l.e.c. - An II.munteanu

8/18/2019 l.e.c. - An II.munteanu

1/70

Universitatea “1 Decembrie 1918”, Alba Iulia

Facultatea: Filologie

Specializare: omana !"ngleza, I#D#D#, Anul II

$a%ru %i%actic: asist# %r%# Ale&an%ra 'unteanu

Disciplina: (imba "ngleza $ontemporana, Seminar

1


2/70

$)*+"*+S

+" -".

1# +"*S" A*D +I'"

1#1 /resent +ime: /resent Simple an% $ontinuous

1#0 /ast +ime: /ast Simple, /ast $ontinuous, /ast /erect Simple, /ast /erect

$ontinuous, Used +o , Would

1#2 /resent /erect 3Simple an% $ontinuous4

1#5 Future +ime

0# U*"A( +"*S"S A*D SU.6U*$+I-"S

2# ')DA( -".S5# +" /ASSI-" A*D +" $AUSA+I-"

7# +" I*FI*I+I-" A*D +" I*; F)'

+" AD-".

1# A%verbs o 'anner

0# A%verbs o +ime

2# A%verbial /

7# A%verbs o Degree

?# Intensiiers

@# A%%ing an% (imiting A%verbs

8# -iepoint A%verbs

9# $onnecting A%verbs

1B# Inversion ater *egative A%verbs

+" /"/)SI+I)*

1# elations


3/70

7# /reposition Folloing A%ectives

?# $ompoun% /repositions

@# I%iomatic /repositional /


4/70

+" -".

1# +"*S" A*D +I'"

1#1 /"S"*+ +I'": /resent Simple an% $ontinuous

Put the verbs in brackets at the right tense.

1. Jack is so lazy that he ………….. (never,get) up before nine oclock.

2. Please !ove" ……………. (stan#) in !y $ay.

3. %hat on earth …………… (you, try) to #ra$& 't looks o##.. %hat ……………. (!ake) things fall to the groun#& *ravity.

+. 'n autu!n, the trees ……………… (lose) their leaves.

. …………. (you, kno$) $here !y hat is&

-. isten/ 0o!eone ………….. (sing) over there.

. ' …………. (think) thats a goo# i#ea.

. %e ………… (have) lunch in to$n to!orro$.

1. 'n this letter, Jean …………….. (say) she is very busy.

(4.5. 4unro 4ackenzie)

6hoose the !ost appropriate $or#s in italics.

1. ' havent #eci#e# yet about $hether to buy a ne$ car or a secon#7han# one. 8ut I think

about it/ I’m thinking about it.

2. 9ll right, you try to fi: the television/ 8ut I hope/ I’m hoping you kno$ $hat you are

#oing.

3. ;very year I visit/ I’m visiting 8ritain to i!prove !y ;nglish.

. 'ts ti!e $e turne# on the central heating. It gets/ it’s getting col#er every #ay.

+.


5/70

. '! going to buy a ne$ s$i!!ing costu!e. 4y ol# one doesn’t fit/ isn’t fitting

any !ore.

1. =hat !ust be the en# of the first part of the perfor!ance. %hat happens now/

is happening now&

(4ichael >ince)

6hoose the !ost suitable $or# or phrase to co!plete each sentence.

1. %hat e:actly ……8……&

9) is this ?ob involving 8) #oes this ?ob involve

2. %ho e:actly …………&

9) #oes o$n this car& 8) #oes this car belong to &

3. …………that $e have been here for si: !onths alrea#y/

9) 5o you realise 8) 9re you realising

. '# like to stay longer. 8ut ….. ?ust for the $eeken#.

9) ' co!e 8) 've co!e

+. =erry is in be#. @e ……. flu.

9) has 8) is having

. =his ne$ teaching ?ob is really #ifficult, but …… .

9) ' survive 8) '! surviving

-. %hat …… on that notice&

9) #oes it $rite 8) #oes it say

. a#ies an# gentle!en, ' ……this ship HMS Highlight .

9) na!e 8) a! na!ing

. 9bsolutely/ ' …….. $ith you co!pletely.

9) agree 8) a! agreeing

1. ………. this car. 5o you $ant to buy it&

9) ' sell 8) '! selling

Put each verb in brackets into the !ost suitable present tense.1. ' ……….. (hear) that you have been pro!ote#. 6ongratulations/

2. 8ritish people ………… (#rink) !ore an# !ore $ine, apparently.

3. ' hope 0arah $ill be here soon. ' ………… (#epen#) on her.

. Please be Auiet/ Bou ………… (continually interrupt).

+. @ey, you/ %hat ……….. (you think) youre #oing&

+


6/70

. 6oul# you co!e here, please& ' ………. ($ant) to talk to you no$.

-. Jane is a$ay on holi#ay so in#a ………. (han#le) her $ork.

. =o be honest, ' ……….. (#oubt) $hether Ji! $ill be here ne:t $eek.

. Bouve only ?ust starte# the ?ob, havent you& @o$ ………… (you get on)&

1. Pay no attention to *raha!. @e ……….. (?ust be) sarcastic again.

Ce$rite each sentence so that the !eaning stays the sa!e.

1. %hats your opinion of =e#s ne$ book&

%hat #o you think of Ted’s new book &

2. Digel keeps interrupting !e.

Digel is …………………..

3. %hat is the !eaning of this $or#&

%hat #oes ………………………

. =he nu!ber of people $ho o$n bicycles is increasing/

4ore an# !ore people ……………………………….

+. %hat about going to that ne$ fil! at the Ce: tonight&

@o$ #o …………………………………………….

. %hat is the $eight of that piece of !eat&

@o$ !uch …………………………….

-. Dever !in# about the price, ?ust buy it/

=he price …………………………..

. =heres a s!ell of onions in this roo!.

=his roo! ………………………….

. %hat is insi#e the bo:&

%hat #oes ……………

1. Paul has flu.

Paul is ………………..

Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals, an# so the !eaning stays thesa!e.

1. 6harles an# his father are alike. (


7/70

3. ' fin# $orking here really en?oyable. (;DJ


8/70

1. %hen the police!an hel# up his han#, traffic …………. (stop).

2. %hile ' …………($rite) to aunt 4ary, the bell rang.

3. 9ll the ti!e ' $as trying to $rite !y letter, he ……………… ($histle).

. %henever he $as thinking #eeply, he …………… (scratch) his hea#.

+. ' ………….. (ans$er) his letter pro!ptly.

. 9s it ………… (rain), ' re!aine# in#oors.

-. 9s it ………….. (get) late, ' trie# to $ork faster.

. 9s soon as ' ………….. (see) hi!, ' recognize# hi!.

. Jack …………….. (break) a tooth $hile he $as eating nuts.

1. ' ……….. (not listen) so ' #i#nt hear $hat you sai#.


Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense (past perect simple or continuous)

1. %hen ' counte# the change, ' foun# ' ………… (s$in#le).

2. 4y frien# …………… (laugh) so long that his si#es ache#.

3. =he baby $ent to sleep soon after it …………… (put) in its cot.

. 9fter ' ………… (#ig) for t$o hours, ' got a backache.

+. @e ca!e back before ' ……… (#ig) even half the flo$er7be#.

. ' ………….. (har#ly, begin) !y $ork $hen in ca!e the Professor.

-. %e ……….. ($ait) for an hour $hen the train arrive#.

. 't $as only longer after ' ……… (hear) his story that ' realize# it $as a ?oke.

. ' ………. (not $ork) long before ' s!elt so!ething burning.

1. 9fter ' ………… (finish) !y $ork, ' $ent to be#.


0upply the simple past or t


9/70

. %hen she …………….. the office this !orning, Ji!, ……………… (ring, alrea#y go

out)

-. 8efore $e …………….. =i! to the theatre, he …………….. a stage play before. (take,

never seen)

. ' ………….. the carpet $hen the #og ………….. in an# ……………… hi!self. (?ust

clean, co!e, shake)

. @e …………………. to #o the ?ob in an hour, but he still ………………. by 1 oclock.

(pro!ise, not to finish)

(.*. 9le:an#er)

6hoose the !ost suitable $or#s.

1. %hen you passe# the to$n hall clock, did you noticed/ were you noticing $hat ti!e it

$as&

2. ast night !y neighbours were shouting/ would shout for hours an# ' coul#nt get to

sleep.

3. %hen you live# in on#on, did you use to travel/ were you travelling by bus&

. ;veryone $as having a goo# ti!e, although not !any people danced/ were dancing.

+. 7 ;:cuse !e, but this seat is !ine.

7 '! sorry, ' didn’t realise/ hadn’t realised that you $ere sitting there.

. Jill didn’t eat/ hadn’t eaten all #ay, so she $as really hungry at this point.

-. I Paul has forgetten to book the tickets '! afrai#.

7 @e was always doing/ would do so!ething like that/

. 't took a $hile for !e to notice, but then ' #i#. ;veryone stared/ was staring at !e. %hat

ha# ' #one $rong&

. Dobo#y bothere# to tell !e that the school decided/ had decided to have a special holi#ay

that Gri#ay.

