1
C a r l s b e r g R i d g e Arabian Basin Somali Basin Guinea Basin Sierra Leone Basin C a n a r y B a s i n M i d - A t l a n t i c R i d g e West European Basin Gulf of Suez Gulf of Aqaba English Channel Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a Aegean Sea Black Sea Aral Sea Sea of Azov Gulf of Oman Gulf of Aden R e d S e a Arabian Sea Bight of Benin Gulf of Guinea North Atlantic Ocean Adriatic Sea P e r s i a n G u l f Caspian Sea Loire Rhône Tagus Duero Ebro Po Seine Shannon Weser Danube Danube Elbe Oder Pripet Dnieper Don Volga Ural Kür Syr Darya Ishim Euphrates Tigris Dniester Buh G a ron n e G u a d alqui v i r V i s t u l a K i z il I r m a k N il e W h i t e N i l e B l ue N il e Congo C o n g o Kasa i L u a l a b a Uba n g u i U e l e N i g e r Nige r B e n u e B la c k V o l t a Chari Chott Melghir Lake Kyoga Lake Rudolf Lake Taria Lake Nasser Lake Chad Lake Volta Lake Tanganyika Lake Victoria Lake Van Lake Urmia Lake Tuz Dead Sea Rhine Corsica Sardinia Sicily Crete B al e aric Is l . Socotra Yemen Madeira Portugal Canary Islands Spain A z o r e s P o rtu g al Mecca Meknès Marrakech Las Palmas Funchal Casablanca Oran Tamenghest Annaba Sousse Sfax Constantine Benghazi Alexandria Aswan Omdurman Wad Madani Kassala al-Ubayyid Hargeysa Mombasa Kisangani Sekondi Timbuktu Buchanan St-Louis Fdérik Bandundu Bambari Bouar Pointe Noire Port Gentil Lambaréné Douala Ibadan Yamoussoukro Bobo-D. Gorom-G. Kano Agadez Suez Fès Medina Aden Wroc‡aw Gdañsk Kraków Kharkiv Donets'k Rostov-on-Don Volgograd Saratov Voronezk Orenburg Magnitogorsk Samara ]viv Odesa Dnipropetrovs'k Istanbul Bursa Samarkand Qandahàr Heràt Quetta Karàchi Izmir Tabrìz Hamadàn Bàkhtaràn Esfahàn Àbàdàn Mashhad Bandar-e'Abbàs Bordeaux Rotterdam Bristol Cardiff Cork Birmingham Toulouse Nantes Leipzig Frankfurt Dusseldorf Munich Barcelona Valencia Sevilla Ponta Delgada Bilbao Porto Málaga Florence Naples Aleppo Basra Tel Aviv-Jaffa Homs Edirne Palermo Salonika Turin Milan Hamburg Genoa Lyon Marseille Astrachan' Elista Nal'{ik Macha{kala Groznyj Krasnodar Majkop Penza Orel Kustanaj Orsk Kzyl-Orda Nukus Mary Krasnovodsk Ural'sk Aterau Hendaye Athens Paris Luxembourg Andorra Vaduz Valletta London Dublin Madrid Abuja Lisbon Rabat Algiers Tunis Tripoli Cairo Khartoum Addis Ababa Nairobi Kampala Kinshasa Lagos Abidjan Bamako Monrovia Freetown Conakry Dakar Praia Nouakchott Banjul Bissau Porto Novo