Las etapas de la vida, ROMANO GUARDINI

8/19/2019 Las etapas de la vida, ROMANO GUARDINI

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R OMANO GUARDINI

Las etapasde la vida

SU IMPORTANCIA PARALA ÉTICA Y LA PEDAGOGÍA

1983

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INDICE

LAS ETAPAS DE LA VIDA.......................................................................................3SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA ÉTICA Y LA PEDAGOGÍA......................................3Fase y c !"e#" ..............................................................................................................$La %&'a e! e( se! )a"e*! + e( !ac&)&e!" y (a &!,a!c&a..............................................La c*&s&s 'e (a )a'-*ac& !...........................................................................................1$E( / %e!........................................................................................................................1La c*&s&s 'e (a e# e*&e!c&a...........................................................................................E( )ay * 'e e'a'.........................................................................................................32La c*&s&s 'e (a e# e*&e!c&a 'e ( s ( )&"es...................................................................La e*s !a 4-e 5a a *e!'&' 'e (a e# e*&e!c&a...........................................................$6La c*&s&s 'e (a 'e/ac& !................................................................................................$$E( 5 )7*e sa7& ...........................................................................................................$9La e!"*a'a e! (a a!c&a!&'a'.........................................................................................23La e*s !a se!&(...........................................................................................................2Reca &"-(ac& !............................................................................................................. 1LAS ETAPAS DE LA VIDA Y LA FILOSOFÍA....................................................73DE UN CURSO DE ÉTICA....................................................................................... 3DEL ENVEJECER....................................................................................................82UNA C ARLA RADIOF:NICA...............................................................................86

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LAS ETAPAS DE LA VIDA

SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA ÉTICA Y LA PEDAGOGÍA

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FASE Y CONTE;TO

I

La e#&s"e!c&a 5-)a!a se -e'e c !"e) (a* 'es'e )-c5 s -!" s 'e%&s"a+ y -! *as< 'e s- !a"-*a(e=a * &a es 4-e !&!s"* ,e.

N s * !e) s '&*&


6/92

!-e% . As s-ce'e+ * e/e) ( + c ! -!a a*"e 'e( ' a? (a )a a!a+ e()e'& ' a e( a"a*'ece*B c ! -!a -!&'a' 'e ' a y ! c5e *es ec" 'e (a *ece'e!"eB c ! -!a es"ac& ! 'e( a a '&,e*e!c&a 'e (a a!"e*& *B es"e a e!"e* c ) a*a' c ! e( a asa' . E! " ' s es s cas s es"a) s

e! e,ec" a!"e a(< !-e% + a-!4-e s ( sea e! e( se!"&' 'e 4-e (a ,ase 'e(a %&'a e! c-es"& ! es !&ca *4-e ! % (%e*> a 'a*se. La ,ac&(&'a' c4-e 'ec&) s 'e -!a %&'a c !c*e"a 4-e 5a '-*a' "a!" s ' as+ se)a!as+a s es -! e!


7/92

II

Da' 4-e e( es ac& 'e 4-e '&s !e) s es )-y (&)&"a' + "e!'*e) s4-e '&s"&!c"e*+

se -e'e ace!"-a* "a!" 4-e a( 4-e se e!c-e!"*a e! e((a (e *es-("e '&, c&( asa* a (a s&


8/92

"&e) + *4-e a ca-sa 'e a -* s ec ! )&c s "&e!e 4-e "*a7a/a* c-a!')>s 7&e! 'e7e* a es"a* /-!'&, c&( es "e!e* @#&" e! esa e) *esa se ! s )-es"*a -!a y "*a %e= e! * ces e'-ca"&% ? * e/e) ( + c-a!' -! a'-(" e#&


9/92

I!"e!"e) s a5 *a !e* 'e *e(&e%e ( ec-(&a* 'e (as '&,e*e!"es ,ases.Les *-e< 4-e ! 'e/e! 'e "e!e* e! c-e!"a -!a c sa. E( )a*c 4-e

! s %&e!e 'a' ! ! s e*)&"e es"a7(ece* ,&!as '&s"&!c& !es+ s&!"e!'*e) s 4-e "*a=a* (as *es ec"&%as &)>


10/92

LA IDA EN EL SENO MATERNO+ EL NACIMIENTO Y LA INFANCIA

IC )e!ce) s 'esc*&7&e!' (a , *)a 'e %&'a &!,a!"&(. Da' 4-e ya !

s ) s !& s+ "e!e) s (e!a c !c&e!c&a 'e (as s&7&(&'a'es 'e e4-&% ca 4-e es"> e# -es" e( a'-(" e! *e(ac& ! c ! s- * &a &!,a!c&a? @s"a ,a)&(&a* a (a a* 4-e a/e!aB se ac-e*'a 'e e((a+ e* "a)7&@! (a 5a (%&' * ( 4-e c **e e(&


11/92

La *e c- ac& ! * 4-e es"e c*ec&)&e!" c * *a( y a! )&c ese! )a"e*! "e!


12/92

II

La , *)a 'e %&'a 'e( !& a*ece es"a* 'e"e*)&!a'a * (as s&! c(a*a)e!"e 'e(&)&"a' s e!"*e s . L s c !"e!&' s s 4-&c s y (a *ea(&'a' e#"e*!a se &!"e* e!e"*a!. Las c sas *e *ese!"a

s ! s&! )>s *ea(es. La ,a!"as a e4-&%a(e 'e 5ec5 a (a *ea(&'a'. A4- "&es-s *a ces+ * e/e) ( + 7-e!a a*"e 'e (a a a*e!"e )e!'ac&'a' 'e( !& +4-e ! &*> '&s"&!s 4-e a-(a"&!a)e!"

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13/92

Ta) c e! e( )-!' e#"e*& * 5ace e( !& '&s"&!c& !es 4-e s ! 5a7&"-a( a*a ( s a'-(" s. U! )- ec es"> a*a 1 "a! %&% c ) -! a!&)a(+ y+ a &!%e*sa+ ,*ec-e!"e)e!"e "*a"a a -! a!&)a( c ) s& ,-ese -! /-! a( se*%&c& 'e s- c !sec-c& !+ c ! ( 4-e s&! e)7a*< 4-e*e) s 'ec&* 4-e e( !& ! se sa(


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Y " ' es" se 5a((a e!"*e"e/&' e! e( c !"e#" %&"a(


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LA CRISIS DE LA MADURACI:N

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As se %a "*a!s, *)a!' a-(a"&!a)e!"e e( ) ' 'e e#&s"e!c&a&!,a!"&(. La * "ecc& ! ,*ec&'a * e( 5


16/92

II

La c*&s&s 'ec&s&%a+ 4-e se (a!"ea * y 'es'e 'e!"* + se 'e7e a &**- c& ! 'e ' s &) -(s s 7>s&c s? (a a-" a,&*)ac& ! &!'&%&'-a(&!s"&!" se#-a(.

