Lecture 12

SOT

Advanced photonic software

Applications optical sensors

Assoc prof Galatus Ramona

Outline

◼ I Numerical methods component and system

optimization

◼ II Applications optical sensors design and apps

IOptical Software- numerical

methods

◼ Component based (BPM FDTD ndash Optiwave

Fimmwave- FEM Zemax RSoft)

◼ System based (VPIPhotonics Optiwave Liekki)

Liekki - httpwwwnlightnet

(Finland)Erbium Doped fibers 20μm- and 25μm-core double-clad fibers

code Yb 1200 -25 -250DC provider Liekki Oy

bullλs = 1064μm Ps = 300 mW λP = 976 nm Pp = 30 W

allows optical component and system design engineers to determine

-the tradeoffs between EDFAs EYDFs EYDWs YDFs

-performance by calculating how metrics such as

max output power min noise figure min gain ripple

and minimum pump power

depend on device specifications such as

pump wavelength range passive component losses

The component library includes single or double-clad fibers

static and dynamic amplifiers

Outline

◼ I Numerical methods component and system

optimization

◼ II Applications optical sensors design and apps

IOptical Software- numerical

methods

◼ Component based (BPM FDTD ndash Optiwave

Fimmwave- FEM Zemax RSoft)

◼ System based (VPIPhotonics Optiwave Liekki)

Liekki - httpwwwnlightnet

(Finland)Erbium Doped fibers 20μm- and 25μm-core double-clad fibers

code Yb 1200 -25 -250DC provider Liekki Oy

bullλs = 1064μm Ps = 300 mW λP = 976 nm Pp = 30 W

allows optical component and system design engineers to determine

-the tradeoffs between EDFAs EYDFs EYDWs YDFs

-performance by calculating how metrics such as

max output power min noise figure min gain ripple

and minimum pump power

depend on device specifications such as

pump wavelength range passive component losses

The component library includes single or double-clad fibers

static and dynamic amplifiers

IOptical Software- numerical

methods

◼ Component based (BPM FDTD ndash Optiwave

Fimmwave- FEM Zemax RSoft)

◼ System based (VPIPhotonics Optiwave Liekki)

Liekki - httpwwwnlightnet

(Finland)Erbium Doped fibers 20μm- and 25μm-core double-clad fibers

code Yb 1200 -25 -250DC provider Liekki Oy

bullλs = 1064μm Ps = 300 mW λP = 976 nm Pp = 30 W

allows optical component and system design engineers to determine

-the tradeoffs between EDFAs EYDFs EYDWs YDFs

-performance by calculating how metrics such as

max output power min noise figure min gain ripple

and minimum pump power

depend on device specifications such as

pump wavelength range passive component losses

The component library includes single or double-clad fibers

static and dynamic amplifiers

Liekki - httpwwwnlightnet

(Finland)Erbium Doped fibers 20μm- and 25μm-core double-clad fibers

code Yb 1200 -25 -250DC provider Liekki Oy

bullλs = 1064μm Ps = 300 mW λP = 976 nm Pp = 30 W

allows optical component and system design engineers to determine

-the tradeoffs between EDFAs EYDFs EYDWs YDFs

-performance by calculating how metrics such as

max output power min noise figure min gain ripple

and minimum pump power

depend on device specifications such as

pump wavelength range passive component losses

The component library includes single or double-clad fibers

static and dynamic amplifiers

A top-view - qualitative idea about the core coverage

Power density in M1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

-42 -252 -84 84 252 42

axial power distribution

VPISystem (VPIPhotonics)

Example

httpwwwvpiphotonicscomCMActivePhotonicsphp

VPISystem (VPIPhotonics)

Example

httpwwwvpiphotonicscomCMActivePhotonicsphp

Transmitters

The optical spectrum of the DFB laser output is shown below

There is only one mode in the spectrum

The signal mode only takes up a very narrow bandwidth which can efficiently be used in WDM systems

Applications◼ Design high-capacity WDM systems including novel modulation schemes CD and PMD compensation Raman and hybrid

amplification optical signal processing optical channel monitoring

◼ Develop high-performance amp cost-effective solutions for 100GbE using coherent detection and digital signal processing

◼ Evaluate risks in component choice by considering the details of systems design

◼ Assess component performance in a virtual test-bed to develop component specifications

◼ Perform quick WDM system design evaluation using link performance analysis functions and engineering design rules

◼ Evaluate crosstalk and dynamics in reconfigurable DWDM networks due to power transients and test countermeasures

◼ Evaluate advantages of modulation formats like Duobinary CSRZ mQAM PSBT (CSRZ-)DPSK (RZ-)DQPSK

