LOGISTICS

TM HIU V LEAN

NHM 6 1. Nguyn Th Bch Ngc 2. Nguyn Phng Anh 3. L Thu Hin 4. Nguyn Thu Hng 5. L Th Dung 6. Nguyn Th Ly 7. Phm Hoa Qunh 8. Nguyn Th Hng Vn 9. ng Chnh 10. Nguyn Thi Dng 11. Phm c Thng

LOGISTICS

PHN I: TM HIU V LEAN V LEAN MANUFACTURING (H THNG SN XUT TINH GN) 1. LEAN Lean l mt cng c ci tin nng sut cht lng mang tnh "cch mng". Vi mc ch tinh gn trong mi hot ng qun l, kinh doanh, sn xut, ... Lean hng ti vic ct b cc phn tha, cc phn lng ph, khng cn thit cho vic to ra gi tr sn phm. Cc quan im chnh ca lean - Sng to trc khi b vn: lean quan tm n tp hp sng kin v gii php ca c nhm thay v u t vi chi ph vn ln. Nhng ngi lm vic trong cng qu trnh phi cng nhau tho lun khai thc nhng kinh nghim, k nng v tr c ca tp th nhm to ra k hoch gim lng ph v c cc ci tin qu trnh. p dng ngay mt gii php tuy cha hon ho nhng ng lc th tt hn l p dng mt gii php hon thin nhng li mun. Cn tin hnh kp thi. Lu kho khng phi l c ti sn d tr m l lng ph hoc phi mt chi ph. - S dng phng php Hoch nh Tin hnh Kim tra Khc phc trin khai cc ci tin c khi pht trin v sa i. - Khi c bt u th s phi tin hnh lin tc lean v n l qu trnh khng c im kt thc. Thng thng, ti 95% thi gian sn xut chnh (lead time) khng tng gi tr. Rt ngn khong cch gia thi gian sn xut chnh vi thi gian qu trnh thc s bng cch loi b thi gian v cc kt qu khng gia tng gi tr v c chi ph v thi gian chu trnh. Henrry ford ngi sng lp ra hng t ford nhn thy iu ny t nm 1926, khi ng ni: mt trong nhng thnh tu ng gi nht khi gi c gi cc sn phm ca ford thp l thu ngn dn chu trnh sn xut. Mt chi tit cng di v cng chuyn ng trong qu trnh sn xut th chi ph ti u ca n cng ln. - Cc cng c v k thut c s dng gii thiu, duy tr v ci tin h thng lean c xem nh l cc khi xy dng lean (S c trnh by c th hn phn II). Bao gm: 1. 5S: Nm bc c a vo h thng ny nhm t chc ni lm vic v tiu chun ho u bt u bng cc ch S trong ting Nht (Serri Sng lc, Seiton Sp xp, Seiso Sch s, Seiketsu Sn sc, Shitsuke Sn sng).

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2. Cc kim sot trc quan: tt c cc hot ng sn xut, lp t, trang b v cc ch s c a ln bng tin mi ngi c lin quan c th hiu ngay c thc trng ca h thng. 3. V lu sn xut: b tr ca nh my c thit k c th vn hnh ti u. 4. Cng vic c chun ha: Vic thc hin mt mc tiu phi nht qun vi cc phng php c miu t m khng gy lng ph v phi nh hng theo chuyn ng ca nhn vin. 5. Gim quy m m sn xut th nghim: quy m m hng tt nht l sn xut mt loi hng. Nu khng ph hp th gim quy m m hng n mc nh nht nu c th. 6. Cc nhm: trong mi trng lean, trng tm t vo lm vic theo nhm, cho d l cc nhm ci tin hay cc nhm lm vic hng ngy. 7. Cht lng ngay t ngun: Vic kim tra v kim sot qu trnh c tin hnh bi nhng cng nhn sn xut trc tip. Do vy, sn phm t mi c chuyn ti qu trnh tip theo. 8. Lu tr trong kho: Nguyn vt liu, cc ph tng, thng tin, cng c, cc tiu chun v quy trnh lm vic c gi ni m h cn. 9. Thay i nhanh: Kh nng thay i cng c v thit b nhanh chng (thng thng tnh theo n v pht) cho php nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau trong cc m nh hn c th c sn xut lin tc trn cng thit b. 10. Lc ko v kanban: theo h thng sn xut lin tc ny v cc hng dn giao hng t cc hot ng t trn xung v t di ln, nh cung ng t trn xung s khng sn xut cho ti khi khch hng t di ln c du hiu l c nhu cu, s dng h thng kanban. 11. Lu : Mc ch ca ton b lu sn xut l lin kt mt cch c hc v sp xp cc bc th cng v cc qu trnh my mc sao cho c c s kt hp hiu qu nht. T , ti a ha gi tr gia tng v gim thiu ha c cc lng ph. 12. Bo dng nng sut ton din: Chin lc bo dng thit b theo lean ti a ha c hiu sut thit b tng th. Mt khi xy dng tng tc vi nhau v c th c p dng ci ny trc, ci kia sau. Bn cnh cn c th p dng cc phng php khc nh JIT, pht hin sai li (poke yoke), t ng ha (jikoda) v ci tin thng xuyn (kaizen). V d: Qu trnh lean thng bao gm cc bc sau:

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1. 2.

Xc nh v thnh lp nhm ci tin thay i. Lp ti liu v cc thay i hin nay.

3. Thng qua ly kin tp th, phn tch s thay i v xc nh cc cch thc gim, loi b, cng c hoc cc bc chng minh l c li v chuyn t nhim v v thi gian ni b sang bn ngoi. 4. 5. 6. Tin hnh cc ci tin v theo di kt qu. Vch lu tt c cc kha cnh ca qu trnh thay i. Chun ha cc qu trnh ci tin. Cam kt, thc hnh lu di t lnh o cp cao. o to tt c cc nhn vin v cc khi xy dng lean.

Ba thnh phn ct yu tin hnh lean thnh cng l: 1. 2.