N 4-e*e) s 'ec&* c ! e(( a*a e) e=a* * e( *&)e* 4-e !ac"-ase ya e! e( !& . Es ,>c&()e!"e 7se*%a7(e 4-@ * !" y c ! 4-5a7&(&'a' ( s !& s sa7e! sa(&*se c ! (a s-ya. T 'as (as )a'*es c ! ce! ( sce( s 4-e s-*


17/92

La "*a ca-sa 'e (a c*&s&s es e( 'es e*"a* 'e( &!s"&!" se#-a(. L a'*es y e'-ca' *es sa7e! )-y 7&e! 4-e "a) c es"e &) -(s ,a("a a!"es+y 4-e "a)7&@! a es"e *es ec" ( 4-e s-e(e 'ec&*se 'e (a &! ce!c&a 'e (!& s es -!a ,a(se'a' se!"&)e!"a(. E! *ea(&'a'+ ya e! (a )>s "e) *a!a

!& e= se 'a! &) -(s s se#-a(es 4-e ac" a! -!a y "*a %e=. T 'a% a "&e!es&! e)7a*< + -! ca*>c"e* '&,-s + y ! e!c-e!"*a! (a c !,* !"ac& ! c ! ( e*s !a 'e( "* se# 4-e *es- !e a s- %e= (a c !,* !"ac& ! 'e (a&!'&%&'-a(&'a'+ 'e (a e*s !a. Es"e &) -(s c ) a*ece a5 *a c ! ,-e*=e(e)e!"a( /-!" c ! (as c !'&c& !es ,&s& ( c"e* 'e ( &(e< "&) + y 4-e a( )&s) "&e) se &!se*"e e! e( *'e"*a%@s 'e( c-a( se "*a"a a (a e*s !a c ) *es !sa7(e y se (e a (&ca! c*&"e*& s 'e( 5 ! *.

De es"a *e'e,&!&c& ! y 'e es"e c !/-!" 'e "*a!s, *)ac& !es 'e7e sa(&*e( / %e! )ay * 'e e'a'+ (&7*e "a!" a*a e( se* e*s !a( c ) a*a ec-) (&)&e!" %&"a(.

La c !sec-c& ! 'e ese 7/e"&% es"> a)e!a=a'a * '&%e*s s e(&<E! ( 4-e *es ec"a a (a e*s !a(&'a'? 4-e e( / %e! ! '@ e( as 4-e (ec !'-ce a (a &!'e e!'e!c&a y s&


18/92

EL O EN

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U!a %e= s- e*a'a esa c*&s&s+ a a*ece (a , *)a 'e e#&s"e!c&a * & / %e!.

N es ,>c&( "*a=a* ( s *as< s 4-e (e 'e,&!e!+ 'a' 4-e e! @( 5ay)-c5as c sas e! 'e%e!&*+ e* "a)7&@! *4-e e! @( se 'a! !-)e* s sc !"*as"es. A e(( se a a'e! (as c !%-(s& !es 'e7&'as a ( s ac !"ec&)&e!"'e !-es"*a @ ca y a ( s * ,-!' s ca)7& s 'e (a e!"e*a es"*-c"-*a 'e (ae#&s"e!c&a 4-e se e# *esa! e! es s s-ces s. Me e*)&" *ec *'a*+ * "a( 4-e '&/&) s a( c )&e!= 'e es"e ca "-( ace*ca 'e (a %a(&'e= 'e es""*a= s c"e* 7>s&c 'e es"a !-e%a , *)a 'e %&'a es"> 'e"e*)&!a' + s)-c5 ! )e e4-&% c + * ' s e(e)e!" s. U! s&"&% ? (a ,-e*asce!'e!"e 'e (a e*s !a(&'a' 4-e se a-" a,&*)a y 'e (a %&"a(&'a' 4-e " '( e!e"*aB -! !e


19/92

)&s) 5a*> c sas s %&*-(e!c&a c-a!" )&!se


20/92

Esa a *ec&ac& ! es e! 7-e!a )e'&'a c **ec"a s& * &'ea(&s)e!"e!'e) s (as "e!'e!c&as e#a("a'as y e)7e((ece' *as 'e (a *ea(&'a' 4-ese s ( a! as c&a* c ! es"a a(a7*a e! e( asa' . Pe* ! es @s"e e( se!"4-e 'a) s a4- a( "@*)&! e! c-es"& !. ace *e,e*e!c&a )>s 7&e! a( ) '

e! 4-e se e# e*&)e!"a (a *ea(&'a'. E( a a*e!"e *ea(&s) -e'e se* e!*ea(&'a' c ) (e"a)e!"e &**ea(+ y -! a a*e!"e esce "&c&s) e!"e*a)e!"e&'ea(&s"a. Te!e* e# e*&e!c&a ! s&s e*s !as s-, *)a 'e %&'a.

Es"e e* ' es "a)7&@! (a @ ca e! (a 4-e ese se!"&)&e!" "a! ,-e*

'e ( &!c !'&c& !a' * *c& !a e( %a( * !ecesa*& a*a "*es (-c& !es 4-e 'ec&'&*>! s 7*e " 'a (a %&'a 'e (a e*s !a. E!"*e e((as c-e!"a+ * e/e) ( + (a e(ecc& ! 'e (a * ,es& !. Es"a e(ecc& ! c !s"&c ! ,*ec-e!c&a " 'a -!a a-'ac&a+ -es" 4-e c ! e((a se 'a -! as 4-e'e"e*)&!a*> " ' e( ,-"-* e! -!a @ ca e! (a 4-e " 'a% a ,a("a (a )&*a'as 7*&a a (a *ea(&'a'+ "a!" a (a 'e (as * &as ca ac&'a'es c ) a (a 'e (c sas 4-e ! s * 'ea!. Ese as es es ec&a()e!"e '&, c&( c-a!' (asc&*c-!s"a!c&as e#"e*& *es se !e! a (a e(ecc& ! " )a'a+ c-a!'

%a*&a' 'e ( s "a(e!" s y a "&"-'es '&,&c-("a (a 'ec&s& ! &!"e*!a. Pe*"*a a*"e+ c ! ,*ec-e!c&a es *ec&sa)e!"e (a ,a("a 'e c ! c&)&e!" *ea('e( )-!' ( 4-e e*)&"e "e!e* (a sa' a a 4-e ! s *e,e* a) s. Esa sa' a -e'e &!c(-s ((e


21/92

La 'ec&s& ! se " )a "a)7&@! *es ec" 'e "*as e*s !as c-a!' e(a) * se a"*e%e a ace*ca*se a e((as.

La *&)e*a ,ase 'e( a) * )e *e,&e* a -! a) * *ea(+ ! a( )e*a)e!"e, s&c se!"&)e!"a(+ y * "a!" a( a) * e! e( 4-e (a e*s !a es"> e!

ce!"* "&e!e (a )&s& ! 'e se a*a* a( &!'&%&'- 'e (a ,a)&(&a y 'e c-ac !s"&"- a 5as"a ese ) )e!" s- e!" *! %&"a(+ a*a ((e%a*(e a c*ea)&s) -! !-e% ce!"* 'e %&'a. Es c(a*a (a sa' a 4-e e(( s- !e+ y"a)7&@! ( es 4-e c-a!" )>s "a*'e se e) *e!'a )>s '&, c&( se*>. Ta)7&@!a4- se a7*e " '


22/92

II

Te!e) s 4-e es"-'&a* a5 *a e( * 7(e)a @"&c * & 'e es"a ,ase (a %&'a. Pa*a 'e* 5ace*( c **ec"a)e!"e+ 5e) s 'e *e"* ce'e* -! c .