Lome Accra Ouagadougou Yaoundé N'Djamena Niamey Bangui Brazzaville Libreville Bata Kigali Bujumbura Djibouti Asmera Mogadishu Bern Brussel Amsterdam Berlin Warsaw Minsk Kiev Prague Bratislava Budapest Ljubljana Zagreb Sarajevo Tiranë Ankara Damascus Baghdad Riyadh Manama Doha Kuwait Abu Dhabi Sana Muscat Tehran Ashkabad Amman Beirut Jerusalem Nicosia Tbilisi Baku Yerevan Skopje Sofia Bucharest Belgrade Vienna Rome Kishinev CAPE VERDE NIGERIA BURUNDI RWANDA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES QATAR BAHRAIN HUNGARY MOLDOVA CZECH REP. AUSTRIA SLOVAKIA NETHER- LANDS FRANCE UNITED- KINGDOM IRELAND WALES GERMANY BELARUS UKRAINE GEORGIA AZERBAIJAN CYPRUS AZER. SYRIA IRAQ KUWAIT SAUDI ARABIA I R A N AFGHANISTAN TURKMENISTAN KAZAKHSTAN UZBEKISTAN PAKISTAN JORDAN LEBANON ISRAEL POLAND ROMANIA SLOVENIIA YUGOSLAVIA ALBANIA MACEDONIA BOSNIA & HERZEG. ITALY MALTA GREECE SPAIN ANDORRA MONACO VATICAN CITY SAN MARINO LIECHTENSTEIN BELGIUM LUXEMBOURG TURKEY SEYCHELLES ALGERIA L I B Y A EGYPT SUDAN E T H I O P I A KENYA TANZANIA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC UGANDA CONGO CAMEROON CHAD GHANA MALI BURKINA FASO GUINEA SENEGAL WESTERN SAHARA MAURITANIA IVORY COAST SIERRA LEONE GAMBIA GABON NIGER EQUAT. GUINEA SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE GUINEA BISSAU DJIBOUTI PORTUGAL SWITZERLAND CROATIA BULGARIA TUNISIA ARMENIA OMAN OMAN YEMEN ERITREA SOMALIA MOROCCO LIBERIA TOGO BENIN Kilimanjaro 5895 m Mt Kenya 5199 m Ras Dashen Terara 4620 m Mt Sham 3035 m Emi Koussi 3415 m Tahat 2908 m Djebel Marra 3088 m Mt Toubkal 4165 m Mulhacén 3482 m Etna 3323 m Mt Elbrus 5642 m Demavend 5604 m Mt Blanc 4807 m Musala 2925 m PYRENEES Sa. MORENA CANTABRIAN Mts MASSIF CENTRAL A L P APEN N I NE S C A R P A T H I A N S C A U C A S U S PLATEAU OF IRAN GREAT SALT DESERT KYZYL- KUM KARA-KUM KIRGHIZ STEPPE PINDUS T A U R U S MESOPOTAMIA CENTRAL RUSSIAN UPLANDS Z A G R O S M t s ASIA MINOR ASIR HEJAZ RUB AL-KHALI SYRIAN DESERT BALUCHISTAN UST-URT PLATEAU A T L A S AHAGGAR L I B Y A N D E S E R T TIBESTI DARFUR S A H A R A R I F T V A L L E Y R I F T V A L L E Y NUBIAN DESERT ETHIOPIAN PLATEAU OGADEN ADAMAOUA BALKANS EQUATOR EQUATOR EQUATOR TROPIC OF CANCER TROPIC OF CANCER TROPIC OF CANCER 45 O 30 O 15 O 0 O 45 O 30 O 15 O 0 O 30 O 15 O 0 O 15 O 30 O 45 O 60 O 30 O 15 O 0 O 15 O 30 O 45 O 60 O 0 km 300 600 900 km scale at the Equator Mercator Projection

