Lecture 06 - Water Regulations

ChE 150 – Environmental Process Engineering 2nd Semester AY 2014-2015Engr. Kristian July R. Yap University of the Philippines – Diliman

WATER REGULATIONSWATER REGULATIONSWATER REGULATIONSWATER REGULATIONSChE 150 – Environmental Process Engineering

2nd Semester AY 2014-2015

ChE 150 – Environmental Process Engineering 2nd Semester AY 2014-2015

OUTLINE

� Existing Water Resources

� Status of Coastal Waters

� Status of Rivers

� Stream Standards

� Effluent Standards

� Phil. Clean Water Act of 2004


EXISTING WATER RESOURCES

MARINE WATERS

� Cover an area of about 226,000 sq km,including bays and gulfs

� Coastline stretches to about 17,460 km

� 64 of 79 provinces are in coastal areas

GROUNDWATER

� Deep well


EXISTING WATER RESOURCES

INLAND FRESHWATER

� Rivers

-- 18 major river basins

-- 421 principal rivers

� Lakes

-- 79 lakes

-- 10 major lakes


STATUS OF COASTAL WATERS

Source:

Ecowatch for the

Philippines and

International

Workshop, May

31-June 2, 2004,

JL Business

Consultancy Inc.





Source: Ecowatch for the Philippines and International Workshop, May 31-June 2, 2004, JL Business

Consultancy Inc.



Source:

Ecowatch for the

Philippines and

International

Workshop, May

31-June 2, 2004,

JL Business

Consultancy Inc.


STATUS OF COASTAL WATERSSource: CRMP, DENR, USAID, Tetra Tech EM

Inc.

Source: Ecowatch for the Philippines and

International Workshop, May 31-June 2, 2004, JL

Business Consultancy Inc.



Source: Ecowatch for the Philippines

and International Workshop, May 31-

June 2, 2004, JL Business Consultancy

Inc.


STATUS OF RIVERS


STATUS OF RIVERS

% of Rivers that are considered as sources of water supply 36

% of groundwater that is contaminated with coliform and needs

to be treated 58

% of groundwater extraction that is covered by proper permits 40

% of illnesses monitored over a 5-year period that is caused by

water-borne sources 31

% of Philippine population connected to a sewer system 7

Annual economic loss (health costs, fisheries and tourism losses)

caused by water pollution, in billions of pesos 67

Investment required to put a sewerage infrastructure, billion

pesos 250


STATUS OF RIVERS

Ratio of water demand to renewable available water 1:3

Drop in the levels of water resources per year 30-50% or 1 m/year

No. of major rivers safe for drinking

No of rivers that are biologically dead

0

50



WATER SITUATIONER

Water pollution and contamination

� Increase in water pollution loads by16 to 18 times for solids and organics

� Water resources use competition:domestic, municipal, industrial uses

� From 1995 to 2025: Increase of 70 to 345%

� Industrial use in cities: 700%


EFFLUENT REGULATIONS

STREAM STANDARDS (DAO 34)

� Regulates any discharge into a streamto the extent necessary to maintain the established stream classification

EFFLUENT STANDARDS (DAO 35)

� Requires that, in all effluents from a certaintype of industry, the waste discharged be kept below either a certain percentage or maximum concentration of polluting matter


STREAM STANDARDS

� The quality of Philippine waters shall be maintained in safe and satisfactory conditionaccording to their best usages

-- objective of water quality criteria is tomaintain minimum conditions necessaryto assure the suitability of water for itsdesignated use or classification

How do we determine the quality of our waterbodies?


WATER CLASSIFICATIONS

SURFACE WATERS



SURFACE WATERS



SURFACE WATERS



COASTAL and MARINE WATERS








STREAM STANDARDS

WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS


STREAM STANDARDS

WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR TOXIC and OTHER DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES


EFFLUENT STANDARDS

How do we determine the establishment’s compliance?