-&=> 5aya! ! "a' 4-e !& a( "*a=a* ( s *as< s 'e (a ,ase &!,a!"&(+

"a) c a( 'e(&!ea* ( s 'e (a c*&s&s 'e (a -7e*"a'+ 5e) s 5a7(a' 'e ( s * 7(e)as * &a)e!"e @"&c s 4-e (a!"ea! esas e"a as 'e (a %&'a. *a= ! es 4-e (a )e/ * , *)a 'e "*a"a* es s * 7(e)as es es"-'&a*( s /-!"c ! ( s 'e (a ,ase s&s+ s&! 4-e *ec&sa se* 'ese!"*a a' y '&%&'&' e! a*"es+ y a*a 5e) s 'e *ec-**&* a (a s&"-ac& !. E! e((a e( 7&e! c ) a*ece c ! (a -*


23/92

Y a5 *a 5e) s 'e *ec *'a* a(< 4-e 5e) s "*a"a' e! c(asesa!"e*& *es? (a *e(ac& ! e!"*e (a ,ase c !c*e"a y (a c !,&! 7"e!e* /-< s !-"*&"&% s a ( (a*< 'e " 'a (a%&'a. S& es"a ,ase ! se %&%e e! s- &!"es a'e(a!"e. La e*s !a ! % (%e*> a %e* e( )-!' "a( y c ) ( %e'e !& B ! % (%e*> a e# e*&)e!"a* (a -!&'a' 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a "a( y ca5 *a (a e# e*&)e!"a. E( )-!' *ea(&s"a 4-e se *ese!"a*> )>s a'e(a!"e

c ! " 'as (as '&,e*e!c&as 4-e (e 'a! s- es"*-c"-*a * &a+ 'e7e s- c(a*&'a' aes"a -!&'a'+ a( &


24/92

c ) "a( ! es s ( -!a ,ase 4-e *ece'e e! e( "&e) a( se* a'-(" + s&!4-e e*s&s"e c ) -! e(e)e!" e*)a!e!"e e! " 'a (a e#&s"e!c&a -("e*& * .

Pe* 'a' 4-e e( !& es"> * s- ese!c&a * &a e! c*ec&)&e!"%a( * ) *a( * -es" a s- e'a'+ a sa7e*+ e( 'e -! c **ec" c*ec&)&e!"

se*>+ 'e ) ' 'ec&s&% + *es !sa7&(&'a' 'e 4-&e!es ya s ! a'-(" s? ()a'*e+ e( a'*e+ ( s 5e*)a! s )ay *es+ ( s * ,es *es y ( s e'-ca' *es.La e#&s"e!c&a 'e( !& se 'esa** ((a e!"*e ' s ( s? @( )&s) y s

e'-ca' *es e!"e!'&e!' * "a(es " 'as a4-e((as e*s !as 4-e sea!*es !sa7(es 'e @(H. La &) *"a!c&a 'e ( s e'-ca' *es es "a!" )ay *c-a!" )>s e4-e es e( !& . De es"a )a!e*a+ e( * 7(e)a @"&c 'e (e'a' &!,a!"&( es a!"e " ' -! * 7(e)a 'e ( s e'-ca' *es+ s& 7&e! e(c*ec&)&e!" &) (&ca 4-e se %a c !%&*"&e!' *


25/92

III

E( a'*e 'e (a e'a< < a ) 'e*!a+ e*)a! N 5(+ 5a '&c5 e! c&e*"acas& ! 4-e e( e'-ca' * es e( 'e,e!s * 'e ( s &!"e*eses %&"a(es 'e( !&

,*e!"e a (as *e"e!s& !es 'e ( s a'-(" s+ a-!4-e 'es'e (-e< "a)7&@! ,*e!"ea ( s &!s"&!" s 'e( !& )&s) . T&e!e 4-e %e(a*+ as -es+ * 4-e -e'*ea()e!"e !& .

Es" ! 4-&e*e 'ec&* 4-e -e'a 'e'&ca*se )e*a)e!"e a /-s *&c 'e ( 4-e a*ecDe a(< ! ) ' + 'e! "a " 'as (as acc& !es es !">!eas 'e( !& . C ! esa a(a7*a ! s *e,e*&) s a -!a ac"&%&'a' 4-e ! *es !'e a -! ,&! 4-e *es&'a,-e*a 'e e((a+ s&! a -! se!"&' y a -! &) -(s 4-e es"*&7a! e! e( e/e*c&c&'e (a ac"&%&'a' )&s)a. Es -!a ac"&%&'a' 4-e '&sc-**e 5ac&a s )&s)a y e(a 4-e (a %&'a se 'es (&e


26/92

!& + es a(< 4-e ! se (%&'a !-!ca c ! s ( -!a %e= 4-e se 5aya es"a'e! -!a esc-e(a '&*&c"e* ? e! (as e#&s &!,(-ye es (a , *)a 'e se* 'e( e'-ca' *B (se


27/92

s&

"e!'e!c&a a c !"*a'ec&* (a % (-!"a' 'e ( s a'*es 'e ( s e'-ca' *es.C-a!" )>s se ((e%e a( !& 'es'e e( *&!c& & a -!a "*a!4-&&!'e e!'e!c&a+ c ! "a!"a )ay * c !,&a!=a se a'e!"*a*> @s"e e! (a c*&s&"a!" )>s ,>c&()e!"e '*> s- e*a*(a.

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28/92

I

Las "a*eas es ec ,&cas 'e( / %e!+ es" es+ 'e (a e*s !a 4-e 5a asa * (a c*&s&s 'e (a -7e*"a' y es"> ((e


29/92

'e (a )&s)a 4-e a -!"a! a( ,-"-* ... E( )ay * e(&s se 'e7&(&"a*> e( a-"@

*'e!+ -es @s"e s-*s c **ec" se* a 'ec&* 4-e (a *e% e*)a!e!"e es e( ,e! )e! '&a(@c"&ca)e!"e c !"*a*& a (a c*ec&e!"%& (e!c&a. La *


30/92

5a 'ese) e a' -! a e( "a! &) *"a!"e+ a sa7e*+ (a e'-cac& !+ *esPe* ! * e(( 'e/a 'e se* -!a a-"@!"&ca e#&s &) e*& sa)e!"e (eac !se/a7a s- &!s"&!"


31/92

LA CRISIS DE LA E;PERIENCIA

I

e) s 5a7(a' 'e (a &)as&cas 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a 5-)a!a+ ) ' s ca*ac"e* s"&c s e4-e e( se* %&% %a s&e!' -! se* 5-)a! a ( (a*< 'e( ca)&! 4-e c !'-ce'e( !ac&)&e!" a (a )-e*"e? )a!e*as 'e se!"&*+ 'e e!"e!'e*+ 'e c ) *"a*see! *e(ac& ! c ! e( )-!' . Es"as &)>s "a*'e.