1. ' was trying/ tried to get in touch $ith you all #ay yester#ay. %here $ere you&

Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or# or $or#s in capitals. 5o not change the $or#sin any $ay.

1. ' inten#e# to call you yester#ay, but ' forgot. (*


10/70

3. Paul ha# the irritating habit of !aking trouble. (9%9B0)

........................................................................................

. 5iana $as al$ays as ru#e as that. (8;)

...............................................................

+. ' felt happy about the i!prove!ent in Jeans con#ition. (8;==;C)

.........................................................................................................

. ' $asnt very keen on sport in those #ays. (F0;)

.............................................................................

-. ' !ight possibly go to the theatre tonight. (%90)

...............................................................................

. ' ha# to go past your house so ' #eci#e# to #rop in. (P900'D*)

..................................................................................................

. 0usan booke# out before $e got to her hotel. (8B =@; ='4;)

.................................................................................................

1. %hat #i# you #o at the !o!ent of the e:plosion& (%@;D)

.......................................................................................

(4ichael >ince)

1#2 /"S"*+ /"F"$+ 3SI'/(" A*D $)*+I*U)US4

6hoose the !ost appropriate tense in italics 3/resent /erect Simple, /resent /erect

$ontinuous or /ast Simple4

1. ' cant believe it, inspector. Bou !ean that 0!ith stole/ has stolen/ has been stealing

!oney fro! the till all this ti!e/

2. Bou three boys look very guilty/ %hat did you do/ have done/ have you been doing since

' left/ have left the roo!&3. %hy on earth didn’t you tell/ haven’t you told !e about that loose floorboar#& ' tripped/

have tripped over it ?ust no$ an# hurt !yself.

. 'ts a long ti!e since ' saw/ have seen/ have been seeing your brother Paul. %hat did he

do/ has he done/ has he been doing lately&

1


11/70

+. ' cant believe that you ate/ have eaten/ have been eating three pizzas alrea#y/ ' only

bought/ have only bought the! fifteen !inutes ago/

(4ichael >ince)

Put each verb in brackets into the !ost appropriate tense.

1. '! sorry ' ………………………. (not co!e) to class lately. ' ……………….. ($ork)

late in the evenings for the past fortnight.

2. 0o far $e ……………….. (not notice) anything unusual, but $e ……………….. (not

pay) very close attention.

3. ' $on#er if 4ary ……………… (reach) ho!e yet& 0he …………….. (leave) too late to

catch the bus.

. @ere is the ne$s. =he @o!e


12/70

2. =his is !y secon# visit to @ungary.

=his is the secon# ti!e ……………………..

3. ' pai# this bill earlier, actually.

9ctually 've …………………………

. %e havent been s$i!!ing for ages.

'ts ages …………………………….

+. 4ary starte# learning Grench five years ago.

4ary has …………………………………….

. ' a! on the tenth page of the letter ' a! $riting.

0o far ' …………………………………….

-. 9fter ' arrive# here ' starte# to feel better.

0ince arriving here, ………………………..

. 'ts over t$enty years since $eve got !arrie#.

%e have …………………………………

. =he last ti!e ' sa$ hi! $as in 1+.

' havent …………………………………

1. =here is a #efinite i!prove!ent in your $ork.

ately your $ork …………………………….

6hoose the !ost appropriate phrase or $or# in italics.

1. 'ts a long ti!e since/ when ' last sa$ you.

2. 've seen 8ill Auite often lately/ from time to time.

3. @ave you spoken to the #irector beforehand/ already&

. 've live# in the sa!e house for years/ for ever.

+. 've rea# the paper now/ still.

. 5iana has bought a co!puter two years ago/ since then.

-. Dothing !uch has been happening by now/ so far.

. ' finishe# rea#ing her book at last/ this evening.

. 0ue has bought a 65 player last $eek an# shes been listening to !usic ever since/ for a

while.

1. 0orry, but ' havent got that $ork finishe# already/ yet.

(4ichael >ince)

12


13/70

1#5 FU+U" +I'"

Put the verb in brackets into a suitable tense. (shallH$ill future or any present ti!e)

1. =o!orro$, ' $ill tell hi! $hat you ………………. (alrea#y, tell) !e to#ay.

2. 5ont forget to ring up 9unt Jane before you …………….. (go) out.

3. %hen 've finishe# this, ' …………….. (tell) you a funny story.

. 4y $ork ……………. (#o) before the bell rings.

+. %hat …………………. (you, say) $hen you see hi!&

. %hen ' ……………….. (#o) this cross$or#, 'll go for a $alk.

-. ' ……………… (#o) !y best $hen ' face that #anger to!orro$.

. =his evening, $hile $e …………………. (sit) by the fire, 'll tell you all about it.

. %hile ' …………………. (have) lunch, ' listen to the ne$s.

1. %hen ' have a long $hite bear#, ' ……………. (be) !uch ol#er than ' a! no$.


6hoose the !ost appropriate $or#s.

1. Jack is/ is going to be si:ty7five ne:t !onth so he retires/ will be retiring .

2. uick, here co!es a police car/ %hat will we say/ are we going to say about the broken

$in#o$&

3. @elen an# 9n#re$ are due to separate/ are on the point of separating .

. 5ont be so i!patient/ I’ll !ust come/ I’m !ust coming .

+. ' have to be back at 3.3 so I’m leaving/ I leave before lunch.

. %hat #o you think you’ll be doing/ you’ll do in five years ti!e&

-. 6o!e on, get a !ove on, or we’ll miss/ we’ll have missed the plane/

. "ill you be working/ "ill you work the $eek after 6hrist!as& ' $as thinking of visiting

you.

. 8y the ti!e Jean gets back, it’ll be/ it will have been too late.

1. 5ont phone after 11.. I’ll be/ I’ll have been asleep.

6hoose the !ost appropriate continuation for each sentence.1. Paulas flight is boun# to be late although

9) it arrives at .. 8) its #ue at .. 6) its arriving at si:.

2. 'ts no use phoning 8ob at the office, he

9) $ill be leaving. 8) is leaving. 6) $ill have left

3. ;veryone says that this year 6ity

13


14/70

9) are going to $in the 6up. 8) are $inning the 6up. 6) $in the 6up.

. ' #ont feel like visiting !y relatives this year so

9) ' $ont go. 8) '! not going. 6) ' #ont go.

+. 9ccor#ing to the latest forecast, the tunnel

9) $ill be finishe# ne:t year. 8) $ill have been finishe# ne:t year.

. Bou can borro$ this calculator, '

9) a! not going to nee# it. 8) $ont have been nee#ing it. 6) a! not nee#ing it

-. '! sorry #inner isnt rea#y yet, but it

9) is going to be rea#y in a !inute 8) $ill have been rea#y in a !inute 6) $ill be rea#y

in a !inute

. 6an you sen# !e the results as soon as you

9) hear anything& 8) are hearing anything& 6) $ill have hear# anything&

. Bou can try asking 4artin for help but

9) it $ont #o you any goo#. 8) its not #oing you any goo#. 6) it $ont be #oing you

any goo#.

1. 5ont $orry about the !istake you !a#e, nobo#y

9) $ill notice. 8) is noticing. 6) $ill be noticing.

6hoose the !ost appropriate $or# or phrase.

1. 'll be back after a few minutes/ in a few minutes.

2. '! sure that everything $ill be all right at the end/ in the end.

3. Please call !e the moment/ e#actly when you hear any ne$s.

. ' shoul# be back by the time/ at the time the fil! begins.

+. '! sure Giona $ill be here before long/ after a while.

. ' cant leave on =ues#ay. ' $ont be rea#y until then/ by then.

-. $y twenty four hours/ this time tomorrow 'll be in 8angkok.

. 5iana $ill be retiring soon/ already.

. =here $ill be no official announce!ents forthwith/ from now on.

1. 8ye for no$. 'll see you in two weeks’ time/ two weeks later.

Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals. 5o not change the $or# in any

$ay.

1. %hat ti!e is the train for Dottingha!. (;9>;)

"hat time does the train for %ottingham leave&

1


15/70

2. %hat #o you inten# to #o no$& (*


16/70

Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.

1. ' $oul# say it $as ti!e you ……………… (start) $orking seriously.

2. '# rather you ………………… (not $atch) television $hile '! rea#ing.

3. ' $ish ' ………………….. (spen#) !ore ti!e s$i!!ing last su!!er.

. @elen is so bossy. 0he acts as if she ……………………. (o$n) the place.

+. ' $ish you ………………… (not keep) co!ing late to class.

. 0uppose a co!plete stranger ……………… (leave) you a lot of !oney in their $ill/

-. ' $ish ' …………………. (go) to your party after all.

. '# rather you …………………… (sit) ne:t to 0usan, please.

. =he govern!ent #e!an#e# that the a!bassa#or …………………. (be) recalle#.

1. Bou are lucky going to 'taly. ' $ish ' ………………….. (go) $ith you.

6orrect the error or errors in each sentence.

1. ' $ish ' bought that ol# house.

