LBS Presentation 060511v3

Information TechnologyInformation Technology I I Special TopicsSpecial Topics

Location Based ServiceLocation Based Servicess

陳秋男陳秋男 P93747001P93747001

蔡政賢蔡政賢 P93747003P93747003

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AgendaAgenda

Emergence of LBSEmergence of LBSWhat is LBS?What is LBS?Basic Use CasesBasic Use CasesLocation Service ConceptsLocation Service ConceptsResearch IssuesResearch Issues PrivacyPrivacy Interoperability and StandardInteroperability and Standard

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Technical Business Innovations Technical Business Innovations

18761876 TelephoneTelephone19801980 FAXFAX19951995 InternetInternet19991999 e-Everythinge-Everything20002000 m – GIS and LBSm – GIS and LBS

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ConvergenceConvergence

The convergence of multiple technologiesThe convergence of multiple technologies InternetInternet Wireless communicationWireless communication Geographic information systemGeographic information system Location technologiesLocation technologies Mobile devicesMobile devices

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Emerging mobile computing Emerging mobile computing applicationapplication

Often need to know where things are physically Often need to know where things are physically located.located. Location services, wireless location services, mobile Location services, wireless location services, mobile

location-based serviceslocation-based servicesRelating location to other pertinent information Relating location to other pertinent information gives meaning and valuegives meaning and value We need directions from one place to another.We need directions from one place to another. We want to interact naturally with I/O devices We want to interact naturally with I/O devices

available in our environment.available in our environment.Allow that mobile users (MUs) use services Allow that mobile users (MUs) use services based in their position or geographic locationbased in their position or geographic location

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Emergence of Location Based Emergence of Location Based ServicesServices

1980 1990 2000 2005

Mar

ket S

ize

$1 Billion

$5 Billion

$10 Billion

GIS Market

Internet and Mobile Location Services Market

InflectionPoint

Time

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Nokia prognosis for 3G mobile Nokia prognosis for 3G mobile communicationcommunicationMonthly income pr. user in euro (1 euro = 1 USD ca.)

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Location based services

Commercials

EntertainmentInformation servicesPayment transactionsMusic and videoInternet surfingDownload from internetChat on internetMultimedia messages

Text messages

Vide conferencing

Normal speech

Fixed subscription fees

Div. telecomm.

Photo messages

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AgendaAgenda


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What is location-based service?What is location-based service?Definition 1 :Definition 1 : LBSs are information services accessible with mobile LBSs are information services accessible with mobile

devices through the mobile network and utilizing the devices through the mobile network and utilizing the ability to make use of the location of the mobile ability to make use of the location of the mobile device. (Virrantaus et al. 2001)device. (Virrantaus et al. 2001)

Definition 2 :Definition 2 : A wireless-IP service that uses geographic A wireless-IP service that uses geographic

information to serve a mobile user. Any application information to serve a mobile user. Any application service that exploits the position of a mobile terminal. service that exploits the position of a mobile terminal. (Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC, 2005))(Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC, 2005))

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What is location-based service?What is location-based service?A two way communication and interactionA two way communication and interaction User : tells the information he needs, User : tells the information he needs,

preferences and positionpreferences and position Provider : deliver information tailored to the Provider : deliver information tailored to the

user needsuser needsTo answer :To answer : Where am I ?Where am I ? What is near by ?What is near by ? How Can I go to ?How Can I go to ?

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LBS as an intersection of LBS as an intersection of technologiestechnologies

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Basic ComponentsBasic Components

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AgendaAgenda


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Basic uses of CasesBasic uses of Cases

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AgendaAgenda


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Location service conceptsLocation service concepts

The DeviceThe Device Cell phone Cell phone Palm top Palm top Lap-top Lap-top Kiosk Kiosk Car-based computerCar-based computer Cell antenna Cell antenna Mobile deviceMobile device DisplayDisplay

ActorsActors

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The Location The Location Point and ReferencePoint and Reference Segmented LineSegmented Line AddressAddress RouteRoute Descriptive DirectionsDescriptive Directions GazetteerGazetteer DirectionDirection PolygonPolygon

Payload ItemsPayload Items

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The ServiceThe Service– Routing– Avoiding Traffic– Tourism– Regional Attractions– Event Handling– Maps and Backdrops– Guidance– Preference