◼ Explore several Tbits systems using C L and S band windows

◼ Develop Ultra Long Haul amplified systems and submarine systems

◼ Select technologies (CWDM PON ROADM RSOA) and topologies of aggregation and distribution networks

◼ Evaluate schemes for microwave and RF-over-Fiber systems carrying wireless formats (WiFi WiMax UMTS CDMA)

◼ Quantify fiber-induced signal degradation from CD Kerr PMD SRS SBS reflections

◼ Evaluate new aggregation formats such as optical CDMA and optical SCM-OFDM

◼ Investigate the feasibility of upgrading analog HFC networks with digital services

◼ Identify critical design parameters including laser chirp RIN amplifier gain-tilt and noise path loss and filtering

◼ Maximize the capacity of the fiber plant using bidirectional transmission

Optiwavehttpoptiwavecom

BPM - finite difference beam propagating method ndashsolves Maxwells equations by using finite differences in place of

partial derivatives Works in the frequency domain and as such only weak non-linearities can be modelled

FDTD-Finite Difference Time Domain-ability to model light propagation scattering and diffraction and reflection and

polarization effects It can also model material anisotropy and dispersion without any pre-assumption of field behavior

such as the slowly varying amplitude approximation The method allows for the effective and powerful simulation and

analysis of sub-micron devices with very fine structural details A sub-micron scale implies a high degree of light

confinement and correspondingly the large refractive index difference of the materials (mostly semiconductors) to be

used in a typical device design

OptiSPICE

NetList

Applications

◼ WDMTDM or CATV network design

◼ SONETSDH ring design

◼ Transmitter channel amplifier and receiver design

◼ Dispersion map design

◼ Estimation of BER and system penalties◼ with different receiver models

◼ Amplified System BER and link budget calculations

Related publications

V Roncin et al System characterization of a passive 40 Gbs All Optical Clock Recovery ahead of the receiver Opt xpress 15 6003 (2007)

N Antoniades et al Value proposition for amplets as banded amplification solutions in evolving WDM metro network architectures J Opt Netw 4 101 (2005)

A Rieznik and H L Fragnito Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with constant population inversion along the fiber J Opt Soc Am B 21 1732 (2004)

Applications◼ Design high-capacity WDM systems including novel modulation schemes CD and PMD compensation Raman and hybrid

amplification optical signal processing optical channel monitoring

◼ Develop high-performance amp cost-effective solutions for 100GbE using coherent detection and digital signal processing

◼ Evaluate risks in component choice by considering the details of systems design

◼ Assess component performance in a virtual test-bed to develop component specifications

◼ Perform quick WDM system design evaluation using link performance analysis functions and engineering design rules

◼ Evaluate crosstalk and dynamics in reconfigurable DWDM networks due to power transients and test countermeasures

◼ Evaluate advantages of modulation formats like Duobinary CSRZ mQAM PSBT (CSRZ-)DPSK (RZ-)DQPSK

◼ Explore several Tbits systems using C L and S band windows

◼ Develop Ultra Long Haul amplified systems and submarine systems

◼ Select technologies (CWDM PON ROADM RSOA) and topologies of aggregation and distribution networks

◼ Evaluate schemes for microwave and RF-over-Fiber systems carrying wireless formats (WiFi WiMax UMTS CDMA)

◼ Quantify fiber-induced signal degradation from CD Kerr PMD SRS SBS reflections

◼ Evaluate new aggregation formats such as optical CDMA and optical SCM-OFDM

◼ Investigate the feasibility of upgrading analog HFC networks with digital services

◼ Identify critical design parameters including laser chirp RIN amplifier gain-tilt and noise path loss and filtering

◼ Maximize the capacity of the fiber plant using bidirectional transmission

Optiwavehttpoptiwavecom

BPM - finite difference beam propagating method ndashsolves Maxwells equations by using finite differences in place of

partial derivatives Works in the frequency domain and as such only weak non-linearities can be modelled

FDTD-Finite Difference Time Domain-ability to model light propagation scattering and diffraction and reflection and

polarization effects It can also model material anisotropy and dispersion without any pre-assumption of field behavior

such as the slowly varying amplitude approximation The method allows for the effective and powerful simulation and

analysis of sub-micron devices with very fine structural details A sub-micron scale implies a high degree of light

confinement and correspondingly the large refractive index difference of the materials (mostly semiconductors) to be

used in a typical device design

OptiSPICE

NetList

Applications

◼ WDMTDM or CATV network design

◼ SONETSDH ring design

◼ Transmitter channel amplifier and receiver design

◼ Dispersion map design

◼ Estimation of BER and system penalties◼ with different receiver models

◼ Amplified System BER and link budget calculations

Related publications

V Roncin et al System characterization of a passive 40 Gbs All Optical Clock Recovery ahead of the receiver Opt xpress 15 6003 (2007)

