs saerTod, wami icxovreb Tu milioni weli, usasrulobisaTvis orive erTnairad sasaciloa“.

fataluri gardauvalobis fazaSi gadasuli weris pro-cesi, risi marwuxebidan gamoxsnasac amaod cdilobda guram rCeuliSvili, sarwmuno sabuTia imisa, rom Semoqmedis nebe-lobiTi Tavisufleba araa sruli, SeuzRudavi da bevri ram gangebisa Tu suliwmidis neba-surviliT xdeba.

„neta, ramdeni unda vwero an rodemde, ra iqneba mere?“„RmerTo, ra dagiSave, rom wera damawyebine!“„...miuxedavad yvela sityvis dawerisagan miRebuli tan-

jvisa, mainc ar SemiZlia ar davwero. axlaRa da uceb mivxvdi, rom Cemi codva swored aq aris da me is weriT unda gamovisyi-do. weriT unda aviRo me imis ufleba, rom aRar vwero“.

„jojoxeTis cecxlze viwvi werasa da arweras Soris“. iseve, rogorc STagonebisa da weris mtanjvel wamebTan

Tu wuTebTan damokidebulebaSi ver uflobda TavisTavze, arc mTasTan da zRvasTan _ sxvadasxvanairi „znisa“ da buneb-is am or fenomenTan _ urTierTobis damyareba da dasruleba yofila mTlad misi gansasjeli da gadasawyveti.

„saidan movdivar, sad mivdivar, ra minda...“monologs mimsgavsebuli es frazac mowmobs, raoden

umweoa samyaros mamoZravebeli Zalebis pirispir ganmar-toebuli adamiani da ra yovlismomcvelia is upirovno, per-sonificirebas dauqvemdebarebeli uxilavi talRa, Tavisi ne-bisamebr rom arwevs da aTamaSebs misi cxovrebis navs.

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konstantine bregaZeG

guram rCeuliSvilis àntiistorizmi~ da antisabWoTa/antikoloniuri diskursi novelaSi

_ `skolidan gamovardnili bavSvebi~

guram rCeuliSvilis SemoqmedebaSi Tavisi antisabWoTa da antikoloniuri diskursiT mkveTrad gamoirCeva novela `skolidan gamovardnili bavSvebi~, romelic 1956 wlis 9 mar-tis cnobil ambebs eZRvneba da am tragikuli movleniTaa STagonebuli. Mmagram novelaSi mTavaria ara sakuTriv sab-WoTa jarebis mier qarTvelTa saprotesto demonstraciis sisxliani darbevis mxatvruli asaxva (rac sakmaod STambeW-davadaa mocemuli), aramed am movlenis fonze saqarTvelos da qarTveli eris zogadi tragikuli mdgomareobis warmo-Cena, rac gamowveulia qarTveli eris im momentisaTvis 150 wliani koloniuri mdgomareobiT (Tuki gaviTvaliswinebT novelis Seqmnis TariRs _ 1956 weli). aqve saWiroa aRiniS-nos, rom novela araa Seqmnili uSualod 9 martis movlen-ebis cxel kvalze, mZafr emociur fonze (aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad g. rCeuliSvili am saprotesto demonstraciebis monawile iyo), aramed am movlenebidan ramdenime Tvis Semdeg, 1956 wlis Semodgomaze da amdenad, rCeuliSvilis es novela aris ara TbilisSi 9 marts demonstraciis darbeviT inspiri-rebuli uSualo afeqturi teqsti-reaqcia Tavad am sapro-testo movlenebze, aramed qarTvelTa koloniuri yofis da sabWoTa totalitaruli sistemis antiadamianuri bunebis cnobieri gaazrebis, warmoCenisa da mxilebis mxatvrul-lit-eraturuli cda. Tumca am konkretul istoriul fonze, Cemi azriT, ikveTeba kidev ufro globaluri problematika, sadac unda amovikiTxoT g. rCeuliSviliseuli àntiistorizmi~ an `skeptikuri istorizmi~: kerZod, mis mier novelaSi gancdili msoflio istoriuli procesis ateleologiuri buneba (anti-ganmanaTlebluri da antihegelianuri nakadi) da novelaSive wamoWrili qarTveli eris uperspeqtivobis sakiTxi istori-

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uli procesis farglebSi, romelsac safuZvlad aRar udevs e.w. obieqturi goni.

aqedan gamomdinare, sruliad logikurad meCveneba avto-ris Janrobrivi, stilisturi da naratiuli arCevani: erTi mxriv, novelis Janri da mkveTrad gamoxatuli eqspresionis-tuli stili (parataqsuloba, metonomiuroba, frazis simkve-Tre, sintaqsis elifsuroba, intensivoba da kompaqturoba), meore mxriv, aseve eqspresionistuli literaturisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kadrirebisa da montaJis principiT Txro-bis ageba (e. w. kinostili), rac, vfiqrob, sruliad adekvatu-ria arCeuli Tematikisa da problematikis gadmosacmad. aqve SevniSnav, rom g. rCeuliSvilis es novela swored am eqspre-sionistuli poetikuri maxasiaTeblebiTac gamoirCeva mTeli misi upiratesad realisturi poetikiT agebuli Semoqmedebi-sagan (Tu neorealisturi Semoqmedebisagan, rogorc am bolo periodSia SeniSnuli qarTul kritikasa Tu litmcodneobaSi meore msoflio omis Semdgomi qarTuli literaturuli pro-zis, da maT Soris rCeuliSvilis prozis, poetikuri Tavise-burebebis dasaxasiaTeblad [ratiani www...]). *

rogorc cnobilia, novela aris iseTi tipis mcire pro-zauli Janri, romelic asaxavs da gaacxadebs èrTjerad~, jeraryofil, jerargagonil, namdvil da, amavdroulad, axal movlenas (mivaqcioT yuradReba Tavad termin novelis eti-mologias _ laT. novus, novellus, (àxali~) [mecleri… 2007: 547; austi 2006: 19].** amdenad, novelis Janri TavisTavSi atarebs

* Sdr.: `moniSnul periodSi (e. i. me-20 saukunis 50-60-ian wlebSi _ k. b.) dau-faravad izrdeba zegavlena dasavluri literaturuli tendenciebisa, rom-lebic hemingueiseuli (aqve germanel avtorebsac mivaTvlidi _ h. bioli da e. m. remerki _ k. b.) TemebiTa da Tamami neorealisturi eqsperimentebiT iWreba sabWoTa qveynebis teritoriebze da Tan moiyolebs romantikul oc-nebebs megobrobaze, gulaxdilobaze, urTierTobebis sifaqizeze, da esoden nanatr Tavisuflebazec ki! am axali literaturuli talRis Rirseul war-momadgenlebad 50-iani wlebis miwurulis qarTul prozaSi davasaxelebT gu-ram rCeuliSvilsa da erlom axvledians~ [ratiani www…].** novelis klasikuri ganmarteba jer kidev i. v. goeTem gadmosca eker-manTan saubarSi (29. I. 1827) da novelis Janris miseuli definicia dRemde ganmsazRvrelia da ZalaSia rogorc Tavad am prozauli Janris TeoriaSi, ise Tavad novelistikis sferoSi: novela, rogorc `jerarsmenili movlena/am-bavi~ (“eine sich ereignete unerhörte Begebenheit”) [mecleri… 2007: 548].

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adamianuri egzistenciisa da yofierebis jerarnaxuli plas-tebis `gaxsnisa~ da ganvrcobis saSualebas. novelis es Tav-isebureba ki ukve iZleva imis SesaZleblobas, rom avtorma am Janris farglebSi gadmosces raRac grandiozuli samyarou-li egzistencialuri da, amavdroulad, tragikuli movlena an calke adamianis, an Tavad eris cxovrebidan.

xolo eqspresionistuli stili da naracia, rasac sruli-ad mizanmimarTulad iyenebs g. rCeuliSvili, aseve emsaxureba raRac axali kosmiuri egzistencialuri viTarebis, misi erTa-derTobisa da ganumeoreblobis srulyofil verbalur war-moCenas, rac jer kidev germanuli eqspresionizmidan iRebs saTaves. aq xazi esmeba stilis Tavisebur cxovelmyofelobas, rac gulisxmobs eqspresionistuli poeturi metyvelebiTa da naraciiT Tavad samyaros dafaruli siRrmeebis, pirvel-sawyisiseuli fenomenebis wvdomas, `gaxsnasa~ da cxovelmyo-fel gancdas. es ki apriorulad gulisxmobs eqspresionis-tul teqstSi mocemuli TiTqosda konkretuli yofiTi ambis globalur, kosmiur movlenad dafuZnebasa da swored aseTad mkiTxvelis mier aRqmas. eqspresionistuli stilis es Tavise-burebani kargadaa gadmocemuli cnobili germaneli eqspre-sionisti lirikosisa da novelistis g. benis (1886-1956) esseSi “SemoqmedebiTi aRsareba~ (“Schöpferische Konfession”) [1919]:

dapirispireba erTaderTi problemisadmi: es aris samxre-Tuli sityvis problema (“das Problem des südlichen Wortes”). mis daZlevas me Sevecade Cems novelaSi “dabadebis dRe”, cikli-dan `tvinebi~; iq me davwere: `mas warmoudga/warmouCnda ze-Tis xilis xe” (“da geschah ihm die Olive”), da ara _ “mis winaSe aRmarTuliyo/idga zeTis xilis xe” (“da stand vor ihm die Olive”), an `man mzera esrola zeTis xilis xes~ (“da fiel sein Blick auf die Olive”). amgvarad, “mas warmoudga/warmouCnda zeTis xilis xe” da winadadebis swored es wyoba/wyeba erTbaSad acocxlebs da TavisTavSi moicavs zeTis xilis vercxlisfer nayofs, ze-Tis xilis xeTa garindebul tyeebs, zeTis xilis mosavalis aRebasa da misi dabinavebis zeims (g. benis citatis Targmani statiis avtoris ekuTvnis _ k. b.) (Teoria… 2007: 193).

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g. beni `samxreTul sityvaSi~ gulisxmobs zedmeti meta-forikiT gajerebul poetur metyvelebas, rac ase damaxasi-aTebeli iyo impresionizmisa da simbolizmisaTvis da miuRe-beli eqspresionizmisaTvis. magram aq mTavari es ar aris, mTa-varia eqspresionistuli Txzvis meTodi – frazis, an mTeli winadadebis ise ageba/ganfena, rom konkretuli sagani an mov-lena imTaviTve Seicavdes abstragirebisa da ganzogadebis unars, da am procesSi ki cxovelmyofel unda gamovlindes sagnis, an mTeli yofierebis metafizikuri pirvelsawyisebi. aqedan gamomdinare, g. rCeuliSvilis mier sakuTar novelaSi gamoyenebuli eqspresionistuli poeturi metyvelebisa da eqspresionistuli naraciis mxatvruli funqciaa, erTi mxriv, qarTveli eris egzistencialuri problematikisa da, meore mxriv, zogadad samyarouli, kosmiuri tragikuli dehumani-zebuli viTarebis, zogadaadamianuri, sakacobrio tragi-kuli zRvriseuli paraboluri viTarebis gaintensiveba da gacxadeba. amitomac, novelaSi mocemuli yoveli konkretu-li semiotikuri aRmniSvneli fuZndeba ara rogorc konkre-tuli istoriuli Tu yofiTi movlena/faqti, aramed rogorc globaluri, ganmazogadebeli, abstragirebuli semiotikuri kodi, rac, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aseve eqspresionistuli po-etikidan iRebs saTaves, rodesac teqstSi mocemuli TiTqos-da konkretuli yofiTi ambavi an epizodi, amavdroulad, globaluri da abstragirebuli konotaciebis matarebli toposia: Sdr., novelaSi ganviTarebuli diqotomiebi _ mag., rusuli valsi/rusuli CastuSka vs. qrTuli xalxuri simRera (`qarTvelo xeli xmals ikar~), an rusuli tanki vs. qarTveli bavSvi da a. S. es ormagoba, anu konkretulis zogadoba Tu ab-stragirebuloba, eqspresionistuli mxatvruli teqstis yve-la sibrtyeze vlindeba – leqsikur, sintagmatur da semanti-kur sibrtyeebze da es yvelaferi aseve gamovlenilia Tavad rCeuliSvilis novelaSic.

Tavisi abstragirebulobiT leqsikur doneze yuradRebas ipyrobs novelis Semdegi leqsikuri erTeulebi, frazebi da sintagmebi:

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moartyes!mokles!!! ......................gvxocaven!gvesvrian!! gvJleten!!! [rCeuliSvili www...].am epizodSi aRniSnuli leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic

amavdroulad sintagmatur funqciasac asruleben, mxolod konkretuli dramatuli situaciis (demonstraciis darbeva) aRmniSvnelebi ki ar arian, aramed maT imTaviTve ganmazogade-beli datvirTva akisriaT: moxmobili leqsikuri erTeulebi aRniSnaven warsulsa da mocemul istoriul viTarebaSi qar-TvelTa zogadkoloniur tragikul viTarebas rusuli mpyro-belobis xelSi. xolo momavlic aseve determinebulia sruli politikuri, socialuri, kulturuli da, gnebavT, egzisten-cialuri uperspeqtivobiTa da amaobiT, sruli gaqrobiT.

novelaSi aseve ganzogadebuli datvirTva eniWeba konkre-tul socialur problematikasa (qveyanaSi sursaT-produqte-bisa da teqstilis nawarmis deficiti) da adamianTa anatomi-ur naklze miniSnebas da aqve cxadi xdeba, rom es konkretuli socialuri problematika Tu adamianTa (demonstrantTa) konkretuli fizikuri nakli maniSnebelia sabWoTa totali-taruli saxelmwifos dehumanizebuli bunebis, romlis farg-lebSic adamians aranairi Rirebuleba ar gaaCnia, xolo xalxi aris masa, gamwevi Zala, romelic ewireba totalitarizmis Zalauflebis `brma~ nebas:

quCis kuTxeSi uzarmazari jeri idga Saqarze. _ ramdeni welia Saqari ara yofila, _ ambobda erTi qali.Culqi ara maqvs, _ ambobda meore. [...]tribunidan viRac moWril xels aCvenebda, mere fexi awia

da Ziravardnili fexsacmeli gamoaCina. meorem yavarjeni SeaTamaSa da dafleTili qudi maRla

aisrola [rCeuliSvili www...].avtoris mier naraciisas gamoyenebuli montaJis teqnikisa

da kadrirebis principis safuZvelze novelis TiToeul sce-

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naSi (`kadrSi~) moqceuli epizodi da mxatvruli saxe imTaviTve iZens ikonur Tvisebas da vlindeba Tavisi abstragirebuli saxiT, vinaidan kadrirebis procesSi avtori fokusirebs blow up-is principiT, anu gvTavazobs obieqtis gadidebul kadrs, rac xels uwyobs konkretuli sagnis ikonad gardasaxvas. ase-Ti ikonuri markerebia bavSvis/mowafis da xalxis metafora, aseve totalitarizmis simboloebi _ tankebi, avtomatebi da tyviamfrqvevebi, sabWoTa varskvlavi da nacisturi svas-tika, TiToeuli maTgani imTaviTve atarebs saxismetyvelebiT datvirTvas.Anovelis TiToeuli scenis fokusirebisas ki iqve erTveba montaJis principic, rac xels uwyobs TiToeuli sa-xis mkveTr monacvleobas, dapirispirebas, daWimulobas, rac, saboloo jamSi, aseve uzrunvelyofs maT ikonurobas:

ukana rigebi Seirya, mere winas miawyda._ t. t. t. t. t. t. !_ tt t tt!! _ t t t t t t t!!!_ tyuilia, xalxs rogor esvrian! _ tyuilia!!_ tyuilia!!!ukana miawyda winas. Rame iyo.t. t. t.! tankebi! t. t. t.!! tankebi!!t. t. t.!!! tankebi!!!_ isvrian! xalxi airia._ isvrian!! xalxi axrialda._ isvrian!!! xmaurisagan xamuri aRar ismoda._ damWres! patarebi tankebs axtebodnen._ moartyes!!_ mokles!!! mowafem carci daaZro jibidan da svastika daaxata muxluxas.t. t. t.!!!carci xelidan gauvarda.tankidan usulod gadmovarda.xalxi midioda tankebze.

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xalxi garboda.xalxi ibrZoda, riTac SeeZlo [rCeuliSvili www...].aSkaraa, rom TiToeuli winadadeba isea agebuli, rogorc

kinokadri. xolo sintagmaturi ganfena da Tanmimdevroba aSkarad sxvadasxva, urTierTdapirispirebuli kadrebis mo-nacvleobas mogvagonebs. msgavsi efqti ki, cxadia, miRwe-ulia Tavad winadadebebis elifsurobiT da kompaqturobiT, parataqsulobiT, leqsikur erTeulTa arametaforulobiTa da montaJis teqnikiT. saboloo jamSi, konkretul scenas ekargeba Tavisi konkretuloba da viRebT parabolur da abstragirebul viTarebas.

da Tu novelaSi mocemul istoriul-politikur reali-ebsa da saprotesto demonstraciaze gamosuli qarTvelo-bis ganwyobilebasac mivaqcevT yuradRebas, g. rCeuliSvili zustad gamokveTs am realiebisa da masis ganwyobis specifi-kas: kerZod imas, rom saboloo jamSi, 9 martis gamosvlebi ar-siT prostalinuri sabWoTa paTosis Semcveli movlena ki ar iyo, aramed eris koleqtiuri aracnobieridan wamosuli an-tikoloniuri da erovnuli Rirsebis dasacavad gamoxatuli protesti, romelic Semdgom marTlac gadaizarda antisab-WoTa ganwyobasa da saqarTvelos gaTavisuflebis moTxovna-Si, romlis fonzec am saprotesto demonstraciam imTaviTve dakarga prostalinuri diskursi. es yovelive realuri faqtic iyo, rac Tavad novelaSi transformirda rogorc mwerliseuli dakvirveba. ra gvaZlevs amis Tqmis safuZvels _ Tavad teqsti da misi leqsikur-verbaluri markerebi da diqotomiebi:

_ lenin-stalin! _ jer ahyvnen, mere mxedrulis xmebSi CainTqa.

_ qarTvelo xeli xmals ikaro!_ qarTvelo!!_ qarTvelo!!! ...................................................................._ gaumarjos damoukidebel saqarTvelos!_ saqarTvelos!!_ saqarTvelos!!! [rCeuliSvili www...].

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aq sruliad aSkaraa, rom Tuki qarTvelTa protesti Tav-idan prostalinur ganwyobas marTlac Seicavda (rac aseve kargad aris SeniSnuli novelis dasawyisSi), movlenaTa msv-lelobisas, Semdgom igi gadaizrdeba sakuTriv antisabWoTa da antikoloniur diskursSi, rac, vimeoreb, zustadaa SeniS-nuli Tavad novelis avtoris mier. Sesabamisad, sabWoTa lo-zungebs (`lenin-satlin~) ukve enacvleba wmindad naciona-luri `parolebi~ _ `saqarTvelo~, `qarTvelo~.

saboloo jamSi unda davaskvnaT, rom am novelaSi, erTi mxriv, sruliad aSkaraa avtoriseuli antikoloniuri da an-tirusuli intencia, magram, meore mxriv, rac umTavresia, swored novelis finalis gaTvaliswinebiT, vlindeba g. rCeu-liSvilis Taviseburi àntiistorizmi~, anu _ misi Rrmad skeptikuri da nihilisturi damokidebuleba Tavad isto-riuli procesis teleologiurobisa da am procesis obieq-turi gonis safuZvelze warmarTulobisadmi: rusis/sabWoTa tankis mier qarTveli bavSvebis/skolis moswavleebis (Sdr., bavSvi _ pirvelsawyisis, sicocxlis, momavlis, RvTiuri sawyisis, paradizuli yofis simbolo [mecleri… 2008: 180]) da, zogadad, xalxis Jleta (xalxis, romelmac wesiT unda Seqm-nas da daafuZnos istoriuli procesis teleologiuroba da eziaros da ganicados eTikuri netareba yovelive amiT, Sdr., Sileris paTetikuri mowodeba kacobriobisadmi _ `ga-daexvieT milionebo~/“Seid umschlungen Millionen” misi cnobili leqsidan òda sixarulisadmi~/“An die Freude”), swored is iko-nuri markeria, romliTac aRniSnulia sakacobrio istoriis msvlelobaSi, ufro zustad, istoriis wrebrunvaSi (nicSe) Zalauflebis nebis aprioruli da usasrulo, maradganmeore-badi dominireba, risi metaforacaa rusuli/sabWoTa tanki. *

* `tanki ki daiZra. winidan bavSvebi morbodnen. [...] gamoCnda uzarmazari mux-luxa, nela mTeli xalxi dafara, nelave gaqra misi borblebi. misken gaqaneb-uli xalxi mxolod patara svastikas da gverdiT mixatul didi varskvlavs xedavda._ b-b-bum, _ daigrgvina tankma, xalxi gaqra, Sewyda xarxari.gaisma rusuli valsis xmebi, sadRac patefonze CastuSkebs ukravdnens~ [rCeuliSvili www...].

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damowmebani:

austi 2006: H. Aust, Novelle, 4. Aufl., Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart, 2006.Teoria...… 2007: Theorie der Expressionismus, hrsg. von Otto F. Best, Reclam, Stut-

tgart, 2007.mecleri...… 2007: Metzelr Lexikon Literatur, Stuttgart, 2007.mecleri...… 2008: Metzler Lexikon literarischer Symbole, Stuttgart, 2008.ratiani www…: i. ratiani, Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturuli

procesi; int.-misamarTi: http://armuri.4forum.biz/t777-topic-Mar07-2012-2:24pm rCeuliSvili www...: g. rCeuliSvili, skolidan gamovardnili bavSve-

bi; int.-misamarTi: http://litklubi.ge/biblioteka/view-nawarmoebi.php?id=8944

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v e q t o r e b i

Tamar CixlaZe

fentezis paradoqsi anu

fentezi gadaarCens literaturas?

maSin, rodesac wigns aklia mkiTxveli, fentezis (ing. _ Fantasy) JanrSi mkiTxvels aklia wigni. aseTia realoba sazR-vargareT, ufro metad ki, saqarTveloSi. iyo dro, rodesac cnobili gamomcemlebi fentezis seriozulad ar uyurebdnen an sabavSvo literaturad Tvlidnen. me-20 saukuneSi fantas-tikur literaturas safrangeTSi ufro meti yuradReba eq-ceoda, vidre germaniasa da inglisSi, sadac is literaturis marginalur movlenad miiCneoda da Sesabamisad, arc Seiswav-leboda.

bolo xanebSi `hari poterisa~ da `beWdebis mbrZaneblis~ ekranizaciis warmatebam gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mimar-Ta am Janrisken. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom is axali araa, Zve-lia da arqetipul literaturas warmoadgens. jer iyo miTi, zRapari, mistika, utopia, biurgeruli da goTuri romanebi, rasac mohyva paraboluri romani, Semdeg neofantastika da samecniero fantastika, bolos ki, biopanki da fentezi. am ukanasknelze dakvirveba gviCvenebs, rom is, rogorc lite-raturuli Janri, mudmiv transformacias ganicdis. aqedan gamomdinare, misi zusti definicia jer kidev ar momxdara, da saerTod, bevri ram am JanrSi Seuswavleli da dasazustebelia.

evropaSi fentezis, zogadad ki, fantastikuri litera-turis kvlevis procesi ukve dawyebulia, rasac adasturebs am TemasTan dakavSirebiT gamarTuli ramdenime saerTaSori-so kongresi, aseve, specialuri biblioTekebisa Tu mecnieru-li krebulebis Seqmna.

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fentezis ganviTareba, cxadia, dakavSirebulia kompiuter-izaciasTan, virtualur TamaSebTan. literaturaSi fentezis saxiT postmodernizmma Seqmna sakuTari zRapari. es aris an-tikuri xanis, Suasaukuneebisa da Tanamedrove kulturebis gadakveTis adgili, Tanamedrove adamianis msoflmxedvelo-baTa gafarToebis areali.Ffentezi samyaros Sesaxeb arsebu-li codnidan gamomdinare, mogviTxrobs ararsebul ambebsa da personaJebze. naTelia, rom postmodernistebi, surT ra tradiciuli literaturisgan gaTavisufleba, axlis virtua-lur samyaros iyeneben.

jer kidev me-20 saukunis 90-iani wlebidan daiwyo litera-turaSi iseTi samyaroebis konstruireba, sadac jadosnoba da fantastika adamianis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawili iyo da masTan axlos, mis gverdiT arsebobda, anu wina planze wamoi-wia fentezis Janrma. cxadia, maleve ganviTarda misi qve-Janre-bic : urbanuli, iumoristuli, realisturi da Savi fentezi. zogadad, fentezis CamoyalibebaSi, rogorc cnobilia, didi roli iTamaSes j.r.r. tolkinma da klaiv s. luisma, romleb-sac, Tavis mxriv, gaaCndaT araerTi STagonebis wyaro.

Tu visaubrebT fentezis dadebiT mxareebze, vityviT, rom esaa misi unari, ganaviTaros da gaamdidros adamianis, gan-sakuTrebiT, mozardis, warmosaxvis unari, stimuli misces adamianis cnobismoyvareobas, aCvenos, rom dRes kacobrio-ba fantastikur samyaroSi cxovrobs, rom is, rac cota xnis win teqnikurad SeuZleblad iyo miCneuli, xval realobad iqceva. aseve davamatebT, rom fentezis Janri, ZiriTadad, martivad ikiTxeba da advilad aRiqmeba, mravalferovania da gonebamaxviluri, zogjer jansaRi iumoriT savsec. fentezis Semqmneli Semoqmedi, SesaZloa, didi mwerali gaxdes, Tuki misi nawarmoebebi Seexeba iseT zogadsakacobrio, seriozul Temebs, rogoricaa erTguleba, megobroba, gmiroba, rasobri-vi diskriminacia, feminizmi, Zaladoba, religiuri fundamen-talizmi da sxva. aseTia britaneli teri pratCeti, romlis iu-moriT gaJRenTili wignebi sayovelTao mowonebas imsaxurebs, Tumca aRiareba mwerals maSinve ar moupovebia. amis mizezi is

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iyo, rom fentezis Janri seriozulad ar aRiqmeboda. ai, ras ambobs Tavad pratCeti:

„axla vici, rom TiTqmis mTeli fiqcia fentezia. is, ra-sac agata qristi werda, fentezia, is, rasac tom klensi wers, fentezia. is, rasac jili kuperi wers, fentezia, _ yovel SemTxvevaSi amis didi imedi maqvs. magram rodesac ZiriTa-dad gesmiT iseTi sityvebi, rogoricaa - xmlebi, molaparake cxovelebi, vampirebi, kosmosuri xomaldebi (samecniero fan-tastika igivea fentezia, oRond WanWikebiT) warmoidgenT da am uvelafers zogjer es, marTlac, Zalze sulelurad gamo-iyureba. Tumca, amave dros, fentezi varaudobs, ra moxdeba momavalSi, Tavidan wers warsuls da ufiqrdeba awmyos. is TamaSobs samyarosTan“.*

aq mwerali aRniSnuli Janris erTgvar ganmartebas iZleva. fentezi rom yovlismomcvelia da Tavis TavSi mTel lite-

raturas itevs, amas literaturaTmcodne, levan cagarelis erT-erTi statiidan amonaridic adasturebs:

ùnda daveTanxmoT durstis fundamenturi naSromis daskvnas, rom fantastikuri literaturis mTavari Tema TviT literaturaa.~**

fentezis JanrSi momuSave mwerlebi ar malaven, rom uamrav sirTules awydebian, rom am ararealuri samyaros xatva Znelia da aranakleb realur aRweras moiTxovs. miT umetes, didi pasuxismgeblobaa fentezis sabavSvo mwerlis saxelis tareba, vinaidan mas meti gulwrfeloba da sifaqize moeTxoveba.

sakamaTo araa, rom am Janris popularizacias xels uwyobs ekranizacia. es procesi, Tavis mxriv, damokidebulia Tana-medrove kino-xelovnebis ganviTarebasa da mis teqnikur SesaZleblobebze.

naTelia, rom dRes fentezi wamyvani Janria da mniSvnelo-van gavlenas axdens Tanamedrove adamianis azrovnebaze. is

* https://fantasyandscifi.wordpress.com/tag/discworld/ ** sjani 7. S. rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti. 2006. levan caga-. S. rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti. 2006. levan caga- levan caga-reli. ra aris fantastikuri literatura? gv. 26.

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gvevlineba komerciulad metad momgebian literaturul Janrad, ris safuZvelzec SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom moma-vali mas ekuTvnis, rom Semdgomi literaturuli procesebi fentezis gareSe ver warimarTeba.

Tanamedrove literaturaTmcodneebi miiCneven, rom fentezis popularobas ganapirobebs amgvar wignebSi asaxuli irealuri samyaro, fantastika da Tavisufleba. da Tu ten-denciac iseTia, rom dRes, wigns gasarTobad ufro kiTxulo-ben, vidre sxva mizniT, maSin gasakviri araa, Tu ratom ikidebs fexs es Janri ase warmatebulad.

Tumca, miuxedavad zemoTqmulisa, ama Tu im qveynis bevri xelovani da kritikosi jer kidev seriozulad ar ekideba am Janrs. es gansakuTrebiT exeba saqarTvelos. CvenSi sul erTi-ori mweralia, vinc amgvari nawarmoebebi Seqmna. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia nato daviTaSvili, romelmac, qarTul miTolo-giasa da tradiciebze dayrdnobiT, ramdenime wigni gamosca. esenia: `roca frTosani lomebi dabrundebian~, àmbavi lile iroelisa~, `nislebi da nislebs miRma~, òTxi mxare da oTxi sveti~ da `lurji sufris mocekvave~. es ukanaskneli xatavs samyaros, sadac drakonTa brwyinvale modgmas gadaSeneba emuqreba, xolo zRvis enaze molaparake xalxs miwaze cxovre-bis ufleba ar aqvs. mkiTxveli mogzaurobs drakonis zurgze amxedrebuli, eswreba gasaocar oms fignebTan, romlebic gan-sakuTrebuli sakvebis gareSe gamWvirvaleebi, xan ki uxilav-ni xdebian. am ukidegano samyaroSi ar arsebobs wesrigi. sxva wignebSi mwerali gatacebiT aRwers lile iroelis ambavs da qmnis qarTuli miTologiis gasaocar saxeebs. mwerali qali aRniSnavs, rom qarTuli miTologia fentezis JanrisTvis noyieri niadagia:

`fentezi, upirveles yovlisa, CarCoebs amsxvrevs, gaiZu-lebs, erT adgils ar miejaWvo, kari SeaRo, mis miRma gasvlis surviliT ainTo da zRurbls uSiSrad gadaabijo, SesaZleb-lobebis mravalferovneba iwamo da mixvde Tavisuflebis ualternativobas.~*

* http://mastsavlebeli.ge/?action=page&p_id=14&id=64

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miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTuli kultura ase mdidaria zRaprebiT da miTologiiT, miiCneven, rom Cveni qveynis li-teraturaSi fentezis Janri ar ganviTarebula sabWoTa ideologiis gavlenis gamo. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom arc ma-namdeli literatura yofila gajerebuli fantastikuri am-bebiT da personaJebiT.

Tavis erTerT interviuSi dRevandel qarTul viTarebas kargad gadmoscems mwerali ana korZaia-samadaSvili:

`ver vityvi, rom saqarTveloSi literaturuli procesi ar mimdinareobs. mimdinareobs, magram rogor? [...] msoflioSi popularuli uamravi Janri, faqtobrivad, ar gvaqvs: deteq-tiuri romani [...] ar iwereba; fentezis JanrSi oradori ada-miani muSaobs; imas, rasac germanulenovan sivrceSi `gasar-Tob~ literaturas eZaxian, saqarTveloSi ver naxav (aba, midi da romelime qarTvel avtors akadre, gasarTobi wigni dawe-ros. Tavs moiklavs!). Tu kritikulebi viqnebiT, is, rac dRes xdeba, metwilad literaturuli `seqend hendia~ (Seuracxyo-fad nuravin miiRebs), procesi, romelic msofliom didi xnis win gaiara. da mainc, yvelafris miuxedavad, qarTuli proza viTardeba, oRond gezi erTi aqvs _ pirdapir midis da ir-gvliv ar ixedeba. avtorebi ZiriTadad, wlebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovili fsiqotravmebis àmolagebiT~ arian dakavebulni. amas CemTvis ̀ me-literatura~ davarqvi da swored es faqtori gansazRvravs Tanamedrove qarTuli literaturis saxes~.*

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli gamomcemlobebidan yvelaze aqtiurad ilias universitetis gamomcemlobaa dakavebuli fentezis Janris naTargmni Tu qarTuli nawarmoebebis gamoq-veynebiT. bevri gamocemloba Tavs ikavebs eqsperimentebis-gan, magram imasac amboben, rom Tuki fentezis Janris Txzu-lebebs eqneba literaturuli Rirebuleba, isini usaTuod daibeWdeba.

dRes, cota rTulia fentezis momavlisa da misi Semdgomi ganviTarebis gansazRvra. magaliTad, sul raRac 20-ode wlis

* ana korZaia-samadaSvili. sazogadoebriv-literaturuli Jurnali arili, 3. 2014.

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win samecniero fiqcia didi popularobiT sargeblobda, ma-gram axla is dakninebulia. miuxedavad amisa, SegviZlia, vTq-vaT, rom Tavisi mdidari warmosaxviTi samyaros wyalobiT, fentezis Janris nawarmoebebs xelewifeba, wigns SeunarCunos mkiTxveli da miizidos axali Taobac. fentezi naklebad iqneba msubuqi, gasarTobi literatura, Tu misi nimuSebi Seiqmneba mdidari mxatvruli eniT da gvaswavlis fiqrs da azrovnebas.

dabolos, vityviT, rom Tuki samyaros moZraoba wriulia, gasakviri araa, literaturac daubrundes Tavis sawyisebs, miTebisa da zRaprebis xanas, saidanac xelaxla aRorZindeba. xolo Tu yvelaferi Tavidan daiwyeba, maSin cxadia, momaval-Sic iseTive saintereso da grZeli iqneba literaturis gan-viTarebis gza da iseve moemsaxureba xelovnebis es dargi si-marTles, silamazes da sulierebas, rogorc es dRemde iyo.

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gia arganaSvili

saaTSi CarCenili dro

„Tqven bednierebi xarT, adamianebo! me didxans vfiqrob-di, ratom xarT bednierebi da mivxvdi. samyaro SeifereT, gaxadeT is imodena, ramodenac TqvenTvis iyo saWiro. Tqveni survilebi, Tqveni fenomeni SeufardeT Tu SeafardeT im Se-saZleblobebs, rasac es dedamiwa aitanda. Tqven zustad imo-denebi xarT, ramodenebic unda yofiliyaviT. qaric ki, mTac ki, velic ki im siZlierisaa, rom ar wagiRoT, imsimaRlea, rom ver axvideT, iseTi mSvenieria, rom bednieri iyoT~.

erlom axvlediani „koRo qalaqSi“

mTeli zafxuli vkiTxulobdi erlom axvledianis am romans da mivxvdi, rom mas SeuZlia mkiTxveli sakuTar bed-nierebaSi daarwmunos. bedniereba ki (Tu avtoris azrovnebis stils davesexebiT), ucnauri ram aris, is arsebobs. swored ise, rogorc arsebobs sicocxle da sikvdili, da rom „sikvdi-li sicocxle ar aris -es yvelam icis. vinc ar icis, dro mova da gaigebs“.

qarTveli mkiTxveli (da ara mxolod qarTveli) ukve mi-eCvia erlom axvledianis azrovnebis ucnaur stils. amis-Tvis mas ormocdaaT welze meti hqonda. es is droa, romelic erlom axvledianis bolo romans „koRo qalaqSi“ mis pirvel mxatvrul teqstTan „vano da niko “aSorebs.

vkiTxulob axal romans „koRo qalaqSi“ da veZeb „vano da nikosTan“ kavSirs ise, rogorc mwerlis axalgazrdobasa da siberes Soris da ra sakvirvelia, Tu vpoulob, radgan erlomi swored „vanom da nikom“ daabera da mas Semdeg is aRar Secvli-la. aq, axal romanSi ki gia („koRo qalaqSi“} nikosaviT („vano da niko“) Wkviania, xolo lia („koRo qalaqSi“) vanos („vano da niko“) hgavs, is Wkviani ar aris. saerTodac, erlomis mxatvrul samyaroSi opziciur wyvils ara boroti da keTili, aramed

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Wkviani da suleli hqmnian, sadac sulelebi Zalian ganicdian, rom erTxel daibadnen da isic aseTi sulelebi. ai, Wkvianebs ki marTlac gaumarTla, radgan Wkvianebi daibadnen.

(aqve vityvi, rom lias („koRo qalaqSi“) avtoris mzera aqvs (vinc erloms icnobda, damemowmeba). is yvelafers ise ucqers, TiTqos pirvelad xedavdes. aseTi mzera anaxlebs samyaros, TiTqos is es-esaa Seiqmna - SeniSnavs avtori.

romani wignad 2010 wels gamoica (gamomcemloba „siesta“). xolo 2011 wels saukeTeso romanis nominaciaSi literatu-ruli premia „sabas“ premia daimsaxura.

wignze sagangebod SevCerdebi, radgan es namdvili wignia da ara mxolod ydaSi Casmuli romani. amas xazgasmiT aRvniS-nav, radgan yovelwliurad CvenSi uamravi moTxroba, leqsi, novela, romani, gamodis. gamodis magar an Txel ydebSi, magram maTi umravlesoba jer wigni ar aris. isini mxolod ydebSi Cas-muli mxatvruli teqstebia. es teqstebi rom wignad iqces, mas, sul mcire, Tan unda erTvodes literaturuli eqspertis azri am wignis Sesaxeb. es TandaTan ufro aucilebelia xdeba, radgan mkiTxvels uWirs mxatvrul teqstSi garkveva. uWirs kodirebuli informaciis axsna. aRarfers vambob imis Sesaxeb, rom erTad Sekruli da gamocemuli SiSveli teqsti afTiaqSi gayidul im wamals hgavs, romelsac arc daniSnuleba aweria, arc Senaxvis vada da arc moxmarebis wesi.

yvelaferi amis gaTvaliswinebiT, romani „koRo qalaqSi“, romelic am ramdenime wlis win gamoica (gamomcemeli qeTe-van kiRuraZe), namdvili wignia. misi wignobis utyuari niSani baton zurab kiknaZis winasityvaa, romelic mecnieruli CaZi-ebiT axerxebs avtoris Zalze rTul azrovnebaSi Cawvdomas, cdilobs nawarmoebSi gabneuli simboloebisa da daSifruli kodebis gaxsnas.

me vityodi, avtors gaumarTla, rom misi wignis winasityva baton zurab kiknaZes ekuTvnis, radgan erlom axvledianis Semoqmedebis mkvlevari, sul cota, or pirobas mainc unda akmayofilebdes. pirveli is, rom kargad unda icnobdes av-tors, misi azrovnebis stils, xolo meore is, rom is kargad

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unda erkveodes im igavuri enis specifikaSi, romelic erlom axvledians aqvs arCeuli Tavisi Semoqmedebis mkiTxvelamde misatanad.

batoni zurab kiknaZe orive pirobas akmayofilebs.recenzentis azriT, erlomisTvis igavuri ena ara mxolod

saTqmelis gamoxatvis Janruli meTodi, aramed misi bunebrivi Sinagani xmaa, romliTac is eZebs sinamdvileSi dafarul Tu aryofil sxva sinamdviles, am sinamdvilis alternativas...

Tumca... ara, am sinamdvilis alternativas avtori ar eZebs, - SeniSnavs TviTon mkvlevari, radgan am SemTxvevaSi is veRar gaimeorebs ioane oqropiris sityvebs: „dideba RmerTs yvelafrisaTvis“.

`me is menaneba, rom marto es koRo gamodga mTeli sinTezi misi Semoqmedebisa“ _ uTqvams sxvagan baton zurab kiknaZes. gamodis, rom baton zurabs arasakmarisad miaCnia es romani. fiqrobs, rom erlomis pirovneba ufro sainteresoa, vidre misi nawarmoebi, avtori bevrad meti iyo, vidre es teqsti.

es zogadi azria da TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi, yvelasTan marTldeba. Tumca ar gamikvirdeboda erlomis SemTxvevaSi rom sxvanairad momxdariyo...

radgan Cven jer kidev ar viciT, ra memkvidreoba datova erlom axvledianma. jer Sesaswavlia misi arqivi. Sesaswav-lia misi gamocemuli teqstebi. gamosakvlevia „vano da niko“. gamosakvlevia es romanic, radgan miuxedavad masze dawerili ramdenime recenziisa da miuxedavad batoni zurabis mcdelo-bisa, is mainc SeuRwevadia mkiTxvelisTvis da albaT, aseTad darCeba am werilis Semdegac, radgan winaswar vgrZnob, rom am formatSi qaris gatarebac ki Znelia am simZimisTvis.

werilis dasawyisSi vaxsene, rom mTeli zafxuli vkiTxu-lobdi am wigns. Tumca ra aris sami an oTxi Tve kiTxva wig-nisTvis, romelic mTeli cxovreba iwereboda. amitom me axlac mxolod Sav samuSaos vasruleb „koRo qalaqSi“ gagebis-Tvis. TiToeul Tavs Tavidan vkiTxulob da STabeWdilebebs erTmanerTTan daukavSireblad vTavazob mkiTxvels. amiT mec erTgvarad masalas vagroveb (erlomicxom sakuTar Tavs ma-

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salis Semgrovebels uwodebs), raTa Cems Semdgom mkvlevarebs gzis siZnele gavuadvilo.

teqstis amgvari interpretacia ki SesaZloa yanis gaTel-vas daemsgavsos, roca yanaSi Sedixar da ki ar mki, aramed mxo-lod Telav. erlom axvledianTan dakavSirebiT yanis meta-fora sruliad gamarTlebulia, radgan avtori am romanis dasawyisSi Tavis samuSao magidas swored cudad gamarglul yanas adarebs (es Sedareba me hamletis monologsac maxse-nebs: „TiTqos qveyana iyos yana gaumarglavi“), Tanac rac ufro bevrs vfiqrob erlomis SemoqmedebiT portretze, miT ufro xSirad maxsendeba vaJa-fSavelas erT-erTi poemis per-sonaJi uiRblo iRbliani da raRac kavSirs vxedav erlomis pirovnebasTan.

saqme isaa, rom sicocxlis ukanasknel wlebamde erlom axvlediani ar Cqarobda am romanisTvis formis micemas, Tumc ki ganuwyvetliv werda . undoda, rom weris momentSi rac Se-iZleba axlos yofiliyo sicocxlidan sikvdilSi gadasvlis wamTan... amiT is TiTqos xels uwyobda, rom am teqstze raRac legendebic Seqmniliyo. Tumca bolos afusfusda. mgoni, igrZno, rom mosaswrebad hqonda saqme. am dros is marTlac Zalian hgavda uiRblo iRblians, romelsac piroba hqonda dadebuli, rom yanas mzis Casvlamde momkida. Tumca, aha, Cai-wura mnaTobi da mas erTi Zna kidev darCa Sesakravi. sTxova man mzes, rom ar Casuliyo, magram mze Cavida. uiRblom ki ver moaswro bolo Znis Sekvra... erlom axvledianisTvis es ro-mani bolo Znaa. ara mgonia, rom mas romelime mnaTobisTvis rame eTxova. ise, lamis alalbedze Cayara mza teqstebi (garda gamarTuli siuJetisa) da es iyo nawarmoebis is bunebrivi kom-pozicia, romlis logikurobaSi Znelia axla eWvis Setana.

romanSi moTxrobilia kolxeTis dablobze Waobebis daS-robis Semdeg SemTxveviT gadarCenili koRos Tavgadasavali, romelsac, rogorc yvela WeSmarit kolxs, lurji Tvalebi hqonda da romelic mTeli nawarmoebis ganmavlobaSi daeZeb-da sakuTar mkvlels, raTa momkvdariyo aq da amis Semdeg is yvelgan yofiliyo... diax, koRo lurjTvala mtveria, sico-

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cxlis sawyisia, TviT sicocxlea, radgan mTeli es mkvdari samyaro am pawawina mtvriT gaxda cocxali. koRo siyvarulis gadamtania. is adamianebs kbens da amiT siyvaruli gadaaqvs..

mxatvruli teqsti rva Tavisgan Sedgeba da amaSi araferia simboluri. avtors aseTi gacveTili simboloebi ar uyvars. ambis ganviTareba garkveul epizodamde qronologiurad mimdinareobs (vidre saaTi masSi CarCenil dros amoanTxevda). Tumca TiToeul TavSi ramdenime patara moTxroba da novelaa, romelTac damoukidebladac SeuZliaT arseboba. maT Sorisa upirvelesad „wigni siyvarulisa“, romelsac mkiTxveli jer kidev erlom axvledianis publicisturi krebulidan „Zveli da axali“ icnobs.

aq moTxrobilia, Tu rogorc (ver) dawva avtorma wigni siyvarulisa. formiTa da SinaarsiT unikaluri es novela Tematurad da ganwyobiTac Zalian axlos dgas am romanTan (ar vici, mis am romanSi Cadeba avtoris surviliT moxda Tu re-daqtorebis CareviT). Tumca siuJeturad am romanTan TiTqos kavSiri ar aqvs, garkveuli mizezebis gamo (novela Rrma indi-vidualobis niSans atarebs), arc saerTo fonis Sesaqmnelad varga.

aseve sruliad damoukidebeli novelis STabeWdilebas tovebs qvebis istoria (qvebi aRusrulebeli survilebia), „roca Tevzebi viqnebiT“, aq avtori ori qvis Tavgadasavals gviyveba. es istoriac samyaros Seqmnis ambavs imeorebs.

(am novelas avtoris recenziac erTvis, romelSic is sa-kuTar Tavs SiSvlad filosofosobas sayvedurobs. aq kidev erTxel vxdebiT mowme avtoris codnisadmi Taviseburi damokidebulebisa).

ase TiToeul TavSi, TiToeul moTxrobaSi mravali Tema, idea da siuJetia (aq Tavs iCens erlomis profesiuli (scena-ristis) Cveva, yvelaferSi dasrulebuli ambavi eZebos). ro-mani am mxrivac sruliad gamorCeulia. garda amisa, aq martivi eniT iseTi rTuli azrebia gadmocemuli, rom Tu vinme mis gavrcobas moiwadinebs, is lamis mTel literaturul skolas eyofa samuSaod.

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mTlianobaSi ki es wigni bibliis calkeuli wignebis in-terpretacia. aq xdeba miTis xelaxali wakiTxva. warmovidgi-noT, rom Sesaqmis sxivma gaiara avtoris azrovnebis prizmaSi da amgvarad gadatyda. da es aris ambavi lurjTvala koRosi, dakarguli jimSeris, mecxreklaseli liasi, grafomani mwer-lisa, lias Zma _ giasi, mananasi, niavis, malariis, cisa da mi-wis, Cixis, gisosiani sarkmlisa da yvela imaTi, vinc aris am ambavSi da vinc ar aris..

amave dros romanSi ramdenime cnobili mwerlis Semoq-medebasTan kavSiric ikveTeba. avtors axsendeba nikoloz ba-raTaSvilis da vaJa-fSavelas poezia. aseTive SemoqmedebiTi siaxlove igrZnoba dante alegieris, Seqspiris, volteris, xuan ramon ximenesis, guram rCeuliSvilis nawarmoebebTan... es urTierToba zogan saZebnia, zogan ki zedapirze Zevs.

samagaliTod, SegviZlia am romanis epilogad gamotanili sityvebic gavixsenoT:

ài, me mTeli cxovreba davdivar ukun RameSi. xandaxan Soridan gamokrTeba raRac sinaTle da me misken miviswrafi mweriviT, magram mere am sinaTlesac wyvdiadi STanTqavs da me kvlav ukun RameSi davexetebi“.

aq bunebrivad Cndeba paraleli dante aligieris „jojo-xeTis“ SesavalTan:

„usier tevrSi, am cxovrebis naxevargzaze anazdeulad gamovfxizldi gzadakarguli...“

„ze avixede, davinaxe: cTomili sxivebs zeTavi mTisa Se-emosaT ucxo ariliT...“

alegoriulad ukuni Rame da usieri tye orive SemTxveva-Si umecrebis simbolo, xolo „raRac sinaTle“ da „cTomilis sxivebi“ mecnierebis, codnis simboloa, Tumca erlomTan es codnac iluziuria da amitom avtors kvlavac uRran tyeSi uxdeba siaruli.

Tu am varauds gavyvebiT, ori ram udavo iqneba. pirveli is, rom am teqstis klasikur literaturasTan aluzia sruliad Segnebuladaa avtoris mier daSvebuli, xolo meore is, rasac

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avtori Riad ambobs, rom Cven aq sul sxva rames vkiTxulobT, xolo sinamdvileSi is sruliad sxva rames wers.

calke Temaa erlom axvledianis codnisadmi damokide-buleba (amis Sesaxeb batoni zurab kiknaZec wers SesavalSi) da misi gamoyeneba mxatvrul prozaSi. dRevandel literatura-Si xSirad vawydebiT daumuSavebel masalas. dRes iSviaTad Tu vinme mimarTavs imgvar xelsawyos, vaJa-fSavela rom quras uwodebs. avtorisTvis ki es Cveulebrivi moTxovnaa, radgan is codnas yovelTvis SigniT daeZebs... amitomaa, rom kiTxvis dros TiToeuli pasaJi uamrav asociacias aRZravs. es is ga-damuSavebuli codnaa, romelic ukve avtoris cnobierebaSia Cabudebuli da karis TiToeul gaRebaze (roca avtori azris formebs eZebs) frinvelebiviT wamoiSlebian xolme.

erlomisTvis yvelaferi, rac kacobriobis codnis sa-xiT „gareT“ arsebobs, „Signidan“ aris gamotanili. am codnis erTaderTi wyaro TviTon adamiania. amiT is garedan Semo-sul codnas ki ar aprotestebs, aramed adamians arwmunebs, rom am yvelafris wakiTxva adamianis „mexsierebis baraTzec“ SeiZleba. Tumca es Semecnebis Zalze rTuli gzaa, SedarebiT advilia gareT gamotanili codnis gacnoba. Tumca arasodes unda daaviwydes adamians, rom garedan Semotanili codna av-tomaqanis akumlatoris movaleobas asrulebs, is aucilebe-lia SemecnebiT Sida meqnizmis asamuSaveblad, xolo Semdeg mere energiis (codnis) wyaro Tavad es meqanizmi xdeba.

amitomaa, rom erlomis mxatvrul teqstebSi enciklopedi-uri masala isea „gadaReWili“, rom ukve Wirs masSi pirveladi nedleulis gamorCeva. literaturaTmcodneebs ki sCveviaT, rom mTlianad daSalon teqsti da yvelafers Tavisi saxeli daarqvan. erlomis SemTxvevaSi samecniero instrumentiT Ses-rulebuli detaluri analizi TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, radgan nebismieri mxatvruli saxis axsna aq mxolod isev mxatvruli saxiTaa SesaZlebeli, magram am dros ikargeba is simartive, romelsac avtori aRwevs. amitom, SesaZloa, rom mkiTxvels wignis recenziis gaSifrva isev avtoris teqstis daxmarebiT mouwios(!).

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albaT, esaa mizezi, rom dRemde CvenSi erlom axvledian-is mxatvruli Semoqmedebis samecniero kvleva TiTqmis ar Sesrulebula.

(xandaxan ggonia, rom erlom axvledianis Semoqmedeba-ze dumiliT ufro mets ityvi, vidre codniTa da mWevrme-tyvelebiT. Tu es asea, maSin me „koRo qalaqSi“ gamosvlis Semdeg imden xans (oTxi weli) vdumdi da rom axla am weriliT mxolod Cemi dumilis redaqtirebas vaxden).

saerTod ki, erlom axvledianis Semoqmedeba mkiTxvelis-Tvis yovelTvis siaxle iyo. am siaxleSi igulisxmeba rogorc Tanamedrove literaturuli mimdinareobisadmi erTgule-ba, ise Janrobrivi ekleqtika, rac yovelTvis did Tavsatexs uCenda mkiTxvels. am mxriv arc es nawarmoebia gamonaklisi. is, albaT, magiur realizms an grotesks ganekuTvneba. Tum-ca masSi mkiTxvelisTvis kargad nacnobi folkloruli da zRapruli elementebic Warbadaa. es ki yvelaze „Ria“ karia mis SemoqmedebaSi SesaRwevad, vidre es romanic zRaprul cam-cumis koSks daemsgavseba, romelsac arsaidan Sesasvleli ara aqvs da dro aris saWiro, rom kari gaiRos...

zogierTi mkiTxveli teqstSi Tanamedrove postmoder-nistuli mimdinareobis aSkara niSnebs dauwyebs Zebnas da aucileblad miagnebs. realurisa da iluzorulis amgvar aRrevas, rac am nawarmoebSi xdeba, mraval postmodernis-tul mweralTa nawarmoebebSi SexvdebiT. Cven vxedavT rogor Sedis avtori teqstSi da iq Tavis personaJebs esaubreba, an rodesac koRo ikargeba da avtori SiSobs, rom is sxva am-bavSi ar Sefrindes, vTqvaT „vefxistyaosanSi“ an „RvTaebriv komediaSi“,an „romeo da julietaSi“, an „aluda qeTelaurSi“, an leqsSi „bindisferia sofeli“.

mkiTxvels SesaZloa gulic dawydes, rom ase ar xdeba da klasikuri nawarmoebebis parodirebis es unikaluri Sansi ikargeba (warmomidgenia, ra ambebi moxdeba, iq rom marTlac Sefrindes koRo – g.a.), Tumca avtori uTuod madlobeli rCe-ba, rom koRos kvlav miagno da misi es moTxroba koRos gareSe ar dacarielda.

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Txrobis dros erlomi sityvis gamxatvrulebas (mxat-vrul sityvas) gaurbis. zedmetia imis Tqma, rom is ar ebrZvis sityvas, wers ubralo da martivi eniT. erideba zedmeti si-tyvebis gamoyenebas. mis teqstSi sityvac (rogorc samyaro) pirveladi brwyinvalebiT iwonebs Tavs. amiT avtori kedlis im mSenebels magonebs, romelic qvas ar arCevs. misTvis nebis-mieri formisa da zomis qva Seucvlelia, radgan mas aqvs iS-viaTi unari, qvis simrudec kedlis sisworisTvis gamoiyenos.

Tumca mis SemoqmedebaSi sul sxva datvirTva aqvs wina-dadebas, dasrulebul azrs. avtoris uCveulo azrovneba swored winadadebaSi iCens Tavs. is azris ostatia da mxatvru-lobasac azrebSi aRwevs. „azrebi Zafze asxmul margalitebs hgavs. Tu Zafi gawyda, azrebi ifanteba da ikargeba. dascqeri qvafenils da gezareba maTi akrefa. am RameSi yvelas mainc ver ipovi da sadac erTi daikarga, dae yvela iq iyos. iqneb asec jobdes - xval diliT skolisken mimavali gogo-biWebi wi-wilebiviT saTiTaod akenkaven maT da gaixareben.“

mxolod amnairi azrebiT aris SesaZlebeli, rom magiuri realizmi zRapars ar daemsgavsos, groteski dacinvad ar iqces. mweralma mkiTxveli daajeros, rom koRos wvimis wveTi namdvilad Seuyvarda.

da mainc, vin aris es koRo (romelic kolxeTis dablobze Waobebis daSrobis Semdeg SemTxveviT gadarCa da mTeli nawar-moebis ganmavlobaSi daeZebs sakuTar mkvlels, raTa sikvdi-lis Semdeg yvelgan iyos...), ra alegoria imaleba samiode bew-vSi moqceuli sicocxlis arsebobaSi?!

(me veridebodi winaswar amis gamxelas, radgan mkiTxve-lis interesi xSirad swored maSin ikargeba, roca SemTxveviT bolo gverds gadaSlis. Tumca axla ki swored imitom unda vTqva, rom mkiTxvelma es interesi ar dakargos).

Tavdapirvelad koRo RmerTTan iyo. iyo ukidegano, usas-rulo, laJvardisferi, ganusazRvreli da ganuzomeli.

adamianebma iwames is.Semdeg adamianebma dakarges rwmena da is mxsnelad, ada-

mianis saxiT moevlina kacobriobas. lurji Tvalebi hqonda.

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niSani misi maradisobisa. da adamianebma mokles is, radgan ukvdavi iyo.

amgvarad adamianebma mokles rwmena.Semdeg adamianebma mokles TavianTi siZliere da imedi.bolos is movida, rogorc koRo (koRosac lurji Tvalebi

hqonda. niSani misi ukvdavebisa). amjerad is adamianis sisuste-sa da uZlurebas warmoadgenda da moeloda maTgan sikvdils, raTa adamians dabruneboda imedi, Zala da simSvide.

man ipova (amoarCia) Tavisi mkvleli, magram jimSerma mainc ver gabeda koRos mokvla. Tumca is aucileblad unda moekla vinmes, raTa es ambavi dasrulebuliyo.

„sigaretiani xeli uceb aRimarTa im xelze, romelic wer-da, romelzedac koRo ijda, romelsac koRom ukbina, radgan is mas sikvdiliviT Seuyvarda. koRos, ra Tqma unda, SeeZ-lo gaeswro, sanam meore xeli daeSveboda pirvelze, magram daezara, Tan ar undoda, sikvdilis es naRdi Sansi gaeSva.“

zogierTi recenzenti am romans poetur prozas akuT-vnebs. Tumca me ar veTanxmebi am azrs, ar vfiqrob, rom es nawarmoebi poeturi prozaa. es ar aris is SemTxveva, rodesac avtors poeturi formebi ar hyofnis da prozas mimarTavs. Cemi azriT, poezias prozisgan SekumSuli (boTlSi Cateuli Rrublis qula) energia gamoarCevs. aq ki yvelaferi nebisad gaSlilia. iSviaTia amgvari garindeba da samyaros Seqmnaze Tvalis devneba. rodesac Sen taxtze wevxar, sigarets abo-leb, xolo samyaro Sen gverdiT, mtverSi iqmneba. Sen ki Tvals adevneb sicocxlis pirvel gafaCunebas, rodesac lurjTva-la mtveri jiutad iwyebs mzisken svlas...

„ is axla TviTon aris is lurjTvala mtveri, romelic jiutad mziken miiwevs“.

mTeli es mkvdari samyaro am pawawina mtvriT gaxda cocxali.(aq metismetad didia cduneba, rom mkiTxvels mTeli

abzacebi gavacno dedamiwaze sicocxlis dabrunebisa, Tumca am ukanaskneli azris citirebaze verafriT vityvi uars).

(„ar vici, vin iyo - lurji feri Tu lurjTvala mtveri Tu TviT sicocxle, Tu TviT imedi, Tu TviT siyvaruli, Tu TviT

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saswauli samyaros Seqmnisa, romelic yovel mocemul momen-tSi kvlav iqmneba, kvlav imeorebs am Seqmnas?!“).

„..ara, es ar iyo avi qari. es is sunTqva iyo, romelic jiutad uberavda mzes _ mimqral naRverdals, raTa rogorme gaeRvivebina igi“.

es epizodi („dabruneba“ epilogis magier) CemTvis romanis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgilia. sainteresoa, rom calke-uli fragmentebis aseTi gamorCeva (me ukve vTqvi, rom calkeu-li Tavebi damoukidebeli nawarmoebis STabeWdilebas to-vebs) wignis gamosvlisTanave daiwyo. zepir saubrebSi xSirad momismenia, rom mkiTxveli TavisTvis saukeTeso epizods ar-Cevs da cdilobs erTi meores amjobinos. am mxriv „sasamarT-lo“ da „jimSeris oTaxi“ udavo favoritebi arian. pirvelSi_ sasamarTlo procesze (sadac mosamarTle iseT adgilas ijda, rom veravin xedavda) mimdinareobs gamoZieba imis Sesaxeb, Tu vin mokla koRo, xolo „jimSeris oTaxSi“ mkiTxveli gaigebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor CaisunTqa jimSerma nivTebiT savse oTaxi da amoisunTqa gabolili notio fiqrebi.

yvelafris axsnac rom SevZloT, yvela kodirebuli in-formaciac rom gavSifroT am romanSi, mkiTxveli ramden-jerme mainc daibneva misi kiTxvis dros. erTxel es moxdeba maSin , rodesac naxavs, Tu rogor daeZebs quCaSi meeqvse saku-Tar Tavs da ver poulobs (meeqvse TviTon jimSeri iyo), xolo meored maSin, rodesac jimSeri da lia wignSi Sevlen, raTa erTmaneTs Sexvdnen. mkiTxvelma ki ar unda iCqaros am dabne-ulobidan gamorkveva, radgan dabneuloba am wignisTvis erT-gvari SemoqmedebiTi mdgomareobaa. am dros is aucileblad gadaawydeba mwerals, romelic wignSic iseTive dabneulia, rogoric sakuTar saxlSi.

am Temaze muSaobis dros principulad uari vTqvi erlo-mis Canawerebis, dRiurebis, mogonebebis gamoyenebaze. maT So-ris, eWvi ar mepareba, rom mravali Canaweri moipoveba am teq-stis gasagebad. gadavwyvite mxolod gamoqveynebul teqsts da mexsierebas davyrdnobodi, radgan darwmunebuli var, rom mxolod mexsierebas SeuZlia tvinis ujredebSi Zvel, usar-

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geblo STabeWdilebas axali gadaaweros, an sruliad waSa-los. amgvari bunebrivi palimfsestebi CemTvis bevrad ufro sandoa, vidre dRiuris gayviTlebuli furclebi, romelSic mainc ikiTxeba konkretuli drois anarekli, Tumca qaRalds ucdia misi srulad gaqroba).

romanSi garkveul kiTxvebs nawarmoebis finalic aRZ-ravs. es maSin xdeba, rodesac SevityobT, rom jimSerma marcx-niv gauxvia. es aris yvelaze arsebiTi Sedegi (kvanZis gaxsna) aqamde momxdari movlenebisa, amdenad Zalze mniSvnelovani. es epizodi, albaT, amgvar cxovel interess ar gamoiwvevda, jimSers rom ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze pirvelad ar gaex-via marcxniv. mkiTxvels gavaxseneb, rom jimSeri arasodes uxvevda marcxniv, radgan cvlilebis eSinoda. eSinoda cod-vis. es iyo misi crurwmena, misi sisuste da uunaroba. koRom Tavisi sikvdiliT daaZlevina jimSers es nakli (miuxedavad imisa, rom jimSers igi ar mouklavs) da jimSermac gabeda uka-naskneli wlebis manZilze pirvelad gaexvia marcxniv....

jimSeris mxridan es Zalze seriozuli gadawyvetilebaa, radgan SesaZloa is am gzaze daRupuliyo... an iqneb, Sin roca dabrundeboda, yvelaferi dalagebuli, garecxil-gauTo-ebuli daxvedroda. an iqneb deda daxvedroda saxlSi, an mama, an orive erTad. iqneb isini cocxlebi arian. iqneb aRmoCeni-liyo, rom hyavs da-Zma, iqneb uyvars vinme da isic daxvedroda oTaxSi, iqneb...

iqneb, mkvdari dabrunebuliyo jimSeri?!mkiTxvels axsovs, rom koRos eTnikuri kuTvnilebac aqvs.

is kolxia da rogorc yvela WeSmarit kolxs, masac lurji Tvalebi aqvs. SemTxveviTi arc isaa, rom prologSi avtors uZvelesi kolxuri simRera jer megrulad, xolo Semdeg qarTulad aqvs moyvanili:

„mze dedaa Cemi, mTvare - mamaCemi, mocimcime varskvlavebi, da da Zmaa Cemi“.

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es leqsi Cvens koleqtiur mexsierebas aRviZebs da gva-iZulebs is dro gavixsenoT, roca Cven qvebi viyaviT. texuris fskerze viweqiT. texuraSi Caisaxa Cveni yvelaze didi natvra _ cocxlebi vyofiliyaviT (Tumca maSin ar vicodiT raSi gvWirdeboda sicocxle)... Cven qvebi varT (qvebi ausrulebeli survilebia). Cveni cac da Cveni siyvarulic gaqvavebulia. qva Cveni RmerTia. Semdeg amodis mze. Cadis mTvare. wamebi Seavse-ben wuTebs, wuTebi Seavseben dReebs. dReebi Seavseben wlebs. saukuneebi aavseben maradisobas. Semdeg Cven gavqrebiT. Sem-deg Cven davbrundebiT. roca Cven davbrundebiT... maSin Cven Tevzebi viqnebiT. Sen deda iqnebi, me _ mama. Sen mama iqnebi, me _ deda.

_ roca davbrundebiT_ roca Tevzebi viqnebiT...da bolos, araferi adasturebda, rom am samyaroSi kidev

arsebobda sicocxle. planetebi garindebuliyvnen raRacis molodinSi... lagdeboda odesRac amodena imediT da STagone-biT aSlili mtveri. ubrundeboda Tavis pirvelsawyiss...

da am mkvdar samyaroSi mxolod avtori iyo cocxali da cdilobda viRacisTvis daemtkicebina, rom is namdvilad cocxali iyo (amisTvis man moukida sigarets da gaabola). diax, avtori bejiTad cocxalia (man xom ukve ixila sikvdili da gardacvaleba). is maSinac ki cocxalia, rodesac nawar-moebSi kvdeba („mwerlis sikvdili“). is oTaxSia da elodeba lurjTvala mtveri Tu TviT sicocxle rodis gaaRwevs gareT (aq igrZnoba, erTi mxriv, warsulisadmi nostalgia, xolo meo-re mxriv, usasrulo ganaxlebisadmi swrafva), elodeba, roca is kvlav koRod iqceva, mere koRo gadaiqceva Tevzad, Tevzi gadaiqceva lomad, lomi adamianad.

yvelafers amas avtori Tavis mkvdar oTaxSi daelodeba. usazRvroa misi molodini!usazRvroa misi molodini!usazRvroa Cemi molodinic!

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***teqstis gareT darCenili azrebi:ucnauria erlom axvledianis romanze recenziis daweris

survili, xandaxan ggonia, rom is SesaZlebelia...

***mgoni, am werilSi erlom axvledianis SemoqmedebasTan

dakavSirebiT warmosaxva da fantazia erTxelac ar mixsen-ebia. araferi meSleba. es ori unari erlomis SemoqmedebiT procesSi saerTod ar monawilebs. aq yvela gancda namdvilia. samyaroc sruliad realuria. ubralod, optikuri linzebis dioptria sinamdvilis amgvar saxesxvaobas warmogvidgens.

***romanis erT-erT qveTavs avtorma „saaTSi CarCenili dro“

uwoda. am droSi koRo xvdeba jimSers, uyveba Tavis Sesaxeb da sTxovs mas moklas... TiTqos gansakuTrebuli araferi xdeba. saaTSi CarCenili dro TiTqos arafriT gansxvavdeba im dro-sagan, romelsac saaTi tiktikebs. Tumca dro, romelic saaTSi rCeba, mainc ufro metia, radgan is mudam awmyoSi rCeba, vidre drodadro vinme mTeli ZaliT ar dahkravs magidas muSts da saaTi masSi CarCenil dros ar amoanTxevs.

SesaZloa, es swored is droa, romelic namdvil litera-turas inaxavs.

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ada nemsaZe

80-iani wlebis qarTuli moTxroba

(werili pirveli)

gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebi _ sabWouri politikuri sistemis dasasruli da axali epoqis, qaosuri 90-ianebis mSo-beli; gardamtexi periodi sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze mcx-ovrebi xalxebis sazogadoebriv azrovnebaSi da amis Sedegad dawyebuli gamoRviZeba; mniSvnelovani kulturuli proces-ebis dasawyisi (zog SemTxvevaSi gagrZelebac _ kulturuli novaciebis didi nawili xom 70-ianebSi Caisaxa)... saqarTvelos uaxles istoriaSi yvela aTwleuli savsea mniSvnelovani social-politikuri Tu kulturuli movlenebiT, magram 80-ianebs am mxriv Znelad Tu Seedreba romelime maTgani. es pe-riodi yvela humanitaruli profilis mkvlevrisaTvis, iqneba es literaturaTmcodne, istorikosi, sociologi, polito-logi Tu xelovnebaTmcodne, gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa. arcerTi aTwleulis Tavi da bolo ise ar gansxvavdeba erT-maneTisagan, rogorc 80-ianebis, _ werda S. iaTaSvili Jurnal `cxel SokoladSi~ 2013 wels. marTlac, 1980 wels Znelad Tu warmoidgenda adamiani imas, rac 10 wlis Semdeg 1989-90 wleb-Si moxdeboda ara mxolod sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze, aramed saqarTveloSic.

miuxedavad xelovnebis yvela sferoSi dawyebuli siaxle-ebisa (mxatvroba, Teatri, kino, musika), ar viqnebiT tenden-ciuri, Tu vityviT, rom 80-ian wlebSic dominanti qarTul kulturaSi, tradiciisamebr, isev mwerloba iyo. wina Ta-obis ukve saxelmoxveWili mwerlebis (o. WilaZe, W. amirejibi, g.doCanaSvili, g. gegeSiZe, o. CxeiZe, a. sulakauri, n. dumbaZe, r. WeiSvili, j. qarCxaZe, o. ioseliani...) gverdiT Cndebian axali saxelebi: merab abaSiZe, gia lomaZe, mika aleqsiZe, Ten-giz Calauri, jemal TofuriZe, nugzar SataiZe, badri Woxo-neliZe, goderZi Coxeli, soso paiWaZe, laSa TabukaSvili,

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maka joxaZe, naira gelaSvili, qeTi niJaraZe, ana mxeiZe, kote jandieri, giorgi baqaniZe da a. S. maT bevri siaxle Semoitanes rogorc siuJeturi TvalsazrisiT, ise formis mxrivac. 90-ian wlebSi maka joxaZe werda: `70-ianelebi (igulisxmeba 70-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi mosuli Taoba, a. n.) _ Zvirfasi nadav-liT datvirTuli da CaZiruli gemebi... es iyo Taoba, romel-mac erTgvarad donoris rolic ki Seasrula wina TaobisaT-vis, ar misca mas modunebis saSualeba da axali SemoqmedebiTi biZgebiTa da stimulebiT aavso... meore mxriv, es iyo Taoba, romelic momdevno Taobebisgan uRvTod `ganiZarcva~, xolo kidev ufro axlebma, e. w. àxalma talRam~ saerTod araferi icis maT Sesaxeb da `gulubryvilod~ miaCniaT, rom litera-turuli novaciebi maT mier iwyeba mravalsaukunovan qarTul literaturaSi~.

wina aTwleulebTan SedarebiT 80-iani wlebis litera-turuli palitra gacilebiT mravalferovania, rasac xels uwyobs literaturul gamocemaTa siuxve: `ciskari~, `mnaTo-bi~, `ganTiadi~, `saunje~, `Woroxi~, `nobaTi~, `saTave~ (80-ian wlebSi gamovida erTi nomeri), `liaxvi~ (80-ian wlebSi gamovi-da 3 nomeri), `literaturuli saqarTvelo~.

samwuxarod, Cvens literaturaTmcodneobaSi XX saukunis 70-80-iani wlebi sistemurad Seswavlili ar aris, Sesabamisad, arc am uaRresad mniSvnelovani periodis literaturis zog-adi tendenciebi da maT mier motanili siaxleebia gamokvleu-li. xsenebuli epoqis aseTi uyuradRebod datoveba ZiriTa-dad obieqturma mizezebma ganapiroba: 90-ianebSi dawyebulma politikurma qaosma, saxelmwifos politikurma da ekonomi-kurma ngrevam, axal, kapitalistur relsebze gadarTvam da amis Sedegad miRebulma ekonomikurma krizisma, ramac, erTi mxriv, kulturuli qaosi, meore mxriv ki, tradiciuli dis-kursis marginalizacia gamoiwvia.

gia lomaZe, mika aleqsiZe, merab abaSiZe, Tengiz Calauri... isini 70-80-iani wlebis mijnaze gamovidnen asparezze, jemal TofuriZem ki 80-ianebSi gadasvlac veRar moaswro... maT Semo-qmedebaSi Cans axalgazrduli energia, tradiciuli gzidan

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gadaxvevis, gabatonebuli literaturuli formebis msxvre-visa da siaxlis Semotanis survili, Tavisuflebis surnelic igrZnoba... am periodis prozis mTavari Tematuri markeri ki egzistencialisturi problematika da samyaroSi martod darCenili, miusafari adamianis tragikuli bedia: adamiani zneobrivad daeca, RmerTma miatova da sociumisganac uRv-Tod gaiwira.

80-iani wlebis qarTulma moTxrobam ramdenime siaxle SesTavaza qarTul literaturas. am periodis niSandobli-vi Temaa `damsxvreuli samyaro~, masTan gawyvetili kavSiri da amis Sedegad gaCenili: sevda, SiSi, martooba, uimedoba... gia lomaZis `TabaSiris kacSi~ (1981 w.) umTavresi problema samyaroSi martod darCenili adamianis tkivilia. mwerali or samyaros upirispirebs erTmaneTs: erT mxares TabaSiris kaci dgas, meore mxares _ manon lasaura da yvela danar-Ceni. pirvelSi siwminde, gulwrfeloba, patiosnebaa, meore-Si _ qaosi, gulgriloba, pirferoba, angareba da egoizmi. manon lasauras samyaro miuRebelia TabaSiris kacisTvis da piriqiT. TabaSiris kaci warsulis daviwyebiT axerxebs mSve-nierebis SenarCunebas. amitomac igi jiutad ewinaaRmdegeba samedicino personals, roca warsulis gaxsenebas sTxoven. daviwyeba aq gadarCenis erTaderTi pirobaa, mwerlis pozicia ki sakmaod SemaSfoTebeli: adamiani da misi saarsebo garemo imdenad Seicvala, rom realobisa da silamazis Tanaarseboba SeuZlebeli gaxda. isini, rogorc ambivalenturi mocemu-lobebi, mxolod erTmaneTis gamoricxviT arseboben.

moTxroba montaJis xerxiTaa agebuli. erT xazze akinZul am fragmentebSi sxvadasxva profesiis, asakisa da sqesis war-momadgenlebis cxovrebaa gadmocemuli, magram harmonia da silamaze arsadaa, yvelgan siyalbe da moCvenebiTi wesiere-baa. `sxeulSi _ siZva, sulSi _ sicariele~, _ ambobs mwerali irakli xavTasis qaliSvilebze, magram es ganaCeni moTxro-bis TiTqmis yvela personaJze vrceldeba. am samyaroSi ada-miani sxva adamianebzea damokidebuli, maT Sexedulebebze, saqcielze, qmedebebze... frangulma egzistencializmma dasva

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kiTxva: ras niSnavs adamianisTvis sxva adamianebis arseboba an ararseboba da ra xarisxiT arsebobs adamiani sxvebisaT-vis? adamianis TviTcnobierebisaTvis sulerTi ar aris sxve-bis warmodgena masze, radganac igi sociumis wevria. frangi egzistencialistis, gabriel marselisTvis, bevri dramis safuZveli swored konfliqtia im mkveTrad ganxvavebul war-modgenebs Soris, Tu ras fiqrobs adamiani sakuTar Tavze da rogor iReben mas sxvebi. `TabaSiris kacis~ personaJebi up-irovnebo masis wevrebi arian. isini mxolod socialuri ro-lis Sesasruleblad dadian erTmaneTTan ojaxebSi, garSemo ki siyalbea. TabaSiris kacis cxovreba piriqiT, Zalian gul-wrfelia, mis cxovrebas ar zRudavs konfliqti, romelic adamianTa urTierTobebSi aRmocendeba. magram, miuxedavad amisa, isic martoa am samyaroSi. misi Serqmeuli saxeli (Ta-baSiris kaci) da misi poza (mTeli dReebi kedlisken zurg-Seqceuli da gaSeSebuli dgoma) grZnobaTa samyarosagan gaTiSvis, gaucxoebis maniSnebelia da imis cdaa, adamianTagan TabaSiris kedliT gamijnulma mosalodneli gulistkivili aicilos Tavidan. magram simSvidis miRweva am SemTxvevaSic SeuZlebelia. manon lasaurasTan Rameuli saubrisas ikveTe-ba saukunis miwurulis kacobriobis kidev erTi tragedia da umTavresi egzistenciuri sakiTxavi: `Cven xom yvelani erTi jaWviT varT gadabmulebi? da xom unda vigrZnoT, vinmes da-cemiT rogor daiWimeba jaWvi? Tu metismetad bevrni ecemian, viciT, ver vZlevT dacemulTa simZimes da vwyvetT am jaWvs, rom Cvenc ar gadagviyolon!.. Cvenc vtovebT maT TavianT dardTan da wuxilTan, rogorc keTrovnebs da aravis vakar-ebT Cvens gancdebs, vinaidan ar veliT TanagrZnobas. mivdi-varT martoni da mivaTrevT codvaTa grZel jaWvs, romelic yovel nabijze imav nabijiT grZeldeba ufro~.

egzistencialisturi problematika axlobelia mika aleqsiZisTvisac. am saxelma Tavidanve miiqcia yuradReba. ìseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, rom Segirdobis, literaturu-li trenaJis periodi arca hqonia. pirvelive moTxrobebiT ukve Camoyalibebul mwerlad warsdga mkiTxvelis winaSe~

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(z.gogia). moTxroba `sulSi Cakiduli mTvare~ (1981 w.) lite-raturaSi kargad damuSavebuli Temis _ mamisa da vaJiSvilis dapirispirebazea agebuli. Tumc mxolod es ar aris mwerlis saTqmeli. aq sxva opoziciebic SeimCneva: simaxinje/silamaze, bedniereba/ubedureba, Tavisufleba/monoba. moTxrobis personaJ xeibar biWs fizikuri nakli tragikuli cxovrebis ganmapirobebel mTavar mizezad miaCnia. fizikuri simaxin-je, erTi mxriv, ubedurebis momaswavebeli, avbediTi niSania, xolo, meore mxriv, sazogadoebisagan uaryofis, zurgSeqce-vis, diskrinimaciis mizezi. imave problematikas wamoswevs merab abaSiZe 70-ian wlebSi daweril Tavis erT-erT sauke-Teso moTxrobaSic àqeT maSxalebi, kvazimodo!~ fizikurad maxinj mTavar personaJs sazogadoebasTan dapirispireba uwevs Tavisi gansxvavebulobis gamo: `patara kacunebo! d i d a r s simaxinje igi _ ufliT naboZebi! is me gzas mixsnis im samyarosken, romlis xilvasac Tqven verasodes eRirsebiT!~ misTvis es gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba erTgvari biZgia agresiisken.

fizikuri simaxinjisa da sulieri mSvenierebis Tema lit-eraturisTvis axali ar aris, igi mravalgzisaa damuSavebuli. sazogadoebisaTvis miuRebeli an ZneladmisaRebi gansxvaveb-uli adamiani yovelTvis tragikuli bedisaa, xolo misi miuRe-blobis mizezi masis konservatiulobaa, risi daZlevac sak-maod rTuli da droSi gaxangrZlivebuli procesia. `masa da àdamianuri~ antipodebia~ (g. marseli), rasac kvlav sazoga-doebisa da pirovnebis dapirispirebasTan mivyavarT. merab abaSiZis dasaxelebul moTxrobaSic es konfliqtia aRweri-li. erTferovan da erTsaxovan masasTan Seurigebeli mTavari personaJisTvis agresia Tavdacvis saSualebad iqceva, mika aleqsiZis moTxrobis personaJi gonji biWi ki mxolod fiqrSi uwevs winaaRmdegobas mamas (misi mokvla surs) da amiT inug-eSebs Selaxul Tavmoyvareobas. am periodis prozaikosebma Tamamad da gadaWriT Sehbedes tradiciul Rirebulebebs: ojaxs (kote jandieri), bebiebsa da babuebs (jemal Tofuri-Ze), mamas (mika aleqsiZe, gia lomaZe), rwmenas (merab abaSiZe).

