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The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.
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[edit] Nouns and adjectives
The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.
Latin nouns and adjectives
Citation form
Declining stem
Meaning English derivative
acerbus acerb- bitter acerbic
acētum acēt- vinegar acetic
aedificium aedifici- building edifice
alacer alacr- quick alacrity
albus alb- white albino, album
alius ali- other alias, alien
anima anim- soul, life animal, animate
animus anim- mind, anger animosity
annus ann- year annual, annuity
ānser ānser- goose anserine
aqua aqu- water aquamarine, aquatic, aquarium, aqueduct
audāx audāc- brave, bold audacious
auris aur- ear aural
avis avi- bird avian, aviary
bellum bell- war antebellum, bellicose, belligerence, rebel
brachium brac- arm, support embrace, braces, bracelet
bonus– melior– optimus
bon-– melior-– optim-
good– better– best
bonus– ameliorate– optimist
bōs bov- cow, ox bovine
butyrum butyr- butter butyric
calx calc- pebble calculus, calculation
canis can- dog canid, canine
capillus capill- hair capillaries
cervīx cervīc- neck cervical, cervix
cīvis cīv- citizen civil, civilian
clāvicula clāvicul- little key clavicle
cor cor- heart cordial, accord, courage
coniūnx coniug- spouse conjugal
cornū corn- horn Capricorn, unicorn
deus de- god deity, deification
diēs diē- day diary, quotidian
digitus digit- finger, toe digit, digital
discipulus discipul- student disciple
dominus domin- lord dominion, dominate, domain
domus dom- house domestic, domicile
equus equ- horse equestrian
falx falc- sickle falcate
fēlēs fēl- cat feline
fēlix fēlic- happy felicity, felicitations
fēmina fēmin- woman feminine, effeminate
fenestra fenestr- window defenestrate
fīlius fīli- son affiliation, filial
fīnis fīni- limit final, infinite
flōs flōr- flower floral, florist
folium foli- leaf foliage, folio, portfolio
fōrma fōrm- form, shape, beauty formal, information
fors fort- luck fortune, fortuitous
fortis fort- strength effort, fortify, fortitude
frāter frātr- brother fraternity, fratricide
frōns front- forehead front, frontal
frūx frūg- fruit frugal
fūmus fūm- smoke fume, fumigation
genus gen-birth, offspring, creation
generation, genuine
gubernat guber- drive governor
homō homin- man (human being) hominid
ignis ign- fire ignite, ignition
īnsula īnsul- island insulate, peninsula
iūdex iūdic- judge judge, judicial, adjudicate
iūs iūr- right, law justice, jurisdiction
lac lac milk lactose, lactate
lacrima lacrim- tear lachrymose
lēx lēg- law legal, alleged
lingua lingu- tonguebilingual, multilingual, linguistics, lingua franca
lūna lūn- moon lunar, lunatic
lupus lup- wolf lupine
magister magistr- master magistrate
magnus– māior– maximus
magn-– māior-– maxim-
big– bigger– biggest
magnitude– major– maximum
malus– peior–pessimus
mal-– peior-– pessim
bad– worse– worst
malevolence, malice, malignant–pejorative–pessimist
manus manu- hand, band of men manual, manuscript
mare mar- sea marine, maritime, ultramarine
māter mātr- mother matter, matron, maternal
medius medi- middle, waistmedia, medieval, medium, intermediate, immediate, mediocre
mora mor- delay moratorium
morbus morb- sickness morbid
mortuus mort- dead mortuary, moribund, morgue
nihil nihil- nothing nil, nihilism, annihilate
nox noct- night nocturnal
oculus ocul- eye inoculate, ocular
onus oner- load exonerate, onus
ovum ov- egg ovum
pater patr- father patron, paternal
pavīmentum pavīment- ground pavement
pēs ped- foot pedestrian
piscis pisc- fish pisces
prior– prīmus
prior-– prīm-
former– first
priority– prime
pulcher pulchr- beautiful pulchritude
punctum pun(c)t- point punctuation, punctual, contrapuntal
rēx rēg- king regal
rūs rūr- farm rural, rustic
semen sem- seed semen, seminal, disseminate
semi semi- halfsemicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, seminatural
seminarium semin-seed,breeding ground
seminar, seminary
sinister sinistr- left sinister
terra terr- land terrain, terrestrial, extraterrestrial
unda und- wave undulate, inundate
urbs urb- city suburb, urban
ursus urs- bear ursine
vehiculum vehicul- wagon vehicle, vehicular
vērus ver- truth veracity, verify, verity
vīlla vill- country house village, villa
vir vir- man (masculine) virile
vulpēs vulp- fox vulpine
[edit] Verbs
In some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō" prefixed with "in" becomes "incipio".