N Antoniades et al Value proposition for amplets as banded amplification solutions in evolving WDM metro network architectures J Opt Netw 4 101 (2005)

A Rieznik and H L Fragnito Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with constant population inversion along the fiber J Opt Soc Am B 21 1732 (2004)

Optiwavehttpoptiwavecom

BPM - finite difference beam propagating method ndashsolves Maxwells equations by using finite differences in place of

partial derivatives Works in the frequency domain and as such only weak non-linearities can be modelled

FDTD-Finite Difference Time Domain-ability to model light propagation scattering and diffraction and reflection and

polarization effects It can also model material anisotropy and dispersion without any pre-assumption of field behavior

such as the slowly varying amplitude approximation The method allows for the effective and powerful simulation and

analysis of sub-micron devices with very fine structural details A sub-micron scale implies a high degree of light

confinement and correspondingly the large refractive index difference of the materials (mostly semiconductors) to be

used in a typical device design

OptiSPICE

NetList

Applications

◼ WDMTDM or CATV network design

◼ SONETSDH ring design

◼ Transmitter channel amplifier and receiver design

◼ Dispersion map design

◼ Estimation of BER and system penalties◼ with different receiver models

◼ Amplified System BER and link budget calculations

Related publications

V Roncin et al System characterization of a passive 40 Gbs All Optical Clock Recovery ahead of the receiver Opt xpress 15 6003 (2007)

N Antoniades et al Value proposition for amplets as banded amplification solutions in evolving WDM metro network architectures J Opt Netw 4 101 (2005)

A Rieznik and H L Fragnito Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with constant population inversion along the fiber J Opt Soc Am B 21 1732 (2004)

OptiSPICE

NetList

Applications

◼ WDMTDM or CATV network design

◼ SONETSDH ring design

◼ Transmitter channel amplifier and receiver design

◼ Dispersion map design

◼ Estimation of BER and system penalties◼ with different receiver models

◼ Amplified System BER and link budget calculations

Related publications

V Roncin et al System characterization of a passive 40 Gbs All Optical Clock Recovery ahead of the receiver Opt xpress 15 6003 (2007)

N Antoniades et al Value proposition for amplets as banded amplification solutions in evolving WDM metro network architectures J Opt Netw 4 101 (2005)

A Rieznik and H L Fragnito Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with constant population inversion along the fiber J Opt Soc Am B 21 1732 (2004)

Applications

◼ WDMTDM or CATV network design

◼ SONETSDH ring design

◼ Transmitter channel amplifier and receiver design

◼ Dispersion map design

◼ Estimation of BER and system penalties◼ with different receiver models

◼ Amplified System BER and link budget calculations

Related publications

V Roncin et al System characterization of a passive 40 Gbs All Optical Clock Recovery ahead of the receiver Opt xpress 15 6003 (2007)

N Antoniades et al Value proposition for amplets as banded amplification solutions in evolving WDM metro network architectures J Opt Netw 4 101 (2005)

A Rieznik and H L Fragnito Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with constant population inversion along the fiber J Opt Soc Am B 21 1732 (2004)

RSoft

httprsoftdesigncomproductsphpsub=Product+Overview

httpwwwrsoftdesigncomproductsphpsub=Component+Designampitm=BeamPROP

planning optimization modeling and simulation software tools and services offer a

preview of end results allowing our customers-and their customers-to quickly make

definitive design choices It helps to demonstrate value across the spectrum

Component Design Suite - analyze complex photonic devices and components

through industry-leading computer aided design

System Simulation - determine the performance of optical telecom and datacom links

through comprehensive simulation techniques and component models

Network Modeling - cost-effectively deploy DWDM and SONET technologies while

designing and optimizing an optical network

wwwopticalrescom

LighTools

httpwwwopticalrescomcvCODEVpdf

Code V

Zemaxhttpwwwoptima-researchcomindexphppage=zemax-features

GLAD

◼ Laser and Physical Optics Design Software

(wwwaorcom)

Optical sensors and apps

II Definition

Optical sensor- a photonic system in which the input signal (Vi) introduces modifications or modulation of

light characteristics (transmission intensity dispersion Reflection absorption etc) that after being detected and

processed will deliver an output signal (Vout usually in electrical domain) which will be a valid reproduction of

object variable

Conceptual block diagram of

the Optical Sensor (OS) system

Differences

Sensor

TransducerTraductor

Adjust system operating

Photonic Sensor Market - 2009

Hopefully area of interest

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

httpwwwopticalrescomcvCODEVpdf

Code V

Zemaxhttpwwwoptima-researchcomindexphppage=zemax-features

GLAD

◼ Laser and Physical Optics Design Software

(wwwaorcom)