2. '# rather you #ont eat all that brea#.

3. 'ts ti!e ' go.

. ' $ish ' o$n a !otorbike.

+. ' $ish $e are not leaving in the !orning.

. 0ue $oul# rather rea#ing than $atching =>.

-. 6o!e $hat co!es, 'll be on your si#e.

. ' hope it $oul# stop raining.

. '# prefer you #i#nt $ait.

1. ' $ish ' #i#nt listen to you before.

6o!plete each sentence $ith one $or#.

1. 'ts ……………. ti!e you learne# to look after yourself/

2. ' $ish you ……………. try listening to !e ?ust for once/

3. ' ……………….. rather not go by bus, if possible.

. …………………. that as it !ay, it #oesnt alter the seriousness of the proble!.+. ' $ish 6arol …………….. be here to see you all.

. %e both $ish you …………….. staying longer.

-. Bou ………………. as if you ha# playe# in the !atch instea# of $atching it/

. ………………….. they offere# you the ?ob of !anaging #irector/

. ' really $ish $e ……………….. !arrie#.

1


17/70

1. ' ………………… you #i#nt !in# !y phoning so late.

Ce$rite each sentence so that it contains the $or#s in capitals, an# so that the !eaning stays the

sa!e.

1. 5o you ever regret not going to university& (%'0@)

&o you ever wish you had gone to university'

2. ' shoul# really be leaving. (='4;)

……………………………………..

3. '# rather have beer than $ine. (PC;G;C)

………………………………………………

. Jack #oesnt kno$ all the ans$ers, though he preten#s to. (96=0)

……………………………………………………………………

+. '# love to be able to go $ith you to the opera. (%'0@)

………………………………………………………….

. 't $oul# be better if you #i#nt stay long. (C9=@;C)

…………………………………………………………

-. =he !anage!ent insiste# on our $earing #ark suits. (%;9C)

……………………………………………………………..

. %hy #o you have to co!plain all the ti!e& (%'0@)

…………………………………………………….

. ' #ont $ant to go to the !eeting. (C9=@;C)

……………………………………………….

1. ' $ish ' ha#nt sol# that ol# painting. (P'=B)

……………………………………………..

Ce$rite each, beginning as sho$n, so that the !eaning stays the sa!e.

1. 't $oul# be nice to be able to fly.

' $ish I could fly/

2. ' $ish ' ha#nt hear# that/'# rather you …………………….

3. ;veryone $ishe# they ha# listene# !ore carefully to the lecture.

;veryone regrette# …………………………………………….

. Fnfortunately 've got to $ork late tonight.

' $ish ………………………………….

1-


18/70

+. 's it better for !e to leave&

%oul# you …………………………….

. 'ts a pity ' cant borro$ your car.

' $ish you $oul# ……………………..

-. %e really !ust #iscuss this again.

'ts i!portant that ……………………..

. 'ts a pity you $ere #riving so fast.

' $ish you ………………………

. 4ay the Presi#ent live a long ti!e/

ong …………………………….

1. Jack prefers !e not to say anything about the !issing !oney.

Jack $oul# rather …………………………………………..

(4ichael >ince)

2# ')DA( -".S

Fse suitable for!s of have to only $hen it is i!possible to use must.

1. Bou …………. take a ta:i if you inten# to catch the ne:t train.

2. 0ince the ne$ boss took over, $e ……………….. change our $orking !etho#s.

3. %e ……………….. talk about this again to!orro$.

. 'f you …………….. bring up a large fa!ily, you $oul#nt have so !uch !oney to spen#.

+. ' $as late for $ork this !orning because ' ……………….. go to the bank first.

. ' (not) ……………….. speak Grench since ' $as at school.

-. ' hate …………….. $ait for people $ho #ont kno$ ho$ to keep appoint!ents.

. @e ……………….. get up early to!orro$ !orning if he $ants to see the sunrise.

0upply can can’t couldn’t was/were able to managed to. 9lternatives are possible.

1. 9 goo# 1+7!etre runner ……………. run the race in un#er four !inute.2. 8ill is so unfit he ………………. run at all/

3.


19/70

. @e ……………… #ra$ or paint at all $hen he $as a boy, but no$ hes a fa!ous artist.

-. 9fter $eeks of training, ' …………….. s$i! a length of the baths un#er$ater.

. 't took a long ti!e, but in the en# =ony ……………….. save enough to buy his o$n hi7fi.

. 5i# you buy any fresh fish in the !arket& I Do, ' ……………. get any.

1. Gor #ays the rescuers looke# for the lost cli!bers in the sno$.


20/70

. ' #ont recognize the han#$riting on this envelope. 't ………………. fro! anyone $e

kno$.

-. Bour han#$riting ……………… clear, other$ise no one $ill be able to rea# it.

. Bou ……………….. a nuisance $hen youre a guest in so!eones house.

. 5ont panic/ %e ………………. late for the train. 't #oesnt leave till 1.+.

1. %e ……………… late for the train or $ell !iss our connection.

Put in must have been can’t/ couldn’t have been have to/ had to *be+ didn’t have to *be+.

1. @e kno$s a lot about flying planes. @e ………………. a pilot $hen he $as young.

2. >era ………………… at the super!arket this !orning. ' #i#nt see her there.

3. John ………………… at the bank till 1, so he only arrive# here five !inutes ago.

. %hen ……………… (she) ………………… at the hospital& I ;arly this !orning.

+. %e ha# enough foreign currency left at the en# of the holi#ay, so ' ………………to buy

any !ore.

. 4onica kne$ e:actly $hat to #o. ' ……………………. tell her t$ice.

-. =here are so !any nice things for tea, ' think you …………………. e:pecting us.

. =here ……………… an acci#ent on 0outh 0treet because the roa# is close# off.

. Bou ……………… $aiting long. 9fter all, '! only five !inutes late.

1. %hen ' $as a boy $e ……………….. sitting at our #esks $orking before the boss got in.

0upply mustn’t or needn’t/ don’t have to/ haven’t got to.

1. Bou ………………… $ork such long hours. Bou $ont earn any !ore.

2. =hey ………………… $ear a unifor!. 'ts not obligatory.

3. 0he …………………. leave the office last. 0he can go $hen shes rea#y.

. Bou really ……………….. $aste !oney like that. 't $orries your parents.

+. >isitors ……………….. enter the laboratories $ithout per!ission.

. %e ………………… al$ays $ear protective clothing in the factory.

-. Bou ………………. go to the party if you #ont $ant to. Dobo#ys forcing you.

. @e ……………….. #o the ?ob to#ay, as long as it gets #one so!e ti!e this $eek.. 0urely $e ……………… leave ho!e yet. 'ts far too early to go to the station.

1. Passengers……………….. s!oke in the toilets.

0upply needn’t have or didn’t have to an# the correct for! of the verbs in brackets.

1. ' ………………….. the plu!ber. ' learnt later that John ha# alrea#y phone# hi!. (phone)

2


21/70

2. ' ………………….. the plu!ber. ' kne$ John ha# alrea#y phone# hi!. (phone)

3. Bou ………………… your u!brella after all. 't hasnt raine#. (bring)

. =he forecast $as for fine $eather so ' kne$ ' ……………… !y u!brella. (bring)

+. ' ………………… these clothes. ' #i#nt kno$ they ha# alrea#y been $ashe#. ($ash)

. ' ……………….. a !eal last night because $e $ent out an# the foo# ' prepare# $as

uneaten.(cook)

Cespon# to these state!ents $ith shouldn’t have done that or oughtn’t to have done that.

1. ' ha# to stop on the !otor$ay. …………………………………….

2. John rea# your letter. ………………………………………………

3. Grank an# Jane sat in the sun all #ay. ……………………………..

. Jane left the front #oor unlocke#. …………………………………

+. ' borro$e# your car this !orning. …………………………………

Gill in the blanks $ith for!s of use# to or the past progressive.

1. %e ………………….. for long $alks in the country $hen $e $ere ki#s. (go)

2. ' …………………….getting up early $hen ' $as young. 'n fact, ' still #ont like it. (like)

3. …………………. you ………………. eating vegetables $hen you $ere young& (like)

. ' ………………. #rive to get to $ork, but ' #ont any longer. (have to)

+. ' never ………………. 0un#ays, but ' #o no$. (en?oy)

. ' ……………….. a bath $hen you phone# !e. (have)

-. 0he …………….. an e!ployee at the post office before she starte# her o$n business.

(be)

. =here ……………… open fiel# all roun# our to$n $hen ' $as a boy. (be)

. John an# ' ………………… abroa# last year. ($ork)

1. …………………… it ……………….. here yester#ay& (rain)

%hat #o the sentences belo$ e:press& 6hoose a, b, c, or %#

a courage b lack of courage c challenge % outrage1. Bou #are raise your voice/

2. ' #are you to put a spi#er in her #esk.

3. @o$ #are you speak to !e like that&

. @es the only person $holl #are (to) stan# up to her/

+. ' $ante# to ask for so!e ti!e off, but ' #i#nt #are.