U! 'e es s as s+ 'e esas c*&s&s+ se 'a "a)7&@! e!"*e (a ,ase %&'e( / %e! y (a &!)e'&a"a)e!"e s&


32/92

&!,&!&"as s&7&(&'a'es? ( 4-e (a e*s !a a'-("a se*> y 5a*>+ y ( 4-e (e 'e a*e. M-y *e(ac& !a'a c ! esa se!sac& ! es"> (a &!c !'&c& !a(&'a' '(as &'eas y ac"&"-'es &!"e*& *es+ ( a7s (-" 'e (as " )as 'e s&c&,a("a 'e c ) * )&s s e! e( c ) *"a)&e!" + " ' e(( -!&' a (a

c !%&cc& ! 'e 4-e (a *ea(&'a' 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a '*> se* ca "a'a ' )&!a'a * )e'& 'e esas &'eas y ac"&"-'es.Pe* ( 4-e e! %e*'a' s-ce'e es 4-e se asa * a(" esa *ea(&'a'. N

se (a %e c **ec"a)e!"e? !& (a *ea(&'a' 'e( * & se*+ 'e ( 4-e @s"e -e! -e'e+ 'e ( s e(e)e!" s 4-e &) -(sa! y 'e ( s 4-e e*"-*7a! s-'esa** (( + !& "a) c (a *ea(&'a' 'e( e!" *! + 'e (as c&*c-!s"a!c&ec ! )&cas y s c&a(es+ 'e (a ac"&"-' &!"e*& * 'e (as 'e)>s e*s !as+ 'e (ay-'as y 7s">c-( s 4-e -e'e! s-*


33/92

II

Pe* /-s" e! ese ) )e!" es c-a!' e) e=a) s a " )a* c !c&e!c&a'e (a *ea(&'a'.

S 7*e " ' + 'e7&' a 4-e e( c ) *"a)&e!" &'ea(&s"a c !'-ce a,*acas s. E( / %e! e# e*&)e!"a 4-e ! es ca a= 'e )-c5 'e ( 4-e c*e ase*( + y 4-e 4-&=> s-s a "&"-'es *ea(es s ! 'e "* "& + )e! s ((a)a"&&!"e*esa!"e y *e% (-c& !a*& + e* se "*a"a 'e a-"@!"&cas aE# e*&)e!"a -! 5ec5 "a! e(e)e!"a( c ) "a*' a)e!"e e*c&7&' + e( 'e4-e "a)7&@! (as 'e)>s e*s !as "&e!e! s-s &!&c&a"&%as+ &'eas+ ac"&


34/92

a** /a -! *es-("a' !e e! e( a7s (-"&s) + se c !%e*"&-! ' c"*&!a*& + e! -! ,a!>"&c 'e ( s *&!c& & s+ 4-e ! *ec ! cec ) %>(&' y " ' ( c*&"&ca. 0 se c !%e*"&*> e! e( e"e*! *e% (-c4-e /a)>s (


35/92

*ea(&s"a + 4-e 5ay 4-e " )a* (a %&'a c ) es+ 4-e 5ay 4-e * c-*a* saa'e(a!"e a c-a(4-&e* *ec& + a(ca!=a* -! 7-e! es"a"-s s c&a(+ asa*( " ' 7&e! 4-e se -e'a+ e"c.

E! !&!


36/92

EL MAYOR DE EDAD

I

S& es es" ("&) ( 4-e s-ce'e+ se c !, *)a -!a !-e%a ,&c"e*?(a ,&*)e=a &!"e*& * 'e (a e*s !a. N es *& e) a*e!"a' c ! e"e*! ? ( 4-e c !s"*-ye+ )a!"&e!e e! &e+ s-s"e!"a+ * ( !


37/92

II

E! ese ) )e!" es c-a!' se '&ce 'e a(! e! )a! s 'e es)&s) 'e* y 'e s-s "&"-(a*es c (ec"&% s? e( Es"a' + ( s s&!'&ca" se!ca-=a' *es 'e (a &!& ! 7(&ca.

3


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39/92

Es (a ,ase 'e (a (e!&"-' 'e ,-e*=as+ s-s"e!"a'a * (a c !c&e!c&a 'e4-e s ( es a-"@!"&ca (a c !e#& ! 'e (as &'eas %e*'a'e*a)e!"e e!sa'asc ! (a *ea(&'a' c **ec"a)e!"e %&s"aB (a -!&'a' 'e (a ac"&"-' &!"e*&&!c !'&c& !a'a c ! e( c ! c&)&e!" 'e ( '&, c&( y c ) (&ca' 4-e es "

y 'e ( "a)7a(ea!"e y ) se* 'e (as c&*c-!s"a!c&as y es"a' s * 4-ea"*a%&esa e( 5 )7*e... Des'e -! -!" 'e %&s"a ,&s& (


40/92

II

Pe* "a)7&@! e! ese ) )e!" c )&e!=a (a c*&s&s? -!a se!sac& ! ca'a%e= )>s c(a*a 'e ( s ( )&"es 'e (as * &as ,-e*=as. La e*s !a e# e*&)e4-e e#&s"e -! 'e)as&a' ? 'e "*a7a/ + 'e (-c5a+ 'e *es !sa7&(&'a'.

E( "*a7a/ se ac-)-(a. Las e#&s e) e=a!' a %&%&* 'e(as *ese*%as. Es" s e!sa)&e!" s se *ese!"a! es ec&a()e!"e c-a!' seac-)-(a e( "*a7a/ + c-a!' (as e#&


41/92

'e"e*)&!a!' (a c !c&e!c&a. Pe* a5 *a " ' es &e*'e s- ,*esc *+ ! %e'a'+ c-a!" "e! a 'e &!"e*esa!"e y es"&)-(a!"e. P c a c se %asa7&e!' 'e %e*'a' 4-@ 4-&e*e 'ec&* "*a7a/a* y (-c5a*. Se sa7e c ) sec ) *"a! (as e*s !as+ c ) s-*


42/92

e,ec" + ( 4-e 'a a (a %&'a s- se!"&' ! es (a e#"e!s& !+ ( c-a!"&"a"&s&! (a &!"e!s&'a'+ (a ,-e*=a 'e (a %&%e!c&a y 'e ( se!"&' .

T ' s es s e(e)e!" s c*&s"a(&=a! e! -!a c*&s&s. L 4-e e! e((a s'ec&'e es s& ese 'ese! a'

"&)&s) , *=a' 4-e e! *ea(&'a' ! s&e!"eB 7&e! ac-)-(a -!a y "*a"a*ea y se c- a 'e )&( c sas y "*a7a/ sB acas cae e! (as !ece'a'es y( c-*as ca*ac"e* s"&cas 'e es"a ,ase 'e (a %&'a+ y * e/e) ( e) &e= /-


43/92

LA PERSONA UE A APRENDIDODE LA E;PERIENCIA

IS& es es" ("&) ( 4-e s-ce'e+ c )&e!=a (a ,ase %&"a( 'e (a e*s

4-e 5a a *e!'&' 'e (a e# e*&e!c&a. Se ca*ac"e*&=a * e( 5ec5 'e 4a5 *a e( 5 )7*e sa7e 4-@ s ! ( s ( )&"es+ y %e y ace "a (as ,* !"e*&!s-,&c&e!c&as y )&se*&as 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a.