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pirovnuli Tavisufleba da martooba egzistencialis-turi filosofiis erT-erTi mTavari problemaa. ra aris Tavisufleba da rogor unda mivides adamiani aqamde? alber kamius idealia àbsurduli adamiani~, romelsac arc RmerTi swams da aRarc samyaro esaubreba. aRaranairi orientiri, romelzec igi aawyobda sakuTar RirebulebaTa sistemas, aRar arsebobs. rCeba mxolod sakuTari Tavi. amitomac kamiu midis aseT daskvnamde: erTaderTi faseuloba da mosamar-Tle sakuTari Tavisa aris Tavad adamiani. esaa umaRlesi Tav-isufleba, romelic egzistencializmma mianiWa adamians da romelic mas RvTis msgavsad aqcevs. adamianis cxovreba Rirs arsebobisaTvis Sromad. kamius magaliTad mohyavs sizife _ àbsurduli adamianis~ etaloni: `sizife gvaswavlis umaR-les erTgulebas, romelic uaryofs RmerTebs. igi miiCnevs, rom yvelaferi kargadaa. es samyaro ar warmoudgeba mas arc unayofod da arc arasaWirod. brZola mwvervalze asvlisaT-vis sakmarisia, raTa aavsos adamianis guli. sizife bednierad unda miviCnioT~. magram, meore mxriv, es absoluturi Tavisu-fleba ar niSnavs moralisa da eTikis zogadi normebis ugul-vebelyofas: àbsurdi ar aTavisuflebs, aramed akavSirebs. is ar aZlevs sanqcias yvela moqmedebas. is, rom yvelaferi nebadarTulia, ar niSnavs imas, rom araferi ikrZaleba~. omis-Semdgom wlebSi kamiu, sartris msgavsad, cdilobs, SeimuSaos humanisturi eTika, romelSic Tavisufleba, solidaroba da pasuxismgebloba dafuZnebuli iqneba umaRles moralur fa-seulobebze: `ras warmoadgens ajanyebuli adamiani? esaa ada-miani, romelic ambobs àras~.

80-iani wlebis qarTulma moTxrobam pirovnuli Tavisu-flebis problema erT-erT umTavres sakiTxad daayena. ada-mianuri urTierTobebis SeuZleblobas kamiu samyaros ab-surdulobas abralebda: `Tuki samyaro ar aris adamianuri, adamianebic xdebian araadamianurebi~. adamianebi, romelTac aRar esmiT arc sakuTari Tavis da arc sxvebis, ganwirulni arian martoobisaTvis. samyarosa da pirovnebis CaSlili ko-munikaciisadmi aseTi damokidebuleba Cans qarTvel 80-iane-

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lebTanac. kerZod, mika aleqsiZis moTxrobebSi `sulSi Caki-duli mTvare~ da ̀ babuSi~. ̀ babuSis~ personaJi 12 wlis bavSvia, romelsac umamobis gamo gaubedes gadaTelva. moTxrobaSi egzistencialisturi problemebis mTeli jaWvi ikveTeba. sazogadoeba sastikia misi calkeuli wevris, gansakuTrebiT ki sustis mimarT. Ziebis gzaze damdgari babuSi swori gzis povnas ara sxvaTa daxmarebiT, aramed damoukideblad, mamis sxeulSi metafizikuri SesvliT axerxebs: ìqneb swored ami-tom gaviRviZe am sisxam diliT... menaxa nislSi amRvreul mdi-nares rogor gamotopavda daosebuli mamaCemis veeba landi, rogor Cadgeboda napirze migdebul, Zirgamompal navsa da mzis aTinaTs Sua da rogori amazrzeni siCqariT gaizrdebo-da. me Tvals Sevavlebdi mis ganier mxrebs da im adgils, sadac odesRac Tma SeaWres, saidanac Cemi kacobis naTlobas edebo-da saTave. gavqandebodi da mis uSvelebel mxrebs Sevaxtebo-di, Cavekidebodi misi sxeulis wkvarams, rom, iqneb, rogorme, misi monacrisfro mziTa da nisliT daburuli, gaSeSebuli mxrebiT damefara samyaro, romelsac vxedavdi...~ martooba da umegobroba tanjavs patara xeibar biWsac `sulSi Cakidul mTvareSi~. masTan es gancda ufro mZimea, radgan amas biWis fizikuri arasrulyofileba amZafrebs, martoobas am etapze fizikur gansakuTrebulobas ukavSireben. Tumca, yvelaf-ris miuxedavad, SeiZleba vTqvaT: babuSic da xeibari biWic swored kamius àbsurduli adamianebi~ arian, amitom maT aqvT Tavisuflebis mopovebis didi Sansi `humanisturi eTikis~ farglebSi _ Tavisufleba, solidaroba da pasuxismgebloba. amisaTvis maT swori gza ukve napovni aqvT.

mTlianad personaJis Sinagan monologzea agebuli mika aleqsiZis `mdumarebis mejlisi~ (1983 w.). rogorc g. kankava wers, igi `mkveTri sulieri winaaRmdegobebiT aRbeWdili moTxrobaa, depersonalizaciis gamoxatulebaa, TviTgancdis (me-gancdis) darRvevis mxatvruli Cvenebaa, rac dasavlel mwerlebTan aaxloebs mas~. moTxrobaSi dominanturia egzis-tencialisturi problematika: samyaroSi adamiani martoa, maSinac ki, roca mas gverdiT hyavs axlobeli, radgan yvela-

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nairi kavSiri droebiTia da Zalze xanmokle. am moTxrobaSi martoobis problema kidev ufro mZafrdeba, radgan masTan erTad mTeli faseulobiTi sistema irRveva: ìci saidan iwye-ba yvelaferi? kaci Tavdapirvelad samSoblos gancdas kar-gavs, samSoblowarTmeuli kacisTvis ki TandaTan yvelaferi ikargeba, radgan pirovneba aRar arsebobs, is Zala aRar arse-bobs, rom Tavisi Tavi, Tavis moyvasi abuCad agdebisgan ixsnas. ...abuCad agdebuli, gamasxaravebuli, jambazad qceuli kacis ra SeiZleba daijerebodes... imas siyvaruli aRar SeuZlia...~ aq moTxrobis egzistencialistur problemaTa speqtrSi iWreba erovnuli sakiTxi, samSoblos siyvarulis grZnobis dakargva, rac araa damaxasiaTebeli zogadad am filosofi-uri mimdinareobisTvis da misi arseboba qarTul literatur-aSi mxolod Cveni qveynis imdroindeli politikuri viTare-biT SeiZleba aixsnas. mika aleqsiZis am moTxrobaSi, marTalia, sakmaod mwvavedaa gaazrebuli samSoblos gancda (yvela da-narCeni gancdis pirvelsawyisad), Tumc Semdeg moTxrobaSi es xazi aRar viTardeba da msjeloba mTlianad pirovnuli martoobisa da Tavisuflebis Ziebis mtanjveli gancdebis aRweras eTmoba. saerTod, mTeli moTxroba (gansakuTrebiT meore naxevari, sadac bavSvTa saxlis binadari patara cis-ferTvaleba biWi ararealur personaJad _ `patara qristed~ _ transformirdeba) gaorebuli gancdiT ikiTxeba: Tanab-rad SesaZlebelia, asaxuli momxdariyo realuradac (faqti) da yofiliyo alkoholiT dabinduli gonebis warmosaxvis nayofic (fantazia).

egzistenciuri problematikis gansakuTrebiT siRrm-iseuli damuSavebiT gamoirCeva mika aleqsiZis erT-erTi saukeTeso moTxroba `lampionebi gauqmebul portSi~ (1984 w.). mTavarma personaJma golam, romlis mxatvrul saxeSic mw-eralma mTeli Tavisi msoflmxedvelobrivi pozicia Caatia, kidec dasva da kidec gadaWra umTavresi problema _ rogor unda moipovos adamianma dakarguli Sinagani, pirovnuli Tavisufleba. es problema mWirdod ukavSirdeba egzisten-cialur SiSs. `ra igulisxmeba `SiSSi~? egzistencialisti sia-

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movnebiT ganacxadebs, rom adamiani _ es SiSia~ (sartri). sar-tri SiSs adamianur kategoriad moiazrebs, oRond mis gada-laxvaSi mTel pasuxismgeblobas isev pirovnebas akisrebs. SiSi/pirovnuli Tavisufleba ori urTierTdapirispirebuli kategoriaa, romelTagan erTis gamarjveba mxolod meoris daTrgunvis xarjze xorcieldeba. TiTqos moulodnelia, magram mTxrobeli SiSis daZlevas swored golas meSveobiT, golas arsebobiT axerxebs. ès sul sxva SiSia, arc Secodebis, arc Secdomebis, arc simartovis SiSs ara hgavs, miT umetes sikvdilisas. miuxedavad amisa, TiToeuli es gancda TavisTa-vad moicavs am SiSs. SesaZloa marto me ki ar vgrZnob am SiSs, SesaZloa adamianTa umetesobas zaravdes yovelive, rac erT-droulad namdvilsac hgavs da aranamdvilsac~, _ fiqrobs moTxrobis gmiri. amaze saubrobs sartric Tavis naSromSi da miiCnevs, rom adamiani Tavad qmnis sakuTar Tavs, cxovre-bas, Sesabamisad, mSiSarac pasuxismgebelia sakuTar SiSze, radgan `TviTon aqcia Tavisi Tavi mSiSarad Tavisi qcevebiT~. SiSisagan TavdasaRwevad sazogadoebas patara biWi moevli-na, romelmac, mcire asakisa da umniSvnelo cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis miuxedavad, ukve icis Tavisuflebis gzac da fasic. amisken ki babuis saqcieli ubiZgebs: `sul raRac wuT-Si mixvda, rom mTelma samyarom gaimeta. is ki saxeebsac ver arCevda, ise gavda yvela erTmaneTs. uceb mixvda, samyaroc ar Rirda Surisgebad...~ da ase amayad Tavaweulma Seabija Turme anTebuli CiraRdniT zRvaSi. biWisTvis babuis swored es saqcieli aRmoCnda orientiri cxovrebis swori gzis Zeb-nisas da Tavisuflebis SegrZnebac aman moitana: `mec babua-CemiviT moviqceodi... wavidodi zRvaSi da marto Zvel navsa da flostebs davutovebdi Cems SviliSvils mosagoneblad, radgan axla kargad vici, rom esec sakmarisi yofila~. nawar-moebis mTavari gmiri Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT, winaparTa gzis gaanalizebiTa da misi gamocdilebis gaTavisebiT miakvlevs sulieri Tavisuflebis gancdas, aRwevs yofierebis umaRles instancias. aq kidev erT sakiTxs, fsiqosocialuri idento-bis problemas, vawydebiT, risi mopovebac TavisTavad gu-

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lisxmobs Tavisuflebis damkvidrebas SiSis daZlevis gziTa da uSualo genetikur winaparTan (mama, babua) jaWvis gabmiT.

moTxrobaSi daxatuli garemo saocrad ùnayofo da fun-qciadakargulia~ (z. gogia), aq mxolod ramdenime usaxo per-sonaJia, magram sruliad sakmarisi, vinaidan isini gamoxata-ven mTavars – mTeli sazogadoeba maTsaviT sakuTari saxis uqonelia, erTaderTi gamokveTili xasiaTi moTxrobaSi aris gola, romelic am brbodqceul sazogadoebas saxis povnisken ubiZgebs da Tavisuflebis gzasac aswavlis (aq SeuZlebelia ar gagvaxsendes patara uxeiros msxverpli, romelic Tavisi sikvdiliT dakargul Tavisuflebas ubrunebs vans): ès Tav-isuflebas ki ara, RmerTma uwyis, rasa hgavso... Tavisufleba sul sxva ram ariso... Tavisuflebas mere gaCvenebo, Senc cota kidev rom gaizrdebi, mereo...~, _ arigebs igi kacs. naTelia, ra `gazrdazecaa~ saubari. aq kargad Cans mwerlis koncefcia _ Tavisuflebis mopovebisTvis mTavari pirovnebis Sinagani ganwyobaa da ara asaki, ramdenad aris igi mzad amis misaRebad da satvirTeblad. swored amas gulisxmobda sartric, roca acxadebda: àdamiani TviTon qmnis Tavis Tavs, irCevs ra mor-als... Cven adamians ganvsazRvravT mxolod poziciis dakave-bis _ gadawyvetilebis unariT~.

martoobis gancdas ebrZvis da gaurbis mika aleqsiZis `maestros~ (1985 w.) mTavari personaJi nikac. igi bavSvobi-danve itanjeba amiT, dedisa da mamis gverdiTac ki. akviate-buli martoobis gancda, romelic zogjer avtofobiaSic ki gadadis, mudmivad Tan sdevs mas, gansakuTrebiT mZafri ki moTxrobis finalur scenaSi xdeba, roca zRvis talRebis pirispir martodmarto darCenili TavganwirviT ibrZvis ga-darCenisaTvis. zRva aq rTuli da Seubralebeli cxovrebis metaforad gvevlineba.

Tumc `maestroSi~ sxva problematikac Cans. kritikos g. kankavas azriT, es drois bunebis kvleva da gaazrebaa: àv-tors ainteresebs drois subieqturi bunebis Cveneba, drois fsiqologizireba, surs cxovrebis esa Tu is monakveTi ganix-ilos drois sxvadasxva ganzomilebaSi... `maestroSi~ subieq-

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turi drois gageba garTulebulia droisa da qalis zneobri-vi da sasicocxlo urTierTSepirispirebis sakiTxiT...~ dro, rogorc obieqturad arsebuli erT-erTi mTavari substan-cia, moTxrobaSi saerTod ar Cans. warsuli-awmyo-momavlis triada daSlilia da fragmentulad xan warsuli Semodis TxrobaSi (bavSvobis mogonebebi), xan _ momavali (portis ludxanaSi gaTamaSebuli scena). saerTod, moTxrobis saer-To teqsturi qarga sakmaod gabundovanebulia erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli ambebisa da epizodebis qaosuri TxrobiT, Tumca SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom siuJetSi gaTamaSebuli àm-bavi~ èrT dReSi~ xdeba: `Svidi saaTi sWirdeboda kidev nikas, ufro swored, akldeboda, erTi sruli dRe rom ecxovra, erT mesamedze cota naklebi~. es erTi dRe cxovrebis raRac erTi ciklia, monakveTi, romelic drois absoluturad subieqtur gagebas gulisxmobs.

Tavisuflebis Tematika erT-erTi mTavaria merab abaSiZ-isaTvis. TiTqos ucnauria, aseT SemTxvevaSi igi yovelTvis Zvel epoqas irCevs siuJetis ganviTarebisTvis. vfiqrobT, mwerali am SemTxvevaSi meti kontrastis Seqmnas cdilobs da axerxebs kidec, fizikuri monobis daxatviT sulieri, pirovnuli Tavisuflebis udides xibls aziarebs mkiTxv-els. moTxrobebSi `cecxlSi ganbanilni~ (1985 w.), `sityvai WeSmariti~ (1983 w.) da `serviusis mona~ (1982 w.) siyvarulis, xelovnebisa da Tavisuflebis idealebs kidev erTxel Segvax-senebs mwerali. sicocxles mxolod Tavisufleba sZens azrs, xolo Tavisuflebis wyurvils WeSmariti xelovnebis samsax-uri gansakuTrebiT amZafrebs. amas cixeSi despoti asparugis SekveTebis Sesrulebisas grZnobs ̀ cecxlSi ganbanilnis~ mTa-vari gmiri TorRva. ̀ TiTqos axla pirvelad vigrZeni, rom Tav-isuflebis gareSe sicocxles fasi ara aqvs. pirvelad tyeSi vigrZeni namdvili Tavisufleba... visac erTxel mainc ugemia igi, verasodes Seegueba mis dakargvas...~ _ fiqrobs igi. mwer-lis msoflmxedvelobrivi pozicia aseTia: sisastike da nam-dvili xelovneba SeuTavsebeli kategoriebia, isini dasawyis-Sive gamoricxaven erTmaneTs. namdvili xelovnebis saarsebo

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sivrce aucileblad SeuzRudavi unda iyos, raTa man, erTi mxriv, Tavisuflebis SegrZneba da wyurvili gaaRviZos ada-mianSi, meore mxriv ki, aRiarebinos sxva adamianTa uflebebi da yvelaze mTavari _ aRiarebinos adamiani, rogorc umaR-lesi faseuloba qveynad. pirovnuli Tavisuflebis miRweviT gamowveuli umaRlesi bednierebaa `serviusis monis~ mTavari saTqmelic. adamians monobaSic SeuZlia, iyos Tavisufali, es Sinagani sulieri instanciaa, romelic garemo faqtorebze na-klebadaa damokidebuli: `cirkis kuTxeebidan zedamxedvele-bi momvardnen gaxurebuli rkinebiT. haerSi damwvris suni avarda. me ar vinZreodi. es ufro acofebdaT maT da gamware-bulni midaRavdnen sxeuls. me ki videqi... me Tavisufali viya-vi...~ asparugic da keisari siriusic totalitaruli saxelm-wifos mmarTvelis zogadi saxeebia (iseve rogorc g. lomaZis diadi dageroidi `krosvordidan~), mwerlis saTqmeli ki na-Teli _ totalitarizmi erTnairad anadgurebs yvelas, igi zogadad mSvenierebis mteria, Tavisufleba ki _ adamianis yvelaze didi monapovari.

xelovnebis arsze, WeSmaritebis raobaze, sakuTari daniS-nulebisa da movaleobis Ziebaze Cagvafiqrebs merab abaSiZis `cecxli~ (1984 w.). mwerlis mizani ori sapirispiro Tvalsaz-risis dayeneba da mkiTxvelis dafiqrebaa: ras unda iwvevdes xelovneba da ra mizans unda usaxavdes Semoqmedi adamiani sakuTar Tavs? moxuci mxatvrisa da axalgazrda mwerlis da-pirispirebaSi am ukanasknelis poziciaa swori, radgan adami-ani xelovnebas mihyavs ganwmendasTan da ara piriqiT, Tanac es aris aqtiuri adamianuri roli, rodesac adamiani Tavad qmnis sakuTar Tavs. Tuki mas raime ar gamouvida cxovrebaSi, es mxolod misi bralia da ara winaswar dadgenili bedisweris. adamianma ki ar unda daTrgunos sakuTari niWi, aramed unda gamoiyenos igi.

Tanamedrove samyaros, adamianebs Soris gaciebuli ur-TierTobebis mTavari gamomwvevi mizezi siyvarulis defici-tia. es problemac sakmao simwvaviT warmoaCina am periodis mwerlobam. merab abaSiZis `mglis poeziis~ (1986 w.) Tema siy-

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varulisgan daclili adamianuri samyaros Cvenebaa. iq, sa-dac adamians siyvarulisTvis mxolod erTi Rame sWirdeba da hyofnis, erTgulebis magaliTs iZleva mgeli. gagulgrileb-uli adamianuri samyaros danakargi bunebam SeinarCuna. arada nazi gancdebi konotaciurad yvelaze naklebad ukavSirdeba mgels Cvens cnobierebaSi. es moTxroba Tanamedrove adami-anis sulieri degradaciis maCvenebelia, mgeli ki bunebis pirvelqmnili wesrigis, siyvarulisa da erTgulebis gamom-xatveli saxea.

80-iani wlebis qarTul prozaSi saTqmelis siRrmiTa da mniSvnelobiT, asaxvis specifikuri formiT, alegoriul-sim-boluri planiT gamorCeulia gia lomaZis `krosvordi~ (1987 w.). 80-iani wlebidan Seqmnilma xelsayrelma pirobebma disiden-turi moZraoba iatakqveSeTidan gamoiyvana, ramac erovnuli moZraoba gaaZliera. am process mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli 60-70-iani wlebis mwerlobamac. Tumc, raoden gasakviric unda iyos, ukve 80-ian wlebSi win planze gamovida egzistencialis-turi problematika, adamianis martoobisa da miusafrobis sakiTxebi, rwmena/urwmunoebis dilema, erovnulma sakiTxma ki TiTqos poziciebi daTmo (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs mcire zomis TxrobiTi Janris Txzulebebi: moTxroba, novela). Cven mier ganxiluli mwerlebidan mxolod gia lomaZis `krosvords~ aqvs mZafri politikuri konteqsti. SeiZleba iTqvas, aseTi simZafre iSviaTia manamdec (g. doCanaSvilTan da o. WilaZesTan totalitaruli modeli simbolur-alegoriul planSia gad-awyvetili). `krosvordis~ gamoqveynebis TariRi (`ganTiadi~, 1987, № 4) imaze migvaniSnebs, rom sabWoTa cenzuris pozicie-bi ukve sakmaodaa Sesustebuli. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi aseTi moTxrobis dabeWdvas vizas vercerTi Jurnalis redkole-gia ver miscemda. `krosvordSi~ xom pirdapir gaSiSvlebuli totalitaruli saxelmwifoa daxatuli, romelSic sabWoTa kavSiris amocnoba arc ise Znelia. moTxrobis Tematika da pa-Tosi swored drois Sesaferisia, gamWvirvale mxatvruli qs-ovili ki, romelSic sakmaod gamokveTili ideologiuri foni kodirebuli sityvebis amosaxsnelad (amisken TviT saTauric

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gvibiZgebs) Sors wasvlas ar saWiroebs, 70-iani wlebis bolo-dan dawyebuli procesebis Sesabamisia.

warmodgena am samyaroze, romelic qalaqia Tu qveyana Zneli gasarCevia, Cndeba uSualod Txrobis dawyebamde: ùcn-auria aq yvelaferi, ucnauri!.. TiTqos minis veeba xufi hxur-avs aqaurobas... mdinareebi mavTulis badeebiTaa gadaketili, xolo napirebs mavTulxlarTebi gasdevs, Citebic ucnaurni arian aq, arsad mifrinaven zamTrobiT; ...raRacnairad mZimed da dabla dafrinaven, an uZravad sxedan dabal, saSualo tanis kacis simaRlis telegrafis boZebze; uZravad, usicocxlod, TiTqos nacrisferi, damtverili SuSisTvalebiani fitule-bi... Tvinieri morCilebiT giyureben, roca uaxlovdebi, erTs ar Seirxevian, xels roca gaiwvdi asayvanad, arc gasxltomas cdiloben da mere, roca gauSveb, isev im adgils ubrundebian, saidanac aiyvane...~ am, erTi SexedviT, umniSvnelo detaliT mwerali dageroiduli qveynis zogad saxes xatavs: usicocx-loba, uemocioba, normirebuli yofa... marTlac dageroid-Ta qveyanaSi yvelaferi winaswaraa gansazRvruli diadi dageroidis mier, yoveli adamianis cxovreba dagegmili da gawerilia (kanoniT gansazRvruli Svilebis raodenoba, qor-winebis asaki, erTnairi saWmeli, sasmeli, xelfasi, sacxovreb-el saxlTa farTobi da oTaxTa ganlageba, aveji Tu saojaxo nivTebi _ ginda-arginda, gonebaSi TavisTavad amotivtivde-ba sabWoTa periodSi legendad qceuli filmi `bedis ironia anu gaamoT~, romelSic erTdroulad lamazad da sarkastu-ladaa gadmocemuli swored es `zemodan~ dagegmili yofa. saocaria, rogor misca aseTi popularobis saSualeba films reJimma!), aseTivea garesamyaroc (xeebi xuTi metri simaRl-isaa, reliefi _ swori, mdinareebi _ mdore, Rrubeli _ Tx-eli da sifrifana, temperatura _ mudam +20 gradusi, wvima _ yovelTvis Tbili da mosabezrebeli...). aqedan gamomdinare, gasakviri aRarc TiTqmis garobotebuli adamianebi arian, sx-vanairad SeuZlebeli iqneboda, dageroiduli saxelmwifos awyoba. es xom saaTis meqanizmia, sadac adamianebi umciresi WanWikebisa da kbilanebis funqciebs asruleben mxolod.

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sainteresoa TviT saxelmwifos saxelwodebac. asociaciurad igi miRebulia dagerotipisagan. es iyo iyo pirveli pozi-tiuri fotografiuli gamosaxuleba, romlis gamravlebac SeuZlebeli iyo (igi lui dagerma miiRo vercxliswylis or-Tqlisa da natriumis qloridis sxnariT). saxelmwifos saxel-wodebad pirveli fotografiuli kadris saxelis arCeva fun-qciurad datvirTulia da mianiSnebs am saxelmwifos mTavar misiaze _ axali, marTvadi adamianebis gamoyvana, romlebic fotografiuli sizustiT gvanan erTmaneTs.

`krosvordSi~ gia lomaZis TiTqmis yvela adreuli mo-Txrobis motivma da interpretaciam moiyara Tavi, yvela sam-yaro, yvela sazrisi, yvela problema SeerTda, gamTlianda... rogorc sxva moTxrobebSi, tyveoba da tragedia aqac in-teleqtualuria, Tumca `TabaSiris kacis~ urbanistuli kon-teqsti `krosvordSi~ politikuri konteqstiTaa Secvlili, pirovneba daTrgunulia saxelmwifos politikuri sistemis mier~ (T. wowonava). moTxrobis umTavres problemas Tavisu-fali nebis gareSe datovebuli adamiani warmoadgens, rac aris RvTiuri nebis, samyaroseuli wesrigis darRveva. erTi adamianis fiqri da misi fiqris Sesabamisad mravali adamianis moqmedeba totalitaruli reJimis umTavresi niSania (rac 70-ian wlebSi SesaniSnavad gamoxata Wabua amirejibma arqifo seTuris saxiT).

qarTul sinamdvileSi Seqmnilma yvela im Txzulebam, rom-lebic imperiuli modelis gamoxatvas isaxavda miznad, mogv-ca diqtatori beladis saxe. maT Sorisaa gia lomaZis diadi dageroidic, romelic aravis hgavs, miuxedavad imisa, rom aqvs diqtatoris yvela maxasiaTebeli. metic, mas erTi konk-retuli diqtatoris niSnebic ki SeiZleba vupovoT: ùbralo, sadad Sekerili nacrisferi Sarvali, yavisferi perangi, samx-edro yaidis nacrisferive kiteli, yovelgvari rangis da mdgomareobis aRmniSvneli atributikis gareSe, iseve rogorc yoveli rigiTi dageroidis Cacmuloba...~ mizani ki erTia _ `yofiTi demagogia, masebis daqvemdebarebis da sidiadis miR-wevis erT-erTi mZlavri saSualeba~. bunebrivia, diqtators unda hqondes Tavisi samoqmedo areali, romelic mxolod

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misi neba-survilis aRmsrulebeli xalxiT iqneba dasaxle-buli. mwerali dageriodTa saxelmwifos saxiT qmnis Caketil sivrces, romelic mTlianad minis veeba xufiTaa daxuruli, raTa aravin gaigos, ra xdeba mis gareT. amazec saxelmwifom izruna da gare, diadi dageriodis mier ukontrolo sivrcis Sesaxeb uaryofiTi ganwyoba Tavadve Seqmna: `gumbaTs miRma arseboben raRac ukonturo, uformo qveynebi da qalaqebi, dasaxlebuli maTdami agresiulad ganwyobili masebiT da mTavrobebiT~. diqtators SemuSavebuli aqvs sivrcis marT-vis Tavisi berketebi, romelsac xels uwyobs qveynis mowyobis sistema: xuT kategoriad dayofili da mkacrad gansazRvruli movaleobani TiToeuli kategoriisaTvis. am yvelafers dia-di axorcielebs specialurad daprogramebuli adamianebiT, romelTa tvinis emociis gamakontrolebeli naxevarsfero eleqtronuli kompiuteriTaa Secvlili. es transformire-buli adamiani-robotebi totalitaruli mmarTvelobis mier sulierad damaxinjebul adamianTa avtoriseuli mxatvruli xatebia.

sainteresoa saxelmwifoSi arsebuli aramkveTri, mibnedi-li ferebi (lampionebis moyviTalo an manqanis panelis momw-vano Suqi), romlebic mZafr emociebs ar gamoiwvevs da musika _ marSi (romlis intonacia yovel taqtSi mkacrad gansaz-Rvrul droiT erTeuls moicavs), rac aseve winaswar viRacis mier dagegmil, gamozomil moqmedebas gulisxmobs, Tanac fan-taziisTvis, ocnebisa da Tavisufali azrovnebisTvis adgils ar tovebs. moTxroba mdidaria gamWvirvale, magram mravlis-metyveli, uaRresad funqciuri datvirTvis mqone mxatvruli saxeebiT, kerZod: deklaraciebi da saxelmwifo struqture-bi: ̀ laparakis uflebis deklaracia~, ̀ dagerioduli qorwine-bis da ojaxis simtkicis dacvis sammarTvelo~, `dageroidTa namatis maregulirebeli sammarTvelo~, èTikuri normebis komiteti~, `Sromis eTikis dacvis meTvalyureTa sameuli~ (30-iani wlebis cnobili `troikis~ aluzia). amgvari saxeebiT daxunZlulia mTeli teqsti, mwerals sabWoTa saxelmwifos arc erTi sfero ar rCeba uyuradRebod, yvelaferi mkacri sarkazmis qveSaa gatarebuli.

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dageroidTa qveyanaSi yvelaze did kontrols Semoq-medebiTi unaris mqone adamianebi ganicdian. xelovnebis um-Tavresi daniSnuleba rom adamianSi Tavisuflebis wyurvilis gaZliereba da Semdeg am Tavisuflebis masisTvis moxmarebis swavlebaa, es yvela totalitarul saxelmwifos esmis. amitom aq aseTi devizia: `giyvardes mwerali, romelsac TviTon as-wavle wera da gZuldes is, vinc TavisiT iswavla~. es devizi qveynis bednierebisa da simSvidis aucilebel pirobad miaCnia diad dageroids, magram daSveba `vinc TavisiT iswavla~ ukve imaze mianiSnebs, rom TviT gaugonari sisastikisa da despo-tizmis drosac ki SeuZlebelia srulad da mudmivad akon-trolo adamianebi. amaSia nebismieri imperiis sicocxlis xanmokleobis saidumlo. dageroidul literaturaSi arar-sebuli uaryofiTi mTavari gmiri da ukonfliqtoba aseve sabWoTa periodSi gavrcelebul `dramis ukonfliqtobis Te-oriasa~ da e. w. socialistur realizms mogvagonebs.

am qveyanaSi yvelafers `saSinao saqmeTa sammarTvelo~ asrulebs, romelsac nebayofilobiT informatorTa mTeli qseli aqvs. mwerals iseTi dawvrilebiTi sizustiTa aqvs aR-werili am saxelmwifo institutis struqtura da misi muSao-bis wesi, fiqrisTvis droc ki araa saWiro, ra igulisxmeba mis ukan. Tuki wina periodis mwerlebi miTopoetur saburvelSi xvevdnen saTqmels (mag. kaciWamia virTxis gamoyvanis epizodi `daTa TuTaSxiaSi~ an gamosasworeblad aRdgeniT samuSaoe-bze gagzavna `vater(po)looSi~), gia lomaZe am moTxrobaSi uaRresad gamWvirvale saxeebs qmnis (xandaxan giWirs, maT sim-boloebi an alegoriebi uwodo, imdenad erTmniSvnelovania qveteqsti). amiT man gansakuTrebiT daamZima da gaamZafra is uaryofiTi, is sulisSemZvreli atmosfero, romlis mxatvru-li interpretaciacaa `krosvordis~ dageroiduli saxel-mwifo. es simaxinjea, romelic ara marto Trgunavs adamianis cxovrebas, aramed azrs aclis adamianurobas, adamianad arsebobas.

`krosvordi~ struqturul-kompoziciuri Taviseburebi-Tac gamoirCeva. avtori ZiriTad RerZad `c~ kategoriis `J~ qveseqtoris # № 108998 dageroidis ambavs iyenebs da Txrobas

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iwyebs im periodidan, roca masze gansakuTrebul TvalT-vals daaweseben, xolo am ucnauri saxelmwifos mTel am-bavs swored am dageroidis Sesaxeb Sedgenil patakebs Soris mogviTxrobs. kerZo da saxelmwifoebrivi ambebis amgvari ganlageba erTmaneTs avsebs da siuJets im sqematurobisagan icavs, rac mxolod zogad Txrobas eqneboda. pirveli eWvi №108998 dageroidis qcevidan Cndeba (misi saubari ucnau-robad inaTleba, radgan dadgenil normaSi ver Tavsdeba) da TvalTvalic aqedan iwyeba. pirveli sagangaSo maniSnebeli jer kidev skolaSi swavlisas gamouvlenia xsenebul dageroids _ xelovnebisaken midrekileba. fantazia am saxelmwifoSi did safrTxed aris miCneuli, radgan Tavisuflad miSvebul gonebaSi, kacma ar icis, ragvari fiqrebi SeiZleba gaCndes. amitomacaa, rom dakvirveba misi sacxovreblidan iwyeba. dageroid № 108998-s saZinebelSi ferweruli tilo ukidia, romelic SinaarsiT ar Seesabameba dageroidTa saxelmwifos `teqnikur-mecnieruli Zvrebis epoqas~. garda sami cxenisa, rac Tavisufali srbolisa da Zneladgasakontrolebeli siswrafis simboloa, aq ferebic miuRebelia: veeba mwvane min-dori da TvalismomWrelad lurji ca. araferi ar unda iyos kaSkaSa da standartsacilebuli, radgan am saxelmwifos up-irvelesi daniSnuleba adamianis standartis gamoyvanaa _ uemocio, erTnairadmofiqrali, yovelgvar individualo-bas moklebuli adamiani. mwerali ambavs sabolood yvelaze tragikul elfers sZens, dageroids daasmens sakuTari Svili, romelsac mamis dRiuri, rogorc ucnauri faqti, im yovlis-SemZle `sammarTveloSi~ miaqvs da warmodgenac ki ar aqvs, ise xdeba sakuTari mamis jalaTi. ase uimedod mTavrdeba gia lomaZis moTxroba. saerTod, sazogadoebisagan gamorCeul adamianTa bedze qarTul literaturaSi araerTi moTxroba Tu poemaa Seqmnili, magram yvela maTganSi dominanturia ime-diani finali _ protagonisti kvdeba, magram idea, romelsac is ewireba cocxlobs da aucileblad grZeldeba sxvaSi. gia lomaZesTan ki finalic saocrad damTrgunvelia: àxalgaz-rda dageroidi, oci wlis, kategoria `c~ № 3102452 mtkice, Cqari nabijiT miuyveboda quCas. dabali telegrafis boZebze

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Tanabari intervalebiT daSorebuli radioreproduqtore-bidan sazeimo marSis xma ismoda, uqme dRe iyo. axalgazrda dageroidi samxedro savaldebulo samsaxuris mesame wels gadioda da Cqarobda, yazarmaSi ar daegviana...~ Semzaravia da TiTqos warmoudgenelic mamis jaSuSis aseTi simSvide. es moTxroba diqtaturis realisturi suraTia, raTa arasodes moundes kacobriobas misken mibruneba. faqti erTia, mwerals sruli uimedobis atmosferos SeqmniT imedis sidiadisa da aucileblobis danaxveba surs, im krosvordis amosaxsnelad ganawyobs mkiTxvels, romelic erTaderTma gansxvavebulma dageroidmac ki ver amoxsna: ùcnauria aqauroba, ucnauri _ es krosvordia, romlis amoxsna me ver SevZeli _ gasaRebs ver mivageni! es krosvordia, romelic Cvenive _ dageroide-bis dumil-TanxmobiT Seiqmna da Taobebi dasWirdeba, albaT, amosaxsnelad!~ mTeli moTxroba swored am saocari kros-vordis amosxnis didi imediTaa dawerili.

sruliad naTelia, rom 80-ian wlebSi dawerili es moTxro-ba maSindeli sabWoTa sazogadoebis problemebis gamomxatve-lia upirvelesad, zogadad ki im simaxinjes aSiSvlebs, rasac totalitaruli reJimi hqvia da romlis aRmocenebis safrTxe nebismier droSi SeiZleba gaCndes.

politikuri konteqsti, oRond naklebad mwvave, SeimC-neva merab abaSiZesTanac: `moTxrobebi `cecxlSi ganbanilni~ da `sityvai WeSmariti~ semantikuri maxvilebiT, realuri da mistikuri plastebiT, formismieri da tipologiuri niS-nebiT erT azrobriv wredaa Sekruli, romlis epicentrSi rw-menis, siyvarulisa da Tavisuflebis ideaa moqceuli... orive moTxrobaSi adamianTa xvedri impersonaluria da mTeli sa-zogadoebis, gnebavT eris, uflebriv mdgomareobas moicavs~ (z. gogia). amrigad, cxadia, rom qarTuli mwerlobis magis-traluri xazi, erovnuli problematika, marTalia, Sesustda, magram ar Cakargula XX saukunis 70-iani wlebidan Semosul egzistencialur nakadSi, romelmac maSindeli mcire da sa-Sualo prozis udidesi nawili moicva.

dasasrul, mokled SevexebiT formis sakiTxsac. axalma Taobam da ganaxlebulma Tematikam bunebrivad moitana for-

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mobrivi siaxleebic, rogorc kompoziciuri TvalsazrisiT, ise mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis gamoyenebaSic. am periodis qarTul moTxrobas ramdenime zogadtipologiuri niSani aqvs. siuJetis ganviTarebis tradiciuli xazi (kvanZis Sekvra _ kuliminacia _ kvanZis gaxsna gamokveTili saxiT) aqtualuri aRaraa da amas anacvlebs meditacia, gansja, erTi personaJis TvaliT danaxuli an mis mier moyolili ambavi, bi-dominanturi meqanizmi (Sinagani komunikacia, adamianis urT-ierToba sakuTar TavTan), `cnobierebis nakadi~. xedvis tra-eqtoria subieqturi xdeba. Tuki tradiciulad avtoris mier moTxrobil ambavs mkiTxveli akvirdeboda garedan da aRqmi-sas inarCunebda SedarebiT obieqturobas, axla mkiTxveli eqceva personaJis Sinagan gancdebSi. gmiri Tavisi meditaciis samyarodan aRwers ambavs da mkiTxvelsac iTrevs SigniT. per-sonaJis gavlenis qveS moqceuli mkiTxvelic ambis ganviTare-bis pasiuri mowme xdeba. mniSvnelovania montaJis xerxi _ ZiriTad ambavSi CarTuli mcire epizodebi sxvadasxva adami-anTa cxovrebidan (gia lomaZis `kaci galavanze~, `TabaSiris kaci~, `krosvordi~). epikuri Janris siuJeturi struqtura mTlianadaa moSlili mika aleqsiZis moTxrobebSic. Txroba personaJTa SidasamyaroSi warmoebs, sadac dro mTlianad subieqturia, xandaxan ki saerTod Cerdeba (`babuSi~ wriuli struqturisaa, dasawyisi da dasasruli erTmaneTs emTxveva. TiTqos mTeli ambavi wamieri gaelvebis gaxsenebaa. magram TviT es gaxsenebac araa droulad gangrZobadi procesi, rogorc es xdeba wriuli struqturis mqone romanebSi, mag. jemal qarCx-aZis `zebulonSi~). personaJis mexsiereba sxvadasxva droSi momxdar, erTmaneTTan daukavSirebel epizodebs acocxlebs. `maestroSi~ ki mTeli periodi erT dRedaa gaazrebuli, rac aseve mxolod drois subieqturi aRqmis Sedegia.

amrigad, rogorc dakvirvebam aCvena, XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis qarTulma moTxrobam axali xedva, axleburi gamomsax-veloba da problematika Semoitana qarTul mwerlobaSi. sam-wuxaroa, rom garTulebuli social-politikuri viTarebiT gamowveulma kulturulma stagnaciam 80-ianelebi, es niWieri da imedismomcemi Taoba, sul ori-sami gamorCeuli moTxro-biT Semounaxa XX saukunis qarTuli prozis istorias.

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Tamaz vasaZe

kritikuli etiudebi

epoqebis cvla

niko lorTqifaniZis „Tavsafriani dedakacis“ im nawilSi, romelic win uswrebs mTavari gmiris konfliqts ojaxTan, enobrivi formis poeturi dawuruloba da ritmuloba gansa-kuTrebiT sagrZnobia da saxeebis, detalebis monacvleobac savsebiT aSkarad emorCileba garkveul ritmul wesrigs, rogorc poeziaSi.

poetur-ritmuli stili, sagnebis da movlenebis Tanazom-ieri da mwyobri anabeWdebi, gamozomilad, Tanabrad moZravi Txroba aq tradiciebis mier mowesrigebuli, harmonizebuli cxovrebis organuli gamoxatulebaa. simetriuli formis ka-lapots tradiciuli yofa avsebs da masSi aumRvrevlad mied-ineba. soflur-patriarqaluri yofis siwmindis xati, romel-sac niko lorTqifaniZe qmnis, mogvagonebs paolo iaSvilis cnobil leqsSi „werili dedas“ warmosaxul sofels.

SvilTan konfliqtamde moTxrobis mTavari personaJi da misi cxovreba tradiciuli yofis da zneobis zogadtipiur-sanimuSo, naklebad individualizebuli gansaxierebaa. mx-olod konfliqtis Sedegad warmoaCens igi Tavis pirovnul-ganumeorebel iers, warmodgeba TviTmyofad pirovnebad, romelic moqmedebs ukve ara myarad dadgenili tradiciis, aramed sakuTari sindisis da Rirsebis grZnobis karnaxiT; cxovrebaSi pirvelad akeTebs damoukidebel, Znel da radika-lur arCevans. Tumca unda iTqvas isic, rom am arCevanis Si-naarss swored tradiciul faseulobaTa erTguleba gansaz-Rvravs.

konfliqti erTbaSad cxadyofs yvelafers, rac manamde uCinaria, avlens rogorc mTavari personaJis individualur xasiaTs, aseve misi Svilis (saerTod, Svilebis, ojaxis wevre-bis) moralur raobas.

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qaliSvilis gesliani sityvebi amJRavnebs, rom is srulebiT ver xedavs dedis gamWvirvale Sinagan bunebas, keTilSobili sulis siuxves da aseTi ucnauri sibrmavis gamomwvevi usiy-varulobaa - misi mzera siyvarulis Semaviwroebeli egoizmis mier aris daxSuli, amitom ar SeuZlia xedavdes da afasebdes uangaro sikeTes. roca dedas egoizms da angariSianobas miaw-ers, igi Tavisi bunebis proecirebas axdens masze da uneblieT TavisTavs amxels - misTvis aris cxovrebaSi, adamianebis urT-ierTobaSi egoisturi angariSianoba warmmarTveli Zala. mis mier dajerebulad, „saqmis codniT“ naTqvami sityvebi („Se-genana“, „moimadliero“, `saRirali pativi“) misive azrovne-bis Zireul motivebze migvaniSnebs; gansakuTrebiT moxuci dedisTvis gaweuli movla-patronobis Rirebulebis gamoan-gariSebaa niSandoblivi („amis saRiral pativs ar gcemT?“). es adamiani Svilsac egoistad zrdis, Tavisi mesakuTruli Jinis dakmayofilebas da sxvebis ugulebelyofas aCvevs. swored am qals da mis Zmebs axasiaTebT egoizmi, siZunwe da angarebiano-ba, umaduroba, romelSic is dedas adanaSaulebs _ aSkaraa, rom dedis amags ar afaseben, misi Zebna eZvirebaT, misi „qoneb-is“ xalisiT gayofas ar axaneben. gasagebia, rom maT erTmaneT-ic ar uyvarT, erTmaneTs eqiSpebian.

uecrad miyenebuli sastiki dartyma moTxrobis mTavar gmirs agrZnobinebs, rom mTeli misi cxovreba _ ojaxze, Svilebze Tavgametebuli zrunva, siyvarulis, sikeTis uxvi gacema _ misTvis ucxo, uCvevma Zalam, wvrilmanma TavkerZo-bam, civma usiyvarulobam da angariSma gadaTela. magram am ubralo qals, ise rogorc sazogadoebis zedafenis mkvidr eli gordelians moTxrobaSi `Selocva radioTi“, yof-nis Zala, erTianad da mkveTrad gaemijnos sulmdablobas, romelic mis irgvliv moZalebula. amiT icavs igi Tavis nam-dvil, gaucxoebuli axloblebis mier Selaxul saxes da imas, rac mis amqveynad yofnas azrs, faseulobas aniWebs. is avlens sulier aristokratizms _ gansakuTrebul zneobriv mgrZno-biarobas da momTxovnelobas, Rirsebis gansakuTrebulad faqiz grZnobas, romelic mdare arsebobas ukadrisobs.

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aucilebelia imis gacnobiereba, rom nawarmoebis mTavari gmiris dramas, SvilebTan SeuTavseblobas siRrmiseuli so-cialur-fsiqologiuri safuZveli aqvs. niko lorTqifaniZis patara moTxrobaSi TiTqosda trivialuri sayofacxovrebo konfliqtis aRweris meSveobiT epoqebis dramatuli cvlaa moniSnuli.

Tavsafriani dedakaci aRizarda da cxovrobda mecxram-ete saukuneSi, epoqaSi, romelSic jer kidev inarCunebda Zlier gavlenas adamianuri arsebobis tradiciuli wesi, jer kidev mizidulobis Zalis mqone faseulobebs warmoadgenda RvTismosaoba da siyvarulis eTika, egoisturi instinqtebis SezRudva, altruizmi; xolo cxovrebas igi amTavrebs sxva saukuneSi, axal epoqaSi, roca aSkara upiratesoba moipova usulgulo egoizmma, materializmma da pragmatizmma, romel-sac isic SeuZlia, mecnieruli azrovnebis mkacri sifxizliT SeiniRbos da gaimarTlos Tavi (gavixsenoT erT-erTi Svilis kvazimecnieruli msjeloba dedis „ fsiqikuri daavadebis “ Sesaxeb nawarmoebis finalSi). moTxrobis mTavari gmiri aR-moCndeba realobaSi, romelSic batonobs samyaros da adami-anis mimarT utilitaristuli, gamoyenebiTi da angariSiani, sargeblis maZiebeli damokidebuleba. rasakvirvelia, am realobaSi igi Tavisi cnobierebiT _ Tanac ukve sruliad ùsargeblodqceuli “ _ ucxo da zedmetia, miTumetes, rom is adamianebi, romlebic man dabada da gazarda, arsebiTad ara misi, aramed axali epoqis Svilebi arian.

mqadagebeli

giorgi leoniZis moTxrobis `bunbulas~ mTavari persona-Ji TvalSisacemad originaluri kacia _ adamianebisadmi uc-naurad mosiyvarulea, marTlac bumbuliviT rbilia da Tavis humanistur Sexedulebebs, rwmenas mgznebared da dauRala-vad Caagonebs garSemomyofebs. Wkuis damrigeblebi sazoga-doebisTvis xSirad Tavis momabezreblebi arian, magram es ar exeba bunbulas, romelic moklebulia yovelgvar siyalbes,

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pirquS mentorul seriozulobas Tu qedmaRlobas. avtori Tavis uCveulo personaJs, sikeTis, lmobierebis STagonebul da gulwrfel mesityves, uwyinari iumoriT ekideba da iumor-is grZnobas TviTon masac uwiladebs; amasTanave myarad amkvi-drebs qarTuli soflis Cveulebriv yofaSi da amiT cxovre-biseul realurobas, adamianur damajereblobas sZens.

Tumca moTxrobis gmiri mxolod erTxel axsenebs qristes, magram misi mrwamsi Tavisi arsiT qristianulia, qristianuli kacTmoyvare eTikaa. qristianobaSi mas swored humanuri mor-ali izidavs, romlis Tanaxmadac yoveli adamiani yvela sxva adamianisTvis Zvirfasi axlobelia _ moyvasia, Zmaa. giorgi leoniZis personaJi aris kaci, romelmac srulad, Tavidan bo-lomde irwmuna qristes moraluri ideali _ adamianTa urT-ierToba mTlianad siyvarulze da saTnoebaze, sulis siwmin-deze, sindisierebaze unda iyos dafuZnebuli da masSi adgili ar unda rCebodes araviTari konfliqtis da ZaladobisTvis. bunebrivia, rom am personaJisTvis omi _ gansakuTrebulad masStaburi Zaladoba _ yvelaze amazrzeni borotebaa. Sei-Zleba iTqvas, rom moTxrobis gmiri qristianobis, qristian-uli siyvarulis da uZaladobis axal droSi dagvianebiT mov-lenili mqadagebeli da damamkvidrebelia.

rogorc namdvil morwmunes Seefereba, is Tavisi rwmenis erTgulebas Tanmimdevruli qmedebebiT avlens. es qmedebebi, antisaomari (pirveli msoflio omis sawinaaRmdego), paci-fisturi moZraobis wamowyebis cdebi xalxis TvalSi SeSli-lobaa, TviT gmiris TvalSi ki omi, adamianebis gamxeceba da xocva-Jleta, ngreva, civilizaciis ganadgurebaa aranor-maluri. igi sakuTari zneobis gadmosaxedidan ise mkveTrad xedavs omis borotebas, rom ver warmoudgenia, sxvebic ver xedavdnen, aseT aSkara da did uzneobas eguebodnen, erT-maneTisadmi qristianuli TanaziarobiT erToblivad ar upirispirdebodnen.

moTxrobis gmirs swams ,,keTil adamianTa nebis SeerTe-bis Zala~, romelsac SeuZlebelia xelisuflebam angariSi ar gauwios _ es personaJi arsebiTad samoqalaqo sazogadoebis,

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Segnebul da aqtiur moqalaqeTa erTobis Seqmnas eswrafis. magram im garemoSi, sadac igi cxovrobs, amgvari miswrafeba sruliad uniadagoa. mas wilad xvdeba iseTi gadaulaxavi mar-tooba, rogoric Tvalxiluls brmebs Soris.

oRond am adamianis marcxSi yvelaze mware is ar aris, rom misi idea gaugebari da gauziarebeli rCeba. yvelaze mwar-ea, rom TviTon mas sazogadoeba seriozulad ar aRiqvams, rogorc Serekils, xelisufleba ki ise epyroba, rogorc vig-indaras Tu Tavis gamoCenis surviliT atacebul qarafSutas da ara rogorc raime, Tundac miuRebeli ideis adepts da damamkvidrebels. amgvari marcxi adamians SesaZleblobas ar utovebs, ase Tu ise Rirseba SeinarCunos, garkveul moralur simaRleze darCes. igi sulierad bolomde damakninebeli da gamtexia.

personaJis sulier-zneobrivi travma sabedisweroa, ram-denadac mas ekargeba sakuTari Tavis pativiscema, aRmoefx-vreba adamianTa, maT Soris xelisufalTa sikeTis da goniere-bis imedi, adamianebis qristianuli, Zmuri Tanaziarobis, borotebis Semakavebeli sakacobrio solidarobis rwmena. magram amave dros mis figuras da xvedrs komikur-naklulo-vani ieri aqvs, radgan mas aSkarad aklia realobis grZnoba, adamianebis da cxovrebis fxizeli, realisturi xedva da gu-lubryvilod hgonia, rom misi keTilSobili ideis zegavlenas win veraferi daudgeba. es gansazRvravs imas, rom am persona-Jis saxis da mTeli nawarmoebis ZiriTad tonalobad tragiko-mizmi gvevlineba.

moTxrobis gmiri don kixotis arsebis natexia _ wrfeli da Rrma, momxiblavi rwmeniT da idealizmiT, miamitobiT da misi Tanmdevi komizmiT, gardauvali marcxianobiT.

Tumca giorgi leoniZis personaJs hyavs ara ase Soreuli sxva didi winamorbedic, romelsac es tragikomikuri, erT-baSad suliT dacemuli kaci gareganad arafriT hgavs, _ Zaladobis, sisxlisRvris mTeli saSinelebis damnaxveli da Tavisi humanisturi mrwamsis sazogadoebisTvis gagebine-bis amaod mcdeli, gamouval martoobaSi aRmoCenili aluda qeTelauri.

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moTxrobis avtori Tavis koloritul personaJs upi-ratesad misi metyvelebis aRbeWdviT asxams xorcs. am per-sonaJis aforizmebi, sentenciebi, replikebi, misi gansja Tu aRsareba uxvad aris Sezavebuli xalxuri xatovani sityve-biT da gamoTqmebiT, rac qarTuli soflis mkvidris saxes namdvilobas, bunebriobas matebs. personaJis sityva Rrmad gancdili, emociurad utyuari da savsea. igi intensiurad da marTlad gamoxatavs misi sulis mxurvalebas da Relvas, misi rwmenis gulwrfelobas, mis ueSmakobas da Zlier tkivils.

Sexvedra sikvdilis kerpTan

moTxroba `sasaflao“ ar Tanxvdeba Cvens warmodgenas no-dar dumbaZis iumoristuli prozis Sesaxeb, uCveulo da mou-lodnelia am warmodgenis fonze. es aris Rrmad gancdili da gaazrebuli moTxroba sikvdilis saSinelebaze da mis Zlevaze. nawarmoebi SeuniRbavad avtobiografiulia, masSi areklilia mwerlis mier gadatanili piradi tragedia _ mcirewlovani Svilis daRupva.

mwerlis sxva nawarmoebebisgan `sasaflaos“ isic ganasx-vavebs, rom misi sazrisi Sefaruli da Znelad mosaxelTebe-lia. Tumca moTxroba nodar dumbaZisTvis Cveuli sada da gam-Wvirvale stiliT aris dawerili, magram arsebiTi saTqmeli qveteqstSia Catanili, mxolod saxeebis Sinagani, ara gansjis meSveobiT gareganad aqcentirebuli kavSiriT aris miniSnebuli.

mTxrobelis damokidebulebas sikvdilisadmi ramde-nime stadia aqvs. bavSvobaSi igi, bunebrivia, ver acnobi-erebs sikvdils da ar eSinia misi _ bavSvisTvis aTasgvari mcenareulobiT savse sasaflao `samoTxis baRia“, TiTqosda amqveynad sikvdilis gaCenamde SesaZlebeli utkivilo, bedn-ieri arsebobis mSvenieri savanea. am stadias mosdevs sikvdil-iT iseTi SeZrwuneba, sikvdilis iseTi Zlieri da mZulvare-biT gamsWvaluli SiSi, rom mTxrobelisTvis sasaflaosTan _ sikvdilis xorcSesxmasTan yovelgvari Sexeba _ cxadia,

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gansakuTrebiT Svilis daRupvis Semdeg _ gausaZlisi xdeba. bolo stadia wina oris mravalmniSvnelovani sinTezia.

sikvdilisadmi mTxrobelis damokidebulebis drama-tizmi ukidures zRvars aRwevs moTxrobis meore mTavar personaJTan mis urTierTobaSi. am ubiri kacis _ SeiZleba vifiqroT, nekrofilis _ mier qvisgan gakeTebuli sakuTari mkvdari Svilis gamosaxuleba nawarmoebis azrobriv-emoci-uri da xatovani centria. es saxe mwerlis mxatvruli migne-baa, romelic gansakuTrebul STabeWdilebas tovebs Tavisi arqauli siucxoviT, idumalebiT da SemzaraobiT.

Tanamedrove primitivSi TiTqos aRdgeba pirvelyofili adamiani da qvaSi gamoxatavs ganuzomel Zrwolas sikvdilis mimarT. is qmnis sikvdilis boroti RvTaebis, arsebiTad ki sikvdilis demonis kerps, Tavisi emociuri efeqtiT amgvar ar-sebaTa afrikul Tu actekur gansaxierebaTa msgavss, romel-Sic gamJRavnebulia Zveli, primitiuli adamianis mTeli usaS-velo umweoba sikvdilis winaSe. amave dros igi amJRavnebs am adamianis magiur monusxulobas sikvdiliT. ̀ es iyo Zegli, ara, arc Zegli, arc portreti, arc bareliefi, arc goreliefi da arc araferi... brtyel bazaltis qvaze amokveTili adamianis gamosaxuleba, yovelgvari formis, moculobis, perspeqtivis, nakvTis da ZarRvis gareSe. es iyo raRac xelovnebis miRma, aTasi saukunis iqidan mzirali, raRac pirvelyofili qmnile-ba, rasac saxeli ar aqvs... da mainc, me vfiqrob, es iyo kerpi, bunebis gamoucnobi saidumloTi gancvifrebuli pirvelyo-fili adamianis xeliT gamokveTili RvTaeba“.

am kerpis aRqma iseve Trgunavs mTxrobels, rogorc pirve-lyofil adamians Trgunavda sikvdili, magram, rogorc Cans, mogvianebiT igi acnobierebs sikvdilis boroti Zalisadmi pirvelyofili adamianis msgavsad Tavis damonebis Seufere-blobas Tanamedrove kulturuli adamianisTvis. amas sikvdi-lis kerpTan sulierad gamanadgurebeli Sexvedris Semdeg mTxrobels SeaZlebinebs Cveulebrivi cxovrebiseuli mov-lenis sakuTari, aSkarad nevrozuli aRqmis kritikuli Se-faseba _ mas, axlmSeneblobis Semxedvares, aSinebs, did si-

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maRleze momuSave mSenebeli ar daiRupos. es SemTxveva iqceva mTxrobelisTvis imis damnaxveblad, rom adamians aqvs sikvdi-lis saSinelebis momgeriebeli iaraRi _ Sroma, aRmSenebloba, civilizaciis qmna da srulyofa; adamianis sulis gamxevebel, dammonebel sikvdilis Zalas awonasworebs Semoqmedeba, kul-tura; igi civilizebul adamians, gansxvavebiT pirvelyofili adamianisgan, sikvdilisgan ganaSorebs, warmoSobs da avsebs sivrces adamians da sikvdils Soris. cnobili avstrieli mw-erlis herman broxis TqmiT, ,,yvelaferi, rac faseulobebad iwodeba da aseT saxels imsaxurebs, gamiznulia sikvdilis daZlevis da gadalaxvisTvis“.

mTxrobeli gamocdis sikvdilis wnexis mTel simZimes, magram poulobs misgan Tavdaxsnis saSualebas da ibrunebs sikvdilis SiSisgan Tavisuflebas, romelic bavSvobaSi iyo misTvis misawvdomi; sasaflaoc kvlav evlineba `samoTxis ba-Rad“, radgan sikvdilis SemaZrwunebeli, damTrgunveli Zala daZleulia imiT, rom igi srulad aris gancdili da gancdis sisavsiT amowuruli kulturis, kulturuli Rirebulebebis damfasebeli da Semoqmedi adamianis mier. mTxrobelis arse-baSi da TvalTaxedvaSi sikvdilis tkivili, rasakvirvelia, ar qreba, magram es tkivili, misi aRqmiT, gazavdeba adamianTa civilizebuli cxovrebis rTul mTlianobaSi.

sizmrebis ajanyeba

meore msoflio omis veteranis, Zveli stalinelis isto-riaSi, romelsac nodar wuleiskiris moTxroba „barklai de tolis sizmrebi“ gadmogvcems, tragikomikurad gardatyde-ba sabWoTa socialisturi ideis sruli gamofitva uZraobis epoqaSi.

moTxrobaSi komikurad aRibeWdeba am drois tendenciebi _ reJimis Cumi, neli kvdoma, modunebuli socialuri yofa, usulo materializmis moZaleba; karikaturulad ixateba sabWoTa CinovnikTa saxeebi da sazogadoebrivi kibis qveda

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safexurebze mdgomebTan maTi urTierTobis wesi. yovelive es Tavs iyris omis veteranebis mier saocnebod qceuli ubralo produqtis _ taranis didi ZalisxmeviT mopovebis ambavSi, romelic sabWoTa heroizmis da absoluturi socialuri sa-marTlianobis, sayovelTao keTildReobis aRmTqmeli komu-nisturi idealis satiruli gacamtverebaa.

moTxrobis komizms gamoarCevs is, rom igi xaliss, mxiar-ulebas sruliad moklebulia _ mas erTianad msWvalavs mTa-vari personaJis, imedgacruebuli adamianis naRveli.

am adamianisTvis mwvaved mtkivneulia, rom misi siamayis mTavari sagani sazogadoebas aRarafrad uRirs. uZraobis xana omSi miRweuli gamarjvebis da omis monawileebis de-heroizacias axdens, araTu mowiwebiT, aramed ukve agdebula-dac ekideba maT _ awmyos raoba imsgavsebs warsulis raobas, awmyo iseve mdared warmoidgens warsuls, rogoric TviTon aris. da es logikuria, radgan sazogadoebis axlandeli kri-tikuli mdgomareoba swored istoriiT aris determinirebuli.

magram moTxrobis mTavari personaJi ver acnobierebs, rom sazogadoebis degradacia istoriis Sedegia, ver acno-bierebs sakuTar da Tavis TanamoazreTa pasuxismgeblobas am degradaciis gamo. amgvari sibrmave tkiviliT damZimebul kacs komikuri elferis mqone figurad aqcevs.

personaJis empiriul da sulier Tavgadasavals STambeW-davad originalur xasiaTs da iers sZens is, rom sazogadoe-bis ironiul-nihilisturi damokidebuleba heroizebuli sabWoTa istoriis mimarT, romelsac es personaJi cnobierad ewinaaRmdegeba, mis qvecnobierSi SeaRwevs. moTxrobis gmirs sakuTari qvecnobieri samyaro ujanydeba da borotad exum-reba, epataJurad amasxaravebs.

personaJis sizmrebSi misi saomari warsuli gaSarJebulia da imis miRma, rac heroikulad gamoiyureboda, SiSvldeba am kacis ganuyreli Tanamgzavri _ SiSi, Tavisi uSualo ufrose-bis, saerTod reJimis, sikvdilis SiSi; samarcxvinod Tval-saCino xdeba misi karierizmi, pativmoyvareoba, gandidebis wyurvili.

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maxvilgonivruli fantaziiT, Zaldautanebeli da uxvi gamomgoneblobiT SeTxzul sizmrebs agvirgvinebs finaluri sizmari, romelSic personaJi gmirulad ebrZvis gigantur monstrad qceul tarans da ewireba kidec am brZolas; anu emsxverpleba imas, risi groteskuli simboloc tarani-mon-stria _ epoqis uxeS da yovlisSTanmTqmel materializms. moTxrobis damasrulebeli suraTi gansakuTrebuli emoci-ur-xatovani ZaliT gvauwyebs sabWoTa-komunisturi utopi-uri proeqtis tragikomikur beds.

am suraTSi komizms TiTqos tragizmi sWarbobs, magram sabolood mainc komizmi gadawonis _ moTxrobis personaJi sikvdilis drosac ar kargavs sabWour optimizms.

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anuki imnaiSvili

kidev erTxel meoce saukunelTa savaneSi

dramaturgia eposisa da lirikis sinTezia, gansxvavebu-li gvaria sakuTari struqturiTa da xasiaTiT, amitomacaa literaturis geri rom uwodes mwerlebma da umravlesoba gverds uqcevs. Tavis mxriv, dramaturgs gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmeva sWirdeba weris procesSi da mere imdenad esisxlx-orceba dramaturgiis principebs, rom bolomde mis adeptad rCeba. miuxedavad amisa, dramatugiidan romanistikaSi gadas-vla rTuli ar aris, magram avtorisTvis siaxlisTvis xelis SexebasaviTaa, mkiTxvelisTvis ki, sasiamovno siaxle.

roca laSa TabukaSvilis axal wigns aanonsebdnen, sityva `dabrunda/dabruneba~ yurs examuSeboda... erTi ki cxadia, laSa TabukaSvilis SemoqmedebiT pauzebs mkiTxveli miCveu-lia, xolo pirveli romani marTlac momxibvlel siurprizad gaJRerda.

`super-popularuli piesa ̀ darabebs miRma gazafxulia~ _ es gaxldaT fsiqologiuri Trileri drois moTxovnebisa da dramaturgiis kanonebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic kaTar-zisis klasikur energetikas itevda TavisTavSi~, wers ivane amirxanaSvili (`literaturuli gazeTi~, 4-17 ivlisi, 2014 w., gv. 2), laSa TabukaSvilis mxridan, es marTlac iyo eqscen-truli aqti ,gaformebuli 80-ani wlebis axalgazrdobasTan da mTlianad imdroindel publikasTn, Tumca 90-iani wlebis miwuruls rusTavelis akademiuri Teatris scenaze namdvili bombi gaskda _ `mere ra, rom svelia sveli iasamani_ 1998 wlidan moyolebuli ramdenime wels anSlagiT midioda, daxu-ruli CvenebebiT, sagangebod, policiis akademiis student-TaTvisac ki. es marTlac iyo fsiqologiuri Trileri drois moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT da umTavresi, rac am speqtaklma moitana, gaxldaT kaTarzisi _ Teatrs daubrunda mayure-beli da axalgazrda Taoba, romlisTvisac Teatri ucxo iyo, parters miajaWva.

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èrTic gagvicine, guinplen!~ _ visTvisaa gankuTvnili es teqsti? maTTvis, vinc sakuTari TvaliT ixila Zaladobisa da uzneobis is qaosi, XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis miwuruli-dan rom mZvinvarebda saqarTveloSi, Tu maTTvis, vinc es yve-laferi gadmocemiT icis?! anu esaa teqsti _ `gaxsovs?~, `gax-sovdes!~ Tu ùnda icode da ar dagaviwydes...~ es flashback-ia, mwerlis mier warsulSi dabrunebis mcdeloba Tu gzavnili momavalSi? magram laSa TabukaSvilis Semoqmedebas ar axasi-aTebs didaqtika, avtorisTvis miuRebelia `droSi gayinvac~ da gardasul dReTa gauTavebeli qeba. Tumca, misTvis mTa-vari maxasiaTebelia tradiciis erTguleba, Tavisufleba da pasuxismgebloba SemoqmedebaSi. kultis Tayvaniscema aramarto avtoris poziciad iqca, rogorc ivane amirxanaS-vili miuTiTebs, aramed es pozicia l. TabukaSvilis mwer-lur stiladac Camoyalibda. stili, erTi SexedviT, martivi ramaa, arada igi gansazRvravs erT-erT umniSvnelovaness _ gemovnebas. stili aris is, rac iwvevs baZvas, isaa Tavisu-flebis mimniWebelic da erTgvari kompleqsic. `stili speci-fikuri xatovanebaa, gamomxatvelobiTi manera, mwerluri leqsikoni _ yvelaferi es misi (avtoris _ a.i.) sxeulis cx-ovrebiTa da misi warsuliTaa ganpirobebuli, romlebic misi ostatobis avtomatur xerxebad iqcevian. amgvarad `stilis~ saxelwodebiT warmoiqmneba avtonomiuri sityva, romelic CaZirulia avtoris pirad, intimur miTologiaSi, misi same-tyvelo organizmis sferoSi, sadac ibadeba sityvebisa da sagnebis pirvelsawyisi kavSiri, sadac erTxel da samudamod yalibdeba misi arsebobis mTavari verbaluri Temebi. raoden daxvewilic ar unda iyos stili, masSi yovelTvis aris raRac nedli: stili is formaa, romelsac daniSnuleba ar gaaCnia; mas zemodan cnobili Canafiqri Tavisken ki ar eqaCeba, aramed qvevidan agdebs raRac Zala; stili adamianuri azria, Tavisi vertikaluri da gamorCeuli ganzomilebiT. is gvgzavnis ada-mianis biologiur sawyisTan anda mis warsulTan, da ara _ is-toriasTan: is aris mwerlis bunebrivi `materia~, misi simdid-re da misi sapyrobile; stili misi martoobaa. sazogadoebas,

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romlisTvisac stili sruliad umniSvneloa, swored misi sa-SualebiT SeuZlia Wvreta. stili TviTkmari pirovnuli aqtia da ara _ mwerlis arCevanisa da refleqsiis produqti. stili literaturul wes-CveulebaSi kerZo uflebiT sargeblobs, is mwerlis individualuri miTologiis siRrmeebidan amoiz-rdeba da misi pasuxismgeblobebis miRma ifurCqneba~ (rolan barti, `weris nulovani done~, 2012 w., gv.11-12).

dRes, roca dasavluri kulturisa da literaturis super Tanamedrove mimarTulebebze morgebuli araerTi mxatvru-li narativi cdilobs Cvens mwerlur realobaSi daimkvidros adgili, axali enis Seqmnis, brikolaJis teqnikis, delimitire-bis, evropocentristuli koncefciebis modelirebis gziT, laSa TabukaSvili sakuTari mwerluri maneriT da stiliT am niaRvris dabrkolebad mosCans.

laSa TabukaSvilis pirvel romanSi yvelaferi namdvili da cocxalia _ sityvac, ambavic, personaJic... kiTxvis pro-cesi imdenad dinamiuria, amosunTqvas ver aswreb, SeiZeleba xvdebode kidec, rogor ganviTardeba movlenebi momavalSi, magram mainc ver wydebi furclebs, rac ukve iSviaTia Tana-medrove mwerlobaSi. ratom moxda ase?! esec TabukaSvilis stilia _ „SegiTrios“ im „morevSi“, romelsac weris pro-cesSi TviTonve „Cahyva“ , man Seqmna ori tipi personaJisac da siuJetisac, oRond Seqmna Canasaxis doneze, mere ki, orive tipi TavisiT ganviTarda da avtoric Tan „Caiyoles“. ukve aRiniSna, rom teqsti TabukaSviliseuli stiliTaa naqsovi, magram TviT avtori arsad Cans, Tumca, bevri ityvis, 24 wlis beqa iSxneli mwerlis prototipiao, arada, es ukanaskneli ukve calke individia, romelic avtoridan „gamovida“, „gai-qca“ da damoukideblad ganagrZo cxovreba. stilTan dakav-SirebiT rolan barti ki movixmeT da moviSvelieT, magram „avtor[iteti]is sikvdilis“ miseuli Teoria am SemTxvevaSi ver gamogvadgeba, radgan laSa TabukaSvili avtoritetebis da kultis (rogorc kulturis) adeptad rCeba; is arasodes mova winaaRmdegobaSi sakuTar mrwamsTan, misTvis litera-tura versodes dakargavs yvelaze mniSvnelovans _ gul-

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wrfelobasa da simarTles, is verasodes Seqmnis uemocio da usaxo pesronaJebs... amis naTeli dasturia isic, rom misi pirveli romani savsea literaturuli CanarTebiT/citate-biT: bloki, mandelStami, galaktioni, tolstoi, servantesi, TavisTavad, hiugo... am SemTxvevaSic ver mivmarTavT Taname-drove litTeoriul konceptebs, verc decitacias da verc interteqstualobas, miTumetes, postmodernistul Tama-Sebs. maS ra aris es?! isevdaisev kultis Tayvaniscema, mwerlis TaobisTvis literatura erT–erTi dominanti iyo, imdroin-deli biWobis/biWuri stilis aucilebeli piroba _ „inos-trannaia literaturas“ axali nomrebiT videqiT birJaze“ _ ambobs laSa TabukaSvili erT–erT interviuSi.

kiTxvis procesSi mkiTxveli ver akeTebs arCevans _ romeli protagonistis istoriaa ufro saintereso _ 62 wlis qarTveli amerikelisa Tu 24 wlis Tbiliseli idealisti biWis ambavi. pirveli kinos hgavs – holivudur blogbasters, meore _ qalaquri prozis klasikuri nimuSia, Tumca, es saxelovne-bo interteqstualoba ar arRvevs narativis erTarss, imdenad organuladaa nakeTebi, rom mkiTxvels ar abnevs, sivrceebs ar umRvrevs.

lazare iSxnels ar stanjavs emigarciaSi myofTaTvis damaxasiaTebli gancdebi da usamSoblo adamianis sindromi, teqstSi ver SexvdebiT saqarTvelos monatrebiT gamowveul sulis tkivilebis maRalmxatvrul monologebs, piriqiT, la-zare saerTod ar eZebs sakuTar qveyanas, ufro metic, TiTqos mas piradi angarisworeba amoZravebs... Tumca, mkiTxvelma SeiZleba miiCnios samSoblosaTvis sakuTari valis moxdad is, rom lazarem sikvdilis win izruna, StatebSi mudmivmoqmedi qarTuli gamofenisTvis samxatvro galerea daetovebina... lazare iSxnelis mTels epopeaSi ufro sagulisxmo ambebi xdeba _ ra ver apatia man mSoblebs, ratom moixdina hiugos personaJis gansaxiereba, ratom endoba TvaldaxuWuli mis erTaderT qarTvel sisxliT naTesavs, rogor daumegobrda korsikels, rogor uiRblod mTavrdeboda Tavisi siyvaru-lis istoriebi... mkiTxvelisTvis sainteresod sakiTxavi ambe-

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bia, mkvlevarisTvis ki saintereso TviT lazarea, igi TiTqos Tavisi Semqmnels _ avtors ewinaaRmdegeba, moirgos tragi-kuli gmiris „mundiri“, rac gamoixateba emigranti iSxnelis mtkice xasaiTsa da brZolisunarianobaSi. beqa iSxneli ki, erTi SexedviT, advilad dasamorCilebelia, Tumca, ramden-jerme isic „dasuxlta“ xelidan avtors. Tbiliseli iSxne-li didxans naZerwi tipaJia, realuri da Tan irealuri, amav-droulad misi xasiaTi da moqmedeba zedmiwevniT namdvilia, rac zog SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iyos bravada, magram misaRebi da dozirebuli.

qalebi, gogoebi.... rogori gansakuTrebuli sifrTxili-Tac ekideba TviT avtori am sqesis warmomadgenlebs, iseTive TvalSisacemad Tavisufalni da uSiSarni arian. laSa Tabu-kaSvilis qali personaJebi arasodes arian efemerulni, isini arasodes kmayofildebian martivi romantikiT, laSa Tabu-kaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi, qali rCeba mZafri SegrZnebebisa da sxvagvari Rirebulebebisa da normebis matareblad...

sainteresoa baias, leqsos da xalikas ambavi, maTi isto-riis fonze iSleba sxva (aw ukve warsulad qceuli) aTwleu-lis Tbilisis suraTebi... miuxedavad imisa, rom wignis farTo geografiuli areali (korsika, parizi, Tbilisi, alaverdi...) mkiTxvelisTvis saintereso panoramas qmnis, mwerlisTvis mainc sayvarel adgilad Tbilisi rCeba („aRTqmul qveyanad“ ki, liZava). am teqstis mixedviT, Cven miviReT Tbilisis konk-retuli drosivrculi saxe, romelic axali Taobis mkiTxvel-TaTvis lamis paleontologiur movlenadaa qceuli.

kidev erTi ramaa yuradsaRebi _ avtoris damokidebule-ba drois mimarT: „damasaflaveT XX saukuneSi“ _ es fraza laSa TabukaSvilis mTliani Semoqmedebis laitmotivad iqca, Tavis pirvel romanSic igi mkiTxvels kidev erTxel abrunebs gasul saukuneSi da am SemTxvevaSi, mxolod sakuTari TvaliT nanax, erTi romelime konkretuli aTwleulis istoriebs ki ar uyveba, aramed 20–30–aini wlebis axalgazrdebis Tavbru-damxvevi TavgadasavlebiTac xiblavs.

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ramdenad misaRebi iqneba stig larsonis, stefani meieris, stiven kingisa da siuzen kolinzis fonze Cveni Tanamedrove mkiTxvelisTvis qarTveli giumplenis ambebi, romelic sen-timentebisa da romantiulobis swored im dozas moicavs, rac adamianis kacad CamoyalibebisaTvisaa saWiro?! am kiTx-vaze Cemi pasuxi aseTi iqneba: nebismier SemTxvevaSi, biWebi mainc, mas gverds ver auvlian, imitom, rom laSa TabukaSvilma zustad icis biWebis sakiTxavi literaturis raoba, zustad icis, ra ikiTxeba nebismier asakSi gatacebiTa da aRtacebiT... rogorc giorgi lobJaniZem aRniSna: „... gamiCnda survili, romelic sakmaod iSviaTad miCndeba xolme. mominda es romani Cems ToTxmeti wlis biWsac waekiTx. mjera, wigns rom daasru-lebs is cota sxvanairi, kidev ufro ukeTesi adamaini gaxdeba“ (http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/giori lobJaniZe roca guinpleni icinis...18.07.2014).

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miranda tyeSelaSvili

es Cveni istoriaa

(guram gegeSiZe _ 80)

***`... am xnis kaci var da, Cem nawerebze gagebas rom Sevxve-

drodi, iSviaTad Zalian... ki, Zalian iSviaTad vawydebi iseT rames, rom gamigon, xalxma gamigos~...

zemoT motanili nawyveti guram gegeSiZes ekuTvnis, mixo mosuliSvilis masTan interviudan, ufro zustad, ori mwer-lis saubridanaa.

bunebrivia, avtoris aseTi mosazreba ver gagamxnevebs, rodesac misi Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb DAdaapireb raimes daweras, magram, albaT, arc Zalian unda SegeSindes, radgan, bolos-dabolos, mwerlis xelidan gamosuli es teqstebi CvenTan xvdebian, Cveni azrebis, emociebis wyarod iqcevian, mkiTxve-lic iseve esaWiroebaT, rogorc avtori, hoda, Cvenc gveZleva ufleba, maTze imisgan damoukideblad vifiqroT, ramdenad emTxveva Cveni aRqma imas, rac mwerals undoda eTqva.

***guram gegeSiZe gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebis mweralTa

im axalTaobis wevria, romlebmac pirvelebma daarRvies sab-WoTa realizmis stereotipebi, ideologizebuli, koleq-tivis ganuyofel nawilad qceuli adamianis nacvlad, indi-vidis saxe Seqmnes; aRweres yofiTi wvrilmanebi, umniSvnelo detalebi, yvelaferi, rac Seadgens cxovrebas da adamians pirovnebad yofnis saSualebas aZlevs.

mwerlis pirveli romanebis (`codvili~, `stumari~) da mo-Txrobebis gmirebi ufro `Signidan~ Canan, vidre `garedan~, maTi sulieri mdgomareoba bevrad ufro mniSvnelovania, ga-remo mxolod amis aRsawerad aris saWiro, epoqis gavlenac

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naklebad Cans. Sesabamisad, mgonia, rom nebismier adgilas, nebismier dros SeiZleboda maTi arseboba. vrceli Sinagani monologebi warmatebiT gviwevs faqtebis, movlenebis magiv-robas. rogorc avtoris, ise mkiTxvelis yuradReba gmirTa Sinagan samyarozea gadatanili da moqmedebaTa simcire ar igrZnoba.