Service ProvidersService Providers

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Building Blocks of Location Building Blocks of Location ServicesServices

LocationServers

DirectoriesDemographics

EventsAssets

RoutesMaps

Service Points

Sites

Positions

Transactions

Reports, GraphicViews, Messages

Basic Functions

Directory

Distribution

Position

Route

Proximity Description

Suitability

Distance

Selection

Relationship

Area

Presentation

Inventory Frequency

Pattern Trend

2020

Location Services System ConceptLocation Services System ConceptGPS

Location(Application)Service Client & Positioning SW/HW

Location

Content

Servers

LocationApp

Server

Database Engine

MobileTerminal

Internetor

Intranet

GSM

Wireless - IP Platform(Core Network)

MobilePositioning

Server

GatewayServices

NetworkServices

NetworkManagement

Control

LocationApp

Servers

OpenLS Interface Focus Areas

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Location TechnologiesLocation Technologies

Network-basedNetwork-based Technologies that exploit the cellular infrastructure to Technologies that exploit the cellular infrastructure to

obtain geo-location information.obtain geo-location information.Handset-basedHandset-based Location intelligence is stored within terminalLocation intelligence is stored within terminalEach of these groups may be divided into:Each of these groups may be divided into: The MU uses signal transmitted by the base stations The MU uses signal transmitted by the base stations

to calculate its own positionto calculate its own position The base stations measure the signals transmitted by The base stations measure the signals transmitted by

the MU and relay them to a central site for the MU and relay them to a central site for processing.processing.

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Location TechnologiesLocation Technologiesnetwork-basednetwork-based

CGI+TA CGI+TA (Cell Global Identity + Timing Advance)(Cell Global Identity + Timing Advance)

X,Y

Cell Size

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UL-TOA (Uplink Time of Arrival)UL-TOA (Uplink Time of Arrival)

Mobile

Base Station 1

1T =distance 1Base Station 2

Base Station 32T

3T

=distance 2

=distance 3

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AOA (Angle of Arrival)AOA (Angle of Arrival)

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Location TechnologiesLocation Technologieshandset-basedhandset-based

GPS (Global Positioning System)GPS (Global Positioning System)AGPS (Network Assisted GPS)AGPS (Network Assisted GPS)

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Location TechnologiesLocation Technologieshandset-basedhandset-based

EOTD EOTD (Enhanced Observed Time Difference)(Enhanced Observed Time Difference)

Base Station 1

Base Station 2

Base Station 3Mobile

Clock time 3

Clock time 2

Clock time 1

Difference 1-2Difference 1-3

Difference 2-3

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AgendaAgenda

Emergence of LBSEmergence of LBSWhat is LBS?What is LBS?Basic Use CasesBasic Use CasesLocation Service ConceptsLocation Service ConceptsResearch IssuesResearch Issues The complete LBS systemThe complete LBS system Interoperability and StandardInteroperability and Standard

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Research issuesResearch issues

Real-Time Location Information,Real-Time Location Information, where is the nearest incident investigation site?where is the nearest incident investigation site? Where is the nearest hospital, restaurant?Where is the nearest hospital, restaurant?

Tracking,Tracking,Traffic Monitoring and Routing,Traffic Monitoring and Routing,Telematics,Telematics,Real Time Bus Location Information Real Time Bus Location Information Systems.Systems.

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Spatial DataSpatial DataEssential component of LBS architectureEssential component of LBS architecture Storing and analyzing spatial dataStoring and analyzing spatial dataGeographical Information System (GIS)Geographical Information System (GIS) Refers to the computer-based capability to manipulate Refers to the computer-based capability to manipulate

geographic datageographic dataMaps or images can be stored in vector or raster Maps or images can be stored in vector or raster format.format.A spatial object must have:A spatial object must have: Location: a known pointLocation: a known point Form: a geometric representationForm: a geometric representation Attribute: the nature of the objectAttribute: the nature of the object Spatial relationship: the boundary of an areaSpatial relationship: the boundary of an area