3. Qun l thay i vn ha tt trong sut qu trnh chuyn i tr lc y truyn thng sang tm l lc ko ca lean. Lean Production khng phi l mt phng php, hay mt nhm cc phng php. Hiu mt cch su sc nht, Lean phi l mt trit l sn xut. 2. LEAN MANUFACTURING (LEAN PRODUCTION)

Lean Manufacturing (tm dch l Sn Xut Tinh Gn) l mt nhm phng php, hin ang c p dng ngy cng rng ri trn khp th gii, nhm loi b lng ph v

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nhng bt hp l trong quy trnh sn xut, c chi ph thp hn v tnh cnh tranh cao hn cho nh sn xut. 2.1. Mc Tiu ca Lean Manufacturing: Lean Manufacturing (Lean Production) l mt h thng cc cng c v phng php nhm lin tc loi b tt c nhng lng ph trong qu trnh sn xut. Li ch chnh ca h thng ny l gim chi ph sn xut, tng sn lng, v rt ngn thi gian sn xut. C th hn, cc mc tiu bao gm: 1. Ph phm v s lng ph - Gim ph phm v cc lng ph hu hnh khng cn thit, bao gm s dng vt nh mc nguyn vt liu u vo, ph phm c th ngn nga, chi ph lin quan n ti ch ph phm, v cc tnh nng trn sn phm vn khng c khch hng yu cu. 2. Chu k sn xut - Gim thi gian quy trnh v chu k sn xut bng cch gim thiu thi gian ch i gia cc cng on, cng nh thi gian chun b cho quy trnh v thi gian chuyn i mu m hay quy cch sn phm. 3. Mc tn kho - Gim thiu mc hng tn kho tt c cng on sn xut, nht l sn phm d dang gia cc cng on. Mc tn kho thp hn ng ngha vi yu cu vn lu ng t hn. 4. Nng sut lao ng - Ci thin nng sut lao ng, bng cch va gim thi gian nhn ri ca cng nhn, ng thi phi m bo cng nhn t nng sut cao nht trong thi gian lm vic (khng thc hin nhng cng vic hay thao tc khng cn thit). 5. Tn dng thit b v mt bng - S dng thit b v mt bng sn xut hiu qu hn bng cch loi b cc trng hp n tc v gia tng ti a hiu sut sn xut trn cc thit b hin c, ng thi gim thiu thi gian dng my. 6. Tnh linh ng C kh nng sn xut nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau mt cch linh ng hn vi chi ph v thi gian chuyn i thp nht. 7. Sn lng Nu c th gim chu k sn xut, tng nng sut lao ng, gim thiu n tc v thi gian dng my, cng ty c th gia tng sn lng mt cch ng k t c s vt cht hin c. Hu ht cc li ch trn u dn n vic gim gi thnh sn xut v d nh, vic s dng thit b v mt bng hiu qu hn dn n chi ph khu hao trn n v sn phm s thp hn, s dng lao ng hiu qu hn s dn n chi ph nhn cng cho mi n v sn phm thp hn v mc ph phm thp hn s lm gim gi vn hng bn.

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Trong mt bi iu tra ca tp ch Industry Week, cc cng ty M ang trin khai lean manufacturing cho bit trung bnh c th gim 7% gi vn hng bn nh p dng Lean. Mt cch hiu khc v Lean Manufacturing l vic nhm n mc tiu: vi cng mt mc sn lng u ra nhng c lng u vo thp hn t thi gian hn, t mt bng hn, t nhn cng hn, t my mc hn, t vt liu hn v t chi ph hn. Khi cng ty Lantech, mt cng ty sn xut thit b ca M hon tt vic trin khai Lean nm 1995, cng ty cho bit t c cc ci tin sau so vi h thng sn xut theo l sn phm trong nm 1991 (theo James Womack, Daniel Jones & Daniel Roos: "The Machine that Changed the World"): Mt bng sn xut trn mi my gim 45%; Ph phm gim 90%; Chu k sn xut gim t 16 tun xung cn 5 ngy 14 gi; v Thi gian giao hng gim t 4-20 tun xung cn 1-4 tun. 2.2. Cc Nguyn Tc Chnh ca Lean Manufacturing: Cc nguyn tc chnh trong Lean Manufacturing c th c tm tt nh sau: 1. Nhn thc v s lng ph Bc u tin l nhn thc v nhng g c v nhng g khng lm tng thm gi tr t gc khch hng4. Bt k vt liu, quy trnh hay tnh nng no khng to thm gi tr theo quan im ca khch hng c xem l tha v nn loi b. V d nh vic vn chuyn vt liu gia cc phn xng l lng ph v c kh nng c loi b. 2. Chun ho quy trnh Lean i hi vic trin khai cc hng dn chi tit cho sn xut, gi l Quy Trnh Chun, trong ghi r ni dung, trnh t, thi gian v kt qu cho tt cc thao tc do cng nhn thc hin. iu ny gip loi b s khc bit trong cch cc cng nhn thc hin cng vic. 3. Quy trnh lin tc Lean thng nhm ti vic trin khai mt quy trnh sn xut lin tc, khng b n tc, gin on, i vng li, tr v hay phi ch i. Khi c trin khai thnh cng, thi gian chu k sn xut s c gim n 90%. 4. Sn xut "Pull" Cn c gi l Just-in-Time (JIT), sn xut Pull ch trng ch sn xut nhng g cn v vo lc cn n. Sn xut c din ra di tc ng ca cc cng on sau, nn mi phn xng ch sn xut theo yu cu ca cng on k tip.

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5. Cht lng t gc Lean nhm ti vic loi tr ph phm t gc v vic kim sot cht lng c thc hin bi cc cng nhn nh mt phn cng vic trong quy trnh sn xut. 6. Lin tc ci tin Lean i hi s c gng t n s hon thin bng cch khng ngng loi b nhng lng ph khi pht hin ra chng. iu ny cng i hi s tham gia tch cc ca cng nhn trong qu trnh ci tin lin tc. 2.3. Lch S ca Lean Manufacturing:

Nhiu khi nim v Lean Manufacturing bt ngun t H thng sn xut Toyota (TPS) v c dn trin khai xuyn sut cc hot ng ca Toyota t nhng nm 1950. T trc nhng nm 1980, Toyota ngy cng c bit n nhiu hn v tnh hiu qu trong vic trin khai h thng sn xut Just-In-Time (JIT). Ngy nay, Toyota thng c xem l mt trong nhng cng ty sn xut hiu qu nht trn th gii v l cng ty a ra chun mc v in hnh p dng Lean Manufacturing. Cm t Lean Manufacturing hay Lean Production xut hin ln u tin trong quyn "The Machine that Changed the World" (C my lm thay i Th gii - James Womack, Daniel Jones & Daniel Roos) xut bn nm 1990. Lean Manufacturing ang c p dng ngy cng rng ri ti cc cng ty sn xut hng u trn ton th gii, dn u l cc nh sn xut t ln v cc nh cung cp thit b cho cc cng ty ny. Lean Manufacturing ang tr thnh ti ngy cng c quan tm ti cc cng ty sn xut cc nc pht trin khi cc cng ty ny ang tm cch cnh tranh hiu qu hn i vi khu vc chu . 2.4. Nhng Doanh Nghip no s c Li t Lean Manufacturing? Lean Manufacturing c s dng rng ri nht trong cc ngnh cng nghip thin v lp rp hoc c quy trnh nhn cng lp i lp li. Trong nhng ngnh cng nghip ny, tnh hiu qu v kh nng ch tm vo chi tit ca cng nhn khi lm vic vi cc cng c th cng hoc vn hnh my mc c nh hng ln n nng sut. cc cng ty ny, h thng c ci tin c th loi b nhiu lng ph hoc bt hp l. Vi c th ny, c mt s ngnh c th bao gm x l g, may mc, lp rp xe, lp rp in t v sn xut thit b. V Lean Manufacturing loi b nhiu vn lin quan n lch sn xut v cn bng chuyn km nn Lean Manufacturing c bit thch hp cho cc cng ty cha c h thng Hoch nh Ngun lc Doanh nghip (ERP) hoc cha c h thng hoch nh yu cu vt t (MRP), lch sn xut hay iu phi sn xut.