Semdgomi periodis romanebis, an, ufro sworad, romanebis ciklis SemTxvevaSi, piriqiTaa. aq mTavari garemoa, saqarT-velos istoriis konkretuli epoqa, gmirebic am epoqis dasa-xatad sWirdeba mwerals. marTalia, gamonaklisebis garda, am romanebis personaJebic individebi arian, magram amjerad avtors ainteresebs ara imdenad individis reaqcia ama Tu im faqtze, aramed TviT faqtis arsi da misi zegavlena adamianTa bed-iRbalze.

`stumarsa~ da `codvilSi~ TiTqos yvelaferi bedisweri-Taa aRbeWdili, adamiani mas emorCileba, Semdgom romanebSi ki istoriuli dro qceula bediswerad, ara marto gmirebi itan-jebian am konkretuli viTarebiT, aramed mTeli eri da qvey-ana. ùbeduri eri varT, yvela Cven gvwiwknis da gvawiokebs~, _ cremlmoreuli mRvdlis am aRsarebas beri mkacrad gamow-erili receptiT epasuxeba: `mxolod moTminebaa Cveni xvedri am codvil miwaze.~ arada, beris sityvebi marto nugeSs Tu mohgvrida adamians, Torem qarTuli sinamdvile sisastikesac atarebda Tavis TavSi, SiSsac da eWvsac: vaiTu ise movkvdeT, rom Cveni qveynis Tavisuflebas ver SeveswroTo. ase moTqvam-dnen da Castirodnen guls Taobebi. vrceli tirada, romelic nestor vardaniZis tragikuli patriotizmis Cvenebas isaxavs miznad, TiTqos realisti mxatvris mier funjis martivi mos-miT, magram ara zereled, aramed saqmis Rrma codniT Seqmnil panoramul naxats, hgavs. masSi imdenad Zlieri tkivili da su-lieri tramva Cans, rom sunTqva gekvris. es TiTqos ubralo naxati Cveni odesRac dazepirebuli teqstia banalur WeSmar-itebaze, rom saqarTvelos bedniereba ar uweria, is TiTqos viRacam moipara da problemebi mxolod icvleba, istoria ki mudam meordeba.

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`yvelaze ufro damTrgunveli iyo eWvi imisa, rom odesme Tavisi samSoblos Tavisuflebas moeswreboda. ruseTSi ori mefe gamoicvala, magram am ambavs araviTari SeRavaTi ar mohyolia. isev sastikad idevneboda qarTuli ena, saqarT-velos eklesias isev ruseTidan movlenili egzarqosi mar-Tavda, romelic wyevlida Tavis sawmysos. Tu vinme samSob-los gamoqomagebas daapirebda, sastikad isjeboda, TviTon qarTvelobac gaTiSuliyo, ar iyo erToba, ar iyo mizani. axal Taobas qveynis momavali sxvanairad esaxeboda, zogs guli gatexoda, zogi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis oromtrials minebeboda,zogisTvis ki TviTon eri ganyenebul cnebas war-moadgenda da bednierebas mxolod nivTier TnasworobaSi xedavda. ubedureba is iyo, rom araferi icvleboda, ZvelisZ-veli tkivilebi da amocanebi isev mouSuSebeli da gadauWreli rCeboda. batoni nestori dRiTidRe ufro mwvaved grZnobda, rogor qrebodnen da imsxvreodnen siyrmisdroindeli oc-nebebi da axla, evropidan dabrunebuls, sul ar etyoboda sixaruli, romelsac kaci samSoblos xilvaze ganicdis~.

***saojaxo sagad wodebuli literaturuli beletristika

saTaves iRebs Zveli skandinaviuri Tqmulebebidan, romlebic vikingebis mogzaurobaTa istoriebis, skandinaviis xalxebis islandiaSi migraciis, maT mier gadatanili omebisa da zoga-dad maTi ojaxebis yoveldRiuri yofis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs. saga, rogorc wesi, erTi ojaxis an urTierTdakavSirebuli ojaxebis ramdenime Taobis istorias asaxavs da personaJTa mravalricxovnobiT xasiaTdeba.

romanis es saxeoba kargi saSualebaa konkretuli istori-uli movlenebis, cvlilebebis, socialuri garemoebebis aR-sawerad. tipiuri saojaxo sagebi ramdenime Taobis meSveobiT gadmogvcems qveynis, epoqis istorias.

ìseTi realisturi elementebi, rogorebicaa istoriis gaazreba, erovnebis gaazreba, socialuri urTierTobebis da

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gardaqmnebisadmi ideologiuri rwmena, individualizacia da TanagrZnobis momxibvleloba, mkiTxvelisaTvis saojaxo ro-manis mTavari maxasiaTeblebia~ (ii-ling ru).

***romanebis am cikliT guram gegeSiZem literaturuli sao-

jaxo saga Seqmna. ar vici, ramdenad hqonda Cafiqrebuli es mw-erals Tavidanve, magram pirveli wignis, _ `xma mRaRadebli-sa~ _ dasasruls Tavisi gmirebi iseTi saSiSi epoqis mijnaze datova, vfiqrob, udavod gauCndeboda am sisxlian droebaSi gadayolis, maTi bediswerisTvis Tvalis gadevnebis survili, rasac, vfiqrob, realurma epoqamac Seuwyo xeli.

miuxedavad imisa, rom `xma mRaRadeblisa~ Tavisi drois-aTvis sakmaod Tamami romania (daTariRebulia 1979-iT, daibe-Wda 1981 wels), imis dawera, yovel SemTxvevaSi, gamoqveyneba, rasac momdevno wignebSi (`sisxlis wvimebi~, `nacris koSki~, `9 marti~, `naTlisqroba~) gviyveba mwerali-mematiane, komunis-tur epoqaSi SeuZlebeli iqneboda. swored amitom, momdevno wignebi ukve 1990-iani, 2000-iani wlebiT TariRdeba.

1990-ian wlebSi gamoqveynebuli `sisxlis wvimebi~ da `na-cris koSki~ qarTuli mwerlobis im pirvel nimuSebs war-moadgenen, romlebSic Riad, daufaravad, cenzoris modara-je Tvalis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe aris aRwerili `sabWoTa saqarTvelos~ yofa. maTSi pirdapir, Seulamazeblad da Se-uniRbavad, SeiZleba iTqvas, XX saukunis qarTuli mwerlo-bisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mxatvruli xerxebis gareSea war-modgenili `SiSveli simarTle~, rac metaforebSi dafaruli azris, teqstis Sida Sreebis amocnobas SeCveuli da Tavisi inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis gamovleniT kmayofili qarTveli mkiTxvelisaTvis Tavdapirvelad Semacbunebelic ki unda yofiliyo. mkiTxvelze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, Cveni literaturaTmcodneobis erT-erTi sazrunavic xom gmire-bisa da geografiul saxelebSi dafarul miniSnebebis, pro-tagonistebis Zieba da imis garkvevaa, ramdenad moaxerxa (Tu saerTod moaxerxa) literaturaSi SeRweva istoriulma re-

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alobam, rogor aRwera is mwerlobam, ra Tqma unda, metafo-ruli eniT.

am mxriv, guram gegeSiZis erTi ciklis pirveli (`xma mRa-Radeblisa~) da danarCeni romanebis gansxvaveba TvalSisa-cemia. momdevno wignebi ubralod mogviTxrobs gagonils, wakiTxuls Tu nanaxs, naklebad igrZnoba monaTxrobis ora-zrovnebis saburvelSi gaxvevis mcdeloba. es ubralod aRar sWirdeba mwerals da aRarc mkiTxvels aiZulebs gonebis zed-metad daZabvas, mas, ubralod, acnobs im istoriul realo-bas, romlis Sesaxeb bevr maTgans aqamde yurmokvriT Tu smenoda.

gansakuTrebiT exeba es ciklis meore wigns, `sisxlis wvi-mebs~, romelic XX saukunis 20-ian wlebze, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos respublikis gauqmebasa da 1924 wlis ajanye-bis Semdgomdroindel represiebze mogviTxrobs. epoqaze, romlis Sesaxebac qarTvelTa Taobebma araferi icodnen, es ramdenime weliwadi ubralod amogdebuli iyo saqarTvelos istoriidan da mis Sesaxeb uaryofiTsac ki arafers aswavlid-nen skolebsa da umaRles saswavleblebSi.

erTaderTi legaluri, ara akrZaluli mxatvruli nawar-moebi, romelic, marTalia, sabWoTa ideologiis msoflmxed-velobrivi poziciebidan, magram mainc aRwers am periods, aris aleqsandre quTaTelis `pirispir~, sakmaod vrceli epo-pea, romelic udavod kargad nacnobi teqstia mweral guram gegeSiZisTvis da, albaT, Zalian ar Sevcdebi, Tu vityvi, erT-erTi, sakmaod mniSvnelovani STagonebis wyaroc.

***1981 wels dabeWdil `xma mRaRadeblisa~-s, rogorc yvela

wigns sabWoTa epoqaSi, marcxena satitulo gverdze sul ram-denimestriqoniani sagamomcemlo wardgineba uZRvis, romel-Sic vkiTxulobT: `romanis centrSia is mZime, ZnelbediTi gza, romlis meSveobiTac gaimarjva didi oqtombris revoluci-am~. cru sabWoTa ideologiis qrestomaTiuli stilis sruli dacviT dawerili es wardgineba erTgvari `lokomotivi~ unda yofiliyo misgan sruliad gansxvavebuli, im droisaTvis Za-

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lian gabeduli wignisa. Tumca, gabedulebasac aqvs sazRvari da sabWoTa droSi ciklic iq Sewyda.

1990-an wlebSi kidev ori wigni gamovida: `sisxlis wvimebi da `nacris koSki~ (saJurnalo variantSi `nacris qeqva~), XXI saukuneSi ki `9 martisa~ da `naTlisqrobis~ saJurnalo vari-antebi gamoqveynda.

TiToeuli wignis bolo fraza aris garkveuli mijna, erTi teqstis dasasruli da imavdroulad, momdevnos mokle anotacia:

`xma mRaRadeblisa~ _ `wiflnarSi bolSevikebi Semovidnen~;`sisxlis wvimebi~ _ `wuxel omi daiwyo~;`nacris koSki~ _ `stalini mokvda~.am ukanasknelis logikuri gagrZelebaa `9 marti~. sabWoTa

saqarTvelos ufro gviandel, XX saukunis 50-60-iani wlebis axalTaobis inteligencias da disidenturi moZraobis dasaw-yiss exeba `naTlisqroba~, romelic arcTu ise didi xnis win gamoqveynda.

yvela axali wignis saTauri teqstSi Cadebuli mTavari azris interpretaciis gasaRebadaa qceuli. dadebiT gmirTa saqcieli TiTqos erTgvari swavlebaa iseve, rogorc erTaw-mindeli mRvdlis darigeba glaxunasadmi: àWame mSierT da asvi mwyurvalT, Seiwynare ucxoni, moikiTxe sneulni, gan-marTe dabrkolebulni, nugeSi eci mwuxareT da RmerTi Segi-wynarebs~, `magram es keTili sityvebi misi iyo, viTa xma mRa-Radeblisa udabnosa Sina~. da kiTxvebi, _ ratom aris yvela swavleba amao, ramdenad hgavs yofa udabnos da sulis Zaxili _ mRaRadeblis xmas, aravin rom ar usmens, _ gegeSiZis gmire-bis cxovrebaSi Rrmad Caxedvis Semdegac ritorikulad rCeba, arsebul kanonzomier mocemulobad.

***istoriis, kacobriobis ganvlili cxovrebis codna mo-

mavlis gaazrebis aucilebeli piroba rom aris, amis Sesaxeb TiTqmis yvela msoflio donis moazrovne Tanxmdeba, CvenTvis amis dasturad ilia WavWavaZis mosazrebac kmara. albaT, es

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da sxva, ufro metic, gansazRvravs qarTuli mwerlobisaTvis aseT axlobel istoriul Tematikas, gmirebis moqmedebisa da mTavari saTqmelis istoriul konteqstSi gaazrebas. iqneb, es patara erisTvis damaxasiaTebeli TviTgadarCenisa Tu TviTgamorkvevis mZafri surviliT STagonebuli procesia, CaWideba imaze, rac SeiZleba daikargos, gaqres da veravin gai-gos, vin viyaviT guSin, veravin daijeros is, rac gvinda viyoT momavalSi; garda imisa, rom uciloblad mimdinareobs raRac yofilisa da odesRac Zvirfasis desakralizacia, moqmedebs Senaxvis kanonic, rac nel-nela ileqeba eris mexsierebasa da gancdaSi. istoriul droSi mimdinare es procesi modis Cve-namde da Zalze mgrZnobiarea Tundac imitom, rom masSi devs is, rasac efuZneba Cveni identobis, patriotizmis, raobis, ka-cur-kacobisa Tu yovelgvari adamianuri Rirseba-uRirsobis sakiTxi. sad moirya es safuZveli, saiTken miimarTa, ramdenad sworad midis, sad varT axla, varT Tu ara iq, sadac gvindoda, Tu gza dagvebna da isev Zveli Zafi unda amovzidoT da moviS-velioT, rom gavasworoT momavlisken savali!.. _ es kiTxvebi awvalebs mwerals da surs qarTvelobis arsisa da yofierebis ganzogadeba im istoriul sivrceSi moaxdinos, romelic Cveni eris cxovrebas moicavs ukanaskneli ori saukunis manZilze. faqtiurad, am epoqaSi Camoyalibda qarTvelis is eTnotipi, romelic dRes Tavisi RirebulebaTa sistemiT, momavlis ori-entiriT dgas imaze, rac am droSi SeiZina an dakarga. yovel SemTxvevaSi, mis TaviseburebaTa kvleva am periodSi ufro advili da xelSesaxebia, vidre wina saukuneebSi; kacobrio-bisTvis am mokle istoriul monakveTSi ufro advili gasaaz-rebelia sulieri krizisidan gamosavali gzis Zieba, Secnoba imisa, ra wmindad qarTul Tvisebebs kargavs qarTveloba da ras iZens msoflio kulturaTa didi daaxloebis procesSi.

guram gegeSiZis istoriuli romanebi am Ziebas emsaxureba da maTSi qarTvelebis cxovreba wakiTxulia im winaaRmdego-brivi movlenebis fonze, rac zogadad axasiaTebs istoriuli process, mis cvalebad bunebas.

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***ar vici, saqarTvelos istoriis romel epoqaze apirebs Se-

Cerebas avtori, radgan TiToeul wignSi warmoCenilia Cveni qveynis, sazogadoebis lamis maradisobaSi gadasuli prob-lemebi, romelTac dasasruli ar uCanT da mwerals, romel-sac mematianis movaleoba ukisria, gauWirdeba sadme werti-lis dasma. Tumca, pirveli wignis dasawyisi Zalze zustad aqvs SerCeuli: batonymobis gauqmebis Semdgomi periodi saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi-foTis rkinigzis mSenebloba, axali socialuri urTierTobebi da maT fonze arsebuli erovnuli problemebi.

momavalis erTgvari simboloa axalgayvanili rkinigza, romelmac bevri ram gansazRvra mTlianad saqarTvelos da mis calkeul SvilTa bed-iRbalSi, im adamianebis yofaSi, romlebic aqamde Caketilebi cxovrobdnen da TavianTi sof-lis iqiT iSviaTad enaxaT rame. rkinigza, romelic erT-erTi mTavari `gmiria~ gegeSiZis romanebis ciklSi, moZraobis sim-bolod qceula, romelic yvelas da yvelafers gadaaadgi-lebs, calkeuli adamianebiT dawyebuli, mTeli socialuri fenebiT gaTavebuli. `Zvelad saqarTveloSi, sanam rkinigzas gaiyvandnen, xalxi iSviaTad mogzaurobda~. ase ubralod iwye-ba `xma mRaRadeblisa~ da es pirveli winadadeba romanis mTel arss gadmogvcems, saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebis axali didi Tavgadasavlis dasawyiss gvamcnobs, erTi soflis, wiflnaris mcxovrebTa magaliTze. ganaTlebis miRebis mizniT, mSob-liur saxls tovebs TavadiSvili nestor vardaniZe; mTeli qveynierebis Semovlis surviliT avaddeba Tavdapirvelad mSoblebis kalTidan ZaliT aclili da nestoris mxleblad gamwesebuli glexis biWi beglar niguriani; wiflnaridan sa-Sovarze foTs miemgzavreba Zal-RoniT savse, darbaiseli simona niguriani, aseve, oriode groSis Sovnis surviliT, saqarTvelos misTvis aqamde sruliad ucxo mxareebSi dax-etialobs Tavqariani da avyia glaxuna undilaZe; baTumisken, axali cxovrebisken iswrafvis mixako niguriani, revolu-ciuri brZolis gamo tovebs sasuliero seminarias da ucxo

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mxareSi miemarTeba iase niguriani; romantikuli Seyvarebuli konstantinec, romelic mxolod imaze ocnebobs, sofelSi sakuTari qoxi gaiCinos, sadac Tavis pasikosTan erTad icx-ov-rebs, iZulebuli xdeba gaemgzavros, raTa ocnebis ganx-orcielebisaTvis aucilebeli materialuri mxare uzrunve-lyos; uSiSari aviatori vene niguriani dedamiwaze xetials ar sjerdeba, caSi afrenaze ocnebobs, sabolood survilsac isrulebs da kidec ewireba mas.

wiflnarelebi ara mxolod soflidan qalaqSi, qveyni-dan qveyanaSi, aramed erTi cxovrebidan sxva, axal cxovre-baSi, maTTvis TiTqosda winaswar gansazRvruli da dawerili bedisweridan, _ rac, umetes SemTxvevaSi, glexkacis mSvidi, Tumca mZime SromiT aRbeWdili xvedri unda yofiliyo, wli-dan wlamde miwasTan Widili, sarCos mosawevad, _ axali uxi-lavi, xSirad saSiSi bediswerisaken iswrafvian.

romanebis ciklSi gadmocemulia saqarTvelos TiTqmis orsaukunovani istoria erTi soflis mcxovrebTa, am sofli-dan wamosulTa da mTel dedamiwaze gafantulTa fonze. `xma mRaRadeblisas~ yvela gmiri wiflnarelia, `sisxlis wvimebSi~ gmirebis raodenoba izrdeba, Tbilisi didi qalaqia da aqau-rebi ematebian, Tumca yvela maTgani pirdapir Tu iribad wi-flnarTan aris dakavSirebuli.

moqmed pirTa ZiriTadi RerZi am soflis sam ojaxi, soflis Tavadebi _ vardaniZeebs, glexebi _ nigurianebi da undilaZeebi arian.

istoriuli ciklis am romanebidan vercerTSi xerxdeba personaJebis siuxvidan erTi an ramdenime mTavari gmiris, an mTavari siuJeturi xazis gamoyofa, uamravi ambavi, uam-ravi adamianis Tavgadasavali Caivlis Cven Tvalwin. epoqis suraTi mozaikasaviT swored ambebisagan iwyoba, romelic calkeul novelebadac SeiZleba CaiTvalos. aseTebi bevria: nestor vardaniZis evropul Tavgadasavlebze rom araferi vTqvaT, goliaTi simona nigurianis TurqebTan omSi wasvla, Tandilasa da `TaTris qalis~ Tavgadasavali, Tavadis asu-lis, caca ciciSvilis tragikuli ambavi, romelic sakuTari

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damoukideblobisa da sxvaTagan gamorCeulobisaken mis-wrafebis msxverpli gaxda; aranakleb tragikuli istoria glexi ambako undilaZisgan gaCenili cacas mxolodSobili vaJis, ramazisa, jer wiflnarSi, Semdeg ki dedaqalaqSi kidev ufro didi, warmoudgeneli damcirebisa da abuCad agdebis msxverpli rom xdeba, ris gamoc jer qurdbacacobas mihyofs xels, Semdeg kacic Semoakvdeba. misi ambavi `xma mRaRadeb-lisaSi~ rom damTavrebuliyo, borot da daundobel arsebad darCeboda mkiTxvelisaTvis, miT ufro, rom undilaZeebis, umaduri, sikeTedaunaxavi xalxis jiSisa iyo, da garegnulad dedis, caca ciciSvilisa araferi ecxoo, amasc gveubneba mw-erali, mamamac imitom SeiZula, sayvarel qals rom arafriT agonebdao. magram sabolood, ̀ nacris koSkSi~ erTi gamorCeu-lad keTili da axloblebis dasaxmareblad mudam mzadyofi kaci SegvrCeba xelT. auRelveblad verc aWareli biWis, alia SaraSiZis istorias gavecnobiT, baTumSi saSovarze Casulma sicocxle saxrCobelaze rom daasrula da ilia WavWavaZis gamorCeuli prozauli Sedevris, `sarCobelazed~ gmiris tragikuli bedi gaiziara.

raki ilia vaxsene, oriode sityva unda vTqva nestor vard-aniZis, wiflnaris Tavadis, yaflanis ufrosi vaJis, da XIX sau-kunis 60-ianelTa tipuri warmomadgenlis Sesaxebac, romlis pirovnebaSic ramdenime istoriuli saxe erTiandeba, yvelaze ufro ilia WavWavaZisa da niko nikolaZis (ucxoeTSi swavlisa da xangrZlivi mogzaurobis Semdeg wiflnarSi sakuTar mamul-Si dabrunebulma nestorma belgiur yaidaze moawyo tye-baRi, saqarTvelosTvis ucxo kulturuli mcenareebi gaaSena, xSir-ad Cadioda quTaisSi, baTumsa da TbilisSi, Tavad-aznaurTa krebebs eswreboda, bankis saqmeebSi monawileobda, erovnul Jurnal-gazeTebTan TanamSromlobda. wodebaTa Serigebis, saerTo niadagis Teorias iziarebda da bolos, is avazakebma mokles, etlSi, sakuTari mamulisken mimavali, sikvdilis gan-aCeni ki revolucionerebma gamoutanes, rogorc proletari-atis mters da sisxlismwovel memamules). damoukideblo-bisa da Tavisuflebis idea gansxvavebulad esmiT liberal

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nestorsa da revolucionerebs. es uTanxmoeba TvalsaCinod aisaxeba nestorisa da social-demokratTa sagazeTo pole-mikaSi, aseve mis zepir diskusiaSi revolucioner iasesTan, romelic 1905-1907 wlebis revoluciis Semdgom, reaqciis pe-riodSi iZulebulia nestoris mamulSi eZebos TavSesafari, Tumca ki mTeli arsebiT sZags am mamulis patroni.

`_ nestor vardaniZisTana memamuleebi erTa ganTavisu-flebas qadageben, maSin, rodesac mSromeli kacis gan-Tavisuflebaa saWiro~. ase auxsna ivanem, kidev erTma revo-lucionerma mixakos, iases ufros Zmas, am siZulvilis arsi, `magram mixako mainc ver mixvda, ratom unda yofiliyvnen sa-SiSni muSa xalxisaTvis nestorisTana kacebi. ver gaigo mixa-kom, radgan nestoris ojaxis pativiscema siyrmidanve hqonda STanergili~.

cal-calke novelebad vecnobiT nigurianebis _ jer ufrosi Taobis Zmebis _ gogielas, sabas da oqropiras, Semdeg maTi vaJebis _ simonas da beglaris (sabas ojaxi ar hyolia) da bolos, simonas xuTi vaJis cxovrebas: sayvareli qalis Zalad gaTxovebis gamo dardisgan WleqiT gardacvlil konstan-tines, mdidari biZis, beglaris mier naSvileb, mSobliur keras mowyvetil papunas, mRvdlobaze meocnebe yofil seminarist, SemdgomSi revolucioner iases, romelic pirveli romanis dasasruls wiTelarmielebTan erTad Semodis sofelSi, meo-re wignSi didi Tanamdebobis pirad gvevlineba dedaqalaqSi, mesameSi ki represiebis msxverpli xdeba; erT-erT pirvel qarTvel aviators, venes, romelic Tavisi qveynis cxovre-basa da momavalze Zalian mniSvnelovani wignis daweraze oc-nebobs. dawera kidec, `...ucnauri wigni, Tavisufali yovel-gvari winaswari Canafiqrisgan, sadac codna, gamocdileba, fiqri, mixvedra, fantazia erTmaneTs erwymoda da erTgvar silaRes sZenda wigns, romelic venes cxovrebaSi TandaTan iZenda mniSvnelobas da venec sul ufro meti gatacebiT mi-iltvoda misken~. magram venes cxovreba mis TviTmfrinavTan erTad daimsxvra da masTan erTad ganadgurda wignic, romel-sac, omis qartexilebSi dakargvis SiSiT, mudam Tan atarebda.

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misi wakiTxva, avtoris garda, mxolod erTma adamianma SeZlo, venes ufrosma megobarma, aviaciaSi gzis gamkvalavma Tornike abaSiZem da aRtacebuli darCa. rogorc yvela naqebi da wa-sakiTxad vermoxelTebuli wigni, `xma mRaRadeblisas~ mkiTx-vels cxovel interess aRuZravs da ukmarisobis grZnobas uCens misTvis samudamod, dakrguli, es teqstic.

mwerlis gansakuTrebuli simpaTiis sagani simonas uf-rosi vaJi, mixako niguriania, yvelaze dawvrilebiTac mis beds gvacnobs. mixako arc ideebisTvis Tavgadakluli ka-cia iasesaviT, arc vene nigurianis msgavsad mizandasaxuli da am miznisken mtkiced mavali, arc konstantinesaviT ro-mantikosi, magram is yvelaze zogadi saxea qarTveli kacisa, _ mSromelicaa da moqeifec, samSobloc uyvars da ojaxic, swored mixakosnair adamianebze dgas qveyana. `mixakos bune-baSi aris raRac, ucnaurad sicocxlisunariani da aucile-blobasTan TanxmobaSi myofi. erovnuli idea masSia ganivTe-buli zomiereba, Tvistomis siyvaruli da sibrZne sakuTari fesvebis erTgulebisa bedisweris Tanxmobas imsaxurebs da igi rCeba cxovrebis asparezs~ (m. kvaWantiraZe) swored am keTilSobilebis, imavdroulad zomierebis gamo gadarCa, gauZlo saocar qartexilebs, romlebsac jer kidev `xma mRa-Radeblisas~, Semdeg ki `sisxlis wvimebisa~ da `nacris koSkis~ uamravi personaJi Seewira. amitom SemTxveviTi sulac araa, rom arsebobs, samive wignSi cocxalia, simonas Svidi vaJidan mxolod mis STamomavlobas vxedavT.

sagulisxmoa, rom `nacris koSkis~, `9 martisa~ da `naT-lisqrobis~ erT-erTi centraluri personaJi, mixakos uf-rosi da usayvarlesi SviliSvili, misi gvaris gamgrZelebe-li ki ar aris (arada, aseTebic rom hyavs, epopeaSi gakvriT aris naxsenebi), aramed giorgi undilaZea, romlis ZarRvebSi nigurianebis sisxlTan erTad, glaxuna, ambako da titiko un-dilaZeebis sisxlic Cqefs, rac TiTqos kargs arafers unda aZlevdes memkvidreobiT.

Tumca, samarTlianoba moiTxovs aRiniSnos, rom miuxe-davad am ori gvaris wina Taobebs Soris radikaluri gansx-

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vavebisa, aris raRac, rac wiflnarel glexobas aerTianebs: samxreT saqarTveloSi moxvedril glaxuna undilaZes zosime beri erT sofelSi miiyvans, es qarTuli sofelia, aq ereklem TaTrebi daamarcxao, uxsnis; `_ erekle vin aris, Seni Wir-ime?~, interess moklebuli ganurCevlobiT ekiTxeba glaxuna. arc mixakos sacolis dasaniSnad samegreloSi Casuli nigu-rianebi interesdebian noqalaqevis istoriiT, romlis moyo-lasac maspinZeli cdilobs maTTvis, zedac ar Sexedaven, ise Cauvlian. magram nigurianebisa da undilaZeebis saerTo STa-momavali giorgi, Tavisi qveynis istorias zedmiwevniT ic-nobs, warsulis gmirebi uyvars, samSoblos buneba aRelvebs. jer kidev sul patara biWobaSi, matarebliT mSobliuri sof-lisken mimavali, yoveli kuTxis, yoveli daba-qalaqis gavli-sas matareblis fanjridan gascqeris sanaxebs da gunebaSi ama Tu im adgilas momxdar istoriul ambebs da gmirebs ixsenebs.

ìs iyo metismetad Cumi biWi, arc undilaZeebs hgavda da arc vardaniZeebs~, gveubneba avtori giorgis Sesaxeb.

giorgi undilaZe guram gegeSiZis Tanatolia, misi Tana-medrove, giorgis cxovrebiseuli detalebic ki mwerlis bi-ogrfiuli faqtebis Semcvelia (Tunda,c mTisa da alpinizmis siyvaruli), `9 martsa~ da `naTlisqrobaSi~ giorgisa da misi megobrebis cxovrebis Txrobisas, uSualod mwerlisa da misi Taobis axalgazrdobis cxovrebaa gadmocemuli.

saintereso saxea giorgis mama, SamSe undilaZe, romelic gaorebuli kacia, erTi mxriv mtkiced swams sabWoTa xelisu-flebis, `naTeli~ momavlis, _ rom ara es axali xelisufleba, glaxuna undilaZis STamomavals eqimobas, miT ufro docen-tobas vin aRirsebda, _ meore mxriv, Sinagani patiosneba ar aZlevs nebas, qveynad gamefebuli fantastiuri usamrTloba ar SeamCnios.

***istoriuli epoqis damajerebeli suraTebis Sesaqmnelad,

mwerali arcTu iSviaTad iyenebs xalxSi moarul ambebs, romelTa utyuaroba arafriT dasturdeba, Tumca Taobebs

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gadaecema. `xma mRaRadeblisa~-Si amis magaliTi nestorisa da axalgazrda qarTveli geologis dialogia. nestori Tx-ovs, arsad gaamxilos mis mamulSi feradi liTonis aRmoCenis ambavi. gakvirvebuli geologis kiTxvaze, ratom ar unda imis gamxela, rac Semosavals moutans, is pasuxobs:

`_ imitom Cemo kargo, rom jobia Cveni simdidre Cven xalxs SevunaxoT. ucxoeTSi gazidaven Cven qonebas da davrCebiT mSralze... ukeTes dros davucadoT, Cemo megobaro, momaval Taobebs davutovoT Cveni simdidre, dae, imaT isargeblon da moaxmaron sakuTar mamuls~...

araerTxel gvsmenia am ambis sxvadasxva varianti, Wia-Tureli da saCxereli Tavadebis, maT Soris akaki wereTlis monawileobiT.

`sislis wvimebsa~ da gansakuTrebiT `nacris koSkSi~ ufro anegdoturi siuJetebi vgamoiyeneba, romlebic sabWoTa si-namdvileSi uxvad vrceldeboda da autanel yofas erTgvar-ad umsubuqebda moqalaqeebs.

***`xma mRaRadeblisas~ msgavsad, momdevno wignebic sxva-

dasxva adamianebis Tavgadasavlebisagan Sedgeba, romelTagan zogi ufro vrclad, zogierTi ki mcire, CarTuli epizodis saxiTaa moTxrobili. Tumca, gansxvavebac xelSesaxebia. Tu pirveli romanis calkeuli personaJebis Tavgadasavlebi novelebiviT Semodis mkiTxvelis cnobirebaSi da ase cal-calke gvamaxsovrdeba, `sisxlis wvimebisa~ da `nacris koS-kis~ wakiTxvis Semdeg yvelaferi erT zogad STabeWdilebad erTiandeba. is, rac papunas, biZinas, SamSes, batoni sikos, albertis da sxvaTa cxovrebas marTavs, aris cxoveluri SiSi fexdafex adevnebuli saxelmwifo sadamsjelo manqanis mimarT. es SiSi gadmodis mkiTxvelzec da iseTi xelSesaxebi xdeba, rogorc giorgi leoniZis leqsSi `me vkiTxulobdi qar-Tlis cxovrebas~: `gamovvardebi, xar Tu aRara/ kidev gaismis quCebSi Cexa?/ vxedav Sens saxlebs, vxedav Sens abrebs/ da mix-aria rom isev dgexar!~

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istoriuli epoqis Sesaxeb Seqmnil literaturul nawar-moebs, Cemi azriT, sxva arc araferi moeTxoveba, Tuki mkiTx-vels amdenad zustad, realurad SeagrZnobinebs droebas, romlis aRwerac gadauwyvetia.

es patara statia rogorc daviwye, iseve minda davamTavro,

guram gegeSiZis sityvebiT, amjerad sxva interviudan: `_ yvela Taobas gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi da Sexed-

ulebebi aqvs cxovrebaze... erTi Taobis adamianebic SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvamdnen cxovrebas, mTavari ki is aris, rom adamiani Tavis ers da qveyanas unda emsaxuros...~

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Tamila daviTaZe

groteski da ironia frederik begbederis SemoqmedebaSi

(„99 franki“ _ romani–protesti Tu begbederis aRsareba?)

ukanaskneli ocwleulis Tanamedrove frangul romanSi ramdenime zogadi tendencia gamoikveTa, maT Soris: realobis warmodgena misi sruli sirTuliT da interesi adamianis da misi yofierebis mimarT. XX saukunis 50–ian wlebTan Sedare-biT romanma realur samyarosTan kavSiri daibruna. mweralTa axali TaobisTvis adamiani, Tavisi individualuri, ojaxuri, socialuri da istoriuli realobiT, isev interesis sagani gaxda.

Tanamedrove mwerals yovelTvis gamoarCev gansxvavebu-li weris stiliT, azrebis Tavisuflad gadmocemis unariTa da gulwrfelobiT. swored „gulwrfel mweralTa“ ricxvs SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT Cveni drois erT–erTi popularu-li da inteleqtuali frangi mwerali frederik begbederi, romlis Semoqmedeba aTamde romans, eseebs, novelebsa Tu komiqsebs aerTianebs da provokaciuli, meamboxe mwerlis saxels umkvidrebs mas. begbederis romanTa ZiriTadi Teme-bia: Tanamedrove evropa, adamianis martooba, cxovrebis ab-surduloba, kulturis komercializacia, seqsi, xolo mizani _ axlandeli sazogadoebis naklis Cveneba. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nebismieri misi nawarmoebi erTgvari romani-protestia, wuwuraqi oligarqebisa da gabatonebuli wes-Cveulebebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli, ris fonzec naCvenebia adamianis sam-wuxaro ususuroba. avtori yovelTvis kargad grZnobs sa-zogadoebis ganwyobas da imas, Tu ra iqneba sazogadoebisTvis aqtualuri, raze unda esaubros mas. begbederis literatu-ruli nimuSebi epoqis gamoZaxilia da Tanamedrove cxovrebi-seul problemebs exeba, misi gmirebi Tanamedrove adamianebi

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arian, TavianTi individualuri yoveldRiuri cxovrebiT, Tumca isini, amavdroulad, dRevandeli adamianis zogadad saxes warmoadgenen.

begbederis romanTa dekadenturi ganwyoba Tanamedrove samyaroSi sekularizmiT da komercializaciiTaa ganpirobe-buli. romanebi TvalSisacemad uxvadaa gajerebuli seq-sualuri da uxamsi epizodebiT. mainc rogoria is realoba, romelsac igi Tavis romanebSi aRwers? ratom gvxdeba masTan ase moWarbebulad groteski, cinizmi da ironia, an ra gana-pirobebs mis kritikul ganwyobasa da damokidebulebas sa-zogadoebisadmi „alternativa ar aqvs“ (begbederi 2012:194). swored am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas isaxavs miznad Cveni aq warmodgenili werili begbederis romanis „99 frankis“ Ses-axeb.

Temis aqtualobas begbederis Semoqmedebis Tematika da misadmi mkiTxveli sazogadoebis gamorCeuli interesi da damokidebuleba ganapirobebs, romlis mixedviTac mwerlis yoveli mxatvruli nawarmoebi XXI saukunis anareklia, am sau-kunisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gancdebiT da arsebuli realo-biT, romelic mwerlisve mravalferovani da skandaluri cx-ovrebis amsaxvel detalebs Seicavs.

frederik begbederi qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis „99 frankiT“ gaxda cnobili. am romanma, romelic avtofiqciis nimuSs warmoadgens, mkiTxveli upirvelesad „enis Tavisu-flebiT“ da pirdapirobiT miizida, rac arsebuli obieqtu-ri realobis warmoCenis avtoriseul araordinalur mane-rasa da esTetikurobaze migviTiTebs. maxvili ena, moqnili frazeologia, realobasTan Sezavebuli provokacia da mou-lodneloba _ ai, is niSnebi, romelic begbederis am romans axasiaTebs. TviT avtori ki _ yvelgan ironiuli, lamis daun-doblobamde Seubralebeli da mouridebeli, zogjer patara bavSviviT aRfrTovanebuli, xolo Sefasebisas mudam Tav-isufalia. mas ar sCvevia faqtebis Selamazeba, misi fiqri da mizania, mkiTxvels Tvali auxilos da realoba mTeli Tavisi saSinelebiT SeagrZnobinos.

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romans erT-erT epigrafad germaneli reJisoris rai-ner verner fasbinderis sityvebi aqvs wamZRvarebuli: „risi Secvlac ar SegiZlia, unda aRwero mainc“, da mTxrobelic didi mondomebiT da enamaxvilobiT aRwers im samyaros, romelsac, marTalia, ver cvlis, magram, samagierod, zizRs ar iSurebs misTvis. „99 frankis“ avtori zedmiwevniT icnobs adamianebs da Rrmad grZnobs garemos, sadac am nawarmoebis gmiri _ oqtavi trialebs. es aris utyuari STabeWdileba, romelic romanis wakiTxvis Semdeg mkiTxvels rCeba. oqtav parangos cxovrebis istoria, romelsac mwerali am romanSi mogviTxrobs, nawilobriv mis pirad gamocdilebas efuZneba: rogorc cnobilia, iseve rogorc oqtavi _ romanis mTavari personaJi _ begbederic sareklamo biznesSi moRvaweobda da Zalian kargad icnobda reklamis samyaros, romelsac ase daundoblad dascinis „99 frankSi“. romanSi farda exdeba sareklamo sferos Sida samzareulos, xolo reklama gaazre-bulia, rogorc masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRi, romelic am romanis mixedviT, adamianebs sicocxlisTvis saSiSi, uxarisxo produqciis gasaRebas aiZulebs. avtori ironiulad aRwers im cnobil adamianTa zRvargadasul simdidres, romelTac keTildReoba danarCeni msoflios ubedurebis xarjze moi-poves. avtorisTvis WeSmaritebis gamoxatvisa da mkiTxvelis gamofxizlebis erTgvari saSualeba cinizmia. ai, ras acxa-debs igi Tavis sadevizo gamonaTqvmaSi: „vcdilob gamogafxi-zloT, rom msoflios sxva TvaliT SexedoT. es cota rodia. sulac ar mgonia, rom Cemi romanebi samyaros Secvlis, magram isini dRevandel problemebs upasuxebs. bevrs SokSi agdebs Cemi personaJebis winaaRmdegobrivi buneba, magram es Cemi wi-naaRmdegobebic aris. Cemi wignebiT daintereseba iman ganapi-roba, rom mkiTxveli maT gmirebSi sakuTar Tavs xedavs. Cven vcxovrobT epoqaSi, romelSic gvxiblavs da amavdroulad siZulvils gvinergavs sareklamo cxovreba“. romanic xom `sareklamo siZulvilis~ grZel jaWvs warmoadgens, sadac reklamis ideis avtors, kreators, sZuls saagento, saagento ver itans reklamis SemkveTs, reklamis SemkveTs ezizReba

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momxmarebeli, momxmarebels ki, SeiZleba iTqvas, guli ereva Tavisnairebze da zizRis am usasrulo jaWviT Sekruli per-sonaJebi sxvebsac iTreven da Tavadac iqcevian msxverplad. ai, ras ambobs oqtavi sakuTar Tavze da maTze, vinc icis, rom „reklama abinZurebs gonebas“: „Cven varT reklamis moZule reklamistebi...“ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es fraza Tavxeduri gu-laxdilobaa, rac cinizmis nimuSs warmoadgens.

romani „99 franki“ Sedgeba Tavebisagan: „me“, „Sen“, „is“, „Cven“, „Tqven“, „isini“. avtori mihyveba garkveul logikas, Taviseburad cvlis TxrobiT situaciebs, raTa ar dairRves kavSiri Txrobis subieqts an obieqtsa da saTaurSi gamotanil piris nacvalsaxels Soris. avtoris obieqtivaciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan formas pirvel TavSi „me“ warmoadgens _ Txro-ba gmiris cxovrebis Sesaxeb, romelic efuZneba sakuTar „bi-ografiul faseulobebs“ (baxtini). gmirTan avtoris dialogi mTeli romanis manZilze grZeldeba. oqtavi cdilobs an gamo-eyos masas, an moZebnos komforti sxva personaJebTan Serwym-iT. avtori Segnebulad ayenebs gmirs mxatvruli sinamdvilis misTvis yvelaze xelsayrel poziciaSi. erTi sityviT, romani „99 franki“ warmoadgens megastruqturas, romlis centrSic dgas mTavari gmiris oqtav parangos Sinagani samyaro, gmirisa, romelic erTgvarad avtoris alter-ego-s warmoadgens. ro-manis nawilebis nominaciebi protagonistis avtoriseul xedvas gviCvenebs. TavSi „me“ gmiri Sinagani energiiT aris aRsavse, igi mkafiod gansazRvravs sakuTar miznebs. avtori ki „Caurevlobis“ poziciaze dgas da amiT gmirs aZlevs war-moCenis, sakuTari Tavis wardgenis saSualebas. gmiris saxisa da xasiaTis ganmsazRvrel Tvisebas warmoadgens formula „me sakuTari TavisTvis“. es vlindeba romanis metateqstualur donezec: pirveli Tavi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, nominirebu-lia nacvalsaxeliT „me“.

nawarmoebis protagonisti, 33 wlis oqtav parango _ av-toris prototipi _ evropis erT-erT umsxviles sareklamo saagentoSi muSaobs da TiTqos upirispirdeba im Rirebule-bebs, romelzec es sareklamo saagento dgas, Tumca Tavad

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swored am Rirebulebebis Semqmneli da `gampiarebelia~. par-angos irgvliv vxvdebiT iseT adamianebs, romlebic did fu-funebaSi cxovroben, mxolod sakuTar Tavze fiqroben da nel-nela kargaven adamianobas. isini kargaven yvelaze Zvir-fass, imas, rasac fuliT ver iyidi, imas, rac Tavisi simaxin-jiT ganasxvavebs maT Raribi da ubralo, Sromismoyvare ada-mianebisgan. sainteresoa gza, romelic oqtav parangom gaiara. esaa gza, romelic aucilebeli iyo sulieri simSvidis, warsu-lisgan ganTavisuflebisa da sulis ganwmendisaTvis. parango mTeli romanis ganmavlobaSi wuxs imis gamo, rom gamouswore-beli naZiralaa: „Cven SegviZlia yvelaferi gayidvinoT _ rac ar gWirdebaT, rac gZulT, risi fulic ar gaqvT, Tanac Zalian Zvirad... aseve SegviZlia yvelaferi gagayidvinoT _ TqvenTvis aucilebeli nivTebi, Tqveni megobrebi, Tqveni suli, Tanac Zalian iafad“ _ oqtavis es sityvebi TviTon av-torma erT-erT interviuSi ganacxada, Tumca romanSi aRar Seutania, samagierod, Seqmna „jansaRi sakvebisTvis“ mebrZo-li iogurTisa da pepsis reklamebiT dakavebuli kreatiuli menejeris namdvili saxe, romelmac kargad icis, rom Zroxis rZe dioqsins Seicavs, xelovnur wyalsacavSi moSenebul Te-vzs antibiotikebiT kvebaven, marwyvSi civi zRvebis Tevzis genia Seyvanili, TambaqoSi zazunis genia, pomidorSi ki _ adamianisa. arc glamuri da misiT gamowveuli gaumaZRrobaa daviwyebuli, raime axlis an bolo gamoSvebis nivTis SeZenis dauokebeli survili xom Tanamedrove adamianis erT-erTi umTavresi vnebaa. erTi sityviT, gmiri gvamcnobs axali epo-qis dasawyisis Sesaxeb, romelsac pirobiTad SegviZlia „sare-klamo totalitarizmi“ davarqvaT. avtori ki amiT samyaros daRupvis gardauvalobaze saubrobs, radgan „es civilizacia yalb survilebze dgas, romlebsac ZaliT aRviZeb Sens TavSi“.

romanis avtori oqtavis piriT sinanulnarevi ironiiT acxadebs: „yvelaferi iyideba: siyvaruli, xelovneba, de-damiwa, Tqven, me“. am sityvebis Tqmis mizezs da safuZvels ki gmirsac da mkiTxvelsac irgvliv arsebuli realoba uqmnis.

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magaliTad, oqtavi acxadebs: „me var is tipi, romelmac nagavi unda SemogasaRoT“, cota qveviT ki ambobs: „cxovrebas Tqvens motyuebaSi vatareb da amisaTvis kargadac mixdian, 13.000 evro maqvs xelfasi“. aq komentaric ki zedmetia, mkiTxvels maSinve gamoaqvs daskvna: maRali anazRaurebiT Seqmnil privi-legirebul cxovrebas Znelad Tu daTmobs vinme, rasakvirve-lia, sindisica da moralic naklebad aRelvebs aseT adamians.

kidev ufro mZafrdeba ironia da aSkara dacinvis saxes iRebs oqtavis Semdegi sityvebSi: „rodesac televizors uyurebT, me Tqvens sayvarel films yvelaze magar adgilze vwyvet da Cemi sareklamo logoebiT giSliT nervebs. aqedan aRebuli fuliT ki Svebulebas xan sen-bartSi vatareb, xan la-muSi, xan fxukeTSi, xan ki sulac laskabanSi“. an kidev: „Tqveni sayvareli Jurnalis furclebs Cemi sloganebiT vaWreleb. ra Tqma unda, verc am SemTxvevaSi iqnebiT kmayofili. magram Tqveni buzRuni sul cal fexze mkidia: imden mayuTs aviReb, rom rac momeprianeba, imas viyidi“. orive SemTxvevaSi ironia sarkazmSi gadadis, mkiTxvelisTvis ki, ra Tqma unda, nacnobia im garemoebebiT gamowveuli arasasiamovno gancdebi, raze-dac oqtavi mianiSnebs. Tumca igi arc sakuTar Tavs da Tavis-nair adamianebs indobs: „yovelTvis gamoZebniT saSualebas, rom xalxis gasulelebiT bevri fuli moxvetoT“. da mainc, ratom aris oqtavi ase cinikurad ganwyobili reklamis mi-marT? albaT imitom, rom „swored reklamas evaleba daarw-munos moqalaqeebi, rom yvelaferi kargadaa, roca yvelaferi cudadaa“. begbederi aRwers fsiqologiuri zewolis meSveo-biT adamianis gonebis, cnobierebis dauflebis process: „ooh, rom icodeT, ra siamovnebaa Tqvens tvinSi SeRweva... Tqveni survilebi Tqven aRar gekuTvniT, rasac me gibrZanebT, Tqvenc imas isurvebT... es me unda gadavwyvito dRes, Tu ra moginde-baT Tqven xval“. sareklamo sloganebi ki JRers, rogorc aq-siomebi, romelTac lamis moralur–filosofiuri maqsimebis roli akisria, ai, erT-erTi maTgani: „vxarjav, e.i.varsebob“. dekartes ironiuli gabaTileba aq WeSmaritebis Secvlis niSans warmoadgens.

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sagulisxmoa fraza, romelsac wignis pirvel nawilSi vxvdebiT: „Cven vcxovrobT adamianis adamianze batono-bis pirvel sistemaSi, romlis winaSe TviT Tavisuflebac ki uZluria“. sainteresoa, ras unda gulisxmobdes avtori? Tu uSualod wignis siuJetis mixedviT vimsjelebT, aq reklamis batonoba unda vigulisxmoT, romelic „momxiblavad imor-Cilebs“ yvelas da romlisTvisac yvelaferi nebadarTulia. sxva mxriv ki, zogadad, adamianis mdgomareoba aqvs avtors mxedvelobaSi: „xel-fexi Sekruli gaqvT aTasnairi kreditiT, yovelTviuri gadasaxadebiTa da qiriT. rao, amas garda su-lieri mdgomareobebic gaqvT? ras melaparakebiT?! ra prob-lemaa! aba, erTi gaixedeT: milionobiT umuSevari gareT dgas da moTminebiT elodeba, rodis gauTavisuflebT adgils“. avtori aq dascinis uunaro, robotebadqceul, sulel ada-mianebs, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT protestis grZnoba, eguebian arsebuls, sadac mdidarTa fena marTavs, Raribebi ki emor-Cilebian maT. mokled, „Tanamedrove msoflioSi yvela ube-duria“, am mdgomareobas begbederi Semdegnairad xsnis: „umu-Sevrebi ubedurebi arian imitom, rom samuSao ar aqvT, xolo vinc muSaobs, isic ubeduria Tavisi samuSaos gamo“, amitomac interesdeba oqtavi: „unda vikiTxoT, adamianis Semdgomi cx-ovreba Tu arsebobs, iseTi samyaro, sadac postadamianuri Rirseuli arsebebi icxovreben, romlebsac simaxinjis usa-marTloba ver daCagravs“.

ra aris im adamianTa samuSaos mizani, romlebic xelmZR-vaneloben paradoqsuli deviziT: „adamianebs kretinebad nu miiCnevT, magram nu dagaviwydebaT, rom isini kretinebi ar-ian“ (begbederi 2012:24)? ra Tqma unda, maTi mizania, daarwmu-nos momxmarebeli, SeiZinos iseTi produqti, romelic male gacvdeba da mwyobridan gamova. mwarmoeblebi amas „moraluri cveTis daprogramebas“ eZaxian. oqtavs da misnairebs ki ev-alebaT yvelaferze Tvali daxuWon da sulieri mdgomareoba, grZnobebi TavisTvis Seinaxon. isini xom wlebis ganmavlobaSi usityvod akeTeben imas, rasac avaleben, ise, rom erTxelac ar imaRleben xmas am sibinZuris winaaRmdeg, arada, „SeiZleba, Sen

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rom Seni saqmis keTebaze uari geTqva, yvelaferi sxvanairad yofiliyo...“ _ acxadebs avtori da sayvedurobs gmirs, romelsac araferi gaukeTebia imisaTvis, rom samyaro raimeTi mainc Seecvala da adamianTa cxovrebisTvis meti xalisi mien-iWebina. mas xom, iseve, rogorc sxvebs, am sasikvdilo codvaSi udgas fexi da axla danaSaulze waswrebuliviT veRarc iqiT midis da veRarc aqeT, anu rogorc avtori ambobs: „RmerTma ra sasjelic mogivlina, esec kargad mogexseneba: Sen xom ukve jojoxeTSi cxovrob“.

„99 frankis“ avtori cdilobs sakuTari saTqmeli mkafiod, pirdapir gamoxatos, da am gziT mkiTxvels Tanamedrove sam-yarosa da sakuTari Tavis mimarT SiSis, siZulvilisa da pro-testis grZnobas Caunergos, Tumca paradoqsulia is, rom igi arasdros garbis am samyarodan. romanSi arsad Cans gare damkvirvebeli, (avtoris) Semfasebeli pozicia personaJis mimarT, mxolod finalSi avlins igi Tanamedrove adamianis individualisturi miswrafebebis siyalbes.

oqtav parangos eyo nebisyofa da gambedaoba, rom gael-aSqra usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg, igi sabolood „gamofxizl-da“: „yvelaferi warmavalia da yvelaferi iyideba, adamianic iseTive produqtia, rogoric sxva danarCeni, masac gaaCnia vargisianobis gansazRvruli vada. amitomac gadavwyvite, 33 wlis asakSi samsaxurisaTvis Tavi gamenebebina, Tanac, rogorc mogexsenebaT, saukeTeso asakia aRdgomisaTvis“, Tumca misi pirovnuli tragedia sxva rameSi mdgomareobs _ mas ukeTeso-bisken Secvlis Zala aRar Seswevs. SeiZleba, vivaraudoT, rom mkiTxveli swored oqtavis „gamofxizlebiT“ aris moxiblu-li, radgan Tanamedrove teqnologiebsa da „dareklamebul samyaroSi“ mcxovrebi adamianebi swored TavianTi ocnebis asrulebas _ am yvelafrisgan Tavis daRwevis SesaZleblobas _ xedaven am gmiris moqmedebasa da zogadad am romanSi. „99 frankis“ gmiri acnobierebs, rom konformizmi damRupvelia, cdilobs Secvalos televiziiT zombirebuli adamianebis damokidebuleba reklamis mimarT, Cawvdes mis saidumlos: „rogor moxda, rom epoqaSi, romelSic cinizmma Tavisi ayvave-

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bis mwvervals miaRwia, reklama msoflios mbrZaneblis tax-tzea wamoskupebuli?!“.

amgvarad, „99 franki“ mankieri sareklamo biznesis mwvave satiras warmoadgens da daundoblad amxels am SeSlil da cvalebad samyaros, sadac erTmaneTi sZulT da ase uniWod iflangeba adamianuri resursi. reklamam xelyo adamianis Tavisufleba da igi monad aqcia. am romanis mixedviT SeiZle-ba iTqvas, rom Tumca msoflioSi yvelaferi elvisuswrafesad icvleba da arc maRal teqnologiur miRwevebs aqvT sazRvari, veranairi teqnologiuri progresi ver Secvlis adamianur grZnobebs. romanSi igrZnoba protesti materialisturi damokidebulebebis mimarT, adamianebis sevda da adamianuri urTierTobebis deficiti. es romani SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs Signidan davinaxoT adamianis gaTelvis Tanamedrove sistema, romelic savaWro biznesis klanWebSia moqceuli.

begbederis es romani polemikuria da gamsWvalulia drois suliskveTebiT. mwerali aqcents akeTebs cxovrebis absur-dul mxareze da aseTi daskvna gamoaqvs: adamiani umweoa Tana-medrove samyaroSi, nihilizmi, cxovrebis sicariele erTgvar senad iqca samyaroSi, sadac pirveladi da prioritetuli bi-ologiuri instinqtia.

mwerlis azrTa postmodernistuli TamaSi absurdis Te-atris esTetikas emsgavseba, sadac xalxi reklamistTa xelSi marionetebad qceula. avtori Tavis romans Sesabamisi Janro-brivi tradiciis farglebSi aTavsebs da mkiTxvels SesaZle-blobas aZlevs, igi aRiqvas rogorc antiutopia. misi post-modernistuli antiutopia ki civilizaciis Tanamedrove sistemas yvelaze ukiduresi formiT warmogvidgens. epigrafi da romanis bolo fraza „keTili iyos Tqveni mobrZaneba uke-Tes samyaroSi“ am romanis saerTo saTqmels ironiul formu-lad aqcevs da antiutopiuri ideis _ „aiZulos adamians Seiy-varos monuri mdgomareoba“ _ wres kravs. romanis poetikis asociaciuroba imdenad afarToebs teqstis istoriul–kul-turul CarCoebs, rom „99 franki“ (wignis fasi) gadadis in-teleqtualuri Txrobis formaSi, sadac erTmaneTs Tavisu-

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flad erwymis gamoxatvis sxvadasxva plani, lirikuli gancda da filosofiuri refleqsia. politikur aluziaTa siRrme da Zala saSualebas gvaZlevs SevafasoT begbederi, rogorc oruelis tradiciaTa pirdapiri memkvidre, Tumca isini gan-sxvavdebian Txrobis maneriT: oruelTan did rols TamaSobs miniSneba, xolo begbederi pirdapir asaxelebs politikur pirebs, faqtebs da maT mudmivad ironiul konteqstSi moix-seniebs.

marTalia, „99 frankSi“ adamiani parodirebulia, magram sinamdvileSi avtori sinanuliT usvams xazs Tanamedrove adamianis yofas. amasTan misi lamazad Cacmuli da respeqta-beluri gmirebi TavianTi SecdomebiT ar amayoben _ maTTvis morali Zalian mniSvnelovania.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tanamedrove msoflios naklovanebe-bze, adamianTa zedapirul urTierTobebze werisas, begbed-eri cdilobda dapirispireboda nihilizmsa da glamuruli cxovrebis sicarieles. groteskis da ironiis Semcveli ro-mani „99 franki“ sazogadoebis mimarT gamoTqmuli protestia maTive umoqmedobis gamo.

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Jaklin siraZe

mistikuri Tvali(emzar kvitaiSvilis Semoqmedeba)

qarTuli cnobiereba goeTes `faustis~ Semoqmed dedaTa mxareSi

`bevrjer Cavyevi qvesknelSi Zirebs,

idumalebis amosacnobad~.

e. kvitaiSvili

fiodor dostoevski erTgan Tavzardamcemi tonalobiT wers:

`SenSic, angelozSic cxovrobs is qvewarmavali da sisxls qariSxliT giforiaqebs. es qariSxalia, radgan vneba _ qariSxalia~.

magram, rac ar unda gasakviri iyos, is, rac SemaZrwunebeli da saTakiloa rusi mwerlisTvis, rusuli cnobierebisaTvis, qarTvel poetTan da ubadlo eseistTan emzar kvitaiSvilTan mxolod da mxolod siamayis grZnobas aRZravs. amis mtkice-bulebaa misi Semdegi fraza: `vnatrob bavSvobis wlebsa da adreul siymawviles, roca Cems arsebas sicocxlis dauoke-beli Jini sZravda~.

am gamonaTqvamSi ukve qarTuli cnobiereba ixazeba, romelic mudamJams sixaruliTa da erTgvari zeimurobiTac ki egebeba sicocxlis yvela gamovlenas da rusi mwerlisgan gansxvavebiT, codvad sulac ar miaCnia adamianis dauokebeli Jini, sicocxlis vnebiT Sepyrobiloba. radgan misi es Jini Tu vneba yovelTvis, mTlianad da udanakargod samyaros Semec-nebisken aris mimarTuli. swored am grZnobaTa simZafriT aRiqvams igi Tavis cxovrebas, Tavis egzistencias da imaSic erTgvari kanonzomierebaa, rom poet-eseisti emzar kvitaiS-vili sicocxlis fenomens aRiqvams ara abstraqciaSi, aramed konkretuli sagnis `dagemovnebiT~ _ xilis utkbilesi ge-moTi: `xilis uzomod motrfiale var; Sexedvac, xilvac miy-

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vars sxvadasxva dros, TanmimdevrobiT damwifebul nairgvar formaTa, nairgvaradve Seferil nayofTa da yoveli maTganis gemo, enis wverze daSxefebuli wveniT auwerel siamovnebas mgvris. es netari gancda uTvalavjer gamomixatavs~. mkiTx-veli poetTan erTad did saidumloebas eziareba, radgan is Tavisi megzuris meSveobiT SeigrZnobs miwis wiaRidan amoma-vali sicocxlis wvenis amoucnob gzas da xis nayofTa wiaR usasrulo mogzaurobaSi moxvedrili, poetis msgavsad gao-cebul-gabruebuli, im kanonzomierebas aRmoaCens, romelze-dac emzar kvitaiSvili mogvianebiT erT-erT dRiurSi Cawers: `yovelgvar SemTxveviTobas Zirkvavs es Seukavebeli, SeuboWa-vi aucilebloba _ yvelafers, gamosxmuls (foTols, nayofs _ Reroze dakidebuls) gamoebmeba mkvebavi yunwi. sakvirve-lia, rogori daJinebiT ebRauWeba sicocxle masazrdoebel wyaros anu TavisTavs~.

Tu goeTes fausti (ekermanis mixedviT) pirvelsaxeTa (urphänomen) savanes qvesknelis maradiul bnel mxareSi, si-martoveSi myofi Semoqmedi dedebis arse baSi poulobs, rom-lisganac warmodgeba yovelive, rasac dedamiwis zedapirze forma da sicocxle gaaCnia. esaa miwieri yofierebis mara-diuli metamorfoza: warmoSoba, zrda, rRveva da aRorZineba, romelic warmoadgens dedaTa maraduwyvet moqmedebas. poe-ti-mistikosi emzar kvitaiSvili am SemoqmedebiTi principis farul moZraobas `Tvals adevnebs~ xis nayofTa mravalfer-ovnebaSi: maTi kvirtobis, yvavilobis, mwifobisa Tu xrwnis saxeebSi. igi aq poulobs samyaros Zirs, sicocxlis dafaru-li harmoniis gacxadebas, romelsac SeiZleba `Seexo~ kidec _ daigemovno, rogorc am niSniT sicocxlis gamovlinebis, moxelTebis, am gaelvebaSi maradiulis wvdomis erTaderTi SesaZlebloba.

da rogorc sazogadod xdeba, maradiuli sagnebis Semc-nobi adamiani mudam gaocebul-Secbunebuli yovndeba am didi dResaswaulis, sicocxlis saidum loebis winaSe: `maSin mik-virda _ ra xels gamohyavda yviTelmtvriani butkoebis irgv-liv Semogarsuli yvavilTa pawawkintela, abreSumis kabebi Tu winsafrebi _ erTmaneTTan Sezavebuli unazesi haerovneba da

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molamune nami. mainc mixaroda _ Sav, notio miwaSi Cagrexil-CaxlarTulma fesvebma mokrialebuli ca, haerSi gam jdari sisvele meramdened daanaxes yvavilebs, maT sifrifana, io-lad das afuTi frTebiT...

monusxuli Sevyurebdi da vicodi _ didxans ar gastanda yvavilebis dResaswauli... saxe unda ecvala...~

sxva eseistur `dRiurSi~ ki mis gakvirveba-gaocebas TavisTavad mohyveba Semoqmedi dedebis idumlad moqmed ar-sebobaze mimaniSnebeli arsebiTi kiTxvebi:

`lamazad gamoCans cal gverdze mwoli, qvafenilze gasre-sili, kabaaxdili kalos TeZo, samkuTxad talRovani, yviTeli, sirmebiT moqobili... vin qsovs, vin akeTebs amas?! sad iyo yve-lafris Ziri da fesvi, saidan gamoskda ase erTbaSad amdeni forma da feri?!~

amitomac sulac aRar gikvirs, rom masTan Rvinis fenom-enis gverdiT xilis utkbilesi wveni Seiqmneba im Alter egod, im megzurad, romelic mas Tavis sulismier gzaze gaiyvans da romlisganac `miwis pirvelyofili sinoyivrisgan~ `dabindu-li~ misi goneba Wvrets sicocxles. swored am mdgomareobaSi iRviZebs qarTvel adamianSi sicocxlis `dakarguli~ Zala da ase wvdeba igi cxovrebis fesvebs, sicocxlis raRac farul energias.

amitomac Cawers Tavis erT-erT dRiurSi: `cxovrebaSi bevri rame damklebia, magram fantaziis nakleboba arasodes migrZvnia. aRsagznebad araviTari Triaqi, absenti Tu meska-lini ar mWirdeba, roca moviwadineb, maSin gavbruvdebi, weris dawyebisTanave~.

mistikosis, xelovanisa da filosofosis saidumlo kavSiri

rogorc zogierTi didi moazrovne miiCnevs, samyaros Se-mecnebas, misi sinamdvilis miReba-Cawvdomas mxolod adami-anis sami mdgomareoba ganapirobebs:

_ poetis, wmindanisa da filosofosis.

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samive mdgomareobaSi adamiani axdens Tavisi Tavis re-alizacias, ufro zustad ki, mxolod am sam mdgomareobaSi ZaluZs mas waikiTxos Tavisi bedis wigni, romelSic moCans ka-cobriobis mTliani saxe: wmindanis, filosofosisa da poetis pirovnuli niSniT dabeWdili (me am kerZo SemTxvevaSi wmind-anis nacvlad mistikoss Cavsvam). magram isic ueWvelia, rom es sami mdgomareoba cal-calke arc arasodes aris mocemuli adamianSi. isini yovelTvis erTimeoreSia gadaxlarTuli, gad-awnuli da ase erTmaneTisagan daucileblad Tanaarseboben.

Tu filosofosia, Tanac, iseTi maRali rangisa, rogoric martin haidegeria, is poeturi STagonebis elvare biliks miuyveba da Sesabamisad, misi sametyvelo ena poeziis `bneli stiqiidan~ amodindeba, xolo misi filosofiis qveda dinebeb-Si Cven mistikosis mier gakeTebul Canawerebs vawydebiT.

Tu adamiani mistikosia, misi azrovnebis ganmsazRvreli wminda wignebia, Tumca masSi moazrovne filosofosi ikvlevs da iazrebs, Tu rogor Seiqmna samyaro, rogor azrovnebs adamiani.

emzar kvitaiSvili raRac gulmtkivneulad, zeaweuli stiliTac ki wers Tavis nagrZnob-nafiqrs, romlis iqiTac adamianis orive es mdgomareoba unda vigulisxmoT: mistiko-sis da filosofosis.

Tu mistikosze midgeba saqme – mas mZimeze mZime movaleo-ba akisria, radgan poetSi mistikosi idealuri samyarosken miemarTeba, raTa tanjviT aRsavse gzis dasasruls, Tavmo-drekili morCilebiTa da sasoebiT, uxmo dumilSi ixilos is, vinc, platonis mosazrebiT, warmoadgens models an nimuSs im materialuri samyarosi, romelsac poeti baZavs.

emzar kvitaiSvilTan vkiTxulobT leqss, romelsac `sakraluri survili~ qvia da romelSic ikveTeba poetSi myo-fi mistikosi Tavisi yvelaze wmindaTa wminda survilebiT:

`rodis dadgebi, nanatro wamo?naWed-Sekruli ise magra var(damlama dilam), sul imas vlamob

rogorme viqce RmerTis sakravad...

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ukvdavebisas vigemeb sasmels,mindorsac vnaxav, iiT mofenils;davlocav ufals, mwadia masve

vasmino knini samadlobeli~.

mistikosis ̀ civi~ da ̀ gaToSili~ mdgomareoba mas SesaZle-blobas aZlevs zedmiwevniT zustad da ucdomlad waikiTxos sxva adamianis, sxva poetis sulis mdgomareoba. magaliTad, roca is xedavs, Tu rogor arTmevs sikvdilis mwuxare an-gelozi suls misTvis uaxloes adamiansa da poets giorgi le-oniZes, is ambobs: `TvalebSi cis silurje gauqra, Caumuqda. bneli landi Casaxleboda~.

metasamyaros mistikur gzebs poeti xSirad bunebis enis meSveobiT `kiT xulobs~. emzar kvitaiSvilis prozaul naw-erebSi amis uamravi magaliTia. erT-erTi maTgani giorgi leoniZeze daweril wignSi (`qarTuli sityvis bazieri”) mo-Txrobili es uCveulo ambavia: `muqad ilandeboda vardisa da iasamnis buCqebi. TviTon zRapruli goliaTiviT miirweo-da Ramis frinvelebiTa da mwerebiT aSrialebul sibneleSi. ratomRac vifiqre, rom swored aseTi Ramis idumalebam daba-da misi Sedevri da xmamaRla vTqvi: `Savs yorRanebSi sZinavT yivCaRebs~.

es ambavi giorgi leoniZesTan stumrobis dros moxda da poet emzar kvi taiSvilSi myofi mistikosi rom swored gior-gi leoniZis STagonebis idumal da farul gzas `misdevs~, amas adasturebs is faqtic, rom mis mier xmamaRla gaJRe rebuli leqsis striqonebs giorgi leoniZec xmamaRla, bunebrivad agrZelebs.

kidev erTi magaliTi: emzar kvitaiSvili giorgi leoniZis cnobil foto suraTze amoicnobs cnobili leqsis òles~ Se-qmnis ganwyobas: `xan SiSesul poe ts grZeli, Savi palto acvia, TavSiSveli, xelebi jibeebSi Cauwyvia da loyiT beberi Tu-Tis xis merqans mixutebia. Zveli saxlis vardebiani aivnisaken iyureba, saxeze sinanulgareuli netarebis Rimili dasTama-Sebs. misi mzera warsuliskenaa mimarTuli. vinc am suraTs daakvirdeba, uTuod ityvis, rom swored aseT kacs un da daewera òle~.

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bunebis xedvis sirTule _ dafaruli RmerTi

erTi interpretatoris azriT, goeTes fausts mze araTu da ar abrmavebs, aramed Sinagan Tvals auxels. emzar kvitaiS-vilisTvisac es mze Tavad `RvTaebrivi arsia~, romelic bune-bis saxeebSi ecxadeba poets: es iqneba gadamfreni Citebis samkuTxad gawyobili gundi Tu Semodgomis yviTel foTols mimsgavsebuli bayayi, xan ki axlad ayvavebuli xeebis kvirte-bi... bunebis yvela es gamovlena mas `Tvals auxels~ da Tavis Sinagan samyaroSi `Caagdebs~.

viRac berZens uTqvams: `berZnebma gabedes da Sexedes bunebas~.

Tavad sityva gabeduleba imaze migvaniSnebs, rom bunebis xedva ar aris iseTi ioli saqme, rogorc es erTi SexedviT SeiZleba moeCvenos adamians. piriqiT, umravlesoba bunebas Sehyurebs da ver xedavs mas. sityva `gabeduleba” ki berZenma avtorma teqstSi udavod im Zalisxmevis aRsaniSnad Cawera, romelic mxolod sakuTar Tavze aRmatebisas SeiZleba moi-povos adamianma _ es sulieri mdgomareobaa, sulieri xedvaa, romelic bunebas RvTaebrivis emanaciad gaxilvebinebs da gangacdevinebs.

bunebis xedva igive Semoqmedebaa da mxedveli-Semoqmedi RmerTis msgavsad araradan (rasac nikolai berdiaevi `Tav-isuflebad~ ganmartavs, radgan Tavisufleba aris arara bunebrivi samyaros realobis TvalsazrisiT, igi ar aris `ra-Rac~) qmnis am bunebis suraTebs. roca emzar kvitaiSvilis dRiurebs ecnobi, romelSic xSirad bunebis Wvretaa gadmo-cemuli, xvdebi, rom swored misi Zalisxmeva _ poetSi daun-jebuli, Tavisuflebis mSobeli _ sulismieri Tvali migviZ-Rveba da `kiTxulobs~ bunebis suraTebs.

masTan buneba igive substanciaa _ RvTaebrivis gancxa-debaa, romelic barux spinozas sityvebi rom moviSvelioT, TavisTavis mizezs (causa sui-s) Tavad warmoadgens, ufro zus-tad ki es substancia ̀ maradiuli da usasrulo arsebaa, romel-sac Cven RmerTs, anu bunebas (deus sive nature) vuwodebT~.

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da Tu goeTes `fausts~, zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, `sam-yaros gulis guli~, qveynis arsi surs ixilos da ase swvdes cocxali bunebis im moqmed Zal ebs, romlebic `farul zrax-viT erTad arian Sekrulni~ da ris gamoisobiTac `mas yofi-erebis dinamika da harmonia aRafrTovanebs~ _ qarTveli poe-ti-mistikosi emzar kvitaiSvili Tavad bunebis saxeSi Wvrets am amoucnobis niSnebs. amitomac yvela mis Canawers bunebis Sesaxeb erTgvari mistikuri saburveli axlavs, romlis miR-mac saaqaosa da saiqios Soris waSlili zRvari ikiTxeba.

bunebis am idumali enaze gviambobs poeti erT mogonebaSi, romelic Tengiz mirzaSvilis dakrZalvis sevdian dRes ukav-Sirdeba: is da guram lorTqifaniZe (igive lorTqia) dakrZal-vis procesias miuyvebin. swored am dros emzar kvitaiSvili sasaflaos Sav WiSkarTan Seyovndeba, zamTris tyviisfer cas hkidebs Tvals da xiluls imis niSnad aRiqvams, rac mis gver-diT, miwaze xdeba. Tengiz mirzaSvilis gardacvalebis mauw-yeblobis niSnad, `tyviisfer cis fonze samkuTxad ganwyobi-li gareuli batebis gundi, lega feris bumbuliT gawyobili frTebiT uxmod miapobda haers~, raTa am mistikuri ritual-iT kidev erTxel aResrulebinaT cisa da miwis..

analogiuri saxisaa poetis mogoneba mdinare TeZamis na-pirze, sadac igi ixi lavs ̀ Semodgomis foToliviT moyviTalo bayays~, romelsac `zurgze wvrili oqrosferi xorklebi eyara da mrgvali Tvalebis rqovanac oqrosfrad uelavda~. Semdgom ukve, erTdroulad aRtacebuli da sunTqvaSekruli poeti gviambobs, Tu rogor uSiSrad dgeba bayayi mis winaSe, drodadro rogor uCinardeba wyalSi, raTa poetis winaSe isev da isev `fexebi narnarad SeaTamaSos~, ìmave qvasTan gai-lursos~ da poets àmoxedos~, rogorc samyaros saidumlo enaze mosaubre personam.

avtori _ sakuTari teqstis interpretirebisas

kiTxvis paradoqsuli procesi, rogorc wesi, yovelTvis mojadoebuli wris winaSe gvayenebs da erT saidumloebas gvamcnobs: kiTxvisas Cven mxolod da mxolod Cvens Tavs, Cve-

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ni sulis wigns àmovikiTxavT~. amitomac, roca saubaria poet emzar kvitaiSvilis eseistikaze (eseebi giorgi leoniZeze, ana axmatovaze, marina cvetaevaze, ioseb griSaSvilze, jeimz joisze, homerosze, dante aligierize da a. S. da a. S.), TavisTa-vad ise xdeba, rom maTi kiTxvisas emzar kvitaiSvili, Tavisi daxvewili da elvare proziT, SeniSvnebiTa da komentarebiT TiTqos gvkarnaxobs, yvelaze Rrma interpretacia gavakeToT Tavad mis Semoqmedebaze _ poet emzar kvitaiSvilze. maSasa-dame, roca igi giorgi leoniZeze, ana axmatovaze, marina cve-taevaze, jeimz joisze wers, amiT, Tavisdauneburad, sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi kredos uamrav saidumlosac gvimJRavnebs da, rac mTavaria, Tavisi weris xelovnebasa da Tavisi nawerebis farul qveteqstebzec migvaniSnebs.

magaliTad, giorgi leoniZis Semoqmedebaze werisas is Tav-isi SemoqmedebiTi kredos `definicias~ axdens: `xelovnebis yvela WeSmarit qmni leba Si, aqac erTi ganwyobilebaa mTavari (martoobis sevda), is warmarTavs mTel leqss, magram alag-alag mxiaruli, utexi, xalisiani kiloc gamoereva. òles~ fi-naluri striqonebi ki aSkarad maJorulad JRers~.

roca am definicias vkiTxulobT, Cven, uneburad, xelax-la gaviazrebT emzar kvitaiSvilis poezias, raTa am Semoq-medebiTi saidumlos damadasturebeli nimuSi moviZioT. ai, es leqsic, saTaurad `dedofali~. aq aris daxvewili riTme-bi, intonaciis gadmocemis iSviaTi unari, dabolos, is said-umlo musika, romelsac namdvili poezia yovelTvis Tavisi striqonebis iqiT, metateqstSi gulisxmobs da romelic Tan axlavs wminda arsis Wvretas, rogorc dafaruli mSvenierebis gacxadebas:

`serze idga, ver Sevican, risas wnavda niSans;

im weliwads gazafxulma Tavi gaigiJa.

vTqvi, netarma, ra iqneba, Rrublis damsvas mwyemsad!

gvirilebiT, zizilebiT veli Semokemsa.

ver viTvlidi sosnis tbebs da tborebs yayaCoTa,mzis TimTima aTinaTi brolis Wavlze TrToda.

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dawnuls, mwvane winwklebians, Sevxarodi tirifs,

ferisulam gaduara Walebs, Relispirebs.

da viazre, ra ca iyo, an romeli mxare,

damabrmava da Tvalebze xeli avifare.

yvavilebiT daqarguli uelavda weli,

gons mirevda, axlac mikvirs rogor gavuZeli~.

emzar kvitaiSvilis es leqsi erTgvari dadasturebaa imi-sa, rasac nikolai berdiaevi uwodebs `Semoqmedebas~: `Semoq-medeba aris adamianis pasuxi RmerTis Zaxilze~. rac mTavaria, es brwyinvale leqsi im SemoqmedebiTi kredos erT gulia, romelzedac Tavad saubrobs leoniZis òlesTan” dakavSire-biT: `yvela WeSmarit qmnilebaSi aqac erTi ganwyobilebaa~. ganwyoba, anu poetis samyaros macocxlebeli Zala, poetis mRviZare suli amTlianebs qmnilebas imad, rac is aris. amave eseiSi is poeturi niWiT, Tavisi `sulieri dabadebiT~ boZe-bul kidev erT `sibrZnes~ usaxsovrebs mkiTxvels: `mTeli leqsi am erTi brwyinvale saxis gaxsnas, erTi metaforis nair-gvarad warmosaxvas emsaxureba~. da Cven advilad, yovelgvari garjis gareSe moviZiebT amis dasabuTebas mis leqsebSi. erTi magaliTi: CemTvis gamorCeviT sayvareli, daxvewili leqsi `Semodgomam damSala~.

poeti emzar kvitaiSvili leqss iwyebs yru xmiT da war-moTqvams mwuxare, sevdiT aRsavse striqons:

`_ mende, minda Tu ara, bnel samares veltvi...~

Semdgom, mTeli leqsis ganmavlobaSi, yoveli striqo-nis iqiT, Cven isev da isev poetis samaresTan miaxlebas amo-vikiTxavT, risTvisac emzar kvitaiSvili Tavis erTgul meg-zurs _ Semodgomas mouxmobs mwed. is, poeti, Tavad iqceva Semodgomad, mis ganwyobad da amitomac gardaisaxeba: xan wvimiT dasvelebul venaxis qerqad, xan xavsad, xan ki kedelze miyudebul fiwlad da yvela es `sagani~ Semodgomis im gan-wyobilebaSi `Caiwereba~, romelic zamTars _ bunebis miZine-

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bis periods ùaxlovdeba~, da rac `misi sasikvdilo samaris~ asociacias aRgviZravs:

`mende, minda Tu ara, bnel samares veltvi...

sTvelma damanawila – Cala var da Celti.

islad aWrils gabmuli, Camesmeba `Cela~

Tan qerqi var venaxis – wvimam damasvel.

gamovdgebi fiwladac, kedels mimayudes,

xavsi me var, skvinCam ro Caufina budes.

xval rad maqcevs gangeba, vin gaigebs marTals,

yvelaferi viqnebi, Cemi Tavis garda~.