Es" ! s&

sa(&'a * & s 'e (a e#&s"e!c&aB 4-e 'ec(a*e *&c ( ) se* + a-"@a a*e!"e (e! ( %ac . e e*,ec"a)e!"e " ' es" + y ( ace "a ese!"&' 'e 4-e ! "&e!e %-e("a 'e 5 /a y 'e 4-e 5ay 4-e c !%&%&* c ! e((y e! (a )e'&'a 'e ( s&7(e s- e*a*( .

N 'e/a 'e "*a7a/a*+ s&! 4-e * s&


44/92

II

E! es"a ac"&"-' 5ay )-c5 'e '&sc& (&!a y *e!-!c&a. Se "*a"a 'e -!a%a(e!" a 4-e ! see "a!" e( ca*>c"e* 'e (a &!"*e &'e= c-a!" e( 'e *es (-c& !.

Ya %e! -s"e'es c ) a4- se c !s-)a ( 4-e s (e) s 'e! )&!a* ca*>c"e*. E! e*s !as 'e es"e "& es e! (as 4-e c !, a (a e#&s"e!c&P*ec&sa)e!"e *4-e ya ! a(7e*


45/92

LA CRISIS DE LA DE ACI:N

I

E! ese ) )e!" se as&s"e a -!a !-e%a c*&s&s. Es"> e! es"*ec5a*e(ac& ! c ! e( e!%e/ec&)&e!" + y ! s e!e"*a'a 'e -!a


46/92

'a , *)a a s- e!"e* "*a!sc-**&*. La %&'a ! es -!a )e*a y-#"a s&c& ! 'e a*"es+ s&! -! " ' 4-e a*a e# *esa*( -! "a!" a*a' /&ca)e!"e es" *ese!"e e! ca'a -! 'e ( s -!" s 'e s- "*ayec" *&a.

As es c ) e( ,&!a( ac" a s 7*e " 'a (a %&'a? e( 5ec5 'e 4-e e( a*c

%&"a( e) &e=a a c-*%a*se 5ac&a a7a/ y 4-e "e*)&!a*> * e#"&! *e e*c&!'&*ec"a)e!"e s 7*e @(+ 4-&=> e! s- 5a)7*e 'e %&'a y e! s- !eces&'a' 'e * "ecc& !... E( se!"&)&e!" 'e (a )-e*"e -e'e 5ace*se *ese!"e c ! -!a

es ec&a( &!"e!s&'a' '-*a!"e (a /-%e!"-'. E! es"a ,ase 'e (a %&'a "&e!e )>s 7&e! e( ca*>c"e* 'e -! "*>


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III

a7* a )-c5 4-e 'ec&* a( *es ec" . Pe* -e'e 4-e ( %&s" 5as"a5 *a sea s-,&c&e!"e a*a ca*ac"e*&=a* (as ca-sas 'e (a c*&s&s 'e5a7(>7a) s. S y c ) e( &!'&%&'- c !c*e" -e'e s- e*a*(a+ es a(< 4'e e!'e 'e 5as"a 4-@ -!" ace "e e( ,&!a( y s& aca7a!' + 4-e se (as '@ 'e / %e!? (as c !sec-e!c&as 'e " '

e(( s ! "a! ,a" '&cas c ) e! sas. U!a 'e ( s ,e! )e! s )>sc-es"& !a7(es 'e !-es"* "&e) es 4-e se e4-& a*a s&! )>s (a %&'a %a(&c ! (a /-%e!"-'.

O"*a s&7&(&'a' es 4-e (a e*s !a ca &"-(e a!"e s- e!%e/ec&)&e4-e '@ 'e (a' a (a %&'a c ) -! " ' y se a,e**e a ( 4-e 4-e'a 'e e((a.De es"a ac"&"-' se 'e*&%a -! ,e! )e! "a! !e


49/92

%&'a? e!e"*ac& ! e! (a %e*'a'e*a e!"*a a 'e (as c sas+ 7-e! >!&)se*e!&'a'+ a-" es"&)a+ a,&*)ac& ! 'e (a %&'a 4-e se 5a %&%&' + 'e (a 4-e se 5a ((e%a' a ca7 + 'e( se!"&' 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a 4-e se 5a *ea(&=a' .

Es es ec&a()e!"e &) *"a!"e 4-e se (


50/92

EL OM RE SA IO

I

C-a!' es es" ("&) ( 4-e s-ce'e+ a a*ece (a , *)a 'e %&'a 'e (a e*s !a a!c&a!a+ e# *esa' %a( *a"&%a)e!"e+ 'e( 5 )7*e sa7& .

P 'e) s ca*ac"e*&=a*(e 'e( s&c"e*.

La )e! s %a(& sa es (a &!"e* *e"ac& ! 'e ( e"e*! 4-e '&ce? e*%e! )&s 5&/ s e! )& -e7( . Fa(sea e( se!"&' 'e ( 4-e a4- es"> e! /-e< .M>s a !? ( !e a( se*%&c& *ec&sa)e!"e 'e ( asa/e* . -&e! 5

$9


51/92

*ea()e!"e e! se*& 'e ( e"e*! + ! se *e,&e*e a( se e! *e(ac& ! c ! (a %&'a c )bios + s&! c ! (a

e*s !a. N (a s- *&)e e! (a )e*a c !"&!-ac& ! &!'e,&!&'a+ s&! 4-e (e!&,&ca e! se!"&' a7s (-" .

La c !c&e!c&a 'e es"a *ea(&'a' &) e*ece'e*a c*ece e! (a )&s)a)e'&'a e! 4-e ( asa/e* se ace "a c ! " 'a s&!ce*&'a'. -&e! 5-ye 'e ( asa/e* + ( "a a !&e a 4-@ ! s es"a) s *e,&*&e!' ...

A(< a*ec&' ca7e 'ec&* 'e ( 4-e 'e! )&!>7a) s @*'&'a 'e es'e (a e#&s"e!c&a. E! e((a se 5ace c(a* 4-e (a %&'a 5ace *e,e*e!c&a a )>c sas 4-e a s )&s)a. L ,&!&" 'e%&e!e "*a!s a*e!"e a*a ( a7s (-" .