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iu ny c bit quan trng Vit Nam v chng ti nhn thy nhiu cng ty t nhn Vit Nam ang hot ng di mc cng sut kh ng k, hoc thng giao hng khng ng hn do cc vn trong h thng qun l v ln lch sn xut. Lean Manufacturing cng thch hp cho cc ngnh c chin lc u tin vic rt ngn thi gian chu k sn xut ti mc ti thiu to c th mnh trong cnh tranh cho cng ty. Gn y mt vi doanh nghip trong nc ch ng tin hnh o to v p dng cc phng php lean nhm loi tr nhng bt hp l trong hot ng kinh doanh dn n vic ci thin thi gian quy trnh sn xut v dch v.

PHN 2: NG DNG CA LEAN Ngy nay, vic ng dng Lean khng ch dng li mi trng doanh nghip na, ngi ta thy Lean mi ni, t bnh vin, trng hc, nhng nh bn l, bn bun....v thm ch cn c th ng dng Lean trong nhng gc nh trong cuc sng thng nht. i vi bn thn doanh nghip ni ring, Lean l mt trong nhng phng thc hu dng nht gip doanh nghip ginh thng li trong mi trng cnh tranh khc lit hin nay do: Nhu cu cnh tranh hiu qu trong nn kinh t ton cu hin nay. p lc i hi gim gi t khch hng. Nhng thay i ca cng ngh mt cch nhanh chng.

nh hng ca th trng tip tc t vo cht lng, chi ph v vic giao hng ng thi hn. mun. S mong i ca khch hng gia tng khng ngng. S cn thit phi chun ha cc qu trnh lun t c kt qu nh mong

cnh tranh trong nn kinh t ngy nay, t nht bn phi phn u bng cc i th cnh tranh ton cu, nu khng ni l phi hn. iu ny khng ch ng v mt cht lng, m cn v cc chi ph, thi gian sn phm, ch bit, giao hng, lp t, phn ng v cc vn khc. p lc bin ng cn thay i

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Nhng ti sao cc doanh nghip li la chn Lean nh mt gii php ti u? Qu trnh i tm hiu nhng ng dng vt tri ca Lean s gip chng ta hiu v sao cc doanh nghip la chn Lean lm gii php chin lc ca mnh. Xt mt cch sc tch nht, Lean cp n vic mang li nhng hot ng c gi tr cao bn vic loi b lng ph v to ra nhng gi tr thc cho khch hng. Nhng ng dng ca Lean c p l dng vo 3 mng chnh: - Lean sn xut. - Lean doanh nghip - Lean t duy Qu trnh vn hnh ca Lean bao gm cc quy trnh cng vi vic p dng nhng k thut ca n vo tng khu trong sn xut, vn hnh, qun tr nhn lc, v thm ch ngay c trong t duy v thi ca tng nhn vin.....

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K thut 5S.

Sng lc sp xp sch s - sn sc sn sng 5S l mt phng php t chc mt ni lm vic, c bit l mt ni lm vic dng chung (nh mt nh xng hay mt vn phng), v gi ni mt cch c t chc. Mc ch chnh ca 5S l to tinh thn v hiu qu cho ni lm vic. S khng nh ca 5S, bng vic sp t mi th mt s v tr, l khng tiu ph thi gian cho vic tm kim nhng vt dng cn thit. Thm vo , n ch ra nhanh khi ci g b thiu bng nhng ch th v tr. Nhng ngi ng h 5S tin tng li ch ca phng php lun ny n t vic quyt nh ci g cn phi b gi, ni m n cn phi b gi, v n cn phi c ct gi ra sao. Qu trnh ra quyt nh ny thng thng n t mt tho lun v s tiu chun ha nhm xy dng mt s hiu bit r rng, bi cc nhn vin, v vic cc cng vic cn c thc hin nh th no. N cng pht huy tnh lm ch qu trnh trong mi nhn vin. Thm vo , s phn bit quan trng khc gia 5S v tiu chun ha vic gi v sinh l Seiton. Seiton thng c hiu lm, c l v nhng c gng dch ngha t ny sang ting Anh bng t bt u vi ch S (i loi nh Sort hay Straighten). Khi nim quan trng y l cn sp xp nhng mc hay nhng hot ng theo mt cch nhm y mnh lu trnh tc nghip. Chng hn, nhng cng c cn phi c gi ni s dng, nhng cng nhn khng nn thng xuyn xoay ngi ly nguyn liu, nhng lu trnh tc nghip c th c bin i ci thin hiu qu,

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Nh vy, 5S l mt trit hc v mt cch t chc v qun l khng gian lm vic v lu trnh tc nghip vi ch nhm ci thin hiu qu bng vic loi tr s tiu ph, ci thin lu trnh tc nghip v gim bt s v l ca quy trnh. 2. Kanban h thng ko

Mt trong nhng khi nim quan trng nht trong Lean Manufacturing l cc h thng y v ko. Cc m hnh sn xut truyn thng s dng h thng y, nhm mc ch bo m mi ngi v thit b u c s dng ti u. Kt qu ca vic ny l trong chui sn xut, nu cc cng on trc nhanh hn cc cng on sau, lp tc xut hin hng tn trc mi cng on cui dy chuyn. Tn kho, khi ni v hiu qu, l hao ph. N chim ch, s dng vn lun chuyn v gy ra h hng v mt gi. Tn kho c bn l ti cui dy chuyn sn xut, khi thnh phm c cht ng trong kho v ch khch hng n mua. Nguyn l ca h thng ko l kim sot c dch chuyn t u n cui dy chuyn. Nh vy, trong v d trn, Thao tc 2 cn kim sot nhng g thao tc 1 a cho h. B mt ca iu ny l th Kanban. Th kanban l thit b iu khin c tc dng ni vi ngi nhn a ti N n v, v ch N n v thi. Khi bn lm xong s lng , hy dng li! Ch i cho n khi bn c th Kanban tip theo Mu cht ca h thng ko l c th nhn thy bn c th ko vi mt kanban s lng hng nh nh th no. Bn s cn mt con s nht nh no qun l s bin i t nhin trong qu trnh, nhng bn s khng cn hn con s . Gim s lng hng c ko, thm ch ch mt, l mt cch lm r nhng vn v tht c chai c hiu qu trong h thng. Chng hn, gim bt s kanban trong v d i nm n v c th dn ti i khi pht hin Thao tc 2 nhn ri, nhng nu hon thnh vic ci tin qu trnh ti , thm ch c th c kh nng x l t hn bn n v kanban. KANBAN chnh l mt cng c vn hnh h thng JIT. mt chic nhn, thng c bc bn trong mt bao b nha. Trn KANBAN, thng cha nhng thng tin sau: Tn chi tit, sn phm c sn xut. Sc cha container. a ch, k hiu ca quy trnh lm vic trc. a ch, k hiu ca quy trnh sau.