Semoqmedeba da dumilis stiqia

didi belgieli mistikosi moris meterlinki werda: `da roca vlaparakobT, raRac TiTqos gvafrTxilebs, rom RvTae-brivi kari nel-nela ixureba~.

moris meterlinki aq sityva `laparakis~ cnebas iyenebs, rogorc adamianis gaumTlianebeli sulis niSans, im mdgo-mareobisa, roca sityvebi sulac ar amodindebian ènis bneli stiqiidan~ da ar gaivlian saSiS, RvTaebrivi Zalebis savanes: erovnulobis Zirsa da fesvs.

poeti-eseisti emzar kvitaiSviliaraerTxel saubrobs imaze, , Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs dumils (is ratomRac ufro sityva `siCumes~ amjobinebs) da, rom swored dumilidan, si-Cumidan ibadeba namdvil SemoqmedTan yoveli sityva, yoveli grZnoba:

`wuxili Cemi Cumia Cumze,

kvlav Semodgomis ferebi mbangavs,

fanjris CarCoSi mgonia vumzer

Zvirfasi TvlebiT avsebul langars.

am leqsis saTauri `mimyudroeba~ zustad Seesabameba si-Cumis stiqiaSi davanebuli Semoqmedis mdgomareobas, romel-ic gausaZlisi tkivilisagan daRlila da STagonebis nazi da

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mWvirvale saburveliT Seburuli, rogorc iqna, poulobs `sayrdens~. es TavisTavSi moZiebuli kosmosia, romelSic ix-ateba miseuli samyaro, Tavisi xasiaTiTa da SinaarsiT. es ig-ivea, rom adamiani Tavis sulismier sarkeSi imzirebodes da iq Wvretdes TavisTavs. am leqsSic asea. jer mosCans misi ganwyo-bilebis dro _ Semodgoma, romelic aris ara mwuxare, civi da sastiki zamTari da arc mRelvare, boboqari da lamazi gazaf-xuli, aramed maT Soris moqceuli Semodgoma, roca buneba datvirTulia, orsuladaa yvela formis sisruliT da roca masSi, savseobasTan erTad, sikvdilis mwuxare angelozis molodinSi gayursuli poeti ikiTxeba.

fanjris CarCoSi, anu Tavis sulismier sarkeSi is pou-lobs Tavisi ganwyobilebis drosa da fers, romelic isev Se-modgomaa da romelSic poeziis simboluri niSnebi – Zvirfasi Tvlebi mosCans.

poezia dumilis stiqiidan amodindeba. Tumca is isev yoveldRiurobaSi mosax mari sityvebiT gamoiTqmis. magram es msgavseba mxolod da mxolod radgan usasrulo manZili Zevs yoveldRiurobasa da poezias Soris. poetis samyaroSi, misi mRviZare sulis saufloSi yoveli fraza erTimeorezea gadabmuli, radgan isini erTiani mdinaridan amodindebian. amitomacaa ase rTuli Semoqmedis bedi, romlisTvisac ar arsebobs mosveneba da aRar gikvirs, roca mas Tavis erT-erT leqsSi dascdeba: `me ganwiruli...~ mudmivi tanjva da SiSi masTan mudmivad enac vlebian erTmaneTs da isic Tavisi warmosaxviT ukve meramdened gaivlis enisa da STagonebis Tvaluwvdenel sivrces. erTgan wers: ùcnauri, auxsneli SiSi damCemda imisa, – erTxelac iqneba, momarjvebul kalams veRar davawvden ganiv rad dafenil furcels, romelic, Cemda gasagiJeblad, amotrialebul, dab la moqce ul varskvlavian cad iqceva da Tavisken damqaCavs. uecrad daikar geba manZi-lis yovelvari ganzomileba. Tavzardamcem usasrulobaSi gauTavebeli frena, im qaRaldiviT farfati momiwevs da de-damiwidan ganziduli verasdros veRarafers mivadgebi, rom Tundac irgvliv mimovixedo, sunTqvis Semkvreli, SemaSfo-

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Teblad gaxSirebuli gulisZgera davimSvido~.aq ar SeiZleba ar gagaxsendes frangi poetis stefan ma-

larmes krToma, SiSi da ridi TeTri furclis winaSe, romelic mis winaSe devs. rogorc didi dionise areopageli ganmartav-da: ùmaRlesi sibrZnis zRurbli, dafarulisa da RvTaebrivi idumalebis~ _ yoveli SesaZlo azris, ideisa Tu nebismieri sityvis jer gamouTqmeli samefo: ènis SesaZleblobis mijna~.

ase meCveneba, rom emzar kvitaiSvils ucTomeli gumani mi-uZRveba, berwi saukunis epoqaSi STagoneba iqidan amoxapos, sadac Tavad yofiereba iqceva mis maswavleblad, mokarnaxed, Tavad CasCurCulebs sityvebs, raTa Tavzardamcemi dumilis – poeziis dausabamo sauflos winaSe `SiSveli gonebis~ amara darCenili, bolos da bolos, martodmarto ar aRmoCndes.

amitomac TviT iseTi tragikuli aRqma, rogoricaa warsu-lis vermobruneba, masSi isev konkretul faqtebs _ bavSvo-bis xanis udardel da ufaqizes mogonebas `CaeWideba~. poeti gulisSemZvrel teqsts wers:

ìm dros vin dagibrunebs, berikaco Zabuno,

Relis piras, talaxSi, fexebi atyapuno –

WinWrisgan daSuSxuli Seni wvrili kanWebi...

aRar mova is Jami, amadac vitanjebi~.

leqsSi `ZilSi Cayolili~ dumilis gamouTqmeli samefos winaSe ganuzomeli SiSi, Tavzardamcemi da gamToSavi gancda poets pirdapir aqvs gadmocemuli:

`mesizmra wuxel – frTebi mqonda damZlavr okeanis, gaSlilis, Tavzemivfarfatebdi. wyals, unapiros,gaudioda mzeze laplapi,viqnevdi frTebs da ar Tavdeboda

manZili grZeli...~

albaT, dumilis stiqias rom moagavs, amitomac irCevs is drodadro mogzaurobas iq, sadac mas veravin icnobs, veravin Sexvdeba. es didze didi saidumloa Semoqmedis, Tumca is sul

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ubralod wers amis Sesaxeb da poetis SemaSfoTebel mdgo-mareobas ubralo sityviT àxirebiT~ niRbavs. aseTi dumilis stiqiaa misTvis didi italieli mxatvris paolo uCelos su-raTebis Savi fonic:

`gamaogneblad moqmedebs misi suraTebis Savi foni; unda gamovtyde, bevrjer mifiqria iq Camalva, gadakargva~; an: `vinmes SeiZleba kidevac gaukvirdes, axi rebad CamiTvalos – damalva gauCinareba rom momindeba, vimeoreb, xelad uCelos gadaSavebul Rameebs mivaSureb xolme da myisve vqrebi. ara, Tvals ar ZaluZs maSin Cemi danaxva, SemCneva, aRaravisTvis ar varsebob~.

poetis maRali proza

uiliam folkneri erTgan wers, rom romanisti, rogorc wesi, jer poeziaSi cdis beds. aq rom xeli moecareba, novelis daweras Seecdeba, magram Tu aqac fiaskos ganicdis, maSin ukve moTxrobaze gadava da bolos, uiRblo Semoqmedi roman-is Janrs CaebRauWeba.

amiT is aris naTqvami, rom yoveli literaturuli Janris Tavwyaro, pirvel mizezi poeziaa, amitomac poeziis ganmarte-ba iseve Wirs, rogorc am pirvelmizezisa.

Cven TiTqos mudmivad gvkarnaxobs gumani, rom poeziaSi Casaidumloebulia samyaros gulisguli, radgan masSi Zevs samyaros is dafaruli mSveniereba, romelzedac heraklite werda: ùxilavi harmonia ufro srulqmnilia, vidre xilu-li~, anu poeziaSi, poetur enaSi ufro metad gancxaddeba samyaros sazrisi, RvTaebrivi srulyofilebis brwyinvaleba da azri, vidre xiluli samyaros lamaz sagnebSi. masSi xom, rogorc Zvirfas qvebSi, am `mcire teritoriaze~ ganTavse-bulia RvTaebrivi gamonaSuqis mexsiereba. magram am skivris, am RvTaebrivi instrumentis _ enis gasaRebi poets ufro xSirad maSin aRmoaCndeba, roca Seyvarebulia, an roca siy-varulis ganuzomel Zalasa da misgan warmomdgar aRmafrenas SeigrZnobs.

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emzar kvitaiSvili STagonebis elvare bilikze ganfenil siyvaruls, rogorc wesi, sikvdilis karibWesTan egebeba. erTi filosofosi ambobs, Talesis mier aRweril samyaroSi nebismieri saganis miRma wyals aRmoaCenTo. analogiurad SeiZleba iTqvas: galaktionis yoveli Sedevris iqiT misi me-gobris sikvdilis Tavzardamcemi uwyeba ikiTxeba. magram Tu genialuri poeti galaktion tabiZe Tavisi leqsis sabab-mizezs, uaxloesi adamianis sikvdils àsaidumloebs~, bo-lomde malavs, poeti-lirikosi emzar kvitaiSvili piriqiT, isev da isev eWideba Tavisi mwuxarebis mizezs da arasodes iviwyebs, arasodes `Sordeba~, piriqiT, misi gardacvlili megobris yoveli cxovrebiseuli detali konkretuli ambiT gadmoicema: `Cemi bunebis gamo, gardacvlilebze glova, maTi gamotireba mTavar Temad meqca da ara mgonia, am gzidan rod-isme gadavuxvio~.

ase `miacileben~ mas Tavisi aw gardacvlili megobrebi STagonebamde da ase iqmneba misi mogoneba-Canawerebi. ami-tomacaa, rom masTan Txroba, es mogoneba-Canawerebi poeziis erT: `mze rom maRla aiwevs da kargad moTendeba, dila moi-Tendeba, SaSvis galoba aRar ismis (sxeuliT grZnobs dros, moaxlebuli gaTiadis daCqareba uyvars da maSin isinjavs, aaC-qamebs xolme xmas. maSin ufro xalisiania.). SaSvis keTilSobi-luri galobis Semdeg beRuras sulmouTqmeli, usmeno JRavi-li, rasac galobas verafriT ver daarqmev, ise JRers da Cans, brolis navisebur vazaSi talRa-talRad Cagorglili giSris mZivs uferuli, gamoxunebuli qviSa rom Seurio~.

mis prozaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki eseistikaSi erTmaneTs erw-ymis, eduRabeba bavSvobis mogoneba, buneba, rogorc dafaru-li RmerTis saxis vlena-Cena da aseve am uaRresad erudirebu-li, farTo Tvalsawieris adamianis uCveulo reminescenciebi xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargSi. swored es farTo Tvalsawieri da masStabur xedvasTan Serwymuli poeturoba ganapirobebs am urTulesi Janris mTel xibls emzar kvitaiSvilTan.

poeziis Sesaxeb erTgan wers: `bevrjer davrwmunebulvar _ yels rac uecrad moawveba da mogeZaleba, es aris poezia.

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nafleT-nafleTad rom wamovides am ganwyobilebas moyoli-li striqonebi, umal unda CainiSno da mere gaamTliano~.

udaod, es STagonebis movardna, es impulsuri azrovne-ba Tu grZnobis `gamonaTeba~ misi prozis SemTxvevaSic unda vigulisxmoT.

emzar kvitaiSvilis poeziasa da prozaSi SeigrZnoba is pirvelyofili Zalmosileba, romlis iqiTac sisxlisa da mi-wis siaxlove ìkiTxeba~. teqstis moqniloba da daxvewiloba ki Tanamdevia dausabamo swrafvisa cisken, romelic yovelT-vis ismineba mis teqstebSi, rogorc raRac faruli melodia.

giorgi leoniZis gardacvalebasTan dakavSirebiT aseTi Canaweri aqvs gakeTebuli: `megona, veeba, laJvards naCve-vi frTebi dasTrevda. ase dahyureben gigantur frinvels, tyvianakravs, xriok flateze davardnils, romlis tansa da mowyvetil fexebs nel-nela ecleba siTbo, magram jer kidev SerCenia Jruantelis damcemi grili sigrile~. an: ùmTvaro Rame iyo. ezos siRrmidan zarnaSos monotonuri, gulisgam-pobi kvnesa moismoda. am mistikuri eldiT savse gauTavebelma qviTinma Semawuxa, dabla Cavedi. Zewnasa Tu fSatis xes mivad-eqi da totze Semomjdari muqi landis dasafrTxobad gaqvave-buli belti avisrole. Ramis frinveli, Rameze uSavesi frTe-bis farfatiT gadaikarga sadRac~.

vinc ase Tu icnobs mis prozaul Canawerebs, kargad icis, rom es amonaridi arafriT ar aris gamorCeuli sxva _ misi mistikuri WvretiT aRsavse Canawerebisgan. misi kiTxva Cven Tavad poetis im vizionerul WvretaSi `Cagvagdebs~, romel-Sic SeiZleba d. t. suZukis mier aRwerili adamianis uCveulo mdgomareoba _ satoris buneba amovicnoT. satori cnobiere-bis gansakuTrebuli mdgomareobaa, `romlis drosac adami-anis cnobiereba ukidures zeaRmavlobas, egzaltacias aRw-evs. satori adamianis umaRlesi sulieri sinaTlea~.

erTgan emzar kvitaiSvili wers: ̀ wlebis matebasTan erTad, sul ufro da ufro meZaleba dauokebeli survili, kudSi vwvde, namcec-namcec aRvadgino da gavacocxlo is, ramac didi xnis win Caiqrola, udabnos yviTel silasaviT datri-

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alebuli drois morevSi samudamod gauCinarda~. an iqve: `vc-dilob fergadasul, mtverwayril dReebsa da fanjris minaze gacrecil Rameebs rogorme pirvandeli ieri davubruno~.

SeiZleba zerele mkiTxvels moeCvenos, rom masSi sulac ar igrZnoba is majiscema, romelic Tanamedrove TvalTaxed-visTvisaa niSneuli. magram isec xdeba, rom igi moulodnelad, amis sapirispirod, ise kiTxulobs am teqsts, rom andre mo-ruas mier marsel prustze gamoTqmul mosazrebasTan Tanxve-dras aRmoa Ce ns: `drois namdvili SegrZneba da warsulis ga-cocxleba sruliadac ar xdeba go ebrivi aRqmis saSualebiT. amisTvis aucilebelia aRdgena uneblie mogone biT~.

emzar kvitaiSvilis am, erTi SexedviT, mouwesrigebel naw-erebSi Cven uTuod aRmovaCenT im `mwyobr wesrigs~, romelic ase niSneulia ukve momxdaris intuituri gamoxmobisTvis, mogonebaTa asociaciuri jaWvisTvis. emzar kvitaiSvilis uneblie mogonebiT akinZuli proza erTi gabmuli, mSvenieri melodiaa, romlis Seswavlac da Sefasebac momavlis saqmea.

mis SemoqmedebaSi ikiTxeba warmosaxviTi mWvretelobis is Zala, romelze dac edmund huserli ambobs: `warmosaxviT-ma mWvretelobam SeiZleba ganaxor cielos wminda arsTa gan-Wvreta mogonebis, mxatvruli Txzvis, reli giuri aqtebisa da sxva msgavsi mocemulobebis ìdeirebis~ meSveobiT~.da aqve: `WeSma tebis saxe aris is, rac man gviCvena, gamogviCina, gamog-vimJRavna ìntuiciaSi~.

Cems eseis misi im amonaridiT davasruleb, romelSic emzar kvitaiSvilis Semoqmedebis umTavresi niSani _ maxvili intuicia da bunebis xmasTan gadabmuloba ikiTxeba: ̀ mudam ga-lursuli, monusxuli vusmen imaT (SaSvebis – J. s.) amouwurav, nair-nair hangebze gawyobil galobas. naklebad manaRvlebs, rom saRamoTi, mzis Casvlisas, mowyenilebi arian. maTgan me-Zleva ulevi, mxneobis Camnergavi Zala. uimaTod yofna, arse-boba verasgziT ver warmomidgenia~.

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x e l o v n e b a

xaTuna xabuliani

konteqstebis gadakveTazegia eZgveraZis ramdenime proeqtis Sesaxeb

artistuli aqtivobisa da konteqstis urTierTqmedebebi uaxlesi xelovnebis istoriaSi, kerZod 1990-iani wlebidan, Tanamedrove xelovnebis amocanebis gansazRvris da misi sa-zogadoebasTan kavSiris xarisxis fonze ganixileba. Tana-medrove kvlevebsa da uSualod art namuSevrebSi TiTqmis yovelTvis igulisxmeba 60-70-iani wlebis aqtualuri xe-lovnebis gamocdileba da maTi kritikuli analizi, romelic am periodis xelovnebis pretenziebs exeba sociumTan urT-ierTobebisa da masSi cvlilebebis gamowvevis Sesaxeb. con-temporary art aris politikuri proeqti, romelic sociumTan kavSirisa da urTierTobebis specifiuri prezentaciebiT vlindeba. nikola burio Tavis „relacionalur esTetikaSi“ xelovnebas gansazRvravs rogorc Sejaxebis mdgomareobas, roca art namuSevris roli aRar mdgomareobs warmosaxviT da utopiuri realobis formirebaSi, aramed is iqceva cxovre-bis wesad da moqmedebis modelad arsebul realobaSi, sadac „arti, romelic Tavis Teoriul horizontad ufro adami-anur interaqcias da mis socialur konteqsts irCevs, vidre damoukidebeli da privatuli simboluri sivrcis dacvas“.* xelovneba pirdapir moqmedebaSi realobasTan TavisTavad aqtualurs xdis sazRvrebis Temas, artistis SesaZleblobe-bisa da sociumSi misi funqciis sakiTxebs. gia eZgveraZis art

* Nicolas Bourriaud. Relational Aesthetics. Translated by Simon Pleasance & Fronza Woods. Dijon: les Presses du réel, 2002.gv. .14.„..an art taking as its theoretical horizon the realm of human interactions and its social context, rather than the assertion of an independent and private symbolic space.“

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sistemaSi Tanamedrove xelovnebis problematikis TiTqmis yvela gadamwyvet punqtze arsebobs gacnobierebuli artis-tuli reaqcia, romelic exeba rogorc uSualod namuSevris Seqmnis proceduras, mis komunikacias realobasTan, aseve codnis gadacemis specifikasa da kulturisa da xelovnebis rTul urTierTdamokidebulebas. rac Seexeba konteqstis sakiTxs, aq mas gansakuTrebulad rTul hibridebTan mouxda muSaoba, ramdenadac misi biografia sabWoTa saqarTveloSi daiwyo da perestroikis periodis Semdeg dasavleTSi gadain-acvla. sruliad gansxvavebuli socialuri da kulturuli sistemebis urTierTgadakveTaze agebuli arti saintereso sakvlevi Temaa rogorc uSualod xelovanis konceptualuri xedvis gaTvaliswinebiT, ise zogadad, post totalitaruli istoriis artistuli ganviTarebebisa da saerTaSoriso art sivrcis procesebis fonzec.

* * *„gardamavali periodi“ aris zogadi mocemuloba, romel-

ic am terminis mravalmxrivi gagebiT ukve mesame aTwleulia aqtualuria qarTuli realobisTvis. adgilobrivi kulturis diskursi met-naklebi intensivobiT avlens am specifiuri mdgomareobis verbalizebul formebs. „Sualeduri“ mdgo-mareoba, roca raRac dasrulda, istoriad iqca da axali jer kidev ar dawyebula, erT-erTi mTavari Temaa gia eZveraZis xe-lovnebaSi da am TemiT is erTgvarad ukavSirdeba xsenebul adgilobriv konteqsts, romlisganac 1990-iani wlebidan dis-tancirebulia. is faqtobrivad wlebis manZilze ar monawileobda qarTul saxelovnebo procesebSi, Tumca adgi-lobriv art sivrceSi misi, rogorc „sazRvargareT mcxovrebi qarTveli artistis faqtori“ mainc aqtiurad figurirebda, bolo periodSi ki am scenis uSualo monawiled iqca;TbilisSi vizitis Semdeg (2014 wlis TebervalSi) gia eZgveraZis artis-tuli gamocdilebebis aRqma-gaazrebiT farTo auditoria dakavda. post-sabWoTa istoriis rTul procesebSi emigraci-is Tema da samSoblos gareT artistuli karieris Sesaqmnelad

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wasuli xelovanebi ar iyo iSviaTi movlena da es gansxvavde-boda im tipis emigraciisgan, roca magaliTad, evropeli xe-lovani SeiZleba amerikasa Tu iaponiaSi wavides sxvadasxva proeqtebze samuSaod, an ukeTesi sagalereo kontraqtis pi-robebis SemTxvevaSi; aq moZraoba mainc erT saerTaSoriso art sivrceSi xdeba. yofil socialistur qveynebSi ki xelo-vanebi, visac Tanamedrove xelovnebis sivrceSi muSaoba sur-daT, TiTqmis iZulebulni iyvnen amgvari gadawyvetileba mi-eRoT, radgan maT mSobliur garemoSi ar iyo sivrce contemporary art-is paradigmaSi momuSave mxatvrebisTvis. emig-raciis Sedegad isini sruliad gansxvavebul da ukve istori-isa da formirebuli instituciebis mqone sistemaSi xvdebod-nen, sadac gadasalaxi iyo gansakuTrebiT rTuli amocana _ ar dahyolodnen maT mimarT arsebuli stereotipul gan-wyobebze dafuZnebul molodinebs da ar qceuliyvnen tipi-ur postsabWoTa egzotikur mxatvrebad. gia eZgveraZe am mxriv erT-erTi gamorCeuli figuraa, romlis mxatvruli aq-tivoba Tanamedrove art samyaros sruluflebiani wevris poziciidan mimdinareobs. mocemul teqstSi aris mcdeloba misi ramdenime mniSvnelovani namuSevris struqtura ganvix-iloT inspiraciidan realizaciamde gavrcobil procesSi, rogorc konkretuli artistuli sistemis kanonzomierebeb-Si agebuli mxatvruli moqmedeba. ufro konkretulad ki SevCerdebiT ramdenime konceftis irgvliv ganviTarebul subieqtur gamocdilebaze, romlebic misi namuSevrebis vi-zualur Tu performatiul-aqcionistur ikonografias gan-sazRvraven. ZiriTadad es exeba zemoT xsenebul „Sualedur“ mdgomareobas, aseve ritualisa da abstragirebulad xedvis Temebs. mxatvris Teoriuli teqstebi, leqciebi da socialur qselebSi aqtivobis forma, rasakvirvelia misi zogadi stra-tegiis nawilia, sadac erT-erT mTavar punqtad yovelTvis Tanamedrove xelovnebis paradigmaSi moZraobis specifika da misi interpretacia rCeba. es faqtori misi Semoqmedebis pro-cedurul mxares warmoadgens. logikuri iqneba dasawyisis-Tvis Tu xedvis/aRqmis Temaze SevCerdebiT da gaviazrebT mis

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ganmsazRvrelebs dRevandel mocemulobaSi, ramdenadac „xe-dva“ (seeing) mxatvrobaSi modernis dadgomidan dRemde sruli-ad gansxvavebulia „xedvis“ im gagebisgan, romelic Tavis droze mimesisiT gansazRvrul xelovnebas gulisxmobda. hans beltingi saubrobs im problemaze, rac SeiZleba warmoiSvas, rodesac formebis ganxilvas idealTan mimarTebaSi ki ar vax-denT, aramed uSualod xedvidan gamomdinare. aq is meti sicx-adisaTvis violflinis im principebs moixseniebs, rogorebi-caa „Ria“ da „daxuruli“ formebi, romlebic „efuZnebian or fundamentur winapirobas: pirveli, rom xelovneba TavisTa-vad izRudeba erTgvari a priori sazRvrebiT; meore, es saz-Rvrebi SesabamisobaSia xedvis aseve SezRudul SesaZleb-lobebTan, romelic arsebobs rogorc fsiqologiuri da fsiqologiuri Sinaarsebis mqone“.* beltingis komentaris mixedviT es Tezisi violflinma Camoayaliba stilisturi epoqebis universaluri kriteriumiT gansazRvrisaTvis, roca is Tvlida, rom SesaZlebeli iyo „xedvisa da struqturis, in-terpretaciisa da xelovnebis srulyofili simetria“, magram aq problema ufro Rrmaa: „xedva udavod ara mxolod biolo-giuri pirobebidan xdeba, aramed ufro metad kulturul SeTanxmebebs asaxavs, romelic mokled rom vTqvaT, ar aixs-nebian Tvalis fizikuri struqturiT“.** modernis mdgomare-obaSi „kulturuli SeTanxmebebi“ xelovnebis sazRvrebis ga-farToebas da teqnikuri progresis Sedegebis gaziarebas gulisxmobda, Tumca jer kidev ar iyo gamokveTili sazRvre-bis sruliad gadaSla-gaqrobis post-modernistuli Tezisi. cvlilebis efeqti, romelic xedvis axali wesis gaCenam, anu modernma moitana, gia eZgveraZis erT-erT namuSevarSi sak-

* Heinrich Wölfflin. Principles of Art History: The Problem of the Development of Style in Later Art. Courier Dover Publications, 1950. gv..27„..are grounded on two fundamental premises: first, the art itself is circumscribed by certain a priori limits; second, that these limits correspond to equally limited possibilities of seeing, which exist as psychological and psychological contents.** Hans Belting. The end of the history of art? translated by Christopher S.Wood. The University of Chicago press. 1987 , gv.22. “Seeing is surely not merely derived from biological conditions, but rather reflects cultural conventions which, to put briefly, are not to be explained by the physi-cal structure of the eye.”

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maod rTul metaforad iyo naCvenebi. es aris instalacia _ „vis eSinia, CogburTis, seqsisa da sxva gasarTobebis“ (2007), romelic skulpturisa da kedlebze ganawilebuli akvareliT Sesrulebuli eqspresiuli seriisgan Sedgeboda. xis posta-ment-magidaze idga gadaWrili xaris fitulis nawili mxolod ukana fexebiT, mimagrebuli curiTa da gaxsnil mucelSi Cadgmuli sarkiT. TviTon avtori xaris arqetipul mniS-vnelobas modernistul revoluciasTan, udides gamonTa-visuflebul energiasTan aigivebs, xolo mis transformacias mewvel Zroxad ki modernistuli ideebisa da formebis eqs-ploataciasa da bazris produqtad qcevasTan: sarkiseburi zedapiri aireklavs aracnobieris kvlevis fonze agebul su-raTebs, romlebiTac maskultura manipulirebs. saTauri aseve simboluri aluziaa edvard elbis cnobil piesasTan _ „vis eSinia virjinia vulfis“, romelSic moqmedeba wyvilis urTierTobis kriziss, frustraciisa da nevrotuli ganw-yobebis fonze viTardeba. artistis figura gia eZgveraZis msoflmxedvelobaSi erTgvari profetia, daaxloebiT boisis modelis msgavsi, romelic Tavisi codnis-gamocdilebis ga-ziarebas iracionaluri gzebiT _ e.w. „auriT“ axerxebs. aq „auris“ mniSvneloba artistuli praqtikebisTvis ufro far-Tovdeba im azriT, rom es „araakademiuri“ termini modernis-tul kvlevebSi valter beniaminis epoqalur eseSi _ „xe-lovnebis nimuSi misi teqnikuri reproducirebadobis eraSi“* gamoCnda da iq istoriuli mxatvrobis, ferweruli „origina-lis“ mTavar ganmasxvavebel Tvisebad iyo dasaxelebuli, ti-raJirebuli gamosaxulebebisa Tu yofiTi obieqtebis (jer kidev axladgamoCenili redimeidebis saxiT) sapirispirod, romelTac es aura ar gaaCndaT. beniamini „originali“ namu-Sevris auris Zalas in unikalur SemoqmedebiT investicias ukavSirebs, romelic konkretuli dro-sivrciT ganzomile-baSi dagrovda avtorisa da misi qmnilebis urTierTobisas, namuSevris „Seqmnis“ procesSi. ramdenadac post modernis-

* Walter Benjamin. Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit. Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung. 1936.

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tul formatebSi muSaobisas imdeni dro da fizikuri Sexeba/xarjva ar sWirdebaT, ramdenic tradiciuli xelovnebis „au-ris mqone“ nimuSebis dros,* aq gansakuTrebul Rirebulebas iZens avtoris faqtori da amjerad Tavad misi aura, romelic am SemTxvevaSi xelovanis mTavari „namuSevaria“, anu artisti pirvel rigSi qmnis Tavis Tavs, ufro zustad mudmiv trans-formaciaSia da misi artistuli produqcia, romelic ganu-yofelia avtoris egzistencialuri arsisagan, aRbeWdilia am xarisxobrivi maCvenebliT. Tu am rakursiT wavikiTxavT gia eZgveraZis namuSevrebs, swored es xarisxobrivi ganmsaz-Rvreli iqneba proeqtis mravalSrianobis ganmsazRvreli „pa-tarZalis“ SemTxvevaSi. es proeqti „Sualeduri“ mdgomareo-bis gaazrebazea koncentrirebuli, _ avtoris TqmiT „patarZali“ ucnauri socialuri statusis matarebeli per-sonaa, romelic ukve aRar ekuTvnis Tavis ojaxs da jer axali ojaxis wevric ar gamxdara. am fenomenis artistuli gaazreba mTavar konceftad SenarCunda gia eZgveraZis ikonur namu-SevrebSi, romelic droSi gavrcobil dausrulebel perfor-mansSi grZeldeba da mudmivad ganaxlebadia sxvadasxva konk-retuli momentisTvis, _ sxvadasxva drois dokumentaciaSi es aris TviTon artisti qalis kabaSi; erTi SexedviT damab-neveli moulodneloba, _ groteskulobisa da absurdis notebiTa da ironiuli aqcentirebiT agebuli karnavaluri ganzomilebisa im gagebiT, roca irRveva arsebuli wesrigi Tavisi socialuri kavSirebiTa da politikuri institucie-biT da yvelaferi „Tavdayira“ dgeba. moulodnelobisa da ab-surdis xarisxis kontrastuloba empiriul konteqstis gad-akveTaze gia eZgveraZis Semoqmedebis strategiis mTavari punqtia, rasac mudmivad zustad gaTvlili sqemiTa da utyu-ari efeqturobiT axorcielebs calkeuli namuSevrebis rTu-li struqturis miuxedavad da e.w. „dinebis sawinaaRmdegod curvisas“. „me jer kidev axalgazrda var“ (“I Am Still Young”),

* stereotipul Sexedulebas, rom multimediur namuSevrebSi ufro naklebi Sroma ixarjeba, vidre tradiciuli dazguri ferweris Sesrulebis dros, xSirad ganixilavs boris groisi Tavis teqstebSi. (avt.SeniSvna).

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1995 (160X120 photo on aluminum) _ artisti „bretelebian“ sara-fanSi ukiduresad gaxsnili TviTprezentaciiT gamodis, im-denad aqcentirebulia daucveloba, romelic TiTqmis Segnebul TviTSewirvaze Tanxmobas gamoxatavs, rom momenta-lurad gaaneitralebs nebismier SesaZlo konfrontacias, rac SeiZleba garedan modiodes. es erTgvarad orTodoqsu-li ganmaiaraRebeli morCileba da mzadyofna yvelafris (ar-sebuli samyaros mocemulobis) miRebisaTvis gia eZgveraZis artisTvis saxasiaTo „metafizikur askezas“ gansazRvravs, romelzec saubrobs boris groisi werilSi „art asketi“da romelic misi azriT am xelovans avangardis tradiciasTan akavSirebs: „avangardis xelovneba agrZelebs did metafizi-kur platonur-qristianul tradicias. am tradiciaSi surT miaRwion sulis ukvdavebas da amitomac askezis meSveobiT ganicdian mistikur sikvdils, sulis nulovan mdgomareobas, riTic sakuTar Tavs yvelaferi adamianurisgan aTavisufle-ben. es metafizikuri askeza gamosavals reduqciaSi poulobs, romelic avangardis mTavar meTods Seadgens.“* Sedegad miRe-buli rafinirebuli minimalizmis garda eZgveraZis artSi erTi movlenisa Tu obieqtis arsze koncentrireba realobis mudmiv amoqmedebaSi, mis ‘SiSvlad“ warmodgenaSi sruldeba. „patarZlis“ Sualeduri „pasiuri“ mdgomareoba sakmaod kate-goriuli SekiTxviT arRvevs fsevdo idilias da es ukanaskneli parodiiT dekonstruirebuli rCeba. gzavnili-SekiTxva ase JRers: „me jer kidev axalgazrda var, jan-RoniT savse imisT-vis, rom Sevcvalo raRac. magram ra Sevcvalo? („I am still young, full of strength to change something. But what to change?..”). zogadad artisti gia eZgveraZe “SekiTxvebze“ muSaobs, isini zogjer Riaa, zogan ki „SeniRbuli“. „patarZali“ _ SekiTxva burJu-

* Boris Groys. “Art Asket. Gia Edzgveradze.“ Kunstforum, Bd.142, 1998, s.140 „Искусство авангарда является последователем большой метафизической, платоновско-христианской традиции. В этой традиции желают достичь бессмертия души, потому и переживают посредством аскезы мистическую смерть, нулевое состояние души, освобож-дая тем самым себя от всего человеческого.Эта метафизическая аскеза находит свой разрешение в редукции, которая представляет собой главный метод авангарда.“

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aziuli stereotipebis kritikuli gaazrebiT arRvevs „momav-lis“ utopias, sadac „axali da bednieri cxovreba iwyeba, _ yvelaferi Seicvleba, ukeTesi gaxdeba“. meore aluzia aq diu-Sanis erT-erTi urTulesi struqturis namuSevarTan midis. saubaria namuSevarze _ „didi SuSa. (patarZali gaxdili mar-toxela mamakacebis mier, Tundac)“ (The Large Glass.The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even), romelzec avtori 1915-1923 wlebSi muSaobda. erT-erTi interpretatori janis minki mas-Si asaxul winaaRmdegobriobas gansxvavebuli sqesebis sur-vilebis araTanxvdenaSi xedavs“: „didi SuSa iwodeba siyvaru-lis manqanad, magram is faqtobrivad ufro tanjvis manqanaa. misi zeda da qveda areebi erTmaneTisgan samudamod gan-calkevebulia im sivrciT, romelic „patarZlis tansacmeliT“ aris moniSnuli. patarZali TiTqos Tokze hkidia izolire-bul galiaSi, an jvarcmulia. martoxela mamakacebi qvemoT rCebian, romelTac mxolod masturbaciis agonia darCeniaT.“* patarZali gia eZgveraZis artSi gansxvavebuli kulturuli konteqstis fonze _ seqsualuri revoluciebisa da gende-ruli kvlevebis ukve mniSvnelovani resursis gaTvalis-winebiT (rac diuSanis namuSevris Sesrulebis dros jer kidev Tavis adreul stadiaze imyofeboda) sxva JReradobas iZens, _ Tundac imis gamo, rom qalis kostiumSi Cacmuli mamakaci imdenad Sokismomgvreli fantazia aRar aris, rogorc es da-das da siurrealizmis pirveli praqtikebis dros iyo. gen-deruli ritorika aq naklebad aqtualuria, patarZlis kaba ki ufro uniformaa, romelic zogadad skeptikuria xsenebuli ritorikis mimarT (janis minkis komentari) da im kulturul ganzomilebaSi muSaobs, sadac sqesi analizis kategoria aRar aris. „Sualeduri“ mdgomareobis problematika yvelas Tan-abrad exeba, ufro „demokratiulia“, xolo avtori ki vrcel

* Janis Mink. Marcel Duchamp, 1887-1968: Art as Anti-Art. Köln: Taschen, 2004. “The Large Glass has been called a love machine, but it is actually a machine of suffering. Its upper and low-er realms are separated from each other forever by a horizon designated as the ‘bride’s clothes.’ The bride is hanging, perhaps from a rope, in an isolated cage, or crucified. The bachelors remain below, left only with the possibility of churning, agonized masturbation.”

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monografiaSi „Welcome foam-farewell human”* Tanamedrove mxat-vruli procesebis misamarTiT gamoTqvams kiTxva-mosazrebas: _ „mTavari sakiTxia Tu Tanamedrove drois moxazulobebi rogor warmoadgenen momavlis saxes da ras niSnavs momavali dRes?“** momavlis suraTebis amsaxveli mxatvruli fantazie-bis istoriis udidesi nawili esqatologiur-apokaliptur xatebsa da utopiuri samyaroebis modelebis sazRvrebs So-ris monacvleobs, post itoriul xanaSi ki iluziis survilis dakargva da globalizaciis Seuqcevadi Sedegebis ganxilva gaxda aqtualuri: “faqtobrivad globalizacia fataluria universalurisTvis. universaluri dinamika rogorc tran-scendenturoba, idealuri mizani Tu utopia wyvets arse-bobas rogorc is, rac miRweulia. Rirebulebebis globa-lizaciT sruldeba Rirebulebebis universaluroba. es aris erTpolusiani azrovnebis triumfi universalur azrovneba-ze... rac xdeba universaluris globalurad gadaqcevisas, es aris infinitumis sistemis erTdrouli homogenizacia da fragmentacia“.*** Jan boriaris msjeloba am teqstSi grZeldeba xsenebul homogenizaciaze gamovlenili reaqciebis ganxil-viT, romelic erTgvari singularobis amboxia da sxvadasx-vagvarad vlindeba, negatiuradac da pozitiuradac. „singu-larobis amboxi“ _ SeasZloa yvelaze metad Sesabamisi aRmoCndes gia eZgveraZis artis arsis gansazRvrisTvis, ram-denadac is mudmiv konfrontaciaSia meinstrimul proces-ebTan, romelze refleqsirebis daskvna-mosazrebebs aseve gamoTqvams vizualuri proeqtebis paralelurad: „Cven ax-

* Gia Edzgveradze. Welcome foam-farewell human. Hatje Cantz Verlag. 2009.**„The major question is how the outlines of the history of modern times designed the image „The major question is how the outlines of the history of modern times designed the image of the future today and what does the future signify now?” Gia Edzgveradze. Welcome foam-farewell human. Hatje Cantz Verlag. 2009. gv. 221.*** Jean Baudrillard.”From the Universal to the Singular: The Violence of the Global.” The Future Of Values: 21st-Century Talks. (edited by Jerome Binde). Unesco and Berghan Books, Oxford (2004).p. 19-20 –„In fact, globalization is fatal to the universal. The dynamic of the universal as transcendence, an ideal goal or utopia, ceases to exist as such once it is achieved. The globalization of values puts an end to the universality of values. it is the triumph of unipolar thought over universal thinking....what happens, with the transition from the universal to global, is a simultaneous ho-mogenization and fragmentation of the system of infinitum.”

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laxans gaviazreT, rom obieqti gaiSala aRmniSvnelis SigniT da rom sagans brikolaJis struqtura aqvs im SesaZleblobis gareSe, rom is wminda da monogamiur fenomenad iqces“.* „pa-tarZali“ , romelic groteskulad iWreba sxvadasxva situa-ciebsa da konteqstebSi, Tavisi deteritorizaciiT gadaiqce-va „obieqtis gaSlis“ ilustraciad, _ is ar aris im kategoriis xelovneba, romelic Tavisi arsiT puristulia, daculia sxva elementebis Carevisgan da mxolod garkveuli msoflmxedvelobis principebis dacvazea koncentrirebuli, anu myari aRmniSvnelis Zalauflebas emorCileba: _ `patar-Zlis teqstis Targmna marTlac Zneli saqmea. es teqsti gamo-qveynebulia inglisur, germanul, italiur, ungrul, rusul enebze da amrigad, albaT ukve droa, qarTvelebic gaecnon mas.

upirveles yovlisa, Targmans gansakuTrebuli toni arTulebs. mTavari gmiri cota Senelebulia, cota Seuvali, namdvilad Rirseuli da aseve Sepyrobili _ Sepyrobili uaryofiT _ da araa Tanaxma imaze, rom im koncefciis nawili iyos, romelsac „patara adamianur qmnilebas~ uwodeben. is krebiTi saxea unikaluri fenomenisa _ gansakuTrebuli dasavluri cnobierebis wesisa; misi daxvewili mgZnobiaro-biT, usasrulo orWofobiT, Ziebis wyurviliT da warumateb-lobisTvis ganwirulobiT.

am teqstis Targmanis meore Zireuli problema isaa, rom qarTuli versia saxifaTod sentimentaluri an metismetad romantikuli SeiZleba iyos. sul piriqiT: Targmani mSrali da, me vityodi, sruliad asketuri unda iyos. man SeiZleba warmateba mogvitanos.”**

„patarZalis“ ambivalenturoba, _ erTi mxriv gaurkvev-loba-daucveloba da meore mxriv ukiduresi gaxsniloba ne-bismieri axali funqciis miRebisa da Tavze aRebisaTvis (misi, rogorc proeqtisTvis sivrcis gafarToebaze), qmediTia

* just recently we realized that object has dissolved within the signifier and that subject has a nature of a mere bricolage without the chance to transform itself into a pure and monogamous phenomena. 222 (qarTuli Targm. x. xabuliani).** S. SaverdaSvili. interviu gia eZgveraZesTan. cxeli Sokoladi.# № 13.2006.Tbilisi.

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da ukve realizebuli versiebi _ foto-imiji, performansi kibeze yru kedlis win, Tu xalxmraval adgilas „SeWra“, mxo-lod ramdenime variantia im usasrulo SesaZleblobebidan, rac momavalSi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes, an Tundac SesaZle-blobad darCes. Tu „patarZali“ _ foto imiji konceftis pr-ezentaciis SedarebiT lakonuri formaa, performansis for-matSi is ufro rTul struqturaSi gadadis, _ kibeze asuli artisti-patarZali cariel da maRali kedliT izolirebul sivrceSi „uxilav“ auditorias umeorebs „It is beutiful”. „mSve-niereba“ gansakuTrebiT ironiulad da umeteswilad „uad-gilod“ gaismis Tanamedrove xelovnebis konteqstSi, sadac xelovanis mTavari sagani is didi xania aRar aris da piriqiTac, avangarduli tradiciis gaTvaliswinebiT sakmaod didi xnis manZilze artistebi valdebuladac ki Tvlidnen Tavs ‘mSve-nierebis“ idealebze mijaWvuloba gaakritikebinaT rogorc burJuaziuli Rirebuleba, an saerTod ignorireba gaekeTebi-naT misTvis (gansakuTrebiT agresiuli midgoma ki modernis-tuli xelovnebis istoriis dasawyisisTvis iyo damaxasiaTe-beli). performatiul praqtikaSi marina abramoviCis “art must be beautiful” (1975), _ erT-erTi mniSvnelovani performansi, Ria manifests warmoadgenda xelovnebis gaTavisuflebis moTxovniT burJuaziuli kliSeebisa da silamazis profanu-li gagebisagan. artistebis nawili pirdapir gamoxatuli ziz-RiT reagirebs mSvenierebis xorciel-mgrZnobiare gagebaze, mag. rona pondikma Tavisi agresiuli instalacia `patara mobanaveebi“ _ vardisferi vaSlebiT, romelTac Ria kbilebi-ani pirebi aqvT, renuaris vardisfer-sadafisebur sxeulebs daukavSira, romlebic masSi agresias iwvevdnen: „es iyo daax-loebiT 1990 wels. viRacam wamiyvana renuaris mobanaveebis sanaxavad da me ver avitane is. aq aris imgvari vardisferi, romelic ivaraudeba rogorc grZnobieri da macdunebeli da es maRizianebda... vifiqre, rom gavakeTebdi namuSevars, romelic amas gadmoscemda“.*

* “It was around 1990. Someone took me to see a show of Renoir’s Bathers and I hated it. There is this use of pink and it’s supposed to be seductive and sensual and I put my

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gia eZgveraZis am orazrovan TamaSSi mSvenierebis kon-ceftis sworxazovani gageba da am konceftis aseve sworxazo-vani uaryofac kiTxvis qveS dgeba da „mSvenierebis“ cnebis erTgvari deteritoriziaciac xdeba, - „mSvenieri“ SeiZleba sxva Sinaarssac atarebdes, is sxva ramec SeiZleba iyos ilu-zoruli idealebisa da yalbi fantaziebis gansxeulebis gar-da. artistis mier uwyvetad, damarcvliT gameorebuli „It is beutiful” am aRmniSvnelis tradiciul monoliTurobasa da kat-egoriul pretenziebs arRvevs, anawevrebs sxva SesaZleblobe-bad, axal Sinaarsebad da modifikaciebad. rizomis sistemis aRwerisas Jil deliozi da feliqs gvatari weren, rom nebis-mieri bunebis semiotikur rgolebi dakavSirebulia kodire-bis sruliad gansxvavebul meTodebTan, iqneba es biologi-uri, politikuri, ekonomikuri da a.s., sadac sxvadasxva niSnebis ara mxolod registrebi monawileoben, aramed sagan-Ta mdgomareobebic.* rizomatuli sistemis mravalSrianoba da interpretaciaTa didi veli warmoadgens realobas, sadac gia eZgveraZis namuSevrebi „muSaoben“, sagnebi da sityvebi mudmiv transformaciaSi imyofebian: “erTxelac Cven aRmova-CenT, rom yvela sagani, Cveni CaTvliT daitboreba yofiere-biT. Cvens irgvliv yvelaferi gaiRviZebs da amoZravdeba da Cven SevigrZnobT formebis upirobo siuxvis egzistencial-ur zvavs. am velur, arqaul, pirvelqmnil gancdaSi saxelebi da niSnebi haerSi gaqrebian, Searyeven Cvens „ganWvretilobis“ sifrifana miTebs, gagvZarcvaven SesaZleblobebisgan Sevqm-naT amgvari miTebi.“** miToSemoqmedebis alternativa aq sagne-bis ganzomilebaTa kvleva, maTi enis struqturuli sqemebis mocemulobebSi „mogzauroba“ da axali mniSvnelobebis aRmo-

teeth on edge.. I thought “I am going to do a piece that captures this” and that’s where Little Bathers came from.” Rona Pondick. Works – 1986-2001. Sonnabend press.2002. gv. 58.* Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari.A Thousand Plateaus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Translated by Brian Massumi. Bloomsbury Academic.2004.** „One fi ne day we will discover that all things, including ourselves, are inundated with being. „One fine day we will discover that all things, including ourselves, are inundated with being. Everything around us will awaken and stir and we will perceive the existential avalanche of an inconceivable wealth of forms descending upon us each moment. In this wild, archaic, primal ex-perience, names and signs will vanish into thin air, exploding the flimsy myths of our “insights” and robbing us of the chance to create such myths.“ Gia Edzgveradze. Welcome foam-farewell human. Hatje Cantz Verlag. 2009. p.112.

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Cena da verbalizaciaa, romelic uSualod exeba artistuli aqtivobis sazrisebs: sagnebis-faqturebis energetikuli da struqturuli maxasiaTeblebi axal alfavitebs qmnian axali teqstebisTvis. gia eZgveraZis leqsikonSi stafilo, brinji Tu balaxi specifiuri gzavnilebis nawilakebi maTi mniS-vnelobebis transformaciis Semdeg xdebian. sagnebTan dakav-Sirebuli Tavisufali asociaciebi maTi pirvandeli mniS-vnelobis dekonstruqciis Semdeg axal mocemulobebiT qmnian specifiur pirobebs, sadac „stafilo“ aRar aris stafilo da „brinji“ aRar aris brinji: “ramdenadac tradiciulad vaSls eleganturi makiaJi da mSvenierebis mantia akravs (amitomac daukavSira kacobriobam is codvas), stafilo rCeboda gul-wrfeli, marTali Tavis bunebriv formasTan da Riad aCveneb-da Tavis biologiur princips. is yovelTvis wmindad ire-klavda am oTaxis daxSul sibneles yovelgvari damaxinjebis gareSe. misi erotiuli potenciali Riad da SiSvlad vlinde-boda mis uxeS arqaul formaSi, romelic Cveni xangrZlivi is-toriis manZilze, gaigivebuli iyo penisTan. man droTa ganma-vlobaSi am samyaros sxva sagnebisgan gansxvavebiT ar ganicada kulturuli asimilacia, an esTetizacia. es Tvisebebi namd-vilad adasturebs stafilos sakralur rols iyos „samyaros mZlavri aso“, romelmac bolomde SeaRwia dedamiwis vaginaSi. misi siamaye ar ilaxeba maSinac ki, roca is mondomebiTa da Seuraxmyofeli JestiT aris Zaladobrivad amoZrobili am vaginidan. is ucvlelad eregirebuli rCeba fafuki bocvris kbilebSic ki.“* „stafilo“ am SemTxvevaSi, miuxedavad misi

* „While the apple, admittedly, has successfully put on elegant make-up and the shining robe of beauty (which is why mankind has accumulated its fair share of sin), the carrot has been hon-est, remained true to its natural shape and bluntly exposed its biological principle. It has always purely reflected the stale darkness of this room without any distortion. Openly and nakedly, its erotic potential has come out in its brutal archaic form which, through our long history, has become equated with penis. It has, in the course of time and unlike all the other objects in this world, defied cultural assimilation, or estheticization. These characteristics truly confirm the carrot’s sacred role of being “the mighty prick of the universe” which has entered the vagina of Mother Earth up to the hilt. Its pride is not even impaired by the scrupulous and insulting gesture of forcefully removing it from that vagina. It invariably remains erect, even between the teeth of the fluffy rabbit.” Gia Edzgveradze. Welcome foam-farewell human. Hatje Cantz Verlag. 2009. gv.112.

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garegnuli individualuri mkafioebisa, mainc gadamtani agen-tis rolSi rCeba im problemebis aqcentirebisTvis, romelic kulturul asimilaciasa Tu esTetizacias moicavs da vizua-luri xelovnebis enis SesaZleblobebsa da misi ganviTarebis sazRvrebs exeba. gia eZgveraZis mravalkomponentiani insta-lacia veneciis 50-e saerTaSoriso bienaleze 1997 wels, sta-filos konceftis Sinaarsebis garda moicavda brinjs, _ ada-mianis terfebis plastikur skulpturas, balaxian mols, ferwerebian panelsa da „koSks“, patarZlis fotos warweriT „I am still young.” namuSevari ruseTis pavilionSi iyo warmodge-nili, rogorc eqspoziciaSi CarTuli qarTuli proeqti. 1997 weli saqarTvelosTvis jer kidev Rrmad krizisuli periodi iyo, _ eTno-konfliqtebisa da samoqalaqo omis Semdgomi pe-riodis depresiiTa da ekonomiuri problemebiT. im droisT-vis qveyana verc ifiqrebda iseT masStabur proeqtSi mona-wileobaze, rogoric veneciis bienale iyo. arsebul realobaSi artists SesaZlebloba hqonda pavilionSi, ro-gorc qveynis pirobiT sivrceSi mTeli Tavisi artistuli resursiT emoqmeda da is SekiTxvebi Seetana, rac sxvadasxvag-varad waikiTxeboda bienales mocemulobaSi da mis mSobliur qveyanaSi kulturuli Tu sivrcobrivi distanciidan. proeq-tis saTauri „suraTi da damkvirvebeli/The picture and observer“, _ gamosaxulebisa da percefciis sirTules gamokveTs gan-sjis sakiTxad, iqneba am ori realobis konfliqti Tu SeTanx-mebuli TanamSromloba mocemul a priori diqotomiaSi, sadac Sida mode-lirebisTvis aranairi konkretuli sazRvari ar igulisxmeba. miuxedavad eqspoziciis erTi SexedviT minimal-isturi da mkacrad racionaluri gaazrebisa, faqturebis, sagnebis, aRmniSvnelebis farTo interpretaciis veli erT-gvarad qaoturic ki Cans mravalferovani energiis akumulirebis gamo; Sedegi gamoiyureba rogorc suraTi, ro-melic erTdroulad moicavs wesrigsa da qaoss. bienaleze naCvenebi instalaciis erTi nawili stafilo&brinjiT age-bul iatakis geometriul skulpturas ekava, _ stafilos ga-danawilebuli grovebiT SemosazRvruli „CarCos“ Sida swor-

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kuTxa farTobi mTlianad dafaruli iyo STambeWdavi raodenobis brinjiT. avtoris alfavitSi brinji iseve, ro-gorc sxva elementebi, rasakvirvelia gansakuTrebuli mniS-vnelobis mqone kodebis matarebelia. erTi mxriv is asocird-eba aRmosavluri kulturis simbolur niSnad, ritualsa Tu iracionaluri codnasa da meditaciur mdgomareobasTan, me-ore mxriv ki is avtorisTvis sainteresoa formisa da faq-turis, marcvlis specifiuri struqturis gamo, romelic kristals hgavs da abstragirebisas Zalian Sordeba misi, rogorc kvebiTi Rirebulebis mqone produqtis tradiciul mniSnelobas. ra Tqma unda, raodenobis Tema (marcvlis raode-nobis usasruloba) namuSevarSi aranaklebi mniSvnelobiskon-ceftia, romelic mogvianebiT sxva, Zalian popularul ar-tistul interpretaciaSic gamoCnda, _ igulisxmeba 2010 wels teitis turbina holSi ai veiveis erT-erTi cnobili in-stalacia „mzesumziras marcvlebi“. ra Tqma unda, raodeno-bis konceftis marcvlovani organuli produqtis meSveobiT gamoxatva sruliad gansxvavebul artistul sistemebSi Ta-namedrove xelovnebis enis matricis safuZvelzea aRmoce-nebuli da sainteresoa zustad ganmasxvavebeli elementebis gamo. marcvlebis masiT dafaruli veli orive SemTxvevaSi kulturis fundamentebs da nacionalur konteqstebs gu-lisxmobs, _ gia eZgveraZesTan is erTdroulad aRmosavluri meditaciuri praqtikebis gamocdilebac aris da aseve sim-bolur saqarTveloSi Setanili „humanitaruli daxmareba“ krizisis dros, _ amave dros „brinjis marcvali“ TavisTavad, substanciur struqturadac ganixileba, rogorc Rirebule-ba. ai veiveis mzesumzirebi keramikuli marcvlebia, saTiTaod xeliT moxatuli manufaqturebis xelosnebis didi ricxvis mier. moxatuli keramika Cinuri kulturis saidentifikacio niSania, nacionaluri brendi, raodenoba da erTgvarovneba Tavad naciis mravalricxovnebisa da Tanamedrove samyaroSi Cinuri produqciis siWarbis aRmniSvnelic. amasTan mzesumzi-ra konkretul istoriul periodsac ukavSirdeba. „ai veive-isTvis mzesumzira _ Cveuli quCis sasusnavi Cinur quCebSi,

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romelsac megobrebi erTad Seeqcevian, kulturuli revo-luciasTan (1966-67) dakavSirebul personalur asociaciebs iwvevs. roca individebs CamoarTves piradi Tavisufleba, propagandistul gamosaxulebebSi lideri mao rogorc mzes gamosaxavdnen xolme da adamianTa masas ki rogorc mis irgv-liv mbrunav mzesumzirebs.“* monaTesave konceftebis Sedare-biTi ganxilva sxvadasxva xelovanebTan, raakvirvelia sain-teresoa TviTon vazualuri xelovnebis enis struqturis, misi sakomunikacio niSnebis kvlevis TvalsazrisiT, konkre-tul SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa arafers matebdes Cvens mier ganxi-lul namuSevars, Tumca yoveli momdevno gamocdileba ufro gansazRvrulsa da mkafios xdis xolme mis winamorbedebs. da-vubrundeT kvlav gia eZgveraZis „suraTsa da damkvirvebels“, sadac brinjis vels stafilos koncefti emateba artistis leqsikonidan Tavisi Ria da SiSveli erotizmiT, TavnebobiTa da satiriseuli gulgrilobiT normebisadmi. stafilosa da brinjis veli centrSi adamianis terfebis skulpturiT siur-realistur xilvas hgavs, romelic garemoculia „iraciona-luri codnis momcveli Sifris“ Temebis pirobiTi gamosax-ulebebiT, _ kedlebze Tanabari zomis CarCoebSi Casmuli qaRaldebze Sesrulebuli kaligrafiuli imitaciebiT. in-stalaciis es nawili empiriuli kategoriebis miRma myof gan-zomilebad moCans, rogoric SeiZleba iyos veli stiqiaTa urTierTqmedebisTvis, sadac adamianuri neba verafers cv-lis da mxolod interpretaciis modelis arCeva SeuZlia. eqspoziciis foto dokumentaciaze Ria karidan Cans meore darbazi, sadac instalacia dramaturgiulad viTardeba konk-retuli elementebis damatebiT da Sesabamisad gazrdili daZabulobiT. sivrce-formis komunikaciis fonze (iaponuri tradiciuli interieris minimalisturi motivi _ Savi badiT dafaruli TeTri kedlebi da aseve sworkuTxa balaxis xaliCa

* “For Ai, sunflower seeds – a common Chinese street snack shared by friends – carry personal associations from the Cultural Revolution (1966-76). While individuals were stripped of per-olution (1966-76). While individuals were stripped of per-sonal freedom, propaganda images depicted Chairman Mao as the sun and the mass of people as sunflowers turning towards him.“ galerea Tate-is unformaciidan. 11.10.2010. http://www.dezeen.com/2010/10/11/sunflower-seeds-2010-by-ai-weiwei/

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iatakze. gazonis erT kidesTan ujrebiani „koSki“ oTxi su-raTiT, romlebic aRmosavluri kaligrafiuli stiliT aris moCarCoebuli, mxolod koncentrirebuli xedviT waikiTxeba monotonurad ganmeorebadi „O My God”, kuTxeSi „patarZali“ da balaxis fonze aseve kaligrafiuli CanarTi garfitis stilSi _ “My Father told me: I’ll fuck you.. You mother fucker bitch. So he did.” wina darbazis sruliad ganyenebuli-meditaciuri seg-mentis gverdiT aq ukve kontrastulad dakonkretebuli em-piriuli da Zlieri muxtis konfliqturi dramaa warmodgeni-li, romelic Tavisi destruqciuli motiviT da warmavalobis xazgasmiT, mTlianobaSi winaaRmdegobriobis, urTierTgamom-ricxavi dinebebis, warmavalisa da maradiulis ganuyofeli arsebobis suraTs qmnida. namuSevari Zalian gadatvirTuli Canda amdeni aqtualuri Temisa da gamocdilebis erTad Tav-moyriT. es erT-erTi mTavari maxasiaTebelia gia eZgveraZis _ artistis temperamentisaTvis, - misi eqspresiuli manera nebismieri gamovlineba artis ganzomilebaSi gadaiyvanos da saerTod sivrce ar dautovos profanul ganzomilebas, uw-yvet procesad Cans. am artistul sistemaSi ar aris sivrce, sadac moZraoba ar aris da procesi _ inetrpretaciaTa usas-rulo raodenobiT ar mimdinareobs. SesaZloa es gagebuli iqnes, rogorc „momavlis“ xedva, sadac xelovnebis funqcieb-is xelaxali gansazRvrebebis rigi vlindeba. meTodologiuri midgoma aq sagnidan/obieqtidan distancirebas gulisxmobs, gansakuTrebiT ki daSorebas am obieqtebze kulturiT dafiq-sirebuli da gamyarebuli aRmniSvnelebis sistemidan. gia eZgveraZis proeqtebi sagnidan da misi Cveuli konteqstidan maqsimalur distancirebaze arian agebuli, sagnebis irgvliv arsebuli istoriuli-kulturuli zednaSenebis dekon-struqcia maTi sasazRvro velSi, e.w. napralur mdgomareoba-Si gamotaniT. amgvarad iqmneba specifiuri, eqperimentuli veli, _ sivrce filosofiuri problemis gasaazreblad. „filosofiuri problema Cndeba roca wesebis sistemas dain-axav da aseve imasac, rom sagnebi mas ar Seesabamebian. es imas hgavs, roca roca xis jirks miaxloebisa da daSorebisas sxva-

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dasxva sagnebad aRviqvamT. Cven vuaxlovdebiT, vixsenebT wesebs da kmayofilebi varT, Semdeg ukan davixevT da daukmay-ofileblobas ganvicdiT.“* xedvis daaxloebiT amgvar sqemas aRwers gia eZgveraZe miunxenis samxatvro akademiaSi wakiTxul leqciis dros (11.10.2012), sadac is saubrobs kulturisa da xelovnebis urTerTmimarTebaze da paradoqsze, roca kul-tura da xelovneba sinonimebad aRiqmebian miuxedavad maTi arsobrivi winaaRmdegobisa. ritorika aq xelovnebis gaTa-visuflebaa kulturis mcdelobidan misi „moTviniereba“, sazRvrebSi moqceva moaxdinos: „savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom Cvenc ki, kulturul diskursSi CarTulebs da masSi siamovne-bis, dakmayofilebis, zogjer _ damSvidebis maZiebelT, dagvaviwyda, rom xelovneba yovelTvis metadaa dakavSirebu-li barbarosulTan (rodesac misi mzera warsulisakenaa mi-marTuli) da absurdulTan (roca igi win imzireba) vidre kulturulTan, rom igi yovelTvis garRvevaa, kulturul, saerTodac, yvela sazRvarTa miRma da rom amisaTvis safa-surs ixdian, da rom sazRauri, romliTac es garRveva moipov-eba, mudam namdvili sisxlia _ sisxli, romelsac kultura Semdgom umal Camorecxs.“ kulturisa da xelovnebis difer-enciacia aq TiTqmis analogiuria rolan bartis mier “Camera Lucida”-Si aRwerili gamosaxulebis cnobierebaze moqmedebis orgvari wesisa, romliTac is fotoebis klasifikacias gan-sazRvravs maT mier gamowveuli reqaciebis mixedviT. mocemu-lia ori modeli _ studium da punctum. „amaTgan studium“ aris moculoba, ganvrcoba velisa, romelic Cveulebrivad aRiqme-ba Cemi codnisa da kulturis farglebSi; es veli SeiZleba met-naklebad stilizebuli iyos gamomdinare fotografis ostatobisa da iRbalisa, magram mainc eqceva klasikuri in-formaciis blokSi... zogjer me isini maRelveben, magram maT-iT gamowveuli emocia Cveulebriv afeqts iwvevs, dakavSire-

* Wittgenstein’s Lectures, 1932 - 35, Edited by Alice Ambrose, publ. Blackwell, 1979. The 1932-33 Lecture notes, pp2 – 40 „Philosophical trouble arises through seeing a system of rules and seeing that things do not fit it. It is like advancing and retreating from a tree stump an see-ing different things. We go nearer, remember the rules, and feel satisfied, then retreat and feel dissatisfied.“

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buls garkveul wvrTnasTan... laTinurad es niSnavs `swavleba~-s, romelic niSnavs raRacaSi garkveulobas, ge-movnebas raRacis mimarT, raRac msgavss saerTo gulmodgine-bisa, romelic amaoa da Tan moklebulia gansakuTrebul simZa-fres... aqedan gamomdinare me vinteresdebi am fotoebiT rogorc kulturis miani...

meore nawili amsxvrevs studium-s. am dros me aRar mivdi-var mis saZieblad, rogorc studium-is vels efineboda Cemi suverenuli codna), _ is TviTon isariviT mofrinavs sceni-dan da gamgmiravs me. am Wrilobas, ganvsazRvravdi, rogorc punctum-s, romelic niSnavs nakbens, naxvrets, laqas, gaWrils, kamaTlebis srolasac ki da is fotoebic ̀ aRniSnulebi~ arian. es aRniSnuli wertilebi maTze zustad Wrilobebsa da niSnebs warmoadgenen. punctum fotografiaSi is SemTxvevaa, romelic mizanSi miRebs da amave dros mirtyams da tkivils mayenebs. stu-dium ekuTvnis rigs _ to like, ara to love-s. aq mobilizirebulia naxevar-survili, naxevar-neba; es gamouxatavi, gaprialebuli da upasuxismgeblo interesia, romelic aRmocendeba adami-anebTan, sanaxaobebTan, tansacmelsa da wignebTan mimarTe-baSi, romlebic iTvlebian “doned”. CaeZio _ studium-s, niSnavs fatalurad Seejaxo fotografis interesebs, aewyo masze, mogewonos, an ar mogewons, magram yovelTvis gesmodes is, msjelobde masze Sens TavTan, radgan kultura (romliskenac midis studium), _ es kontraqtia Semoqmedebsa da momxmare-blebs Soris..“* am sistemis mixedviT punctum aris TviTon xelovneba gia eZgveraZis artistul sistemaSi, romelic msx-verpls, sisxls iTxovs, is aris veluri, mouTvinierebeli, didwilad iracionaluri da mudmivad axladwarmoqmnili. misTvis percefciis es safexuri iwyeba mas Semdeg, rac xe-lovani Tavisi Tavis gacnobierebas iwyebs da acnobierebs sakuTar Tavs pirobiTobebSi. es erTgvari gamoRviZeba aris xelovnebis onTologiuri xedvis dasawyisi da daSoreba im mocemulobasTan, sadac is kulturis produqtad aRiqmeba.

* xaTuna xabuliani.rolan bartis „naTeli oTaxi“. foto-amarta. № #2. 2008.gv.66-69(citata)

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Gia Edzgveradze. Welcome foam-farewell human. Hatje Cantz Verlag. 2009. Nicolas Bourriaud. Relational Aesthetics. Translated by Simon Pleasance & Fronza

Woods. Dijon: les Presses du réel, 2002 Hans Belting. The end of the history of art? translated by Christopher S.Wood. The

University of Chicago press. 1987.Walter Benjamin. Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit.

Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung. 1936. Boris Groys. “Art Asket. Gia Edzgveradze.“ Kunstforum, Bd.142, 1998, s.140.Janis Mink. Marcel Duchamp, 1887-1968: Art as Anti-Art. Köln: Taschen, 2004S. SaverdaSvili. interviu gia eZgveraZesTan. cxeli Sokoladi. №#13.2006.Tbilisi. Jean Baudrillard.”From the Universal to the Singular: The Violence of the Global.” The

Future Of Values: 21st-Century Talks. (edited by Jerome Binde). Unesco and Berghan Books, Oxford (2004).

Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari.A Thousand Plateaus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Translated by Brian Massumi. Bloomsbury Academic.2004.

Wittgenstein’s Lectures, 1932 - 35, Edited by Alice Ambrose, publ. Blackwell, 1979. The 1932-33 Lecture notes, pp2 – 40.

Roland Barthes. Camera Lucida. New York: Hill and Wang, 1981.

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levan WotorliSvili*

Jil deliozi da kino rogorc moZraobis metafizika

`rogor vifilosofosoT CaquCiT~ fridrix nicSes erT-erTi bolo nawarmoebia. marTalia, naklebad cnobili, vidre `zaratustra~, magram aranakleb mniSvnelovani. teqstis das-rulebis Semdeg, faqtiurad, meti araferi dauweria. male saavadmyofoSi moxvda da iq daasrula sicocxle. garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, es nawarmoebi nicSes anderZia, romelSic igi misTvis damaxasiaTebeli aforistuli maneriT ganvlil gzas ajamebs da rCevis saxiT gvaswavlis, Tu rogor unda vi-azrovnoT CaquCiT. nicSe wers, rom moazrovne adamians xelSi CaquCi unda eWiros da unda urtyamdes `kerpebs~, amsxvrevdes mcdar da Sinaarsisagan daclil privilegirebul warmod-genebs, romlebic Cven xSirad aprioruli WeSmariteba gvgo-nia. sinamdvileSi am warmodgenebma, Cveni inteleqtualuri sizarmacis, konformizmis Tu TviTgadarCenis instiqtis gamo droebiT moipoves dominanturi pozicia. `CaquCis kakuniT~ SegviZlia movisminoT xma, romelsac sicariele da cru, Ffu-Ruro adamianebi gamoscemen, gavTavisufldeT dagrovili si-yalbisgan da davubrundeT imanentur sinamdviles. nicSe am-bobs, rom ena fsiqologiis rudimenturi formaa da rom: ̀ Cven verasodes ver gavTavisuflebiT RmerTisgan, sanam grama-tikis gvwams~. movida axali dro da transgresia azrovnebis komplimentaruli nawili unda gaxdes. ganmanaTleblobis epo-qa, gonebis kulti da racionaluri azrovneba sqematizaciis teroriT damTavrda. nicSem ramodenime aTeuli wliT gaus-wro movlenebs, radgan maSin, rodesac is Tavis bolo nawar-moebs werda, jer kidev xangrZlivi, dausrulebeli mecxra-mete saukune iyo. man, faqtiurad, Tavisi cxovrebiT gaimeora

* ale-vitenbergis universitetis (germania) Teoriuli fizikis institutis mecnier-TanamSromeli, fizika-maTematikis mecnierebaTa doqtori. daibad. 1994 w. `kritikaSi~ ibeWdeba pirvelad.

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dostoevskis idea kulturis damaxasiaTebel ucnaur Tavise-burebaze: Tavad kulturis bunebidan gamomdinare, avadmyo-furi mdgomareoba kulturaSi xSirad iZens privilegirebul statuss. gamZafrebuli cnobierebis da mgrZnobelobis gamo aseTma adamianma SeiZleba gaigos is, rac sxvebisTvis dafar-ulia. nicSes apologeti Tomas mani, romanSi `jadosnuri mTa~ aseTi personaJebiT asaxlebs ̀ parnass~. Tomas manis mwerluri Canafiqris mixedviT, maT pirvelebma unda dainaxon is cvli-lebebi, romlebic saukuneebis gasayarze moxdeba evropaSi.

nicSes paraleli enasa da RmerTs Soris gasagebi xdeba mxolod meoce saukunis filosofiis konteqstSi, romel-Sic enas warmarTveli funqcia da roli daekisra. logikuri pozitivizmi samyaros sazRvrebs enis sazRvrebiT adgens. Tu egzistencialuri filosofiisTvis kritikuli mdgomare-oba cxovrebaSi aris niSani yofierebis sazRvarze yofnisa, logikuri pozitivizmisa da analizuri filosofiisTvis an-tinomiebi enaSi aris niSani imisa, rom azrovnebis dadgenil sazRvars mivadeqiT. ase unda gavigoT ludvig vitgenStainis mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom yvelaferi, rac SeiZleba iTqvas, unda iTqvas zustad, xoolo danarCenze, rac onto-logiis kuTvnilebaa, unda viyoT Cumad. amgvarad dumilis funqcionaluri datvirTva mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi as-rulebs imanenturi enis rols, romelzec yofiereba lapara-kobs sakuTar Tavze. Cndeba kiTxva, SeiZleba Tu ara dafar-uli gaxdes xiluli? xom ar Seicvlis is xilulad qcevisas Sinaarss? filosofosi vadim rudnevi wignSi ludvig vitgen-Stainze wers, rom `logikuri filosofiuri traqtati~ unda wavikiTxoT ise, TiTqos is ori nawilisgan Sedgeba. pirveli nawili dawerilia da masSi laparakia imaze, rac SeiZleba iTqvas zustad. xolo meore nawili ar aris dawerili, Tumca pirveli nawilis gageba SeuZlebelia meore nawilis arsebobis prezumpciis gareSe. Cven verasodes ver gavigebT imas, razec laparakobs vitgenStaini, Tu ar gvecodineba is, ris Sesaxebac is dumils inarCunebs. verasodes ver viqnebiT rameSi darwmunebuli, Tu ar iarsebebs iseTi ram, raSic eWvi

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gvepareba. amaSi mdgomareobs epistemologiis paradoqsuli dialeqtika, vitgenStainis uaRresad lakonuri stili, misi mkveTrad gamoxatuli egzistencialuri pozicia. adamianis yofiereba gacilebiT ufro farToa, vidre misi azrovnebis deduqciuri formebi. Sesabamisad, bevri ram, rac adamians axasiaTebs, arsebobs enis teritoriis miRma gamouTqmeli formiT. logikurad ibadeba kiTxva, SeiZleba Tu ara arse-bobdes imanenturi ena, romelic dafaruls aqcevs xilulad ise, rom amiT mis Sinaarss ar daamaxinjebs? aucilebelia Tu ara gramatikaze da enis semantikur Caketilobaze uaris Tqma da ra SuaSia aq RmerTi? saqme imaSia, rom premodernuli ada-mianisaTvis RmerTi empiriuli gamocdilebis miRma mdgomi absoluti iyo. is adamians arsebobis Senaarss da safuZv-els uqmnida. modernis proeqtma da ganmanaTleblobam yofi-erebis deontologizciiT adamians es safuZveli gamoacala. Tu RmerTi ar aris, maSin yvelaferi dasaSvebi unda iyos da am dros nicSe xedavs enas, Caketil semantikur sistemas, romel-ic kavSirebiT da kanonebiT regulirdeba. ena nicSesTvis aris substancia, romelSic yvelaferi dasaSvebi ar aris. ena axdens Cveni azrovnebis struqturirebas, gveubneba, rom is Cvenze maRla dgas da Zalauneburad gvibiZgebs iqiTken, rom davijeroT RmerTis arsebobac. azrovnebis ganTavisufleba nicSesTvis enisgan ganTavisuflebas niSnavs. igi wuxs mod-ernis proeqtis Sedegebze, yofierebis deontologizaciaze da ideals antikur saberZneTSi xedavs. nicSe adamianebs mimarTavs da eubneba: Tqven RmerTi mokaliT, sakuTar yofi-erebas safuZveli gamoacaleT, awi bolomde Tanmimdevruli unda iyoT da enazec unda TqvaT uari. radgan ena RmerTis nacvalia, is batonobs Tqvenze. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi dagvi-brundeba imanenturoba, is, rac aris sinamdvileSi.

Jil deliozi Tanamedrove filosofiaSi yvelaze Tan-mimdevruli da radikaluri nicSeanelia. deliozma aitaca nicSes anderZi da filosofiisTvis enisagan gansxvavebuli alternatiuli formebis Zieba daiwyo. am Ziebebma miiyvana deliozi kinomde. deliozisaTvis ena gavs xalaTs, romel-

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sac sulierad daavadebul adamians acmeven imisTvis, rom man sakuTar Tavs araferi dauSaos. ena azrovnebis regulirebis da normatiulad qcevis sistemaa. rasakvirve-lia, deliozi, romelic filosofosi iyo, kinosamyaros erT-gvarad zemodan da ganyenebulad uyurebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi moxiblulia kinos calkeuli warmomadgenlebiT, deliozi mainc ar ganixilavs maT damoukidebel subieqte-bad. deliozi kinematografistebs aRiqvams erTiani proce-sis nawilad, romlebsac individualur subieqtur doneze xSirad gacnobierebulic ki ara aqvT zogadi kanonzomiereba da is, Tu ra saqmes emsaxurebian. is, rasac deliozi kinoSi xe-davs, gacilebiT Rrmaa da SinaarsiT sagrZnoblad aRemateba Tavad kinosamyaros warmomadgenlebis Tvalsazriss. amitom deliozis teqstebi kinoze gansxvavebulia kinokritikosebis teqstebisgan da xSirad miuwvdomelia maTTvis. meore mxriv, deliozis teqstebi kinoze rTuli sakiTxavia filosofose-bisTvisac. deliozi citirebs umarav films, romelTa umete-soba filosofosebs nanaxi ara aqvT. is mimoixilavs calkeul teqnikur detals da am siWarbeSi mkiTxvels xandaxan ekarge-ba warmodgena mTavarze. xSirad Cven ubralod iZulebulni varT vendoT avtors, masTan erTad vimogzauroT kinosam-yaroSi. deliozi rTuli sakiTxavi da rTulad aRsaqmeli av-toria. bolomde misi gageba SeuZlebelia ara mxolod Cveni inteleqtualuri umwifarobis mizeziT, aramed Tavad deli-ozis teqstis struqturis gamo. miuxedavad imisa, rom kine-matografis mier Seqmnili mxatvruli saxeebi ukve didi xania Cveni aRqmis nawili gaxda, klasikuri filosofiuri tradicia uZluria deliozis teqstTan mimarTebaSi. me ar vgulisxmob am SemTxvevaSi qronologiur Tanmimdevrulobas, klasikur filosofiur tradicias, romelic TandaTan qreba moderni-dan postmodernze gadasvlis procesSi. me vgulisxmob Tavad damokidebulebas azrovnebis procesisadmi. imisaTvis, rom ndoba gamovucxadoT aRqmas, romelic codnis miRma dgas, azrovnebis aqtis ganxorcielebis dros Tavi unda CavayenoT obieqturi arasandoobis mdgomareobaSi, romelic, rasak-

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virvelia, Seicavs egzistencialur riskebs, Tumca gvitovebs gagebis da cvlilebis SesaZleblobas. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi SevZlebT gavxdeT deliozis mkiTxvelebi. ori cneba _ gageba da cvlileba mWidrod ukavSirdeba Tanamedrove xelovnebas. Tanamedrove xelovneba aris xelovneba, romlis gasagebad ar aris sakmarisi inteleqtualuri gamocdileba. merab mamar-daSvilis Tanaxmad, Tanamedrove xelovnebis gageba SesaZle-belia mxolod iseTi tipis refleqsiT, romelic struqtu-rul cvlilebebs iwvevs Tavad CvenSi. Tu ar SevicvaleT da iseTebi davrCiT, rogoric viyaviT, mxolod axali formaluri codna SeviZineT, es niSnavs, rom veraferi ver gavigeT an arc araferi iyo gasagebi. amiT gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove xe-lovneba araTanamedrovesgan, romelic codnis da katalo-gizaciis sferos miekuTvneba. amgvarad, cvlilebis unari kritikulia azrovnebisa da sicocxlisaTvis, radgan is aris fundamenturi gansxvaveba cocxals da aracocxals Soris. mkvdari swored imiT gansxvavdeba cocxalisgan, rom aRar aqvs unari iyos sxvanairi. yvela da yvelaferi, rac inter-pretaciis unars tovebs, cocxalia, Tundac ukve saukuneebs iTvlides da piriqiT. DdeliozisTvis kino Tanamedrove cocx-ali xelovnebaa. mis gasagebad Cven ndoba unda gamovucxadoT aRqmas, romelic codnis miRma dgas, anu rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, sakuTari Tavi unda CavayenoT obieqturi arasan-doobis mdgomareobaSi. unda viyoT gaxsnilebi da mzad cvli-lebebisTvis. Tumca kino araseparabeluri formiT moicavs orive komponents, gonebasac da mgrZnobelobasac. aRqma ar iyofa calke mgrZnobelobiT da inteligibelur komponen-tebad. Sesabamisad, damokidebuleba sityvas da mxatvruls saxes Soris deliozisTvis aris erTgvari percepciis peda-gogika. misi amocana ar aris, aswavlos filosofosebs filme-bis yureba an kinematografistebs fiqri (xSirad SeuZlebeli misia). man kargad icis, rom kinos dualisturi bunebis gamo, mxolod mgrZnobelobis an mxolod gonebis xarjze, taqso-nomia, mxatvruli saxeebis da simboloebis klasifikacia Seu-Zlebeli xdeba. deliozisTvis kino meTodia da imavdroulad

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dakvirvebis obieqtic, SesaZlebloba imanenturobis dab-runebisa, SesaZlebloba imisa, rom filosofiam tradiciuli ena Caaanacvlos TviTgamoxatvis alternatiuli saSualebiT da ganagrZos arseboba enis teritoriis miRma. amgvarad, de-liozisTvis, rogorc yvelaze Tanmimdevruli nicSeanelisT-vis Tanamedrove filosofiaSi, kino aris mis xelT arsebuli instrumenti, romelzec faqtiurad ocnebobda nicSe, realo-bis da imanenturobis myisieri Wrili, kadrireba. Tumca sanam imanenturobis da kinos, rogorc imanenturi enis Temas ufro detalurad ganvixilavT, sasargebloa gavixsenoT fenome-nologiis sabaziso cnebebi: noumeni, fenomeni da noemi.

ramdenad aris samyaro, romelsac Cven aRviqvamT, avTen-turi imisa, rac sinamdvileSi arsebobs? xom ar aris yve-laferi, rasac Cven aRviqvamT, mxolod proeqcia da saxeSecv-lili asli sinamdvilisa? saerTod, arsebobs ki es sinamdvile, Tu mxolod aslebi gvaqvs originalis gareSe? es aris kiTxva, romelic antikur periodSi sofistebs ainteresebdaT. mogvi-anebiT imaneuel kanti Seecada masze pasuxis gacemas. kantma Semoitana ori cneba: noumeni _ `nivTi Tavis TavSi~, anu ise-Ti, rogoric aris sinamdvileSi. noumenis antiTezaa fenomeni `nivTi CvenTvis~, im saxiT, rogoradac Cven aRviqvamT mas. es konceptebi ganacalkeveben Sinagans (avTenturs) da garegans (araavTenturs), Tumca rCeba erTi uncauri problema. gauge-baria, ras mivakuTnoT Tavad Cveni codna nivTieris da arse-bulis Sesaxeb. r a s miekuTvneba is, fenomenebis samyaros Tu noumenebs? edmund huserlma am sakiTxis Sesaswavlad Semoitana warmodgena `noemze~. noemi aris nivTier samyaroSi arsebuli obieqti, romelic arsebobs azrovnebis sferoSi da meore mxriv, noemi imavdroulad aris azrovnebis fenomeni, romelic Seesabameba ara uSualod arsebul obieqts, aramed azrovnebas arsebulze. Sesabamisad noems aqvs perspeqtiva, iyos imanenturi enis elementi, CarTuli iyos taqsonomiaSi. Tumca es, rasakvirvelia, saboloo jamSi mainc ar wyvets ima-nenturi enis problemas. Tu yvelaferi Tqmuli ukve tyuilia (rogorc erTma cnobilma poetma aRniSna) im TvalsazrisiT,

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rom formulireba enis saSualebiT pirvandel mniSvnelobas ukargavs azrs, maSin wesiT unda arsebobdes araartikuli-rebadi Sinagani ena, romelzec azrs Tavdapirvel Sinaarsi SenarCunebuli aqvs. Tumca imis gamo, rom es ena Sinagania, SeuZlebelia Tavdapirveli Sinaarsis demonstrireba, misi sajarod qceva. xom ar daemsgavseba aseTi eniT sargeblobi-sas literatura enobriv TamaSebs, sakuTar WaSi Tevzaobas, postmodernistuli xelovnebis sens, sadac teqsti avtoris qvecnobieris poligonia, romelic absoluturad ucxoa da araferis mTqmeli mkiTxvelisTvis? an, ufro xSirad teqs-ti ewireba avtoris erudiciis narcisul demonstracias, momabezrebel literaturul aluziebs da gauTavebel cit-irebebs. amis gamo, saboloo jamSi, komunikacia avtors da kiTxvels Soris ar myardeba.

deliozis Tanaxmad, is, rac SeuZlebelia enaSi, SesaZle-belia kinoSi, radgan kino aris xelovnebis specifiuri dar-gi, romelsac imanenturi realoba SeuZlia xiluli gaxados ise, rom misi (realobis) Sinaarsi SeinarCunos. aq SegviZlia gavixsenoT iSviaTi komplimeti, romelic erTma genialur-ma reJisorma gamoTqva meoris mimarT. bergmani ambobs, rom tarkovskim moaxerxa is, rac ver moaxerxa Tavad man, berg-manma. `sarkeSi~ tarkovskim gadaiRo sizmrebi, xiluli gaxada dafaruli samyaro. imanenturis, pirveladyofili realobis dabruneba saerTod centraluri Temaa deliozis filoso-fiaSi. igi mas xSirad imeorebs ara marto kinosadmi miZRv-nil teqstebSi, aramed Tavis programul nawarmoebSi `sazri-sis logika~.

deliozis Tanaxmad, kinos imanenturis xilulad qcevis unari aRmoaCnda ucnauri Taviseburebis gamo. kerZod, imis gamo, rom mxatvrul saxeebs, romelsac kino qmnis, fenome-nologiur samyaroSi saerTod ar gaaCniaT analogebi. kinos mier Seqmnili mxatvruli saxeebi ganekuTvnebian noumenebs, romlebic inarCuneben avTenturobas, fenomenologiur sam-yaroSi ekvivalentebis ararsebobis gamo. kinosaTvis sruli-ad ararelevanturia is rTuli Ziebebi, romlebic mimdin-

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areobda sxvadasxva filosofiur skolebSi, gansakuTrebiT es exeba fenomenologiur skolas. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom edmund huserli da martin haidegeri ar wyalobdnen ki-nos. xolo valter beniamini arasworad aRiqvamda kinos da dahyavda igi gacocxlebul fotografiamde. meore sakiTxia, ramdenad Rrma aris kinos mier Seqmnili mxatvruli saxeebi. rasakvirvelia, siRrmiT kino CamorCeba filosofias da li-teraturas, rac deliozma mSvenivrad icis, Tumca aqvs upi-ratesobac mxatvruli saxeebis Seqmnis teqnologiis Tval-sazrisiT.

mainc ra specifiuroba gaaCnia kinos mxatvruli saxeebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT? deliozis pasuxi am SekiTxvaze mar-tivia. kinos Tavisebureba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom kinoSi mx-atvruli saxeebi iqmneba moZraobis replikaciT. amitom maT ara aqvT statikuri analogebi, mijaWvuloba da fiqsacia fenomenebis statikur samyaroSi. amrigad, imisTvis, rom kinos fenomeni gavigoT, unda gaverkveT imaSi, Tu ra aris Tavad moZraoba, moZraobis fizikuri buneba. moZrao-bis arsis gagebis pirvel mcdelobas Cven Zvel saberZneTSi mivyavarT, kerZod, zenonis cnobil aporiebamde. zenoni iyo pirveli moazrovne, romelic mivida moZraobis paradoqsa-lurobis gagebamde. Tavis aporiebSi (berZnulad “aporia” _ gamouvali mdgomareoba) zenoni cdilobs dagvarwmunos, rom yofiereba erTiania da uZravi, xolo moZraoba da mrav-lobiToba SeuZlebelia SevimecnoT winaaRmdegobriobis ga-reSe. amitom moZraoba, zenonis Tanaxmad, yofiereba ar aris. aris sxva ram, iseTi ram, rac ar arsebobs. zenoni msjelobs Semdegnairad: imisTvis, rom gaviaroT raime, Tundac mcire manZili, jer unda gaviaroT am manZilis pirveli naxevari. es ki imas niSnavs, rom sanam gavivliT manZilis pirvel naxevars, manamde unda gaviaroT manZilis pirveli naxevris pirveli naxevari da ase usasrulod. gamodis, rom nebismieri, Tundac mcire manZili usasrulo yofila, xolo moZraoba da manZi-lis dafarva _ SeuZlebeli. amgvarad, Zveli berZnebis codna moZraobaze ewinaaRmdegeboda maT empiriul gamocdilebas.

