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Aplikasi Komputer : Computer Assisted Audit Techniques

IT Audit Caats Method Caats Selection ACL Software Matrikulasi MM Perbankan

Farida Hermana

Audit Data

Teknik Audit IT

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data3

The Audit Process co#ponents

• S1 Audit Charter 4 engage#ent etter6 1 January 2005• S5 Panning 1 January 2005• S$ Perfor#ance of Audit %ork 1 January 2005• S& 'eporting 1 January 2005• S( )oo*+,p Acti-ities 1 January 2005

Supporting standards

• S2 Independence 1 January 2005• S3 Professiona !thics and Standards 1 January 2005• S" Co#petence 1 January 2005• S. Irreguarities and Iega Acts 1 Septe#/er 2005• S10 IT o-ernance 1 Septe#/er 2005• S11 ,se of 'isk Assess#ent in Audit Panning 1 o-e#/er 2005• S12 Audit ateriaity 1 Juy 200$• S13 ,sing the %ork of ther !xperts 1 Juy 200$• S1" Audit !-idence 1 Juy 200$• S15 IT Contros 1)e/ruary 200(

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

Audit Techni7ues 4genera6• 'e-ie* of the syste# of

interna contro

•Anaytica 'e-ie*

• 'econciiations

• !xterna docu#ents andrecords

• or#s8 standards and industry

statistics• !xistence -erification

• Infor#ation of audittee

• ther – Attestae de -ita

– egati-e -erification ofo/igations

– State#ents9opinions of other4audit6 professionas

– Third party Judge#ent

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

IT Audit techni7uesAudit techniques• Co#puter Assisted Audit Techni7ues 4CAATs6• Audit Sa#ping• !ffect of Per-asi-e IS Contros• ,se of 'isk Assess#ent in Audit Panning• Co#puter )orensics

IT Management and Governance• IT o-ernance Syste# :e-eop#ent ;ife Cyce

4S:;C6 'e-ie*• utsourcing of IS Acti-ities• Post+i#pe#entation 'e-ie*

IT Infrastructure related•

4ICT6 irtua Pri-ate et*orks

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA IS Auditing uideines 416• 01 ,sing the %ork of ther !xperts 4P:)8 50?6 ar 200(• 02 Audit !-idence 'e7uire#ent 4P:)8 50?6 ar 200(• 03 ,se of Co#puter+Assisted Audit Techni7ues 4P:)8 5.?6

ar 200(• 0" utsourcing of IS Acti-ities to ther rganisations 4P:)8

5"?6 ar 200(• 05 Audit Charter 4P:)8 "&?6 )e/ 200(• 0$ ateriaity Concepts for Auditing Infor#ation Syste#s

4P:)8 55?6 ar 200(

• 0& :ue Professiona Care 4P:)8 "5?6 ar 200(• 0( Audit :ocu#entation 4P:)8 "&?6 ar 200(• 0. Audit Considerations for Irreguarities 4P:)8 &3?6 Aug 200(• 10 Audit Sa#ping 4P:)8 55?6 o- 1...

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA IS Auditing uideines 426• 11 !ffect of Per-asi-e IS Contros 4P:)8 13"?6 o- 1...

• 12 rganisationa 'eationship and Independence 4P:)8 ".?6ay 2000

• 13 ,se of 'isk Assess#ent in Audit Panning 4P:)8 5$?6 ay 2000

• 1" Appication Syste#s 'e-ie* 4P:)8 3"?6 Ju 2001

• 15 Panning 4P:)8 35?6 o- 2001

• 1$ !ffect of Third Parties on an rganisation@s IT Contros 4P:)81""?6 o- 2001

• 1& !ffect of onaudit 'oe on the IS Auditor@s Independence 4P:)81"0?6 Apr 2002

• 1( IT o-ernance 4P:)8 1"5?6 Apr 2002

• 20 'eporting 4P:)8 133?6 ct 2002

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA IS Auditing uideines 436• 21 !nterprise 'esource Panning 4!'P6 Syste#s 'e-ie* 4P:)8