21


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. Jills frien#s #are# her to bring her pet snake to class.

-. ' #arent ask for any !ore !oney.

. @e lost his ?ob because he #are# (to) speak out.

. 5ont you #are #o anything like that in public again/

1. ' #arent have sai# so at the ti!e, but ' $as very bore#.

0upply suitable verb for!s in these sentences.

=hen !ark your ans$ers a (K shoul#), b (K si!ple present) or c (sub?unctive).

1. 4arion propose# that ………………… a gift for Ji! $ho $oul# soon be leaving the

fir!. ($eH buy)

2. =he travel agent reco!!en#e# that ……………….. #riving abroa# #uring the holi#ays.

($eH avoi#)

3. ' suggest that …………….. this !atter #uring the !eeting. (heHnot raise)

. 9ll ' ask is that …………….. the rules. (theyH not break)

+. %hat #oes he a#vise …………. & (sheH #o)

. 'ts not goo# #e!an#ing that ……………… our perfor!ance. %ere #oing our best. ($eH

i!prove)

-. ' $oul# only reAuest that ……………… goo# care of this flat $hile youre living in it.

(youH take)

. @er solicitor insiste# that she …………….. in signing the contract. (notH #elay)

. ' suggest ……………… a ta:i if $e $ant to get to the !eeting on ti!e. ($eH take)

1. @e aske# that …………… to visit his chil#ren once a $eek. (heH be allo$e#)

(. *. 9le:an#er)

6hoose the !ost suitable $or#s.

1. ' #ont think you could/ should tell anyone yet.

2. ' couldn’t/ shouldn’t possibly leave $ithout paying.

3. =hat mustn’t/ can’t be the hotel Jane tol# us about.. =here are ti!es $hen the traffic here can/ could be really heavy.

+. %e are en?oying our holi#ay, though the $eather could/ must be better.

. Bou couldn’t/ shouldn’t really be singing here.

-. Bou could/ may be ol#er than !e, but that #oesnt !ean youre cleverer.

. ' might/ should suppose your ?ob is rather #ifficult.

22


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. '! afrai# that nobo#y should/ would help !e in that kin# of situation.

1. Do !e!ber of the association must/ shall re!ove official #ocu!ents fro! these pre!ises

$ithout $ritten per!ission.


sa!e.

1. ' e:pect this beach $ill be #eserte#. (0@


24/70


sa!e.

1. 't $asnt very nice of you not to invite !e to your party/ (4'*@=)

…………………………………………………………………..

2. =hank you very !uch for buying !e flo$ers/ (0@


25/70

3. (ou can buy vi#eos like this one any$here.

……………………………………………..

. Someone has to write the history of the ;uropean 6o!!unity one #ay.

………………………………………………………………………….

+. Someone may have already written the history of the ;uropean

6o!!unity.

………………………………………………………………………..

. %hen $e arrive# ho!e, $e foun# that someone had broken one of our

$in#o$s.

…………………………………………………………………………

-. They have sold their car to pay their #ebts.

……………………………………………..

. They hold a !eeting in the village hall once a $eek.

…………………………………………………………

(.*. 9le:an#er)

0# +


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%e ………………… an# our vehicle …………………………….

. =hey $ill post our letters $hen the ship arrives at the ne:t port of call.


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6o!plete these sentences $ith the correct for!s of the verbs in brackets.

1. =heyve ?ust ha# their living roo! …………………… (#ecorate).

2. Bour car engine soun#s #rea#ful. Bou ought to have it …………(look at).

3. @ave you ha# your eyes ………………… recently& (test)

. @is going to have his hair ……………… at the $eeken#. (cut)

+. 6an ' have this letter ……………….., please& (photocopy)

=his letter is so i!portant, '! going to have it ………………… by a la$yer. ($rite)

(.*. 9le:an#er)

?# +


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5eci#e in each sentence $hether only one or both verbs in italics are suitable.

1. Jean had/ got her han#bag snatche#.

2. Fnfortunately !y uncle was/ got kille# in the $ar.

3. 'n $ork slo$ly, but ' have/ get !y ?obs #one in the en#.

. ' !ust have/ get these trousers altere#.

+. 't took all #ay , but ' eventually had/ got the $ashing7!achine repaire#.

. 0everal people were/ got left behin# $hen the bus #rove off.

-. %e have had/ got all our !oney stolen, so $e nee#e# help.

. %hy #ont you have/ get the cooker seen to&

. Paul was/ got in?ure# after he ha# been playing for only five !inutes.

1. @elen had/ got her house painte# last year as usual.

(4ichael >ince)

7# +" I*FI*I+I-" A*D +" !I*; F)'

1# +


29/70

. ets ……………………, shall $e& (go out)

. =hat =7shirt !akes you look younger. (look)

1. ' $as !a#e …………….. floors. (scrub)

Join or re$rite the sentences belo$ using the $or#s given.

1. ' foun# this book. =he librarian helpe# !e.

=he librarian helped *me+ *to+ find this book.

2. ' have to fill in this ?ob application for!. 6an you help !e&

6an you …………………………………………………

3. Bou !ustnt $orry so !uch. ' can help you.

' can help ……………………………………

. People kno$ hi! to be a very generous !an.

@e …………………………………………

+. @es a ruthless business!an. @e is kno$n for that.

@es kno$n ……………………………………….

. 0hes never on ti!e.

've never kno$n ………………………………….

(.*. 9le:an#er)

2. +


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2# -erb 3C noun pronoun4 C toininitive

Ce$rite these sentences to begin $ith the $or#s in italics.

1. @e# like to buy a car. He can’t afford it. He can’t afford to buy a car .

2. ' #i#nt passe# !y #riving test. I failed . ……………………………..

3. @ell pay for all of us. He’s offering . ……………………………..

. 6an you !ove the #esk on your o$n& -an you manage ………………….&

+. @e $ants to ?oin the ar!y& He’s !ust applied . …………………………

-. 9pologize to her& I refuse. ………………………………………..

6o!plete these sentences so that they refer to other people.

1. ' #ont $ant to speak to the !anager. ' $ant you to speak to him.

2. 0he #oesnt e:pect to pay. 0he e:pects ………………………..

3. ' #ont $ant to $rite to the!. '# like ………………………….

. ' #ont $ant anyone to kno$ about it. '# hate ………………..

+. Bou $ont listen to !e. @o$ !any ti!es #o ' have to ask……………..&

. ' cant #o the ?ob !yself. ' nee# ……………………….

-. %e cant !ove it. Perhaps you can help ………………….

6o!plete these sentences using an ob?ect M to7infinitive after the verbs.

1. =ake out a loan. 4y bank !anager a#vise# me to take out a loan.

2. 0he #i#nt peel the potatoes. Bou #i#nt tell …………………….

3. %e $ork har#.


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3. Cing !e later. %oul# you be so goo#&

%oul# you ……………………………………………..&

.


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12. @e o$ns several ……………. by @ockney. (paint)

13. %ho #oes the ……………. in this house& (cook)

1. =his ………………. is har# to rea#. ($rite)

1+. @es goo# at …………… bikes. (repair)

1. …………… fruit is goo# for you. (eat)

(.*. 9le:an#er)

?# -erb C t all the ti!e. ……………………….

2. 0ylvia is frantic. 0he is getting rea#y for the $e##ing.

…………………………

3. ' got tire#. ' $aite# so long for an ans$er. ……………………………

. Janes occupie#. 0hes !aking lists. …………………………………..

+. %ere busy. %ere #ecorating the house. …………………………..

6o!plete this sentences $ith the correct for!s of the verbs in brackets.

1. @e left $ithout …………………… (pay)

2. 5ont punish hi! for ………………. (shout)

3. '! intereste# in …………….. (act). %ere bore# $ith ……………. car#s. (play)

+. ' a#vise you against …………….. that. (#o)

. ;:cuse !e for ………….. you. (#isturb) (.*. 9le:an#er)

. +


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0upply the correct for!s. *ive t$o for!s $here both are possible.

1. Bou !ust begin …………………….. har#er. ($ork)

2. ' $as beginning ……………….. ' $as $rong. (think)

3. 0he continue# ……………….. all through the fil!. (talk)

. ' ha# ?ust starte# ……………… $hen the $aiter took !y plate a$ay/ (eat)

+. %e inten#e# …………… to the concert, but $e $ere both ill. (go)

. '! inten#ing …………. hi! to!orro$. (see)

-. Bou o!itte# ……………. !e about it. (tell)

0upply the correct for! (to7infinitive or I ing ) of the verbs in brackets.

1. ' re!e!ber …………….. Paris $hen ' $as very young. (visit)

2. Please re!e!ber …………….. the #oor on your $ay out. (lock)

3. 5i# you re!e!ber ………………. Ji! last night& (phone)

. ' shall never forget …………………taken to see the 4osco$ 0tate 6ircus.