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iq ki, sadac codna gamocdilebas ar emTxveva, yalibdeba epis-temologiuri krizisi. zenonis meore aporia exeba aqlevss da kus. aqilevsi verasodes ver daeweva kus imis gamo, rom sanam aqilevsi uaxlovdeba kus, ku yovelTvis gadis raRac manZils da amitom yovelTvis aqilevsze win iqneba. zenonis mesame aporia ìsari~ yvelaze ufro kinematografiulia. ze-noni amtkicebs, rom gasrolili isari drois yovel momentSi sinamdvileSi uZravia. zenoni dros hyofs patara intervale-bad da drois TviToeuli intervalisTvis afiqsirebs isris uZrav mdgomareobas. aseTi stroboskopiuli davakvirvebiT zenoni amtkicebs, rom sinamdvileSi aranairi moZraoba ar arsebobs da nebismieri moZraoba aris uZravi mdgomareobe-bis mWidro mimdevroba. analogia kinosTan aSkaraa, kinoSi ga-cocxlebuli uZravi kadrebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT relobis myisier Wrebad droSi. am analogias aRniSnavs deliozic. ze-nonis Teza imis Sesaxeb, rom moZraoba yofiereba ar aris, da aris raRac sxva, niSnavs imas, rom es sxva raRaca aris kino.

zenonis stroboskopiuli dakvirvebis meTodi sxva arafe-ria, Tu ara kadrireba, moZraobis qceva uZrav kadrebad. kino aris refleqsia moZraobaze. deliozisaTvis aseve organulad axloa zenonis mravlobiTobis principi, radgan mravlobi-Toba aris dakavSirebuli deliozis filosofiis centralur koncefciasTan, rizomatuli mdgomareobis cnebasTan. rizo-matuli aris mdgomareoba, romelSic ar arsebobs centri, Se-mecnebis subieqti. arsebobs mxolod erTmaneTSi usistemod gadaxlarTuli mcenaris fesvebis msgavsi horizontaluri postmodernuli struqturebi, labirinTebi, romlebsac arsad ar mivyavarT. postmodernma azrovneba da cxovreba SemTxveviT difuziur procesad aqcia, gamokveTili mi-marTulebis gareSe. rizomatul, mravlobiT struqturebs uprspeqtivo dausrulebeli labirinTebis msgavsad arsad ar mivyavarT. es aris epiderma, qurqi masSi moqceuli Sinaar-sis gareSe. radgan kino moZraobaze refleqsiaa, ucnaurad ar unda mogveCvenos deliozis mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom si-

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namdvileSi Zmeb lumierebs araferi ar gamougoniaT da rom pirveli kinematografistebi sinamdvileSi Zveli berZnebi iyvnen. kinematografi gaCnda moZraobaze refleqsiasTan er-Tad da adamianebi filmebs yovelTvis iRebdnen. aparatura, romelic Seiqmna samecniero-teqnikuri revoluciis Sedegad, kinokamera da firi meoradi faqtoriebia.

zenonis paradoqsebi didxans rCeboda filosofosebisT-vis Tavsatexad. pasuxi zenonis paradoqsebze iyo germaneli filosofosisa da maTematikosis, laibnicis mier Seqmnili maTematikuri analizi. maTematikurma analizma usasrulod mcire sidideebis, kontiniumis da simravlis enaze axsna ze-nonis paradoqsebi. dRes Cven ukve viciT is, rac ar icoda zenonma. kerZod is, rom usasrulo diskretul mwkrivs Sei-Zleba hqondes sasruli jami uwyveti sasruli fun-qciis saxiT. Tumca es yvelaferi srulebiTac ar cvlis da ar amcirebs deliozis Teorias kinos Sesaxeb, piriqiT, mxolod avlens misi azrovnebis siRrmes. CemTvis piradad, ucnauri da moulodneli iyo is, rom Jil deliozi konceptebis doneze SesaniSnavad icnobda da erkvevoda Tanamedrove maTema-tikaSi. icoda, ra aris simravle, kontiniumi, uwyvetobisa da diskretulobis cnebebi. faqtiurad, deliozi kinos magias mxatvruli saxeebis SeqmnaSi swored Tanamedrove fizikis sa-SualebiT xsnis.

frangi filosofosi anri bergsoni (romelsac aseve ar uy-varda kino) Tavis traqtatSi moZraobaze gvafrTxilebs imis Sesaxeb, rom moZraoba ar unda agverios gavlil manZilSi. bergsonis mixedviT, gavlili manZili warsulis kuTvnile-baa, xolo moZraoba awmyoSi xdeba da awmyos kuTvnilebaa. amasTanave, gavlili manZili da, maSasadame, warsuli SeiZleba calkeul diskretul monakveTebad davyoT, maSin, rodesac moZraoba anu awmyo uwyvetia. aq Cven mivdivarT deliozis Teoriis centralur Tezisamde, imis axsnamde, Tu rogor aya-libebs kinematografi mxatvrul saxeebs. deliozis dak-virvebiT, kinos awmyo jer warsulSi gadahyavs imiT, rom uwyvet moZraobas diskretul kadrebad anu `droSi realo-

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bis myisier Wrilebad~ aqcevs. es aris moZraobis kadrirebis etapi. xolo amis Semdeg kino droSi realobis myisier Wri-lebs kvlav acocxlebs da moZraobis rekonstruqcias axdens. deliozi pirveli ar aris, romelmac am ucnaurobas yura-dReba miaqcia. didma eruditma mSvenivrad icoda sergei ei-zenSteinis mosazreba `privilegirebuli momentebis~ Sesaxeb. es privilegirebuli momentebi sxva araferia, Tu ara droSi realobis myisieri Wrebi. Tumca deliozi calsaxad pirve-lia, vinc dainaxa kinematografis Tavisebureba, rac awmyos warsulad qcevaSi da rekonstuirebuli moZraobis iluzoru-lobaSi gamoixateba. deliozs ar swams kadrebis monacvleo-biT kvlav gacocxlebuli realobis avTenturobis. is Tvlis, rom es gacocxlebuli realoba gansxvavdeba Tavdapirveli namdvili uwyveti realobisgan, romelic arsebobda awmyoSi manam, sanam kadrirebiT diskretulad ar aqcies da warsulSi ar gadaitanes. ufro metic, deliozi Tvlis, rom swored es uxilavi gansxvaveba Tavdapirvel da xelovnurad gacocxle-bul moZraobebs Soris, romelsac Cven ver aRviqvamT, qmnis mxatvrul saxeebs kinoSi. es mxatvruli saxeebi noumenuri bunebis mqonea da fenomenebis samyaroSi eqvivalentebis ar arsebobis gamo “gareT gamosvlis” da xilulad qcevis Sem-degac inarCuneben TviTobas. rekonstruirebuli moZraoba, romelsac Cven ekranze vxedavT, sinamdvileSi yalbi moZrao-baa da ara namdvili. warsulad qceul awmyos ukve aRar aqvs cocxali avTenturi formiT arsebobis SesaZlebloba. Cven vcdebiT, rodesac gvgonia, rom mTlianobis uZravi myisieri Wrebis (anu kadrebis) mimdevrobiT SegviZlia kvlav aRvadgi-noT moZraoba. Secdomaa varaudi, TiTqos mTlianoba moce-mulia. sinamdvileSi mTlianoba mocemuli ki ar aris, aramed mTlianoba generirdeba, moicema uwyveti moZraobiT. ufro martivi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ara marto myisieri momenti (anu kadri) warmoadgens moZraobis myisier uZrav Wras, aramed Tavad moZraobac aris xangrZlivobis fiqsacia. moZ-raoba ar SeiZleba iyos mocemuli, is xdeba awmyoSi da ekuT-vnis awmyos maSin, roca yvelaferi mocemuli ukve warsu-

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lis kuTvnilebaa. SeuZlebelia warsuliT awmyos aRdgena. moZraoba, romelsac kino gvTavazobs, ar aris namdvili, is mkvdari moZraobaa. amgvarad, kino deliozisTvis awmyos war-sulSi gadayvanis xelovnebaa da amiT is gavs sikvdils. kinos buneba imaSia, rom is sikvdilis xelovnebaa. Tumca ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom deliozi kinod ar Tvlis yvelafers, rac DdRes konvenciuri TvalsazrisiT kinod miiCneva. misi dak-virvebiT, kinosamyaroSi iseve, rogorc yvela sxva vizualur xelovnebaSi, nagvis warmoeba Zalian iolia. kinosamyaroSi gansakuTrebiT bevria SemTxveviTi xalxi. deliozis mosaz-rebebi kadrirebis procesze Cven SegviZlia ganvavrcoT mar-tivi maTematikuri analogiiT. uwyveti funqcia SegviZlia warmovadginoT diskretuli mwkrivis saxiT. mere am mwkrivis dajamebiT Cven SegviZlia kvlav miviRoT igive uwyveti fun-qcia. maTematikuri analizi am proceduras mkacrad aregu-lirebs sistemuri codniT, maTematikuri Teoremebis saSu-alebiT. Tu rame araswored gavakeTeT, diskretuli mwkrivis dajamebiT miRebuli uwyveti funqcia gansxvavebuli iqneba Tavdapirveli sawyisi funqciisgan. gansxvaveba SeiZleba didi iyos da swored es aris daSvebuli Secdomis niSani. kinoSi moZraobasTan dakavSirebiT situacia formalurad igivea. uwyvet funqcias, anu moZraobas kino kadrirebis saSualebiT jer diskretulad aqcevs, xolo mere daajamebs kontiniumSi kinoproeqtoris gamoyenebiT. am proceduraSi Secdoma yov-elTvis arsebobs, is yovelTvis xdeba. aRdgenili moZraoba ar emTxveva Tavdapirvel namdvils. kinoSi mxatvruli moZ-ravi saxe swored aseTi `SecdomiT~ iqmneba. Secdomis funda-menturi mizezi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom moZraoba ar aris mxolod uwyveti fizikuri funqcia, romelsac ar gaaCnia drois indeqsi da amitom Seqcevadia droSi. fizikuris garda moZraobas aqvs droSi Seuqcevadi metafizikuri bune-bac, radgan Tavad moZraoba awmyoSi xdeba, xolo gavlili man-Zili warsulis sakuTrebaa. es qmnis Seuqcevadobis efeqts, saboloo jamSi ki cxovrebis Sinarss, Cven mier cxovrebaSi gavlili manZilis tipologias, Cven fsiqologiur por-

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trets. dro kinoSi iseve ikargeba, rogorc prustis romanSi, dakraguli drois Zieba ki xdeba refleqsia gavlil manZilze. am TvalsazrisiT kinoSi klasikuri magaliTebia `marwyvis mdelo~ da `sarke~. am filmebSi dakarguli drois aRdgena xdeba gavlili manZilis tipologiiT, refleqsiiT gavlil manZilze. ̀ sarkeSi~ filmis dasawyisSi naratori (smoktunovs-kis xma) warmoTqvams centralur frazas, rom is ixsenebs ìm dros, romelSic jer kidev yvelaferi SesaZlebelia~. es aris Seuqcevadobis niSani, radgan is, rac jer kidev SesaZlebelia ìm droSi~, ukve SeuZlebelia àxla~. rac SesaZlebelia dRes, SeuZlebeli iqneba xval. oRond, rac aris dRes, is jer kidev ar aris kino, is moZraobaa da ara gavlili manZili. is jer ar eqvemdebareba refleqsias, jer kidev cocxalia. gamodis, rom refleqsia moZraobaze yofila mogzauroba warsulSi, anu yofila kino.

rogorc ukve vTqviT, kinos upiratesoba mdgomareobs mx-atvruli saxis Seqmnis spcifiur kinematografiul teqnikaSi. amitom deliozi kategoriuli winaaRmdegia kinos litera-turad gadaqcevisa, mxatvruli saxis Seqmnis Taviseburebaze uaris Tqmisa. is ewinaaRmdegeba da akritikebs pier paolo pazolinis. didi italieli reJisori SesaniSnavi Teoretiko-sic iyo. deliozi kargad icnobs pazolinis Teoriul naS-romebs da maTSi pirsis filosofiis kvals amCnevs. pirsis ideebma marTlac mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina mxat-vruli saxeebis da niSnebis klasifikaciis zogad Teoriaze. pirsi gamoyofs ori tipis mxatvrul saxeebs, uwodebs ra maT erTeulovans da orobiTs (binaruls). orobiTi niSnebi arse-boben iq, sadac orobiToba TavisTavad arsebobs rogorc bi-naruli kodi: individi-garemo, qmedeba-reaqcia, Zalisxmeva-winaaRmdegoba. orobiToba niSnavs, rom arsebobs raRac, rac TavisTavi xdeba mxolod sxvasTan mimarTebaSi. pazolini Tvlis, rom orobiToba kinematografiulia da orobiTo-bis kinematografiul magaliTad mohyavs mxatvruli saxe-moqmedeba. marTlac, mxatvruli saxe kinoSi iqmneba moZra-obasTan erTad. is binarulia. Tumca pazolini cdeba,

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rodesac cdilobs, kinosemantika aagos literaturuli enis msgavsad, sinamdvilis umciresi atomaruli erTeulebis, `kinemebis~ saSualebiT. deliozisaTvis aseTi mcdeloba, ki-nos literaturul enad qceva kategoriulad miuRebelia, radgan es mxatvruli saxeebis kinematografiuli warmoebis teqnikaze, kinos namdvil Rirsebaze uaris Tqmas niSnavs. de-liozi aRniSnavs, rom marTalia, Txroba, romelsac pazolini mimarTavs, mxatvruli saxis Seqmnis xerxia, magram is gulisx-mobs drois qronologiurobas, warmosaxvis voluntaris-tul warmatebul mcdelobas, moawesrigos fabula. deliozs ki surs kinoSi ixilos mxolod kino da ara literatura, ixi-los kristaluri mxatvruli formebi da SemTxveviTi momav-lis paradoqsi. Tavis erT-erT saukeTeso teqstSi `laibnici da baroko~ deliozi kidev ufro radikaluria. laibnicis `monadebSi~ is virtualobis da aqtualobis dapirispirebas xedavs da Tvlis, rom dro aris fenomeni, romelsac ZaluZs WeSmaritebis kategoria saerTod uazrobad aqcios. deli-ozis kinematografiuli gemovneba CvenTvis cnobilia. igi ar malavs, rom mis moZRvrebasTan axlos tarkovskis kine-matografia frang kinomcodnesTan miSel SonTan polemikaSi deliozi citirebs tarkovskis teqsts `kinematografiul figuraze~, romelic mas umniSvnelovanesad teqstad mi-aCnia. tarkovski kategoriulad uaryofs pazolinis Teorias, TiTqos kino warmoadgens enas, romelsac saqme aqvs calkeul semantikur erTeulebTan. tarkovski wers, rom kinoSi Seqm-nili mxatvruli saxe ar eqvemdebareba anatomias, ar iSleba calkeul simboloebad, radgan is erTiani da unikaluria. simbolo aris TviTon simbolos funqcia. isini individu-alurad ki ara, monoliTurad erTiandebian moZrav mxatvrul saxeebSi. drois reprezentacia tarkovskis mixedviT xor-cieldeba mxolod moZravi mxatvruli saxiT. isini aRweren da imaxsovreben cvlilebebs. deliozi am fenomens uwodebs `sensomotoruli sqemis orazrovnebas~, aberaciis faqtors, rodesac simbolo mxolod maSin ixsneba, roca dro xdeba ma-teriis niSani. ase unda gavgoT tarkovskis sentencia: `kino

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aris dro, asaxuli faqtSi~. deliozis meore favoriti fran-sua triufoa. is aanalizebs triufos films `mwvane oTaxi~ da svams kiTxvas: gardacvlilebi gvekuTnian Cven Tu Cven ve-kuTvniT gardacvlilebs? ratom aris mimarTuli siyvaruli cocxlebis da sicocxlis winaaRmdeg? samreklo, romelsac mTavari gmiri aSenebs, deliozisTvis kinos kristaluri mx-atvruli formaa. mTavari gmiri samrekloSi dasaxldeba da Cven ar viciT, visTan aris is _ cocxlebTan Tu mkvdrebTan. erTaderTi, rasac trufo gveubneba, aris is, rom kristals simetriisTvis da harmoniisTvis msxverplad erTi sanTeli aklia, ase iyo da iqneba yovelTvis. simetria ar aRdgeba ma-nam, sanam es erTi sanTelic ar dainTeba. mxalod maSin gaxdeba kristali esTeturad sruli, dasrulebuli. unda iTqvas, rom deliozi ar iyo pirveli, vin aseTi kavSiri dainaxa. msgavsi mosazreba kinoze gaaCnda pier paolo pazolinisac. Tumca pa-zolini awmyos warsulSi gadayvanis mizezs montaJSi xedavda. Sesabamisad, reJisoris funqcias mniSvnelovnad Tvlida. de-liozis genialoba ki mdgomareobs imaSi, rom is am kavSirs Ta-vad kinos bunebaSi, kerZod, kadrirebis procesSi xedavs. es procesi adamianisagan damoukideblad xorcieldeba da fun-damenturi ontologiuri buneba aqvs. dasrulebulobis ideas xedavs is `sarkeSic~. sarke ayalibebs kristals, romel-ic mTavari gmiris garSemo brunavs. deliozi svams SekiTxvas: `mainc ra aris ruseTi? wyalSi CaZiruli mkrTali saxeebi, mw-vane garemo wvimaSi, romelic flobs kristalis saidumlos? Tu mkrTali sinaTle, romelic Zlivs bJutavs da daxuruli karebis uimedo SegrZneba? romeli cecxlmokidebuli buCqi, ranairi cecxli da Rrubeli gaaSrobs am garemos?~ mTavari gmiri, romelic kadrSi ar Cans, Zlier kinematografiul efeqts qmnis. kinematografis Tavisebureba swored imaSi mdgomareobs, rom personaJebi kinoSi yovelTvis ìmalebian~ manam, sanam kadrSi dagvenaxebian. aseTia maTi buneba.

deliozi Tavis wignSi yuradRebas uTmobs TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovan reJisors. amitom ar unda gagvikvirdes misi interesi iseTi didi figuris mimarT, rogoric aris ingmar

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bergmani. Tu bergmanis filmebze seriozulad davfiqrdebiT, davinaxavT, rom bergmanTan kadrireba aris iseTi semantikuri simravlis Seqmna, romelic moicavs mxatvrul saxeSi Semaval yvela elements. am TvalsazrisiT saintereso fenomenia ~axlo xedi~, romelic mxatvrul saxes garemomcveli fonisgan anu konteqstisgan aTavisuflebs da mas semantikur qvesimrav-leSi srul izolaciaSi moaqcevs. am mignebaSi Cans bergmanis kinematografis siRrme. deliozis wigni ki gasaRebia CvenTvis bergmanis ukve damoukideblad gaazrebisTvis. marTlac, ga-vixsenoT debuleba imis Sesaxeb, rom kinematografiuli mx-atvruli saxeebi pirsis klasifikaciiT orobiTi kodebia, rac niSnavs, rom mxatvruli saxe arsebobs da formas iZens mxolod sxvasTan mimarTebaSi. Tuki àxlo xedi~ saxes izo-laciaSi aqcevs, binaruli kodis bunebidan gamomdinare, unda moxdes saxis anihilacia. bergmanis mTeli kinematografi am efeqtis garSemoa agebuli. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom bergmani yovelTvis aRniSnavda, rom ̀ kinoreJisoris mTavari saqme aris adamianis saxe~. adamiani Tavs anebebs profesias, uars ambobs socialuri funqciebis Sesrulebaze, emijneba da kontaqts wyvets yvelasTan. aris mudmivad Cumad (persona). is eqceva semantikur izolaciaSi da xdebaàxlo xedi~. bergmani axlo xediT akvirdeba mas. CvenTvis ukve gasagebia, ra unda mohyves amas. unda moxdes orobiTi kodis rRveva. molodinic ar ay-ovnebs. personaJi, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, Cven Tvalwin ems-gavseba sxvas, kargavs da icvlis saxes. bergmani amas uwodebs ìndividuaciis dagvianebas~. Cven aRar viciT, ramden adami-anTan gvaqvs saqme, erT Tu or personasTan. arc filmis sa-Tauria SemTxveviTi. gmirebi erTmaneTSi gadadian, qrebian da periodulad Cndebian mas Semdeg, rac uaryofis zRvars gaiv-lian. ufro radikaluria finaluri scena bergmanis filmSi `Semodgomis sonata~: rodesac liv ulmanis gmiri iwyebs dedis mimarT miwerili werilis kiTxvas, moulodnelad process misi qmari agrZelebs, xolo bolos dedamisi, ingrid bergmanis gmiri. ucnauroba imaSia, werili jer gagzavnili arc aris. amiT bergmani TiTqos gveubneba, rom daSlil mimo-

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fantul fragmentebTan gvaqvs saqme. es fragmentebi werilis teqstma unda gaaerTianos. Tumca es ase ar xdeba da filmi op-timizmis safuZvels ar gvitovebs.

`meSvide niSani~ mTlianad Crdilebis efeqtzea agebuli. bergmani gvaxsenebs, rom dasasruli sadRac sxva mxridan ki ar modis, aramed Tavidanve saxeSia, rogorc misi Crdili. berg-manis filmSi saxe CrdilTan erTad ayalibebs erTian binarul kods. Crdili saxis konteqstia, misi CarCoa. Crdili erTaderTia, rac namdvilad saxes ekuTvnis da verasodes ve-ravin ver waarTmevs. amitom saxe verasodes ver ganTavisu-fldeba Crdilisgan. bergmanis gmiriviT, ramdensac ar unda ecados saxe, daamarcxos Crdili WadrakSi, damarcxebuli yovelTvis TviTon gamova. arada, mTeli dasavluri kultura eSmakTan paqtiT, aseTi ganTavisuflebis mcdeloba iyo: go-eTes ̀ fausti~, balzakis ̀ Sagrenis tyavi~ Tu uaildis ̀ dorian greis portreti~. Samisos `peter Slemilis istoriaSi~ ana-logia kidev ufro aSkaraa. sakmarisia, peterma dakargos sa-kuTari Crdili, rom moulodnelad mdidari kapitalisti xdeba. `marwyvis mdelo~, `fani da aleqsandre~ kritikuli xedvaa protestantuli eTikis, simdidrisken da warmatebi-sken swrafvisa. bergmanma icis, rom politikuri ekonomikis fuZemdeblur operacias, sicocxlisgan sikvdilis (Crdilis), anu ekonomikurad ararentabeluri fenomenis gamoklebas sinamdvileSi ukvdaveba ki ara, usicocxloba moaqvs. mdgo-mareoba, romelic droSi ukve aRar icvleba. tarkovskisgan gansxvavebiT, bergmanTan dro ukve aRar aris materiis niSani. dro veRar imaxsovrebs cvlilebebs imitom, rom usicocxlo stabilur mdgomareobaSi cvlilebebi, ubralod, aRar xdeba. es yofila sazRauri Sveduri stabilurobis da ekonomikuri keTildReobisa. cxovreba gadaiqca usafrTxo, garantire-bul septikur fenomenad, romelsac SeiZleba mxolod daak-virde, magram masSi monawileobas veRar miiReb. aseTi ram daemarTa `marwyvis mdelos~ mTavar gmirs, romelmac Tavisi mdgomareoba mxolod sizmris wyalobiT Seityo. sizmari am SemTxvevaSi mousvenari gardacvlili reverentis rols as-

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rulebs, romelic ukan gvibrunebs yvelafers, rac gvgonia, rom saguldagulod ganvdevneT maxsovrobidan. protestan-tuli eklesiis samrekloze saaTi isrebis gareSea, dros aRar miuTiTebs, rac imis niSania, rom aRaraferi icvleba. berg-manis gmiri ki akvidreba Tavis ganvlil cxovrebas da masSi monawileobas veRar Rebulobs. radgan ar monawileobs, mas verc veravin amCnevs, Tumca cdilobs, adamianebi moixmos da maT Tavis arseboba Seaxsenos. bolomde ver acnobierebs, rom sinamdvileSi ukve aRar arsebobs. mas ukve aRar Seu-Zlia iyos sxvanairi. Jil deliozi Tvlida, rom axlo xedis teqnikis gamoyenebiT bergmanma miaRwia saxis absolutur nihilizms. axlo xedi aris saxec da misi sruli uaryofac. is aryofnaSi da sicarieleSi isrutavs yvelafers. tovebs mxolod SiSs. SiSis Temazea `CurCuli da yvirili~. filmSi aris scena, rodesac debi msaxuris daZabuli saxis irgvliv trialeben ise, TiTqos erTmaneTs ganizidaven. mizezi aseTi ganzidulobisa aris zizRi. debs erTmaneTi ezizRebaT. ganzidulobis gamo saxeebi erTmaneTSi ar gadadis, erTma-neTs ar erwymis. `personasagan~ gansxvavebiT, saxeebi aq nar-Cundeba. bergmani cinikurad axdens paradoqsis demonstri-rebas. Turme gadarCenis garantia siyvaruli ki ara, Zlieri piradi egoa, siZulvilTan erTad. debi intuitiurad grZno-ben amas da mTeli filmis ganmavlobaSi cdiloben erTmaneTi ufro metad SeiZulon. am Tvisebebs moklebuli gardacvlili mesame da (faqtiurad jvarcmuli iesos saxe. misi sikvdilis scenebi Zalian hgavs jvarcmas) da msaxuri cdiloben cocx-lad darCenilebis Serigebas, magram amaod. erTi dis mxridan Serigebisken gadadgmul nabijs meore da uaryofs rogorc uperspeqtivo sisustes.

Cven ar viciT, ras ityoda Jil deliozi leo karasis filmze `korporacia wminda motorebi~ romelsac is ver moeswro (de-liozi daiRupa 1995wels. filmi gamovida, me mgoni, 2011 wels). savaraudod, moewoneboda. me maqvs SegrZneba, rom am filmiT kinom madloba gadauxada deliozs, daafasa misi Rvawli. fil-mi mTilanad datvirTulia deliozis konstruqciebiT. ara-

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rsebuli centri da naraciis uaryofa, darRveuli qronolo-giuroba da paradoqsaluri finali. faqtiurad, finali arc arsebobs iseve, rogorc ar arseobs dasawyisi. yvelaferi pi-robiTia da eqvemdebareba permutacias. mTavari gmiri (Tu mas SeiZleba saerTod subieqti ewodos) Sexvedridan Sexve-dramde icvlis saxes, epidermas. amas CvenTvis, mayureblebi-sTvis, meti TvalsaCinoebis mizniT pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT akeTebs, anu iZrobs kans. garegnobasTan erTad icvleba misi statusi, socialuri funqciebi. is xan mdidari bankiria, xan maTxovari, xan kileri, romelic sakuTar asls klavs (an asli klavs mas, gaurkvevelia). xanac is aris mama, romelsac Svili manqaniT saxlSi mihyavs. Tumca male irkveva, rom es yvelaferi tyuilia. keTilSobili momakvdavi moxucic, romelic Tavis naTesav axalgazrda qals qonebas utovebs, ar aris namdvi-li. sikvdils is ver axerxebs. terminaluri mdgomareobidan gamodis da daRlili, axali rolis Sesasruleblad midis. arc qonebis momlodine axalgazrda naTesavi qali yofila, Turme, naTesavi. qonebas mas aravin ar utovebs. isic rols asrulebs. gveqmneba STabeWdileba, rom Cven kinofilmis calkeuli epi-zodebis gadaRebas vakvirdebiT. ubralod, amas yvelafers aklia montaJi, romlis gareSec Cven ver vxvdebiT moqmedebis Sinaarss da yvelaferi absurduli gveCveneba. aqtualuroba, romelSic mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebi daculia, ubralod, qreba da ikargeba virtualobis mravlobiTobaSi, romelsac karaksi gvTavazobs da romelic Zalian gavs deliozis ri-zomatuli mdgomareobis mravlobiTobas. filmi daulage-beli epizodebisgan Sedgeba. montaJi da logikis povna Cveni, mayureblebis saqmea. leo karaksi deliozis erTgulia. is uars ambobs Txrobaze da qronologiurobaze. uars ambobs montaJze, TiTqos imis xazgasasmelad, rasac deliozi gvas-wavlis. kinoSi mxatvruli saxeebis SeqmnaSi montaJi ki ara, moZraobis kadrirebis fenomeni aris mTavari. karaksis kino aris kino kinoze. iseve rogorc deliozs, mas surs gviambos kinoze. oRond es ar aris `kino kinoSi~. aseTi `kino kinoSi~ filmis klasikuri magaliTia ilia averbaxis `xma~. am filmSi

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averbaxi gvaCvenebs filmis gadaRebis Sida samzareulos: teqnikur detalebs, scenaristTan reJisoris konfliqts, filmis gadamRebi jgufis cxovrebas gadaRebis moednis ga-reT, montaJs da gaxmovanebas. averbaxi gveubneba, rom kino pedanturi da pedantebis saqmea, romelSic araferi ar aris umniSvnelo, gaxmovanebac ki (aqedan filmis saxelwodeba). ga-damRebi jgufis wevrebi kamaToben da daoben TiTqos umniS-vnelo detalebze. averbaxis filmSi vxedavT kameras, romel-ic iRebs kinos. es `kino kinoSia~. karaksis filmi ar aris `kino kinoSi~. karaksTan Cven ver vxedavT kameras, romelic am, erTi SexedviT absurdul epizodebs iRebs. mizezi aSkaraa: kamera Cveni Tvalia. Cven vakvirdebiT moqmedebas da cvli-lebebs vinaxavT mexsierebaSi. Cven sakuTari inteleqtiT da nanaxze refleqsiiT unda davalagoT epizodebi, sakuTar mex-sierebaSi unda aRvadginoT logika. faqtiurad Cven viRebT films. karaksi aqac deliozis erTgulia. deliozma gvaswav-la ucnauri ram, rom kino aris moZraobaze refleqsia. karaksi ki Tavis filmSi gveubneba, rom adamianis Tvals Tavisuflad SeuZlia kameris Canacvleba. montaJs inteleqti akeTebs (an ver akeTebs xSir SemTxvevaSi), kinofiris rols ki Cveni mex-siereba asrulebs. xom gvaswavla anri bergsonma, rom gavli-li manZili mexsierebis nawilia. amitom kinofiri, romelic gavlil manZils inaxavs, Tavisuflad SeiZleba Caanacvlos Cvenma mexsierebam. Cven TviTonac aseTi gadaRebis obieqtebi varT. Tanamedrove adami a ni mud mivad mzad un da iyos gada-RebisTvis, radgan gadaReba nebismier momentSi SeiZleba daiwyos.

mdgomareobebidan, romelTac Cveni mexsiereba inaxavs, Cven ar viciT, romelia avTenturi. rodis TamaSoben karaksis gmirebi da rodis arian `TviTon~. saerTod ki arian odesme TviTon? rizoma ar cnobs konstitucias, saxes, prioritetul niRabs. Tu bergmanTan personaJebi TandaTan kargavdnen sax-es, karaksTan sruli fragmentacia ukve momxdaria. TandaTan vxvdebiT, rom personaJebi, romlebsac gmi ri xvdeba, aseTive aslebi arian da aseve icvlian socialur statuss. maTi erTa-

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derTi valdebuleba dausrulebeli TamaSia. filmSi aRweri-li samyaro dasaxlebulia adamianis iseTi aslebiT, fragmen-tebiT, romlebsac dedani aRar gaaCniaT. postadamianebi aRar eqvemdebarebian rekonstruqcias, kvlav adamiand qcevas. imis gamo, rom sinamdvileSi ukve aRaraferi xdeba, postadamianebi realobas TamaSoben. qmnian realobis simulakrs. es momabez-rebeli, dausru lebeli da damRleli TamaSia. karaksis gmiri yovel momdevno `Sexvedraze~ sul ufro da ufro naklebi xalisiT midis. naklebi enTuziazmiT asrulebs yovel Semdeg rols. is daRlilia. daRla aris erTaderTi, rac sinamdvilis SegrZnebas da amitom optimizmis erTgvar safuZvels qmnis. Tumca amas mohyveba imedgacruebac, gacnobiereba imisa, rom realobis TamaSi ukve aRarasodes damTavrdeba. personaJebi ubralod valdebulebi arian iTamaSon. iyo Tavisufali _ Ta na med rove valdebulebaa, rac, rasakvirvelia, absurdu-lia imitom, rom Tavisufleba ar SeiZleba iyos valdebuleba iseve, ro gorc Tanasworoba ar SeiZleba iyos Zaldatanebi-Ti. Tumca gaugebaria, visgan da risgan modis es yvelaferi? personaJebi, romlebic mTavar gmirs instruqciebs aZleven da amiT TiTqos Zalauflebis implimentacias akeTeben, si-namdvileSi ar arian Zalauflebis subieqtebi, isini iseTive obieqtebi arian da Tavis rols asruleben. totalitaruli Zalaufleba sinamdvileSi anonimuri upirov no sistemaa da amitom aris is daumarcxebeli. leo karaksi mwvaved akritike-bs Tanamedrove dasavlur liberalur sistemas.

rasakvirvelia, yvelaferi, rasac deliozi werda, ukri-tikod ar unda miviRoT. Cemi azriT, deliozi metismetad did moTxovnebs uyenebda sinamdviles. undoda filosofia exila metaforebisgan daclil diskursul praqtikad. xolo rodesac amis SesaZleblobas ver xedavs (nicSe filosofiur azrovnebas saerTod metaforebis aRlums adarebda, razec Zalian kargad wers derida Tavis `gramatologiaSi~), deli-ozi saerTod uars ambobs enaze. aseTi revoluciuri radika-lizmi saerTod damaxasiaTebelia Tanamedrove frangi post-modernistebisaTvis. ufro pirdapiri gamosavali iqneboda

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imis aRiareba, rom Tanamedrove filosofia sinamdvileSi ukve didi xania literaturaa.literatura ki gramatkis da enis miRmaa. is Semoqmede biToba, romelsac deliozi kinos moZrav mxatvrul saxeebSi xedavs, literaturaSic xorciel-deba. xulio kortasaris `jon hauelis instruqcia~, `TamaSis dasasruli~ Tu `mdevari~ idealuri magaliTia qronologi-urobis darRvevis da deliozis sayvareli paradoqsuli fi-nalisa. literaturas ar sWirdeba kino imitom, rom Tavadac SeuZlia moZravi mxatvruli saxeebis Seqmna.

sosiuri literaturas metyvelebas miakuTvnebs da gamo-yofs mas enisgan. Tu ena aris forma, romelic eqvemdebareba mxolod Tavis wesrigs, literaturaSi yovelTvis aris Semoq-medeba da ar arsebobs misgan ganTavisuflebis aucilebloba. namdvili mecniereba SesaZlebelia mxolod enaze, xolo Semoqmedeba _ metyvelebaSi. ena da metyveleba struqturu-li lingvistikis ZiriTadi kategoriebia da sxva diqotomie-bTan erTad (simbolo-sistema, konotati-denotati) binarul opozicias ayalibebs. metyveleba da ena mSvenivrad Tanaarse-boben manam, sanam erTmaneTis kompetencias ar arRveven. kom-petencia am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. naum xoms-kis gramatikis miseul koncefciaSi ena-metyvelebis nacvlad Semoaqvs kompetencia-performansis dualuri opozicia. Tu deliozis mosazrebebs struqturalsturi kritikis Tval-sazrisiT ganvixilavT, unda gavixsenoT, ratom aidealebs struqturalizmi maTematikas, rogorc diskursul praqti-kas. struqturalizmi iseve, rogorc vitgenStainis logikuri pozitivizmi, mecnierul ideals xedavs maTematikaSi, radgan is usubieqto enaa, ena, romelic miSel seris sityvebiT `piris gareSe metyvelebs~. Tumca gansxvaveba imaSia, rom logikuri pozitivizmisTvis ena instrumentia, struqturalizmisTvis ki _ Seswavlisa da erTaderTi interesis obieqti, romlis msgavsadac aris mowyobili yvelaferi, maT Soris, sazoga-doebac. struqturalizmi tradiciul subieqts (adamians) anacvlebs mentaluri struqturebiT. levi-strosTan da fu-kosTan subieqts anacvlebs epistemebi, subieqti ki warmoad-

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gens metyvelebis funqcias. deliozi, marTalia, winaaRmdegia epistemebisa da maTgan gaTavisufleba surs, magram ironia imaSia, rom TviTonac Tavisi epistemebi Semoaqvs. mis mier Semotanili warmodgenebi moZrav mxatvrul saxeebze, de-nadobaze, mravlobiTobaze da rizomaze sinamdvileSi aseve epistemebia da gaugebaria, ratom unda hqondeT maT princi-puli upiratesoba enisgan ganTavisuflebis TvalsazrisiT. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, isev igive Sedegamde mivdivarT: azris referencialuri wyaros da sazrisis ontologiuri statu-sis uaryofamde. am SemTxvevaSi epistemologia isev darCeba Semecnebis Teoriad Semecnebis subieqtis gareSe, xolo Semec-neba _ ara axali codnis warmoebad, aramed arsebuli cod-nis gadawerad, movlenad, romelsac duplikaciis princips uwodeben. ratom ar aris am SemTxvevaSi moZravi mxatvru-li saxeebi kinoSi mxolod duplikacia imisa, rac ukve iyo literaturaSi, ratom ucxadebs Jil deliozi kinos praqti-kulad ulimito kredits? ufro logikuri iqneboda, filo-sofiis momavali da adgili kinosTan ki ara, literaturasTan dagvekavSirebina. kinosadmi Jil deliozis aseT mijaWvu-lobas da siyvaruls martivi axsna aqvs. deliozma SesZlo is, rac sxvam veravin moaxerxa. Jil deliozma pirvelma dainaxa moZraobis fenomenis roli kadrirebis procesSi. deliozs ara marto kino uyvars, aramed Tavisi aRmoCenac kinoSi da vin icis, romeli siyvaruli ufro Zlieria. amitom aris kino de-liozisTvis gansakuTrebiT axlo da mniSvnelovani.

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J u r n a l i s t i k a

manana SamiliSvili

zurab qarumiZis kreolizebuli mediateqstebi

Cven popularuli vizualuri kulturis epoqaSi vcxov-robT. epoqaSi, romelSic xiluli, TvalsaCino, Tvalmdegi nabeWd Tu xmovan teqstze upiratesia. metic, xSirad verbal-urs mxolod damazusteblis funqcia aqvs SerCenili. amitom, gasakviri araa, rom Semoqmedsac epoqis gamowvevisda kvalad uxdeba gamoxatvis formebis Zieba; im yalibSi anivTebs sity-vas, rasac Tanadrouloba karnaxobs, risi saWiroebac realur droSi iqmneba. marTalia, droisadmi xarkis gaRebaze ufro, es novaciebi mkiTxvelis mozidvasa da komerciul miznebs em-saxureba, magram es sul sxva gansjis sagania...

nebismier siaxleze saubrisas, arc kargad daviwyebuli Zvelis banaluri Tema unda gamogvrCes mxedvelobidan _ TviT yvelaze inovaciuri da axlis mauwyebeli xom erT dros arsebulisa da gamocdilis gameoreba anda misi interpreta-cia gaxlavT. jer kidev gasuli saukunis ormocdaaTianebSi makluenma (z. qarumiZisgan “makluhan marSal-mamasaxlisad” wodebulma) gvamcno, rom Tavad saSualebaa Setyobinebao da internetis eras daudo saTave _ aTasgvari socialuri qsel-iTa da onlaingamocemiT. Tumca, es siaxlec erT dros, anti-kur xanaSi, kacobriobis mier nacadi komunikaciuri formeb-is _ sajaro Tavyrilobebis, forumebis, agoras Tu qarTuli „safixvno“ _ „salaybos“ reprezentacias hgavs.

axali arc is siaxlea, romelzedac amjerad unda gavamax-viloT yuradReba. masac moeZebneba istoriuli wanamZRvrebi, Tumca, gansakuTrebuli datvirTva swored dRes, „Tvalsa-seiros“ batonobis xanaSi SeuZenia da postmodernulobis Tanmdev movlenad qceula. sityva mwerlis TviTgamoxatvis

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erT-erT formaze _ dRevandeli, ase vTqvaT, „xatweriTi“ droisTvis niSneul kreolizebul teqstebze unda CamovagdoT.

yvelas kargad gvaxsovs antuan de sent egziuperis ge-nialuri „patara ufliswuli,“ avtoris xelweriTve dasur-aTxatebuli dauviwyari teqsti. „patara ufliswulis“ nax-atebi marTlac unikaluria. isini enobriv barierebs arRveven da yvelasTvis sacnauri, universaluri vizualuri leqsiko-nis nawilad iqcevian.

verbalurisa da vizualuris aseTi ostatobiT Sezavebis „klasikuri“ nimuSebi mravlad SegviZlia moviZioT. Tumca, egziuperis SemTxvevaSi, naxatebs mxolod ilustrirebis funqcia rodi aqvs. isini organuli nawilia nawarmoebisa da iseTive mniSvnelovania, rogoric Tavad teqsti _ gansxvave-biT Tanamedrove mwerlis xelwerisgan, romelSic vizualur komponents ilustrirebis, naTqvamis ukeT gamoxatvis mniS-vneloba Tu SerCenia.

gamomsaxvelobiTma elementebma metadre multidiscip-linur WrilSi SeiZina aqtualoba. logikuricaa, radgan Tana-medrove „mediazirebul“ epoqaSi komunikaciis nairgvari sa-Sualebebi erT mTlian metateqsts qmnian, romelSic, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, verbalurs sul ufro metad daviwroebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba da, saboloo jamSi, teqsti vizualuri Semadgenlis amxsnelad gvevlineba _ „pirvelad gamosaxule-bas vkiTxulobT“ (r. barti).

Sors varT im azrisgan, TiTqos axalTaobis mweralTa amg-vari „Ziebani“ yovelTvis niWierebiT iyos aRbeWdili, piriqiT, amgvari gamosvla xSirad ufro TviTmiznuria da brma mimbaZ-velobis elferi dahkravs. magram, arsebobs gamonaklisebic, rodesac vizualizeba konceptualur mniSvnelobas iZens da avtoris mizandasaxulobiT marTldeba, organulad erwymis mis saTqmels da ukeT gamoxatavs Canafiqrs. „semantikurad gamdidrebuli“ amgvari teqstebi mwerlis mier sinamdvi-lis xatovnad, mravalferovnad asaxvis survils amJRavnebs. zurab qarumiZis TqmiT, Tanamedrove avtorebi ~siuJets Tu mimarTaven _ isev da isev siuJeturobis parodirebis mizniT;

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mxatvrul qsovils ki xelovnebis sxva dargebisgan nasesxebi formebis meSveobiT amrTeleben~ (nemsaZe 2008: 125).

vidre SevecdebodeT avxsnaT, ra fenomenTan gvaqvs saqme da rogor vlindeba teqstis kreolizebis tendencia Taname-drove mwerlis xelweraSi, mis ontologiur statusze gava-maxvilebT yuradRebas.

rogorc cnobilia, teqstSi Cadebuli Setyobineba Sei-Zleba warmodgenili iyos verbalurad (sityvieri teqsti) an ikonurad, e. i., gamomsaxvelobiTad (berZ. eikon _ gamosaxule-ba). avtoris ZiriTadi amocanaa, teqstis aRsaqmelad recipi-enti (am SemTxvevaSi _ mkiTxveli) metnaklebad sasiamovno pi-robebiT uzrunvelyos. teqstis xasiaTisa da daniSnulebidan gamomdinare, mas SeuZlia gamosaxvis ama Tu im saSualebebis varireba moaxdinos. swored informaciis gadacemis verbal-uri da araverbaluri gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis er-Toblioba qmnis kreolizebul (Sereuli tipis) teqsts (val-gina 2003). verbalur da ikonur teqstTa urTierTqmedeba uzrunvelyofs nawarmoebis mTlianobas, mis komunikaciur efeqtianobas.

kreolizebul anu „semiotikurad gamdidrebul“ teqsteb-Si verbaluri da vizualuri komponentebi ganuyofelia erT-maneTisgan. amgvari teqstebis aRqmaSi ilustraciul-vizua-lur Semadgenels gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba. erT-erTi komponentis moSorebiT, darCenili an aRar gadascems infor-macias, an amas nawilobriv axerxebs, an kidev sxvagvarad in-terpretirdeba. unda SevniSnoT, rom kreolizebis saSuale-baTa sruli speqtri jer kidev araa gamovlenili da aRwerili. zogadad, kreolizeba, teqstualobis pirobebida mixedviT, sxvadasxva semiotikuri sistemis saSualebaTa kombinirebas gulisxmobs. axla terminis etimologiazec gavamaxviloT yuradReba.

sityva „kreolizebis“ Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba ram-denime eTnosis sisxlis aRrevis Sedegad axali eTnikuri jgufebis aRmocenebis process ukavSirdeba. rogorc gvax-sovs, „kreolebs“ (frang. créole; esp. criollo; port. crioulo; laT.

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creare _ Seqmna, aRmoceneba) laTinur amerikaSi espaneli da portugalieli axalmosaxleebisa da adgilobrivTa Sereuli qorwinebis Sedegad dabadebulebs uwodebdnen. mogvianebiT, kreolebad moixseniebdnen Crdilo da samxreT amerikis kol-oniebis teritoriebze evropidan CamosaxlebulTa yvela STamomavals. erT teritoriaze mosaxle ramdenime eTnosis urTierTgavlenis procesi, cxadia, iwvevda maTi erovnuli enebis urTierTqmedebasac. aqedan warmosdgeba meore, vi-wrolingvisturi mniSvneloba terminisa: kreolizeba aris ax-ali (leqsikisa da gramatikis mxriv Sereuli) enis formirebis procesi, ramdenime enis urTierTqmedebis Sedegi (iacenko 1999); procesi, romelic pijinizacias (enaTa kontaqtis Sede-gad axali enis warmoqmna) axlavs. Sesabamisad, kreolizebulad (kreolurad) iwodeba enebi, romlebic ramdenime enis Serevis Sedegad aRmocenda. 1990 wels i. a. sorokinma da e. f. tara-sovma SemogvTavazes termini _ „kreolizebuli teqstebi“, im teqstTa aRsaniSnad, „romelTa faqtura ori arahomogenuri nawilisgan Sedgeba“ (sorokini... 1990: 180 -181).

unda SevniSnoT, rom teqstebi, SesaZloa, nawilobriv an mTlianad iyos kreolizebuli. pirvel jgufSi verbaluri da ikonuri komponentebi erTmaneTTan avtosemantikur urT-ierTobas amyareben. rodesac verbaluri nawili SedarebiT avtonomiuria, teqstis gamomsaxvelobiTi elementebi ki _ masze daqvemdebarebuli. aseTi SeTanxmeba xSirad gvxvdeba sagazeTo, samecniero-popularul da mxatvrul teqstebSi. mTliani kreolizaciis teqstebSi komponentebis Zlieri Ser-wyma TvalsaCinovdeba. aq verbalur da ikonur komponentebs Soris insemantikuri urTierToba myardeba: verbaluri teqs-ti srulad damokidebulia gamomsaxvelobiT Semadgenelze, xolo TviT gamosaxuleba teqstis aucilebel elementad gvevlineba. aseTi urTierTdamokidebuleba Cveulebriv Seim-Cneva reklamaSi (plakati, karikatura, gancxadebebi da sxv.), aseve _ samecniero da gansakuTrebiT, samecniero-teqnikur teqstebSi.

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Tuki kreolizebuli teqstis zemoaRniSnul nimuSSi an-tuan sent egziuperis „patara ufliswulSi“ verbaluri teqs-ti da avtoris naxatebi ganucalkevebel mTlianobas qmnis, mxatvrul teqstze darTuli mxatvrul-saxeobrivi ilus-traciebi, verbalur teqstTan mimarTebiT, met-naklebad in-arCunebs avtonomiurobas. am SemTxvevaSi verbaluri teqstis avtorsa da mxatvar-ilustrators erTi mizandasaxuloba amoZravebT. magaliTad SegviZlia movixmoT Tanamedrove ger-maneli klasikosisa da nobelis premiis laureatis giunter grasis cnobili nawarmoebis „Tunuqis dolis“ ilustrireba aseve Rirssacnobi mxatvris hubertus giibes mier. mweralsa da mxatvars Soris am erTgvari interaqciiT naTlad vlin-deba, rom, miuxedavad saerTo Temisa da siuJetisa, fermweri formalurad mihyveba teqstis siuJetur-kompoziciur xazs da rogorc Semoqmedi, ilustraciebSi nawarmoebis sakuTar xedvas gvTavazobs.

radganac gamomsaxvelobiTi nawili aRqmaze Zlier zemo-qmedebs, isec SeiZleba moxdes, rom niWieri mxatvris mier Sesrulebulma ilustraciebma „daCrdilon“ sityvebiT daxatuli saxeebi da damoukideblad arsebobis ufleba moi-povon. savsebiT realuria, rom verbaluri teqstis aRqma maT-iT moxdes, radgan isini saxeobrivad, TvalnaTliv gviamboben literaturuli teqstis Sesaxeb. amis Tavidan asacileblad bevri mwerali sakuTari nawarmoebebis ilustrirebaze prin-cipulad ambobs uars.

sadReisod metad imZlavra sagazeTo teqstis kreolize-bis tendenciam, rac Tanamedrove mkiTxvelis mowadinebiTac SeiZleba avxsnaT. mas surs, Seamciros teqsturi sivrce ise, rom SeinarCunos (zogjer gaafarToos) sainformacio veli. swored kreolizeba gvexmareba ise SevkumSoT teqsti, rom aman araTu Seamciros misi „didaqtikuri moculoba“, aramed gazardos kidec igi. amitomacaa, rom dRevandeli gazeTi sul ufro metad iZens sityvier-vizualur xasiaTs.

saerTod unda iTqvas, rom postmodernuli epoqis maso-briv mkiTxvels tradiciuli mravalgverdiani, ilustracie-

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biT „gauzavebeli“ teqstebisgan „daRliloba“ etyoba. imav-droulad, e. begenevas SexedulebiT, gamosaxulebis, rogorc „teqstis sivrceSi sarkmlis“ (m. libermanis metafora) mimarT Tanamedrove midgomaSi SeiZleba davinaxoT mniSvnelovani me-Toduri problemis gadaWris saSualeba _ enobrivi ganswav-lis gza adamianisa, romelic teqstze araa orientirebuli (rac garTobiT axali codnis SeTavazebas niSnavs, anu _ gaar-To problemisgan yuradRebis mouSoreblad) (begeneva 2009).

nawarmoebis ZiriTadi ideis gamomsaxvelad mwerali xSirad mimarTavs karikaturas, romelsac sakuTari TxzulebisTvis ZiriTadad Tavad qmnis. karikaturebi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba saagitacio literaturaSic. aq maT umTavresad ideologi-uri datvirTva aqvs. vizualizebis am saxes aqtiurad iyenebda sabWoTa presac. „...yvela epoqis sabWoTa satiruli Jurnal-ebi savse iyo wonaSi momtyuebelTa karikaturebiT...“ (mor-CilaZe 2014: 20). sadReisod gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba agreTve r. bartis mier „saxis ritorikaSi“ xazgasmul komunikaciur formas _ reklamas, romelic sxvadasxvagvar niSnur masalas emyareba da semiologiurad garTulebuli teqstis tips miekuTvneba.

reklamis Sesaxeb galaktioni 1932 wels werda: „reklamis praqtikuli mniSvneloba yvelasaTvis cxadia. amerikaSi igi umaRles wertilamdea misuli, milionebi ixarjeba rekla-misaTvis. sabWoTa kavSirSi reklamas did pativs scemen: mas aq saxelad hqvia propaganda, agitacia, presis Tu sxva saSu-alebiT. mxolod poetebs ar aqvT saSualeba ise gamoiyenon reklama, rogorc TviTon surT. es asec unda iyos. miuxeda-vad amisa, reklamis xerxebi Rirsia uaRresi Seswavlis, kvali-fikaciis, kargad gamoyenebul reklamas srul gamarjvebamde mihyavs poeti. reklamis praqtikuli mniSvneloba ufro Zvir-fasia, Tu igi iyenebs sul axal miRwevebs, jer kidev ucnobs farTo masisaTvis. amiT imis Tqma ki ar minda, rom uaryofil iqnas Zveli xerxebi, piriqiT, es Zveli xerxebi ufro unda da-muSavdes, rom swored maTzea SesaZlebeli axal xerxTa gamog-oneba“ (tabiZe 1989: 68).

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poetis lamis saukunis uwindeli Sefaseba dResac saoc-rad Tanamedroved JRers. galaktions srulad aqvs warmod-genili reklamis roli da mniSvneloba nebismieri reJimis pirobebSi. zedmiwevniT zustadaa danaxuli reklamis agita-ciur-propagandistuli mizandasaxuloba, romlisganac arc erT epoqaSi ar daclila sareklamo industria. saqmianobis am pragmatuli sferos kvalificiuri Seswavlis aucile-blobaze rom miuTiTebs, mwerali imasac xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom siaxlis devnis maniam ar unda Segvipyros da ukritikod ar unda miviRoT yovelive axali, piriqiT, safuZvlianad av-won-davwonoT da Zvelsa da gamocdils ise movargoT.

reklamis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli mosazreba srulad Segvi-Zlia Cvens sasaubro Temazec ganvavrcoT. sadReisod asea, rom axlis damkvidrebis pretenziiT ZiriTadad TviTrekla-mirebis daufaravi survili mJRavndeba. Tumca, zurab qaru-miZis SemTxvevaSi sul sxva faqtorebi iCens Tavs. mwerali mediagamosvlas sazogadoebisTvis saWirboroto Temebis aq-tualizebisTvis iyenebs. vinaidan postmodernizmma aRqmis stimulirebisTvis sxvadasxvagvari teqnika masobrivi kul-turisgan aiTvisa, postmodernisti mwerlis mediateqstebis dizainic amave gamocdilebiT sargeblobs. gansakuTrebuli gamomsaxvelobiT-azrobrivi datvirTva mas kreolizebul teqstebSi eniWeba.

am mxriv gamoirCeva zurab qarumiZis bloguri Canawerebi, romlebic Jurnal „cxeli Sokoladis“ 2011 wlis beWdur da onlain versiebSi „blog-postebis“ saxeliTaa ganTavsebuli. aRniSnuli mediagamosvla Cveni cxovrebis erT-erT yvelaze mwvave periods emTxveva, rodesac qveyanaSi politikuri vne-baTaRelva piks aRwevs da kardinaluri cvlilebebis droc Sors aRaraa. arc mweralia am procesebisgan daSorebuli, isic aSkarad gamoxatavs politikur simpaTias da Riad amJRavnebs antisaxelisuflebo pozicias. Sesabamisad, naTeli xdeba misi amocanac _ satiruli kreolizebuli teqstebiT amxilos ar-sebuli reJimis mankierebani, dagmos sazogadoebis inertu-

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loba da uunaroba _ moqalaqeobrivi TviTSegnebis aRzeve-bis gziT Secvalos dromoWmuli. am TvalsazrisiT, qarumiZis Canawerebs e. w. politikuri Jurnalistikis mizandasaxuloba eniWeba. aq win iwevs literaturuli JurnalizmisTvis damaxa-siaTebeli subieqturi „me“, avtoriseuli pozicia, romelic saTqmelis vizualizebis gziT kidev ufro cxadi xdeba.

aRniSnul postebze Tvalis gadavlebac ki gvarwmunebs, rom isini modernistuli esTetikis stilSia Seqmnili, sa-dac mxatvruli Setyobineba metaforasTan igivdeba (ekos msgavsad, romelic metaforaSi erTi sagnis meoreTi aRniS-vnis meTods da amiT misi sruliad moulodneli saxiT war-modgenas gulisxmobs (eko 1994: 5 _ 9)). informaciulobis maRali xarisxi, romliTac z. qarumiZis Canawerebi gamoirCe-va, srulad gadmodis teqstebze darTul gamosaxulebeb-Sic, romelTac gamomsaxvelobiTi metaforebi SegviZlia vu-wodoT. rogorc barti ambobs, amgvari gamosaxulebebi „azris Zunwad gadmocemis“ nimuSebia (barti 1994: 297-318).

simbolur-alegoriulad gaazrebuli Cveni rTuli yofa, politikuri, nacionaluri da individualuri identobebis problema, msuye metaforebad gardaqmnili saWirboroto Temebi, moswrebulad, orlesurad Tqmuli simarTle, gaSar-Jebuli politikosebi, literaturuli asociaciebiT ga-jerebuli Txroba, polisemiuri leqsikuri erTeulebiT, neologizmebiT datvirTuli frazebi _ es is mxatvruli arsenalia, romliTac z. qarumiZe Tavis blogur Canawerebs Txzavs. misi sarkastuli xelwera im sinamdvilis piruTvnel asaxvas emsaxureba, romelSic `politika, miTologia da es-Tetika ise gadaixlarTa _ individualuri SemoqmedebisTvis adgilic aRar darCa~. mwerlis TqmiT, 90-ianebis `koleqtiur performanss~ Tanamedrove etapze sayovelTaod gabatonebu-li piar-teqnologiuri xerxis _ `spinis~ meSveobiT realo-bis gayalbebis propagandistuli meTodi Seenacvla.

siaxles aravisTvis warmoadgens, rom dRes `mediasaSu-alebebi gacilebiT damajereblebi da realurebi gaxdnen,

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vidre Tavad realobaa~. rogorc „modelirebisa“ da „simu-lakris“ yvelasTvis cnobili Teoriis avtori, J. bodri-ari ambobs: `mTavaria, samyaro CavrToT im maskaradisa da parodiis velSi, raSic Cven varT, CavrToT simulaciaSi da yvelafers SevZlebT. es TamaSia~. mediamarTvaSi gawafuli xelisufali warmatebiT iyenebs am princips, romlis daxmarebi-Tac `...raime mdare teqsti SeiZleba Sedevrad moaCveno xalxs iseve, rogorc politikuri marcxi an Secdoma _ gamarjvebad da winsvlad..~ (qarumiZe 2011: 5).

Aamgvari xelwera mwerals mixail baxtiniseuli karnavali-zebuli literaturis, seriozul-sasacilo Janris tradicie-bTan aaxlovebs. K`karnavaluri msoflgancda uzarmazari cx-ovelmyofeli gardamqmneli ZaliTa da iSviaTi gamZleobiT xasiaTdeba. Aamitom Cvens droSic ki seriozul-sasacilo

tradiciebTan Tundac Soreuli kavSiris mqone Janrebi Sei-

caven im karnavalur safuars, rac maT ganasxvavebs sxva Janre-

bisgan. isini raRac sxva niSniT arian aRbeWdilni, romliTac

maT advilad vcnobT. Mmaxvili smena yovelTvis gamoarCevs

karnavaluri msoflgancdis Tundac yvelaze Soreul eqos~

(baxtini 2010: 240).

baxtinis es mosazreba zedmiwevniT esadageba zurab qaru-

miZis `blog-postSi~ Canawers, saxelwodebiT _ The Mother of Invention _ `gamogonebis dedebi~, romelic Jurnal `cxeli

Sokoladis~ onlainversiaSi, 2012 wlis 18 ianvars ganTavsda

(qarumiZe 2012: 1). masSi avtori aqciis _ `gaamagre gudiaSvi-

li!~ _ erT-erTi monawilis, meZuZuri dedis, vinme natalia

nebieriZis originalur performansze saubrobs. perfor-

matori patara tumbos meSveobiT ZuZudan rZes iwvelida,

plastmasis erTjerad WiqebSi asxamda da publikas 50 TeTrad

sTavazobda.Aam warmodgenas blogerma, baxtiniseuli gagebiT, karnavalur qronotopSi gaTamaSeba uwoda. amiT man qarTvel-TaTvis mistikuri da sakraluri dedis ZuZus karnavalizacia anu desakralizacia moaxdina.

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„Tavisufleba bari-kadebze“ _ ase ewodeba eJen delak-ruas cno-bil namuSevars, romli-Tac man asaxa 1830 wlis revoluciis epizodi: brZola parizis quCebSi, barikadebze. swored es ilustracia uZRvis qar-umiZis teqsts amxsnel vizualur komponentad. sagulisxmoa, rom avtori

fotoreproduqcias winmswrebis funqcias aniWebs. gamom-saxvelobiTi teqsti mkiTxvels amzadebs verbaluri infor-maciis aRsaqmelad _ igi jer fotosuraTs apyrobs mzeras da Semdeg gadadis teqstze. am momentSi ilustracia erTgvari „priqvelis“ rolSi gvevlineba, teqstTan mimarTebiT avlens presupoziciur xasiaTs: mkiTxvelis molodinis horizon-tebs gamokveTs da mas movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis amzadebs.

SemoTavazebuli teqsturi masalis analizisas, mkiTxveli moixelTebs interteqstualur kodebs, romlebiTac suraTs teqstTan akavSirebs _ „kiTxulobs“ mas, rogorc siqvels (SegaxsenebT, rom siqveli (ing. sequel) nawarmoebia, romelic pirdapir gagrZelebas warmoadgens romelime adrindeli qm-nilebisa; „priqveli“ ki, piriqiT, am nawarmoebs win uZRvis). ufro konkretulad, mkerdmoSiSvlebuli qalis figura droSiT xelSi, romelic alegoriulad Tavisuflebas gana-saxierebs, performator nebieriZis performansisa da aqciis suliskveTebis simboluri gamoxatulebaa. interteqstualu-ria saTauric _ The Mother of Invention, romelic cnobili amer-ikeli kompozitorisa da satirikosis frenk zapas ansamblis saxelwodebidanaa aRebuli, radgan, mwerlisve TqmiT, „...amaT kidev karnavaluri dekonstruqciac magari icodnen da so-

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cialur-politikuri Radavic erTob exerxebodaT _ es zapas moyvarulebs kargad moexseneba...“ (teqsts, meti TvalsaCino-ebisTvis, internetresursic erTvis, zapas CanaweriT).

`musika yvelaze siRrmiseuli saxelovnebo Srea~ _ ase fiqrobs mwerali, romlis Semoqmedebac dasturia `drois gardasaxvisa sivrced, musikis meSveobiT~ (herman hese, `tra-malis mgeli~). aq warmodgenili bloguri Canawerebic inten-siuri Txrobis nimuSebia, romlebSic uxvi saxe-simboloebis momarjvebiT, avtori “gansxvavebulebs erTmaneTSi gardasax-avs~ da saWirboroto Temebze musikis TanxlebiT gvesaubreba. igi mkiTxvels msmeneladac aqcevs _ kreolizebuli teqste-bi Tematurad misadagebuli musikaluri àkompanementiTaa~ mowodebuli. Aase rom, mravalmxriv komunikaciaSi recipienti mkiTxvelicaa da msmenelic. Aam improvizaciaSi mwerlis dax-vewili musikaluri gemovnebac Cans (`melomani var, Tanac _ literatori~ _ z. qarumiZe), rac SesaniSnavad gamovlinda kidec mis erT-erT bolodroindel nawarmoebSi `jazis cxov-reba~. Aam warmatebul TxzulebaSi jazuri kompoziciebis musikaluri Sinaarsis gansityvebiT mwerali sakuTar musikas qmnis.

cxadia, gamosaxuleba, romelic axlavs zemoganxilul teqsts, ilustraciul-amxsnelis funqcias asrulebs. da aq gansakuTrebiT saintereso Tavisebureba ikveTeba _ teqst-Tan mimarTebiT is erTdroulad siqvelisa da priqvelis rolSi gamodis. sagulisxmoa is momentic, rom msgavsad naxa-tis avtorisa (naxatze ajanyebulTa Soris mxatvarma saku-Tari Tavic gamosaxa iaraRiT xelSi, radgan Tavadac aqtiurad monawileobda revoluciur movlenebSi. aqvea patara biWunas, gavroSis, gamosaxulebac, romelic literaturul nawarmoe-bebSi Tu mxatvrobaSi revoluciis saxasiaTo personaJadaa aRiarebuli), blogis avtoric sakuTar poziciaze mianiSnebs da „priqvelSive“ axdens teqstTan identificirebas. P

postmodernisti mwerlis msoflaRqmis prizmaSi moq-ceuli es konkretuli faqti ufro metis maniSnebelia, vidre erTi rigiTi performansi, Tundac Zalze epataJuri. z. qaru-

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miZes miaCnia, rom am aqciiT, romelic axalgazrdobis nawilma gudiaSvilis moedanze mSeneblobebis winaaRmdeg wamoiwyo, xelaxla daibada samoqalaqo sazogadoebis idea. `Sinaganad Tavisufali da jansaRad ironiuli~ _ ase moixseniebs igi protestantebis jgufs. Udamowmebuli TeoriiT axsnili es `situacionaluri invencia~ avtors Semdegi daskvnis (aseve karnavaluri paTosisa) saSualebas aZlevs: gudiaSvilis moedanze gaTamaSda performansi _ `sazogadoebis mkvebavi deda, romelic yidis demokratiis rZes~. Aam aqciaSi mkvebavi dedis sakralurma simbolom ganicada meqanizacia (tumbo) da komercializacia (fasis dadeba da gayidva, rogorc niSani imisa, rom demokratia kapitalizmis elementebis gareSe ar arsebobs). swored am gziT moxda misi desakralizacia. xolo es scena gaTamaSda iq, sadac xdeboda karnavali, sadac xalxi xumrobda, cekvavda, mReroda da qalaqis mesveurTa gadaw-yvetilebebs aprotestebda.

amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom zurab qarumiZis aRniSnul kreolizebul mediateqstSi saqme gvaqvs „gameorebasTan“ _ „remake~-Tan (kinos TeoriaSi es aris filmi, romelic im-ave saxelwodebis sxva filmis safuZvelzea gadaRebuli, oRond, kinomsaxiobTa axali gundis monawileobiT). kine-matografiuli rimeikis arsi isaa, rom xelaxla mogviTxros istoria, romelsac warmateba ukve xvda wilad. qarumiZis blogSic rimeikebi (klasikuri revoluciuri personaJebis aqciis monawileebTan dakavSireba) Semotanilia im mizniT, rom ufro STambeWdavad cxadyos konkretuli aqciis roli da mniSvneloba Tanamedrove qarTuli samoqalaqo sazoga-doebis CamoyalibebaSi; daexmaros mkiTxvels problemuri Temebis siRrmiseul gaazrebaSi.

Bblogisa da blogerobis Sesaxeb originaluri Tval-Taxedva SemogvTavaza zurab qarumiZem Tavis erT-erT pirvel CanawerSi, romliTac internet sivrceSi TviTprezen-taciis survili gvamcno. Mmisi aRqmiT, blogi èpistolarul-katastrofuli Janris Hi–tech analogs~ warmoadgens, ̀ digita-lur okeaneSi gadagdebul werils, romelic Tavis mkiTxvels

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rodisme mainc ipovis~ (qarumiZe 2011: 1). es axali sakacobrio `seni” mwerlis mier sarkastuladaa aRqmuli. internetze mi-jaWvulobis gamomwvevi mizezebis, misi fsiqologiuri faq-torebis siRrmiseuli gaazrebiT avtori kibermoRvaweobis erTgvar manifests Txzavs. igi blogingis funqciebze, mis Taviseburebebze msjelobs, ase vTqvaT, ònlainidentobis~ doneebs qmnis. magaliTad, internetsivrcis maintegrirebel rolze ase ityvis: `rac ufro Sors xar, miT ufro vblogav...~ blogingis maxasiaTebel monologurobas dialogis moTxov-nilebiT xsnis _ adamianis mudmivi saWiroebiT, esaubros sx-vas: ̀ yoveli monologi Tavis siRrmeSi dialogia – viRacasTan qvecnobieri dava Tu gabaaseba.~ Tanac, am sivrceSi urTier-Toba gaadvilebulia, radgan `virtualuri sxva~ Sens sivrce-Si SemoWriTa da yofierebis dangreviT ar gemuqreba.

mwerali internetis winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTsac SeniSnavs.M misi TqmiT, igi òrlesuli maxviliviTaa~, demokratiul ide-ebsac avrcelebs da aTasi juris eqstremistis azrebsac; amasTan, Aantiglobalistur funqciasac iTavsebs (`sadme ger-maniasa Tu inglisSi gadaxvewili, ltolvili avRaneli mainc avRaneli rCeba _ iqaur internet TemSi (Internet community), anu _ igive TemaSi (givi margvelaSvili rogorc ityoda)”) da individualuri identobis krizisis daZlevaSic gvexmareba – `vblogav, maSasadame varsebob~. Aase warmoidgineT, erovnuli identobis krizissac Svelis – teritoriebi Tu davkargeT, axali teritoriebi SeviZineT. magaliTad, `feisbuki~, romel-Sic lamisaa naxevari saqarTvelo gadabargdes. yvelaferTan erTad, realuri sazRvrebis virtualurad gadalaxvis saSu-alebas gvaZlevs: `Tu dakarguli teritoriebi blok-poste-biTaa Caxergili, axladSeZenili virtualuri miwebis kari blogebiT da postebiT gvexsneba – blog-postebiT~ (ase qvia kidec z. qarumiZis blogur Canawerebs `cxeli Sokoladis~ onlain gamocemaSi).U

tragikul ironiad ismis mwerlis sityvebi: `kacobriobis xomaldi internet-okeaneSi iZireba da werilis wasaRebad gamzadebuli mgzavrebi Tavadve weren werils...~ mwerlis mier

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ostaturad gamoyenebuli idiomuri gamoTqma _ `werilis waReba~ _ orbunebovania: erTi mxriv, imqveynad wasvlis sinon-imad moixmoba, sxva mxriv ki _ aRsasrulisken mswrafi kaco-briobis TviTganadgurebis sindromis aRmniSvnel simbolod. realurisa da virtualuris erTdroulad SepirispirebiTa da maT Soris sazRvrebis waSliT naTlad vlindeba avtoris Canafiqri _ SeuZleblis SesaZleblad warmodgeniT kidev ufro mkafiovdeba kibersivrcis ambivalenturoba. am per-formansSi Cans misi namdvili buneba _ rac ufro gaaxlovebs, miT ufro gaSorebs, radgan internet-okeaneSi `dakargulTa~ mcdeloba _ eZion Tvistomni, martosulobisa da miusafro-bis gancdas mainc ver Svelis.