11"?6 Aug 2003• 22

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA IS Auditing uideines 4"6• 30 Co#petence 4P:)8 1"5?6 )e/ 2005

• 31 Pri-acy 4P:)8 1.2?6 Jun 2005

• 32

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA IS Auditing Procedures• P01 IS 'isk Assess#ent easure#ent 4P:)8 23&?6 Apr 2002

• P02 :igita Signatures 4P:)8 1&$?6 ay 2002

• P03 Intrusion :etection 4P:)8 1$(?6 ay 2003

• P0" >iruses and ther aicious ;ogic 4P:)8 22&?6 ay 2003

• P05 Contro 'isk Sef+assess#ent 4P:)8 1$$?6 ay 2003

• P0$ )ire*as 4P:)8 2"(?6 ay 2003

• P0& Irreguarities and Iega Acts 4P:)8 201?6 ct 2003

•

P0( Security Assess#ent + Penetration Testing and >unera/iityAnaysis 4P:)8 221?6 )e/ 200"

• P0. !-auation of anage#ent Contros -er !ncryptionethodoogies 4P:)8 1&0?6 Apr 200"

• P10

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA Audit progra#s 416•

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA Audit progra#s 426• eCo##erce Security Seection B Identification of Trading Partners

4:C8 2?6 ct 2000• eneric Appication 'e-ie* 4:C8 2?6 Sep 2001• Identity anage#ent 4:C8 2?6 )e/ 200"• Incident anding 4:C8 2?6 Ju 200"• ;inux Security8 Audit and Contro )eatures Sep 200$• race :ata/ase 4:C8 2?6 Aug 200"•

race !+

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

ISACA Audit progra#s 436• SAP '+3 4:C8 2?6 )e/ 200$

• Securing the et*ork Peri#eter 4:C8 2?6 ay 2003

• Security Pro-isioning 4P:)8 &2?6 ay 2003• Softser-e Internet Ser-ices 4P:)8 225?6 :ec 200"

• Soft*are ;icensing 4:C8 2?6 Sep 2001

• Syste#s :e-eop#ent ;ife Cyce 4S:;C6 4:C8 2?6 Sep 2001

•

Teephone anage#ent irtua Pri-ate et*orking 4:C8 2?6 Aug 200"

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

"#$%&' CAATs GThree t)!esG :ata testingG Syste#s testingG Infor#ation #odeing and anaysis securityH

2ther considerations *hen to use addressing and reso-ing technica issues ensuring integrity of the CAAT process8 incuding security o-er the CAAT soft*are8 the fie of seected ite#s and the seection processH

CAAT panning issues8 data retention8 data integrity and co#peteness8 pri-acy andconfidentiaity concerns8 the re#o-a of fies or seected records to the auditorFs co#puter and potentiay

offsiteH use of CAATs in -arious en-iron#ents8 incuding continuous auditing&

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

Audit of Infor#ation Syste#s4Appication syste#sH 1"6

• Panning

•Perfor#ance of Audit %ork

• 'eporting

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F id H

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data

Audit of Infor#ation Syste#s

lanning considerations

An integra part of panning is understanding the organisation3s informations)stem environment to a sufficient extent for the IS auditor to deter#ine

–

the siDe and co#pexity of the syste#s and – the extent of the organisationFs dependence on infor#ation syste#sH The IS auditor shoud

gain an understanding of the organisationFs #ission and /usiness o/=ecti-es8

– the e-e and #anner in *hich infor#ation technoogy and infor#ation syste#s are used tosupport the organisation8 and

– the risks and exposures associated *ith the organisationFs o/=ecti-es and its infor#ationsyste#sH

Aso8 an understanding of the organisationa structure incuding roes andresponsi/iities of key IS staff and the /usiness process o*ner of the appicationsyste# shoud /e o/tainedH