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Mobile Network

The Complete LBS SystemThe Complete LBS System

LBS Application Server + Spatial

Functions

Spatial Database

Billing Server

Service Gateway

API

API API

API

SMS, GPRS, Wireless Internet

WML

WML/HTML

BS

BSAGPS

AGPS

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Traffic Information Services is NOT So Traffic Information Services is NOT So Simple Simple

(You are about to join a ten kilometer traffic queue)(You are about to join a ten kilometer traffic queue)Create a planned routeCreate a planned routePeriodically get device locationPeriodically get device locationPosition device on appropriate transportation network (usually Position device on appropriate transportation network (usually streets)streets) Route May be expressed as segmented line expressionRoute May be expressed as segmented line expression Examine planned route for obstaclesExamine planned route for obstacles

Compute work-around if obstacle is discoveredCompute work-around if obstacle is discoveredProcess and Present (portray) work-aroundProcess and Present (portray) work-aroundObtain background road networks with street and place names Obtain background road networks with street and place names with scale and map up date as device moves with scale and map up date as device moves Highlight planned routeHighlight planned route Highlight work-around routeHighlight work-around route

Explain the obstacleExplain the obstacle

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Maneuver ExamplesManeuver ExamplesTurn onto street BTurn onto street BBear to remain on street ABear to remain on street AU-turn on street AU-turn on street ATurn to stay on highway ATurn to stay on highway ATurn onto ramp BTurn onto ramp BTurn to enter a roundabout: pass n roads before Turn to enter a roundabout: pass n roads before exitingexitingEntering a boat ferryEntering a boat ferryTurn to stay on street A (fork)Turn to stay on street A (fork)Stay straight through complex intersectionStay straight through complex intersection

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Advisory ExamplesAdvisory Examples

Approaching a toll boothApproaching a toll boothExiting a tunnelExiting a tunnelEntering a bridgeEntering a bridgeEntering a new countryEntering a new countryRoad name changesRoad name changesRoads MergeRoads MergeApproaching Intermediate WayPointApproaching Intermediate WayPointApproaching DestinationApproaching DestinationWalk To DestinationWalk To Destination

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3:30 PM4:00 PM

4:30 PM 5:00 PM

Peak-hour Link Time Table

Non Peak-hour Link Time Table

Origin

Destination

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Forecasting Spatio-Temporal Link Travel Time

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Cost Functions for Routing and Cost Functions for Routing and NavigationNavigation

Find a route from my current position, stopping at a gas station for 10 gallons of gas, a pharmacy to pick up a bottle of Advil, and a flower shop for a dozen roses before arriving home. Three costs are involved:

(1) the purchasing and stopping costs, (2) costs related to the time spent on the road,

and (3) distance related costs such as gasoline used,

and the wear and tear from the use of a car.

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Interoperability and standardInteroperability and standard

Life without standardsLife without standards

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Kinds of standards- Four TypesKinds of standards- Four TypesBy Level of By Level of CoverageCoverage

InternationalInternationalMultinational, RegionalMultinational, RegionalNationalNationalLocalLocal

By Level of By Level of PrescriptivenessPrescriptiveness

Recommended Practice: Recommended Practice: AdvisoryAdvisoryInformation Report: Information Report: InformativeInformativeStandard: NormativeStandard: Normative

By FunctionBy FunctionDesign StandardsDesign Standards

Interface StandardsInterface Standards

Framework StandardsFramework Standards

Performance StandardsPerformance Standards

Testing MethodsTesting Methods

TerminologyTerminology

By Development By Development ProcessProcess

De factoDe factoRegulatoryRegulatoryConsensusConsensus

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A conceptual architecture for A conceptual architecture for LBSLBS

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Transferring geospatial Data Transferring geospatial Data between different h/w & s/wbetween different h/w & s/w

S/W 2 S/W 1Standard

Geospatial data Geospatial data

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SummarySummary

Several alternative location methods under Several alternative location methods under developmentdevelopment Sensor drivenSensor driven

Each application has its necessary accuracyEach application has its necessary accuracyAchieving accurate location in urban areas is Achieving accurate location in urban areas is challenging because of the effects of buildingschallenging because of the effects of buildingsStandardization is focused on time-difference Standardization is focused on time-difference methods and the use of GPSmethods and the use of GPS

Documents

LBS Presentation 060511v3