L IECH T NS North A tlan ic Mt Blanc O Ocean · 2012-03-25 · afgh nist turkme nis a k az hst n uzbekistan p akist n jordan leba no israel po nd sloven ia rom ani yugosl avi alb

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Page 1: L IECH T NS North A tlan ic Mt Blanc O Ocean · 2012-03-25 · afgh nist turkme nis a k az hst n uzbekistan p akist n jordan leba no israel po nd sloven ia rom ani yugosl avi alb

C

a

rl

sb

e

rg

R

id

ge

ArabianBasin

SomaliBasin

Guinea B a s i n

Sierra LeoneBasin

C a n a r y B

a s i n

Mi d

-A

t la

nt i

c R

i dg

e

West European Basin

Gulfof Suez Gulf

of Aqaba

English Channel

Bay ofBiscay

Strait of Gibraltar Me

d i t e r

ra

ne a n S e a

AegeanSea

Black Sea

AralSea

Seaof Azov

Gulf ofOman

Gulf of Aden

Re

d

Se

a Arabian �Sea

Bight ofBenin

G u l f o f G u i n e a

NorthAtlanticOcean Adriatic

Sea

P e r s i a n G u l f

Caspian

Sea

Loire

Rhô

ne

Tagus

Duero

Ebro

Po

Seine

Shan

non

Weser

Danube

Danube

ElbeOder

Pripet

Dnieper

Don

VolgaUral

Kür

Syr Darya

Ishim

Euphrates

Tigris

DniesterBuh

Garonne

Guadalquivir

Vistula

Kizil Irma k

Nile

Whi

te N

ile

Blue N

ile

Congo

Congo

Kasai

Lualaba

Uba

ngui

Uele

Nig er

Niger

Benue Bla

ck V

olta

Chari

ChottMelghir

Lake Kyoga

Lake Rudolf

LakeTaria

LakeNasser

LakeChad

LakeVolta

LakeTanganyika

LakeVictoria

LakeVan

LakeUrmia

LakeTuz

Dead Sea

Rhi

ne

Corsica

Sardinia

Sicily

Crete

Balearic Isl.

SocotraYemen

MadeiraPortugal

Canary Islands Spain

Azores Portugal

Mecca

Meknès

Marrakech

Las Palmas

Funchal

Casablanca

Oran

Tamenghest

Annaba

SousseSfax

Constantine

Benghazi Alexandria

Aswan

Omdurman

Wad Madani

Kassala

al-Ubayyid

Hargeysa

Mombasa

Kisangani

Sekondi

Timbuktu

Buchanan

St-Louis

Fdérik

Bandundu

BambariBouar

Pointe Noire

Port Gentil Lambaréné

Douala

IbadanYamoussoukro

Bobo-D.

Gorom-G.

Kano

Agadez

Suez

Fès

Medina

Aden

Wroc‡aw

Gdañsk

Kraków Kharkiv

Donets'k Rostov-on-Don

Volgograd

SaratovVoronezk Orenburg

MagnitogorskSamara

]viv

Odesa

Dnipropetrovs'k

Istanbul

Bursa Samarkand

Qandahàr

Heràt

Quetta

Karàchi

Izmir Tabrìz

Hamadàn

BàkhtarànEsfahàn

Àbàdàn

Mashhad

Bandar-e'Abbàs

Bordeaux

RotterdamBristolCardiff

CorkBirmingham

Toulouse

Nantes

Leipzig

Frankfurt

Dusseldorf

Munich

Barcelona

Valencia

SevillaPonta Delgada

Bilbao

Porto

Málaga

Florence

Naples

Aleppo

Basra

Tel Aviv-Jaffa

Homs

Edirne

Palermo

Salonika

TurinMilan

Hamburg

Genoa

Lyon

Marseille

Astrachan'Elista

Nal'{ik

Macha{kalaGroznyj

Krasnodar Majkop

PenzaOrel

Kustanaj

Orsk

Kzyl-Orda

Nukus

Mary

Krasnovodsk

Ural'sk

Aterau

Hendaye

Athens

Paris

Luxembourg

Andorra

Vaduz

Valletta

London

Dublin

Madrid

Abuja

Lisbon

Rabat

Algiers Tunis

Tripoli

Cairo

Khartoum

Addis Ababa

Nairobi

Kampala

Kinshasa

LagosAbidjan

Bamako

Monrovia

FreetownConakry

DakarPraia

Nouakchott

Banjul

Bissau

PortoNovo

LomeAccra

Ouagadougou

Yaoundé

N'Djamena

Niamey

Bangui

Brazzaville

Libreville

Bata

Kigali

Bujumbura

Djibouti

Asmera

Mogadishu

Bern

Brussel

Amsterdam BerlinWarsaw

Minsk

KievPrague

BratislavaBudapest

LjubljanaZagreb

Sarajevo

Tiranë Ankara

DamascusBaghdad

Riyadh

Manama

Doha

Kuwait

Abu Dhabi

Sana

Muscat

Tehran

Ashkabad

Amman

Beirut

Jerusalem

Nicosia

Tbilisi

BakuYerevan

SkopjeSofia

BucharestBelgrade

Vienna

Rome

Kishinev

CAPE VERDE

N I G E R I A

BURUNDI

RWANDA

UNITED ARABEMIRATES

QATAR

BAHRAIN

HUNGARY

MOLDOVA

CZECH REP.