20


52/92

II

De es"as e# e*&e!c&as * ce'e (a ca ac&'a' 'e '&s"&! 7(&( es (a ese!c&a 'e (a %e/e=. E! s- (-


53/92

a!c&a! ! es )>s 4-e -! / %e! '&s)&!-&' . Y " ' e(( e! es"*ec5ac !e#& ! c ! (a c !,&a!=a e! (a ca ac&'a' 'e ( s )@'&c s a*a a(a*"*a a*"e+ se &e*'e 'e %&s"a a( !& + y e! s- (-


54/92

LA ENTRADA EN LA ANCIANIDAD

I

C-a!' (a %&'a 'e -! 5 )7*e '-*a ( s-,&c&e!"e+ (a ,ase 'e (a e*s !a)ay * sa7&a ! es (a ("&)a+ s&! 4-e (e s&


55/92

II

Pa*ece 4-e ! es @se e( cas . L 4-e s (e) s 'e! )&!a* a!c&a!&'a'! a*ece c !s"&"-&* 'e e!"*a'a "*a c sa 4-e -! * ces 'e 'eca'e!c&a. N

,*ece a( es ec"a' * (a &)a"*a )a!e*a 4-e )e'&a!"e e( c !ce " 'e ( e"e*! .E! es"a &) *es& ! 4-e ! s * '-ce se *e%e(a e( se!"&' 'e (a ,ase %&"

a (a 4-e ! s es"a) s *e,&*&e!' . Se "*a"a s&! '-'a 'e -! %a( * -* + s& 7& e*) "ase! s (a a*a' /a 'e -! %a( * 4-e es"*&7a e! (a (e!a *ea(&=ac&( 4-e 'e! )&!a) s ,&!a( B e! ese ((e%a* a(< a "@*)&! + 4-e ! c !s&e! (a c-()&!ac& ! 'e -!a


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%&"a( se e!ca)&!a a c !se*%a* ( 4-e a ! 5ay+ as c ) a *a(e!"&=a * ces 'e '&s)&!-c& !. T ' e(( s&e) *e y c-a!' ! se ca&


59/92

II

La se!&(&'a' se ca*ac"e*&=a * e( 5ec5 'e 4-e " 'as (as , *)as 'ee# e*&e!c&a y 'e ac"&%&'a' y " ' s ( s &) -(s s %&"a(es &es !"a!e&'a' e &!"e!s&'a'.

La ,-e*=a y (a * ,-!'&'a' 'e ( s &!s"&!" s se %e! *e'-c&'as. L as& !a( 'esa a*ece 'e (a &)as a((> 'e s- * & c *c-(@s"e se %a es"*ec5a!' * s , *"a(ece -! e,ec" 4-e ya * '-ce 'es-y (a &)as / %e! sea @s"a.

Ta)7&@! (a &)a


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III

N-es"*as *e,(e#& !es ! as &*a! a "*a=a* -!a ,e! )e! ( < a 'e (ae% (-c& ! 'e( 5 )7*e * s )&s)a+ s&! a 'ese!"*a a* s- &) *"a!c@"&c e'a<


63/92

La c !sec-e!c&a 'e " ' e(( es 4-e a*a (a c !c&e!c&a ac"-a( (a)-e*"e ca*ece 'e " ' ace!" %a( *a"&% s&"&% . Se (a %e c ) -! cesa*+ 4-e a'e)>s "&e!e (-


64/92

I

P-es 7&e!+ (a "a*ea @"&c e'-ca"&%a 'e (a se!&(&'a' se -e'e es"*-c"e! " *! a ' s -!" s 'e %&s"a.

Des'e e( *&)e* y )>s -*c"e* 'e es"a ,asec !s&s"e e! (a '&s)&!-c& ! 'e (as e!e*< as %&"a(es+ e! esa )&s)a )e'&'a'e7e*> c*ece* (a "a*ea 'e a4-e(( s a c-ya ay-'a "&e!e 4-e *ec-**&* (a %&4-e %a )e!


65/92

A *ec&a) s as " 'a (a '&,&c-("a' 4-e e!c&e**a (a c **es !'&e"a*ea @"&ca. E#&s ,>c&( 'e )a!"e!e*+ y a (a (a*s s-"&(+ c-a!' ese 'ese e*)a!ece e! e( &!"e*& * 'e (as e*s !as 4-e (a(7e* (e/ s 'e @(. T 'a e*s !a ca a= 'e

7se*%a*se a s )&s)a+ y "a)7&@! 'e c ) *e!'e* s-s * & s ac" s ,a((&y s-e s+ -e'e 4-e "e!


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N 'e7e) s (%&'a*+ * ( 'e)>s+ 4-e e( 'e7e* 'e (a e*s !a 4-e se5a((a e! s- (e!&"-' %&"a( ,*e!"e a( a!c&a! ! es *e(e%a!"e s (a)e!"e aes"e ("&) . S& ! )e e4-&% c + 5a s&' F*&e'*&c5 &(5e() F e*s"e*5a se a(a' e( e(&


67/92

La *e !a"-*a()e!"e e! c **es !'e!c&a c ! (a )e'&'a 'es-s ,-e*=as es &*&"-a(es y a! )&cas+ y ! "e!'* a se!"&' , *)-(ae#& 'e e((a. E! es"a ce*ca! a se ((e


68/92

" ca* c ! (as )a! s e( , !' 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a. Se (a!"ea! (as *e 'e -! c&e*" ( )&"e+ 4-e * ( 'e)>s se %a es"*ec5a!' * 7(&

A es"e *es ec" a ! 'e7e) s 'ec&* "*a c sa 4-e )e*ece se* s-7*aya'a 'e ) ' es ec&a(. L 4-e c ! ,*ec-e!c&a 5ace a (a ,ase se!&( 'e(a %&'a "a! (as"&) sa a*a e( e!" *! + y "a)7&@! a*a e( a,ec"a' )&s)e( 5ec5 'e 4-e a es"e ("&) ya ! (e &) *"a !a'a 4-@ &e!se! ( s 'e)>s'e @(. Ta) c s&*%e 'e )-c5 'ec&* a a(


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70/92

I

e) s 'e'&ca' )>s es ac& a (a ("&)a ,ase 'e (a %&'a 'e ( 4-e 'es-y 5-7&ese s&' c **ec" e! a"e!c& ! a s- *e(e%a!c&a a*a e( c !/-!"(a )&s)a. Pe* a*ece se* 4-e ( s a s 'e (a e'a' a%a!=a'a es">! c*ec&e!' *> &'a)e!"e. Las ca-sas 'e (a )-e*"e sec )7a"e! c ! )ay * e,&cac&a. La )e'&c&!a 'esa** ((a -!a ' c"*&!a )>se#ac"a 'e( es"a' 'e( a!c&a! y 'e ( s c-&'a' s 4-e !eces&"a? -!as ac-c&a!"es. Pe* "a)7&@! s-ce'e "*a c sa? (a a"e!c& ! sce!"*a e! (a e*s !a )ay *+ y s-*

9


71/92

(a 7(ac& ! y e( *> &' 'esa** (( 'e (a "@c!&ca s c&a( e( "*a"a)&e!5 )7*e ca'a %e= c ! ce )e! s 7a**e*as+ ! se -e'e es"a* 'e)as&a'se


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73/92

II

Pa*a a *ec&a* a'ec-a'a)e!"e ( 4-e a4- 5e) s '&c5 + es *ec&ss-7*aya* 4-e " 'as (as 'esc*& c& !es 4-e 5e) s ,*ec&' 5a! a' "a' *e,e*e!"e)e!"e e( -!" 'e %&s"a 'e( %a* !.

N )e s&e!" a-" *&=a' a a' "a* e( 'e (a )-/e* !& a "*a=a* ( s *as<c **es !'&e!"es. ace*( se* a "a*ea 'e -!a )-/e* y+ * c&e*" + es "a*ea )-y -* -!a 'es"*-cc& ! 'e( ) ' 'e se* ,e)e!&! + y c ! e((a -!a @*'&'a 'e'e*ec5 s )-c5 )>s * ,-!'a 4-e " 'as (as 4-e se 5a! 'a' 5as"a a5 *a.