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Ngoi cc thng tin ch yu , th tu vo loI KANBAN v tu vo tnh hnh c th ca mi doanh nghip m c th c thm nhng thng tin khc. Chc nng ca KANBAN. Hng dn: l cng c hng dn sn xut v vn chuyn.(sn xut chi tit, sn phm no, vn chuyn bao nhiu) T kim tra: ngn nga sn xut tha. MI cng on t kim tra m bo ch sn xut nhng chi tit, sn phm vI s lng cn thit, ti thi im cn thit. Kim tra bng mt: th KANBAN khng ch cha thng tin bng s m cn cha thng tin vt l. ( V d: cc th KANBAN mu trng, xanh l, v vng: mu trng hoc xanh th cha cn sn xut ngay, mu vng l tn hiu vic sn xut phI c bt u) Ci tin hot ng: KANBAN duy tr mc tn kho ti thiu, gim chi ph sn xut, nh vy doanh nghip hot ng c hiu qu hn. Gim chi ph qun l: H thng KANBAN cng gip gim chi ph qun l do hoch nh ngn hn khng cn na, bi bn cht ko ca h thng. Cc nguyn tc s dng KANBAN: Nguyn tc 1: Qu trnh sau ch ly i cc sn phm cn thit t qu trnh trc vi s lng cn thit thi im cn thit. Nguyn tc 2: Qu trnh phi sn xut s lng bng s lng ly i. Nguyn tc 3: Nhng chi tit sn phm b li khng c chuyn n qu trnh sau. Nguyn tc 4: Ti thiu s KANBAN. Nguyn tc 5: KANBAN c s dng hiu chnh i vi s thay i nh trong nhu cu. Nguyn tc 6: S lng cc b phn chi tit sn phm thc t cha trong hp hoc ng gi phi bng vi s lng ghi trn KANBAN. iu kin p dng h thng KANBAN: 1.H thng thng tin phi r rng, minh bch. 2.Dng sn xut linh hot v thng sut. 3.Thit b, my mc phi c b tr mt cch hp l. 4.Cc sn phm c thi gian thay i ngn.

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5.Cc bin ng ngu nhin cn c loi b. 6.Mi quan h vi nh cung cp phi c cng c v pht trin. 7.Lao ng a nng, c kh nng thay i ch lm vic, c th iu chnh v bo dng my mc. 8.Tiu chun ha cc b phn v n v lp rp sn phm. ngha ca KANBAN I vI h thng JIT: u im: -Cho thy c vn ln cn gii quyt ca phn xng. -Gip nm c tnh hnh my mc thit b, ph phm pht sinh da vo dng di chuyn thng tin nhanh gia cc ch lm vic. -Phi hp chc ch gia cc ch lm vic. -Thch ng qu trnh sn xut v nhu cu. -S lng tn kho l t nht. -Khng cn lp k hoch hng ngy. -Cho php dao ng 10% so vi nhu cu. -Trong phn xng, h thng kim tra KANBAN l then cht. -C kh nng hiu chnh chnh xc k hoch c lp trn MRP II. Nhc im: -Khi p dng h thng KANBAN, xng s khng c tn kho, v vy khng p ng c dao ng ln. -S ri lon ca mt cng on s lm nh hng n tan h thng.

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Quick changeover Chuyn i nhanh

Chuyn i nhanh l phng php thc hnh vic gim thi gian thay i mt dy chuyn sn xut hay my mc t sn phm ny sang sn phm khc. Thc hin thnh cng chuyn i nhanh l cha kha to li th cnh tranh cho bt k nh sn xut no trong sn xut, chun b, x l hay ng gi nhiu sn phm khc nhau trn mt my, dy chuyn hay n v lm vic. Chuyn i nhanh cho php cc nh sn xut gi t tn kho hn trong lc p ng nhu cu khch hng vi nhng sn phm thm ch t dao ng hn.

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Khi sn phm cui cng ca ln chy trc c sn xut, thit b c ngng li v kha an ton, dy chuyn c dn sch, dng c c tr li v tr quy nh, cc dng c mi s c lp t to iu kin cho vic sn xut sn phm k tip. Khi cc iu chnh c thc hin, nhng thng s quan trng c ci t (Nhit trc, bnh cha y, phu c y, vn vn ) v dn dn qu trnh khi ng bt u sn xut sn phm trong lc thc hin nhng s iu chnh v kim tra cht lng v tng tc ti tiu chun + Loi tr nhng thao tc k cn thit + thc hin ci t ngoi + Thc hin ci t trong + o lng. Lun lun o thi gian b mt do chuyn i v bt k s hao ph no c to ra trong qu trnh khi ng bn c th so snh, nh gi cc chng trnh ci tin. 4. Kaizen ci tin lin tc y cng l 1 trong nhng k thut rt quan trng trong Lean. N gip to ra v duy tr mt mi trng sn xut n nh v bn vng. Mt cch truyn thng, cc cng ty tp trung vo nh hng da trn c s cc d n cho s thay i. Nhng t chc lm vic theo hng ci tin lin tc hiu s kin Kaizen l mt cng c cho php h tp trung ti nguyn v nhn lc vo ci tin qu trnh. Bng nhng hiu bit v qu trnh hin ti v mc ch mong mun cho tng lai bn c th thc hin Kaizen. To ra mt vn ha cng ty cho s ci tin lin tc s cho php bn tr nn thch nghi vi th trng thay i lin tc v vt hn s mong i khch hng. Mt yu t quyt nh ca Kaizen l mt quan nim khng lch li v tnh trng hin ti. c bit khi cng ty ang c li nhun v khch hng ni chung c tha mn, s thay i ti bt k qu trnh no c th c v l hao ph ln ri ro. C th c s lch pha chng li s thay i khi nhng ngi to ra mt qu trnh cng l nhng ngi cn lin tc thay i qu trnh. chin thng iu ny cn thit hiu qu trnh hin thi, cho d l bt k khuyt im no. Bng vic hc, hiu v ghi nhn qu trnh hin ti bn c th xc nh nhng khu vc s c li t s thay i. Mt khi tnh trng hin thi c hiu, ghi nhn v trng thi tng lai c nh ngha th bn sn sng to ra v thc hin qu trnh ci tin ca bn. Nhng s ci tin

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thnh cng nht phi bao gm mi ngi l thnh phn ca qu trnh ang c thay i. Cc bc thc hin v phng php ca vic thay i khng phi l mc tiu tp trung ca Kaizen.