AUSTRIA

SLOVAKIA

NETHER-LANDS

FRANCE

U N I T E D -K I N G D O M

I R E L A N D WALES

GERMANY

BELARUS

UKRAINE

GEORGIA

AZERBAIJAN

CYPRUS

AZER.

SYRIA

I R A Q

KUWAIT

SAUDIARABIA

I R A NAFGHANISTAN

TURKMENISTAN

K A Z A K H S T A N

UZBEKISTAN

PAKISTAN

JORDAN

LEBANON

ISRAEL

POLAND

ROMANIASLOVENIIA

YUGOSLAVIA

ALBANIAMACEDONIA

BOSNIA &HERZEG.

ITALY

MALTA

GREECE

S PA I N

ANDORRA

MONACO

VATICANCITY

SANMARINO

LIECHTENSTEIN

BELGIUM

LUXEMBOURG

TURKEY

SEYCHELLES

A L G E R I A

L I B Y A E G Y P T

S U D A N

E T H I O P I A

KENYA

TANZANIA

DEMOCRATICREPUBLIC OF

CONGO

CENTRALAFRICAN REPUBLIC

UGANDACONGO

CAMEROON

C H A D

GHANA

M A L I

BURKINA FASO

GUINEA

SENEGAL

WESTERNSAHARA

M A U R I TA N I A

IVORYCOAST

SIERRALEONE

GAMBIA

GABON

N I G E R

EQUAT.GUINEASAO TOME

AND PRINCIPE

GUINEA BISSAU

DJIBOUTI

PORTUGAL

SWITZERLAND

CROATIA

BULGARIA

TUNISIA

ARMENIA

OMAN

OMAN

YEMENERITREA

SOMALIA

MOROCCO

LIBERIA

TOG

OB

ENIN

Kilimanjaro5895 m

Mt Kenya5199 m

Ras DashenTerara 4620 m

Mt Sham3035 m

Emi Koussi3415 m

Tahat2908 m

Djebel Marra3088 m

Mt Toubkal4165 m

Mulhacén3482 m

Etna3323 m

Mt Elbrus5642 m

Demavend5604 m

Mt Blanc4807 m

Musala2925 m

PYRENEES

Sa. MORENA

CANTABRIAN Mts

MASSIFCENTRAL

A

LP

APENNINES

C A R P A T H

IA

NS

C A U C A S US

P L A T E A UO F I R A N

GREAT SALTDESERT

KYZYL-KUM

KARA-KUM

K I R G H I ZS T E P P E

PINDUS

T A U R U S MESOPOTAMIA

CENTRAL RUSSIANUPLANDS

ZA

G

RO

S

Mt

s

ASIA MINOR

ASIR

HEJAZ

RUB AL-KHALI

SYRIANDESERT

BALUCHISTAN

UST-URTPLATEAU

A

T

LA S

AHAGGAR

L I B

YA

N

DE

SE

RT

TIBESTI

DARFUR

S A H A R A

RI

FT

V

A

LL

EY

RI

FT

V

AL

LE

Y

NUBIANDESERT

ETHIOPIANPLATEAU

OGADENADAMAOUA

B A L K A N S

EQUATOREQUATOR EQUATOR

TROPIC OF CANCERTROPIC OF CANCER TROPIC OF CANCER

45 O

30 O

15 O

0 O

45 O

30 O

15 O

0 O

30 O 15 O 0 O 15 O 30 O 45 O 60 O

30 O 15 O 0 O 15 O 30 O 45 O 60 O

0 km 300 600 900 km

scale at the Equator�Mercator Projection