F id H

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data


lanning considerations a!!lication level ris4s

Appication e-e risks at the syste# and data e-e incude such things as

– Syste# availa-ilit) risks reating to the ack of syste# operationa capa/iity

– Syste# securit) risks reating to unauthorised access to syste#s and9or data

– Syste# integrit) risks reating to the inco#pete8 inaccurate8 unti#ey8 orunauthorised processing of data

– Syste# maintaina-ilit) risks reating to the ina/iity to update the syste# *henre7uired in a #anner that continues to pro-ide for syste# a-aia/iity8 security8 andintegrity

– Data risks reating to its co#peteness8 integrity8 confidentiaity8 pri-acy andaccuracy

Farida Hermana

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data


lanning considerations A!!lication controls

Appication contros to address the appication e-e risks #ay /e in

the for# of

– co#puterised contros /uit into the syste#8 – #anuay perfor#ed contros8

– or a co#/ination of /othH

!xa#pes incude – the co#puterised #atching of docu#ents 4purchase order8 in-oiceand goods recei-ed report68

– the checking and signing of a co#puter generated che7ue and

– the re-ie* /y senior #anage#ent of exception reportsH

A lik i K C A i d A di T h iFarida Hermana

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data


lanning considerations General IT Controls%here the option to pace reiance on progra##ed contros is taken8ree-ant genera IT contros shoud /e considered8 as *e as controsspecificay ree-ant to the audit o/=ecti-eH

enera IT contros coud /e the su/=ect of a separate re-ie*8 *hich*oud incude such things as

– physica contros8

– syste# e-e security8 – net*ork #anage#ent8 – data /ackup – contingency panning


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Farida Hermana

Audit Data


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Farida Hermana

Audit Data


lanning considerations 5hen and 5hatAppication syste# re-ie*s can /e perfor#ed – *hen a package appication syste# is /eing e-auated for ac7uisition8 – /efore the appication syste# goes into production 4pre+i#pe#entation6 – after the appication syste# has gone into production 4post+i#pe#entation6H

re6im!lementation appication syste# review co-erage incudes – the architecture of appication e-e security8 – pans for the i#pe#entation of security8 – the ade7uacy of syste# and user docu#entation –

the ade7uacy of actua or panned user acceptance testingH

ost6im!lementation review co-erage incudes – appication e-e security after i#pe#entation – #ay co-er syste# con-ersion if there has /een a transfer of data and #asterfie

infor#ation fro# the od to the ne* syste#


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Farida Hermana

Audit Data


3H P!')'AC! ) A,:IT %'?

•3H1 :ocu#enting the )o* of Transactions

• 3H2 Identifying and Testing the Appication

Syste# Contros

"H '!P'TI

• "H1 %eaknesses

A lik i K t C t A i t d A dit T h iFarida Hermana

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Farida Hermana

Audit Data


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IT Audit Caats Method Caats Selection ACL Software Matrikulasi MM Perbankan Audit Data

Configuration Management Data Base


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Infor#ation Criteria

– !ffecti-eness

– !fficiency

– Confidentiaity

– Integrity 4 co#petenesscorrectness ti#einess authoriDation6

– A-aia/iity

– Co#piance

– 'eia/iity of Infor#ation

• /=ecti-es shoud /e de-eoped to address the & C

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Audit of the :ata Center 9 ICT infrastructure

• ;ogica access contro

• Soft*are change #anage#ent

•

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Audit of ogica access controenera Access Path Three parts

- Identification

- Authentication

- Autorisation

User

Data communication software

Transaction software

Application software

Data access methods

Data

Aplikasi Komputer : Computer Assisted Audit TechniquesFarida Hermana

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Four commonl) used sam!ling methods&

Statistical sam!ling methods

7andom sam!ling K!nsures that a co#/inations of sa#ping units in the popuation ha-eane7ua chance of seection