5.

Work cell M hnh t bo

Trong b tr sn xut dng t bo, thit b v cc t lm vic c sp xp thnh nhiu cell nh (/ngn lm vic ca cng nhn) c ni kt lin lc cc cng on hay tt c cc cng on ca mt quy trnh sn xut c kh nng din ra trong mt hay nhiu cell lin tc. Thit k sn xut t bo gip thay i cch sp xp mt nh my, t thc hin tun t cv ti tng b phn sang thc hin ton b quy trnh trong mt t bo. Thay v x l nguyn vt liu theo l ln t b phn ny sang b phn khc, cc thit b my mc c thit k theo m hnh t bo m bo tng thnh phn di chuyn trong h thng m khng phi ch cng nh dng li.

Tit kim thi gian, trnh lng ph.

6.

Just in time

Sn xut Just-In-Time, hay JIT, l mt trit hc qun l tp trung vo loi tr nhng hao ph trong sn xut bng vic ch sn xut ng s lng v kt hp cc thnh phn ti ng ch vo ng thi im. iu ny da vo mt thc t hao ht l kt qu t bt k hot ng no lm gia tng chi ph m khng gia tng thm gi tr cho sn phm, nh l s chuyn dch hng tn kho t ch ny sang ch khc hay thm ch ch l hnh ng ca vic ct gi hng tn. Mc ch (ca) JIT, v vy, l nhm gim thiu cc nhng hot ng khng gia tng gi tr v khng di chuyn hng tn trong khu vc dy chuyn sn xut. iu ny s dn n thi gian sn xut nhanh hn, thi gian giao hng ngn hn, s dng thit b hiu qu hn, yu cu khng gian nh hn, t l li sn phm thp hn, chi ph thp hn, v li nhun cao hn.

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Yu t then cht psau ca vic p dng thnh cng JIT l gim tn kho ti nhiu cng on khc nhau dy chuyn sn xut ti mc ti thiu. iu ny cn phi c s phi hp tt gia nhng cng on sao cho mi cng on ch sn xut chnh xc s lng cn thit cho cng on sau. Ni mt cch khc, mt cng on ch nhn vo chnh xc s lng cn thit t cng on trc. H thng JIT bao gm nh ngha lung sn xut v thit lp khu vc sn xut sao cho lung nguyn liu khi c a vo sn xut c thng sut v khng b cn tr, do gim bt thi gian i nguyn liu. iu ny yu cu kh nng ca cc nhng trm lm vic khc nhau m nguyn liu i qua tng ng v cn bng mt cch chnh xc, v nh vy nhng im thc c chai trong dy chuyn sn xut s c loi tr. C cu ny bo m rng nguyn liu s c gia cng m khng c vic xp hng hay ngng li ch. Kha cnh quan trng khc ca JIT l vic s dng mt h thng ko (pull) di chuyn nhng tn kho xuyn qua dy chuyn sn xut. Vi mt h thng nh vy, nhng yu cu ca cng on tip theo s iu chnh sn lng ca cng on trc . V vy i vi JIT tht cn thit nh ngha mt qu trnh nhm to iu kin thun li cho vic ko cc l t mt cng on sang cng on k tip. 7. Standarization tiu chun ha Chun ho quy trnh c ngha l cc quy trnh v hng dn sn xut c qui nh v truyn t r rng n mc ht sc chi tit nhm trnh s thiu nht qun v gi nh sai v cch thc thc hin mt cng vic. Mc tiu ca vic chun ho l cc hot ng sn xut lun c thc hin theo mt cch thng nht, ngoi tr trng hp quy trnh sn xut c iu chnh mt cch c ch . Khi cc th tc quy trnh khng c chun ho mc cao, cc cng nhn c th c nhng ngh khc nhau v cch lm ng cho mt th tc quy trnh v d a n cc gi nh sai. Mc chun ho cao v quy trnh cng gip cc cng ty m rng sn xut d dng hn nh trnh c nhng gin on c th gp phi do thiu cc quy trnh c chun ho. - Trnh t cng vic chun. - Thi gian chun - Mc tn kho chun.

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Tiu chun ha cc cng on phi c p dng v ph bin c thng hin bi tt c cc nhn vin v phi c thit k mt cch linh hot ph hp vi m hnh tng doanh nghip. Nh vy, thng qua vic p dng cc k thut ca Lean, cc doanh nghip c th t c nhng mc tiu : Gim thi gian chun b sn xut. Ci thin ti a chu k sn xut - Gim thi gian quy trnh v chu k sn xut bng cch gim ti a thi gian ch i gia cc cng on, cng nh thi gian chun b cho quy trnh v thi gian chuyn i mu m hay quy cch sn phm; Ci thin cch b tr nh my da trn vic sp xp lu chuyn nguyn liu hiu qu; Gim nhng ngun lc cn cho vic kim tra cht lng; Quan h gn gi hn vi s lng nh cung cp t hn, cht lng tt hn v ng tin hn, nhng nh cung cp c th cung cp nhng l nh vt liu v ph tng trc tip cho cc qu trnh sn xut, va , va ng cho sn xut; gim ti a tn kho. S dng vic trao i thng tin in t vi nhng nh cung cp v khch hng; Hp l ha tng th sn phm loi b nhng mu sn phm v bin th t mang li gi tr tng thm cho khch hng; Thit k nhng sn phm vi t thnh phn hn v ph bin hn; Thit k nhng sn phm v dch v m yu cu ty bin ca khch hng c th thc hin c da trn nhng b phn v v mun c chun ha, v cng mi cng tt. Hu ht cc ng dng trn u lm doanh nghip t c mc tiu gim gi thnh sn xut v d nh, vic s dng thit b v mt bng hiu qu hn dn n chi ph khu hao trn n v sn phm s thp hn, s dng lao ng hiu qu hn s dn n chi ph nhn cng cho mi n v sn phm thp hn v mc ph phm thp hn s lm gim gi vn hng bn.