(be)

+. 5ont forget ………………….. ho$ !any are co!ing on 0atur#ay. (fin# out)

. ' forgot ………………. to the che!ists on !y $ay ho!e. (stop)

-. %e all trie#……………. hi!, but he ?ust $oul#nt listen to any of us. (stop)

. 'f you $ant to stop coughing, $hy #ont you try ……………. so!e $ater&

(#rink)

. 0he got annoye# because her husban# stoppe# …………….. in every shop

$in#o$. (look)

1. Just stop …………….. an# listen for a !o!ent. (talk)

(.*. 9le:an#er)

AD-".S

1# A%verbs o manner

33


34/70

1#1 A%verbs it< or it;

0upply the right a#verb.

1. @es a bad #river. @e #rives ………………. .

2. 0hes a hard $orker. 0he $orks ……………. .

3. @es a fast runner. @e runs ……………….. .

. '! a better player than you. ' play …………………. .

+. =his is an airmail letter. 0en# it ………………… .

. @e !a#e a sudden !ove. @e !ove# ……………. .

-. 0he gave a rude reply. 0he replie# …………….. .

. =he train is early. 't has arrive# ……………….. .

. 0hes glad to help. 0he helps…………………. .

1. @es a uick thinker. @e thinks …………….. .

11. 0hes an eager helper. 0he helps …………….. .

12. 4y na!e is last . ' co!e ……………… .

13. =he plane is very high. 'ts flying ……………….. .

1. 8e careful. 9ct ………………. .

1+. =he bus $as late. 't ca!e ……………… .

1. 0he $as brave. 0he acte# ……………… .

1-. =he house $as near. %e $ent ……………. .

1. %hat a wide $in#o$/


35/70

. 'f you $ant to succee#, you shoul# ai! …………… (highH highly)

. ' #ont think you $ere treate# very ………….. (?ustH ?ustly)

1. 've ………….. been offere# a ?ob in 4e:ico/ (?ustH ?ustly)

11. Please #ont go too ……… the e#ge of the platfor!. (nearH nearly)

12. ' …………. fell off the e#ge of the platfor!/ (nearH nearly)

1#2 A%ectives ;

6hange the a#?ectives into a#verbs or a#verbial phrases in the follo$ing sentences.

1. =hat $as a cowardly thing to #o. Bou acte# in a cowardly way.

2. =hat $as a uick response. 0he respon#e# …………………..

3. =he !usic $as very loud. =he ban# playe# far too …………..

. =hat $as a silly thing to #o. Bou acte# …………………

+. =he orchestra gave a lively perfor!ance. =hey perfor!e# ……………….

. 0he a slow runner. 0he runs ……………….

-. =he singers gave a bad perfor!ance. =hey perfor!e# ……………….

. 0he cant control her motherly feeling. ;ven though hes , she looks after hi!.

. 0hes a lovely teacher. 0he han#le young chil#ren …………………….

1. 0he #elivere# a careful speech. 0he spoke ………………….

11. @e looks pale an# sickly. @e al$ays greets !e …………….

12. Bou #ont have to be so unfriendly/ Bou nee#nt look at !e …………….

(.*. 9le:an#er)

0 A%verbs o time

0#1 /oints o time

Gill in the !issing points of ti!e.

1 yesterday to#ay tomorrow

2 …………………… this !orning ………………. 3 …………………… at noon ……………….

…………………… this afternoon ……………….

+ …………………… this evening ……………….

……………………. tonight ……………….

- …………………….. this 4on#ay ……………….

3+


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…………………….. this January ……………….

…………………….. this $eek ………………..

1 ……………………. this $eek ………………..

0#0 Still; an% >et;

Ce$rite these sentences supplying still or yet . 0o!eti!es both are possible.

1. =he chil#ren are at the cine!a. The children are still at the cinema.

2. ' havent !et your brother. ……………………………………………….

3. Ji! $orks for the sa!e co!pany. ……………………………………….

. @as she phone# you& ………………………. I Do, not ………………..

+. =he ne$ la$ hasnt co!e into force. ……………………………………

0#2 Alrea%>; an% >et;

Ce$rite these sentences using yet or already .

1. @ave you ha# breakfast& I 've ha# it, thanks. I’ve already had it thanks.

2. ' havent receive# an invitation to the party. …………………………….

3. ' have receive# an invitation to the party. ……………………………….

. @ave you finish eating& …………………………………………………

+. @avent you finish eating& ………………………………………………

2 A%verbial p


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3. 've kno$n hi! si: years.

. 've been e:pecting a letter $eeks.

+. 've been e:pecting a letter last $eek.

. 've en?oye# ?azz ' $as a boy.

Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences so that the !eaning stays the sa!e.

1. ' havent $ritten any letters for a year.

=he last ti!e ………………………

2. %e last visite#


38/70

1. 4y father $alke# …… half an hour every !orning before breakfast. @e $alke#

to his office …….. half an hour.

2. %eve ?ust #riven fro! 'stanbul. %e got here …… seven an# a half hours, in

spite of the rain. 't has been pouring …… the last three hours of the ?ourney.

3. 't use# to take several !onths to sail roun# the $orl#. Do$ astronauts can go

roun# the $orl# ….. a !atter of !inutes.

(C.9. 6lose)

2#5 For an% during

Put in for or during .

1# 't raine# …………. three #ays $ithout stopping.

0# ' fell asleep ……….. the fil!.

2# ' $ent to the theatre last night. ' !et ucy ……………. the interval.

5# 4artin hasnt live# in 8ritain all his life. @e live# in 8razil …………… four years.

7# Pro#uction at the factory $as seriously affecte#…………….. the strike.

?# ' felt really ill last $eek. ' coul# har#ly eat anything ……………the #ays.

@# ' $aite# for you ………. half an hour an# #eci#e that you $erent co!ing.

8# 0ue $as very angry $ith !e. 0he #i#nt to !e ………….. a $eek.

9# %e usually go out at $eeken#s, but $e #ont often go out ………. the $eek.

1B# Jack starte# a ne$ ?ob a fe$ $eeks ago. 8efore that he $as out of $ork …………si:

!onths.

(Cay!on# 4urphy)

2#7 During an% while

Put in during or while.

1. %e !et a lot of people ……… $e $ere on holi#ay.

2. %e !et a lot of people ……… our holi#ay.

3. ' !et 4ike ………….. ' $as shopping.

. …………. $e $ere in Paris, $e staye# at a very co!fortable hotel.

+. …………. our stay in Paris, $e visite# a lot of !useu!s an# galleries.. =he phone rang three ti!es …………… $e $ere having #inner.

-. =he phone rang three ti!es …………. the night.

. ' ha# been a$ay for !any years. ………….. that ti!e, !any things ha# change#.

. %hat #i# they say about !e ……….. ' $as out of the roo!&.

1. Jack rea# a lot of books an# !agazines …………. he $as ill.

3


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(Cay!on# 4urphy)

Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences so that the !eanings stays the sa!e.

1. 'ts !any years since $eve ha# a really sno$y $inter.

%e ………………………………………………….

2. ' #i#nt hear the ne$s until the ne:t #ay.

't $asnt ………………………………

3. 'ts t$o $eeks since 8etty $ent to 'n#ia.

8etty …………………………………

. Bou !ove# here in January, #i#nt you&

Bouve ………………………………..

+. =he last ti!e they visite# us $as t$o !onths ago.

=hey havent ……………………………………. (4aruisz 4isztal)

5 A%verbs o re=uenc>

5#1 /osition o a%verbs o re=uenc> in airmatives an% =uestions

Ce$rite these sentences using any suitable a#verb of freAuency in each one.

1. ' a! late. I am generally late.

2. ' $as late for $ork . ……………………………………………….

3. ' can tell the #ifference bet$een the t$o. …………………………………………

. ' $oul# have been able to fin# a ?ob like yours. …………………………………

+. Bou trie# har# enough. …………………………………………..

. Bou got goo# !arks at school. …………………………………..

-. 9re you late& ……………………………………………………..

. @ave you live# in this to$n& ……………………………………..

. 5i# you get goo# !arks at school& ……………………………….

5#0 + in negative statements

%rite these sentences again using the a#verbs in brackets. 4ake changes $hen

necessary.1. Public transport isnt reliable. (al$ays) ……………………………………..

2. @e $asnt late $hen he $orke# here. (often) …………………………………

3. 0he #oesnt arrive on ti!e. (usually) …………………………………………

. 0he #oesnt arrive on ti!e. (so!eti!es) ……………………………………..

+. %e #ont $orry if the chil#ren are late. (nor!ally) ………………………….

3


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. Bou #ont phone. (har#ly ever) ……………………………………………..

-. Bou #ont co!plain. (generally) …………………………………………….

. Boure not at ho!e $hen ' phone. (so!eti!es)…………………………..

5#2 A%verbs o re=uenc> at t.

' #ont ………………………..

3. ' har#ly ever eat s$eets.

' ………………………………

. @ar#ly ever have ' been as angry as ' $as on that #ay.


41/70

' have ………………………………………………..

+. %e rarely spen# our holi#ays abroa#.

%e har#ly………………………………….

(4aruisz 4isztal)

7 A%verbs o %egree

7#1 +;

9## uite an# fairly. 4ark as co!pli!entary, less co!pli!entary or co!pletely.