S)stematic sam!ling KIn-o-es seecting sa#ping units using a fixed inter-a /et*een

seections8 the first inter-a ha-ing a rando# startH!xa#pes incude

6Monetar) 1nit Sam!ling

68alue 5eighted selection *here each indi-idua #onetary -aue4eHgH8 L16 in the popuation is gi-en an e7ua chance of seectionH As theindi-idua #onetary unit cannot ordinariy /e exa#ined separatey8 theite# *hich incudes that #onetary unit is seected for exa#inationHThis #ethod syste#aticay *eights the seection in fa-our of the argera#ounts /ut sti gi-es e-ery #onetary -aue an e7ua opportunity forseectionH

Another exa#pe incudes seectingever) 9nth sam!ling unit

:onstatistical sam!ling methods

Ha!ha;ard sam!ling KThe IS auditor seects the sa#pe *ithout foo*ing a structuredtechni7ue8 *hie a-oiding any conscious /ias or predicta/iityH o*e-er8anaysis of a haphaDard sa#pe shoud not /e reied upon to for# aconcusion on the popuation

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Standard S'+ on IT C2:T72LS

%" The IS auditor should evaluate and monitor IT controls that are an integral

!art of the internal control environment of the organisation&

%* The IS auditor should assist management -) !roviding advice regarding the

design= im!lementation= o!eration and im!rovement of IT controls&

Commentar)

• anage#ent is accounta/e for the interna contro en-iron#ent of anorganisation incuding IT controsH

• IT contros are co#prised of genera IT contros8 *hich incude – per-asi-e IT contros8

– detaied IT contros and – appication contros8

• and refer to contros o-er the ac7uisition8 i#pe#entation8 dei-ery andsupport of IT syste#s and ser-icesH


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IT Contros• General IT controls

– are contros that #ini#ise risk to the o-era functioning of the

organisationFs IT syste#s and infrastructure and to a /road set of

auto#ated soutions 4appications6H• A!!lication controls

– are a set of contros e#/edded *ithin appicationsH

• ervasive IT controls

– are genera IT contros that are designed to #anage and #onitor the ITen-iron#ent and8 therefore8 affect a IT+reated acti-itiesH

• Detailed IT controls

– are #ade up of appication contros pus those genera IT contros not

incuded in per-asi-e IT controsH


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Contro processes• are the poicies8 procedures and acti-ities

• that are part of a contro en-iron#ent8

• designed to ensure that risks are contained *ithin the risktoerances esta/ished /y the risk #anage#ent processH

C

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:AT :ata Anaysis Techni7ues8Continous Auditing8 n ine Auditing

•The IS auditor shoud consider the use of dataanaysis techni7ues – incuding the use of continuous assurance8

• *hich ao*s IS auditors to #onitor syste# reia/iity on a

continuous /asis and• to gather seecti-e audit e-idence through the co#puter

*hen re-ie*ing IT contros


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A!!ro!riate ,vidence

G Incudes the procedures as perfor#ed /y the auditor• Incudes the resuts of procedures perfor#ed /y the IS

auditor• Incudes source docu#ents 4in either eectronic or paper

for#at68 records and corro/orating infor#ation used tosupport the audit

• Incudes findings and resuts of the audit *ork• :e#onstrates that the *ork *as perfor#ed and co#pies

*ith appica/e a*s8 reguations and poicies

7elia-le ,vidence

In genera ter#s8 audit e-idence reia/iity is greater *hen it is• In *ritten for#8 rather than ora expressions

• /tained fro# independent sources• /tained /y the IS auditor rather than fro# the entity

/eing audited• Certified /y an independent party• ?ept /y an independent party

Sufficient ,vidence

• The e-idence can /e considered sufficient if itsupports a the #ateria 7uestions to the audito/=ecti-e and scopeH

• Audit e-idence shoud /e o/=ecti-e and sufficientto ena/e a 7uaified independent party toreperfor# the tests and o/tain the sa#e resutsHThe e-idence shoud /e co##ensurate *ith the#ateriaity of the ite# and the risks in-o-edH