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PHN III: LEAN V VIT NAM - THC TRNG, GII PHP, C HI Vi nm tr li y, phong tro p dng v trin khai Lean c nhiu chuyn bin tch cc hn thng qua cc hot ng ca cc cu lc b Lean6sigma network. C th k tn cc doanh nghip Vit Nam ang trin khai p dng Lean kh thnh cng nh: Hi sn Minh Ph, Bt bi Thin Long, Giy dp Bitis, Dt San Hong, May Minh Hong. Tuy nhin, sau mt thi gian p dng hot ng ci tin lin tc theo Lean, hu ht cc doanh nghip Vit Nam vn cha t c kt qu mong mun. L do l v h khng u t ch ng v di hn cho Lean, cha c cam kt cao v thc hin trin khai cc thay i, cha to ra c mt vn ha doanh nghip Lean l lun t duy, Lean l ct gim lng ph bng ti u ha ngun lc v cc hot ng, cha tm ra c i ng t vn trnh , nng lc v hiu bit v vn ha tp qun ca doanh nghip Vit Nam trin khai rng khp, s bin ng v nhn s ca cc thnh vin trong doanh nghip trin khai Lean 1. Thc trng Lean ti Vit Nam

Trong khi qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca h thng sn xut tinh gn trn th gii din ra t rt lu, th Vit nam chng ta vn cn rt t cc doanh nghip tip xc vi h phng php ci tin lin tc ny. iu ny cng d gii thch khi m trong nc cha c nhiu chuyn gia t vn tm c nhm h tr doanh nghip p dng Lean ng hng v mang li kt qu lu di. Bn cnh , cc ch doanh nghip li c suy ngh thin cn rng ch u t nu vic p dng Lean mang li kt qu tc th, trong khi nhng ngi tham gia trin khai ti doanh nghip li hiu lm rng Lean l tinh gn, ngha l bao gm c tinh gin nhn s, nn h lun i ngi.

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Trong thc t th Lean khng cp n tinh gin nhn s m l tm ra phng thc hot ng hiu qu nht, nhanh nht, cht lng nht cho qu trnh lin quan n cc nhn s ang ph trch. C th trong thc t s loi tr c cc hot ng khng mang li gi tr, v v th khng cn nhiu nhn lc cho qu trnh . i vi cc doanh nghip trin khai Lean thnh cng, th h s dng nhn s d ra sau khi ti u qu trnh thc hin cc trng trch ln hn nhiu, l Lin tc ci tin ti ni mnh lm vic. Trng hp khng u t ngi cho cng vic ci tin lin tc ton thi gian th s pht sinh thm mt hiu lm na l, vic trin khai Lean khin cc thnh vin trong t chc bn rn v vt v hn v phi lm thm cc hot ng ci tin. Hiu lm tip theo l cho rng Lean l cng c, hay l tp hp mt b cng c rt lng nhng v ri rm. Trong thc t p dng trin khai Lean, doanh nghip cn c o to rt nhiu v nhn thc. Lean l loi tr lng ph (chi ph), v vic s dng cng c no hiu qu nht loi tr l iu cn suy ngh v chn la, cm k vic p dng tt c cc cng c vo doanh nghip ri tnh sau. Cho n thi gian ny th hu nh tt c cc loi hnh doanh nghip u c th p dng Lean c, khng nht thit ch l Lean sn xut, m by gi chng ta c Lean doanh nghip, ri t duy Lean/Lean thinking y cng l mt iu hiu lm ng tic khi ngh rng Lean ch c th p dng cho sn xut m thi, trong khi lng ph xut hin khp ni, k c trong nh nc, chnh ph, hoc cc c quan nghip v khc. C rt nhiu doanh nghip hiu rng p dng Lean l lm cho nng sut u ra tng. y l mt hiu lm nho nh, trong khi Lean nh ngha mt trong 7 loi lng ph quan trng nht l Sn xut tha/thiu (Over Production). Nu tng nng sut m khng tng cht lng th lng ph cn ln hn nhiu, hoc nu tng nng sut m khng da vo nhu cu ca khch hng th cn gy hi hn l tn kho qu ln. Cn phi hiu ng vn ca Lean l ti u ngun lc. C l Toyota Bn Thnh l cu chuyn v ng dng Lean thnh cng Vit Nam c nhc n nhiu trong thi gian qua. y l mt trong nhng trung tm dch v bo tr hng u ca Toyota ti Vit Nam. Nh p dng Lean, Toyota Bn Thnh rt ngn c hn ba phn t thi gian bo tr nh k cho mt chic xe, t 240 pht xung cn khong 50 pht. u tin, Toyota Bn Thnh khc phc khong thi gian cht, chim n hn mt phn t thi gian bo tr xe, ch yu do cc nhn vin phi i nhau trong lc giao v nhn ph tng gia cc cng on ca quy trnh. Tuy nhin, vn cn mt na thi gian bo tr cn phi y nhanh tin theo yu cu ca khch. ct gim lng thi gian tha ny, Toyota Bn Thnh nghin cu li vic sp xp ch ng ca cng nhn trong thao tc c th h tr nhau nhiu hn, t mt thi gian di chuyn hn; sp

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t li dng c theo tng thao tc ph hp cng nhn s dng c thi gian ti u trong vic la chn dng c lm vic; trang b thm cc thit b chuyn dng v hun luyn cng nhn s dng thnh tho cc thit b ny Cu chuyn ng dng thnh cng Lean ca Toyota Bn Thnh cho thy vic t chc quy trnh sn xut hp l c ngha hn l i mi thit b, cng ngh nhm tng nng sut lao ng. Trn thc t, nhiu c s sn xut cng nghip Vit Nam vn cha thy c tm quan trng ca vic quy hoch mt bng nh xng, b tr my mc thit b ph hp, rt ngn thi gian vn chuyn nguyn liu t kho vo dy chuyn sn xut s gip tng hiu sut lm vic ca cng nhn nh th no. trng hp ca Toyota Bn Thnh, vn u t cho vic mua sm trang thit b mi ch khong 10.000 la M, cn li mi th u tng t nh cc trung tm bo tr xe hi khc. Kt qu mang li khng ch l s hi lng ca khch hng m cn l li ch kinh t: Toyota Bn Thnh tng s lng xe c bo tr t su ln 16 chic/ngy. u nm nay, mt doanh nghip trong ngnh dt may cng p dng Lean kh thnh cng. Ngi i din doanh nghip cho bit, p dng Lean thi gian u gp phi khng t nhng nghi ng v hiu qu thit thc ca chng trnh, v n tc ng trc tip vo quan im qun tr v cch thc iu hnh hot ng ca cng ty. Gii qun l cp cao ti doanh nghip ny phn i vic p dng Lean v n ph nhn cng lao ng gp ca h. Theo mt chuyn gia t vn v Lean, y l tnh trng chung m phn ng cc doanh nghip t nhn Vit Nam gp phi v mt s ngi c xem l tr ct phi i mt vi nhng thay i c th tc ng n v tr v tm nh hng ca h ti doanh nghip. 2. Nguyn nhn -Thiu s h tr ca chuyn gia. Vic xy dng phng n chuyn i doanh nghip theo m hnh Sn xut tinh gn s d dng hn rt nhiu khi s dng kin thc v kinh nghip ca nhng ngi khc (chuyn gia). Bn cnh nhng iu t vn chung, cc chuyn gia cn c th chia s rt nghiu nhng li khuyn v vic nn lm hay cn trnh cho mi giai on ca d n p dng Sn xut tinh gn. Hy ngh c gip , n thm mt n v a phng m bn bit rng h i trc cng ty ca mnh trong Sn xut tinh gn, dnh thi gian trao i ngi nhiu nhng thng tin v kinh nghim trin khai c th chia s. Nhng s tht l Vit Nam hin c rt t doanh nghip p dng thnh cng Lean, vic i ra nc ngoi hc hi th rt kh khn v nhiu mt. Chng ta cha c nhiu trng lp o to v lnh vc ny cng l mt kh khn na.