Mzurab qarumiZis bloguri Canawerebi (samwuxarod, mxo-lod mcirericxovani _ mwerlis bolo onlaingamosvla 2012 wlis 18 ianvriT TariRdeba) cxadad gviCvenebs, Tu raoden didi mniSvneloba eniWeba politikur satiras mwerlur kibernaR-vawSi. es saukeTeso gzaa, raTa satirikosis mier lakonurad, minimalisturad, tropulad mowodebuli Tanadroulobis yvelaze aqtualuri problematika siRrmiseulad gaviazroT.Aamgvari teqstebi erudirebul mkiTxvelzea gaTvlili. isini kompoziciuradac gamoirCeva _ gaformebulia ilustra-ciebiT, romelTac simboluri datvirTva aqvs da saTqmels alegoriulad gamoxatavs. unda iTqvas, rom zurab qarumiZis Canawerebi udavod miekuTvneba kreolizebul teqstebs, rom-lebSic avtoris Canafiqri verbaluri da ikonikuri saSuale-bebis mTlianobaSi gamoixateba. teqstis Tanmxlebi satiruli ilustraciebi ara mxolod danamatebia, aramed informacii-Taa gajerebuli da mwerlis saTqmels avsebs; asociaciuri sa-Taurebi ki avtoriseuli ideis vizualizacias Amet gamomsax-velobas aniWebs. rodesac z. qarumiZis kreolizebuli teqstebis Tavisebure-bebze vsaubrobT, pirvel yovlisa, metaforebis siuxve unda SevniSnoT. `mxolod metaforebi, nothing personal...~ _ swored ase warumZRvarebia kidec avtors `blog-postSi~ morigi CanawerisTvis _ `biZina ivaniSvilis identoba da nacarqeq-

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iebi~ (qarumiZe 2011: 1). misi erT-erT person-aJi gvarad “qinZeria.” mavani amerikeli Jur-nalistis gvars amo-farebuli satiriko-sis Canafiqris gamocnoba rTuli araa (sxvagan skabrezuli slengisgan nawarmoeb `SigalovSCinas~ iyen-

ebs). gamogonili gvaris kompozitad warmodge-

nisas miRebuli sityvaTSeTanxmeba _ `qinZi eri~ asociaciuri paralelizmis principiT l. berZeniSvilis msgavs `mignebas~ exmianeba. masac es satiruli xerxi aqvs gamoyenebuli idento-bis `kulinariul~ doneze saubrisas, rodesac qarTvel ers moixseniebs, rogorc populus koriandri _ `qinZis xalxi~ da amas sakvebi mcenaris mimarT Cveni gansakuTrebuli naciona-luri damokidebulebiT xsnis. Tumca, arc am `neologizmis~ avtoris qveteqstia rTuli amosacnobi. miuxedavad imisa, rom amgvari eWvis gaqarwylebas igi windawinve cdilobs, uaryofiT mainc xdeba daSveba (SamiliSvili 2013: 346).

am CanawerSi qarumiZe Cvens yuradRebas politikur avanscenaze axladmovlenili Q`WorvilaSi dasaxlebuli sa-frangeT-ruseTis moqalaqis” identifikaciis problemaze miapyrobs. am `rimeikiT~, romelic `konkias” zRapars ivaniS-vilis ambavTan akavSirebs (`biZina ufro àmerikuli ocnebis~ (American Dream) materializaciis magaliTia~) da mas `nacar-qeqiasTan~, lamis erovnuli identobis ganmasaxierebel arak-Tan apirispirebs, mwerali cdilobs imdroindeli rTuli politikuri viTareba mdidari literaturuli asociacie-biT gadmosces. ilustracia, romelic teqsts winmswrebad axlavs, `konkias~ zRapris siuJets asaxavs. verbaluri Se-tyobinebiT avtors meti “sicxade” Seaqvs simbolur gamosa-

`konkias etli~

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xulebaSi da gvTavazobs axal metaforebs, romlebic vizua-luri Setyobinebis konteqstad aRiqmeba: àse ikveTeba kidev erTi literaturuli asociacia _ `Worvileli frangi~, Tu `Worvileli rusi~ _ Cendrillon-Золушка _ konkia ivaniSvili da nacarqeqiebi... maT Soris didi ciloba Camovarda. romeli narativi gaimarjvebs _ Cendrillon-Золушка _ konkia Tu nacar-qeqia? sakiTxavi ai es aris...~ am SemTxvevaSi teqsti gamosax-ulebis identificirebas ki ar axdens, aramed mis interpre-tacias gvTavazobs _ aviwroebs konotaciis mniSvnelobebs, magram aZlierebs dakavSirebis funqcias.

deklarirebulsa da realurs Soris kontrastis saCve-neblad blogeri qarumiZe simbolod arc `fexsalagis~ xmare-bas erideba, metic, igi saxeldebaSi gamoaqvs (qarumiZe 2011: 4). am SemTxvevaSic sityva orgvari mniSvnelobiTaa naxmari: rogorc pirdapiri _ sapirfareSos sinonimi, ise gadataniTi _ globalur samyaroSi Cveni alagis Ziebis uSedego mcde-lobebis, politikuri identobis krizisis aRmniSvneli. aR-saniSnsa da aRmniSvnels Soris aSkara Seusabamobis niSnad moxmobili `fexsalagi~ politikuri viTarebis absurdulo-bis xazgasmas emsaxureba. avtoris TqmiT, WeSmaritebis mo-nopolizebis pirobebSi, WeSmaritebis maZieblis mcdeloba iseTive fuWia, rogorc batoni kasi, kafkas `procesSi~.

mwerlis CanawerebSi araerTi magaliTia popartmonumen-tebis politikur simboloebad gaazrebisa. magaliTad, ìanu-sisebri velosipedi~, romelic `redisonTan~ daidga, mwerals Cveni maradiuli dilemis _ sivrciTi orientiris (dasav-leTi/aRmosavleTi) gansazRvris problemaze mianiSnebs: `...erTsa da imave dros sapirispiro mimarTulebiT mivdivarT: qveynisken, romelic formiT evropulia, xolo SinaarsiT aziuri. mokled, Cvenc mini-evrazielebi varT...~ sxvagan, wina xeli-suflebis xisti gadawyvetilebebis kritikisas, aseve popartis Tanamedrove nimuSs moiSveliebs: ài sad unda yo-filiyvnen frTxilni, sad unda evloT ise, TiTqos ̀ Slopance-biT~ kvercxebze...~

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am qargazea agebuli mwerlis enamaxviluri bloguri Canawerebi. aseTia blogeris mier mravlismTqmeli, tevadi satiruli metaforebiT asaxuli Cveni politikuri realoba, gaSarJebuli politikosebi (`meore zviadia~ ̀ pirveli miSa~, an kidev: ̀ ivaniSvili patara kacia da ara patarkaciSvili, patara kaci, romelic oci welia did saqmeebs akeTebs~ da a. S.). mwe-rali cdilobs, problemebze Tvali agvixilos, Seuferade-blad gviCvenos realoba, fiqrs mogvaCvios... mxolod am gziT SevZlebT warsulis inerciis daZlevas, Cveni alagis povnas globalur samyaroSi.

zurab qarumiZis kreolizebul mediateqstebze dakvirve-bis Sedegad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom teqstSi araverbaluri saSu-alebebis gamoyenebiT, avtori mis hipoTetur interpretacias gvTavazobs, suraTs teqstTan interteqstualur dialogSi akavSirebs (SedarebisTvis: erotika (kamasutra) _ politika, fexsalagi _ sivrciTi TviTidentifikaciis dilema, konkia _ nacarqeqiebi, Alma Mater (Tavisuflebisa da codnis `mkvebavi deda~) _ AAlma Pater (paternalisturi nacionalizmis `mkve-bavi~ universiteti) da sxv.). mkiTxveli, „romelTanac teqsti implicitur SeTanxmebas aRwevs“, aRaraa miamiti mkiTxveli, romelsac ganacvifrebda ilustraciis uadgiloba (begeneva 2009). igi kritikul mkiTxvelad iqceva, romelsac moswons Senacvlebis moulodneli „xriki~. kritikuli mkiTxveli er-TaderT marTebul hipoTezas wamoswevs suraTis funqciuri mniSvnelobis mxriv, xolo teqstis Semdgomi gacnoba amas adasturebs. gamosaxulebaSi eqosaviT gaismis teqstis paTo-si, TamaSSi iwvevs mkiTxvelis enobrivi mexsierebis sivrces. teqsti ki, Tavis mxriv, mkiTxvels mis kulturul „samemkvi-dreoSi“ gzavnis (ase uwodebs eko enciklopediur codnas, romlis or, erTaderT SesaZlebel nawilebad teqstebisa da samyaros Sesaxeb codnas miiCnevs).

mkvlevrebisa da fotografiis istorikosebis mier ara-erTgzis aRiniSna, rom fotografia ukve TavisTavad meta-foraa, vinaidan mravali mniSvnelobis aRmoceneba SeuZlia (vaSakiZe 2008: 38-39). Mmagram, umetesad swored gamosaxule-

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bisa da sityvis SeTanxmeba badebs metaforul saxeebs. Cven mier ganxiluli nimuSebi kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom ne-bismieri gamosaxuleba polisemiuria, xolo kreolizebul teqstebSi igi swor pasuxs ukeTebs markirebas.

amgvarad, Tuki kreolizebis „klasikur“ nimuSebSi gamosaxulebas teqstis aqsesuaris, ufro metad eqspresiuli da esTetikuri funqcia eniWeba, Tanamedrove mwerlis xel-weraSi mas teqstis ucilobeli komponentis, SeiZleba asec iTqvas _ teqstis gareT arsebuli kompoziciuri elementis mniSvneloba SeuZenia. am SemTxvevaSi vizualur Semadgenels konceptualuri datvirTva aqvs _ misTvis komunikaciuri da semantikuri mniSvnelobebis miniWebiT mwerali TviTgamox-atavis originalur formebs eZiebs da Tanadroulobis yve-laze mwvave problemebis aqtualizebas cdilobs, amasTan, igi saTqmels sruliad moulodneli kuTxiT warmoaCens. da am er-Tian groteskul performansSi TvalnaTliv irekleba Taname-drove sazogadoebaSi aqsiologiuri paradigmis cvlilebisa da Rirebulebebis devalvaciis procesi.

swored zemoaRniSnuli gaxlavT mTavari ganmasxvavebeli kreolizebuli teqstebis e. w. klasikuri da postmodernis-tuli versiebisa. am ukanasknelSi „didaqtikuri“ elementebi SarJuls erwymis da Rrma sociokulturuli problemebis „msubuqad“ da “enciklopediurad” warmoCenas isaxavs miz-nad (es ori principia avtorisTvis yvelaze saintereso _ saTqmels maTi SexamebiT gadmoscems). miuxedavad amisa, z. qarumiZe cdilobs „oqros Sualedis“ SenarCunebas _ TamaSi-sas mainc ar Tmobs gulSematkivris pozicias da bolomde ar „wiravs“ tradiciuls. xSirad misi TamaSi ufro TamaSisTvisaa (`...garkveulwilad, es, albaT, maneracaa~ _ a. nemsaZe), vidre winaswarganzraxuli destruqcia, mkiTxvelis cnobierebaze gavlenis mosapoveblad mimarTuli.

mwerali qmnis kreolizebul teqstebs da amiT gamalebu-li kulturuli „hibridizaciis“ pirobebSi Cveni „aRreuli“ statusis ukeT gaazrebisken iswrafvis.

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damowmebani:

barti 1994: БартР. Риторикаобраза // Избранные работы: Семиотика. Поэтика. М., 1994. С. 297-318, http://www.durov.com/literature1/barthes-94a.htm

baxtini 2010: baxtini m. karnavalizebuli literatura // litera-

turis Teoriis qrestomaTia. t. II, literaturis institutis gamomc.,

Tb.: 2010.

begeneva 2009: Бегенева Е.И.,УЧЕБНИК НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ: СЕМАНТИКО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПОДПИСИ В ИЛЛЮСТРИРОВАННОМ ТЕКСТЕ. Мат-лы I Международной научно-практической Интернет-конференции «Русский

язык@Литература@Культура, veb.mis.: http://world.russianforall.ru/conf. ganTavse-

bulia 2009 wlis 29 noembridan.

eko 1994: Эко У., Инновация и повторение. Между эстетикой модерна и постмодерна: http://belintellectuals.eu/library/book/18/

valgina 2003: Валгина Н. С. Теория Текста. Москва,:Логос, 2003.

vaSakiZe 2008: vaSakiZe k. siurealizmis gavlena Tanamedrove foto-

Jurnalistikis principebis Camoyalibebaze. samagistro naSromi (xelmZ-

Rvaneli _ g. wibaxaSvili), Tbilisi, 2008.

iacenko 1999: Яценко Н. Е. Толковый словарь обществоведческих терминов. –

СПб: Лань, 1999.

morCilaZe 2014: morCilaZe a. Crdili gzaze. Tb.: bakur sulakauris

gamomc., 2014.

nemsaZe 2008: nemsaZe a. `Txa da gigos~ postmodernistuli versia. kri-

tika. № 3, Tbilisi, lit. institutis gamomc., 2008.

sorokini... 1990: Сорокин Ю. А., Тарасов Е. Ф., Креолизованные тексты и их

коммуникативная функция / Ю. А. Сорокин, Е. Ф. Тарасов // Оптимизация речевого воздействия. М.: Высшая школа, 1990.

tabiZe 1989: tabiZe g. Txzulebani or wignad. wigni meore. Tb.: „sabWoTa

saqarTvelo“, 1989.

qarumiZe 2011: qarumiZe z. saubrebi literaturaze. interviu Teona

dolenjaSvilTan. “Weekend”, 21 Tebervali, 2011.

qarumiZe 2011: qarumiZe z. `zurab qarumiZis blogi~. cxeli Sokoladi,

vebmis.: http://shokoladi.ge/blogs/zurab-karumize ganTavsebulia 2011 wlis 27 se-

qtembridan.

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qarumiZe 2011: qarumiZe z. `biZina ivaniSvilis identoba da nacarqeq-

iebi~. cxeli Sokoladi, vebmis.: http://shokoladi.ge/blogs/zurab-karumize gan-

Tavsebulia 2011 wlis 4 noembridan.

qarumiZe 2011: qarumiZe z. `fexsalagis ZiebaSi~. cxeli Sokoladi, veb-

mis.: http://shokoladi.ge/blogs/zurab-karumize ganTavsebulia 2011 wlis 5 dekem-

bridan.

qarumiZe 2012: qarumiZe z. The Mother of Invention. cxeli Sokoladi, Mveb-

mis.: http://shokoladi.ge/blogs/zurab-karumize, ganTavsebulia 2012 wlis 18 ian-

vridan.

SamiliSvili 2013: SamiliSvili m. `politikuri satira qarTul kiber-

mwerlobaSi~. samecniero Sromebis krebuli _ `sivrce, sazogadoeba,

politika~. Tb.: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 2013.

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m e m o r i A

saba metreveli

monanie martosuli

irakli abaSiZe _ 105

mwerloba WeSmaritebis eniT gvesaubreba, radgan mis enas SeuZlia yofierebis saidumlos gaxsna, radgan Tavad poezias xelewifeba erTi nabijiT mainc migaaxlovos samyaros saz-risTan. amitomacaa igi saimedo indikatori Tavad poetis cnobierebis Tundac yvelaze faruli Sreebis reprezentaci-isa. irakli abaSiZis poeziis kulturul-saazrovno sivrce aris krizisuli, damangreveli epoqis anabeWdi da am anarek-lebSi, qveteqstebSi striqonsa da striqons Soris ikiTxeba dauZleveli sevda:

`qveynis duRilSi, marTlac, wuTs hgavs wuTisofeli,

marTlac, xandaxan sios erTi danaberia,

Sen erTi trfobac ver moaswar, rogorc SegSvenis,

asic mogeswro, mere asic gana bevria?!~

am leqsis finalSi dasmuli SekiTxva: `romeli jobda _ wuTi jobda Tu saukune?! ar aris mxolod meditaciis sivr-cis nawili. es Semoqmedis tragikuli wamia da, marTlac, teq-tonikuri Zvris tolfasi iqneba arCevnis gakeTeba. aseTi wami bevrjer dadgeba adamianis cxovrebaSi, oRond mas SegrZneba sWirdeba. cxovrebis miwuruls gamoqveynebuli irakli aba-SiZis leqsebis cikli ìqneba jobda~ erTdroulad eqspre-siuli da emociuri informaciaa, Sefasebaa ganvlili gzisa da masSi aSkarad da naTlad igrZnoba WeSmariti poetis xangr-Zlivi gansjiTa da fiqriT mopovebuli gamocdileba.

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`droze sikvdili poetisTvis aris miswreba~, _ aq sityvis simkveTriTa da simZafriT poeti gvesaubreba adamianis adgi-lis, misi samyarosTan dialogis formisa da Sinaarsis Sesaxeb. cxovreba usamarTlobasTan araerTxel Segajaxebs, Tanac ma-Sin, roca Tanamdebobrivad bevr rameze xar pasuxismgebeli. irakli abaSiZis Taoba totalitaluri saxelmwifos bneli ideologiis msxverpli iyo. mwerloba bewvis xidze gadioda, zogs Cautyda es xidi, bevrma napirs ver miaRwia da, vinc ga-darCa (tragikuli SekiTxva: `Tu xar kaci, ratom gadarCi?~) RvTis nebiT gadarCa, Tumca poetma es epoqa cecxlTan Ta-maSs Seadara: `mudam mzad yofna, / ganuwyvetlad cecxlTan TamaSi... / iyo, dro iyo, iyo lewva, usamarTloba _ / pasuxs vin agebs, pasuxs vis sTxov civ akldamaSi~.

es sulTamxuTavi realoba, poeturi sityvis cxovelmyo-feli ZaliT gadmocemuli, mkiTxvelSi mainc iwvevs yofi-erebisa da arsebobis mTlianobis gancdas. Tanamedrove racionalizmisa da pragmatizmis pirobebSi, roca, umTavre-sad, prokuroris rolSia adamiani, SeuZlebelia ori tipis narativi: dialogi RmerTTan da dialogi sakuTar TavTan _ gaazrebuli iyos gankiTxvis gareSe. istoriis qerqSi Sesvla, rogorc ityoda ilia WavWavaZe, gulisxmobs Tanagancdas, Tanaarsebobas, Tanamonawileobas, raTa ar davrCeT sastiki da daundobeli drois subieqtur Semfaseblad. cxovrebis sxvadasxva etapze mZafrdeba TaobaTa ukompromisoba ukve gardasuli movlenisa Tu faqtis, zogadad, istoriis mimarT. radikalizmi angariSsworebaSi gadadis, amitomac werda me-20 saukunis 80-iani wlebis miwuruls bediswerasaviT daZruli da azvirTebuli masebis daumTavrebeli gankiTxviT Sewuxeb-uli poeti: `magram jer erTxans / angariSis aris sworeba~.

Tavadac daudga irakli abaSiZes (Tanac araerTxel) Rire-bulebaTa gadafasebis, yofierebis krizisi (ò, wlebi, wlebi gadafasebis, / axla rom yvela sizmris welia~). bolo periodSi werda: gaxseneba ar minda zogierTis visame da risameo, magram es iyo sakuTar TavTan darCenili (bambukis joxiT, Calisfer CoxiT) inteleqtualis mwvave gancdebad daRvrili fiqrebi,

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romlebmac aTqmevina: iqneba jobda... geara SenTvis, / Seni qudiT, Seni nabijiT, / gefurcla Seni sevdis baRis / vardis furceli... geara SenTvis, Seni RmerTiT, / Seni winamZRvriT~. daskvna kategoriuli iyo: `jobda, jobda namdvilad / ufro sakuTrad, ufro laRad, ufro advilad~...

aseTi dialogizebuli monologi sakuTar TavTan gulwr-feli adamianis aRsarebaa, ganvlili cxovrebis koreqtivia. ar unda iyos ucxo da gaugebari mkiTxvelisTvis avtoris intonacia, teqstis konotaciur doneze amokiTxvis aucile-blobasac rom iTxovs. bunebrivi da yovlad adamianuria saku-Tari cxovrebis analizi, araferi ucnauri amaSi ar ikiTxeba. mTavaria, karg mTqmels kargi gamgone hyavdes, ufro sworad, dialogSi CarTuli meore mxare mzad iyos mosasmenad, radgan saubari niSnavs mosmenas da gagebas, Tanamonawileobas. irak-li abaSiZis jer SekiTxva, ìqneba jobda?!~ da Semdeg daskvna _ `jobda namdvilad!~ _ ar aris mis cnobierSi arsebuli an gaCenili ufskrulis gamoxatuleba. arc misi xma iZens `bedis-werisa da sikvdilis mauwyebeli niSnis statuss~ (m. kvaWan-tiraZe) – es aris TviTgvemamde misuli TviTkritika, drois distanciidan raRacis gadawyobis, veqtorebis Secvlis sur-vili, romelic aramc da aramc ar gulisxmobs ganvlili gzis uaryofas, yvelafris gadafasebas. `sakuTari cnobadisgan Ca-vardebis kaci Wirsa~ _ brZana rusTavelma. irakli abaSiZes azrovneba da meditacia tvirTad awva. Tavadac ase aTqmev-ina rusTavels: `me mxolod gansjis, / mxolod gansjis viyav mlocveli~. poeziaSic da pirads cxovrebaSic `cdilobda, pasuxi gaeca yofna-aryofnis jerac amouxsneli dilemisaT-vis~ (e. maRraZe). albaT, amitomac uwoda Tavisi sicocxlis 80 wels `sul ekaliviT vardi, / sul sizmariviT cxadi~.

adamianis sulieri feriscvalebis, misi amqveyniuri umaR-lesi misiis cxadyofaa sinanuli, ase axlobeli poetisTvis. `gancdaÁ TvisTa codvaTa~ da Tanac ise, rom sxva ar ganikiTxo, sxvas araferi gadaabralo _ mxolod rCeulebs SeuZliaT, radgan isini grZnoben, `codva arcodvis WeSmariti sad Zevs sazRvari~. aseTi iyo irakli abaSiZec, romelic konceptua-

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lur-stilisturi daxvewilobiT werda, gviziarebda marTa-li cxovrebis aucileblobas. `netar arian, romelTa daicvan samarTali da yon simarTle yovelsa Jamsa~ (fsalmuni 105. 3) _ daviT fsalmunTmgaloblis am ukvdavi sityvebis WeSmar-itebas Tavidanve unda eziaros adamiani, raTa `sibereSi suls ar gwewdes fiqri oxeri / ramden sinanuls, ramden sevdas gverds auardi~. bednieri kaci iyo, radgan, Tu eklesiis did avtoritetsa da wminda mamas davujerebT: `bednieria is, vinc sibereSi mainc moaswrebs sinanulis cremlis Camogdebas si-yrmis gatacebebis gamo~ (egnate brianCaninovi).

riT unda Sefasdes poetis talanti? _ ra Tqma unda, yvela mkvlevars eqneba Tavisi pasuxi, romelic damokide-bulia mraval faqtorze, sulier-inteleqtualur mzaobaze mocemul momentSi, ganwyobasa Tu esTetikur gemovnebaze... CvenTvis dRes da axla, roca am werils vwerT, prioritetu-lia, zogadad, mwerlis enobrivi stiqia, frazis Sinagani di-namika, esTetikur-poetikuri nakadi, sityvieri ornamenti, sityvaSi gacocxlebuli idea, droisa da sagnis suli _ da es yvelaferi srulad gamovlinda qarTuli poeziis im iSviaT nimuSSi, irakli abaSiZem `rusTavelis nakvalevze~ da `pales-tina, palestina~ rom uwoda. ubraloebis gasaocari efeqti, simartivis universalizmi, enaSi xatebad gardaqmnili war-sulis (da, Tanac, rogori warsulis!) mTeli gamocdileba, erTdroulad tragikuli da lirikuli istoria rusTaveli-sa, romelic mTrTolvared mogviTxro poetma da Tavad iqca idumal xmaTa metyvelad.

gaqanebuli komunizmis epoqaSi iqmneba da iwereba im rangis poezia, romelic saTqmelis siRrmiT, poeturi saxeebis fera-dovnebiTa da sisadaviT, ara mxolod xiblavs, aramed SeZravs mkiTxvels. kidev ufro mniSvnelovania im istoriuli kon-teqstis gaTvaliswineba, romelic ganapirobebda irakli aba-SiZis axali poeziis dabadebas. Tavad poeti cxovrebis bolos ase werda: `me-20 yrilobaze, pirovnebis kultis gamJRavnebis Semdeg, piradad CemTvis yvelaferi sabolood gairkva da mec iqve ganvsazRvre Cemi Semdgomi sicocxlis da Semoqmedebis

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azri. diax, swored aqedan daiwyo Cemi cxovrebis axali perio-di, axleburad gaazrebuli gza, romelsac me `rusTavelis na-kvalevze~ davarqvi da saiTkenac me Cemi poeturi kalmiT mo-vuwode Cems mkiTxvels da mTel Cems qveyanasac. es gaxda Cemi erTaderTi ideuri mrwamsi, Cemi politikuri partia~. poetis mier am axleburad gaazrebul gzaze kidev erTi biZgi gaCnda. 1956 wlis 9 martis tragediam daTrguna qarTveli adamiani, Caukla suli da erovnuli Tavmoyvareoba: `fizikurad Seu-racxyofili, ganadgurebuli axalgazrda geni, romelsac erovnuli tkiviliT ufeTqavda guli, stalinuri modelis erTgulebaSi Cakvda da daixvrita. daeca eris Sinagani mdgra-doba~ (v. guruli). swored aseT fonze irakli abaSiZe iwyebs rusTavelis saxelis ukvdavyofas dasturad imisa, kaciWamie-bi varT Tu, roca `vefxistyaosans~ vwerdiT, jer kidev tyeSi darbodnen isini, vinc qarTvelTa velurobiT apelirebda.

garda amisa, gza rusTavelis nakvalevze, anu zogadad svla rusTavelisken, RmerTTan dabrunebis gzac iyo. meoce saukunis saqarTveloSi irakli abaSiZis TaosnobiT mowyo-bilma yvelaze grandiozulma dResaswaulma _ rusTavelis 800 wlis iubilem `wertili dausva qarTvelTa lanZRva-gine-bas~ (m. berZeniSvili) da maSin, roca mTel sabWoeTSi (da mis gareTac) amsxvrevdnen qarTveli beladis (warmomavlobaze aqcentebiT) Zeglebs, upirvelesi qarTvelis _ rusTavelis Zegli aRimarTa swored sabWoeTis dedaqalaqSi, moskovSi. qarTvelma adamianma daibruna rwmena sakuTari Tavisa da Ses-aZleblobisa. iubiles sazeimo gaxsnaze, albaT, SemTxveviT ar daasrula Tavisi gamosvla irakli abaSiZem sityvebiT: `dRevandel adamians, msgavsad tarielisa, ar aklia sibrZne, ar aklia Zalmosileba, oRond tarielisave msgavsad, borote-bisa da saSiSroebis winaSe mas dakarguli aqvs Tavisi Zalebis rwmena, TiTqos aRarc ki sjera, rom SeZlebs es sibrZne da Zal-mosileba moixmaros borotebis dasaTrgunavad... mivaSveloT tariels avTandili, davubrunoT adamians rwmena!~

gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi òttepelis~ epoqis poli-tikuri gadawyvetilebebiT ganpirobebulma socialur-kul-

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turulma cvlilebebma irakli abaSiZes, garkveul Semoq-medebiT TavisuflebasTan erTad, kulturuli politikis Semqmnelis funqciac mianiWa _ rusTaveli `gaacocxla~ da daubruna aramxolod qarTvel ers! man Cveni saarsebo da saazrovno sivrce Seavso istoriis ukvdavi wamis gaelvebiT... cikli `rusTavelis nakvalevze~ (romelSic Sedis `palestina, palestinac~), rogorc `xmaTa~ RaRadi, audovizualur-nara-tiuli da verbalur-naratiuli teqstis zRvarze gadis da gavsebs raRac auxsneli ZaliT da grZnobiT _ erTianobiT warsulTanac da awmyosTanac. misi TiToeuli leqsi, mar-Tlac, `damTavrebuli SemoqmedebiTi fenomenia~ (S. nucubi-Ze). irakli abaSiZem SeZlo epoqis poeturi istoriis Seqmna. qarTul poeziaSi rusTavelis epoqis gancda iSviaTad asula aseT simaRlemde. kidev erTi da mniSvnelovani: am cikliT irakli abaSiZe sakuTar Tavs Sexvda SoTa rusTavelSi da es `Sexvedra~ mxatvrul-enobriv doneze Tavisi uaRresad Rrma da eqspresiuli saxiT mogvevlina. am ciklma dabada qarTuli enis sadidebeli, ioane zosimes `qebaÁ da didebaÁ qarTulisa enisaÁs~ badali `xma katamonTan~ _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am rangisa da simaRlis qarTuli enis himni XX saukuneSi ar Se-qmnila: `Sen, Cveni sunTqvis didi alamo, /Sen, WirTa CvenTa tkbilo malamo,/ Sen, kiro CvenTa qvaTa da kirTa... Sen, mware lxino, tkbilo sevdao~. dabolos, enis opoziciuri, yovlis-momcveli arsis mTeli am brwyinvale xatis mwvervali: `Sen yovlis mTqmelo, yovlis armTqmelo,/ Sen, akvnis himno, crem-lo samaris~... romelic, S. nucubiZis mosazrebiT, `SesaniSna-vad gadmogvcems adgils, sadac `brZeni divnosis~ naazrevis kvalia ukufenili~.

rusTaveli-abaSiZis Sexvedris es diadi wuTebi naTlad warmogviCens movlenis mniSvnelobas: XX s-is 60-ian wlebSi daibada didi poeti _ irakli abaSiZe.

rusTavelis biografia, tragikuli, magram gasaocari lirizmiT (romelic, TavisTavad, dramatulia) mowodebuli, gvaZlevs imis Tqmis uflebas, rom irakli abaSiZe erTgvari rekonstruqtoria ara mxolod rusTavelis biografiisa,

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aramed misi epoqisac. poeturi gardasaxva imdenad xelSesa-xebi iyo, rom Semoqmedi ukve vizualur xatebs qmnida indo-eTSi rusTavelis nakvalevze Svidasi wlis, Svidi aTasi wvi-mis Semdeg. didi winapris gzas, gzas _ idumalsa da ucnobs, ase fexdafex mihyveboda qarTveli poeti, irakli abaSiZe ukve òqros xanis~ mkvidrad qceuliyo, mis Tanamedroved. amitomacaa aseTi sulisSemZvreli leqsi `rusTavelis xma yru tramalebSi~, _ `poeturi dialogis SesaniSnavi nimuSi~ (z.cxadaia).

palestinaSi gadaxvewil rusTavels ase mimarTavs irakli abaSiZe: `guliT wyuroda Sens Soreul STamomavals warmoed-gina, ras ganicdidi da fiqrobdi Sen sicocxlis ukanasknel dReebSi. maS, es `xmebi~ ise CauTvale mas, TiTqos marTlac gaegonos igi palestinis qarTul jvris monasterSi, Sens uka-nasknel TavSesafarSi, Seni dakargvidan Svidasi wlis Semdeg~. es epigrafi ciklisa `palestina, palestina~ Tavadaa gulidan amoxeTqili da maradisobaSi CaZiruli poeturi proza. po-eturi gardasaxvis, fantaziis, cnobierebis, gemovnebis, cx-ovrebiseuli stilisa da epoqis enis, sityvasTan da sicocx-lesTan Widilis Zeglia `palestina, palestina~, `WeSmaritad minanqruli poemebi, didi faqizi ostatobiTa da leqsis iSvi-aTi orkestrirebiT Sesrulebuli~ (k. gamsaxurdia). Sinagani dinamika da sulis ritmi, amaRlebuloba da tragizmi gasdevs am cikls. poetis raindul-romantikuli xateba gvagrZnobin-ebs, rom, roca sityva rusTavels eTmoba, maSin samyaroSi sxva sityvis adgili aRar rCeba. ir. abaSiZem `mgosnis gznebiT da mdevris gznebiT~ iara jvris monastramde, erTi natvriT: èrT uTqmel sizmars / vwerdi da vxevdi, / erT uqmnel suraTs / vqmnidi da vSlidi, / me Sens TeTr aCrdils / kvaldakval vdevdi _ / mesmoda Seni fexis xma mSvidi~ _ ase xedavda, ase ganicdida da ase ugdebda yurs Tavis didebul winapars da am idumal xmaTa RaRadSi rusTavelis sicocxlis ukanaskneli dReebi ise gaacocxla, rom vercerTi kinokamera ver SeZleb-da aseTi siRrmiT, sizustiT, detalizaciiT imis aRdgenas, rac man sityviT gadmogvca. es `xmebi~ rusTavels miawera, ise

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ki sakuTari sulis amonakvnesi iyo. pirveli xmac `jvris mo-nastris galavanTan~ moesma. es leqsi himnografis gznebiTaa Seqmnili da àris namdvili rekviemi mzegadasul saukuneTa~ (k.amsaxurdia).

axla, am gadasaxedidan, rogor ucnaurad Cans im uR-merTo epoqaSi rusTavelis piriT, irakli abaSiZis mier, gan-didebuli da Seqebuli `jvarcmuli~ macxovari, rogorc: `maRal mwvervalTa salocavi, xati napralTa, ZleulTa nug-eSi, davrdomilTa TavSesafari, maSvralTa imedi, bnelSi anTebuli lampari, arasmqoneTa saganZuri, didi zafxuli” _ rogorc àzrobrivi sisavsisa da srulqmnis simbolo” (z. cxadaia), umaRlesi mizanTmizani (areopagelis `mizezT-miz-ezis~ analogiiT), `maRali msajuli~ _ es mxatvrul-saxisme-tyvelebiTi paradigmebi, ase ostaturad moxmobili leqsSi, qmnis sayovelTao harmoniis SesaZleblobis rwmenas, adamian-isa da RmerTis erTobis idilias, did sulier simSvides _ Sua saukuneebis epoqis maxasiaTebels, Tumca, amasTanave, asaxavs rusTavelis sulier da mentalur mdgomareobasac, mis uzen-aesTan locvas (saubars), Tavisufal meditaciasac. garda im-isa, rom leqsSi ganfenilia Zveli qarTuli enis dozirebuli da zomieri plastebi, mas Sedevrad maqsimaluri uSualoba da ubraloebac aqcevs.

jvris monastris samreklosTan suliT SeZruli locu-lobs rusTaveli (`xma samreklosTan~) _ da misi locviTi mdgomareoba irakli abaSiZes aZlevs SesaZleblobas, yve-laferi did poets `daabralos~, im epoqiT SeniRbos satki-vari. es leqsi rusTavelis gaxmianebuli locvaa samSoblos momavalsa da eris bedze. misi pirvelive survili da ve-dreba uzenaesis mimarT: àr dauketo saqarTvelos pontis karebi~ (amave sityvebiT mTavrdeba leqsic) CrdiloeTisken mimarTul mzeras ki ara, Cvens dasavlur kulturasTan or-ganul Tanaziarobas Segvaxsenebs; imis mwvave survilia, rom ar movwydeT msoflio civilizacias. àr momikveTo miwa Sens jvars, SeniT naTeli~ _ es rusTavelis sityvebia, magram risi gacxadebaa avtoris es suliskveTeba? aq xom pirdapiraa naTq-

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vami is, razec saubari totalitarul epoqaSi, rbilad rom vTqvaT, miuRebeli iyo. qarTuli miwa, qristes naTliTa da madliT mosili da daculi, ar unda mowyvetiliyo jvars _ qristes sikvdilze gamarjvebis, aRdgomisa da amaRlebis sim-bolos, anu Tavad jvarcmul iesos, mis gzas, WeSmaritebasa da cxovrebas. iqneb, es saqarTvelos RvTismSoblisadmi wilxv-domilobisa da, Sesabamisad, am madlis gansakuTrebulobis an aucileblobis, sicocxlis cxovelmyofel nakadebSi CarT-vis, eris sasicocxlo potencialis gaZlierebis erTaderTi saSualebac iyo. ara mgonia, sadavo iyos, rom aq qristiano-bis faruli qadagebasTan gvaqvs saqme. rusTavelis (Tamaris) epoqa ar iyo `qristes daklebuli~ mxare (rogorc `wminda ninos cxovrebis~ avtori uwodebs iberias), qristes naTels mowyvetili. piriqiT, òqros xana~ idga qveyanaSi da yvaoda ekonomika da kultura. rogorc Cans, cenzori ver Caswvda qveteqsts, yvelaferi rusTavelis Semdgom epoqas (anu da-cemis xanas) miawera da am konteqstSi waikiTxa es sityvebic: `rad meCveneba / Jami WirTa moaxloebis, / risxva gangebis, / Semowyroma maRal samarTlis~. gangebis risxva da Semowyroma, istoriulad, eris gadagvarebas mohyveba. adamianTa codvebs RvTis risxva mosdevs da amitomac ar gvaklda gansacdeli arasdros. me-18 saukuneSi daviT guramiSvilma ki es kanonzo-miereba aseTi formuliT gamoxata: `maT (qarTvelebma) Rmer-Tsa scodes, / RmerTman maT pasuxi uyo codvisa~. TandaTan mZafrdeba rusTavelis locvis paTosic da erovnul tkivil-amde adis: bedSavi, bedwamxdari, qristes jvars mowyvetili (gaurjulebuli, gaaTeistebuli, qristesgan gandgomili) da damwyvdeuli (!) saqarTvelo! ar dagvaviwydes, rodis iwere-ba es sityvebi _ civilizebuli samyarosgan rkinis fardiT gamoyofili, sabWoTa kavSiris marwuxebSi momwyvdeuli Cveni qveyana ̀ maluli cremliT~ glovobda dakargul saxelmwifoe-briobasac da Tavisuflebasac. albaT, upirvelesad, am leqss gulisxmobda mariam lorTqifaniZe, roca ambobda: `pales-tinis ciklis leqsebi aris godeba mSobliuri enis, samSob-los, qarTuli kulturis mdgomareobis gamoo~. gasaocaria

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leqsis finalic, romelic JRers rogorc rekviemi da vedre-ba: àkmare Wiri, mtris monoba, sparsi, arabi; / aSore cremli, usjuloeba, warRvna, qarafi~. am gulmxurvale locvis fun-qcia eris gamofxizlebaca da mosalodnel safrTxeebze fa-ruli miniSnebac iyo. sparsi Tu Uarabi dampyrobeli axla sxvas Caenacvlebina. amitom sTxovda poeti jvarcmul macxovars, ekmarebina saqarTvelosTvis dauZleveli monoba da karCa-ketiloba.

irakli abaSiZes saiubileo dReebSi poeti grigol aba-SiZe ase mimarTavda: `Sen ara marto rusTavelis geniis sidi-ade aqcie Seni STagonebis Temad, aramed daramatizmiT savse poetis biografiis aRdgenasa da gancdaSi Seni drois bevri tkivilisa da Tavsatexi kiTxvis Setanasac ar SeuSindi da Cveni didi winapris moaxloebac scade SfoTviT savse Cvens drosTan!~ (abaSiZe 1979: 3). iqneb, esec iyo miniSneba qarTul `malul cremlze~?!

adamianis cxovrebis gza, umTavresad, jvarcmaa, `sal-mobaÁ da mwuxarebaÁ~ _ rogorc daviT mefsalmune ityvis. gansakuTrebulad mTrTolvare xma moismis golgoTasTan, roca rusTaveli jvarcmul iesos mimarTavs da, sabolood, WeSmaritebis srulad Secnobis mwvave survili amoZravebs. leqsi gamTbaria Tanamedrove himnografiuli saxeebiT, rom-lebic gansakuTrebul didebulebas aniWebs mTel am emociur nakads. `xma golgoTasTan~ orplaniania, gverdigverd moce-mulia Teza da antiTeza, `Sen _ wamebuli mzis amosvla, Suqi jvarcmuli, me _ mzis Caqroba, mwuxris bindi jvarze uc-meli~; `Sen _ kaci RmerTi, me _ miwis kaci; me _ codvili, Sen _ ucodveli~. STambeWdavia irakli abaSiZis ara mxolod po-eturi fantazia, aramed im uRvTo droSi qristianuli saxis-metyvelebis wvdomis siRrmec. es leqsi, amave dros, qristes jvarcmis datirebaa (sulxan-sabas, vaxtang VI-isa da daviT guramiSvilis Semdeg), axal drosa da epoqaSi axleburad gancdili.

Znelia `gulisfancqalis~ gareSe waikiTxo poetis stri-qonebi, Znelia imitom, rom erTdroulad Cvens Tvalwin ga-

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cocxldeba mZime xvedris, siyvarulis gamo devnili geniisa da am geniis mSobeli `marTali mamulis~ erTmaneTze damok-idebuli bedi, bedi-mdevari _ gzaze Casafrebuli da `cru sofelis manaTobeli~. amasTanave, Svidasi wlis Semdeg dide-buli winapris nakvalevs gayolili qarTveli poetisa da ma-muliSvilis xmaTa RaRadi pirdapir gagvicxadebs mxatvruli sityvis idumal Zalasa da madls. uneburad mogindeba galak-tionis sityvebiT SesZaxo: `netav mis smenas, netav im xmebs, netav im Relvas!~

cxovrebam urTules gzebze atara irakli abaSiZe. hqonda maRali partiuli Tanamdebobebi, politikuri reJimi iTxovda kompromisebs, magram ar gaucvlia da ar gauyidia arc samSob-lo da arc piradi Rirseba. jer kidev me-20 saukunis samocian wlebSi dawers leqsebs: „suli mdevari“ da „suli damcveli“, romlebSic, rogorc guram asaTiani ityvis, `sindisis mkacr samsjavroze gamoaqvs axlo warsulis waSlili suraTebi da daviwyebuli fiqrebi~ (g. asaTiani). am Sinagan dialogSi garkveviT ismis Rrma SeSfoTebis xma: `maS, ver amCnevdi?.. / maS, ver wvdebodi?.. / maS, ver hxedavdi?.. / maS, ver atyobdi?.. / mSvidad dgebodi, mSvidad wvebodi?.. / maS, ar daWrilxar iWvis maxviliT, / ar daRvremilxar Sens tkbil wamebSi? / ar uTrevixar fiqrs Tavdaxrili / yinviT gaToSil SuaRameSi?... kiTxvis niSnebiT ar dagCxvletia / rwmena sanukvar WeSmarite-bis?~ cxovrebis miwurulsac ganicdida _ iqneb jobdao _ da ufro adrec, sakuTar TavTan ganmartoebuli, fiqrebSi wasu-li da CaZiruli ambobda: èrTi ram sityvac, erTic damrCa me angariSi _ / dagvtoveT marto me da Cveni wuTisofeli~.

sinanuli Tan sdevda mis cxovrebas, raRac stanjavda. ar asvenebda ùkvdavi sevdebi~, ès xma gabmuli, xma gamkiTxavi~, ùkmarisobis ukurnavi seni~, ̀ kacuri marcxebi~. ̀ ase Rrmad da rTulad, faqizad da qvecnobieri taqtiT iqneb aravin Sexebia am Temas mTel sabWoTa poeziaSi da iSviaTad Tu gasula vinme samSvidobos aseTi `bewvis xidiT~ (g. margvelaSvili). mwvaved ganicdida poeti raRacas, Zilsa da Svebas rom ukrTobda... iqneb arc arsebobda rame konkretuli, seriozuli mizezi,

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magram misi mSfoTvare suli mainc Seurvebuli iyo: àsjer natyviar guls ar ndomia es zRvar-samani, / me es mSvidoba arc minatria, / me sxva ram damrCa dRes dasanani~.

sinanuli sindisis ganwmendaa, nugeSiscemis karia _ pira-di nebis damarcxebiTa da uaryofiT (Rirsi ioane sineli). ar meguleba am drois qarTul poeziaSi meore Semoqmedi, romel-sac ase afiqrebdes da awuxebdes ganvlili gza, ase SeeZlos `gancdaÁ TvisTa codvaTa~ (Tavis marTlebis ritorikis ga-reSe). Tu qristes mTeli eklesia aris eklesia monanulTa, ima-Ti, vinc daRupvas sinanulis gziT gaurbis, _ rogorc wminda efrem asuri ityoda, _ maSin irakli abaSiZis qristianoba, up-irvelesad, swored am iSviaT saTnoebas unda davukavSiroT. SeuZlebelia, ar daeTanxmo kritikosis am sityvebs: `saWiroa mxolod warmodgenis didi daZabva, rom sixarulisa da aRta-cebis simRerebSi, romlebic poetma Tavis dros umRera, da-vinaxoT im „daukvneseli kvnesisa“ da „sinanulis“ anarekli, im gulSi Cakiruli „mware sevdis“ eqo, romlis qveSecneuli arseboba irakli abaSiZem mxolod ukanasknel wlebSi gaando Tavis mkiTxvels (g. asaTiani). es ukidegano sinanuli _ up-irvelesi niSani qristianobisa, dasabami sulieri amaRlebisa da feriscvalebisa _ aqcevs mis poezias `galobani sinanu-lisanis~ dar Semoqmedebad.

irakli abaSiZis filosofiuri lirika savsea SekiTxvebiT. dialoguri formiT, Sinagani monologiT, Taviseburi intimi da uSualoba rom dahkravs, misi poezia gamorCeulia sxvaTa-gan (amis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ix.: r. TvaraZe, ir. abaSiZis rCeulis winasityvaoba, 1989). irakli abaSiZis meditaciuri lirika raRac xelovnurad Sekowiwebuli filosofiuri az-rebi ki araa, aramed brwyinvale poeturi mignebebi, poeturi WeSmariteba Tavad avtoris mier mopovebuli da SeZenili si-brZnea. am sibrZnis anareklia misi leqsebi, romlebSic kac-TaTvis dauZleveli martoobis Temaa wamoWrili. TviTonac, rogorc yvela namdvili xelovani, am koconze iwvoda. mar-toobis Temaze Seqmna `feradi Semodgomac~. es leqsi, garda imisa, rom `welTa daRmarTs daSvebuli~ (u. Seqspiri) poetis

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monologia, evfoniis, bgerweris nimuSicaa, romelSic ganfe-nili azri, esTetika imTaviTve gangawyobs raRac sevdianad idumalisTvis:

àxla damSviddi, axla damSviddi,sadme samgoris, sadme samSvildismTebSi monaxe patara qoxida Seni wili ori dRe-RameSens Semodgomis fers Seexame

Calisfer CoxiT, bambukis joxiT~.

(es ukanaskneli sityvaTSeTanxmeba Zalian uyvarda poets. araerTgan aqvs is moxmobili da gansakuTrebulad sevdi-anad JRers leqsSi `mama~: xan TemSaraze frTxilad da Cumad / gamoCndeboda Calisfer CoxiT / da sicocxlis da sikvdilis Sua / gzas miikvlevda bambukis joxiT).

erTia martoobis universalur kanonTan Serkineba, misi daZleva Tu gaZleba. amas garda, uamravi sevdanarevi xma mo-ismis irakli abaSiZis poeziidn, magram mainc, samSoblos bedze Cafiqrebul poetad darCa. misi poezia pasuxia imaze, Tu rogor unda Sefasdes da dafasdes mwerali, ra unda iyos misi popularobisa Tu sididis damadasturebeli? _ mxolod dro, dro, romelmac gviCvena, vin sWirdeba qveyanas. irakli abaSiZec `ciferblatis RerZs mibmuli erTi wamwami~, Tavisi epoqis sevdiani raindi iyo, _ monanie martosuli.

* * *irakli abaSiZem Tavis droze gasagebad gviTxra: `qebac,

yvedrebac, kicxvac, wyromac, varamic, / sityva ekuTvnis STa-momavlobas, _ sxvas aRaravis~. ra darCa momaval Taobas misi gardacvalebis Semdeg? _ amasac Tavad upasuxa, upasuxa ise, rogorc Sehferoda: dendizmiT, akademizmiT, daxvewili es-TetikiT: `Sen dagitoveb yvelaze lamazs, / yvelaze Zvirfass, rac gamaCnia _ / Cems ganZs: Cems aTas uZilo Rames, / wyeulma eWvma rom damaCvia~. dagvitova Tavisi daRlili Rimili, mTi-dan mTebze dafleTili mzera, gulSi Camwydari aTasi bgera,

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uxmari cremlebi, uTqmeli sizmrebi, dardi Tu wyena... STamo-mavlobas darCa misi poezia da qarTuli saqme. Tundac is rad Rirs, rom gamoCenil qarTvel mecnierebTan, akaki SaniZesa da giorgi wereTelTan, erTad palestinis jvris monasterSi miagno SoTa rusTavelis freskas da misi feradi fotoasli saqarTveloSi Camoitana _ rusTavelis xateba daubruna samSoblos. yvela aspeqtiT mravalmniSvnelovani movlena iyo rusTavelis iubile. sxvaTa Soris, umaduroba iqneba imis arTqmac, rom man SeZlo emigrant qarTvelebTan dakav-Sireba, maT Soris _ viqtor nozaZesTan, romelic dapatiJa am iubileze. rkinis fardiT daxurul sabWoeTs moswvda up-irvelesi rusTvelologis xma. man depeSa gamougzavna baton iraklis: `miviRe Tqveni depeSa, romliTac me Tqven momiwvieT rusTavelis iubileze. samwuxarod, ar SemiZlia, TqvenTvis gasageb mizezTa gamo, Tbiliss movide da iubiles daveswro~. ramdeni auxdeneli ocneba da samSoblos dauZleveli siyvar-uliT gaTenebuli Rameebis eqo mosdevs am depeSas!

amasTanave, fasdaudebelia irakli abaSiZis damsaxureba represirebul qarTvel mweralTa reabilitaciis saqmeSi. EsaqarTvelos eqs-prezidenti e. SevardnaZe igonebda: `qarT-vel mweralTa swrafi reabilitacia rom moxda, iraklis unda vumadlodeT. swored man iqonia am mimarTebiT didi gavlena vasil mJavanaZeze, iraklim daaCqara es procesi~. ufro met-ic, sabWoeTSi pirveli iyo irakli abaSiZe, romelmac 1954 wels moskovis `literaturnaia gazetaSi~ gamoaqveyna wer-ili, rogorc Tavad igonebda, pirveli keTili sityva 1937 wels udanaSaulod dasjili mwerlebis Sesaxeb mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi _ es iyo pirovnebis kultis epoqaSi daRupuli mw-erlebis pirveli reabilitacia da, saerTod, udanaSaulod dasjilTa reabilitaciis pirveli idea. aRarafers vambobT qarTuli enciklopediis sruliad unikaluri mniSvnelobis 11 tomze, misi redaqtorobiTa da dauRalavi SromiT rom momzadda. amitomac araa gaWarbebuli g. asaTianis es Sefase-ba: `renesansis epoqidan iyo amosuli: poeti, diplomati, sa-zogado moRvawe, enciklopedisti, mkvlevari, eriskaci~.

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Dda kidev erTi, madloba qarTulad, anu irakli abaSiZis gardacvaleba: 1992 wlis ZmaTamkvleli samoqalaqo omi mZv-invarebda, siZulvili karga xnis CaTesili iyo sazogadoebaSi (angariSsworebis Jami idga). ZiZgnidnen erTmaneTs, ar dain-des batoni iraklic, kaci, romelic samegobrod Tavad aravis uyioda da uxmobda, megobrobisa da erTgulebis fics aravis sTxovda, aravis arafers avaldebulebda... Tavis sicocxleSi erTxel mokvda (e. maRraZe), `mokvda mefurad~, ise, rogorc rusTavelis tragikuli aRsasruli gagvicocxla. K

karga xniT adre Tavis erT leqsSi brwyinvale artis-tizmiT werda:

ò, ara gazafxulze,

am mzeSi, am darSi,

o, ara gazafxulze...

zamTarSi... zamTarSi!~ asec moxda! idga zamTari, 1992 wlis Semzaravi ianvari. iyo

susxi da sibnele mTaSic da barSic, sibnele gareTac, quCaSi, da sibnele SigniTac, binebSi... sibnele mefobda adamianTa sulSi. sinaTlis akankalebul Suqze iwva maRali, iwva naRdi, iwva namdvili poeti _ miZinebuli, dasvenebuli (al. gvaxar-ia). da kidev erTi Sefaseba: ìrakli abaSiZes rom ar hyvarebo-da isini, visac misi sikvdili undoda, dResac cocxali iqne-boda. siyvarulma mokla igi. siyvaruli atarebs mis maRal, moxdenil lands dResac barnovis quCaze~ _ ase werda lia sturua. nu gagikvirdebaT, irakli abaSiZis gardacvalebam kidev erTxel gvaCvena madlobis qarTulad gadaxdis eTikac da esTetikac!

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n o m r i s s t u m a r i

guram doCanaSvili _ 75

maamebluri arasodes araferi damiweria!

_ ̀ avtobiografiaSi isic Sedis, Tu vin waikiTxe da vin mo-ganiWa udidesi bedniereba. vinmes ar egonos martivad naxmari sityva _ es bedniereba aris didi SromiT mopovebuli, imitom rom mkiTxvelis Sroma Zalian didi Sromaa~ _ werdiT Tqven. rogoria kargi mkiTxveli, Tavad Tqven romel asakSi igrZen-iT kiTxvis bedniereba da iqneb gvirCioT, rogor vaswavloT kiTxva adamianebs?

_ wigns udidesi siamovneba moaqvs. didi SromiTaa mo-povebuli is, rom gyavs mkiTxveli da, TvisTavad, mkiTxvelis Sromac didi Sromaa. mwerali yovelTvis valSia mkiTxvel-Tan, radgan, rasac avtori aklebs nawarmoebs, is mkiTxvelma unda Seavsos. erTi mkiTxveli eubneba meores: ra Tavi mo-gaqvs, mkiTxveli xar, aba, mweralma raRa unda qnas?! is vefx-via, Sen ki katao. meorem upasuxa: mere ra, vefxvic katisebrTa ojaxidanaao.

mkiTxvels unda hqondes gemovneba da momTxovni proku-roriviT raRac unda gamoCxrikos mxatvruli teqstidan. rac wera-kiTxva viswavle, mas Semdeg sul vkiTxulob. maxsovs, me-ore msoflio omis dros bebias davyvebodi sadRac ojaxebSi, romlebic wignebs yiddnen da Cven vyidulobdiT maTagan. mere bebia mikiTxavda.

erTxel merab berZeniSvilma Tqva: usmeno bavSvebi rom dahyavT musikaze, mainc kargia, unda ataron, radgan maTs sam-yaroSi musika cota Znelad, magram mainc Semovao. wigni bavSvs Secodebis, gaxarebis... unars uyalibebs, rac akeTilSobilebs mas. rogorc wesi, mkiTxveli emociuria da mec Zalian gan-vicdidi yovel detals. literaturis maRali saidumloeba

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imaSicaa, rom gamogonili ambavi realurs girCevnia. zogi mw-erali ambobs: namdvili ambavi sadac maqvs, amboben, daujere-belia da, sadac gamogonils vwer, _ namdviliao.

sazRvargareT ar miSvebdnen, magram, roca pirvelad gave-di da espaneTi vnaxe, Zalian imoqmeda im adgilebma, monusxu-li viyavi. gavida dro da raRac 3-4 wlis mere wavikiTxe xuan ramon ximenesis „platero da me“. gacilebiT ukeT aRviqvi xi-menesis wigniseuli espaneTi da ukeT SevigrZeni, vidre _ Cemi TvaliT naxuli. ai, es madli aqvs literaturas! mkiTxveli Zalian Seicvala. Tanamedrove msoflioSi, ZiriTadad, kiTxu-loben an deteqtivs, an _ pornoliteraturas, an _ fantas-tikuri Janris nawarmoebebs. socializmis dros aTasgvari Tavsmoxveuli literatura unda wagvekiTxa, magram, ZiriTa-dad, klasikas mainc vkiTxulobdiT. sxva dro iyo, ufro mets kiTxulobda xalxi. ar iyo amdeni toto-loto da aTasgvari sacduri sulisa. imdroindeli Sekveca gasarTobebisa jobda Tundac dRevandel filmebs, romlebSic Zaladobis mraval-saxeobriobaa.

saerTod, namdvili mkiTxveli Tanaavtoria, warmoidgens, Seavsebs, fexdafex mihyveba SemoqmedebiT process. is TviTon iqmnis samyaros, reJisoricaa, gamnaTebelic da mTavari ro-lis Semsrulebelic.

_ samSoblos Sesacnobad, erovnuli identobis grZnobis gansaviTareblad, ra Tqma unda, literaturis garda, ras mi-iCnevT aucileblobad?

_ didad gamomadga arqeologia. is bevr rameSi damexmara. eTnografiac Zalian saintereso dargia, magram eTnografebi 2-3 dRe Cerdebian erT sofelSi. Cven ki (arqeologebi) didx-ans vrCebodiT adgilze. xuTi weli rom dadixar erTsa da im-ave sofelSi, is mSobliuri xdeba SenTvis. arqeologia Zalin daaxloebulia samSoblosTan, mis uZveles warsulTan.

aseve, musikis gareSe warmoudgenlad mimaCnia cxovreba. sabolood ki, yvelaferi dakavSirebulia religiasTan, rwme-

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nasTan. yvela didi xelovani qmnida am STagonebiT, iqneboda es mocarti, baxi, haidni, stravinski, breigeli, miqelanjelo, rafaeli... Cems dros religiisadmi, marTlmadideblobisadmi midrekili xalxi Sav siaSi iyo Setanili, Tumc qvecnobierad rwmena yovelTvis dominants warmoadgenda... da yovelTvis vgrZnobdi mis sidiadesac da aucileblobasac.

_ rogor ggoniaT, marTla usulo da uRmerTo civili-zaciis dominirebis fazaSi vcxovrobT, Tu kulturul aR-sasrulze saubari yuriT moTreuli Temaa da araferi aqvs saerTo realobasTan?

_ Zalian daeca kultura, teqnokratiam araswor gzaze daayena adamiani. TiTqos aravis dro aRar rCeba. kiTxuloben patara nawarmoebebs da ufro sxva, naklebRirebulisTvis in-axaven dros. Cems axalgazrdobaSi ki kargi wignis Sovna war-moadgenda problemas da misi kiTxva iyo mxolod erTi ramis SiSi _ male ar damTavrdes nawarmoebio. teqnikis zed-metad gamoyenebam migviyvana swored usulo da uRmerTo civilizaciamde.

_ rogor SeafasebT mimdinare literaturul process. amboben: visac ar ezareba, yvela werso. Tqvenc ase fiqrobT? xedavT Tu ara axal Zalas qarTul mwerlobaSi da, saerTod, ras niSnavs TqvenTvis ~siaxle da axali~ literaturaSi?

_ imis gaTvaliswinebiT, axla rogor pirobebSiac cxov-roben da izrdebian, Tanamedrove mwerloba namdvili gmi-robaa. bavSvebs rom multfilmebs ayurebineben, iqac didi safrTxeebia, _ es nerviuli batebi, isterikiani cxovelebi... mere, xuTi wlidan, multfilmebs cvlis mxatvruli filmebi, aCveven Tavis moxerxvas, afeTqebebs, brZolebs... da mozard-isTvis Ceulebrivi xdeba mkvleloba _ es yvelaferi zrdis agresias.

Cven gvyavs mSvenieri axalgazrda mwerlebi. saerTod, kargi mweralia is, vinc patiosania, vinc sulierobidan da ara efeqtebidan an ideologiidan gamomdinare wers.

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_ `me ar var mwerali, mxolod gadamweri var... zemodan mkarnaxoben da vwer~– rogor gavigoT es, _ mwerlobis mis-tifikaciaa, aracnobieri procesia Tu mainc monawileobs cnobieri miT ufro prozis werisas, iqneb suliwmidis madli unda vigulisxmoT (rogorc agiografiuli mwerlobis av-tori ityvis) an aseTi Sefaseba Tqvens gansakuTrebul Tavmd-ablobad miviCnioT? axla ras gkarnaxoben zevidan? axals ras unda velodoT?

_ erTma cnobilma fizikosma Tqva: Cven, mecnierebi, ve-rafers ver avxsniT, mxolod aRvwerT, axsna ki uzenaesis saqmeao. yoveli ganxris xelovneba, iseve, rogorc litera-tura, suliwminidis madlia, suliwmindas ki ufro soflebSi uyvars siaruli. axla salanZRav, agdebul sityvebad romaa miCneuli glexi da sofeli, Cveni yvela didi Semoqmedi aris patara soflidan. erTi axlobeli myavda, sofelSi cxov-robda, xaSurTan axlos da, rom ekiTxebodnen, saidan xaro, ambobda, xaSuridano _ TiTqos eTakileboda soflis Tqma. arada, soflis fasi ra aris?! erTxel vixumre kidec: vaxtang gorgasalma xoxobi rom mokla, arc is aRmoCnda namdvili Tbi-liseli, misi genebi Seiswavles da daadgines warmomavloba, isic kikeTidan yofila gadmofrenili.

rac Seexeba imas, Tu axals ras unda elodos Cemi mkiTx-veli, getyviT, rom vamTavreb romans, romelic ioanes saxare-bis mecxre TaviTaa STagonebuli.

_ poema `mowyalebani~ 40 wlis win SeqmeniT, Tumca po-eturi debiuti axlaxan gqondaT. ra iyo mizezi, ratom ar aqveynebdiT? amasTanave, Tqveni es poema qals eZRvneba. araerTgzis gvsmenia, rom qalis saxe arasrulyofiladaa war-modgenili qarTul mwerlobaSi. eTanxmebiT Tu ara am azrs da rogor daaxasiaTebdiT qals, rogorc literaturis asaxvis obieqts?

_ ar vTvlidi saWirod, ar mimaCnda amis Rirsad da, albaT, ufro amis gamo ar gamovaqveyne! rac Seexeba qalis saxes, ra

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Tqma unda, sasurvelia, ukeTesad iyos literaturaSi warmod-geneli, Tumca vefxvisa da moymis baladaSi rom dedaa, iseTi ar moelandebaT imaTac ki, vis nawarmoebSic qalis saxeebi kargad damuSavebulad iTvleba. wesiT, esaa balada dedaze da ara vefxvsa da moymeze. arsebobs mosazreba, rom baladis meore da umTavresi nawili mixa xelaSvils ekuTvnis. ise, misi stili marTlac, Zalian sagrZnobia am baladaSi. is isedac didi qarTveli iyo!

umdidresi folklori gvaqvs. Ceni xalxuri poezia xal-xur simReraze meti Tu ara, naklebi namdvilad araa, is araf-riT Camouvardeba arc cekvasa da arc _ simReras!

_ ras fiqrobT, ratom dakarga qarTvelma adamianma ri-giT kacad cxovrebis kultura da ras miiCnevT Cveni xasiaTis yvelaze saSiS gamovlenad?

_ umravlesobas pirveloba unda, Tanac ise, rom arc ki fiqroben, riT daimsaxures es. sxva araferi axsovT, garda daumsaxurebeli uzrunvelyofisa!

_ Tqveni gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, romel etapze iyo literaturuli kritika yvelaze aqtiuri da ras ityodiT dRevandelze, xom ar gamomdinareobs kritikis problemebi literaturis problemebisgan?

_ socialistobias dros, sabWoTa saqarTveloSi zogi iyo Sariani kritikosi, radgan iseT rames dawerda, avtors dasaWerad gauxdida saqmes. amiT ki Tavad viRacas aamebda. raime iseTs ki ar gamouCxrekda mwerals, aramed mougonebda kidevac, rom erTguli gamoCeniliyo imisi, visi monac Tavad iyo. xSirad kuriozuli Secdomebi mosdiT qronologiis ga-uTvaliswineblobis gamo. CvenTanac uTqvamT zog mweralze, markesis gavlena aqvso da raRac aseTi aTasgvari sisulele. elementarulad, TariRebs mainc Sexedon, vin rodis moR-vaweobda.

Zalian saxifaToia zedmeti Seqeba. kritikis problemas literaturis problemas ver davukavSireb. jemal qarCxaZis

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dros ratom ar iyo misi donis kritika?! ra, qarCxaZe ar vargoda?! an rusTavelze vis ra unda daewera, Semfasebeli vin iqneboda, an romeli kritikosi gaigebda Tavis droze Seqspirs?

saerTod, kritika Zalian sayuradReboa. kritika av-kar-gis warmoCenas unda uwyobdes xels, magram dRes me rasac vkiTxulob an mwared lanZRaven da agineben erTmenTs, an caSi ahyavT SeqebiTa da diTirambiT. arada, saWiroa Rrma analizi, miniSneba mainc imisa, sad moisusta avtorma da sad ukeTesad gamouvida.

_ 75 weli is TariRia, roca ukve SesaZlebelia ukan moxed-va da raRacis Sejameba. ras matebs adamians wlebi: gamocdile-bas, sibrZnes, TviTkritikis unars Tu kidev ufro mniSvnelo-vans? am gadasaxedidan raze gwydebaT guli an ra aris is, risi Tqmac yvelaze Zalian gsurT?

_ wlebma Semmata gamocdileba da gamimZafra TviTkri-tika. amasTanave, rogorc mkiTxveli namdvilad gavizarde. viqtor hiugo axalgazrdobis droindeli erT-erTi sayva-reli avtori iyo da axla rom wavikiTxe, xelaxla aRmovaCine. cnobilia, rom erTi da igive adamiani erTi da imave nawarmoe-bis kiTxviT izrdeba.

iSviaTia, Cems asakSi rame seriozulsa da Rirebuls qm-nides adamiani, radgan, rogorc wesi, tvini ver uZlebs am katorRul Sromas. yvelaze kargi proza iwyeba 30-35 wlis asakidan da ramdeni poeti viciT, rom 22 wlis asakSi ukve damTavrebuli aqvs Sedevrebis Seqmna!

axla didi imedi maqvs, movaswro da iqneb gamovasworo is, Tu rameze guli mwydeboda, damewera. Tavs arafriT viqeb, ma-gram namdvilad gulwrfelad SemiZlia giTxraT, rom maame-bluri arasodes araferi damiweria.

religia, rwmena aris cxovreba. bibliis kiTxva Cve-ni umTavresi sasicocxlo mizani unda gaxdes _ esaa Cemi saTqmeli!

esaubra saba metreveli

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E S S AY

zaza firaliSvili

ramdenime fragmenti vaJas Sesaxeb

erTi cnobili istoriuli faqtiT daviwyebT:1882 wels TbilisSi Camodis mixai ziCi da `vefxistyao-

sanis~ ramdenime cocxal suraTs dgams. rogorc aRmoCnda, es iyo qarTul sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi mimdinare mniS-vnelovani fsiqokulturuli procesebis gamoxatuleba. cx-adia, cocxali suraTebis JanriT gataceba dakavSirebuli iyo axal istoriul garemoebebSi sakuTari identobis, erTiani erovnuli narativis dadgenis, sakuTari mniSvnelovnebis dadasturebis mcdelobasTan. aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi ram: cocxali suraTebis esTetika iqca Zalze zust gamoxatule-bad istoriaSi Rirseuli dabrunebis im surogatuli strate-giisa, dRemde rom aris Cveni atmosfero gaJRenTili. amiT am fenomenSi Tavs bevri ram iyrida: istoriidan gandevnis gamo aswleulebis ganmavlobaSi gancdili sasowarkveTac, preteristuli zmanebebic, paTetikuri romantikac da gaqce-vac im pasuxismgeblobisagan, romelsac „aq da axla“ akisrebs pirovnebas da sazogadoebas. Zalze Znelia, gavavloT mkafio zRvari am or tendencias Soris. preteristuli zmenebebiT narkotikul tkbobas didi xibli aRmoaCnda. realur isto-riul garemoSi Zalisxmevis daxarjvis aucileblobas scenaze dadgmuli idiliuri scenebi anacvlebda Tavisi paTetizmiTa da ,bodriars Tu moviSveliebT, istoriis „esTetikuri qiru-rgiiT“.

ase iyo Tu ise, am movlenam sakmaod gamoacocxla, jer, Tbilisis, xolo Semdgom quTaisis sazogadoeba _ imdenad, rom cocxali suraTebis irgvliv atexilma xmaurma peterbur-gis saimperatoro karamde miaRwia da didmoxeleTa SeSfoTe-

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ba gamoiwvia. warmodgenebs sagangebod suraTebi gadauRes da peterburgSi gagzavnes. dampyrobels Tavisi azrovnebis wesi aqvs da peterburgSi male mixvdnen, rom yovelive es iolad SeiZleboda qceuliyo, politikuri TvalsazrisiT, uwyinar garTobad. rogorc Cans, saimperatoro karis romeliRac gam-Wriaxma moxelem gaiazra, rom yalbi margalitebiT gamarTu-li aseTi nacionalisturi TamaSobana araTu ar emuqreboda imperiis interesebs, piriqiT, SeiZleboda momsaxureboda kidec da drodadro gaRviZebuli erovnuli energiis fuWad daxarjvis saukeTeso saSualebad qceuliyo: yalbi miznebi-saken paTetikuri enTuziazmiT svlad, survilad, rom saku-Tari Tavi Cvenive nebiT gveqcia mumificirebul samuzeumo eqsponatebad. aseTi sazogadoeba ki, umal, realur istoriul interesebs daTmobda, vidre Tavis paTetikur ganwyobebs. sul mcire iyo saWiro, rom „cocxali suraTebiT“ aRZruliyo ara arsebobis neba, aramed preteristul zmanebebSi yofnis sur-vili, istoriidan gandevnil mcire erebs iolad rom eufle-baT. cocxali suraTebis esTetika qarTul patriotizmSi, nebiT Tu uneblied, imperiis mokavSired mogvevlina.

rusulma imperiam, jer kidev grafi voroncovis mmarT-velobis dros, 1844-54 wlebSi, miagno Cveni morCilebaSi yofnis universalur xerxs. unda Seiqmnas mumificirebuli metaforebis, istoriuli saxeebisa da simboloebis fasadi, romlis miRmac iolad SeiZleba daimalos kvdomis yvela bacila: uzneo pragmatizmic da sazogadoebrivi solidaro-bis uunarobac, xelTupyaroba, agresiuli da TviTkmayofili umecreba, zereloba da mconaroba, dauokebeli midrekileba imisken, rom sakuTari paTetikisa da ritorikis tyveobaSi narkotikuli Troba igrZno, iluzia imisa, rom raRac sayov-elTaod mniSvnelovans akeTeb _ mokled, yvelaferi is, rasac iliam luarsabis saxeSi mouyara Tavi. metaforebi, simboloe-bi da saxeebi energiis wyaro ki ar unda iyos, aramed, piriqiT, sazogadoebrivi Zalebis paralizebas, TviTdakonservebisak-en swrafvas unda aCendes, _ arasad da arasodes arsebul sam-yaroSi narkotikuli davanebis iluzias. Tavis mxriv, imperia

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unda iyos garanti imisa, rom mcire ers arasodes moakldeba es Troba. Sedegi ki is aris, rom realur istoriaSi dabrune-ba misTvis umwvaves absinenciad iqceva. Tezisi imis Sesaxeb, rom damoukideblobam mxolod uzneoba da ubedureba mogvi-tana da rom mTeli samyaro mxolod imaze zrunavs, rom saxe wagvarTves, yvelafer sxvasTan erTad, am mZime absinenciis gamoxatulebaa. mixail voroncovis wyalobiT, imperiam im-TaviTve iswavla, Tu rogor unda daetyvevebina is metafore-bi, riTac Cven vcxovrobT da rogor unda moeqsova am parali-zebuli metaforebiT Cveni sasicocxlo garemo.

asea Tu ise, hipoTeturi moxelis Zalisxmevas sakmaod xangZlivi inercia aRmoaCnda. imperiuli ideologia, ukve saukuneze metia, swored „cocxali suraTebis“ paradigmeb-Si gamoxatul „erovnulobaze“ apelirebs da kvlav im uniWo operetis esTetikiT dadgmuli nacionalisturi warmodgen-ebisaken gvibiZgebs, rodesac yvelani egzotikur Tojinebad SevimosebiT da Cvens „amaRlebul“ da „erovnul“ rolebs vi-TamaSebT. momavlis nebismieri proeqti am, erTi SexedviT, zerele da Tavqarian warmosaxvaTa despotur tiraniasTan SesabamisobaSi unda moeqces.

wina saukunis 90-ian wlebSi, ukve rogorc axali reaq-cia, radikaluri universalizmis gansxvavebuli forma _ eqstremistuli liberalizmi gaCnda. msoflmxedvelobrivi eqstremumebi erTmaneTis sxeulSi iSveba, erTmaneTze paraz-itireben da, sabolood, unayofo istoriul garemos gvaZlev-en. cocxali surTebis esTetika is qaribda-morevia, romelic nTqavs da sulierebis mkvdar fragmentad, erTgvari kunst-kameris eqsponatebad aqcevs yvelafers, rac sicocxlisa da sulierebis energiis momcemi unda iyos.

vfiqrobT, es Zalze mniSvnelovani msoflmxedvelobrivi konteqstia vaJas gasagebad. igi asparezze gamodis swored maSin, rodesac Cveni sakomunikacio sivrce lamis mTlianad iyo gajerebuli aRweril polarobaTa produqtebiT. masTan erTad Cndeba firosmanic. rogorc Cans, istoriaSi marTlac moqmedebs raRac numerologiuri kanonzomierebebi. zogi

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monacemiT, isini erTsa da imave 1862 wels arian dabadebul-ni da orivem Cveni sulierebis im pirveladi wertilebisaken migviTiTes, sadac kulturis sawyisebi imaleba. swored maT gaxades naTeli im idumali da amave dros, TvalismomWrelad nacnobi siRrmeebis arseboba, romelTa gareSec istoriaSi svla mxolod svlis imitacia Tu iqneba. maT, TiTqos, is Tavwy-aroebi aametyveles, sadac Cveni, rogorc aq da axla arsebul-Ta saidumlo imaleba. energia, romelsac vaJas da firosmanis samyaroebi gvawvdian, albaT, Seuvali sabuTia imisa, rom Cven jerac ar gavwirulvarT da rom Cveni Zalisxmeva, erT dResac, konkretul istoriul for¬mebSi Camoisxmeba. rogorc erT-ma, ise meorem, lamis, sagnobrivad dagvanaxes Cveni suliere-bis is embrioni, saidanac SesaZlebelia yvelafris xelaxla dawyebac da istoriul gansacdelTa gadalaxvac _ embrioni, romelic firosmanTan mTe¬li Tavisi wminda gulubryvilo-biT, zedmiwevniT bavSvuri uSualobiT mJRavndeba, xolo va-JasTan _ usazRvro vitaluri ZalmosilebiTa da arsebobis nebiT. maT SeZles da gaacocxles is pirveladi adamianuri ga-remoebebi da metaforebi, romlis mumificirebasac axdenda „cocxali suraTebis“ yaidis azrovneba.

simarTlisagan Sors ar viqnebiT, Tu vityviT, rom iliam vaJas poeziaSi swored es dainaxa _ qarTuli sulierebis is vitaluri Zala da arsebobis is neba, romelmac saukuneebis win didi saxelmwifo Seqmna; Zala, romelic bedisweram uc-naur geopolitikur CixSi gamoketa, axla ki dauokebeli da Wirveuli vnebiT moiTxovda sasicocxlo sivrcis dabrunebas. iliam, rogorc Cans, igrZno, rom am energiis, sicocxlis nebis amgvari uSualo mocemulobis gareSe qarTuli saxelmwifoe-brivi cnobiereba zerele preteristuli Tu futuristuli proeqtebiT gatacebas dasjerdeboda. msoflmxedvelobriv TamaSobaTa raciosa da zneobis sasworze ganTavseba aRar iyo sakmarisi. saWiro iyo arsebobis im Zalisa da energiis gamJRavneba, romelsac TvaldaTval nTqavda imperia. kidev erTxel: dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom swored vaJas mier gaSiSvlebuli sicocxlis neba iyo is Zala, romelmac Cveni

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suliereba momdevno saukunis umZimesi istoriuli eqsperi-mentebis prizmaSi gaatara da gadaarCina _ dabeCavebuli, na-cemi, magram mainc sicocxlis matarebeli. dResac is gvaZlevs Zalas, rom Tavi davaRwioT axal da axal maxeebs.

martin buberi ambobs, rom yoveli kulturis cxovelmyo-feloba efuZneba erTgvar, pirvelad Sexvedras yofiere-basTan am ukanasknelis zRvrul namdvilobasa da uSualo sicxadeSi. vityodiT, rom suliereba swored amgvar aqtSi adasturebs sakuTar Tavs, rogorc „aq da axla“ arsebuls. es Sexvedrac unda veZioT ara odesRac da sadRac, aramed, is mudmivad Tanaobs da Tavis TanaobiT gvaxsenebs yofierebis miviwyebul, Tumca ki, mtkivneulad nacnob horizontebs. su-liereba xom ar aris „ra“. Tuki mas raime garkveuloba gaaCnia, es ukanaskneli swored is horizontia, sadac yofierebasTan idumali Sexvedris saidumlo aRsruldeba. albaT, esaa misi TviToba da ara samuzeumo eTnografiuloba, romelTanac xSirad kulturas aigiveben xolme. am azriT, vaJam iseve gagvax-sena Cveni TviTobis konturebi, rogorc odesRac rusTavel-ma, rogorc homerosma _ berZnebs. man gagvaxsena, rom Tvi-Toba dauokebeli da mudmivad ganaxlebadi aqtia da Tu Cven amgvar TviTobaSi ver aRviqvamT Tavs, mxolod calkeulTa Zalisxmeva Tu amoisvris socio-kulturuli hermetulo-bidan sulis vulkanebs. amoisvris da garemoc dauyonebliv iZiebs am vulkanTa gamamJRavneblebze Surs. ase marcxdebian vaJas gmirebi „stumar-maspinZelidan,“ „aluda qeTelauri-dan,“ „gvelis mWamelidan“. marcxdebian, magram maTi marcxis Sedegad datovebuli vakuumi, gvsurs Tu ara, gvaiZulebs, rom mcire Zalisxmeva mainc gaviRoT mis Sesavsebad, rom Cvenc ga-davdgaT nabijebi im gzebis mosaxilad, romlebic maT mimoix-iles. vaJam icis, rom msgavsi heroizmi yovelTvis marcxdeba da swored amgvari marcxiT qmnis zedmiwevniT adamianuri ar-sebobis precedentebs da „sikvdiliT sikvdilis daTrgunvis“ saidumloebis winaSe gvayenebs.

vaJa sulierebis im plasts amJRavnebs, romelsac, TiTqos da, arc Sexebia saukuneebi, sadac sulis pirveladi sicxadee-

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bia, rac mTavaria, is ZarRvi da nebaa, yofierebasTan didma Sexvedram rom Sva da mis rezonansad xmianebs CvenSi. vaJa ni-muSia imisa, rom Cvens sulierebas, Turme, TviTdasadgenad ar sWirdeboda bizantiis, iranis, ruseTisa Tu vinme sxvis mier gakvaluli bilikebi da rom, Turme, RvTisaken mimavali gezi, Tavisi gza da WeSmariteba mas sakuTar TavSic SeeZlo moexela. igi Cvens sulierebaSi gamJRavnda, rogorc warsu-lis fragmentebiT agebul sxeulSi gacialebuli sicocxle, rogorc dasturi imisa, rom jerac gvqonia is Zala da energia, romliTac fexze dgoma, xelebis zecisaken apyroba da saku-Tari warsulis usazriso naglejebis gacocxleba SegviZlia. amis gareSe, zecisaken uSualo mimarTvis unaris gareSe, ne-bismieri suliereba mkvdaria, _ usistemodRa imeorebs saku-Tar Tavs an sxvebs, radgan yofierebasTan cocxali kavSirebi aqvs dakarguli.

cocxali da cxovelmyofi sulierebac, albaT, mxolod asea SesaZlebeli _ yofierebasTan cxadi Tu SeniRbuli Sex-vedriT, ufro ki am Sexvedris mudmivi xmianebiT adamianTa interaqciaSi. totaluri Sexvedra gvaqvs „gvelis mWamel-Sic,“ „aluda qeTelaurSic,“ „stumar-maspinZelSic.“ SeiZle-ba iTqvas, rom vaJas mTeli poezia da proza xmianebs am Sexve-dris rezonansiT da masSi Cans Zala im arsebiTi qristianuli gamocdilebisa, romelic qarTul mTianeTSi cocxlobs.

arsebobs erTi ucnauri fenomeni, romelic am mxareSi daimzireba. aqauroba, xangZlivi istoriuli periodebis gan-mavlobaSi, moklebuli iyo eklesiis instituciur gavlenas da, amdenad, qristianobis spontanuri aRwarmoebis aucile-blobis winaSe idga. swored am dros viRebdiT da viRebT im religiur fenomenebs, romlebSic arqauli da qristianuli rwmenis niSnebi iyo aRreuli. miuxedavad arqauli formebis agresiulobisa, miuxedavad imisa, rom mkacri sasicocxlo pi-robebi yovelnairad uwyobdnen xels sulieri cxovrebis her-metulobasa da simkacres, qristianoba, rogorc gamocdileba, mudmivad axerxebda sakuTari Tavi gaemJRavnebina. amitomac, vaJasTan qristianuli impulsi ibadeba yovelwamierad, ibade-

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ba yovelTvis, roca ki aludas an joyolas msgavsad, adamiani axerxebs damTrgunveli da damavaldebulebeli socialuri formebisagan gaTavisuflebas, ibadeba maSin, rodesac ada-miani axerxebs, azris tradiciuli formebis wiaRSi Tavad sulis Zaxils daugdos yuri. umkacres socio-kulturul reglamentaciebSi Cakarguli sulis sicocxle vaJasTan kv-lav da kvlav ibadeba, rogorc macxovris sisadave, rogorc gzisa da WeSmaritebis sisadave, ibadeba da socio-kulturul warmodgenaTa monoliTur mTlianobaSi napovn bzarebSi ax-erxebs gamJRavnebas. mere ki vrwmundebiT, rom socio-kul-turul sicxadeTa rigi yofila ara mxolod tvirTi, aramed aucilebeli sivrcec macxovris dabadebisTvis, Tuki cocxa-lia adamianuri Zalisxmeva da intuiciebi da isini mTlianad ar CaunacvlebiaT cnobierebis xist formebs. mucalisa da aludas, zviadaurisa da alxastaiZis Sexvedra vaJasTan is Sex-vedrebia, sadac gmirebi im sivrceSi imyofebian, sadac maTan erTad macxovaric SeiZleba Tanamyofobdes. am sivrceSi azrs hkargavs konfesiuri gansxvavebebi. qristianoba aq ibadeba, rogorc WeSmaritad universaluri ram, rogorc maradiuli gamocdilebis nayofi da ara rogorc instituciuri val-debuleba da rjuli; is ibadeba, rogorc sulis garduvali ganzomileba. vaJa saSualebas gvaZlevs, Tvali vadevnoT, Tu rogor cocxlobs da Tavis cxovelmyoflobas rogor adas-turebs Cveni sulierebis Rrma SreebSi gamjdari impulsebi maTi TviTSenarCunebisa da TviTaRdgenis araCveulebrivi magaliTebiT.

rogorc vTqviT, Cveni, mcire da istoriaSi dakarguli eris suliereba vaJasTan yovelgvari Suamavlobisa da Teatraluri formebis gareSe, uSualod acxadebs Tavisi mniSvnelobis Ses-axeb, imis Sesaxeb, rom masSi SeiZleba iSvas macxovari da es xde-ba kidec, xdeba aludaSi, xdeba zviadaursa da joyolaSi; xo-gais mindiac inarCunebs yofierebasTan im idumal kavSirebs, romlebsac, rogorc biliks, SeiZleba mohyves macxovari ada-mianTa sulebSi. Sexvedris am totalobaSi ibadeba yofierebis metyveleba da Cveni unari am metyvelebis aRqmisa, anu is, rac

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Cvens pirovnul da sazogadoebriv raobas gansazRvravs. iRvi-Zeben pirveladi sicxadeebi da borotebasTan daZabulobaSi xelaxla Soben macxovars adamianTa sulebSi _ gaRviZebuli naTlis saxiT. vaJas gmirebs socio-kulturuli garemos her-metuloba klavs, magram gvrCeba maTi fiqrebisa da gancdebis rezonansSi yofnis aucilebloba da, iseve, rogorc macxo-vari _ swored Tavisi miwieri marcxiT qmnian im daZabulobas, mTels Semdgom droebas rom gansazRvravs.

vaJam moitana swored is, rac ase aklda Cvens sulier ga-remos: yofierebasTan kavSiri da dauokebeli vitaluri Zal-mosilebiT gaJRenTili neba imisa, rom Cveni suliereba RvTis pirveladi sityvis amsaxveli iyos. rac mTavaria, mas moaqvs neba imisac, rom dangreuliyo sulis gaxevebuli formebi, xolo kulturis Semqmneli metaforebi kvlav Tavisi pirvan-deli ZaliT JRerdes.

raRac azriT, kultura ritualia, romliTac is sakuTar Tavs adasturebs. amasTan, es rituali SeiZleba aRsruldes meqanikuri ciklurobiTac, „cocxali suraTebis“ meSveobiT da misi yoveli elementi, yovelwamierad, xelaxlac SeiZle-ba daibados yofierebasTan idumali da intimuri Sexvedris wyalobiT, rogorc es vaJasTan da firosmanTanaa. swored es faqizi da, erTi SexedviT, SeumCneveli gansxvavebaa „cocxali suraTebis“ ideologebsa da maT Soris.

ukve ilia grZnobda, rom „cocxali suraTebis“ samyaro arsad da arasdros arsebuli sinamdvilis gamomxatvel enas Sobda. es ena Tavisi pompezurobiTa da butaforiulobiT, umal, preteristuli esTetikuri koreqciis nayofi iyo, vi-dre haidegeriseuli „yofierebis saxli“. mumificirebuli da esTetikur koreqcias daqvemdebarebuli samyaro amgvar si-cocxles moklebul enobriv qsovilSi Tu hpovebda gamoxat-ulebas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ilias dapirispireba am enasTan iyo mcdeloba, rom Cvens sulierebas Tavisufali horizonti moepovebina, rac igivea, moepovebina is „Sin“, romelSic Ses-aZlebelia cocxali da cxovelmyofi arseboba. vaJam swored cocxali enis precedentebi Seqmna.

