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Pneumocystis

carinii

Deadly AIDS Opportunist

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Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP) adalah

penyakit opportunis yang timbul terutama padapenderita immunodeficiency.(HIV)

.

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Pneumocystis carinii termasuk golongan jamur

rRNA sequences

thymidylate synthase

dihydrofolate reductase beta tubulin

mitochondrial DNA

chitin in the cell wall

O E Eriksson has a treatise which places Pcariniiin a new family,

Pneumocystidaceae, and in a new order,

Pneumocystidales (Ascomycota).

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Lingkaran hidup :

. Sporozoites excyst through breaks in the cyst

wall and then are termed trophozoites. Kistaberisi 8 trofozoit. Cara berkembang biak belum

jelas

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Cara infeksi belum jelas, karena P cariniihanyaditemukan pada paru paru.inhalasi. Airborne

transmission has been demonstrated in

animals. In most individuals, the organism is

dormant and sparsely dispersed in the lung,

with no apparent host response (latent

infection). In susceptible

(immunocompromised) hosts, the organismoccurs in massive numbers.

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Penularan :

1. Airborn infection2. Transplasenta

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With rare exceptions, P carinni causes disease

only when natural mechanisms of host defenseare compromised. Pneumonitis tends to occur

in patients with impaired cell-mediated

immunity, and it is a major infection in patients

with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS). Severe protein-calorie malnutrition

alone may provoke the disease.

Immunosuppressive drugs used for cancer or

organ transplantation render the individual

susceptible to P carinii pneumonitis.

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Pneumocystis cariniiditemukan pada paru-parutikus, kelinci,mencit, anjing, kambing, domba,

ferrets, chimpanzees, guinea pigs, horses, and

monkeys. Penularan dari binatang ke

binatangairborne route has beendemonstrated. 70 % manusia sehat

mengandung humoral antibody terhadap P

carinii, subclinical infection must be highly

prevalent.

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Tachypnea and fever are consistent features of

the pneumonitis, and diffuse bilateral alveolardisease can be observed by radiography.

Diagnosis requires the identification of P carinii

in pulmonary tissue or lower airway fluids.

Such specimens may be obtained by lungbiopsy, inducement of sputum, bronchoalveolar

lavage, or needle aspiration of the lung. The

Gomori, Giemsa, fluorescence-labelled

antibody, or toluidine blue O stains may beused to identify the organism.

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Pneumocystis carinii

Title: EM Image of Pneumocystis carinii

Disease(s): Pneumocystis pneumoniaLegend: An electron micrograph of P. cariniicyst from rat lung tissue.

Genus/Species: Pneumocystis cariniiImage Type: Microscopic Morphology

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Pneumocystis carinii

Title: Pneumocystis carinii-infected

Rat Lung TissueDisease(s): Pneumocystis pneumonia

Legend: An H&E stain of a rat lung infected with P. carinii. It does not show any organisms, but shows the

proteinaceous exudate which results from Pneumocystisinfection, and ultimately causes reduced gas exchange.

Genus/Species: Pneumocystis cariniiImage Type: Microscopic Morphology

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Pneumocystis carinii

Title: Pneumocystis cariniiSilver Stain

Disease(s): Pneumocystis pneumonia

Legend: A silver stain of P. cariniicysts from rat lung tissue showing the typical 'deflated ball' shape.

Genus/Species: Pneumocystis cariniiImage Type: Microscopic Morphology

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Pneumocystis carinii

Title: EM Image of Pneumocystis cariniiDisease(s): Pneumocystis pneumonia

Legend: An electron micrograph of a P. cariniitroph from rat lung tissue, showing its bindingto a type I pneumocyte.

Genus/Species: Pneumocystis cariniiImage Type: Microscopic Morphology

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ww.doctorfungus

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Four drugs currently available for therapy of

P cariniipneumonitis are:

pentamidine isethionate

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

atovaquone trimetrevate

Trimethoprim-

sulfamethoxazoleispreferred because of

its low toxicity and greater efficacy.

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Information obtained from:

UTMB Graduate School of

Biomedical Sciences

http://gsbs.utmb.edu

Dr Fungus

http://www.doctorfungus.org

HIV Insitehttp://hivinsite.ucsf.edu