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BIOREACTOR CONSIDERATIONS FOR

SUSPENSION, IMMOBILIZED,ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

CULTURES

ERT 314 BIOREACTOR SYSTEM

Dr. Saleha Shamsudin

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Course Contents

Differences between batch and continuous system basedon productivity, modifications for batch and continuous

bioreactor, simple bioreactor design for immobilizedcell systems, animal and plant cell cultures, solid statefermentation process.

Chapter 9Bioprocess Engineering Basic Concepts

Michael L. Shuler/Fikret KargiPrentice Hall International Series in the Physical and

Chemical Engineering Sciences

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INTRODUCTION

The choice of reactor will determined:

Product concentrations and purity Degree of substrate conversion/yield Whether sustainable/reliable performance

The bioreactor consideration must be made in thecontext of the total process:

Biocatalyst Reactor Separation Purification

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Choosing the cultivation method(batch or continuous)

-based on productivity-Production of cell mass or primary products

FOUR CHARACTERISTIC PHASES OF THE GROWTH CYCLE

1. Lag Phase adaptation of the cells to the new environment

minimal increase in cell density

2. Exponential (log) Growth Phase

cells are dividing regularly

cells divide at a constant rate

3. (Harvesting) Stationary Phase cells stopped growing and dividing

production of secondary metabolites

4. (Preparation for new batch) Death Phase (Cleaning, sterilizing,filling)

viable cell population declines

viable cells decreases geometrically

BATCH

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1t Sum of times required for the lag phase, harvesting and

preparation (vary with size and nature of fermentation) 3 to 10 h

ct

Total time to complete a batch cycle

10

ln1

tX

Xt

m

m

c

mX

0X

The maximal attainable cell concentration

The cell concentration at inoculation

00 SYXX

SXm Total amount of mass cell =

10

0

ln1 tXX

SYr

mm

SX

b

The rate of cell mass

production in one batch

cycle,

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Based on productivity, most of commercialbioprocesses are batch system. Why?

*Applied to growth associated product

*Genetic instability

*Operability and reliability

*Market economics

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Operated by supplying an essential growth-limiting nutrient at a constant rate with the

result that the culture density and growth rateadjust themselves to the supply.

Chemostat

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Operated by maintaining a constant cell densityby supplying fresh medium as required.

It possesses a photocell system whichcontinuously monitors the cell density andmaintains this constant by controlling themedium inlet flowrate.

Turbidostat