E( a-"@!"&c ca)&! 5ac&a (a &


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"a!" )>s c-a!" 4-e se -e'e! &!se*"a* )-y 7&e! e! e( c !"e#" 'e " ' e(c-*s .

Me *e,&e* ! s ( a c sas *ea()e!"e 7%&as+ c ) 4-e e( ca)&! 4((e%a a( c ! c&)&e!" ,&( s ,&c e#&


77/92

c ! es s se*es a "*a%@s 'e ( s c-a(es+ e! )e'& 'e ( ,a)&(&a* 4-e *es-("a )&s)a sa!! (as *a ces 'e (a,&( s , aK

Des -@s se aca7a e( se* !& -! es"a' 4-e ! es s (a)e!"e ,e(&= +s&! 4-e "a)7&@! @( es"> e!"*e"e/&' 'e (ace* y s-,*&)&e!" + 'e &! ce!'e c-( a+ a( &c"e* 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a s&! c-ya a-"@!"&ca y * ,-as&)&(ac& ! ! es s&7(e ,&( s ,a* a(c"e* 'e&!c !'&c& !a' + 'e ( a7s (-" . N 'e) s e# !e* a4- ' !'e se)-es"*a e! ca'a cas ? e! (a &'ea+ e! (a e#& e! -!a *e(ac& ! "a! ese!c&a( e( es *&"- y (a e*s !a? c ) se*+ c ) %e*'a'+ c ) ! *)a+ c ) *'e!U! es *&"- a( 4-e (e ,a("e esa c !c&e!c&a es -! &!%>(&' . Se* a )e/ *! ,&( s ,ase.

Aca7 'e 'ec&* 4-e ((e -! ) )e!" e! e( 4-e (a %&'a )&s)ae,ec" e (as 'e7&'as c **ecc& !es s 7*e (a *e *ese!"ac& ! 'e (

&!c !'&c& !a' .A!"es (a e*s !a


78/92

a*a (a e#&s"e!c&aB a5 *a e*c&7e c ! c(a*&'a' c ) es @s"a *ea()e!c )&e!=a a *ec ! ce* ( s 'e*ec5 s 'e (as c sas e#&s"e!"es e! c-a!" "a(esA!"es s- , *)a " &ca 'e e!sa* e*a c ! '&sy-!"&%as? es" a4-e((a5 *a e) &e=a a c ) *e!'e*+ a a')&"&* s es"*&c"a? !a"-*a()e!"e+ s- !&e!' 4-e s&<s&e!' ( 4-e a(7e*


79/92

e#"*a a. P-es J! 'e7e* a se* e( ,&( s ,a* a(< 4-e seyese e( ca*>c"e*( c c ) !K JN ! s 5a e!se a' P(a" ! 4-e (a ,&( s , a %a e! a(as 'ea4-e( ) %&)&e!" 4-e (as e(e%a'as , *)as 'e se!"&' + (as &'eas+ s-sc&"ae! e( c *a= ! 'e( es *&"-+ 'e* sas y ,es"&%as a (a %e=K A %eces s

e,ec"&%a)e!"e as . T ' e( 4-e ,&( s ,a 5a %&%&' ) )e!" s e! ( s 4-e %e*'a' y e( se!"&' 7*&((a7a! c ! )>s (-= 4-e s- s )7 ( (a" !&c + e( sPe* (a *ec&()e!"e se -e'e *ese!"a* e! es"a ,ase 'e (a %&'a+ c-a!' (as "a*eas y

,-!c& !es 4-e se 'ese) e a! se 5ace! a< 7&a' *as *4-e 5a! e*'&'c-a!" "e! a! 'e ! %e'a' e &!"e*@s+ y 5ay 4-e se!' (as se!"&' 'e( 'e7e*B c-a!' (a e*s !a "&e!e 4-e "*a7a/a* 'e)as&a' y as-)&* 'e)as&a'as *es !sa7&(&'a'es+ y s&! e)7a*< "&e!e 4-e ac"

E! ese ) )e!" ( s e!sa)&e!" s se 5ace! * ) s. Las a(a7*as &e*'e! s- ca ac&'a' 'e 5ace* a( &"a* !-es"* c *a= ! c ! )>s *a &'e

a7(a* y esc-c5a*+ (ee* y esc*&7&*? (a *es&ca c-a!' a!"e -s a s-s Ensayos (a ,*ase?«Que sais-je? . N s ( ? ! s@ !a'a + ( 4-e '* a s-sc&"a* (a *es -es"a a *e!'e + s&! ? J4-@ se y K . JS@ acas a(< K J ay acas -! sa7e*+)>s 7&e! s (a)e!"e &!ce*"&'-)7*e &s e!e"*a!"e c-a!' a " ' e(( se a a'e! e( 'ese!


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81/92

)&s) K E! es s ) )e!" s es c-a!' c ) *e!'e a(a7*as c ) (as 'eP* s e* e! La "e) es"a' 'e S5a es ea*e?

Es"a) s "e/&' s 'e &'@!"&ca "e(a 4-e ( s s-e s+y !-es"*a c *"a %&'a se c&e**a c ! -! s-e I + 1H.

Pe* (as c sas "a) c s ! as . Na'a 'e s-e s+ !a'a 'e )e*asa a*&e!c&as 4-e a"*a%&ese! !-es"*a )e!"e )&e!"*as ' *)&) s+ s&! )> 7&e! )&s"e*& + 'e( 4-e e!"*e%e) s 4-e es e( !' (a e)7a*< c ) e# &ac& ! * (a &!/-s"&c&a 'e (a e#&s"e!c&a+ 7e!"*e


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DEL ENVEJECER

UNA C ARLA RADIOF:NICA

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Se )e &'e 4-e 5a7(e 'e (a ,ase 'e (a %&'a 4-e *ec&7e e( ! )7*e 'e%e/e=. Pa*a e(( se '* a a' "a* -! -!" 'e %&s"a ,&s& ( 'es'e (a e*s ec"&%a 'e (a e*s !a )>s)e! s / %e!+ a*a (a c-a(+ 'e e!"*a'a+ (a %e/e= ! es 'e !&!


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*a7&a c !"*a (a %&'a 4-e se (e esca a+ e!%&'&a a( / %e! * s- /-%e!"-s- ,-"-* + * s-s (a!es y es e*a!=as+ e &!"e!"a a)a**se( s+ a-!4-e ssea 'es *ec&a!' " ' ( !-e% e &'ea(&=a!' " ' ( %&e/ .