1. 0he sings uite/ fairly $ell. (complimentary’/ less complimentary’ )

2. =he #inner is ………………….. spoilt. …………………………………

3. ' feel …………………….sick. …………………………………

. 0hes ……………………… clever. …………………………………

+. ' think hes ……………………. !a#. …………………………………

. Boure ……………………….incre#ible/ ………………………………..

7#2 at


42/70

7#5 'uc;, ar; an% a lot; as a%verbs o %egree

9## much any far or a lot an# give alternatives $here possible.

1. '! not …………….. goo# at !aths.

2. Boure …………….. Auicker than !e.

3. =his is …………….. !ore e:pensive.

. =his is …………….. the best $ay to en?oy yourself.

+. ' cant go …………… faster.

. =hose t$o recor#ings arent …………… #ifferent.

-. ' #ont ………….. like people $ho sho$ off.

. ' …………….. prefer s$i!!ing to cycling.

. =his !achine isnt ……………… use.

1. Boure ………….. thinner than $hen ' last sa$ you.

(. *. 9le:an#er)

?# Intensiiers

?#1 -er>, too an% ver> muc<

0upply very, too, or very much in these sentences. =$o ans$ers are possible#

1. ' hear Jack has been ………… ill.

2. ' cant go …………. faster than '! going.

3. *o slo$er. Boure #riving ……….. fast for !e.

. 0he #i#nt think !y $ork $as ………. goo#.

+. ' cant affor# that. 'ts …………. e:pensive.

. 'f you think that, you are …………… !istaken.

-. =his pro?ect has …………. intereste# our fir!.

. ' #i#nt en?oy the !eal……..

. 0usans paintings have been ………….. a#!ire#.

1. ' al$ays try an# buy the ……….. best.

?#0 A%verbs in place o very: e!treely, fast, awfully" terribly, highly, badly

Fse suitable a#verbs in place of very.

1. =he traffic is ………………. slo$ to#ay.

2


43/70

2. '! …………… confuse# by the ne$ regulations.

3. ' ……………. appreciate all youve #one for !e.

. %e are …………….. intereste# in your proposal.

+. =hat ra#io talk $asnt …………….. interesting.

. ' $as ………………. a$ake all night.

-. ' $as ………………. hurt by her ans$er.

.


44/70


45/70

. 5ont #rink tea an# #ont #rink coffee, …………..

-. ' #ont kno$ an# ' #ont care, ………………

. ' kno$ John $ell an# ' like hi!, …………….

@#2 &lso an% as well

9## also to these sentences.

1. 0he can act an# she can sing. …………………………………………….

2. ' have ha# a rest an# ' have ha# a sho$er. ……………………………….

3. @e $rites novels an# he $rites => scripts. ……………………………….

. @e has been arreste# an# he $ill be trie#. ………………………………….

+. Bou shoul# have phone# an# you shoul# have $ritten. ……………………..

(.*. 9le:an#er)

8# -iepoint a%verbs

4ark the vie$pointers (a7i) that are e:presse# in this te:t.

' $as agreeably………. surprise# to learn that ' ha# passe# !y history e:a!. $etween

ourselves, ………….' $as e:pecting to fail. ,fter all ,………….. ' ha#nt #one any $ork

an#, naturally,…………… ' #i#nt think ' #eserve# to pass. 0o $hen the results ca!e, '

$as e:pecting the $orst. ,s a general rule,………….. you get $hat you #eserve an# this

is certainly ……….. true of e:a!s. 2rankly,…….. ' #eserve# to fail, but, ' not only

passe#, ' even got very goo# !arks. =his only sho$s that luck can help at any rate,

………… it helpe# in !y case. In my view,……….. it ?ust sho$s that passing e:a!s is

not al$ays a !atter of har# $ork.

a+ I am making a generali3ation f) I am sure

b+ the reason for this was g) the important thing is

c+ I don’t want you to repeat this h) I’m being honest

d+ I was pleased ') I’m e#pressing my opinion

e+ as was to be e#pected

9# $onnecting a%verbs

4ark the connecting i#eas (a7h) that are e:presse# in this te:t.

+


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,ccording to …………… a lot of people ' kno$, there are fe$ things !ore terrifying

than having to speak in public. =he only $ay to succee# is to follo$ strict rules. 2irst of

all , …………… you shoul# be $ell 7 prepare#. Second , …… you shoul# have a fe$

?okes rea#y. ,s well as that , ……….. you shoul# have rehearse# your speech, preferably

in front of a !irror. In comparison with …….. being hit by a bus, public speaking isnt

that ba#, but its ba# enough. However , ………….you can !ake things easier for yourself

by being rea#y. ,lternatively …………..you can #o nothing an# !ake a fool of yourself.

To sum up,………. success #epen#s entirely on you.

a+ I am introducing a list

b+ I am making an addition

c) ' a! pointing to a contrast

d+ I am stating an alternative

e+ I am summari3ing

f+ I am making a second point

g+ I am making a comparison

h+ ,s stated by

(.*. 9le:an#er)

1B# Inversion ater negative a%verbs

6hoose the !ost suitable $or#s in italics.

1. Ji! pro!ise# that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else.

2. Dot until it $as too late I remembered/ did I remember to call 0usan.

3. @ar#ly ha# $e settle# #o$n in our seats than/ when the lights $ent out.

.


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+. =he police #i#nt at all suspect that the ?u#ge $as the !ur#erer.

ittle ………………………………………………………..

. =he sno$fall $as so heavy that all the trains ha# to be cancelle#.

0o ……………………………………………………………

-. =he bus #river cannot be bla!e# for the acci#ent in any $ay.

'n …………………………………………………………..

. 'ts not co!!on for there to be so !uch rain in 4arch.

0el#o! ………………………………………………..

. 9s soon as ' got into the bath, so!eone knocke# at the #oor.

Do sooner ………………………………………………..

1. Just after the play starte# there $as a po$er failure.

@ar#ly ………………………………………………

11. =he Pri!e 4inister has har#ly ever !a#e a speech as inept as this.

Carely …………………………………………………………….

12. %e ha# only ?ust arrive# ho!e $hen the police calle#.

0carcely ………………………………………………

13. Press photographers are banne# fro! taking photographs backstage.


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1# elations


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1. %hen ' go …….. school, ' go ……. the on#on Coa# for half a !ile. ' pass the

!useu! …….. !y $ay. ' stop ……. the traffic lights. %hen the light turns

green, ' go ……. the roa#, ……. a gate an# ……. park. ' go …….. the park an#

…… of it ……. a gate …….. the other si#e. ' arrive ……. !y school at five to

eight an# stay …… school till t$elve.

2. 9t night, ships ……… sea carry a re# light ……. the port (left) si#e an# a green

light ……… the starboar# (right). 0uppose $e are stan#ing …….. the #eck of a

ship an# see t$o lights, one re# an# the other green, one …… the other. 'f the re#

one is ……. the left, the lights in#icate that there is a ship going …….. the sa!e

#irection as $e are. 'f the re# one is ….. the right, they tell us that the ship

co!ing ……. us.

3. 0o!e boys $ere thro$ing stones. =hey began by thro$ing stones …… a rock.

=he one sai#, Qets see ho$ far $e can thro$. 4y last stone $ent …… that pine

tree.L =he el#est boy sai#, Q


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1. =he !useu! is open in the !orning …… ten ….. one. 's it open again …..

lunch& Bes, it stays open …. four.

2. ' get up at si: an# have breakfast at eight. ' rea# …. seven an# then $alk ……

seven …… eight. %alking ……. breakfast gives !e an appetite.

3. '! hungry. ' havent ha# anything to eat …… last night. 8ring !e so!ething to

eat no$. ' cant $ait …… lunch ti!e.

. ack " @o$ long have you kno$n 4ary& ohn"


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3. =he 9frican elephant $ill be e:tinct $ithin t$enty years if an international

………………… the ivory tra#e is not starte# i!!e#iately.

. 5o you have any ………………. !y parking !y car in front of the house&

+. =he ……………. che$ing gu! is that it loses its flavour too Auickly.

. ' kno$ you have a col#, but thats no ………………… not #oing your

ho!e$ork.

-. 'f you have to #eal $ith oversea clients, a ………………… foreign languages is

very useful.

. Perhaps the three !ost i!portant hu!an rights are ………………….. hunger,

fear an# persecution.

. 'n our class, $e can #o as $e like" our teacher has no ……………….. us at all.

1. =he C0P69 is concerne# $ith prevention of ……………… ani!als.

11.