• Sufficiency is a #easure of the 7uantity of audite-idence8 *hie appropriateness is the #easure of

the 7uaity of the audit e-idence8 and they areinterreatedH In this context8 *hen infor#ationo/tained fro# the organisation is used /y the IS

•03 The IS auditor should obtain sufficient and appropriate audit eidence to dra! reasonableconclusions on !hich to base the audit results"

• 0# The IS auditor should ealuate the sufficienc$ of audit eidence obtained durin% the audit"

Audit ,vidence> A!!ro!riate= 7elia-le and Sufficient ?IS standard '*@


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/tain audit e-idenceThe IS auditor can o/tain the audit e-idence /y

• Inspection

• /ser-ation• In7uiry and confir#ation

• 'eperfor#ance

• 'ecacuation

• Co#putation• Anaytica procedures

• ther generay accepted #ethods


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Audit :ocu#entation Potentia ,sesPotentia uses of docu#entation incude8 /ut are not i#ited to

• :e#onstration of the extent to *hich the IS auditor has co#pied *ith the IS AuditingStandards

•:e#onstration of audit perfor#ance to #eet re7uire#ents as per the audit charter

• Assistance *ith panning8 perfor#ance and re-ie* of audits

• )aciitation of third+party re-ie*s

• !-auation of the IS auditing functionFs NA progra##e

• Support in circu#stances such as insurance cai#s8 fraud cases8 disputes and a*suits

• Assistance *ith professiona de-eop#ent of staff


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Audit docu#entation Ta/e of Contents:ocu#entation shoud incude8 at a #ini#u#8 a record of

• 'e-ie* of pre-ious audit docu#entation

• The panning and preparation of the audit scope and o/=ecti-esH IS auditors #ust ha-e anunderstanding of the industry8 /usiness do#ain8 /usiness process8 product8 -endor supportand o-era en-iron#ent under re-ie*H

• inutes of #anage#ent re-ie* #eetings8 audit co##ittee #eetings and other audit+reated#eetings

• The audit progra##e and audit procedures that *i satisfy the audit o/=ecti-es

• The audit steps perfor#ed and audit e-idence gathered to e-auate the strengths and*eakness of contros

• The audit findings8 concusions and reco##endations

• Any report issued as a resut of the audit *ork • Super-isory re-ie*


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The extent of the IS auditorFs docu#entation depends on the

needs for a particuar audit and shoud incude such things as• SC2,> The IS auditor3s understanding of the areas to -e audited and its

environmentH

• The IS auditor3s understanding of the information !rocessing s)stems and theinternal control environment incuding the – Contro en-iron#ent

– Contro procedures – :etection risk assess#ent – Contro risk assess#ent – !7uate tota risk

• The author and source of the audit documentation and the date of its co#petion

• Methods used to assess ade7uacy of contro8 existence of contro *eakness or ack of contros8and identifyco#pensating contros

• Audit evidence8 the source of the audit docu#entation and the date of co#petion8 incuding – Com!liance tests8 *hich are /ased on test poicies8 procedures and segregation duties – Su-stantive tests8 *hich are /ased on anaytic procedures8 detaied test accounts /aances and other su/stanti-e

audit procedures

• Ac4nowledgement fro# appropriate person of recei!t of audit report and findings

• Auditee3s res!onse to recommendations

• 8ersion control8 especiay *here docu#entation is in eectronic #edia


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IT Audit :

&" Arround The Computer '" Throu%h The Computer

3" (ith The Computer

))""s Audit Conentional *

&" +e,ak Audit

'" Kesera%aman Transaksi

3" Pemisahan tu%as

#" -esiko

." Manfaat

er-edaan>

ersamaan>&" /efinisi Auditin%

'" Auditor

3" Tu,uan Audit

#" pini Auditor

." 1orma Pemeriksaan

Computer Assisted Audit

Techniques 2CAATs

Atau

Teknik Audit

4erbantuan Komputer2TA4K • Catatan 4ronologis dari !enggunaan

sum-er da)a sistem

• Menca4u! user login= a4ses file= -er-agai

a4tifitas lain= dan a!a4ah ada !elanggaran

Paperless

P a p e r b a s e

d


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Lembar Kerja Pemeriksaan Arround The Computer