N es ,>c&(+ as -es+ 5a7(a* 'e (a %e/e= 'e ) ' c*e 7(e. Es *ec&

see* * -! )&s) (a e# e*&e!c&a 'e (a %e/e=+ e* "a)7&@! 5'e"ec"a' (a &!c(&!ac& ! a (a *a7&a c !"*a (a %&'a+ a (a e!%&'&a 5a /-%e!"-'+ a( *ese!"&)&e!" c !"*a ( !-e% + y a( )e! s &!"e!"a* s- e*a*(a

-&e! * "a!" &!"e!"e 'ec&* a(< s 7*e e( se!"&' 'e (a %e/e=+ a,&*)a!' e! c&e*" ) ' 4-e 5a 5ec5 a(< 'e " ' es + y c ) es!a"-*a( "a( c sa ! es ,>c&(. E! c-a(4-&e* cas + 5a7 a 4-e se a(a* c(a*a)e!es"as c-es"& !es+ a ,&! 'e c(a*&,&ca* e( )a*c 'e !-es"*a *e,(e#& !.

Y e( "&e) 4-e 5e) s &!%e*"&' e! e(( ! 5a s&' "&e) e*'& -es" 4-e ( '&c5 ya ! s 5a s&"-a' e! e( ce!"* 'e( * 7(e)a. E! e,ec" +5e) s %&s" c ! " 'a c(a*&'a' 4-e e!%e/ece* ! 4-&e*e 'ec&* se!c&((a)e!5a7e* %&%&' ya -! 'e"e*)&!a' ! )e* 'e a s+ 4-e (as ,-e*=asc * *a(es 5aya! ((e


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II

L *&)e* y )>s 'ec&s&% 4-e %a) s a 'ec&* es * "a!" a(< c !s"&"-ye e( ,-!'a)e!" 'e " 'a sa7&'-* a 'e (a %&'a? 4-e s ( e!%e/ece'e )a!e*a c **ec"a 4-&e! 5aya ace "a' &!"e*& *)e!"e s- e!%e/ec&)&e!" .

Es" ! es+ e! ) ' a(!*e *ese!"a!' -!a c )e'&a+ 'e )a!e*a 4-e a (a ,a(se'a' se a a'e e(*&' c-( .

La *&)e*a e#&s a-"@!"&ca y %a(& sa (a ,ase 'e (a %&'a 4-e ((e%a ese ! )7*e.

Y es 4-e "a)7&@! (a %e/e= es %&'a. N s&

Es c&e*" 4-e &) (&ca e( ace*ca)&e!" a (a )-e*"e+ e* "a)7&@! ( e(a )-e*"e )&s)a s&


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s&

5a7(a7a! 'e( ars moriendi + 'e( a*"e 'e ) *&*+ c ! ( 4-e se *e,e* a! a 4-e5ay , *)as &!c **ec"as y , *)as c **ec"as 'e ) *&*? e( )e* seca*se 5-!'&*se+ e* "a)7&@! e( ((e%a* a "@*)&! a ca7 + (a *ea(&=ac&'e (a ,& '&s"&!"a "a)7&@! s- *e(ac& ! c ! (as e*s !as )>s / %Pe*'e*> esa *a7&a c !"*a (a %&'a 4-e se (e esca a y (a e!%&'&a 5ac&a 4-" 'a% a (a "&e!e!. Rec ! ce*> (a e#&s"e!c&a 'e ( s / %e!es+ e &!a *e!'e*> a a)a*(es e &!"e!"a*> ay-'a*(es. Pe* ! a!&)a' 'e (a % (-!"a''e ' )&!a*(es+ 4-e 5ace 'e (a ay-'a -!a , *)a 'e e!c-7*&* (a e!%&'&a+ s&!

'e) s 'ec&* 4-&=> * s (&'a*&'a' c ! (a ca-sa 'e (a %&'a+ ((e%a''e( 'ese 'e 4-e es"a %&'a 4-e c **e "a!" e(& e! (a'es *&e!"ac& ! y (a c !,-s& ! sea c ) 'e7e se*.

Es" ( e*c&7&*>! (as e*s !as )>s / %e!es+ 4-e a s- %e= a *e!'ea 'a* a (a %e/e= e( *ec ! c&)&e!" 4-e )e*ece e! (a e*s !a 'e 4-&e! ya 5a((e


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III

JE! 4-@ c !s&s"e * "a!" e( se!"&' 'e (a %e/e=K Me a*ece 4-e ' s c sas.

La %&'a ! es -! * -!&, *)e+ s&! 4-e se '&%&'e e! '&,e*e!"@ cas+ ca'a -!a 'e e((as ce**a'a e! s )&s)a. As + (a &!,a!c&a "&e!e sse!"&' * & + e( 'e( c*ec&)&e!" + 4-e *es- !e 'e s-y -! e!" *! 4( 5a! 'e"e*)&!a-!as * "*as+ y 'e " ' e(( s-*


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e*s !a(&'a' "&e!e+ * as 'ec&*+ -! ca*>c"e* es">"&c . L ! "a) s c-!a e*s !a ! s sa(e a( e!c-e!"* y e! (a c !%e*sac& ! c ! e((a+ a( "*a7a/a /-!" s a( (-c5a* c !"*a e((a ! s 'a) s c-e!"a 'e 4-&@! es. Pe* esa)&s)a e*s !a(&'a' "&e!e "a)7&@! -!a , *)a "e) *a(+ y @s"a es s-

"*ayec" *&a %&"a(. La *&)e*a , *)a es c ) -! *e"*a" B (a se c ) *e!'e* )>s 'e -!a c sa 'e(as 4-e e! (a %&'a 'e (as e*s !as )>s / %e!es 4-e @( se 5a((a! " 'a% a e!c-*s 'e *ea(&=ac& !+ y '*> 'a*(es c !se/ s 4-e (es sea! 'e ay-'a+s- !&e!' 4-e esas "*as e*s !as es"@! '&s -es"as a a *e!'e*. C ! " '( )>s * & 'e -! )&s) !-!ca '*> e# *esa*se c ! a(a7*as.

E( se c&*c-!sc*&" a( aye*+ a(

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)a a!a a( a5 *a? 'e ( e"e*! + + a*a 'ec&*( )>s c(a*a)e!"e+ 'e D& s'e s- *e&! a"e) *a(.

Pe* s- !c"e* 'e a *e)&a!"es. a ce'&e!' (a %& (e!c&a c4-e e#&


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E( * 7(e)a 'e( e!%e/ec&)&e!" c !s&s"e+ * "a!" + e! 4-e (a e*s( ace "e+ c ) *e!'a s- se!"&' y ( 5ac"&cas+ -!a e#"*a a y e(&


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c ) a(< ca*e!"e 'e " ' &!"e*@s. Pe* J'e 4-@ s&*%e! " 'as (as '&sc&s 4-e -!a ca* 'e s- a*"e+ s-*-!a *e(ac& ! &!'&s e!sa7(e a*a e( " ' .

U!a c !c&e!c&a c (ec"&%a e! (a c-a( (a %e/e= ! sea e( se!"&' (e es * & !& (a s&7&(&'a' 'e 5ace* *ea( ese se!"&' 'esca!sa s 7*e 7,a(sas. Pe*'e*> (e!&"-' %&"a( y sa7e*+ y s-,*&*> '&s" *s& !es 'e (a ca'e /-=! ! "a* 'e (as , *)as )>s '&s a*es.

Ta)7&@! a es"e *es ec" ( s 'ece!& s asa' s 'e7e* a! se*%&* e!se a!=a a " ' e( 4-e "e!

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Las etapas de la vida, ROMANO GUARDINI