Latin verbs
Citation form
Present stem
Perfect stem
Participial stem
Meaning English derivatives
agō-igo
ag--ig-
eg- āct- do, drive
action, agenda, agent, agility, agitate, ambiguous, castigate, coagulate, cogent, cogitate, exigent, fumigate, intransigent, litigate, navigate, purge, redact, retroactive
alōal--ol--ul-
alu-alit-alt-
nourishadolescent, adult, alimentary, alimony, coalesce
ambulō ambul- ambulav- ambulat- walk amble, ambulance, ambulatory
amō am- amav- amat- like, love amateur, enamor
apōap-api-epi-
ap-apt--ept-
fasten adapt, apt, inept
ardeō ard- ars- ars- be on fire ardent, ardor
areō ar- – – be dry arid
arguō argu- argu- argut- argue
audeō aud- aus-
audiō aud- audiv- audit- hear audible, audition
augeō aug- aux- auct- increase augmentation
aveō av- avarice, avid
bibō bib- bib- bibit- drink imbibe
cadō-cido
cad--cid-
cecid- cas- fallaccident, cadence, case, deciduous, incident
caedōcaed--cid-
cecid-caes--cis-
cutconcise, decision, excise, incision, precise
caleō cal- calu- - be warm calorie
canōcan--cin-
cecin-cant--cent-
sing cantor, recant
capiō-cipiō
cap-cep--cip-
capt--cept-
takecapable, captive, recipient, reception
careō car- caru- carit- lack charity
carpō-cerpo
carp--cerp-
carps-carpt--cerpt-
pick, pluck excerpt
caveō cav- cav- caut- beware caution, caveat, precaution
cēdō cēd- cess- cess- yield, depart accede, excessive, recede, recession
cēlō-culo
cēl--cul-
celav-celat--cult-
hide conceal, occult
cenō cen- cenav- cenat- dine
cernō cern- crev- cret- separate, sift discern, discrete, excretion
cieō ci- civ- cit- excitement, incite
cingō cing- cinx- cinct-encircle, gird
cincture, succinct
clāmō clām- clāmāv- clāmāt- callacclamation, clamor, exclaim, proclamation
claudō-clūdō
claud--clūd-
claus-claus--clūs-
closeclause, conclude, exclusive, occlusion, preclude
clinō clin- clinav- clinat- lean inclination, recline
cogitō cogit- cogitav- cogitat-think, ponder
cogitate
colligō collig- colleg- collect- collect collect
cōnor con- conat- - try conation
coquō coqu- cox- coct- cook concoct, decoction, precocious
cubō cub- cubu- cubat- lie incubator, succubus
-cumbō -cumb- -cubu- -cubit- lie incumbent, recumbence, succumb
cupiō cup- cupiv- cupit- desire cupidity
currō curr- cucurr- curs- run current, recursion
dicō dic- dix- dict- say diction, edict, prediction
dō d-ded--did-
dat--dit-
giveaddendum, dative, editor, perdition, tradition
doceō doc- docu- doct- teach doctor
doleō dol- dolui dolit- grieve dolor, condolence
dormiō dorm- dormiv- dormit- sleep dormitory
dubitō dubit- dubitav- dubitat- doubt indubitable
ducō duc- dux- duct- lead conductor, deduce
edō ed- ed- es- eat edible
emō-imo
em--im-
em- empt- buy redeem, redemption
eō e- i- it- go ambition, exit, obituary, transit
errō err- errav- errat- stray errant, erratic, erratum
faciō-ficiō
fac-fec--fic-
fact--fect-
make deficient, effective, facile, factory
faveō fav- favu- favit- favor
fendō fend- - fens- defend, offensive
ferō fer- tul- lāt- bear, bringconifer, difference, fertile, refer, relate
fīgō fīg- fīx- fix- fix crucifixion
findō find- fid- fiss- cleave, split bifid, fission
fingō fing- finx- fict-fashion, invent
fiction
fiō fi- - - be made
flectō flect- flex- flex- bend deflect, reflex
flō fl- flav- flat- blow flatulence, inflate
fluō flu- flux- flux- flow effluent, influx
for f- – fat- say, speakaffable, fabulous, fame, fate, ineffable, infant
frangō-fringo
frang--fring-
freg- fract- break fracture, infringe
frigeō frig- - - be cold frigid
fruor fru- fruct- - enjoy
fugiō fug- fug- fugit- flee fugitive, refugee
fundō fund- fūd- fūs- pour effusive, fusion, refund
fungor fung- – funct- do fungible, function
gaudeō gaud- - gavis- rejoice
gerō ger- gess- gest- carry agger, digest, ingest
gradior-gredior
gradi--gredi-
–gress--gress-
stepegress, gradient, ingredient, progressive, transgression
gustō gust- gustav- gustat- taste gustation, gustatory
habeō-hibeo
habe--hibe-
habu-habit--hibit-
haveexhibit, habitual, inhibitory, prohibitive
haereō haer- haes- haes- cling, stick adhere, cohesion