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-

B qua s tham gia ca khch hng.

Nhng thay i m bn ang hng n c nh hng ti khch hng? Nhng ci tin v cht lng, giao hng hay gi c c th mang li s khc bit ng k trong cch khch hng nh gi Cng ty ca bn? Khch hng c nhng kinh nghim hay chuyn gia v sn xut tinh gn m h sn sng chia s, h tr. Khch hng c ang theo ui k hoch no (v d: thit k li dy chuyn sn xut hoc mt sn phm no ?) c th nh hng n, v v vy cn c xem xt trong qu trnh trin chuyn i sang m hnh sn xut tinh gn ca Cng ty bn? Mt trong nhng lng ph ln nht khi lm s gi tr l lp s gi tr m chng ta ngh rng khch hng xc nh, thay v lp s gi tr m khch hng thc s xc nh. Vn nghin cu th trng Vit Nam gp rt nhiu kh khn do bn cht ngi tiu dng cng khng my mn m vi vic tr li cc cu hi trong bng iu tra, hoc b ra t thi gian in vo form phng vn. Hn na dch v tng tc khch hng ca cc cng ty Vit Nam rt km, gn nh cc tng i gii p thc mc ca cc cng ty hoc cc ng dy nng chm sc khch hng u hot ng khng hiu qu. Ngn sch qu hn hp cho d n. Mt s d n chuyn i doanh nghip sang m hnh sn xut tinh gn bt u vi vic p dng mt cch qu cng nhc khu hiu trong Kaizen khng tin, khng c khng gian, khng nguy bin. Khng th c nc c bm ln t mt my bm kh. Khi bn ang di mt mc ngn sch nht nh, ngay c vic tho lun v sn xut tinh gn cng tr nn mt s lng ph v thi gian. y thng thng l triu chng ca s thiu n nh trong sn xut kinh doanh gy cn tr u t, s lm tng v phm vi v thi gian ca qu trnh chuyn i doanh nghip theo m hnh sn xut tinh gn, hoc thiu s cam kt nghim tc ca lnh o. Trong trng hp th nht, gii php thng l hnh thnh v trin khai s can thip nhm to s n nh v nng cao nng lc, tin hoc thnh phn trong ngn sch cho cc n lc ti thit k h thng di hi. Trong trng hp th 2, hy xem phn phn tch sai li th nht c trnh by trn. Trong trng hp th 3, cc gii php c th l gio dc, hy ch 3 -5 nm cho mt nh lnh o mi n hoc chuyn sang mt cng ty khc c chnh sch sng sa hn. 3. Gii php Vi nhng ng thi tch cc ca cc t chc, cc chuyn gia t vn trong v ngoi nc, vi s quan tm ban u ca cc c quan ban ngnh c lin quan, iu quan trng nht by gi l cn phi c mt i ng t vn trnh v kinh nghim thc t, am hiu vn ha v ngn ng Vit Nam, nhm gip nh hng cho cc doanh nghip

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trong nc tip cn theo mt l trnh bi bn v chnh thng khi trin khai p dng Lean. Thc hin cc kha o to, chia s rng khp cho cc lnh o doanh nghip bit c tm quan trng ca vic trin khai p dng Lean v hiu qu li ch tht s t vic ny. Thc hin trin khai mu 3-5 doanh nghip a ngnh khc nhau nhm lm bi hc kinh nghim v tham kho thc tin. V cui cng l nn t chc cc trung tm o to nh Nike truyn b v thng t tng ca tt c cc loi hnh doanh nghip cng nh cc c quan chc nng khc. ng dng Lean thnh cng, sau y l mt s vn cn phi quyt nh trc khi thc hin ng dng Lean trong t chc ca mnh. thc ca ton th thnh vin trong t chc. Trong Lean, chng ta ch ni n s vn hnh ca c mt h thng (system) da trn n lc ca tp th, i nhm ch khng phi c nhn i ng cng nhn vin: H thng sn xut Lean i hi ngi lao ng phi c thc v tinh thn trch nhim cao trong mi cng vic. V d in hnh, trong Lean, i ng lm cng vic kim tra sn phm (QC hay KCS) c xem l lng ph. Chnh ngi thc hin cng vic ti ca mnh (cell layout) chu trch nhim kim tra cht lng sn phm mnh lm ra. Hay trong vic rt ngn thi gian lp t hay iu chnh my mc, ngi lao ng phi tun th nghim tc quy trnh chuyn i th mi c hiu qu. Vi thi quen lm vic thong dong v chm ri ca ngi Vit Nam chng ta, liu chng ta c tinh thn ch ng tun th quy trnh tit kim thi gian tng nng sut hay s ngh n vic c nhiu thi gian, mnh phi lm nhiu vic hn? i ng qun l: y li chnh l nhng ngi nh hng rt ln n tin trnh ng dng Lean. i vi nhng ngi lm qun l, nht l nhng ngi c t tng lm vic c, da vo kinh nghim v thch n nh trong cng vic th s l mt th thch ln nu yu cu h thay i cng vic g , d rng lm vic ny s tt hn cho ngay chnh bn thn hn. Hin nay, nhng ngi c t tng lm vic ny c mt ti a s cc t chc. H rt t tin vo kinh nghim, kin thc hay k nng lm vic ca mnh. C ngi bn yu cu thay i ng dng phng thc mi, h s ng , nhng ch ngoi mt, khi thc hin li d d ng ng. C ngi li phn ng ngay khi cho rng, chng ta khng gp vn g rc ri, ti sao phi thay i. Chc chn y l bi ton kh cho nhng ai mun thc hin h thng sn xut Lean. Lm sao chuyn s ngi khng ng h sang nhm nhng ngi sn sng thay i tin ln. Lm sao h c c t