• Apakah kebijaksanaan pengamanan penggunaan

aplikasi telah memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip

umum kontrol aplikasi yang meliputi :

• Pemisahaan tugas …….antara … pengguna,

operasi, dan pengembangan Y/T

• Penggunaan … hanya …. yang berwenang Y/T

• enjamin …. data … telah di!alidasi

Y/T

• enjamin … data yang ditrans"er benar dan

lengkap Y/T

• Tersedianya jejak audit yang memadai serta

penelaahan oleh pihak yang berwenang Y/T

• Tersedianya prosedur restart dan re#o!ery Y/T

Contoh>


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Through The Computer

Application Program

Operating System

Hardware

Communication

Control Program

atabase

!anagement

System

"n#rastructure

$power% teleccomunication% etc&

'ser Pro#ile

Target Pemeriksaan


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Lembar Kerja Pemeriksaan Through The $omputer

Transa#tion %orksheet

A. &nput $ontrol '

(. Pro#essing $ontrol '

$. )rror $orre#tion '

*. +utput $ontrol '

). )nd *o#umentation '

. Authoriation '

. e#urity '

0. eparation o" *uties '

&. ile aintenan#e '

System (

Sub System (

Transaction (

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p p p q


Karakteristik pemilihan CAATs tools adalah :

,ase of use ,ase of data eBtraction

The a-ilit) to access a wide variet) of data files fromdifferent !latforms The a-ilit) to integrate data with different format The a-ilit) to define fields and select from standard

formats

Menu6driven functionalit) for !rocessing anal)sis

commands Sim!lified quer) -uilding and ad0ustments Logging features


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p p p q


5hat is data

• aria/e+;ength 'ecords• :ata is Infor#ation

Contoh data file eBtensions>

Hfi8 Htxt8 Hdat8 Hcs-8 H*ks8 Hxs8 Hdoc8 H*pd8 Hd/f8 H#d/8

datasets 4#ainfra#e68 Hd/2 4#ainfra#e6


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p p p q


How to Access the Data Mainframe: ,se data extract utiities 4iHeH JC;9SOCS'T6 to access the

data and do*noad it in an ASCII+co#pati/e for#at for further anaysis on

your PCH

racle or other relational databases from =mid>ran%e? computers> 'un a

7uery 4SN;6 to extract the ree-ant data and copy it do*n to an ASCII+co#pati/e for#atH r8 so#e data/ase appications8 such as race and

PeopeSoft8 ha-e data extract or reporting utiities that you can run *ithout

the need to ask for assistance fro# your IS :epart#ent 4as ong as

appropriate e-es of access ha-e /een granted6H

/ata (arehouses@

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7lat Sequential

/base

Te6t

/elimited

Print 7iles

/4C

Tape

Misaln)a > nama terdiri dari nama awal dan namaa4hir& Alamat terdiri dari alamat' dan alamat(

Tipe data $an% diterima AC

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p p p q


Audit Command

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An AC< document contains batches; input file definitions;

inde6es; ie!s; and !orkspaces and their specified

formats" The computeried data and information that AC<

anal$es is called a data file" The data files neer chan%e"

The components sho!n in the document bo6 belo! are the

elements that $ou create and manipulate

The AC< /ocument


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Menu 4ar


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4utton 4ar

The button bar proides quick access tocommonl$ used commands and menu options"

8ach icon is linked to an option on an AC<

menu and represents a specific task $ou can

perform"


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• AC; https99***Hyoutu/eHco#9*atchR-f&?t#&!+O%,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fG7KtBiZxWYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fG7KtBiZxWYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe3G0ah06gghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe3G0ah06gghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe3G0ah06gghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe3G0ah06gghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fG7KtBiZxWYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fG7KtBiZxWY

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