halōhal--hel-
halav- halat- breathe exhale, inhalation
hauriō hauri- haus- haust- draw exhaust
hiō hi- hiav- hiat- gape hiatus
iaceō iac- iacu- jacit- be thrown, adjacent
lie
iaciō-iciō
iac-iec-(j)ic-
jact--ject-
throw inject, projectile
irascor irasc- irat- - be angry irascible, irate
labor lab- laps- – slide, slip collapse, elapse, labile, relapse
laciō-licio
lac--lic-
–-lect-
lure delicious, elicit, illicit
laudō laud- laudav- laudat- praise laud, laudable
lavō lav- lav- laut- wash lavatory
lēgō lēg- legav- legat- allege, delegate, relegation
libō lib- libav- libat- pour libation
ligō lig- ligav- ligat- bind ligament, ligature, obligation
linquō linqu- liqu- lict- abandon derelict, relinquish
locō loc- locav- locat- place, put allocate, location
luceō luc- lux- –be light, shine
lucent, pellucid
luctor luct- luctat- – wrestle reluctance
lūdō lūd- lūs- lūs- play collude, illusion, ludicrous
luō lu- lu- lut- wash dilute, pollution
maneō man- mans- mans- stayimmanent, mansion, permanent, remain
mānō mān- manav- manat- flow emanation
meō me- meav- meat- go, pass permeate
mergō merg- mers- mers- dip emerge, immerse
misceō misc- miscu- mixt- mix admixture, mixture
mittō mitt- mīs- miss- send commit, missive
molō mol- molu- molit- grind demolition, molar
moneō mon- monu- monit- warn admonition, monitor, premonition
moveō mov- mov- mot- move motion, motive, motor, move
narrō narr- narrav- narrat- tell narrative, narrator
nascor nasc- –nat-gnat-
be bornagnate, innate, nascent, natal, prenatal
natō nat- natav- natat- float, swim natatorium
necō nec- necav- necat- kill enecate
nectō nect- nexu- nex- join, tie annex, connect, nexus
nōscō-gnōscō
nōsc--gnōsc-
nosc-nōt--gnōt-, -gnit-
know notable, cognitive
nuntiō nunt- nuntiav- nuntiat- bring news announce, renunciation
of, announce
ōdi od- - - hate odious, odium
optō opt- optav- optat- choose adopt, opt
orior ori- – ort- rise abort, orient
orō or- orav- orat- speak orator, perorate
palleō pall- pallu- - be pale pallid, pallor
pangō-pingo
pang--ping-
pepig- pact- fasten compact, impinge
pareō par- paru- parit- be ready apparent, apparition
pariōpar--per-
peper-part--pert-
biparous, vivipary
parō par- parav- parat- make ready prepare, reparation, separate
pateō pat- patu- - be open patent
patior pat- pass- - passive, patient
pellō pell- pepul- puls- push propel, repulsion
pendeō pend- – hang dependent, propensity
pendō pend- pepend- pens- weighcompendium, dispense, expend, pensive
petō pet- petiv- petit- seek, attackappetite, compete, impetus, petulant, repetition
placeō-pliceō
plac--plic-
placu-placit--plicit-
please complacent, placid
placō plac- placav- placat- placate
plangō plang- planx- planct- plangent
plaudō-plodō
plaud--plod-
plaus-plaus--plos-
clap applaud, explode, plausible
plectō plect- plex- plex- plait complexity, perplex
pleō ple- plev- plet- fillcompletion, deplete, plenary, replete, supplement
plicō plic- plicav- plicat- foldcomplicate, duplication, multiplicand, replicate
plōrō plor- plorav- plorat- deplore, implore
pōnō pōn- posu- posit- put component, juxtaposition
portō port- portav- portat- carry deport, portage, transportation
potō pot- potav- potat- drink potable
precor prec- precat- - pray deprecate, precarious
prehendōprehend-prend-
prehend-prehens-prens-
graspapprehension, comprehend, prehensile, reprehensible
premō-primō
prem--prim-
press- press- pushimprimatur, oppress, pressure, repression
pugnō pugn- pugnav- pugnat- fight impugn, pugnacious, repugnant
putō put- putav- putat- think compute, putative
quaerō-quiro
quaer--quir-
quaesiv-quaesit--quisit-
search, seekacquisition, inquire, perquisite, query
rapiō-ripio
rap--rip-
rapu-rapt--rept-
rape, rapidity, rapture, surreptitious
recordor record- recor- recordat-remember, recall
record
regō-rigo
reg--rig-
rex- rect- keep straightcorrection, director, dirigible, incorrigible, rectitude
rideō ride- ris- ris- laugh, smile derision, ridiculous
rigeō rig- – – be stiff rigid, rigor
rodō rod- ros- ros- gnaw corrode, erosion, rodent