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. %e #eci#e# to leave at ……………….. in or#er to get there before !i##ay. R 5 S

S S T

+. @e $as very reluctant to #o it at ……………….., but in the en# he agree#. R S S S

S = T

. 9lthough $e ha# not !et before, !y host !a#e !e feel co!pletely at

…………… . R S S 4 S T

-. 5espite $hat people !ight hope, $o!en are still at a ……………….. $hen it

co!es to getting a top ?ob. R 5 S S S S > S S = S S S T

. =he nor!al price $as 2+U, but since ' kne$ hi!, he let !e have the! at a

…………………. . R 5 S 0 S S S S S T

. %orking in a bank isnt the !ost e:citing ?ob in the $orl#, perhaps, but at

……………… it pays the rent. R S ; 9 S S T

1. 'n 8ritain, it is very co!!on to put the cat out at ……………. . R S S S @ S T

11. 8et$een 13 an# 1+, 8ritain $as at ……………… $ith *er!any. R S S C T

12. 9t …………….., after being turne# #o$n by ten publishers, he !anage# to get

his novel accepte#. R S S 0 S T

13. '! afrai# 4s 0i!psons not here at the …………… . 6oul# you call back later&

R S S 4 S D S T

1. =here $as a large notice in the school cloakroo! that sai#" 6


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3. 't $as al!ost !i#night $hen $e ……………………… the station.

. 0o!e people fin# it #ifficult to …………………. an 9!erican an# a 6ana#ian.

+. =he priest sai# he $oul# …………….. us.

. 9lthough he ha# survive# the battle, the sol#ier later ………………… his $oun#s.

-. Gor years, his $ife ha# ……………… varicose veins.

. 5o you think people shoul# be allo$e# to …………….. ani!als&

. ' #ont kno$ $hy, but ' really hate ………………….. car#s. 't puts !e in a ba#

!oo# all #ay.

1. @e …………….. the !anager about the poor service at the restaurant.

11. %oul# you sat that the 8ritish @ouse


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……………………….. ………………………

………………….

GC


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………………………………………..

. =ina re$rote the Grench book in 0panish. (GC


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3 =his piece of !usic $as …………………… by 8eethovens 4oonlight 0onata.

=he flat $asnt very big, but it $as perfectly ………………….. our nee#s.

+ Dever beco!e ……………….. cigarettes/

9lthough he $oul#nt a#!it it, everyone coul# see that he $as ……………..his

$ifes success.

- @e $as …………….. the race for taking #rugs.

4y neighbour is ………………..pruning fruit trees.

Q%ho else $as …………….. the cri!e&L the police!an aske# the suspect.

1 @e $as nearly si:teen before he first beca!e ……………….. the opposite se:.

11 @e trie# to $ork but $as ………………. the noise fro! the traffic.

12 ife is ………………… surprises, isnt it&

13 Pop groups are …………………s!ashing up hotel roo!s.

1 =he teacher $as ………………her stu#ents for not #oing their ho!e$ork.

1+ 9lthough they sai# they $ere ………………..our case, they $ere not prepare# to

support us officially.

1


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-. in ……………… $ith

. in ………………. to

. in ……………… for

1. on …………….. of

11. on …………….$ith

12. out of ………… for

13. to …………….. of

1. un#er …………. of

1+. $ith ………….. to

1. $ith ………….. of

(Peter %atcyn7Jones, Jake 9llsop)

@# I%iomatic prepositional p


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12. @ell never pass his e:a! I not ………. a !onth of 0un#ays.

13. =he goo#s $ere not sol# openly but $ere available ……….. the counter.

1. @e hasnt $on yet I not ……………. a long chalk.

1+. 0he never once nee#e# to consult the !anual she ha# all the infor!ation

……………… her fingertips.

1. People arrive# slo$ly, t$o or three at a ti!e. =hey arrive# ………….. #ribs an#

#rabs.

1-. 0top $asting ti!e/ *et to !y office …………… the #ouble.

1. ' hate spi#ers. ' get ……………. a col# s$eat ?ust thinking about the!.

1. @es not lying. ;verything hes tol# us so far is ………… the level.

2. ' kno$ everything there is to kno$ about Co!an 8ritain. ' kno$ the sub?ect

………….. 9 to O.

(Peter %atcyn7Jones, Jake 9llsop)

$)*6U*$+I)*S

1# $oor%inating conunctions

1.1 A%%ition, contrast, alternatives' &nd, but, or

6o!plete the follo$ing sayings. Fse and but or or

1. Bou can take a horse to $ater, …… you cant !ake hi! #rink.

2. 0ink ……. 0$i!.

3. Bou scratch !y back …… 'll scratch yours.

. =o be …… not to be…

Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences if possible, o!itting sub?ects, an# linkingclauses $ith and.

1. 9n earthAuake struck 0outh 9!erica yester#ay. 't cause# so!e #a!age.

=he #a!age occurre# in a thinly7populate# area.

,n earthuake struck South ,merica yesterday and caused some damage.

+


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2. =he 2th century has seen the #evelop!ent of antibiotics. Penicillin $as #evelope#

in the 1s. 't has save# thousan#s of lives.

…………………………………………………………………………

3. Cain $ill sprea# into all areas. 0no$ !ay fall on high groun#. 5rie# $eather is

e:pecte# to!orro$.

…………………………………………………………………………..

. =he !anager invite# $orkers representatives to the !eeting. @e e:plaine# the

position to the!. =hey ha# a long talk $ith hi!.

……………………………………………………………………………….

+. 0usan an# ' $ent on a trip to Co!ania. %e sa$ a lot of interesting sights. ' spent

t$o #ays in 'taly on the $ay ho!e.

………………………………………………………………………………

. 0o!e #elegates arrive# by train.


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' feel ……………………………………………………

. ' phone# ;!!a an# invite# her to the party but she $asnt very

enthusiastic about it.

0he soun#e# ……………………………………………………..

4ake sentences beginning $ith It looks as if)/ It sounds as if)

Bou ha# a goo# ti!e theres been an acci#ent they are having an argu!ent

'ts going to rain she isnt co!ing $ell have to $alk

(. 0an#ra sai# she $oul# be here an hour ago. Bou say" It looks as if she isn’t

coming.

6. =he sky is full of black clou#s. Bou say" 't ………………………………….

7. Bou hear to people shouting at each other ne:t #oor.

Bou say" ……………………………………………

8. Bou see an a!bulance, so!e police!en an# t$o #a!age# cars at the si#e of the

roa#.

Bou say …………………………………………………………………………..

9. Bou an# a frien# have ?ust !isse# the last bus ho!e.

Bou say ………………………………………………

:. 0ue an# 5ave have ?ust been telling you about all the interesting things they #i#

$hile they $ere on holi#ay.

Bou say ………………………………………………………………………..

(Cay!on# 4urphy)

0#0 $ontrast' although, whereas) although" though"even though) in s%ite of" des%ite

&lthough versus but 3coor%inating conunction4

(ooH at t


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(a) ……………………………………………………………

(b) ……………………………………………………………

3. Jane like to singH Jane is not a very goo# singer.

(a) ………………………………………………………….

(b) ………………………………………………………….

. !y cars runs very $ellH ' #i# not pay a lot of !oney for !y car.

(a) ……………………………………………………………..

(b) …………………………………………………………….

+. >an *oghs paintings are no$ $orth !illionsH >an *ogh #i# not sell

any paintings #uring his lifeti!e.

(a) ………………………………………………………………

(b) ………………………………………………………………

. $e #i# not play $ellH $e $on the !atch

(a) ………………………………………………………………

(b) ………………………………………………………………

-. a lot of novels are publishe# every yearH very fe$ novels beco!e

bestsellers

(a) ………………………………………………………………

(b) ………………………………………………………………

. there re!ain #iseases for $hich there is no cureH s!allpo: has been

era#icate#

(a) ………………………………………………………………..

(b) ………………………………………………………………..

Whereas versus although

Join the i#eas using whereas or although

Soccer is pla>e% it< a roun% ball a4 cats are solitar> b> nature

%hales an# #olphins are not fish b) rugby is playe# $ith an oval ball

4ercury is a !etal c) in 9ustralia it starts in 0epte!ber ;nglish is a *er!anic language #) they spen# their lives in $ater.

4any people believe in astrology e) future vehicles !ay use hy#rogen.

5ogs are pack ani!als f) people kno$ it is har!ful.

'n 8ritain, spring starts in 9pril g) it is a liAui# at roo! te!perature.

Present7#ay cars run on petrol h) Grench is #escen#e# fro! atin

1


62/70

0!oking is still a co!!on habit ?) it lacks any scientific proof

(5onal# 9#a!son)

&lthough"though"even though an% in s%ite of" des%ite

Join the sentences using although.

' #i#nt speak the language '# !et her t$ice before

' ha# never seen her before he has a very i!portant ?ob

't $as Auite col# $e #ont like the! very !uch

=he heating $as on $eve kno$n each other for a long ti!e

1. ……………………………………, he isnt particularly $ell7pai#.

2. ……………………………………., ' recognise# her fro! a photograph.

3. 0he $asnt $earing a coat ……………………………………………… .

. %e thought $e# better invite the! to the party ……………………….. .

+. …………………………………….., ' !anage# to !ake !yself un#erstoo#.

. ………………………………………, the roo! $asnt $ar!.

-. ' #i#nt recognise# her ……………………………………….. .

. %ere not very goo# frien#s …………………………………. .