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duy Lean nh nhng g m Ban lnh o Cng ty Toyota lm c trong my mi nm qua v em n thnh cng to ln cho h. Ban lnh o: c th ng dng thnh cng Lean, i hi phi c mt Ban lnh o ti nng v bn lnh, kho lo trong x l quan h v sng sut khi quyt nh s vic xy ra trong qu trnh ng dng Lean. Ban lnh o cn phi c nhng t cht quyt nh sau: S dng cm: Qu trnh ng dng Lean l qu trnh chuyn i cch lm truyn thng sang cch lm chuyn nghip, khoa hc v quan trng nht l hnh thnh mt vn ha t chc mi. l qu trnh ny sinh nhng th thch v kh khn i hi s dng cm rt ln ca Ban lnh o t chc. Dng cm loi b nhng c nhn, tp th d l nhng con ngi ti nng v c v tr quan trng trong t chc khi h nht nh khng theo ch trng Ban lnh o t ra. Dng cm i mt vi nhng thch thc xy ra trong qu trnh chuyn i (thng gp trong giai on u ca qu trnh ng dng) c th nh hng n li nhun ca t chc. Chng hn nh s chuyn i quy trnh, cch thc lm vic, sp xp b tr li my mc thit b, nh xng. thm ch l i ng i kim tra cht lng. S cng quyt: Khi bn chn con ng no, bn hy i n cng nu con ng bn chn l ng n. Nhng th thch ny sinh c th lm bn nn ch nhng nu cng quyt v sng sut, y chnh l c hi ln cho bn ci thin chnh mnh. Trong thc hin Lean, tm nh hng ca Ban lnh o i vi ton th cn b cng nhn vin l rt quan trng, l nhng ngi ng vai tr u tu trong sut con ng i. Ban lnh o phi lun thng nht v cng quyt trong mi hnh ng thc hin Lean, iu cho mi ngi thy c quyt tm ca Ban lnh o. Khng ch mt th h m qua nhiu th h, iu phi lun c duy tr thc hin. S kin tr: xy dng mt h thng sn xut Lean hiu qu trong ton t chc, i hi s kin tr thc hin rt ln ca tp th Ban lnh o. Toyota kin tr thc hin trong sut my mi nm qua v h c thnh qu. Do , Ban lnh o phi kin tr thc y cc hot ng ng dng Lean lun c thc hin mt cch lin tc, ngay c khi c kh khn. Kinh nghim cho thy, s ng dng Lean mt cch mit mi, khng b gin on s to nh hng rt ln n tp th ngi lao ng. H thy c s chuyn i v quyt tm ca nhng ngi lnh o. S khng lin tc trong qu trnh ng dng

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s lm chm tin trnh v ngi lao ng nhanh chng qun i nhng g va mi chuyn vo trong tm tr h. Kh nng, nng lc ca t vn vin hay t chc t vn: ng dng h thng sn xut Lean c thnh cng, kh nng, nng lc ca t chc t vn v t vn vin ng vai tr rt quan trng. l ngi dn ng cho chng ta. Thc hin Lean phi l nhng ngi xut thn t sn xut v thc hnh. Lean lun i vi thc tin. Fujio Cho, Ch tch tp on Toyota Motor Corp.: u tin hng u ca chng ti l hnh ng v trin khai thc t. C nhiu vn mt ngi khng th hiu ht c, do chng ti yu cu h c hnh ng v tin v pha trc; ti sao khng th lm mt ci g ? Bn s nhn thy nhng g bn bit cn qu t v bn i mt vi tht bi ca ring mnh, n gin bn ch cn sa cha nhng sai lm v lm li; ln th 2 bn li nhn thy sai st khc hoc vn khc khng mong mun, v bn th li ln na. Bng cch ci tin lin tc nh th, hoc ti c th gi l ci tin bng hnh n, mi ngi c th t n trnh thc hnh v kin thc cao hn (Toyota Way J.F. Liker). Qu trnh thc hin Lean mt thi gian rt di v nh hng n c h thng ca doanh nghip (quy trnh, th tc, hng dn v ISO), do , ngi t vn phi c trnh , kin thc thc t nht nh v ng dng Lean. Nu bn chn phi mt nh t vn ni gii v khi nim Lean m cha ln no thc hnh, bn c nguy c thnh vt th nghim vi c h thng vn hnh ca mnh. Ngay c nhng nh t vn c uy tn khi p dng Lean vn vp nhng sai lm nh thng. 4. Tng lai no cho Lean ti Vit nam? Trong xu th ton cu ha, hin nay khp ni trn th gii Sn xut tinh gn (Lean Production/ Manufacturing) ni ln nh mt phng php gip cc doanh nghip nng cao nng sut, cht lng v nng lc cnh tranh nh kh nng sn xut nhiu hn trong khi s dng t hn nhn lc, thit b, thi gian v khng gian, loi b cc loi lng ph, ng thi t mc tiu giao cho khch hng ng ci m h mong mun. Mun vy doanh nghip cn trin khai mt lot ci tin lin quan n cc hot ng kinh doanh sn xut, tn kho, my mc v nhn s lm ng vic, ng cch, ng lc, ng ch, ng s lng vi tng chi ph l nh nht. p dng Lean cn tm hiu k lng trc khi thc hin. Khi trin khai cn thc t mt cht. Hy bt u t ci nh trc. Nhng kh khn bn nu u chnh xc nhng

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u c nhiu hn 1 gii php. Tinh thn Lean l tinh thn Nht Bn, vt kh khn, khng chu tht bi v khng c g l khng lm c. Trin khai Lean ti Vit Nam l c mt vn v Lean khi ngun t nhn thc. Nhn thc ng v Lean s to ra ng lc cn thit trin khai Lean. Vi nhng ng thi tch cc ca cc t chc, cc chuyn gia t vn trong v ngoi nc, vi s quan tm ban u ca cc c quan ban ngnh c lin quan, iu quan trng nht by gi l cn phi c mt i ng t vn trnh v kinh nghim thc t, am hiu vn ha v ngn ng Vit Nam, nhm gip nh hng cho cc doanh nghip trong nc tip cn theo mt l trnh bi bn v chnh thng khi trin khai p dng Lean. Thc hin cc kha o to, chia s rng khp cho cc lnh o doanh nghip bit c tm quan trng ca vic trin khai p dng Lean v hiu qu li ch tht s t vic ny. Thc hin trin khai mu 3-5 doanh nghip a ngnh khc nhau nhm lm bi hc kinh nghim v tham kho thc tin. V cui cng l nn t chc cc trung tm o to nh Nike truyn b v thng t tng ca tt c cc loi hnh doanh nghip cng nh cc c quan chc nng khc.

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