rogō rog- rogav- rogat- ask abrogate, derogatory, interrogation
rumpō rump- rup- rupt- break, burst eruption, interrupt, rupture
saliō-silio
sal--sil-
salu- salt- jump resilient, salient
scīō sci- sciv- scit- know plebiscite, science
scrībō scrīb- scrips- scrīpt- write describe, scripture, scribble
sedeō-sideo
sede--side-
sed- sess- sitinsidious, reside, sedentary, sediment, session, supersede
sentiō senti- sens- sens- feel consensus, dissent, sentient
sequor sequ-secut- sum
follow consecutive, sequence
serō ser- seru- sert- desert, insertion, series
serpō serp- serps- serpt- crawl serpent
serviō serv- serviv- servit- serve servile, servitude
servō serv- servav- servat- save conservation, observant, preserve
sistō sist- stet- stat-cause to stand
consistent, insist, persist, subsist
solvō solv- solv- solut- loosen absolve, dissolve, solution
spirō spir- spirav- spirat- breathe aspiration, inspire, respiration
sternō stern- strav- strat-spread, strew
prostrate, stratum
stō st- stet- stat- standconstant, stable, stance, stationary, status
struō stru- strux- struct- construe, destruction
suadeō suad- suas- suas- dissuade, persuasion
sum es- fu- futur- be essence, future
sūmō sum- sumps- sumpt- take consumption, presume
suō su- su- sūt- sew suture
taceōtac--tic-
tacu- tacit- keep silent reticent, tacit
tangō-tingo
tang--ting-
tetig- tact- touchcontact, contingent, tactile, tangent, tangible
tegō teg- tex- tect- cover detect, integument, protect
tendō tend- tetend- tens- stretch extend, tension
teneō-tineo
ten--tin-
tenu--tinu-
tent- have, holdcontinent, detention, maintain, retain, sustain, tenet
terō ter- triv- trit- rub, wear attrition, contrite, detritus
texō tex- texu- text- weavecontext, pretext, subtext, textile, texture
timeō tim- timu- - be afraid timidity
tinniō tinn- tinniv- tinnit- ring tinnitus
trahō trah- trax- tract- drag, drawabstract, detract, distract, extract, protractor, retract, subtrahend, traction
tumeō tum- tumu- - be swollen tumescent, tumid, tumor
utor ut- - us- use use, utility
vacō vac- vacav- vacat- be empty vacant, vacation
vadō vad- vas- vas- go evade, invasion, pervasive
valeō val- valu- valit- be strong prevalent, valence, valid, valor
vehō veh- vex- vect- carry convection, vector, vehicle
vellō vell- vuls- vuls- convulse, revulsion
veniō ven- ven- vent- come convene, prevention
vertō vert- vert- vers- turn reverse, revert, version
videō vidē- vid- vīs- see provident, video, vision
vincō vinc- vic- vict- conquer, win convince, eviction, victory
vivō viv- vix- vict- liverevive, victim, victorious, vivacity, vivid
vocō voc- vocav- vocat- call convocation, provocative
volō vol- volav- volat- fly volatile
volō vell- volu- – wish benevolent, malevolent, volition
volvō volv- volv- volūt- roll convolution, evolve, revolution
vorō vor- vorav- vorat- swallow carnivore, devour, voracious
voveō vov- vov- vot- vow votive
[edit] Prepositions used to form compound words
Latin prepositions
Word Meaning Prefixes
ā, ab away from ab-, a-, abs-, as-
ad to, toward ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, ar-
(ambi) around ambi-, amb-
ante before ante-, anti-
circum around circum-
cis this side of cis-
contrā against, opposite to contra-, contro-
cum together, with con-, co-, col-, com-, cor-
dē down from de-
dis- apart dis-, di-, dif-, dir-
ex, ē from, out of ex-, e-, ef-
extrā outside extra-
in in, into in-, il-, im-, ir-
īnfrā below infra-
inter among, between inter-, intel-
intrā within intra-, intro-
iuxtā beside juxta-
ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, oc-, of-, op-
paene almost pen-
per thorough, through per-
post after, behind post-
prae before pre-
praeter by, past preter-
prō for, in front of pro-, por-, prod-
(re) again, back re-, red-
sē apart, without se-, sed-
sub from below, under, up to, close to sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sus-
subter beneath subter-
super above, over super-
suprā above, more than supra-
trāns across trans-, tra-, tran-
ultrā beyond ultra-