� DAO 35 (or DAO 1990-35)

-- Revised Effluent Regulations of 1990 (Revising and Amending the Effluent

Regulations of 1982)

-- Shall apply to all industrial andcommercial wastewater/effluents


EFFLUENT STANDARDS

TERMINOLOGIES

� OEI

-- Old and Existing Industry (as of 1990)

� NPI

-- New and Proposed Industry

� Strong Wastes

-- wastewater whose initial BOD value isequal or greater than 3,000 mg/L


EFFLUENT STANDARDS

EFFLUENT STANDARDS FOR CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS


EFFLUENT STANDARDS

EFFLUENT STANDARDS FOR CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANTS


EFFLUENT STANDARDS

EFFLUENT STANDARDS FOR TOXIC and OTHER DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES


EFFLUENT STANDARDS

EFFLUENT STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRIES PRODUCING STRONG WASTES



NOTES:

� Effluent standard is easier to administerthan stream standard.

� Effluent standard has no control over thevolume of waste being discharged.

� Effluent standard is based more on economics and practicality of treatment rather than an absolute protection of the stream.



NOTES:

� The primary motive of stream standardis to protect and preserve each streamfor its best usage.

� Difficulties include:

-- confusion when zones of different classifications are staddled by thewaste generator

-- need for complex and thorough stream survey prior to classification


CLEAN WATER ACT

� RA 9275 (Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004)

� Enacted on March 22, 2004

� Published on April 21, 2004

� Took effect on May 6, 2004

IRR of RA 9275 – DAO 2005-10

� Signed by the Secretary on May 16, 2005

� Published last May 26, 2005(Manila Times and Manila Standard Today)


CLEAN WATER ACT

OBJECTIVES

� To protect the country’s water bodiesfrom pollution from land-based sources

� To provide comprehensive and integrated strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through multi-sectoral and participatory approach involving all stakeholders


CLEAN WATER ACT

PRIMARY ASPECTS

� Nationalize a system of discharge permits,in effect, granting permissions to industryfor the use of surface waters (lakes, rivers, etc).

� Create water quality management areas thatwill be responsible for all the water and all water users within their jurisdictions.

� Make retrofits and use of clean technology more feasible than paying fines, encourage industry to use less water by rewarding re-use/recycling.




CLEAN WATER ACT

SALIENT FEATURES

� To promote a system of policy coordinationand cooperation among LGUs, water quality management areas or “river basins” shall be formed, each with a governing board.

� Establishment of a national baseline of groundwater vulnerability.

� Establishment of effluent standards basedon categories of point sources.


CLEAN WATER ACT

SALIENT FEATURES

� Requirement for sewage generators in highly urbanized cities (HUCs) and Metro Manila toput up appropriate sewage collection and treatment facilities or connect to sewage lines.In areas not considered as HUCs, a septic or combined sewerage-septic managementsystem shall be employed.

� Implementation of water pollution charge system based on “polluters pay principle”. The fee shall be based on the total waste load and other factors.


CLEAN WATER ACT

SALIENT FEATURES

� For new projects which are subjected to EIA System, a financial guarantee instrumentshall be required to finance emergencyresponse, clean-up or rehabilitation ofaffected areas, should pollution incidentclearly attributable to the project occurs.


CLEAN WATER ACT

SALIENT FEATURES

� Establishment of Water Quality Management Fund to finance containment and clean-up operations of government, research,capability-building, enforcement andmonitoring other expenses.


NEXT MEETING

� Water Treatment (Onsite)

ChE 150 – Environmental Process Engineering 2nd Semester AY 2014-2015Engr. Kristian July R. Yap University of the Philippines – Diliman

QUESTIONS???


REVIEW (1st Exam)

� Intro to Environmental Engineering

� Reactions in the Environment

� Hydrosphere

� Water Pollution

� Measures of Water Quality

� Water Regulations

Documents

Lecture 06 - Water Regulations