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enaSi erTdroulad moicema komunikaciaTa sakuTar TavSi Caketili formaluri garkveuloba da is cocxali birTvic, is Warbi energiac, romliTac yofierebam imave enis pirveli aspeqti _ adamianur komunikaciaTa hermetuloba SeiZleba gaarRvios da xma mogvawvdinos. amgvari urTierTsapirispiro tendenciebi yovel enaSi daimzireba da swored maT WidilSi ibadeba Cveni samyaro, rogorc Cveni samSoblo _ Tu kamius gamonaTqvams gavixsenebT franguli enis Sesaxeb. qarTuli ena Cveni samSobloa, romelsac Cveni komunikaciebi da am komu-nikaciaTa wiaRidan mosuli yofierebis xmianeba ageben.

amitomac aris, rom enisaTvis brZola, amavdroulad, br-Zolaa im mistikuri saxlisaTvis, romelSic Cveni suliereba SeiZleba ganTavsdes. Tu paTetikuri romantizmis impera-tivebi iZaleben, rogorc es asparezze ilias gamosvlisas iyo, Cndeba sicocxlis gaxangZlivebis iluzia, romelic, umal, samedicino xelsawyosTan mierTebuli mZime avadmyo-fis meqanikur arsebobas hgavs.

Tu ena, komunikaciis saSualebis garda, yofierebis sax-licaa da misi meSveobiT Tavad yofiereba, rogorc pirvela-di logosi, gamoTqvams sakuTar Tavs, sakuTar energias, ma-Sin yalb formebSi misi CaketviT, uars vambobT misi, rogorc pirveladi sityvis dadasturebaze. ena xom arsebulia da cxovelmyofia maSin, rodesac is logosis sxeulia da ara preteristul Tu futuristul warmosaxvaTa sabudari. ena xom TavisTavadac Semecnebis gzaa imis miuxedavad, ra gam-oiTqmis misiT. sityva gzaa, TavisTavad, yofierebisaken da, meores mxriv, demiurgia, im sinamdviles rom aformebs, sadac Cven varT. Cven vmetyvelebT eniT, magram iSviaTad Tu vugdebT yurs mis TavisTavad metyvelebas, im saTqmels, romelsac yofiereba sityviT gamoTqvams. enis es buneba mudmivad moiTx-ovs Cvengan mindobas ise, rogorc rusTaveli, guramiSvili an vaJa endobodnen. did poeziasac xom swored es mindoba Sobs. enis TavisTavadi cxovelmyofelobaa is, rac hqmnis poezias da sakralur teqstebs, isaa, risi wyalobiTac Cven, nebiT Tu uneburad, vrCebiT yofierebis sakralur ZirebTan kavSirSi

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da ar varT martooden sakomunikacio eqstazSi CarTuli Tu paTetikuri romantizmis utopiur samyaroSi mcxovrebi arsebebi.

vaJa am TvalsazrisiTac gansakuTrebuli movlena iyo. man SeZlo Cveni mibruneba enis im pirveladi mdgomareobisaken, rodesac es ukanaskneli Sobs yofierebas da yofiereba _ enas, rodesac erTic da meorec cocxal TamaSSi arian CarTulni da Tavisi cxovelyofelobiT Soben urTierTs. Tuki vinmes yuri daugdia Cveni mTielebis metyvelebisaTvis maT bune-briv garemoSi, albaT, aRmouCenia kidec, metyveleba sponta-nurad rogor Sobs axal sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs, cocxali da TiTqos sazRvrebdaudgeni yofiereba rogor cdilobs enis meSveobiT gamoTqvas sakuTari Tavi. TiTqos, oriveni Sobis procesSi arian _ enac da yofierebac, TiTqos, jerac de-dis saSos argacilebul mTlianobas warmoadgenen. swored es suli Semoitana vaJam _ Seqmna enis cxovelmyofelobis is precedentebi, romelTa wyalobiTac, Semdeg, meoce saukunis didi poezia gaxda SesaZlebeli.

gavimeorebT, rom enisaTvis, rogorc pirveladi sityvis mTels mravalferovanebaSi gamomxatvelisaTvis brZola samSoblosaTvis brZolis Tanazomadia. swored cocxali samSoblosaTvis ibrZoda ilia, rodesac win aRudgeboda TaTqariZizmis erTerT, yvelaze mZime gamovlenas _ „cocx-ali suraTebis“ lingvistikas. misTvis es iyo lingvistika, romelic imdenad iyo yalbi paTetikuri sicxadeebiT gajere-buli, rom sicocxlis sasunTq sivrces aRar tovebda. amg-var metyvelebaSi aRaraferia mosapovebeli. yvelaferi ukve erTxel da samudamod aris mopovebuli da mravaljeradi ganmeorebis Sedegad sazrisebisaganaa daclili. arsebobs erTi bavSvuri TamaSi: erTi da imave sityvis mravaljer gan-meorebiT Cndeba sityvis mier sazrisis dakargvis gancda. ase hkargavdnen sazriss „cocxali suraTebis“ lingvistikaSi si-tyvebi, simboloebi da metaforebi.

vaJam swored is idumali Zalebi gaaRviZa enaSi, romelTa wyalobiTac mas cocxali da sakuTari samyaros damdgeni SeiZleboda rqmeoda da romelic pirvelad da idumal kav-

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SirSia musikasTan. Cvenma mTielurma xalxurma simReram xom araCveulebrivad SeinarCuna es pirveladi kavSiri. esaa magizmiT gaJRenTili simRera, rodesac, erTi SexedviT, erTi da igive Tema kvlav da kvlav ubrundeba sakuTar Tavs. Sem-deg ki aRmoaCen, rom musikalur spiralTa sistemaSi aRmoCe-nilxar, erTi uCinari da gauxmovanebeli wertilisaken rom migiZRvian, Tumca ki arasdros migiyvanen bolomde. musika-luri Temebi jadosnurad gityueben idumal wiaRSi da im zR-varTan dagayeneben, romlis Semdegac mdumarebaa da ukve sxva, ukve mdumare megzurebs gadabarebulma sakuTari nebiT unda ganagrZo gza. isisaa, sayovelTao mdumarebis am wertils ig-rZnob, rom erTmaneTSi gadaWdobili xmovani spiralebi kv-lav wargitaceben da kvlav CagrTaven am dausrulebel da, rogorc vTqviT, erTi SexedviT, mudmivad sakuTari Tavisaken mibrunebul rokvaSi. amitomac aris xalxuri hangi Tu simRe-ra yofierebis pirveladi metyvelebis umniSvnelovanesi in-strumenti da, rogorc vTqviT, vaJa swored masTan aTanadeb-da Tavis xalxuri zomis rvamarcvlian Sairebs. am ritmsa da zomaSi, albaT, yvelaze naTlad Cans Cveni kultura, rogorc uflis Jesti, rogorc moZraobis is wesi, romliTac ufali kulturis sxeuls awesrigebs da aformebs Tavisi mediume-bis _ adamianebis meSveobiT. albaT, swored es fenomenebi ganasaxiereben yvelaze naTlad im wiaRs, saidanac iSveba su-liereba da saiTac unda mibrundes igi xangamoSvebiT, raTa sasicocxlo Zalebi moikrifos.

musika, albaT, yvelaze axlos dgas im pirvelad energia-sTan, romelic adamianSi, rogorc RvTis sityvasTan Tanxmi-er arsebaSia. es aris, albaT, am energiis mier formis SeZenis pirveli safexuri, romelic Semdeg yvela sxvas _ sityviere-bas, ferweras, qandakebas Tu arqiteqturas gansazRvravs. ufro metic, Tavisi imperativebiT is iseT, erTi SexedviT, TviTmkmar sferoSic ki aRwevs, rogoricaa maTematika, _ Tav-isi, TiTqosda, erTxel da samudamod dadgenili pirobiTo-bebiT. amiT igi adamianur qmnilebaTa Soris, albaT, yvelaze axlosaa RvTis sityvasTan da misi gamJRavnebis dasabamTan.

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mas ar gaaCnia „ra“ da amitomac totalurad myofobs. ucn-auria da qarTuli mTieluri simReris msgavsad, xSirad, rac ufro asketurad mwiria misi gamJRavnebis formebi, miT ufro naTlad igrZnoba masSi dafaruli SemousazRvravi energia. musikalur TemaTa asketizmi da ganmeorebadoba, TiTqos, Rv-Taebrivi TvalTmaqcobiT faravs imas, risi gamJRavnebisak-enac aris mowodebuli.

amitomac aris, rom eTnografiuloba, Tavisi mwiri forme-biT da pirobiTobaTa mudmivi ganmeorebiT, ki ar aRatakebs, piriqiT, kidev ufro saCinod xdis imas, rac unda gamJRavndes. RvTis sityvasTan siaxlove mas kosmogoniasTan uSualo siax-loveSi ganaTavsebs da gvaiZulebs, iqve viyoT, sadac Cveni da-sabamis saidumloa. ufro metic, Tavad musikac kreaciis in-strumentad iqceva da amitomac iyo igi Selocvebisa da sxva magiur qmedebaTa mud¬mivi Tanamdevi, amitomac vcdilobT, sagalobelTa meSveobiT, davadasturoT Cveni yofna pirve-ladi sityvis horizontSi. amiT eTnografiulobas sruliad gansxvavebuli azri eZleva. is aRniSnavs ara Cveni arsebobis monadurobas, ara imas, rom Cven monawile varT romeliRac mkacrad singularuli praqtikisa, aramed sakuTari simciris gadalaxvis gzad iqceva. eTnografiuli arseboba is Wupria, romelSic pepela SeiZleba iSvas. is garduvalia, garduvali gzaa, Tu mas samuzeumo eqsponatis an egzotikuri Sesamose-lis azriT ar gavigebT. radgan, kidev erTxel gavimeorebT, swored musikaa is pirveli da yvelaze zogadi forma, romel-sac RvTis sityva iZens adamianis ZalisxmeviT, xolo sauku-neebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli tradiciuli formebi, am azriT, sxva araferia, Tu ara RvTis sityvasTan Tanaobis sakomunikacio horizonti _ sada, uSualo da pirveladi Za-lebiT savse horizonti.

amitomacaa, rom rodesac gadmocemebidan vigebT, rom vaJa Tavis axlad daweril leqsebs daamRerebda xolme, es, albaT, unda gavigoT, rogorc misi mcdeloba, rom leqsi logosis pirvelad energiebTan TanxmierebisaTvis mieRwia. SeTanade-bis xarisxi iyo is sasinji qva, romliTac vaJa cdilobda Tav-

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isi qmnilebis pirvelad sityvasTan Tanaobis xarisxi moeniSna da mxolod mas Semdeg SeeSva kulturis sakomunikacio dina-mikaSi, rogorc am ukanasknelisaTvis axali rszonansisa da sazrisis mimcemi, rogorc iseTi ram, romelsac sawyisTa xmi-aneba unda mietana sxva adamianebamde. eTnografiuloba ki am dros warmoadgens ara zerele turistis saZiebel egzoti-kas, aramed swored im karibWes, romelic universalurisaken migviZRvis. amiT patriotizmi da kosmopolitizmi swored im TanaxmierebaSi eqcevian, romlis Sesaxebac igi werda, ufro metic, amiT kulturis sakomunikacio dinamika pirvelZire-bidan ulufad mowodebul pirvelad energiebs iZens da rac Zalze mniSvnelovania, kosmosis winaSe Tavis saWiroebas adasturebs.

da axla, kidev erTxel Tu gavixsenebT im sulier kon-teqsts, romelSic vaJa iSva, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom misi saxiT mTelma sulierebam ganacxada sakuTari arsebobisa da si-cocxlis Sesaxeb. vaJa amiT garduvali niSani iyo imisa, rom Cven jerac varT, varsebobT da jerac xelgvewifeba RvTis sityvasTan TanaobaSi yofna. vaJas poeziis dabadebiT mTeli Cveni suliereba axleburi sazrisiT iwyebs metyvelebas da ax-leburi sazrisebis horizontSi ganTavsdeba.

cocxali enis wyalobiT vaJasTan suli Tavis sasicocx-lo garemos povebs da TiTqosda xelaxla ibadeba, ibadeba yovelTvis, roca ki, aludas an joyolas msgavsad, adamiani axerxebs damTrgunveli da damavaldebulebeli socialuri formebisagan gaTavisuflebas, ibadeba maSin, rodesac ada-miani axerxebs da azris inerciebis wiaRSi Tavad sulis Zax-ils daugdebs yurs. socialur reglamentaciebSi Cakarguli sulis sicocxle vaJasTan kvlav da kvlav ibadeba, rogorc macxovris sisadave, rogorc gzisa da WeSmaritebis sisadave, ibadeba da socio-kulturul warmodgenaTa monoliTur mTlianobaSi napovn bzarebSi axerxebs gamJRavnebas. mJRavn-deba da vrwmundebiT, rom socio-kulturul sicxadeTa rigi yofila ara mxolod tvirTi, aramed aucilebeli sivrcec macxovris dasabadeblad. magram amgvari ram ver ganxorciel-

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deba, Tu arseboba sikvdilis perspeqtivaSi ar moeqca da amiT metafizikuri reliefi ar SeiZina („RmerTma giSvelos, sikv-dilo, sicocxle Svenobs SeniTa“). es, albaT, maradi parado-qsia: sicocxlis ZarRvi mTels mis metafizikur ganzomile-basa da mniSvnelobaSi swored sikvdilis ideasTan TanaobaSi iRviZebs. esaa is generaluri ganwyoba, romelic ara mxolod qarTul mTianeTs, aramed mTels sulier kavkasias qmnis. mas, TiTqos, mTlianad sikvdilis metafizikur ganzomilebaSi, yofierebis metafizikur bzarSi yofnis unari qmnis. amitomac sunTqavs uCinari bzaris xmianebiT, Sexvedra-damSvidobebis suliT mTeli es samyaro.

am samyaroSi, sikvdili mudam aq aris, rogorc sivrce, romelSic arseboba SeiZleba gaCndes. amiT igi mudam gansaz-Rvravs Cvens raobas. an gvyofnis simamace, mis Zaxils yuri da-vugdoT da misiT davudoT dasabami arsebobas, an aTasgvari mimikriuli formebiT _ nebayoflobiTi sisuleliT, zogad-sakacobrio idealebis niRbebiT Tu miwieri samoTxis xate-bebiT, vcdilobT mis Zaxils gaveqceT _ TiTqos, rogorc haidegeri ambobs, sikvdili, TiTqos, erTgvari avadmyofoba, erTgvari tragikuli SemTxveviToba iyos, romelic SeiZle-ba raRac SemTxvevis gamo dagvemarTos. am samyaroSi sikvdi-li Cveni maradi mrCevelia _ is sasazRvro SesaZleblobaa, romelic garduvalad iqceva sinamdviled da misgan Tavis dasaRwevad Seqmnili mimikriis formebisa da niRbebisagan gaTavisuflebisaken mogviwodebs. Tu CveniTve ar davyvebiT mis nebas, gvsurs Tu ara, gardu¬valobiT migviyvans im sircx-vilsa da siSiSvlemde, qristianul freskebsa da miniatureb-Si mokuntuli da sinanuliT Sepyrobili sxeulebiT rom aris gamoxatuli. sikvdili yovelwamierad cdilobs migvaniSnos im sicxadeebze, romlebisgan Tavis aridebis formebicaa yofiTi Tu kulturis niRbebis mTeli is mravalferovneba, mniSvnelobaTa mTeli is ierarqia Tu RirebulebaTa mTeli is sistema, romliTac Tavs vicavT am sircxvilisa Tu sinanu-lisagan. is madlia, romelic migvaniSnebs _ Tundac, sustad da TiTqmis SeumCnevlad, im maradiul zRvarze, romlis wi-

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naSe varT warmdgari maSinac ki, rodesac amis Sesaxeb araferi gvaxsovs da TavdaviwyebiT vTxzavT sxva sinamdviles, raTa am maradiuli perspeqtivisagan gaqceulebma, sakuTar Tavs rogorme Rirseba da Rirebuleba mivaniWoT. is mudam aq da ax-laa, rogorc faruli, magram garduvali arsi da Sinaarsi im gzis yoveli wertilisa, romelsac gavdivaT. swored masTan mimar¬TebaSi dgindeba pirovnebac da kulturac, romelic gzasa da perspeqtivas xsnis rogorc erTis, ise meoris winaSe da TiTqos, winaswarve gansazRvravs misi moZraobis traeqto-riasac da reliefsac, romlebzec ganTavsdeba misi nebismieri gamJRavneba. igi mudam aq aris, magram mudam vusxltebiT sulis aTasgvar konfiguraciebSi, Tumca ki, TiTqos, imTaviTvea cx-adi, rom es konfiguraciebi, sabolood, am wertilSi iwrite-bian da rom es wertilia, romelic imperatiulad flobs maT. yvela traeqtoriasa da reliefs es wertili adgens imTaviTve. TiTqos patara bavSviviT iTxovs Cvengan, _ yuradReba mivaq-cioT da Tavi ar avaridoT masTan dialogs. amiT is, rac erT mimarTebaSi sasazRvro ulmobelobaa, meore mimarTebaSi Cvili da umweo bavSvia da swored sikvdilis, rogorc bavS-vis niRabSi iCens Tavs macxovris madlismomgvreli xateba. misi Tanaoba gvayenebs yofierebasTan yovelwamieri firos-maniseuli Sexvedra-damSvidobebis ganwyobis garduvalobis winaSe, erTaderTi ganwyobis winaSe, romelmac ramenairad mainc, SeiZleba gaamarTlos Cveni arseboba. sagnebTan, mov-lenebTan, yofierebis mTels dausrulebel mravalferovne-basTan Sexvedra-ganSorebis is ganwyobileba, romelmac Sva firosmani da romelmac Sva vaJa da romelic, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, Tuki raimem odesRac gansazRvra Cveni su-lierebis svla amqveynad, gansazRvra swored man _ erTxel, odesRac da sadRac gaTamaSebulma yofierebasTan Sexvedra-ganSorebam da Cvens mniSvnelobas vadasturebdiT manam, sanam misi xmia¬nebis matareblebi viyaviT _ manam, sanam misi idu-mali madli da Zala, TandaTan, kulturis meoreulma niR-bebma ar dafares. cocxali xar manam, sanam sikvdilTan xar mi-marTebaSi. kvdoma iwyeba maSin, rodesac iviwyeb mas da masTan

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idumal dialogSi dabadebuls cariel formaTa da SinaarsTa mravalsaxeoba cvlis.

vaJa gvaxsenebs, rom sikvdilis horizontSi yofna yovel-wamier, xelaxla dabadebas niSnavs. is, rac am horizontis ga-reSea, anu „sicxade“, masSi xelaxlaa mosapovebeli, xelaxlaa dasadasturebeli, rogorc arsebuli, xelaxla aRmosaCeni, rogorc RvTaebrivi energiis gamJRavneba. esaa yvelafris marad xelaxla damwyebis cnobiereba, romelic, isixasti ber-is msgavsad, RvTaebriv energiebTan TanxmierebaSi cdilobs amoicnos is sayofeli, romelic mas ergo, rogorc bediswera. da is, swored rom, RvTaebriv energiebTanaa TanxmierebaSi da maT gamoTqvams, rogorc yofierebis marad ganaxlebas. rodesac vismenT „rad gavCndi adamianad, ratom ar movel wvimada“, swored sikvdilis horizontsa da RvTaebrivi en-ergiebis horizontSi myofi da yovelives xelaxla damwyebi sulieri arsis xma gvesmis, arsisa, romelic ver dautyvevebia sicxadeebis diqtaturas da romelic ver SeudeniaT „yvela-saTvis cnobil“ mocemulobaTa tyveobaSi. esaa maradi bavS-voba, romelic vaJaSi da firosmanSi erTnairad daimzireba, bavSvoba, rogorc sakuTari Tavisa da mTeli samyaros maradi ganaxlebis unari, rogorc unari imisa, rom yofierT mTeli pirveladi uSualobiTa da pirveladi siaxliT gadaeyaro, ga-daeyaro da daemSvidobo manam, sanam is warsulidan awmyoSi gadmosul mkvdar saxed qcevas moaswrebdes.

amgvari cnobierebisaTvis ar arsebobs warsuli, rogorc is, raSic cnobierebis gamocdilebebs mouyriaT Tavi. war-suli isevea axla, rogorc „axla.“ momavalic isevea axla, rogorc Tavad „axla“. esaa awmyoSi yofnis totaloba, romel-sac sikvdilis horizonti iZleva. es mdgomareoba hgavs mdgo-mareobas Tokze taatiT mavali kacisa, romelSic ori grZnoba gadaWdobila erTmaneTSi: aryofnis molodini da arsebobis wamiT gancdili bedniereba. vaJasaTvis adamiani sakuTar Tavs, rogorc adamians, swored am mdgomareobaSi Tu adasturebs. da ra paradoqsuladac ar unda JRerdes, mas swored sikvdi-lis horizontSi yofna aZlevs sakuTari Tavisa da mTeli

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yofierebis dadasturebis amgvar Zalasa da sixaruls, imas, rasac Semdeg igi garemomcvelebSi koncentriul wreebad avrcelebs da vaJas sityvisa Tu firosmanis ferTmetyveleb-is msgavsad, Semdgom saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi xmianebs.

kidev erTxel davubrundebiT sulieri kavkasiis Temas da vityviT, rom es aris garemo, sadac metafizikuri tkiviliT mogvrili sixaruli batonobs _ swored rom tkivilis six-aruli _ Rrma, metafizikuri tkivilisa da sevdisa, rogorc imis dasturisa, rom samyaros Sen jer kidev sWirdebi da rom arsebobs wertilebi, sadac misi Tanxmieri da TanamJReri xar, rom samyaros zRvrul perspeqtivasTan Tanaob. am garemoSi adamianebic erTmaneTs am horizontSi yofnas sTavazoben da mniSvneloba ara aqvs, vis sTavazoben amas, qristians, muslims Tu warmarTs. mTavaria, rom erTmaneTs sTavazoben, rogorc adamianad yofnis erTaderT SesaZlo perspeqtivas, rogorc uzenaes Sanss imisa, rom adamianuri sulis mier sakuTari da yofierebis arseboba yovelwamierad iqnas dadasturebuli da ganaxlebuli. esaa swored RvTis pirveladi sityvis Tanx-miereba. vaJam dagvanaxa, rom mTeli kavkasiuri heroikuli kultura, pirvel rigSi, swored esaa, swored sikvdilTan TanaobaSi yofnis unaria da rom swored am sulierebaSi Sei-Zleba daibados macxovari, rogorc aludaseuli gamonaTeba sulisa, xelaxla rom adasturebs sakuTar Tavs, rogorc qristians, rogorc joyolaseuli Tu aRazaseuli gamonaTeba, kvlav rom adastureben maTSi „naTeli WeSmaritis“ arsebobas, Tanac, rac aseve damaxasiaTebelia kavkasiuri sulierebisaT-vis, adastureben ara instituciurad, aramed eqsistencialu-rad. esaa metafizikuri adgili, romelSic isini erTmaneTs xvdebian, iseve, rogorc iudeveli xvdeba keTil samaritels da oriveni erTad RvTis sasurvelni xdebian. amitomac Seina-Cuna sulierma kavkasiam ase xangZlivad adaTi, rogorc forma, romelSic sxvadasxva mrwamsis mier ganmxoloebuli adamiane-bi kvlav SeiZleboda erTmaneTs Sexvedrodnen da am institu-ciaTa dabrmavebuli damcvelebis wminda siave gadaelaxaT. aq saqme ar exeba religiur instituciaTa ugulebelyofas. saqme

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exeba, swored, maTi arsebobis eqstremalur dapi¬rispirebaSi gaCenil Sanss imisa, rom xelaxla iSvas adamiani da xelaxla dausvas sakuTar Tavs kiTxvebi sikeTis mSvenierebisa da WeS-maritebis Sesaxeb, kiTxvebi, romlebzec TiTqos ukve mouZeb-niaT pasuxebi sadRac da odesRac da maTgan mxolod ganmeo-rebas moiTxoven. ase SeiZleba dapirispirebisa da mtrobis boroteba iqces im sivrced, sadac WeSmariti adamianuri sikeTe SeiZleba iSvas.

vaJas kavkasia swored am codnis matarebelia da mTeli kavkasiuri suliereba am principze aigeba: brZola da saku-Tari arsebobis sasworze Segdeba ki Sansia imisa, rom mSvido-ba iSvas, rogorc sikeTe. amitomac unda iarsebos Temma Tavi-si ulmobeli sixistiT, raTa daibados aluda, unda iarsebos demokratiad wodebuli olxokratiuli TamaSebis moTamaSe polismac, raTa iSvas misi antipodi sokrate, amitomac unda iarsebos maradiulma adamianurma movlenam gansakuTrebiT abraamistuli religiurobis samyaroSi _ mwignobrobam, raTa kvlav da kvlav iSvas macxovari. es qmnis religiuri gamocdilebis usazRvro daZabulobas da kavkasiis mTianeTi uZlebda amas.

istoriuli Tu fsiqokulturuli stiqiebi, ukve ramden-ime saukunea, Cvens mokvdinebas lamoben. istoriuli stiq-iebi TiTqos cdiloben romeliRac, hermetulad daxSul mRvimeSi Segvdenon da axali hoprizontebis mopovebis Zala waarTvan. isini TiTqos sagangebod cdiloben, rom nebismieri msoflmxedveloba Tu ideologia aqcion maxed, romlidanac Tavs veRar davaRwevT. eqstremizmi da zereloba, rasac Cven, gonebis raRac manqanebiT, emociurobas vuwodebT da gulTan vakavSirebT, swored am sakomunikacio demonebis umTavres sakvebad da iaraRad iqca. eqstremizmiTa da zerelobiT Cven vSobT maT da Semdeg isini Soben im samyaros, romelSic arse-boba gviwevs. TiTqos sadRac, istoriis romeliRac brunze davkargeT codna imisa, Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes guli gon-ieri an guliT gamTbari goneba, Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes macxovris mowodeba, viyoT gveliviT brZenni da mtrediviT

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umankoni, Tu ras SeiZleba niSnavdes goeTeseuli ideali ada-mianisa, romelsac orive xeli zecisaken aqvs aRmarTuli da orive fexiT myarad dgas miwaze. es ki is mzis wnulia, romel-sac mxolod arsebobis nebam SeiZleba migvagnebinos, nebam imisa, rom „xval“-is perspeqtivaSi ganviTavsoT Tavi.

vaJa swored amis Zalas gvaZlevs: Zalas imisa, rom miven-doT sicocxlis nebas sakuTar TavSi da ise veZioT is wertili, istoriaSi rom dagvabrunebs, rac RvTis maZiebel adamiane-bad gvaqcevs yovelgvari paTetikuri da yalbi miTo-poeturi suliskveTebis gareSe, gvaqcevs aq da axla, am samyaroSi, sa-dac naTeli bnelsa Sina Cans da mainc uflobs masze. vaJa is moazrovnea, romelmac aludas meSveobiT dagvanaxa, rom Tu WeSmaritebis xma amas moiTxovs, mivatovoT yvela is mRvime, sulis maxed rom qceula da xelaxla SevudgeT Cveni samyaros Ziebas. esaa, riTac davadasturebT, rom RvTis sityvisaTvis gzebi bolomde ar Cagviketavs CvenSi da rom Rirsni varT ar-sebobisa.

iliam araCveulebrivi alRoTi igrZno, Tu ra Zala dai-bada vaJas poeziis saxiT, ra Zala sunTqavda bunebis im gu-lubryvilo da bavSvur gancdaSi, romliTac es poezia iSve-ba, sulierebis ra siRrmiseuli Sreebi iwyebdnen misi piriT metyvelebas. yofierebasTan Sexvedris gareSe, pirvelad logosTan Tanaobis gareSe, sakuTar TavSi Caketili sulis usasrulo martoobaa. cocxali suraTebi amgvari usasrulo martoobis Cixi iyo Cveni kulturisaTvis. vaJa da firosmani am Cixidan Tavis daRwevas ganasaxiereben.

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zaza gogia

1954-2014)

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g a m o T x o v e b a

maia jaliaSvili

sityvebad qceuli dro

`kaci imdeni Rirs, ramdensac misi safiqrali iwonis~

markus avreliusi

`Tuki bekons davujerebT, rom wigni `fiqris xomaldia~, SemiZlia vTqva, rom xomaldi wavida, fiqri darCa~, _ wers zaza gogia da am darCenilsa da dro-sivrcis gadamlaxvel ma-giur Zalaze gvesaubreba axal wignSi, romelic savsea fiqris feradovani nakadebiT, romlebic mravalmxriv ganitotebian da qarTuli Tu msoflio literaturis, xelovnebis, zoga-dad, kulturisa da cxovrebis egzistencialur sakiTxebs moicaven.

avtors Zalian sada da Rrmaazrovani saTauriT `razec mi-fiqria~ mkiTxveli gahyavs yofis nacrisferi sasowarmkveTi sivrcidan, drois gamanadgurebel kanonebs rom emorCileba da SeuZRveba fiqris mravalferovan, laR momajadoebel sam-yaroSi, romelic materialur wessa da rigs ar emorCileba, Tavisi nebiT miikvalavs gzas ucnobi sanaxebisaken aqamde dau-naxavis aRmosaCenad, SeugrZnobelis gansacdelad. saTauris qveS mokrZalebuli minaweriT: literaturuli Canawerebi; Strixebi portretisTvis _ avtori TiTqos raRac jer kidev dausrulebelsa da SemdgomSi dasamTavrebelze migvaniSnebs. arada, es Canawerebi dasrulebuli da gamokveTili analizia maradaqtualuri problemebisa, adamianuri yofis arss rom gansazRvraven. portretebsac araferi aklia imisTvis, rom `daxatuli~ Semoqmedni sityvis mravalganzomilebian sivrce-Si sxvadasxva rakursiT davinaxoT da CavwvdeT maTs suls.

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avtori mkiTxvels `samyarosaviT ukidegano fiqris~ (va-Ja-fSavela) ganzomilebaSi daafiqrebs `Tavis Sesamecnebel~ (guramiSvili) imgvar sakiTxebze, rogorebicaa: vin varT, saidan movdivarT da saiT mivdivarT? rogor SevinarCunoT erovnuli Tu pirovnuli identoba? ra Zala da funqcia aqvs mxatvrul literaturas? ra gadakveTis wertilebi aqvT re-alobasa da warmosaxvas? erTi sityviT, wigni savsea fiqris gzajvaredinebiT, romlebic mkiTxvels arCevnis gakeTebisa da, Sesabamisad, fiqrisTvis, adamianis sulier-materialuri arsebobis azris garkvevisTvis aRZraven.

wignis saintereso struqturas qnis sxvadasxva rubrika: `literaturuli Canawerebi~, `Strixebi portretisaTvis~, `fiqrebi mzis miwurulSi~, òri portreti saojaxo albomi-dan~, `simarTle – realuri Tu formaluri?!~ `kritikosi da literaturis problemebi~, `droSi acdenili sivrce~, `poeti da enobrivi cnobiereba~, èrTi Taobis sami Tbilisi~, `gax-seneba~. maTSi gaerTianebuli werilebi mkiTxvels drosa da sivrceSi amogzaureben da, STabeWdilebebiT datvirTuls, daexmarebian wminda literaturuli Tu zogadi religiur-filosofiuri sakiTxebis garkvevaSi. rac mTavaria, avtori-seuli sada da tevadi stili mkiTxvels avtorTan Tavisufali dialogis gamarTvaSi exmareba.

wignSi warmodgenili yvela werili Taviseburad mniS-vnelovani da sainteresoa. Cans, rogori yuradRebiT arCevda da alagebda avtori nafiqr-naazrevs swored amgvari Tana-mimdevrobiT. sabolood ki, Cven winaSea damafiqrebeli mS-venieri mozaika, romlis TiToeuli nawili TavisTavadi Ri-rebulebisaa, Tanve aucilebelia wignis saerTo koncefciis gasaazreblad. mravalTagan erTi aqtualuri problema war-moCenilia werilSi `warsulSi areklili awmyo~, romelSic av-tori filosofiurad gaiazrebs warsulis xsovnis dakargvis safrTxes Tanamedrove globalisturi tendenciebis kon-teqstSi. igi msjelobs Cveni drois axal Tavsatexze, imaze, rom èrovnul-sarwmunoebrivi da kulturuli tradiciebi ver ewereba mZlavri saxelmwifoebis eTikur-zneobriv da sa-

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marTlebriv ganawesSi~. Tanamedrove mecnierul kvlevebze dayrdnobiT, igi ara mxolod problemas warmoaCens, aramed, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, Tavis nafiqrs sTavazobs mkiTx-vels, Tu rogor SeiZleba erovnuli TviTmyofadobis Senar-Cuneba da ganmtkiceba. igi iziarebs bertran raselis azrs: `mecnierebis `codna-ZalasTan~ erTad xelovnebis `codna-siyvarulsac~ unda daveufloT, raTa drosa da sivrceSi WeS-mariti orientaciis unari ar davkargoT~.

WeSmariti orientaciis arCevaSi ki upirvelesi roli qarTul literaturas aqvs: àmasve gvaswavlis galaktioni: `nu miatoveb leqss uTvistomod, drois, epoqis da sivrcis gareT~. zaza gogias msjeloba am problemaze mwyobria da amomwuravi. misi azriT: `warsulis abuCad agdebis safuZ-veli droSi ganfenili sivrcis fizikuri Zlevis SegrZnebiT gamowveuli amneziaa, romelic TiTqosda aTavisuflebs ada-mians awmyo warsuls Seuwonasworos da momavlis gezi ise gan-sazRvros. es mozeime qveynebis sakuTar kalapotze morgebu-li moralia, gadarCenaze mzrunavi tradiciuli erebisTvis ki _ politikuri suicidis tolfasi. Tavad eric, neokul-turuli ganmartebiT, aris: pirveli _ erToblivi damokide-buleba danarCen kacobriobasTan da meore _ zrunva saerTo momavalze, anu figurirebs awmyo, momavali, magram warsuli ignorirebilia, Sesabamisad, guramiSvilis damamkvidrebel moZRvrebas, `ymawvili unda swavlobdes sacnoblad Tav-isadao: vin aris, sidam mosula, sad aris, wava sadao?~ anda ilias mier moxmobil laibnicis sityvebs, àwmyo Sobili war-sulisagan aris mSobeli momavalisa~, saZirkveli erRveva. Tumca, ilias saxeli wamdauwum pirze gvakeria~.

zaza gogia vrclad da siRrmiseulad warmoaCens man-qurTizmis (Cingiz aiTmatovi, `da DdRe iyo ufro grZeli wuTisofelze~) problemas da msjelobs qarTul litera-turaSi warmoCenil im personaJebze, romelTac warsuli an nebiT daiviwyes an ZaliT amouSanTes gulidan, sulidan da gonebidan. guram gegeSiZis, oTar WilaZis, oTar CxeiZis Semoqmedebis analizis safuZvelze avtori aanalizebs ìn-

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tensiuri drois~ niRabqveS mimaluli travmuli cnobierebis arss, romlis sabediswero kvali komunisturi imperiis ngre-vis Semdegac aCrdiliviT dagvyveba~. misTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnia `totalitarul epoqaSi nonkonformistuli mwerlobis enobrivi da formismieri Ziebebi~. am Tvalsaz-risiT, igi gamoyofs oTar CxeiZes: `mis mier Seqmnili àxali ena” daufaravi Setevaa ara mxolod literaturaSi dakanon-ebul enobriv normativebze, aramed mTlianad gabatonebuli reJimis verbalur tabuebzec, romlebic mogvianebiT ramden-ime mimarTulebiT ganitota da axali azrovnebis wesis Tval-saCino anareklad iqca. darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tanamedrove qarTul prozaSi literaturuli enis, rogorc koncefciis, pozitivisturi da materialisturi balastisa-gan gaTavisuflebis procesi uSualod oTar CxeiZis saxels ukavSirdeba~.

avtori aanalizebs oTar WilaZis `rkinis Teatris~ `se-mantikuri sivrceebis~ mxatvrul mizandasaxulebas da Tomas manis `jadosnuri mTis~ analogiuri mxatvruli koncefciis moxmobiT qmnis Rrmaazrovan da mniSvnelovan safuZvels qarTuli literaturis msoflio kulturis konteqstSi gan-saxilvelad. misi dakvirvebiT, `rkinis jebirebis warmosax-viTi gafarToeba realurad Tvaluwvdenel totalitarul sivrceze gagviyvans, romelSic drois istoriul-kalendar-uli aTvla warmoebs. mivuaxlovdiT baxtinis mier formuli-rebul rablezianul qronotops, Tumca, zogjer gansxvaveb-uli intenciuri maxvilebiT. WilaZisa da gegeSiZis ramdenime romanSi moqmedeba ori drois gzagasayarze iSleba, romelTa Soris zRvari galaktionma zustad gaavlo _ `wiwamurSi rom mokles ilia, maSin epoqa gaTavda didi~. es aris groteskul-realuri `mSobiare drois~ saxesxvaoba `dausrulebeli meta-morfozis, sikvdilisa da dabadebis, zrdisa da Camoyalibebis stadiaSi... misi ganuyreli Tvisebaa ambivalenturoba, romel-Sic garkveuli formiT warmodgenilia (an miniSnebuli) saxecv-lilebis orive polusi _ Zvelica da axalic, momakvdavica da Sobadic, `sawyisica da sasrulic~ (baxtini).

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zaza gogia zusti da maxvilgonivruli aqcentebiT yura-dRebas amaxvilebs imaze, Tu rogor warmoCnda qarTul mw-erlobaSi `kulturis kvlavwarmoebisa da ganaxlebis imu-niteti~. magaliTad mohyavs goderZi Coxelis alegoriul gamonaTqvami ̀ adaminTa sevdidan~: ̀ me minaxavs, rogor yvaoden iebi miwidan amoyrili kacis Zvlebze~, romelic sikvdil-sicocxlis Tanayofnis gamZafrebul, magram mainc bunebriv SegrZnebas badebs~. misi azriT, òTar WilaZis `binaruli dekonstruqcia~ arRvevs yofierebis eTikisa da esTetikis sazRvrebs. `rkinis Tetric~ epoqis paTologiuri òrsulo-bis~, ganxiblvisa da sikvdil-sicocxlis ganwvalebis tragi-kuli dramaa, `roca RmerTs araferi akavSirebs misi imedis amara darCenil adamianTan~.

rubrikaSi `didi qariSxlis win~ SesaniSnavi analizia meoce saukunis oTxmociani wlebis qarTuli prozis ZiriTa-di tendenciebisa. ganmazogadebel SesavalSi aRniSnulia, rom es periodi àr yofila erTgvarovani. rogorc yovelTvis, yvela susti nawarmoebi erTmaneTsa hgavda, kargi ki gansx-vavdeboda. mwerlobis konturebsac is mkafio individualebi sazRvravdnen, romelTa erTsulovanma swrafvam miznisaken saboloo wertili dausva sabWoeTis kulturul diqtats~.

swored am gamorCeul mweralTa portretebs xatavs av-tori feradovani StrixebiT. igi gamoyofs im ZiriTad maxa-siaTeblebs, romelTac gansazRvres maTi individualuri stili. es mwerlebi arian: oTar WilaZe, oTar CxeiZe, arCil sulakauri, Tamaz bibiluri, guram gegeSiZe, goderZi Coxeli, jemal qarCxaZe, gia lomaZe, maka joxaZe, naira gelaSvili, mika aleqsiZe, jemal TofuriZe, Tengiz Calauri, revaz inan-iSvili, merab abaSiZe, kote jandieri. yovel portretSi ar-sebiTadaa warmoCenili is ZiriTadi da mniSvnelovani Strix-ebi, romlebic yovel calkeul mwerals axasiaTebda. es aris maTi Semoqmedebis zusti da lakonuri Sefasebebi, romlebic Zalian mniSvnelovania qarTuli literaturis zogadi sura-Tis warmosadgenad da sakvlevad.

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calke werilebSia warmoCenili lia sturuas, guram doCa-naSvilis, jansuR Carkvianis da sxvaTa Semoqmedebis analizi.

yuradRebas iqcevs ara mxolod mxatvruli literaturis, aramed literaturuli kritikis meTodologiebsa da kon-cefciebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba. am TvalsazrisiT, qar-Tuli literaturuli kritikis raobis gasaazreblad mniS-vnelovania zaza gogia dakvirvebebi guram asaTianis, otia paWkorias, akaki baqraZis kritikul naazrevze. mravalTa Soris Zalian sainteresoa avtoris erTi aseTi dakvirvebac: `Tanamedrove esseistikam gaiTvaliswina ra warsulis marcxi da gamocdileba, erTi metad saWiro Tviseba, Tavdacvis in-stinqti, gamoimuSava. am Tvisebis fonze dRevandel esseis-tur azrovnebaSi ori gansxvavebuli taqtika gamoikveTa: erTi, romelic Temis socialur simZafres artistuli paTe-tikiT an romelime sxva mJReri kontrapunqtiT niRbavs da me-ore, romelic gaxsnil, gaSifrul kompoziciur metyvelebas qveteqstur, orazrovan, alegoriis an naxevartonebis enas am-jobinebs. erTis medroSed guram asaTiani mesaxeba, meoris _ akaki baqraZe, am ori taqtikis makavSireblad _ otia paWkoria~.

TviTon zaza gogias portretuli Strixebi ki gamoikveTe-ba Jurnal `qomagis~ saanketo kiTxvebze gacemul pasuxebSi, romlebSic warmoCndeba misi Sexedulebebi maradaqtualur Temaze: `xelovani, dro, xelisufleba~. igi ar iziarebs im azrs, rom àTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi qarTul xelovnebas sruli stagnaciis periodi hqonda~, am araswor Sexedulebas abaTilebs vrceli argumentirebuli msjelobiT da aRniS-navs: `meoce saukunis ormocdaaTiani wlebis miwurulidan sabolood gamoikveTa drois kultsa da xelovans Soris ganx-eTqilebis meqanizmi: axali Taobis mwerlebidan guram rCeu-liSvili da arCil sulakauri axeven TavianT gmirebs fsev-doepoqaluri paTosiT aRbeWdil gaqvavebul niRbebs; nodar dumbaZisa da rezo inaniSvilis SemoqmedebaSi Tavs gvaxsen-ebs adamianuri adamianis miviwyebuli problemac; oTar Cx-eiZe Cvenive istoriul sazrisSi kritikuli CaRrmavebisaken mogviwodebs; Tamaz WilaZis gmirTa Jestebi da mimika ceremo-

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nialurobisa da crumoralis Zlevis wyurviliTaa ganmsWva-luli. tariel Wanturias, besik xaranaulis, vaxtang javaxaZis SemoqmedebaSi ironiul-parodiuli stiqiisa da Tavisufali leqsis TandaTanobiT momZlavrebas ara mxolod poeziaSi, cxovrebaSi danergili azrovnebis wesisagan gammijnavi niS-nebi gansazRvravs~.

sagulisxmoa misi gamoxmaurebebi vaxtang javaxaZis ùc-nobsa~ da manana xelaias èseebze~. maTSi ara mxolod warmo-Cenilia am wignebis Rirsebebi, aramed gamoTqmulia sagulisx-mo SeniSvnebi, romlebic avtoris niWze, farTo erudiciaze, obieqturobaze, Sinagan keTilSobilebasa da im bevr sxva Tvisebaze metyveleben, rac aucilebeli literaturis mkv-levrebisaTvis. magaliTad, igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs galak-tionis erT Canaxatze, romelSic ticianis Tavi giacintis yvavilSia Caxatuli warweriT `giacinto~. sxvas SeiZleba amisTvis mniSvneloba ar moeniWebina, zaza gogia ki am Canaxa-tis originalur interpretacias gvTavazobs: ès grafikuli kompozicia, vfiqrob, gacilebiT vrceli msoflmxedvelo-brivi perspeqtivis momcvelia, vidre erTi SexedviT Cans... qalaq amiklaSi (saidanac giacinti iyo warmoSobiT) giacin-tis kulti swored apolonis kultma gamoaZeva, Sesabamisad, giacintis dResaswaulic apolonis dResaswaulad iqca. xom ar niSnavs galaktionis mier ticianis giacintis yvavilSi Cax-atva sakuTari upiratesobis aRiarebas Tavis `naxevarZmaze~?! Tuki asea, maSin aRniSnuli suraTi sakmaod martiv grafikul sqemamde dadis: ticiani _ giacinti, galaktioni _ apoloni. yovel SemTxvevaSi, igi Zliera hgavs azrovnebis galaktioni-seul stils da poets ̀ Zalic Seswevda qadilsa~. sxva logikiT, galaktions SeeZlo nebismieri yvavilis daxatva, Tundac mixakis, radgan cisferyanwuli poeziis grantis sayvareli yvavili swored mixaki iyo, romelic mudam saRileSi hqonda damagrebuli~.

yuradRebas iqcevs erTi originaluri gamoxmaurebac le-van bregaZis Sedgenil Jargonis leqsikonze. JargoniT daw-eril am teqstSi _ `Savi~ biWis xmamaRali fiqrebi~ _ kargad

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warmoCndeba zaza gogias stiluri silaRe, iumoris grZnoba, mwerluri niWi. es ̀ Savi biWi~, romlis niRabsac irgebs avtori, mkiTxvelis STabeWdilebaSi dasamaxsovrebel koloritul personaJad rCeba.

èrTi Taobis sami Tbilisi~ _ es saTauri aerTianebs gigi sulakauris, zaal da zurab samadaSvilis portretebs. maTSi SesaniSnavad warmoCndeba rogor, ra mxatvruli xerxebiTa da ostatobiT moixelTeben Semoqmedni warmaval dros da mara-diuli dro-sivrcis kuTvnilebad aqceven.

zaza gogia Tanamedrove literaturul procesebsac ise-Tive siRrmiseulad akvirdeboda da aanalizebda, rogorc gasuli saukuneebisas. amas mowmobs Tanamedrove Semoqmede-bisadmi miZRvnili werilebi (laSa buRaZe, rati amaRlobeli, Tako Carkviani, qeTevan Sengelia da sxv.) rac mTavaria, wigns msWvalavs didi siyvaruli im saqmisa, romelsac mTeli arse-biT emsaxureboda. is iyo kaci, romelsac `literatura Zlier uyvarda~, misiT sunTqavda da sazrdoobda.

am patara werilSi mxolod Strixebi warmovaCineT am mS-venieri wignisa, romelic zaza gogias sulieri biografiis nawilia. igi amxels mis daxvewil literaturul alRosa da gemovnebas. wigni mniSvnelovani SenaZenia Tanamedrove lit-mcodneobiTi mecnierebisaTvis. erTaderTi sawuxari isaa, rom avtori ver moeswro mis gamocemas, magram zaza gogia am wignSi gaagrZelebs sicocxles da yovel mkiTxvels, romelic mas xelSi aiRebs, Taviseburi dinji, sandomiani da brZnuli saubriT literaturis Tvbrudamxvev da mimzidvel labirin-TebSi xetialsa da gzis gakvalvaSi daexmareba.

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m r g v a l i m a g i d a *

`qarTuli literatura da 1924 wlis ajanyeba. istoriis gamocdileba~

manana kvaWantiraZe: Cven dRes aRvniSnavT 1924 wlis istoriuli ajanyebis 90 wlisTavs. am TariRs mivuZRveniT mrgvali magida. es yvelaferi keTdeba im sagranto proeq-tis bazaze, romlis xelmZRvanelic gaxlavT qalbatoni maka elbaqiZe da romelic gulisxmobs im jerac ucnobi saarqivo masalebis Seswavlas, yovel SemTxvevaSi, nawilobriv ucno-bis, romelic daculia Sinagan saqmeTa saministros arqivSi. rogorc mogexsenebaT, ramdenime Tvis win ukve moewyo am grantis prezentacia mweralTa saxlSi. axla Cven aRvniSnavT saiubileo TariRs. ra Tqma unda, es ajanyeba gvainteresebs mwerlobasTan mimarTebaSi, `mrgval magidasac~ ase hqvia: `qarTuli literatura da 1924 wlis ajanyeba. istoriis gamocdileba~. monawileebs vTxovT, dialogis reJimSi isa-ubron, aucileblad vupasuxebT yvela kiTxvas, romelic wam-oiWreba, Tavdapirvelad ki mosmeniT daviwyoT.

neba momeciT, Cveni `mrgvali magida~ gaxsnilad gamova-cxado da pirveli sityva gadavce maia jaliaSvils.

maia jaliaSvili: masala, romelsac arqivSi vecnobiT marTlac Zalian sainteresoa. miuxedavad imisa, rom bevri ram wagvikiTxavs, gagikvirdeba kidec adamians, 1921 wlis Zalado-brivo gasabWoebis Semdeg rogor SeinarCuna qarTvelma xalx-ma aseTi winaaRmdegobis Zala, rogor bedavda ubralo xalxi xelisuflebas saprotesto gamosvlebiT, saidumlo jgufe-

*1924 wlis ajanyebis 90 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili mrgvali magida Catarda SoTa rusTavelis qarTUuli literaturis institutSi 2014 15 oqtombers.

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bis SeqmniT da mravali sxva msgavsi aqciiT dapirispireboda. am saqmeebSi sxvadasxva masalebia, dRes gagacnobT ramdenimes, Cem mier amokrebils.

rogorc mogexsenebaT, 1922 wels vaJa-fSavelas vaJi, levan razikaSvili miemxro qaquca ColoyaSvils da daxmare-bas uwevda mas. levani daapatimres, mogvianebiT daxvrites. sayovelTaod cnobili ambavia, ramdenime mwerali rom mivida orjonikiZesTan, uTxres, didi mwerlis, vaJa-fSavelas Svi-lia, man ki upasuxa, vaJa rom yofiliyo, imasac davxvretdio. erT-erT saqmeSi aris saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris Tav-mjdomaris, kote mayaSvilis gancxadeba sagangebo komisiis saxelze: ̀ cnobili qarTveli poetis, vaJa-fSavelas Svili, le-van razikaSvili oTxi Tvea, rac zis Tbilisis #2 gamasworebel saxlSi. vaJa-fSavelas darCa ojaxi, Semdgari xuTi sulisagn, agreTve levan razikaSvilis ojaxic Sedgeba sami sulisagan da mTel ojaxze mzrunveloba awevs mas. sruliad saqarT-velos mweralTa kavSiris sabWo imedovnebs, rom saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis kolegia miiRebs mxedvelobaSi yovelive zemo aRniSnuls, pativs scems saqarTvelos siamaye poet vaJa-fSavelas xsovnas, daaCqarebs ra levan razikaSvilis saqmis garCevas da gaaTavisuflebs mas sapatimrodan.~ saqmeSi aris sxva dokumentebic. ra Tqma unda, es saqme ganxiluli iqna, magram is ar gauTavisuflebiaT, levan razikaSvili daxvr-ites. Zalian sainteresoa konstantine afxazis saqme, romel-Sic aris Cvenebebi mixeil javaxiSvilis dakiTxvis oqmidanac. TviTon konstantine afxazis Cvenebidan aseTi amonaweria: `nacional-demokratiuli partiis centralur komitetSi Sevedi 1922 wlis ivlisSi. maSin am komitetSi Sediodnen ia-son javaxiSvili, mixeil javaxiSvili, me _ konstantine afx-azi, winamZRvriSvli, kecxoveli. daaxloebiT dekembris TveSi komitetis sxdomaze ganixileboda sakiTxi masis mzadyofnaze gamosvlebisaTvis da aqtiuri gamosvlebis saWiroebaze. am sakiTxSi sxdoma or nawilad gaiyo. pirveli winaaRmdegi iyo aqtiuri gamosvlebisa, meore moiTxovda amas. pirvel jguf-Si, aqtiur gamosvlas rom uaryofdnen, iyvnen mixeil da iason

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javaxiSvilebi~. CvenTvis am SemTxvevaSi sainteresoa mixeil javaxiSvili, romelic winaaRmdegi yofila am ajanyebisa. rogorc viciT, grigol robaqiZec winaaRmdegi iyo, oRond is ar Sedioda paritetul komitetSi. `danarCenebi ar maxsovs. me meore jgufs vemxrobodi. vin iyo kidev am jgufSi, ar max-sovs. umravlesobis gadawyvetilebiT, aqtiuri gamosvlebi uaryofili iqna, es ambavi iason javaxiSvils unda gadaeca paritetuli komitetisaTvis. seqtemberSi daviT vaCnaZem, rogorc Zlierma momxrem aqtiuri gamosvlebisa, werili mis-wera kaxeTSi Coloyaevs. werilis Sinaarsi CemTvis cnobili ar aris. amis Sesaxeb miTxra iason javaxiSvilma. mas ar mos-wonda, rom iason javaxiSvilma es werili TviTneburad mis-wera.~ Semdeg aq aris kolegiis gafarToebuli sxdomis oqmi, romelsac eswreba ramdenime adamiani da maT Soris, eliava, oraxelaSvili da lominaZe. moxsenebis Temebi aseTia: anti-sabWoTa danaSauli _ kaxeTis samxedro organizaciis saqme; konstantine afxazis saqme. motanilia dadgenileba: àmxiles konstantine afxazi sabWoTa saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg SeT-qmulebis organizaciaSi, saqarTveloSi bandituri moZrao-bis SeqmnaSi, masSi monawileobaSi, muSur-glexuri saxelm-wifos RalatSi da daadgines, rom konstantine afxazi, 55 wlis, umaRlesi ganaTlebiT, Tavadi, generali, nacional-demokratiuli partiis centraluri komitetis Tavmjdo-mare, xelmZRvanelobda sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg ajanyebis momzadebas. kenWis yrisas, Tavisive aRiarebiT, miemxro dauyovnebliv SeiaraRebul ajanyebas. ganaCeni _ daixvritos, aRsrulebul iqnas 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi~. amave saqmeSi aris amonaweri mixeil javaxiSvilis Cvenebi-dan, romelic Seexeba imas, Tu rogor SeTanxmda paritetul komitetSi Semavali xuTi partia. minawerSi aRniSnulia, rom rogorc dakiTxuli ambobs, mas bevri ram daaviwyda, magram Semdegi mainc gamoikveTao da motanilia Cveneba: `partiul komitetSi Sedis erTi warmomadgeneli yoveli partiidan: nacional-demokratebi, menSevikebi, social-federalistebi, sxivistebi (Jurnal `sxivis~ jgufi), socialist-revolucio-

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nerebi, igive eserebi. yvela sakiTxi wydeba SeTanxmebiT, yve-la partias ekrZaleba damoukidebeli gamosvla, paritetuli komiteti aTanxmebs maT moqmedebebs. sazRvargareT myofi yofili mTavroba iRebs direqtivebs paritetuli komitetis-gan da saerTod yovel nabijs aTanxmebs. paritetul komitets aqvs gansakuTrebuli makontroleblis roli yofil mTav-robaSi. ucxoeTidan Semosuli Tanxebi ixarjeba saerTo miznebisaTvis. Tu bolSevikebi gavlen saqarTvelodan (da-kiTxvis oqmebi mowmobs, rom imedi hqondaT, gavidodnen), xe-lisufleba unda gadascemoda paritetul komitets, Camovi-doda yofili mTavroba, romelic gardaiqmneboda imgvarad, rom arcerT partias ar hyoloda erT mesamedze meti da yvela partia miiRebda monawileobas. `maSinve Seikribeba da mfuZnebeli kreba da araugvianes eqvsi Tvisa, dainiSneba axa-li arCevnebi.~ am pirobebis ganxilvaSi monawileobdnen kedia, asaTiani cixidan, me _ javaxiSvili, winamZRvriSvili da mera-biSvili. sakiTxi gadawyda xangrZlivi yoymanisa da debatebis Semdeg~. amonaweri 1923 wlis 7 martis oqmidan: `kidev erTxel kategoriulad vacxadeb, rom `Cemosagan~ Cven aranairi fuli ar migviRia. me mindoda rom momewyo afxazi samsaxurSi `Ce-moSi~. mxolod adamianis daxmareba mindoda, meti araferi.~ aqvea amonaweri aleqsandre andronikovis dakiTxvis oqmidan, romelSic moxseniebulia javaxiSvili: àr maxsovs zustad, javaxiSvili Semxvda gzaSi skolisken mimavals da miTxra, rom mas daavala partiulma centrma CemTvis gadmoeca, rom yvela partia gaerTianda da gaerTianebul centrTan unda Seqmnan samxedro centri, sadac amirCies me, musxelovi, gedevanovi da ioseliani. amaT garda, me unda gadamewyvita, Semeyvana Tu ara wulukiZe da afxazi~. imave, general aleqsandre simonis Ze andronikovis Cvenebidan, 1923 weli, 9 marti: `politikuri centri, igive paritetuli komiteti, igive damoukideblo-bis komiteti sabolood Camoyalibda 1922 wlis seqtemberSi. Cveni informaciiT, paritetuli komitetis Tavmjdomarea nikoloz qarcivaZe, menSevikebis dros yofili sagareo saqme-Ta ministri. es moxda narikelaZis binaSi da eswrebodnen: me,

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qarcivaZe, kote afxazi, varden wulukiZe, iason javaxiSvili, narikelaZe. eswreboda kidev menSeviki, romlis gvaric ar maxsovs. menSevikuri partiidan iyvnen qarcivaZe, nacional-demokratebi _ kote afxazi da iason javaxiSvili da Cven, wu-lukiZe, narikelaZe, rogorc samxedro specialistebi.~ kote afxazis Cvenebidan, 31 marti, 1923 weli: `nacional-demokra-tiuli partiis centraluri komitetis Semadgenloba damt-kicda 1922 wlis Sua oqtomberSi, dimitri javaxovis saxlSi. komiteti damtkicda Semdegi SemadgenlobiT: afxazi, mixeil javaxovi, dimitri javaxovi, iason javaxovi, iSxneli mixeil, danelia, kecxoveli nikoloz da winamZRvriSvili. am komite-tis Tavmjdomared me amirCies. Sekrebas eswreboda yvela, danelias da winamZRvriSvilis garda. samxedro centrSi, Cem garda, Sediodnen wulukiZe, andronikovi, sxvebi ar vici. ar vici adgilebze hqonda Tu ara am organizacias organizacie-bi, ar vici, nacional-demokratiuli partiis centraluri komiteti fuls ugzavnida Tu ara Coloyaevs an mis daxmare-bas eweoda Tu ara.~

sxva fondSi aris daculi mweral daviT qarcivaZis saqme, romelic aqveynebda `meConguris~ fsevdonimiT. is daapa-timres jer kidev 1906 wels da 1910 wlamde iyo katorRaSi, 1917 wels cimbirSi gadaasaxles, imave wels amnistia Seexo da Camovida TbilisSi. dapatimrebamde muSaobda kooperatiul bankSi. saqmeSi misi dakiTxvis oqmebia.

kiTxva: raSi mdgomareobs Tqveni moRvaweoba literatu-rul asparezze?

pasuxi: me var poeti, vumReri proletariatis bedniere-basa da simwares. sagangebo gamocemebSi Cemi nawarmoebebi ar ibeWdeboda. me vwerdi socialisturi mimarTulebis Ju-ranlebisaTvis, sxvaTaSoris, qarTul JurnalSi `brZola~, romelic baqoSi gamodioda. vbeWdavdi leqsebs, fsevdonimiT `meCongure~. aqve davbeWde leqsi `kapitali~, ris gamoc Jur-nali daxures. cimbiridan me vwerdi JurnalebSi `zvezda~ da irkutskis `cimbiris fiqrebSi~, fsevdonimiT ùmcrosi~ da `kaliuCka~. 1917-1921 wlebSi TiTqmis yvela socialistur

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gamocemaSi vbeWdavdi imave fsevdonimebiT. 1921 wlidan be-Wdva Sevwyvite avadmyofobisa da kidev imis gamo rom Zveli nawerebis gamocema gadavwyvite.

kiTxva: Tqven redaqtireba gaukeTeT `metexSi~ saprotes-to teqsts kontrrevoluciuri JurnalisaTvis, romelic iyo mimarTuli 1922 wels menSevikebis gadasaxlebis winaaRmdeg.

pasuxi: SeiZleba asec iyo, magram ar maxsovs.kiTxva: ras werdiT menSevikur iatakqveSur gazeTSi 1921

wlis martidan?pasuxi: arafers ar vwerdi. imaze pasuxs ar vageb, Tu vinme

Cemi nebarTvis gareSe Cems nawarmoebebs beWdavda.kiTxva: roca muSaobdiT samoqalaqo samxedro saminis-

troSi, kulturis seqciaSi, ar gevalebodaT politikuri davalebebis Sesruleba?

pasuxi: Cem saqmianobaSi ar Sedioda raime amgvari davale-bis Sesruleba.

kiTxva: polkovnik tuloSvils ar icnobT?pasuxi: is iyo Staboficeri da me masTan saerTo araferi

mqonda.kiTxva: am samsaxurSi Tqveni saqmianoba ras gulisxmobda?pasuxi: xelmZRvaneli kulturul-saganmanaTleblo

ganyofilebisa iyo moqalaqe arTmelaZe, romelic uZRveboda mTel saqmianobas. me mxolod teqnikur davalebas vasruleb-di, gazeTebs viwerdi, finansur angariSebs vawarmoebdi. amas daadasturebs paladin baqraZe.

kiTxva: `metexis~ cixeSi Tqven eweodiT agitacias ofi-crebs Soris?

pasuxi: politikur Temaze arc ki davlaparakebivar, amas kategoriulad vacxadeb.

qarcivaZe daapatimres 1922 wlis 26 maiss, demonstraci-aze, da brali dasdes, rom cixeSi urTierToba hqonda isi-dore ramiSvilTan, dgebuaZesTan, kaxianTan, saxalxo gvard-iis Stabis wevrebTan, oficrebTan eweoda propagandistul saqmianobas da amzadebda maT gaTavisuflebis Semdgomi saqmi-anobisaTvis. man redaqtireba gaukeTa saprotesto teqsts,

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romelSic gamoxatuli iyo muSebis protesti menSevikTa ga-dasaxlebis gamo. is agitacias eweoda, rom sabWoTa xelisu-flebis saqme kargad ar midioda, rom poloneTSi qarTveli oficrebis organizacia Seiqmna. am saqmeSi aris daviT qar-civaZis dedis, elpide qarcivaZis Txovna kavkasiis sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomarisadmi. werilSi naTqvamia, rom misma Svilma politikuri saqmianoba didi xania miatova, axla cixis saavadmyofoSia da iTxovs, rom mis saqmes gadaxedon. aqvea mweralTa kavSiris Tavmjdomaris, kote mayaSvilis mimarTva sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomarisadmi, daTariRebulia 1923 wlis 21 maisiT: `saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiri gTxovT, gasceT gankarguleba, rom rac SeiZleba Cqara ganixilon Cve-ni kavSiris wevris daviT qarcivaZis saqme da gaaTavisuflon, radgan mis imedzea misi moxuci deda, romelic ukiduresad gaWirvebul yofaSia.~ dadgenilebaSi weria, rom `daviT qar-civaZe, romelic gaafTrebuli mowinaaRmdegea sabWoTa xe-lisuflebisa, gansasjelad gadaeces g.p.u.-s ori wliT, misi qoneba daeqvemdebaros konfiskacias, saqme Seikras da gad-aeces arqivs.~ amave saqmeSi aris TviTon daviT qarcivaZis gancxadeba, sruliad saqarTvelos Tbilisis ganyofilebis politpatimarTa da katorRelTa sazogadoebis wevris _ ase uwodebs sakuTar Tavs _ saqarTvelos centralur aRmas-rulebel komitetis da saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSirisadmi. orivesTan gaugzavnia. ̀ ama wlis 3 agvistos gamomicxades, rom gruzCekis dadgenilebiT gadasaxlebuli var saqarTvelodan g.p.u.-s gankargulebaSi ori wliT. rogorc momakvdavi adami-ani, romelic sikvdiliswina wuTebSi yvelafers gulaxdilad ambobs, mec minda gulwrfeli viyo da mogaxsenoT Semdegi: Cemi zakCekaSi yofnisas araerTxel viyavi dakiTxuli da ara-viTari konkretuli braldeba Cem winaarmdeg ar warmoudge-niaT, garda sityvierisa, TiTqos me veweodi sabWoTa xelisu-flebis winaaRmdeg propagandas gasul wels, metexis cixeSi jdomisas, saidanac ganTavisuflebuli viqeni 28 martidan, gadamricxes sabWoTa saqarTvelos Cekas gankargulebaSi da aravis erTxelac ar davukiTxivar da araviTari konkretuli

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braldeba ar wamouyenebiaT, ise msjian. darwmunebuli var, rom sabWoTa xelisufleba dgas samarTlianobis principze, Cem Sesaxeb viRac garewris borot, yalb enas SecdomaSi Se-hyavs sabWoTa xelisufleba. me maqvs zneobrivi ufleba gTxo-voT, rom utyuari sabuTebiT, faqtebiT damtkicebuli iqnas marTla Cavidine sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg raime da-naSauli Tu ara. dabejiTebiT vaRiareb, rom araferi amis ms-gavsi. maS, raSia saqme? nuTu danaSaulad meTvleba is, rom me, yofili social-demokrati, 1905 wlis revoluciaSi aqtiuri monawileobisaTvis jalaTma mefe nikolozma Cemi cxovrebis saukeTeso xana, 12 weli katorRa-cimbirSi gamatarebina? me social-demokrati viyavi ukanasknel xanebSi, saqarTvelos gasabWoebamde, partiis pasiuri, ubralo wevri, ufro opozi-cioneri. gasabWoebis Semdeg ki sruliad upartio da yovelg-var partiul muSaobas CamoSorebuli. imTavidanve Cemi pira-di samsaxuriT, jamagiriT virCendi Tavs da varCendi moxuc, avadmyof dedas da samsaxuri iyo Cemi qoneba, simdidre. vis SeSurda Cemi an CemSi raime, samsaxureobrivi bina da Tavisu-flad yofna, ar vici. dRidan saqarTvelos gasabWoebisa, vm-saxurobdi Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatSi, sasursaTo komisariatSi, bolos kooperatiul bankSi, baron bibineiSvi-lis rekomendaciiT da TavdebobiT. anda, nuTu danaSaulad unda CameTvalos, rom patara xani SeZlebisdagvarad viRebdi monawileobas yvela socialistur gamocemaSi, meConguris fsevdonimiT. 1998 wlidan, erTma leqsma `kapitali~, romel-ic moTavsebuli iyo bolSevikur JurnalSi, baqoSi, imsxver-pla Jurnalica da redaqtoric, Zvelma mefis mTavrobam. amas damidastureben filipe maxaraZe da sandro euli. nuTu dana-Saulad unda CameTvalos, rom me yofil politikur kator-RelTa sazogadoebis wevri var, romlis sabWos SeuZlia daa-dasturos Cemi loialoba. SeiZleba gaisarjoT da SeekiTxoT amas lado dgebuaZes, baron bibineiSvils, aleqsandre erqo-maiSvils, araqel oquevs, sxva politikurad saimedo pirebs. me, qronikulad daavadebuls, cimbirma SemZina iSiazi da qarebi, romelsac Tbili adgili, specialuri eqimoba Wirde-

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ba, magzavnian civ, suxian mxareSi da Tu davbrundi, msgavsad cimbiridan dabrunebisa, cocxali mamis magier misi civi sa-mare rom damxvda, axla mravaltanjuli dedis samare vipovo da ukanasknelad Cemi xeliT ver davuxuWo Tvalebi. awmyoSi uvnebloba da warsulSi Cemi patara revoluciuri muSaoba sabWoTa xelisuflebisagan sxvanair mopyrobas moeloda. uzrunvelad, wynarad, damSvidebiT cxovrebas, avadmyofi, daRlili adamiani, kulturuli muSaobis nebas da ara dasja-wameba-gadasaxlebas. mTeli Cemi arseba aRSfoTebulia aseTi daumsaxurebeli sasjeliT. me Rrmada var darwmunebuli, rom sabWoTa xelisufleba Cemdami aseT uneblie Secdomas ar Caidens da Tu me vtyui, Tu marTla kontrrevolucioneri var, mavnebeli muSa klasis, proletariatis, sabWoTa xelisu-flebisaTvis, rasac unda amtkicebdes utyari sabuTebi.~ daviT qarcivaZes es werili 1923 wlis 5 agvistos ukve gamas-worebeli saxlis saavadmyofodan gamougzavnia.

saqmeebSi aRmoCnda amonaweri noe Jordanias sityvidan, romelic saubrobs qarTuli kulturis evropul orientaci-aze. aris uamravi propagandistuli Sinaarsis leqsi. saqmeeb-Si am leqsebis arseboba imas mowmobs, rom esec iyo erT-erTi samxili im adamianebis mimarT, rom isini ganwyobilni iyvnen sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg. am leqsebs TiTqmis ara-viTari mxatvruli Rirebuleba ar gaaCniaT, magram rogorc ukve aRvniSne, isini saprotesto ganwyobilebas gamoxataven.

kidev erTi saqme minda gagacnoT. 1922 wels, 22 wlis asakSi daapatimres kalistrate salia. Semonaxulia misi dakiTxvis oqmi. saqmeSi miTiTebulia, rom is aris social-demokrati, 1915 wlidan menSeviki, mixailovskis gimnaziis kursdamTavre-buli, profesiiT ekonomisti, buRalteri. am droisaTvis ki iyo Tbilisis universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis ganyo-filebis me-4 semestris studenti. gancxadeba aseTi Sinaar-sisaa: `me var dapatimrebuli 12 maiss, Cems binaSi, mizezebi ki CemTvis dRemdis gamourkvevelia, vinaidan me araviTari kavSiri ar maqvs arcerT partiasTan 1920 wlis dasawyisidan.. 1920 wlamde ar vyofilvar aqtiuri monawile partiuli mu-

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Saobisa, aramed viyavi mxolod ubralo xmis mimcemi social-demokratiuli partiisa, radganac imTaviTve naklebad viyavi dainteresebuli partiuli muSaobiT an politikiT. ar vyo-filvar arc organizatori, arc agitatori an propagandisti, rasac damidastureben pasuxismgebeli amxanagebi zugdidi-dan, saidanac me var. mivatove savsebiT partia 1920 wlis da-sawyisSive, Sevedi qarTul universitetSi da daviwye akade-miuri mecadineoba. am wlis ganmavlobaSi Cabarebuli maqvs Svidi sagani. es im dros, rodesac, ukiduresi siRaribis gamo, iZulebuli viyavi memsaxura. iqac ganvagrZobdi energiul muSaobas. auracxeli saqmeebis gamo, vmuSaobdi Ramis 4-5 saaTamde. amis Sesaxeb gTxovT SeekiTxoT qalaqis eleqtro-sadguris adgilobriv komitets, romelic zemoT moyvanils savsebiT daadasturebs. arcerT partias ar mivemxrobi, sanam ar Seiqmneba mTliani muSaTa fronti. manamde ki ganvagrZob akademiur mecadineobas da saerTo ganviTarebas. radgan me susti agebulebisa var, ara var janmrTeli, kidev erTi Tve cixeSi darCena saukunod gamomasalmebs wuTisofels. amitom gTxovT, SexvideT Cems mdgomareobaSi da vinaidan sruliad udanaSaulod var daWerili, moaxdinoT gamoZieba da gamaT-avisufloT.~ kalistrate salia marTlac gaaTavisufles ramdenime TveSi. rogorc cnobilia, igi saswavleblad gaemg-zavra germaniaSi, darCa iq, mogvianebiT ki gadavida parizSi da sicocxlis bolomde safrangeTSi cxovrobda. gagacnobT amonawers misi dakiTxvis oqmidan.

kiTxva: rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba sabWoTa Za-lauflebasTan, cnobT Tu ara sabWoTa sistemas, rogorc mSromeli xalxis interesebis gamomxatvels? uTanagrZnobT Tu ewinaaRmdegebiT sabWoTa xelisuflebas?

pasuxi: Cemi damokidebuleba sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan loialuria. sabWoTa sistema misaRebad mimaCnia, sabWoTa xe-lisuflebas vemorCilebi, rogorc faqtiurad arsebul mTav-robas, ar vewinaaRmdegebi. rwmeniT me var marqsisti da mwams gaerTianebuli muSaTa frontis idea.

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kiTxva: rogor uyurebT menSevikuri partiis centralu-ri komitetis axlandel taqtikas, romelic gamoixateba ara-legalur muSaobaSi da mimarTulia muSaTa da glexTa mTav-robis winaaRmdeg?

pasuxi: axlandeli taqtika me ar momwons, vinaidan is ewinaaRmdegeba mTliani frontis Seqmnas da arRvevs muSaTa klass. me uars vambob aseT organizaciaSi muSaobaze, miTum-etes, socialistur qveyanaSi.

kiTxva: ras daamatebT Cvenebaze?pasuxi: partiaSi ar vmuSaob 1920 wlidan, vinaidan vmec-

adineob akademiurad, rwmeniT marqsisti var, demonstracie-bisa da sxvagvari gamosvlebis mowinaaRmdege.

zogadad, SesamCnevia, rom ubralo adamianebi _ ma-Sin kalistrate saliac aseTi iyo, mere gaxda mniSvnelovani pirovneba _ ufro Tamamebi arian, vidre asakovnebi an Tana-mdebobis pirebi. axalgazrdebi saubroben Zalian Tamamad, rom isini winaaRmdegni arian wiTeli armiisa saqarTveloSi, rom aqtiurad gamodian saprotesto Sekrebebze, demonstra-ciebSi monawileobas dakiTxvebzec aRiareben... Jurnal `Cven mwerlobaSi~ daibeWda Cemi statia `qaquca ColoyaSvili _ saidumlo agenti~, sadac swored am rigiTi qarTveli patri-otebis Sesaxebaaa saubari. erTgvari deteqtiuri siuJetia, qaqucas razmSi aris axalgazrda mRvdeli, romelsac mogvi-anebiT amxelen, rom namdvili mRvdeli ki araa, sakuTari kon-trrevoluciuri saqmianobis SesaniRbad ekurTxa mRvdlad. imave JurnalSi dabeWdil meore statiaSi, romelsac `bral-ad edeba samSoblos siyvaruli davarqvi~, motanili maqvs Zalian bevri adamianis, ZiriTadad axalgazrdebis Cvenebebi, romlebic 1921 wels daRupulebis panaSvids ixdian ekle-siaSi, gamodian demonstraciebze da afrialeben ara mxolod saqarTvelos droSebs, aramed Sav bairaRebs, aprotesteben eklesiebis sawyobebad gadakeTebas. am moRvaweobis gamo apatimreben.

ai, kidev erTi, giorgi cagarelis saqme. am adamianis Sesa-xeb internetiT maincadamainc bevri informacia ver movipove.