6o!plete the sentences $ith although/ in spite of/ because/ because of

1. ……… it raine# a lot, $e en?oye# our holi#ay.

2. a ……… all our careful plans, a lot of things $ent $rong.

b………. $e ha# planne# everything carefully, a lot of things $ent $rong.

3. a ' $ent ho!e early ……………. ' $as feeling un$ell.

b ' $ent to $ork the ne:t #ay …………… ' $as still feeling un$ell.

. a 0he only accepte# the ?ob …………. the salary, $hich $as very high.

b 0he accepte# the ?ob …………… the salary, $hich $as rather lo$.

+. a ' !anage# to get to sleep …………. there $as a lot of noise.

b ' coul#nt get to sleep ………….. the noise.

(Cay!on# 4urphy)

0#2 eason: *ecause, since, as

Fn#erline the best ans$ers. 0o!eti!es both for!s are possible.

0o!e people believe that 4ozart #ie# because/since he $as poisone#.

John, as/because you speak Grench, ' $on#er if ' coul# ask you so!e $or#s&

2


63/70

%e have a surprise for you. $ecause/as you have helpe# us so often, an# for so !any

years, $e $oul# like to give you a present.

Since/,s everyone is here, $e can begin the !eeting.

$ecause/Since $e $ere young an# ine:perience#, $e !a#e a lot of !istakes.

Please allo$ Johnnie to leave school 1+ !inutes early, as/because he has a #entists

appoint!ent.

'll tell you $hy she lost her ?ob/ 0he $as #is!isse# since/because she $as lazy an#

inefficient/

' faile# in the e:a! precisely as/ because ' #i#nt have ti!e to stu#y.

' ask the Auestion %ho $ill pay& !erely as/ because $e have receive# no financial

#etails at all.

Gollo$ing our letter of 1th 9pril, since/because $e have not hear# fro! you, $e

assu!e that you have no ob?ections to the proposal that $as !a#e to you.

(5onal# 9#a!son)

0#5 esult: So 3versus so that, because, etc#4

Ce$rite the follo$ing sentences using the $or#s given in brackets.

1. %e ha# finishe# our $ork so $e $ent ho!e. (as)

,s we had finished our work we went home.

2. ise an# 6olin are having a party because theyve got engage#. (so)

…………………………………………………………………..

3. 0ince this is the tourist season, acco!!o#ation !ay be e:pensive. (so)

……………………………………………………………………

. 0he $ante# to rea# 5ante in the original language, so she learnt 'talian. (because)

…………………………………………………………………………

+. '! not going to the #isco because ' #ont like #isco !usic. (so)

…………………………………………………………………..

. Bou kno$ $hat is in the letter so ' $ont rea# it to you. (since)

………………………………………………………………..

-. ' $asnt present $hen the acci#ent happene#, so you cant bla!e !e. (as)…………………………………………………………………………

. 4eg is really angry because she $asnt invite# to the $e##ing. (so)

…………………………………………………………………….

. Ji! ha# $on +U in a lottery, so he bought #rinks for everybo#y. (because)

………………………………………………………………………………

3


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1. %ere here, so lets en?oy ourselves. (since)

…………………………………………………………………………….

6o!plete the sentences $ith so before a result, so that before a purpose.

1. =he co!pany is giving a prize

a) …………. it can get goo# publicity

b) ………….. $e shoul# try to $in it.

2. @arol# has gone to 'taly

a) ………….. he cant #eal $ith your inAuiry

b) ………….. he can !eet so!e in#ustrialists.

3. =i! bought a large house

a) ………… his parents coul# co!e an# live $ith hi!.

b) ………… he ha# no !oney to spen# on a car.

. 4ary got a bicycle

a) …………. she #oesnt nee# to use her car so !uch no$.

b) …………. she $oul#nt have to use her car so !uch.

(5onal# 9#a!son)

0#7 +ime: While, as, until, before, when, whenever

While versus as

6o!plete the follo$ing sentences $ith as or while an# a suitable for! of the verb in

brackets. 4ore than one ans$er !ay be possible.

1. ……… 0a! …………..(open) the #oor he hear# a short ring out.

2. ……… the police ………………. (investigate) the cri!e they receive# letters

!aking accusations.

3. Boull have ti!e to be sorry for your cri!e ………… you …………… (rot) in

prison/ shoute# *la#ys.

. ………… @arry …………….. (sai#) his yacht roun# the $orl#, his $ife $as

planning to kill hi!.+. =he #etails beca!e clearer ……………. #etectives ……………. (begin) to e:a!ine

the scene of the cri!e.

. ………….. the light of his torch …………….. (!ove) roun# the roo!, a terrible

sight !et his eyes.


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-. ook behin# you …………. you …………. .(#rive) to see if anyone is follo$ing

you, $arne# the #etective.

. 9ll these events took place …………… the couple …………….. (stay) at their

on#on ho!e.

*efore versus until

6o!plete the sentences belo$ $ith as, while, before or until.

1. 0u##enly, ………… $e $ere getting into the bus, the rain ca!e on.

2. 5ont $ait up for !e I itll be !i#night ………… ' get back.

3. ' $ont be satisfie# ………… 've $orke# out the ans$er to this puzzle/

. ………… the teacher $as out of the class. 0o!e pupils $rote a !essage on the

boar#.

+. %e cannot buy any !ore eAuip!ent this year ……….. ne$ fun#s arrive.

. =heres ti!e to get a san#$ich fro! the cafeteria …………… the ne:t class begins.

-. Bou can talk to the guests ………….. '! #oing the cooking.

. ………….. the clock struck !i#night, everybo#y $ishe# each other a @appy De$

Bear.

(5onal# 9#a!son)

When, whenever an# as (K while, because)

Fse when, whenever or as to fill the gaps in the follo$ing.

1. ……… (8ecause) there $ere no buses $e ha# to take a ta:i.

2. ……… he gre$ ol#er his te!per i!prove#. ( His temper got better every year .)

3. …….. he gre$ ol#er (he reached the age of say 8;) his te!per i!prove#.

. ……… the #oors opene# the cro$# began pouring in. (They didn’t wait for the doors

to open fully.)

+. …….. it beca!e #ark (after dark ), he left his hi#ing place.

. …….. the sun $ent #o$n, great bars of re# covere# the $estern sky.

-. …….. he left the house (while he was still in the doorway) he su##enly re!e!bere#$here he# seen her before.

. ……. he left the house (after leaving it ) he turne# right.

. ……. $e have a puncture (every time we have one) she ?ust sits in the car $hile '

change the $heel.

+


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1. …… $e approache# the to$n (came gradually near to it ) $e $on#ere# $hether

there# be roo! in the hotel.

(9.J. =ho!son, 9.>. 4artinet)

0#? $on%ition: +f, %rovided that, in case, if not, unless

+f versus %rovided an% in case

6o!plete the sentences belo$ $ith if , provided , or in case.

1. in#a agree# to len# us her car, …………… $e pai# her for the petrol.

2. %e !ust take first7ai# eAuip!ent $ith us ……………… any !e!ber of the group

gets in?ure#.

3. ' a! totally against the plan to $i#en the roa#/ ……………… the roa# is $i#ene#,

cars $ill si!ply go faster I there $ill be no i!prove!ent in safety/

. Gar!ers e:pect to have goo# crops …………….. there is rain #uring the ne:t !onth.

+. …………… the teacher fin#s out $hat youve #one hell be really angry.

. isten/ ' $ant to !ake the !atter absolutely clear to you, …………. theres any

!isun#erstan#ing. ' cant stan# 8ill an# ' $ont $ork $ith hi!/

-. ' a#vise you to carry your passport $ith you at all ti!es ……………. you nee# to

give proof of your i#entity.

. Bou have nothing to fear fro! the police ……………. you tell the truth.

. %ill you taken on the ?ob of secretary& Bes, on one con#ition I 'll #o it,

…………. so!eone helps !e $ith typing out letters.

1. =he $alkers #eci#e# to take $ar! clothing …………….. the $eather $orsene#.

+f not versus unless

@ere are so!e sentences that $ere spoken at a party. 6hoose the best $ay of

co!pleting each sentence. 0o!eti!es both (a) an# (b) are possible.

1. '! sure Ji! is going to have a nervous break#o$na+ if he doesn’t learn to rela#

b+ unless he learns to rela#

2. 0he# look lovely *a+ unless she wore *b+ if she didn’t $ear such ol# Ifashione#

clothes.


67/70

3. 'll be your frien# for life (a) if you don’t tell


68/70

-. 6hil#ren are allo$e# to use the s$i!!ing pool unless/ provided they are $ith an

a#ult.

. =nless/ provided they are $ith an a#ult, chil#ren are not allo$e# to use the

s$i!!ing pool.

. %e can sit here in the corner unless/ as long as you# rather sit there by the $in#o$.

1. 9"


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eerences

9#a!son, 5onal#. 1-. 5ractice (our -on!unctions and >inkers. on#ra" ong!an

9le:an#er, .*. 1. ?nglish


70/70

Documents

l.e.c. - An II.munteanu