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aRmoCnda, rom is iyo kinoscenaristi 1932 wels gadaRebuli filmisa `xasani~ da 1934 wels gadaRebuli suraTisa `naxvam-dis~, albaT, CemTvis ucnobi kidev sxva filmebisac. amdenad, SegviZlia ganvixiloT rogorc mwerali. cagareli daapa-timres ara imitom, rom am periodSi aqtiurad monawileob-da sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg gamosvlebSi, aramed imitom, rom TiTqosda axalgazrdobaSi, kievSi swavlisas, iyo caristuli xelisuflebis agenti. adamianebs swamebdnen cils, viTom uCxrekdnen Zvel saqmeebs, gansakuTrebiT xe-lovanebs, kulturis muSakebs. oci da meti wliT adrindel saqmeebs uTiTxnidnen, rom dasapatimreblad sababi epovaT.

m. kvaWantiraZe: maia, Sen gagvacani uzarmazari faqto-brivi masala, mxolod biografiuli detalebia dasazuste-beli da SeiZleba iTqvas, es masalebi mzadaa. magram Cemi azriT, kidev ufro mniSvnelovani etapia am faqtebis safuZvelze daskvnebis, analizis momzadeba, ra tendenciebi ikveTeba. ramdenime Sen ukve axsene, ubralo xalxi ufro Tamamiao, Sem-deg Tqvi TviTon saxelisuflebo tendenciaze: yvela adami-ans, vinc met-naklebad CarTulia kulturul saqmianobaSi, cdiloben, upovon kompromati. kidev ra SeiZleba gamovyoT?

m. jaliaSvili: Cemi azriT, mTavari tendencia aris si-sastike. sul ubralo braldebis mixedviT, Zalian iolad gamoaqvT ganaCeni _ ̀ saqme gansaxilvelad gadaeces sagangebo komisias~. sagangebo komisiisTvis gadacema rasac niSnavda, es e.w. `g.p.u.~ ras uSveboda adamianebs, kargad vxedavT, Tundac, grigol robaqiZis `Caklul sulSi~. arqivis masalebSi wameba ar Cans, ra Tqma unda, magram dakiTxvis oqmebSi mainc igrZnoba sisastikis kvali da is, rom Zalian iolad usjian adamianebs, gadasaxleba iqneba es Tu daxvreta, didxans ar grZeldeba gamoZiebis procesi.

m. kvaWantiraZe: ra reagireba mohyveboda-xolme sa-zogadoebis moTxovnas, ai, vTqvaT iseTs, weRan rom axsene, mw-eralTa kavSiris mimarTva.

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m. jaliaSvili: aseTi mimarTva sul orjer Semxvda, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, levan razikaSvilis da daviT qar-civaZis saqmeebze. moTxovna aris mxolod is, rom saqmeebi droze ganixilon. pasuxebi da reagireba sazogadoebis am mi-marTvebze ar Cans, me ar Semxvedria, yovel SemTxvevaSi.

m. kvaWantiraZe: savaraudod, arc iyo reagireba.

m. jaliaSvili: Cven samecniero literaturaSi am mov-lenebis analizi raRac doziT ukve aris, pirvel rigSi, akaki baqraZis werilebs vgulisxmob, gansakuTrebiT `gadarCenas~. iq aris aqcentebi, mwerlebi rogor inarCuneben sulier simt-kices, magram aris gaorebuli cxovrebis magaliTebic, rac kargad aqvs gamokveTili baqraZes. xSirad es gaoreba oqmebSic Cans. magaliTad, amboben, rom vemxrobi sabWoTa xelisufle-bas, an _ ganwyobili var loialurad. esec Tavis gadasarCe-nad xdeba.

m. kvaWantiraZe: sul mainteresebs, xom faqtia, rom akaki baqraZe am masalas ar flobda...

m. jaliaSvili: ar flobda, magram rac icoda, im mcired-iTac Zalian karg analizs akeTebda.

m. kvaWantiraZe: Hhoda, Cvenc nakleb analizs nu gava-keTebT, es kvleva Tu daskvnebi, rac batonma akakim dado, wav-iyvanoT win, kidev erTi nabiji gadavdgaT. mxolod ase eqneba mniSvneloba am sagranto proeqtze muSaobas, raRac kidev ax-ali unda gairkves, axali tendenciebi gamomJRavndes, meti si-naTle da gaazrebuloba SevitanoT im problemaSi, 1924 wlis ajanyeba rom hqvia da qarTveli xalxis mimarTebSi misadmi. cxadia, amxela winaaRmdegoba cariel niadagze ar xdeba, xom warmogvidgenia ramxela Zalisxmevaa, ramxela gulistkivilia kulisebs miRma, SevecadoT davinaxoT is movlenebi, rac wina planze ar Cans, radgan win wamoweulia ufro ormagi rameebi,

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nawilobrivi aRiarebebi, rac, ra Tqma unda, Tavis gadarCeniT iyo nakarnaxevi. Cven, rogorc literatorebi, veZebT kidev ufro miRmur istorias, vidre istorikosebi. faqtebs iqiT unda davinaxoT, unda amovikiTxoT adamianebis imdroindeli sulieri mdgomareoba. am SemTxvevaSi eqneba muSaobas azri. TiToeuli Tqvenganis daskvnebi raRacnairad Sejerdeba, gamTliandeba, erTian saxes miiRebs.

m. niniZe: sxvebisgan gansxvavebuli rac SeiZleba gakeT-des, Cemi azriT, isaa, rom SesaZlebelia am oqmebisa da do-kumenturi masalis safuZvelze imis Cveneba, realurad ras akeTeben, rogor iqcevian es adamianebi, erTi an meore mxare da rogor aisaxeba es mxatvrul teqstebSi, ra suraTs viRebT literaturaSi.

m. kvaWantiraZe: anu, rogor mimdinareobs literatu-ruli procesi am movlenaTa fonze. ra daRi daasva, ra gavle-na iqonia istoriulma epoqam literaturaze _ mwerlebzec da maT nawarmoebebzec.

maka elbaqiZe: swored esaa mTavari, Torem mxolod faqtebi sxvebsac aqvT aRricxuli. proeqtis mizania daadgi-nos, ra gavlena moaxdina im epoqaSi ganviTarebulma movlen-ebma saliteraturo procesze.

m. kvaWantiraZe: kargi iqneba, im wlebis presasTan Se-dardes es yvelaferi, ra xdeboda `nkvd~-Si, ra gamodioda ga-reT, ra reagireba hqondaT amaze, is periodia, rodesac jer kidev arseboben Tavisufali Jurnal-gazeTebi, sadac SeiZle-ba es Candes.

m. jaliaSvili: akaki baqraZe wers, am periodSi Seqm-nilma literaturam qarTvel xalxs qveteqstebis kiTxva as-wavlao. rac daiwera, masSi pirdapir araferi asaxula, magram qveteqstebiT bevri ram aris naCvenebi, Tundac ̀ jayos xizneb-

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Si~, romelic swored 1924 wliT TariRdeba, qarTveli xalx-is winaaRmdegobac da damokidebulebac, xelisuflebis Tu represirebuli adamianebis mimarT. ormagi TamaSi marTlac aris. igive mixeil javaxiSvilic TamaSobs, rodesac zogierT publicistur werilSi sabWoTa xelisuflebaze laparakobs rogorc movlenaze, romelmac SeiZleba qarTuli kultura aaRorZinos.

m. kvaWantiraZe: ra Tqma unda, es werilebi ara-gulwrfelia...

m. jaliaSvili: diax, asea. swored ormagi TamaSis nimu-Sia, samagierod, imave dros wers `jayos xiznebs~.

m. kvaWantiraZe: guram rCeuliSvili ambobs erlom axv-ledianisadmi miweril erT werilSi, am Jandarm saxelmwifo-Si imasac ar sjerdebian, rom kargad moixsenio, undaT, rom maincdamainc Zalian Rrmad da saxeobrivad aqoo. daaxloebiT ase ambobs. es problema im drosac arsebobs. ar jerdebian ubralod loialobas, sul iTxoven, rom aqo da adido. rCeu-liSvili Zalian Rrmad xedavs, dasavleTsac aanalizebs, iq ra xdeba, aq ra, adarebs erTmaneTs, literaturul procesebze ra gavlenas axdens aqeT sabWoTa wyobileba da misi wnexi da iqeT kidev Tavisufleba, oRond dasavleTsac iwunebs, imaT mwerlobas uniaTos, uStrixos uwodebs da amis analizsac akeTebs.

levan bregaZe: sxva antisabWoTa ZalebTan, sxva respub-likebTan an sazRvargareTis qveynebTan Tu hqondaT kavSiri? amas imitom vkiTxulob, rom Tu es iyo izolirebuli qarTu-li amboxeba, sigiJed moCans. Zalian Rrma axalgazrdobaSi maqvs wakiTxuli, mere veRar vipove, rom es iyo saerTo, sxva respublikebTan integrirebuli amboxi, unda dawyebuliyo yvelgan erTdroulad. am yvelafers xelmZRvanelobda boria savinkovi, cnobili agenti da teroristi, magram is cota xniT

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adre Cavarda, rumineTSi, sazRvarze gadasvlisas daiWires. CaiSala es gegma, qarTvelebi ajanydnen marto, arada ajanyeba unda dawyebuliyo erTdroulad bevrgan, somxeTSi, azerbai-janSi... daxmareba unda yofiliyo poloneTidan, didi masSta-biT keTdeboda, magram veRar moxerxda. Cemi azriT, es Zalian mniSvnelovania. sigiJed rom Cnas, amaze erTxel ukve iyo am darbazSi laparaki, rostom CxeiZis seminarze. iq wamodga erTi da Tqva, rogor gabedes amis gakeTeba, risi imedi hqon-daTo. warmoidgineT, sabWoTa somxeTi, sabWoTa azerbaijani, sabWoTa ruseTi, sabWoTa Crdilo kavkasia da am dros ras apirebs amaT Sua moqceuli saqarTvelo, ra unda. magram Tu imas gaviTvaliswinebT, rom saerTo gegma marTlac arsebob-da, maSin sxva saqmea. ratomRac, mere es ambavi iCqmaleboda, albaT, Zalian farTo masStabi rom ar miscemoda antisabWoTa gamosvlebs, es ar unda gamomJRavnebuliyo ssrk-Si.

m. kvaWantiraZe: swored imitom, rom sigiJed gamoCeniliyo.

l. bregaZe: hoda, iqneb mag saarqivo masalebSi aris rame. SeuZlebelia aranairi kavSiri ar Candes salinkovis gegmasTan.

ada nemsaZe: 1926 wlis agvistoSi, ajanyebis ori wlis-Tavze parizSi gamomaval qarTul gazeT `brZolaSi~ (#14) dai-beWda konstantine andronikaSvilis sityva, romelic man war-moTqva `damoukideblobis komitetis~ sasamarTlo procesze 1925 wlis 22 ivliss. im nawyvets wavikiTxav, rac Tqven gain-teresebT, Tumca, Znelia imis Tqma, ras malavs da ras ar am-bobs igi, SesaZloa, arc unda sxvebis dasaxeleba... ai, es teqs-tic: àxla gadaval imaze, ra urTierToba gvqonda mezobel respublikebTan. vcdilobdiT, dagveWira maTTan kavSiri, magram cda ar damTavrda Cvens sasargeblod. somxeTma Tavi-danve uari SemogviTvala, azerbaijanTan faRavas dapatimre-bis Semdeg aRar gvicdia kavSiris daWera, CrdiloeT kavkasi-

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aSi orjer gavgzavneT rwmunebuli (giorgi winamZRvriSvili da mixeil iSxneli), magram davrwmundiT, rom maTgan ara gam-ova ra. amitom gadawyda, saqarTvelo gamosuliyo sakuTari ZaliT. imedi gvqonda dasavleT evropis, oRond ar gvindoda samxedro daxmareba, SeiaraRebuli intervencia. Cven vime-dovnebdiT, rom, rodesac saqarTveloSi moxdeboda Seiara-Rebuli ajanyeba, didi saxelmwifoebi gagviwevdnen diploma-tiur daxmarebas ama Tu im saxiT. Cveni muSaoba saqarTvelos demokratiul mTavrobasTan am mimarTulebiT swarmoebda~.

m. kvaWantiraZe: sazRvargareT qarTuli gazeTebi rom gamodioda, raRac periodSi aqac Rebulobdnen. mamaCemisgan vici, rom piradad mas mamamisis, anu babuaCemis xelSi unaxavs es gazeTi, `brZola~. masalebic Zalian bevri iyo gatanili sazRvargareT, sruli suraTis arsadgenad, albaT, saWiroa iqedanac Semovides dokumentebi.

zoia cxadaia: dokumentebi ar Semxvedria, magram zustad mag TemasTan dakavSirebiT, erT-erTi patimris saqme-Si aris Canawerebi, ukrainasTan dakavSirebiT: Tu damarcxda ukraina, igive bedi gvelis Cvenco, Zalian hgavs dRevandel situacias, rogorc dRes vambobT, rom bevrad varT imaze damokidebuli, rogor gadawydeba ukrainis saqme, zustad es msjeloba aris da amasTan, gamokveTilia amerikasTan da ev-ropasTan damokidebulebac.

l. bregaZe: didi madloba.

m. kvaWantiraZe: es gamocdileba istoriis gadakeTe-bisa cnobilia. gaxsovT albaT, undodaT, 1832 wlis ajanye-bac igivenairad aexsnaT. Cven didxans gvaswavlidnen, rom es iyo avantiura. magram mere aRmoCnda, rom Zalian sworad iyo SerCeuli ajanyebis dro, ruseTs am dros jari sadRac hyavda gadasrolili, poloneTic apirebda im dros amboxebas, sxva movlenebsac hqonda adgili, hoda, Cans, Zalianac xelsayreli

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momenti iyo. Cven ki sul vswavlobdiT am ajanyebas, rogorc srul sigiJes, ugunur gadawyvetilebas. mere viRaceebis das-jac gadaifiqra ruseTis imperatorma, radgan ar undodaT, am ambisTvis Zalian didi masStabi miecaT, xom gaxsovT, rogorc araerTxel momxdara. erCivnaT, es yvelaferi, amxela Zal-isxmeva gamoecxadebinaT axirebad, sigiJed, es xalxi moemad-lierebinaT da saTavisod gamoeyenebinaT. raRac-raRaceebi gamouvidaT kidec. es gamobrunebuli da gadarCenili xalxi suyvela Cadga, garegnulad mainc, imperiis samsaxurSi. vi-meoreb, garegnulad mainc, sxva gamosavali ar iyo da amitom kulturul samuSaoSi Caebnen. gamosavali ar Canda imperiis winaaRmdeg, amis Tqma mindoda.

manana kvataia: 1924 wlis 4 seqtembers, konstantine andronikaSvilis sityvis teqstis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, amierkavkasiis Cekas xelmZRvanelobam, piradad mogilevs-kim sTxova amboxebis erT-erT Tavkacs, k. andronikaSvils, ajanyebulTaTvis mimarTva daewera da es gamosvla menSevi-kur avantiurad gamoecxadebina, razec andronikaSvilma sas-tiki uari ganacxada.

4 seqtembris RamiT, SiomRvimis tyeSi daiWires 1924 wlis ajanyebis meTaurebi: konstantine andronikaSvili, iason javaxiSvili, mixeil boWoriSvili da jinoria. maTi dakavebis pirvelive wuTebidanve Cekistebi agvistos ambebis devalva-cias cdilobdnen. rogorc giTxariT, maT mier SeTavazebul winadadebaze andronikaSvilma uari Tqva, ris Semdeg is calke oTaxSi gaiyvanes, sadac xelebSekruli, gaTokili iason javax-iSvili, mixeil boWoriSvili da jinoria daaxvedres. aq ukve Tavad beria Caeria saqmeSi da ajanyebis Tavkacebs alterna-tiva SesTavaza. maT xeli unda moeweraT mimarTvisaTvis, raTa ajanyebulebs winaaRmdegoba SeewyvitaT. samagierod, sicocx-les SeunarCunebdnen yvelas, vinc ki daWerili da dasaxvretad gamzadebuli iyo, Tumca Sewyaleba TviT ajanyebis Tavkacebs ar Seexeboda. amaze veRar uTqvamT uari, radgan faqtobrivad ajanyeba ukve damarcxebuli iyo. konstantine andronikaSvi-

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lis miTiTebiT, arsebobs uamravi xalxi, mowme imisa, rogor gaica im Ramesve brZaneba da dasaxvretad gamzadebuli adami-anebi gaaTavisufles. asobiT dakavebuli daxvretas swored am kompromisis wyalobiT gadaurCa. SesaZlebelia, swored zemoxsenebuli mimarTvis Semdeg damkvidrda azri 1924 wlis ajanyebis menSevikuri avantiurad Seracxvis Sesaxeb.

m. kvaWantiraZe: anu maT uari ar Tqves xelmoweraze? kargad ver gavige.

m. kvataia: Tavidan marTlac uari Tqves, sakuTari si-cocxlec arafrad CaugdiaT, magram radgan saqme yvela dakavebulis da dasaxvretad gamzadebuli adamianebis gaTa-visuflebas exeboda, Cans, ajanyebis Tavkacebi SeTavazebul winadadebas daTanxmdnen.

m. kvaWantiraZe: es teqsti Tu ginaxavs, realurad arsebobs?

m. kvataia: albaT teqsti arsebobda, magram me is ar mi-naxavs. SesaZlebelia, am mimarTvis damsaxureba iyos, Cvens komunistur Tu wiTel istoriografiaSi TiTqmis am bolo dromde rom iyo damkvidrebuli azri ajanyebis menSevi-kur avantiurad Seracxvis Taobaze. axla, rac Seexeba bato-ni levan bregaZis kiTxvas. mixeil boWoriSvilze masalebs rom vagrovebdi, imdroindel gazeT `komunistSi~ 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawileTa sasamarTlo procesebis stenogramebs mivakvlie. rogorc giTxariT, ajanyebis Tavkacebi 1924 wlis 4 seqtembers daakaves, amis Semdeg isini TiTqmis cxra Tve da-patimrebulni yofilan, sasamarTlo procesebi mxolod 1925 wlis ivlisSi dawyebula. SesaZloa, stenogramebSi garkveul-wilad koniunqturasac vxvdebiT: presaSi yvelafers albaT arc dawerdnen. amis miuxedavad, aRniSnul masalebSi didZali informaciaa Semonaxuli. sasamarTlos sxdomebi daaxloebiT erT Tves gagrZelebula da “komunisti” maT stenogramebs

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Tanmimdevrulad aqveynebda. rogorc aRvniSneT, es publika-ciebi dainteresebul mkvlevars didZal faqtobriv masalas sTavazobs. batoni levanis kiTxva exeboda qarTvel ajanye-bulebulTa kavSirs CrdiloeT kavkasiis TanamoazreebTan. stenogramebSi amazecaa cnobebi. xSirad axseneben magaliTa-dad, vinme ali miTaevs, ase rom, me mgonia, es Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedra erTgvari dasawyisic kia im didi samuSaosi, 1924 wlis ambebis obieqtur kvlevasa da realur Sefasebas rom isaxavs miznad.

z. cxadaia: saCoTiro rameebs weren, magram metnaklebi sizuste aris. ada nemsaZem rom warmogvidgina, konstantine andronikaSvilis sityva, isic dabeWdilia, Tumca ver getyviT ramdenad zustia gazeTSi dabeWdili da arqivSi daculi, es detalebi ar Segvidarebia.

m. niniZe: ai, eg Sedareba Zalian saintereso iqneboda...

m. kvataia: yvelaferi win aris, SeiZleba kvleva, masalebi sakmarisad moipoveba. am mniSvnelovan movlenas istorikose-bi swavloben, magram Cvenc, literatorebmac, mas saTanadod yuradReba rom davuTmoT, ar iqneboda urigo.

m. jaliaSvili: istorikosebi muSaoben am Temaze, nestan kirTaZes aqvs dokumentebis krebuli gamocemuli. kargi iqneba, raRacnairad, SeTanxmebulad vimoqmedoT da am ar-qivebidan rac ukve aris gamoqveynebuli, isini xelaxla ar am-ovweroT, zedmeti Sroma rom ar gamovides...

a. nemsaZe: daviT qarcivaZeze minda visaubro, romelzec qalbatonma maiam nawilobriv ukve mogaxsenaT. mec Semxvda masalebi mis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans, igi ramdenjerme iyo daW-erili. 1922 wels erT-erTi dakiTxvis Semdeg igi wers: `mo-qalaqe gamomZieblis, miqaZis winadadebaze _ xeli movawero rusul enaze daweril oqms _ me uars vambob Semdegi mosaz-

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rebiT: erTi rom me vcxovrob saqarTveloSi da meorec is, rom me, rogorc qarTvel mweral mgosans, ufro mexerxeba qarTu-lis gageba~. rac Seexeba mis monawileobas 1924 wlis ajanye-baSi, amas vigebT imave gazeTidan, romelSic gamoqveynebulia kote andronikaSvilis sityva da romelzec ukve mogaxseneT. mTeli nomeri miZRvnilia ajanyebis ori wlisTavisadmi, mox-senebuli arian is pirebi, romlebic am ajanyebaSi daiRupnen. aqvea patara werili daviT qarcivaZeze, erTgvari mogoneba. mokle biografiaSi aRniSnulia samxedro kariera, romelic jer kidev mefis ruseTis armiaSi daiwyo. mere ki mis Semoq-medebazea saubari: `daTikos axalgazrda poetTa Soris sa-patio adgili eWira. misi leqsebi meConguris fsevdonimiT xSiraT ibeWdeboda social-demokratiul gamocemebSi. ara erTsa da or mebrZols ganucdia misi kalmis zegavlena, ara erTi da ori mebrZoli Sematebia ganmaTavisuflebel moZrao-bas misi leqsebis wyalobiT. rogorc Tavis nawarmoebebSi, ise praqtikul moRvaweobaSi d. qarcivaZe iyo Seurigebeli dam-cveli demokratiisa da socializmisa. aseTi darCa is oku-paciis xanaSic. mas ar SeeZlo feriscvaleba da okupantTa uRels qveS Tfil adgilze mokalaTeba. da ai, despotiurma xelisuflebamac Suri iZia, is daatusaRa da agvistos ajanye-bis dros sxva mZevlebTan erTaT sicocxles gamoasalma. ma-gram sanam iarsebebs qarTveli eri, is SaravandediT Seamkobs qveynis ganTavisuflebisTvis TavdadebulT da maT Soris d. meConguris saxelic ukvdavi darCeba~ (stili daculia).

m. kvaWantiraZe _ okupacias eZaxian, am sityvas xmaro-ben? TviTon social-demokratebi?

a. nemsaZe: diax, 1921 weli okupaciad iyo miCneuli. kote andronikaSvili sasamarTlo procesze Tavis sityvas zustad amiT iwyebs: `dRes arc erTi pasuxismgebeli komunisti aRar imeorebs im zRapars, TiTqos 1921 wels saqarTveloSi muSeb-ma da glexebma moaxdines gadatrialeba. dRes aRar malaven, rom saqarTveloSi Semoiyvanes rusis jari da mas mouxdines

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okupacia. diax, saqarTvelo daipyro sabWoTa ruseTma. es faq-tia.~ davubrundeT d. qarcivaZis Sesaxeb werils. masSi naTqva-mia, rom am despoturma xelisuflebam Suri iZia qarcivaZeze, daatusaRa da agvistos ajanyebis sxva mZevlebTan erTad si-cocxles gamoasalma. es Zalian mniSvnelovani informaciaa, radgan arqivSi sabuTi misi sikvdiliT dasjis Sesaxeb ar moi-Zebna, es faqti viciT mxolod am gazeTidan, 1924 wels Turme isic dauxvretiaT. rogorc Cans, am ajanyebis dros daviT qar-civaZe xelaxla daiWires.

m. kvaWantiraZe _ mweralTa kavSiri rom agzavnis Txov-nis werils, ras Txoulobs?

ada nemsaZe: is werili adrindelia, 1922 wlisaa, maSinac daiWires, magram gamouSves.

m. jaliaSvili: iTxoven, rom daCqardes saqmis ganxilva.

m. kvaWantiraZe: anu, daxvretis ganaCeni arsad devs?

a. nemsaZe: arsad. Tumca, rogorc Cven gviTxres, arqivis TiTqmis 80% damwvaria, SesaZloa, es masalac iq moyva.

m. kvaWantiraZe: sxvagan qarcivaZis kvali ukve aRarsad Cans?

a. nemsaZe: Cven ar gvinaxavs, SesaZloa, arc SemorCa. sxva, mwerlobas rac Seexeba, gvxvdeba uamravi leqsi, Tum-

ca es leqsebi ar aris maRalmxatvruli donis, magram, samagi-erod, Zalian kargad gamoxatavs ganwyobas. CvenebaSi imdenad kargad ar Cans adamiani, misi sulis tkivili da tragizmi, rogorc am leqsebSi. ai, magaliTad, erTi leqsi iyo Zalian saintereso, masSi CamoTvlilia damoukidebeli mTavrobis yvela wevri, sakmaod didi leqsia, nawyvets wagikiTxavT:

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`vficav egnates, Wolas aCrdilsa

da Salvas saflavs Seginebulsa,

vficav me kakis mWevrmetyvelebas,

da winamZRols karlos qebulsa,

vficav isidores gadasaxlebuls

da didsa griSas cixeSi myofsa,

akakis, evgens, romelT usurveb

male moeswron brZolis nayofsa.

vficav ramiSvils, mtkices da mxnesa,

vlasas, mteris win Seudrekelsa,

vficav goguaZis vaJkacobasa,

vinc Semoseva anana mtersa...

... vficav daxvretilT sxva aseulebs,

romelTa Zvlebi tye-RreSi yria,

romelT sicocxle Cven Semogvwires

da dRes ki miwac aRar ayriaT.

vficav agvistos ocdacxra dilas

qarTveli xalxis ajanyebasa

da im daxocil vaJkacTa wyebas,

vinc ki gangmira tyviam mtrebisam.

... vficav, Sevwiro samSoblos yvela

asi sicocxle rom mqondes Tana,

dRes amisTana sicocxles ar sjobs

mterTan brZolaSi sikvdili gana?..~

es leqsebi devs vinme leonide xubulavas saqmeSi, avtori ar aweria, aris ara marto qarTuli, aramed rusulic, ZiriTa-dad, patriotuli paTosiT ganmsWvaluli, magaliTad, aseTi:

`qarTvelo ero, Seni warsuli

mudmivi sisxlis Rvra dinebaa.

Seni Svilebi, lom-uZleveli,

dRes erTxel kidev mters ekveTeba~.

levan bregaZe: ajanyebas Tu aRweren?

ada nemsaZe: ZiriTadad, Cans ajanyebulTa paTosi, aRw-erac aris:

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`Seni SvilTagan vaJi da qali,

didi-patara-moxuci-beri,

ebrZoda mtersa mxned, uSiSari,

rom yofiliyo Tavisufali.

CrdiloeTisa wiTelma jaWvma,

ruseTis xiStma _ mZime Ceqmebma,

Seni ZuZuTi aRzrdil `Svilebma~

wabilwes Seni sarwmunoeba~...

ase rom, ruseTzec weren. es leqsebi saqmeebSi devs, rogorc nivTmtkiceba, rogorc antisabWoTa propagandis maCvenebeli. bevri satrfialo leqsic aris. isini risTvis sWirdebodaT, Zneli saTqmelia, ar vici, ris dasamtkiceblad gamoadgeboda gamoZiebas. leqsebs avtorebi ar aweria, isini ojaxis Cxrekisas aris amoRebuli, SesaZloa imisi iyos, vinc daWerilia, SeiZleba ojaxis sxva wevrs ekuTvnodes, an sulac sxvisi iyos, ubralod moewona da Seinaxa. Znelia imis garCe-vac, visi xeliTaa dawerili, Cvenebebs xom isini TavianTi xe-liT ar werdnen, dokumenti rusulad dgeboda da mxolod xels awerda braldebuli Tanxmobis niSnad boloSi.

sxva saqmeebis Sesaxebac getyviT oriode sityviT. me Semx-vda sergi danelias saqme, romelic 1924 wlis 4 seqtembers daiWires axalcixis mazraSi, magram maleve gamouSves, rad-gan kavSiri ajanyebasTan ver aRmouCines. aseve levan goTuas saqme, romelic 1925 wlis 22 agvistos daapatimres 1924 wlis ajanyebasTan dakavSirebiT abasTumanSi. levan goTua, ra Tqma unda, ar gamouSviaT da sakmaod didi sasjelic misces, mas partiuli muSaobac edeboda bralad, erovnul-demokrati-uli partiis aqtiuri wevri iyo da arc uaryofda amas. es ki sakmaod seriozuli braldeba gaxldaT.

saba metreveli: noe Jordanias sawinaaRmdego, misi salanZRavi leqsebi Tu SegxvdaT?

a. nemsaZe: ara, piriqiT, saqebari. es xalxi Jordanias da mis mTavrobas uWerda mxars, amisTvis iyvnen daWerili da misi

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salanZRavi leqsebi rogorRa eqnebodaT? piriqiT, maT Jor-danias mTavrobis dabruneba surdaT. is Tu dabrundeboda, damoukideblobac aRdgeboda, ase fiqrobdnen menSevikuri partiis wevrebi.

m. kvataia: Cems gamosvlaSi drois deficitsac gaviTval-iswineb. 1924 wlis ajanyebis peripetiebi CvenTvis amouwuravi Temaa, visaubreb mokled, magram ramdenime mimarTulebiT, miT ufro, rom literaturuli aspeqtebic sainteresoa. Cveni saqmianoba saqarTvelos Sss arqivSi jerjerobiT dokument-ebis ZiebiT Semoifargleba. ra Tqma unda, SemdegSi maT safuZ-velze daskvnebic unda daidos. Cems dRevandel sityvaSi vi-saubreb mixeil boWoriSvilze, ajanyebis monawile mweralze, amas garda, grigol robaqiZis “mcvelni gralisas” mixedviT Sevexebi sakiTxs, Tu rogor afasebda robaqiZe 1924 wlis am-boxs, bolos ki galaktion tabiZis ramdenime leqss gavixse-neb, agvistos ajanyebiT rom gaxlavT STagonebuli.

simarTle rom giTxraT, mixeil boWoriSvilis Sesaxeb ZiriTadad is vicodi, rom mwerali galaktionis uaxloesi megobari gaxldaT. maTi araCveulebrivi urTierTdamokide-bulebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs nodar tabiZis wigni galak-tionze, romlis bolo gamocema 2010 wels gamoqveynda. iS-viaTia, aseTi striqonebi megobrebma rom erTmaneTs uZRvnan. moZiebuli masalebis mixedviT, mixeil boWoriSvili saocrad alali, gulwrfeli, niWieri axalgazrda kacia, romelsac cx-ovreba sruliad Seecvala XX saukunis im cnobili movleneb-is gamo. nodar tabiZis sityvebiT, galaktions bevri nacnobi hyavda, magram axlo megobari erTi an ori, maTgan upirvele-sad mixeil boWoriSvili saxeldeba. am adamianis bediTa da biografiiT gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg davinteresdi, rac saqarTvelos Sss arqivSi misi piradi saqme vnaxe. sinamdvileSi saqmeSi ar aRmoCnda masalebi mixeil boWoriSvilze. is, faqto-brivad, mxolod misi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis Ziebas exebo-da. gazeT `tyibulis~ redaqtors, merkvilaZes _ m. boWoriS-vili tyibulelia warmoSobiT _ 1990-ian wlebSi uSiSroebis

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organoebisaTvis gaugzavnia oficialuri werili, romliTac iTxovda, ecnobebinaT misTvis, Tu ra bedi ewia 1924 wlis ajanyebis monawile mixeil boWoriSvils, poets, galaktio-nis axlo megobars. amis Semdeg mimowera mimdinareobs gazeT `tyibulis~ redaqciasa da sxvadasxva organos Soris, iqneba es uSiSroebis saministro, prokuratura, sasamarTlo da a.S. sxva saqmeSi vnaxe dokumentebi, romlebiTac dasturdeba, rom amgvari Zieba 1976 welsac dauwyiaT, magram amaod. bolos pa-tara cnoba aRmovaCine, nacrisfer, umniSvnelo furcelze rom iyo dawerili. aq miTiTebulia, rom mixeil boWoriSvilis saqme ganadgurebul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa nusxaSia. am cnobam damarwmuna, rom Sss arqivSi konkretul masalebs m. boWoriSvilze veRar movipovebdi. amasTan, Tu mas 1925 wels daxvreta miusajes, 1935 wlis 3 agvistos es ganaCeni ratom Seecvala aTwliani patimrobiT? manamade sad iyo es adamiani? es kiTxvebi pasuxis gacemas iTxovda. mixeil boWoriSvilze ufro meti informaciis moZiebis mizniT mivmarTe imdroin-del presas. gazeTi “komunisti” 1924 wlis 5 seqtembers (#202) msxvili SriftiT pirvelive gverdze iuwyeba: “saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiisagan. 4 seqtembers saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis TanamSromlebma daapatimres Semdegi pirebi:

1. paritetuli komitetis (egred wodebuli “saqarT-velos damoukideblobis komiteti”) Tavmjdomare da menSevi-kuri avantiuris xelmZRvaneli Tavadi kote andronikaSvili.

2. paritetuli komitetis wevri da nacional-demokrate-bis centraluri komitetis Tavmjdomaris amxanagi iason javaxiSvili.

3. menSevikebis cekas samxedro komisiis wevri Tavadi giorgi jinoria.

4. paritetuli komitetis wevri nacional-demokratTa partiidan aznauri mixeil iSxneli.

5. paritetuli komitetis wevri memarjvene eserebis partiidan mixeil boWoriSvili. saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis kolegia. tfilisi, 4 seqtemberi, 1924.”

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rogorc aRvniSneT, ajanyebis meTaurebi 1924 wlis 4 se-qtembris RamiT SiomRvimis tyeSi Seipyres. Tu ratom iyvnen isini iq, konstantine andronikaSvilis sityvaSi Cans. maT qaquca ColoyaSvilisgan unda mieRoT direqtivebi, Tu rogor emoqmedaT... minda levan bregaZis weRandel SekiTx-vasac gamovexmauro, ratom damarcxda es ajanyeba, es avan-tiura iyo Tu ara. yofili Cekistis erTi saintereso fraza vnaxe: `paritetul komitetSi Cekas agenti ufro meti iyo, vi-dre gulanTebuli patrioti~-o. aqedan naTelia, rom saqarT-velos sagangebo komisiam am adamianebis yvela nabiji winas-war icoda da albaT amitom daakaves isini ase operatiulad, !924 wlis 4 seqtembers.

m. kvaWantiraZe: maT kvalze wvavdnen da anadgurebdnen yvelafers.

m. kvataia: cudi gagebiT, SeiZleba àRfrTovande~, ram-denad profesiulad da operatiulad muSaobdnen Cekistebi da ramdenad gulubryviloni iyvnen es gulanTebuli patri-otebi, romelTac faqtobrivad sakuTari sicocxle hqondaT ganwiruli.

koka bregaZe: magram iq marto patriotizmi ara, sulmok-leobac iyo.…

m. kvataia: eg kidev sxva ambavia.…

koka bregaZe: ajanyebis dawyebis winadRes WiaTuraSi banki gaZarcves.

a. nemsaZe: mag SemTxvevaSi, gamcemlobas hqonda adgili, ase xsnian Tavad ajanyebulebi.

m. kvataia: jer kidev 17 agvistos unda dawyebuliyo ajanyeba, magram gamosvlisagan Tavi Seikaves.…

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k. bregaZe: faqti isaa, rom gamosvla erToblivi unda yo-filiyo, magram viRacebma winadRiT, raki iaraRi daurigdaT, bankis gaZarcva da fulis Sovna moindomes, amitomac CekasT-vis ukve winaswar gaxda cnobili yvelaferi da amas imereTis is cnobili Caxocva mohyva. SeiZleba isedac ukve icodnen, ma-gram am faqtmac ufro saTuo gaxada ajanyebis efeqturoba.

m. kvaWantiraZe: Cekas iq, ajanyebulebSi Tavisi xalxic eyoleboda aucileblad.

k. bregaZe: SesaZlebelia Cekistebic iyvnen, provokator-ebic, magram faqtia, rom es ajanyeba ukve winaswar ganwiruli iyo, radgan erTobliv gamosvlamde erTi dRiT adre moxda Zarcva da winaswar gaxmaurda yvelaferi. es faqti amaze me-tyvelebs da saarqivo masalebic albaT ufro daadasturebs.

goCa kuWuxiZe: es ajanyeba vfiqrob, bolSevikebs Wir-debodaT, mere rom is xalxi gaenadgurebiaT...

a. nemsaZe: arc iseTi avantiura iyo, rogorc warmoaCend-nen. winaswar hqondaT gansazRvruli yvelaferi. andronikaS-vili wers, rodesac ajanyebas vapirebdiT, Tbilisidan jari mTlianad gayvanili iyo, amitom dedaqalaqis aReba unda yo-filiyo advilio, magram ramdenime dRiT adre gaivso jariT qalaqi, ukan Semoiyvanes. anu, gamcemloba iyo, amaT winaswar, aTi dRiT adre icodnen ajanyebis ambavi, 16 ricxvSi jari ukan Semoiyvanes.

m. kvataia: koka, adre mec SensaviT vuyurebdi am yve-lafers, magram am versiaSi eWvi mas Semdeg Semepara, rode-sac WiaTuris gamosvlebSi monawileTa saqmeebi vnaxe, 1927 wels daiWires es xalxi: abaSiZeebi, wereTlebi...… Cemi azriT, es sakiTxi saarqivo da sxva dokumentebis SejerebiT obieq-turad unda vikvlioT. piradad me erTmniSvnelovnad ver vityvi, rom aq Ralati iyo, arqivSi Senaxuli saqmeebis mixed-

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viT, WiaTuris gamosvlebSi namdvilad patrioti adamianebi monawileobdnen.

k. bregaZe: Ralatia, aba ra aris, ajanyeba jer ar dawye-bula, iaraRi misces da banks daesxa Tavs.

m. kvataia: ubralod, Sen axla asaxeleb erT-erT versias, magram aris sxva versiebic, magaliTad aseTic, rom es iyo wmin-da wylis provokacia da gamosvlebisas banditebi gamoiyenes.

m. kvaWantiraZe: ager kidev erTi, sxva versia, TviTon mananam gviTxra, yuradRebis gadatanis Sesaxeb...

k. bregaZe: faqtia, rom erToblivi gamosvla ver moxerxda...

m. kvaWantiraZe: gasagebia, magram manamde bevri ram iyo. Zalian Zlieria im dros Ceka, kudSi dasdevdnen SeTqmulebs, icodnen, rom emzadebodnen...

m. kvataia: mixeil boWoriSvilze dokumenturi masalis mopovebis Semdeg misi biografiuli monacemebic davazuste. gamoirkva, rom m. boWoriSvili ar dauxvretiaT, is 1943 wlamde cocxali iyo. CemTvis ucnobia, ra bedi ewia konstantine an-dronikaSvils da ajanyebis sxva meTaurebs.

k. bregaZe: saTiTaod unda gayve?

m. kvataia: saTiTaod, uamravi masala unda Seajero, Ti-Toeuli maTganis bedi rom daazusto. amJamad, am konkretul proeqtze muSaobisas amis dro ara gvaqvs, magram SemdgomSi albaT asec unda moviqceT.

m. elbaqiZe: amasTan dakavSirebiT erTi Cemi megobris babuis ambavi SemiZlia gavixseno, imdroindeli, gegmebi rom hqondaT, vTqvaT xuTi aTasi kaci unda daeWiraT, mizezi ar

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ainteresebdaT. mogexsenebaT, es xalxi satvirTo vagonebiT mihyavdaT gadasaxlebis adgilebSi, vagonebs ki badragi ac-ilebda. am gamcilebelebs Soris erT-erTi am kacis Tanaso-fleli aRmoCnda, patimari rom icno, uTqvams, rogorc ki xelsayrel dros ipovi, me Tvals agarideb da matareblidan gadaxtio. isic gadaxta, magram sadRac cimbirSi iyo ukve. bev-ri wvaleba gadaxda Tavs, didxans iwanwala fexiT da saqarT-velomde mainc CamoaRwia. oRond Tavis sofelSi dabrunebis SeeSinda, xelaxla ar damiWirono, sul sxva raions Seafara Tavi, sadac wlebis ganmavlobaSi imaleboda, ojaxs cocxalic aRar egona, mxolod rebilitaciis dawyebis Semdeg gamoCnda, 50-ian wlebSi, arada araferSi ar iyo damnaSave da moZebniTac aRaravin moZebnida, viRas gaaxsendeboda, gegmis Sesavsebad dasWirdaT ubralod, Tavis droze. faqtia, es kaci ubralo adamianurma faqtorma gadaarCina, mezobeli Sexvda. am am-bavze yovelTvis maxsendeba aleqsei tolstois `gzani wamebi-sani~, is adgili, roSCini da telegini rom dganan erTmaneTis pirispir. ar esvris, imitom rom qvislia...

m. kvataia: aRar gavagrZeleb detalurad Cemi kvleva-Zie-bis aRweras, ubralod, albaT yvelas gainteresebT, bolosd-abolos ra daemarTa mixeil boWoriSvils. aRmoCnda, rom is 1935 wlamde gadasaxlebulia gulagSi da iqedan axloblebs werilebs tyibulSi swers. m. boWoriSvilis 100 wlisTavis iubiles 1991 wlis ianvarSi gazeT `tyibulis~ ori nomeri mieZRvna saTauriT `dabrunebuli saxelebi~. publikaciis av-torebs xelT hqoniaT m. boWoriSvilis piradi baraTebi. am werilebis mixedviT, mixeil boWoriSvili, miuxedavad gada-tanili tanjva- wamebisa, mainc mxned aris, gadasaxlebaSi ger-manuli da franguli enebi Seuswavlia. axla inglisurs vswav-lobo, - atyobinebs axloblebs, naTesavebis bavSvebs ki urCevs, ucxo enebi Seiswavlon. rogorc Cans, mwerlis axloblebTan werilebi regularulad modioda. rogorc publikaciis av-torebi: p. berekaSvili da g. gewaZe miuTiTeben, m. boWoriS-vili unda gardacvliliyo meore msoflio omis periodSi,

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daaxloebiT 1943 wels, Tumca, SesaZloa, es informaciac ar iyos bolomde swori. ase rom, Semdgomi kvleva aucilebelia. aq erT momentzec minda SevCerde. zemoxsenebuli publikaci-is avtorebi miuTiTeben, rom mixeil boWoriSvilis erT-erTi werili gamogzavnilia tambovis olqis sofel kalpaSovodan. yofili patimris, liziko qavTaraZis wignSi `28 weli gulag-Si~, 2008 wels rom gaxlavT gamocemuli, aRwerilia tomskis olqis sofel kolpaSovoSi gadasaxlebul politpatimarTa (maT Soris, qarTvelebis) autaneli mdgomareoba. yovelive es mafiqrebinebs, rom mixeil boWoriSvilis gadasaxlebis adgi-li tambovis ki ara, tomskis olqi unda iyos. Cans, am natif da daxvewil pirovnebas gulagis sastik jurRmulebSi mouxda mravali wlis gatareba, savaraudod, iqve aResrula kidec. mixeil boWoriSvils vrceli literaturuli memkvidreoba darCa, romelic Tavis mkvlevars elis. mwerali 32 wlisa iyo, roca daiWires, ucolSvilo, gulanTebuli patrioti., eser-Ta partiis wevri.

aq 1924 wlis movlenebTan dakavSirebul saintereso mo-mentze unda SevCerde. saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-tros arqivSi, erT-erTi patimris saqmeSi aRmoCnda ucxoeTSi gamomavali qarTuli gazeTi `mebrZolTa xma~, 1925 wlis iv-lisis nomeri. aq dabeWdilia publikacia, Tu rogor Sexvdnen saqarTveloSi datrialebul agvistos sisxlian tragedias germaniasa da inglisSi: `germaniaSi cnobam qarTvel patri-otTa daxvretis Sesaxeb mTeli qarTuli kolonia aRaSfoTa. samoqalaqo panaSvidze warmoTqmuli iyo mravali sityva. pa-naSvidis Semdeg demonstrantebi gaeSurnen ruseTis elCis bi-nisken, erovnuli Savi droSebiT. saelCosTan xalxmraval mit-ings uamravi adamiani daeswro. demonstrantebi Secvivdnen elCis binaze da fanjrebi Caumtvries.~ parizidan miRebuli cnoba aseTi yofila: `londonSi qarTvelebis mier gamarTul didi demonstraciaze metad mgrZnobiare sityva warmouTq-vams oliver uordrops, romelsac Tvalze cremlmoreviT mougonebia daxvretil qarTvelTa Soris Tavisi qarTveli megobrebi.~ albaT maT Soris ilia WavWavaZis disSvili, 1923

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wlis maisSi daxvretili kote afxazic igulisxmeboda. sxvaTa Soris, kote afxazs STamomavlobac darCenia. mis meuRles da Svils missave sicocxleSi, jer kidev 1921 wels, dautovebi-aT saqarTvelo da sabolood kanadaSi dasaxlebulan. Tavis droze kote afxazis vaJs kanadis erT-erT qalaqSi Zalian cnobili botanikuri baRi gauSenebia.

m. kvaWantiraZe: es baRi specialur telearxze vnaxe, romelic swored msoflioSi saxelganTqmul baRebs aCvenebs, araCveulebrivi iyo, uiSviaTesi mcenareebia, dRemde tur-istebi dahyavRT, RirsSesaniSnaobaa.. asiaTasobiT dolari jdeba msgavsi baRis movla-patronoba, amitom, rogorc Cans, afxazis STamomavlebs baRi gauyidiaT da dRes sxvebi arian pa-tronebi, Tumca iTqva, rom emigranti qarTvelis daarsebulia.

m. kvataia: axla oriode sityviT grigol robaqiZeze mogaxsenebT, kerZod, Tu rogor ganucdia mas 1924 wlis ajanye-bis damarcxeba. arsebobs misi piradi werili, 1950-iani wlebis TariRiT, saidanac cxadi xdeba, rom am ambis gagebis Semdeg grigols imdenad daukargavs sakuTar Tavze kontroli, rom misi meuRle iZulebuli gamxdara, es inteligenti, gawonas-worebuli kaci, sawolze zewrebiT daeba. emigraciaSi wasuli qarTvelebi, maT Soris, grigol robaqiZe, eZeben mizezebs, Tu ratom damarcxda agvistos amboxeba. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia robaqiZis “mcvelni gralisa”. romanis ramdenime Tavi swored 1924 wlis ajanyebas exeba. mTavari gmiri levan orbeli amboxe-bis winaaRmdegia, radgan, misi azriT, amgvari gamosvla marcx-isTvisaa ganwiruli. ̀ msoflio istoriaSi arasodes momxdara, rom ajanyebas paritetuli komiteti meTaurobdes~, _ ambobs igi. levan orbeli ritorikulad kiTxulobs: ̀ ras izamda arm-ia, misTvis hanibalis, aleqsandre makedonelisa da napoleo-nis magier paritetul komitets rom exelmZRvanela~-o. e.i. is ajanyebis amgvari xelmZRvanelobis winaaRmdegia. romanSi ikveTeba mwerlis damokidebleba qaquca ColoyaSvilisadmi da saerTod, “mcvelni gralisa” gadmoscems, Tu rogori iyo

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mosaxleobis maSindeli ganwyobileba, bolSevikebis reaqcia. mwerlis dakvirvebiT, maT saxeze irekleboda marcxi Tu war-mateba. ase rom, `mcvelni gralisas~ niuansebi am mxriv Zalze sayuradReboa.

bolos galaktionis cnobili leqsi minda gavixseno: `Cven, poetebi saqarTvelosi~, romelic 1924 wlis dekembriT TariRdeba. vfiqrob, am leqsis daweras biZgi swored po-etis saukeTeso megobris Tavganwirvam misca. sayuradReboa galaktionis sxva leqsi: `mogonebebi im dReebis, roca ielva~. nodar tabiZe wers, rom am leqsis gamo `mnaTobis~ me-5 nomeri, romelSic igi daibeWda, mTlianad mospes da, rodesac Jur-nali xelaxla akinZes, am leqsis xsenebac aRar iyo. erT frag-ments gagaxsenebT: `gamarjvebulni sastiki xeliT axrCoben tyveebs, kafaven, xvreten, xalxis saxeliT uspoben dReebs, qurdebi RamiT saflavebs Txrian, zis ori ZaRli, maT isto-ria ver daafeTebs, piridan glejen erTi-meores xorcis na-fleTebs da mTeli kvira sadgurs iqiT matarebeli idga, Sig mkvdrebi eyara...~ n. tabiZe imasac SeniSnavs, rom mixeil bo-WoriSvilma Tavisi uaxloesi megobari galaktioni daindo da is agvistos sisxlian ambebSi ar garia.

m. kvaWantiraZe: didi madloba. axla zoia cxadaias mivcemT sityvas.

z. cxadaia: me da qalbatoni nona kupreiSvili vmuSaobdiT partiis centraluri komitetis arqivze. mweralTa kavSir-Tan arsebuli partorganizaciis oqmebia daculi, 1937-1941 wlebis. mweralTa kavSirSi partiuli organizacia 1937 wels daarsda da oqmebi 1941 wlis CaTvliT arsebobs. aris kidev ma-salebi litfondis Sesaxeba. Tumca, Cveni dRevandeli Sexve-dris interesi 1921-24 wlebia. Cven naklebad gvqonda am wlebis masalebTan Sexeba, magarm mainc imdenad sakmaod, rom arcTu ise cota saintereso masala gamoCnda. marTalia, romelime mw-erali da literaturisaTvis mniSvnelovani figura ar Semx-vedria, magram zogadi suraTisaTvis bevri saintereso masala

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iyo. maT Soris gamorCeulia erT-erTi patimris, gogoriSvi-lis saqme, romelSic ramdenime gazeTi devs, sxvadasxva adg-ilidan gamogzavnili, ucxoeTidan, sadac gamokveTilia e.w. ìluzoruli xana~ _ ase uwodeben 1921-1924 wlebs, rogorc bolSevizmze da sabWoTa reJimze araadekvaturi, uluzoru-li warmodgenebis periods. gogoriSvils miesaja sami weli ssr kavSiris sakoncentracio banakSi. Tumca, 1937 wels, da es gadagvimowma arqivis TanamSromelma _ xelaxla dauWeriaT da dauxvritavT. mis saqmeSi aRmoCenil aralegalur Jurnal-gazeTebSi _ `brZola~, `damoukidebeli saqarTvelosaTvis~, `Cveni erToba~, àxali saqarTvelo~, dabeWdilia emigraciaSi myofi qarTveli mwerlebis, publicistebis, politikosebis werilebi, Cans, erTi mxriv, Zalze optimisturi ganwyoba, rac, rogorc ukve giTxariT, faqtobrivad iluzia iyo, imedi imisa, rom `mtris mze Cadis, daSlili, dasenianebulia da ufskru-lisken eSveba. qarTveli eri, gajansaRebuli, gamowvrTnili da xelixelCakidebuli uWvrets am sanaxaobas da imedianad gahyurebs ganTiadis moaxloebas.~ da ase Semdeg... es noe Jor-danias werilia, magram aseve fiqroben sxvebi, magaliTad, ilia nucubiZe da zogadad, social-demokratebi. meore mxriv, aris werilebi, romlebSic realuri politikuri suraTi ix-ateba imisa, Tu ra xdeba saqarTveloSi, sadac umZimesi repre-siebis Sedegad xalxi suls Rafavs. am werilebis avtorebi arian spiridon kedia, samson fircxalava, giorgi gvazava da sxvebi. sainterso werilebia naklebadcnobili an fsevdonims amofarebuli avtorebisa. bevri es fsevdonimi saqarTveloSi gaxsnilia, rac ara, momavalSi SevecdebiT gavxsnaT. maT weri-lebSi bevri sagulisxmo da saintereso faqtia im tragikuli movlenebis Sesaxeb, romelic gamoiara saqarTvelom 1921 wlidan. berlinSi gamomaval gazeTSi àxali saqarTvelo~ (redaqtori grigol veSapeli), grigol veSapelis werilSi àxali sazogadoebisaTvis~ gamoxatulia rwmena imisa, rom dRevandel saqarTveloSi TandaTan mtkicdeba axali sabWoTa sazogadoeba, rom isini sul sxvagvarad msjeloben da afase-ben movlenebs. am saqmeSi avtori xedavs samSobloSi darCe-

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nili inteligenciis rols. sakmaod vrceli da saintereso msjelobaa. gazeTebis sxvadasxva nomrebSi gvxvdeba werilebi evropisa da amerikis politikuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb, saqarT-velos interesebze maT mimarT da piriqiT, maT daintereseba-ze saqarTveloTi, ukrainis imdroindel movlenebze, razec aRar gavagrZeleb, radgan weRan baton levans gaveci pasuxi. amave gazeTSi ibeWdeba Salva amirejibis werili qaquca ColoyaSvilze da misive moTxroba `mzeqala~, romelSic aseve qaquca ColoyaSvilis cxovrebis erTi mniSvnelovani epizo-dia mxatvrulad gadmocemuli. es moTxroba TbilisSi 1990-ian wlebSi gamocemul Salva amirejibis ortomeulSic aris Setanili, magram me mainc gadmoviwere saarqivo masalidan, radgan sul mcire gansxvavebebi, Tundac gmirTa saxelebSi an moqmedebebSi, teqstologiuri TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelo-vania. aranakleb sainteresoa saarqivo masalis mixedviT war-moCenili Cveulebrivi moqalaqeebis bedi 1921-1924 wlebSi, ajanyebamde. apatimreben, ZiriTadad, xvreten, egreTwodebu-li `ColoyaSvilis bandis~ wevrebs, eWvmitanilebs. saqmeebSi ar Cans araviTari mtkicebulebebi an mowmeebi. magaliTad, sami yofili oficeri _ yvelaze metad iman SemZra, rom saqme-Si uweriaT yofili oficeri, yofili Tavadi _ daxvrites, rogorc eWvmitanilebi qaqucasTan urTierTobaSi. eseni iyvnen 22-24 wlis axalgazrdebi: solomon andronikaSvili, aleqsandre sumbaTaSvili, daviT vaCnaZe. araferi umtkicde-bodaT, mxolod iaraRi upoves, purSi vcvlidiTo, ambobd-nen, ara, ginda Tu ara, qaqucaTana migqondaTo. erTi Tvec ar iyvnen patimrebi, Tvis bolos ukve daxvreta miesajaT. es saqme sifrifanaa, sul ramdenime furclisagan Sedgeba. erT-erTi ambobs, saerTod ar vicnob ColoyaSvils, namdvilado, oRond is ki vici, Zalian vaJkacia, Zalian patriotiao. ar uSindeba, icis, rom daxvreten, miuxedavad amisa ambobs, ar vicnob, ma-gram Zalian kargi pirovneba rom aris, vicio. rusulad aris Sedgenili oqmebi.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom gadavamowmeT ramdenime patimris biografiuli monacemebi, aRmoCnda, rom vinc 20-ian wlebSi gadarCa, 3 an 5 weli miesaja kontrevoluciuri saqmiano-

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bisaTvis, TiTqmis yvelani daxvretilebi arian 1937-Si. am ga-damowmebaSi arqivis TanamSromeli dagvexmara, im qalbatonma gviTxra, 20-ian wlebSi kontrevoluciis muxliT daWerilebi-dan, erTeulebi Tu moiZebneba, vinc 1937 wels daxvretas gadaurCao. es gogoriSvilic, vis saqmeSic es emigrantuli gazeTebi vnaxe, 24 wels gadarCenila, 37-Si ki dauxvretiaT. amave saqmeSi, Svilis Txovna iyo 1990 wels mTavrobis mimarT, mamis reabilitaciis cnoba gamomigzavneTo. zogadad, saqmeeb-Si devs 20-iani wlebis patimarTa Svilebisa da SviliSvileb-is gancxadebebi, mamebis, babuebis reabilitaciis TxovniT, dawerili 1956 wlidan 1990 wlis CaTvliT. pasuxad iReben: reabilitirebulia. iSviaTad gadaurCnen im wlebs. ramden-ime SemTxvevaa gaTavisuflebis. maT Soris vnaxe Cemi axlo nacnobis da Zalian sayvareli pirovnebis saqme, Segnebulad ar vasaxeleb, romelic 1937 wels iyo dapatimrebuli, 10 weli miesaja, risTvis, mec ar vicio, ambobda, aRmoCnda, rom Turme 1922 welsac dauWeriaT. saqmeSi ewera, man daasaxela, mis gver-diT vinc iyvneno da aseT SemTxvevaSi aTavisuflebdnen. bevr saqmeSi Cans, rom gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebs, TiTqmis sul bavSvebs, aTqmevinebdnen, ra ZaliT da ra xerxebiT, RmerTma icis. magram mainc, es iSviaTi SemTxveva iyo, roca ar xvretdnen.

calke minda gamovyo elisabed, liziko qavTaraZe. 24 wlis gogoa, universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis me-4 kursis studenti, Cvenebebi misive xeliT aris dawerili da etyoba, rom ganaTlebuli adamianis dawerilia. aris axalgazrda marqsistTa organizaciis wevri. eseni Tan komunistebi ar-ian, magram aqvT gansxvavebebi, ewinaaRmdegebian bolSevikebs, sabWoTa wyobas. Zalian saintereso pirovnebaa. is aRiarebs, ambobs, rom me namdvilad var sabWoTa wyobilebis mowinaaRm-dege da ar gedavebiT imis gamo, rom damiWireT, magram rasac mabralebT, yvelaferi ise ar iyoo, iTxovs dakiTxvas. usjian sam wels, mere gamosula da meored kidev sami weli miusjiaT. isev dauWeriaT 1940 wels. saqmeSi Cans, rom 1956 wels 85 wlis deda iTxovs, iqneb axla mainc gamouSvaTo. etyoba, rom es qali disidentad darCa bolomde.

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Tamar SarabiZe: qalbatono zoia, liza qavTaraZe dab-runda saqarTveloSi. mere iyo erovnul-demokratiuli partiis wevri, gardaicvala 1980-iani wlebis bolos, rogorc manana kvataiamac aRniSna weRan, swored misi werilebi gamosca misma disSvilma.

z. cxadaia: liza qavTaraZis fotoc devs saqmeSi, patim-robaSi gadaRebuli suraTia.

T. SarabiZe: mec maqvs misi ramdenime foto, maT Soris 1921 wels dapatimrebulTa fotoebic, amoWrili da gadaxa-zuli saxeebiT, ukan siiT. amoWrili da gadaxazulebi iyvnen gamcemebi da isini ukve aRar iTvlebodnen maTi jgufis wevre-bad. Zalian bevria aseTi fotoebi. xazis gadasmis miuxedavad, kargad ikiTxeba gvarebi.

z. cxadaia: sanam davasruleb, minda ramdenime strofi wagikiTxoT erT-erTi patimris saqmeSi napovni leqsebidan. es aris, rogorc irkveva, ucxoeTSi wasuli qarTveli mozardis, mowafis mier dawerili striqonebi. leqsi ki ar warmoadgens raime movlenas, ubralod, gamoxatavs im ganwyobas, rac pat-arasac ki awuxebda im dros. TiToeul leqsze miwerilia dro, imas, romelsac axla wagikiTxavT, aweria Ramis 8 saaTi da 17 wuTi. `gaqra is dro, ros tolebSi udardelad me vcxovrob-di, Cem sayvarel kekluc mxares Sevtrfodi da Sevxarodi./ CamovSordi samudamod Cems norCobis amxanagebs,/ megobrobas awi Cemsas aRaravin ganaaxlebs,/da davSordi maswavleblebs, Cem sayvarel xelmZRvanelebs,/ gakveTilebs maT winaSe arc aravin maTqmevinebs./yvela es rom magondeba, guli kvneisis da mikvdeba / axla ki vgrZnob, ra yofila/ mSobel mxaris mi-toveba./ gaqra is dro, ros Cem tolSi udardelad me vcxov-robdi, / udardelad molxenili / lamaz mxares Sevtrfodi da Sevxarodi~.

Tamar SarabiZe: erTi ambavi minda gavixseno liziko qavTaraZis mogonebebidan. mas hyavda megobari, Tina imnaZe. es

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qalic gadasaxlebuli iyo, oRond lizikosgan gansxvavebiT, SemTxveviT moxvda iq, swored 1924 wels. Semdeg iqve gaTxovda, misi qmaric disidenti iyo, Svilic gadasaxlebaSi SeeZinaT. da ai, mogonebebSi vkiTxulobT, bavSvi rom siaruls swavlob-da, aqedan gaagzavnines saqarTvelos ruqa, daufines da fexi masze aadgmevines. anu, qarTvelma bavSvma pirveli nabijebi saqarTvelos rukaze gadadga.

bevri saintereso mogoneba da werilia liziko qavTaraZis arqivSi, megobrobda levan goTuasTan, arsebobs maTi mimow-era. mwerlis mxatvruli Semoqmedebis Sesaxebac saintereso informacias vxvdebiT am werilebSi.

m. kvaWantiraZe: manana SamiliSvils mivceT sityva.

manana SamiliSvili: Zalian saintereso moxsenebebi mo-vismineT dRevandel Sexvedraze da minda Cemi sityvac Sevuer-To saerTo saTqmels. aq iTqva ajanyebulTa samoqmedo gegmis Taobaze _ rom ar arsebobda SeTanxmeba sxva respublikebTan, ar iyo ajanyebulTa Soris koordinacia da a.S. vfiqrob, ufro miamituri eTqmis maT mizandasaxulobas. albaT imitom, rom ajanyebulebs bolomde ar hqondaT gacnobierebuli, raze wamsvleli aRmoCndeboda bolSevikuri reJimi. 20-iani wlebis dasawyisis dakiTxvis oqmebidanac irkveva, rom im periodSi jer kidev iyo SesaZlebeli azris daufaravad gamoxatva. sasjelis zomac SedarebiT msubuqia. Tumca, momdevno wlebSi sasjeli aramarTlzomierad izrdeba da ara mxolod ideolo-giurad miuRebel pirTa mimarT, aramed yofiT niadagze Cade-nil danaSaulobebTan da wvrilman SemTxvevebTan dakavSire-biTac. mogvianebiT, es pirebi xelaxla moxvdnen sapyrobileSi da umkacresad gasamarTldnen.

SemiZlia warmogidginoT dakiTxvis oqmebi, romelTa gacnobac dagvarwmunebs, ra Tamamad afiqsireben gansasjele-bi sakuTar kritikul Tvalsazriss. isini kategoriulad ewi-naaRmdegebian wiTeli armiis yofnas saqarTveloSi; SiSis ga-reSe, xmamaRla amboben _ saqarTvelo damoukidebeli unda iyos!

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garda amisa, Cveni varaudis damatebiT argumentad gamo-dgeba saarqivo masalebis erTi, sakmaod didi nawili, romel-Sic saxelmwifo sazRvris ukanonod gadakveTazea saubari. sazRvris damrRvevTa saqmeebis simravle (lamis mTeli weli am saqmeebze vimuSaveT) maniSnebelia imisa, rom sabWoTa kavSiri jer ar iyo mZlavri, danarCeni samyarosgan “rkinis fardiT” gamijnuli imperia da arc sazRvrebi hqonda saTanadod daculi. amitomac mgonia, rom ajanyebulebs erTob mcdari, rogorc aq iTqva, iluzoruli warmodgena hqondaT imis Tao-baze, TiTqos konsolidaciis SemTxvevaSi raime Sedegs miaRw-evdnen da saqarTvelos damoukideblobas aRadgendnen. drom maleve aCvena, ra Zlier cdebodnen. sadamsjelo zomebi Tan-daTan mkacrdeboda, inteleqtualuri terori Zalas ikrebda da masStabur xasiaTs iZenda. sadazvervo saqmeSi gawafulma bolSevikurma xelisuflebam isic ki icoda, vin ras fiqrob-da, vis ra ganzraxva hqonda da ramdenad keTilsaimedo iyo reJimisTvis.

Cemi dRevandeli naubari nawilia naSromisa, romelic srulad me-8 saerTaSoriso simpoziumis masalebSi ibeWdeba. amJamad mxolod erT saintereso saqmes gagacnobT, romelic cnobili qarTveli eTnografis, giorgi Citaias dapatimrebas exeba. 1923 wlis zafxulSi, peterburgidan axlad Camosuli, saxelmwifo muzeumis TanamSromeli Citaia, kolegasTan er-Tad, abasTumans miavlines eqspediciis Casatareblad. Tanac, axalgazrda eTnografi tuberkuloziT yofila avad da, cx-adia, dakisrebuli misia mis janmrTelobasac Zlier waadge-boda. swored abasTumanSi Seipyres mecnieri. marTalia, es saqme uSualod 1924 wlis ajanyebasTan araa dakavSirebuli, magram am dokumentidanac naTlad Cans, rogori gamalebuli `samzadisi~ hqondaT sxvagvarad moazrovneTa jalaTebs.

Uunda iTqvas, rom 1921 wlidan moyolebuli, mTeli qveynis masStabiT lokaluri kontrrevoluciuri gamosvlebi ar Sew-yvetila (26 maisis aRsaniSnavi demonstracia 1922 wels, sap-rotesto gamosvlebi gasabWoebis wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT da a.S.). aqtiurobiT gamoirCeodnen menSevikuri organiza-ciebi zugdidSi, baTumSi, quTaissa da TelavSi. gansakuT-rebiT Zlieri iyo ozurgeTis aralegaluri organizacia.

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es calkeuli aqtivobebi, akumulirebis principis msgavsad, TandaTan grovdeboda, rasac, saboloo jamSi, erT mZlavr Zalisxmevad unda moeyara Tavi. swored es strategia ikveTe-ba Cven mier moZiebuli masalebidan. amasTan erTad, mkafiod vlindeba, Tu ra intensiurad muSaobdnen specsamsaxurebi reJimis mowinaaRmdegeTa gamosavlenad.

giorgi Citaiac eWvmitanilTa ricxvSi aRmoCnda. sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg kontrrevoluciur saqmianobaSi braldebuli mecnieri damnaSaved scnes da social-demokra-tiul partiaSi aqtiuri muSaobisa (partiis wevrad iricxebo-da 1912 wlidan) da bolSevikebis sawinaaRmdego aralegaluri saqmianobis gamo gaasamarTles. 4 oqtombris dadgenilebiT, mas Sroma-gasworebiT koloniaSi (ГПУ) sami wliT saqarT-velodan gadasaxleba miusajes.

arqivSi daculi dokumentebi adasturebs, rom patimari, mokle droSi, 1924 wlis 23 ianvars, yofil menSevikTa konfer-enciis gadawyvetilebis Sedegad gaaTavisufles. am Tavyri-lobas igi #2 gamosasworebeli saxlSi („ispravdomSi“), winas-wari dakavebis dros SeuerTda. rogorc cnobilia, menSevikma politpatimrebma partiis demonstratiulad datovebis Ses-axeb miiRes rezolucia. am dokuments Citaiac awerda xels.

inteleqtualuri teroris etapobrivad gaZlierebis ten-denciaze naTlad metyvelebs mecnieris saqmeSi arsebuli saidumlo telegrama, romelic lavrenti berias mieraa xelmowerili da giorgi Citaias dapatimrebis brZanebas warmoadgens.

m. kvaWantiraZe: silovan xundaZes, 37 wlis kacs am daZab-ulobis gamo guli gauskda. aRarafers vambob daxvretilebze da maTi ojaxis wevrebze. es aris Cveni istoria. Cven am isto-riidan gakveTilebi unda gamovitanoT, ara mxolod mecniere-bisaTvis, aramed piradulic da cota frTxilad moveqceT am istorias, rodesac Sefasebebze midgeba saqme. Cemi Tvalsaz-risiT, es aris qarTveli xalxis raRac unikaluri Tviseba, rom mudmivad ibrZodes, arasodes mogvSlodes es Tviseba. XX saukune ZiriTadad egzistencializmis niSniT warimarTa, adamianis Tavisufleba da amboxi kacobriobis cxovrebis um-

346

niSvnelovanesi konotaciaa, sxvaTa Soris, Tavisufleba da amboxi TavisTavad, Sedegze orientirebulobis gareSec ki. dRes Cven sul pragmatulad vuyurebT amas, rogorebi viyaviT, giJebi viyaviT Tu Wkvianebi. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom re-alur Sedegs miRma amas hqonda TavisTavadi mniSvneloba Cveni arsebobis gamarTlebisaTvis da yvela aseT amboxs Tavisi eg-zistencialuri muxti axlda.

SeiZleba Cven swored is misia gvakisria, rom mudmivad vi-yoT am wrialSi. guram asaTiani grigol robaqiZes upirispir-deba erTgan, rodesac ambobs, rom istoriulad Cven swored Cveni promeTeuli TviTneboba gvSvelodao, robaqiZe piriq-iT, istoriis tragizmis mizezs xedavda Cvens am mouTmenel xasiaTSi. me mainc guram asaTiani mgonia marTali, vfiqrob, es suli ar unda Cakvdes da me mgoni, es istoria swored imas gviCvenebs, rom sul gvqonda es muxti da sul varT, varsebobT, ramdensac ar unda vaSavebdeT da ramdensac ar unda vgiJi-anobdeT. es kidev calke sakiTxia da calkea sasaubro Temaa ukve Tanamedrove gadasaxedidan. zogadad xalxs hqonda es muxti, es Cveni erovnuli Tvisebaa da es Zalian mniSvnelo-vania. es yvelaferi mere rogor gadavida literaturaSi da rogor aRwera literaturam, ra Tqma unda, metaforuli eniT, ise, rom cenzurisTvis gaeZlo da xalxSi gasuliyo, esec aranakleb mniSvnelovania CvenTvis. rogor ganagrZo litera-turam am Temebis damuSaveba momdevno periodebSi ise, rom istoriis xsovna cocxlad Senaxuliyo xalxSi. ase rom, sakv-levi da samuSao bevria. Cveni dRevandeli `mrgvali magidac” am didi samuSaos nawilia.

m. elbaqiZe: raRac moraluri movaleobac gvaqvs Cven yvelas imaT winaSe da wigni, romelic am proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg daideba, minda gamovides Zalian kargi. batoni omari dagvpirda, rom iseT fotoebs mogvcems, romlebic jer arsad gamoqveyenebula.

`mrgvali magidis” dasasruli

347

w i g n e b i 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4

sofio wulaia. saubrebi literaturaze Tbilisi: „saunje“, 2013

wigni „saubrebi literaturaze“ sofio wulaias sadebiu-to naSromia, romelic aerTianebs bolo 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva literaturul Jurnal-gazeTebSi („literatu-ruli palitra“, „Cveni mwerloba“, „24 saaTi“, „literaturu-li gazeTi“, literaturuli institutis Jurnali „kritika“, „literaturuli saqarTvelo“) dabeWdil kritikul werileb-sa da eseebs Tanamedrove qarTul literaturaze.

avtori mimoixilavs 90-iani wlebidan dRemde Tanamed-rove qarTul literaturaSi mimdinare ZiriTad procesebs, misi interesis sferoSi eqcevian rogorc konkretuli av-torebis saetapo mniSvnelobis nawarmoebebi, aseve, calkeu-li mwerlebis mTeli Semoqmedeba. wignSi Sesuli werilebis umravlesoba ar warmoadgens recenzias, an kritikuls eses klasikuri gagebiT, umTavresad, werilebi mxatvrulobisa da literaturuli analizis erTgvari Serwymis mcdelobaa.

wignSi Sesuli literaturuli werilebi eZRvneba erT-maneTisgan stiliTa da TematikiT gansxvavebul avtorebs, romlebic aqtiurad arian CarTuli Tanamedrove qarTul literaturul procesSi.

„saubrebi literaturaze“ 2013 wels gamosca gamomcemlo-ba „saunjem“, redaqtori _ filologiis mecnierebaTa doq-tori zeinab saeria. wignis prezentacia gaimarTa 2014 wlis 17 seqtembers zugdidis SoTa mesxias saxelobis universitetSi da 2014 wlis 18 Tebervals, saqarTvelo sapatriarqos bib-lioTeka „wignis savaneSi“.

348

maia jaliaSvili, lali daTaSvili. werilebi meoce saukunis qarTul literaturaze

Tbilisi: `meridiani~, 2014

wignSi Tavmoyrilia maia jaliaSvilisa da lali daTaSvi-lis werilebi meoce saukunis qarTul literaturaze, rogorc prozaze, aseve poeziaze. es aris saliteraturo procesis mravalferovani speqtris sxvadasxva rakursiT ana-lizi. werilebSi gamokveTilia qarTvel mweralTa Semoqmede-bis Taviseburabani, calkeuli mwerlis mxatvruli sistemis ZiriTadi principebi. maia jaliaSvilis werilebia galaktion tabiZis, tician tabiZis, valerian gafrindaSvilis, paolo iaSvilis, giorgi leoniZis, ana kalandaZis, mixeil javaxiS-vilis, besik xaranaulis Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb, xolo lali daTaSvilisa _ daviT kldiaSvilis, niko lorTqifaniZis, konstantine gamsaxurdias, kolau nadiraZis, leo qiaCelis, jemal qarCxaZis, guram doCanaSvilis Sesaxeb.

amiran gomarTeli. klasikosebis faruli mxatvruli polemika. ilia, akaki, vaJa

Tbilisi: ùniversali~, 2013

wignSi saubaria iliasa da akakis farul mxatvrul pole-mikaze, maTi Txzulebebis konceptualur dapirispirebaze; SeniSnulia agreTve vaJas mimarT akaki wereTlis Txzulebeb-Si faruli metoqeobis kvali. mocemuli wigni siaxlea, radgan aqamde gansjisa da ganxilvis Tema ar gamxdara. wigni pasuxs scems idumalebiT mocul mraval kiTxvas. mkiTxvels saSu-aleba eZleva, sxvagvarad gaiazros XIX saukunis meore nax-evris qarTuli literaturuli sinamdvile, axali Sinaarsi amoikiTxos Cveni mwerlobis klasikur qmnilebebSi.

amiran gomarTelis am wignma miiRo 2014 wlis sabas premia.

349

Tamaz kvaWantiraZe. gansjani (erovnuloba, ènovnebaze~, mesityveebze da zog sxva ramezec)

Tbilisi: saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli bibli-oTeka, 2013

wignSi Sesulia avtoris mier sxvadasxva dros gamoqveyneb-uli werilebi, samecniero naSromebi, eseebi, mogonebebi; day-ofilia Tavebad: erovneba; mesityveni; monologebi; dialoge-bi; yvaryvareTi; saymawvilo danarTi... èrovnebaSi~ saubaria erovnebisa da ènovnebis~ cnebebis igiveobaze, romelsac, avtoris daskvniT, safuZveli realobaSi uZevs. warmoCenilia enis òrgemege~ dialeqtikuri winaaRmdegobebisgan naqsovi buneba; ramdenime Tavi eZRvneba XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis samegrelos istorias, kerZod, sasuliero pirTa Rvawls qarTUli enis dasacavad. mkiTxveli am monakveTSi gaecnoba im-droindel mraval sasuliero da saero moRvawes.

momdevno nawili _ `mesityveni~ eZRvneba rusTavelis, ilias, akakis, vaJAas, al. yazbegis, d. kldiaSvilis, n. nikola-Zis, m.javaxiSvilis, i. griSaSvilis, l. qiaCelis, galaktionis, k.gamsaxurdias, g. leoniZis, s. Ciqovanis, g. rCeuliSvilis si-tyvis qmnadobis bunebas. calke Tavi eZRvneba cisferyanwe-lebs. mraval saintereso kiTxvaze iZleva pasuxs `monologe-bi~ da `dialogebi~; wigns erTvis mogonebebi.

Tamaz kvaWantiraZis am wignma miiRo 2014 wels saba premia.

luka dvaliSvili. ornaxadi sityvis WaSniki. quTaisi: `xomli~, 2014

wignSi Tavmoyrilia 2009-2014 wlebSi gamoqveynebuli li-teraturuli werilebi, eseebi, narkvevebi. mkiTxvelis sam-sjavroze gamotanilia Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis, XIX-XX sau-kuneebisa da Tanamedrove erovnul literaturaSi mimdinare problemebis sakiTxebi.

wigni mniSvnelovania rogorc studentebisaTvis, peda-gogebisaTvis, iseve, XIX-XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriiT dainteresebul mkiTxvelTa farTo sazogadoebisaTvis.

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sarCevi

guram rCeuliSvili _ 80

manana kvaWantiraZeguram rCeuliSvilis teqsti 50-iani wlebis realobis konteqstSi............................................3

nona kupreiSvili rCeula....................................................................................................24

lali avalianiguram rCeuliSvilis `sikvdili mTebSi~Tema da variaciebi.............................................................................35

manana kvataiamega-samyaro minimalisturi konturebiT................................47

maka joxaZeguram rCeuliSvilis erTi moTxrobis gamo(baTareka WinWarauli)......................................................................56

maia jaliaSviliguram rCeuliSvilis narativi......................................................65

amiran arabulimTasa da zRvas Sua..............................................................................78

konstantine bregaZeGguram rCeuliSvilis àntiistorizmi~ da antisabWoTa/antikoloniuri diskursi novelaSi _ `skolidan gamovardnili bavSvebi~.............................................88

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veqtorebi

Tamar CixlaZefentezis paradoqsi anu fentezi gadaarCens literaturas?............................................97

gia arganaSvilisaaTSi CarCenili dro.....................................................................103

ada nemsaZe80-iani wlebis qarTuli moTxroba.............................................117

Tamaz vasaZekritikuli etiudebiepoqebis cvla....................................................................................137

anuki imnaiSvilikidev erTxel meoce saukunelTa savaneSi..............................147

miranda tyeSelaSvilies Cveni istoriaa(guram gegeSiZe _ 80)......................................................................153

Tamila daviTaZegroteski da ironia frederik begbederis SemoqmedebaSi(„99 franki“ _ romani-protesti Tu begbederis aRsareba?).............................................................168

Jaklin siraZemistikuri Tvali(emzar kvitaiSvilis Semoqmedeba)..............................................178

xelovneba

xaTuna xabulianikonteqstebis gadakveTazegia eZgveraZis ramdenime proeqtis Sesaxeb............................194

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levan WotorliSviliJil deliozi da kino rogorc moZraobis metafizika...................................................214

Jurnalistika manana SamiliSvilizurab qarumiZis kreolizebuli mediateqstebi....................................................................................237

memoriA

saba metrevelimonanie martosuli irakli abaSiZe _ 105.......................................................................257

nomris stumari

guram doCanaSvili _ 75maamebluri arasodes araferi damiweria!..................................272

eSSAY

zaza firaliSviliramdenime fragmenti vaJas Sesaxeb............................................278

gamoTxoveba

maia jaliaSvilisityvebad qceuli dro...................................................................298

mrgvali magida..................................................................................306

wignebi 2013 .........................................................................................347

Documents

kritika - dspace.nplg.gov.gedspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/141232/1/Kritika_2014_N9.pdf · rCeuliSvilis teqstebSi kodirebuli informacia rTuli, kombinirebuli xasiaTisaa. igi Sedgeba