Optical sensors and apps

II Definition

Optical sensor- a photonic system in which the input signal (Vi) introduces modifications or modulation of

light characteristics (transmission intensity dispersion Reflection absorption etc) that after being detected and

processed will deliver an output signal (Vout usually in electrical domain) which will be a valid reproduction of

object variable

Conceptual block diagram of

the Optical Sensor (OS) system

Differences

Sensor

TransducerTraductor

Adjust system operating

Photonic Sensor Market - 2009

Hopefully area of interest

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Zemaxhttpwwwoptima-researchcomindexphppage=zemax-features

GLAD

◼ Laser and Physical Optics Design Software

(wwwaorcom)

Optical sensors and apps

II Definition

Optical sensor- a photonic system in which the input signal (Vi) introduces modifications or modulation of

light characteristics (transmission intensity dispersion Reflection absorption etc) that after being detected and

processed will deliver an output signal (Vout usually in electrical domain) which will be a valid reproduction of

object variable

Conceptual block diagram of

the Optical Sensor (OS) system

Differences

Sensor

TransducerTraductor

Adjust system operating

Photonic Sensor Market - 2009

Hopefully area of interest

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

GLAD

◼ Laser and Physical Optics Design Software

(wwwaorcom)

Optical sensors and apps

II Definition

Optical sensor- a photonic system in which the input signal (Vi) introduces modifications or modulation of

light characteristics (transmission intensity dispersion Reflection absorption etc) that after being detected and

processed will deliver an output signal (Vout usually in electrical domain) which will be a valid reproduction of

object variable

Conceptual block diagram of

the Optical Sensor (OS) system

Differences

Sensor

TransducerTraductor

Adjust system operating

Photonic Sensor Market - 2009

Hopefully area of interest

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Optical sensors and apps

II Definition

Optical sensor- a photonic system in which the input signal (Vi) introduces modifications or modulation of

light characteristics (transmission intensity dispersion Reflection absorption etc) that after being detected and

processed will deliver an output signal (Vout usually in electrical domain) which will be a valid reproduction of

object variable

Conceptual block diagram of

the Optical Sensor (OS) system

Differences

Sensor

TransducerTraductor

Adjust system operating

Photonic Sensor Market - 2009

Hopefully area of interest

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

II Definition

Optical sensor- a photonic system in which the input signal (Vi) introduces modifications or modulation of

light characteristics (transmission intensity dispersion Reflection absorption etc) that after being detected and

processed will deliver an output signal (Vout usually in electrical domain) which will be a valid reproduction of

object variable

Conceptual block diagram of

the Optical Sensor (OS) system

Differences

Sensor

TransducerTraductor

Adjust system operating

Photonic Sensor Market - 2009

Hopefully area of interest

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Photonic Sensor Market - 2009

Hopefully area of interest

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Optical fiber sensor

Selection criteria ndash typical factors (synthesis)

optical

andor

electronic processor

These sensors (1) eliminate electromagnetic interference susceptibility to improve safety

and (2) lower shielding to reduce weight

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Asking questions ndash proper sensor for typical application

A- mechanical (displacement velocity pressure scattering due to material fault)

thermal ( emission absorption spectrum scattering)

electromagnetic ( like electro-optic magneto-optic effect)

chemical ( modification of luminous radiation due to chemical concentration ndash absorption fluorescence)

radiation ( photonic materials that make fluorescence or absorption)

B ndash point

distributed (spatial distribution along channel)

hybrid (optical multiplexing)

C ndash intrinsic ( intrinsic properties of fiber itself) or extrinsic ( other sensor type combined with optical fiber)

amplitudeintensity

interferometric (eg MZ)

polarimetric (Faraday effect)

spectroscopic (Bragg difraction)

D ndash type of manufacturing and the results non-imaging or imaging (like CCD or CMOS)

E - main intensity phase frequency polarization spectral content

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Category

◼ Phase-Modulated Sensors

◼ Polarization-Modulated Sensors

◼ Wavelength-Modulated Sensors

◼ Intensity-Modulated Sensors

◼ BendingPosition sensors

◼ Temperature Measurements

◼ Strain Measurements - Strain induces significant variations in the core and cladding indices of

refraction of an optical fiber and unlike the temperature it also induces significant changes in the dimensions of an optical fiber

◼ Sensors Based on the Response to External Refractive Index

◼ Evanescent sensor (SPR Microring)

◼ Micro-structured Fiber Sensors (PCF)

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Sensor example - reviewClosure or vibration sensor that consists of two optical fibers

held in close proximity to each other light cone acceptance

Angle distance

Distance and vibration or position

Introduce some sensor example

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

WDM system

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Gratings

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Interferometric

Phase shift

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Interferometric

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Microring Sensors

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

Surface Plasmon Sensor

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

WDM technique

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

WDM technique-Application

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008

References

◼ AN INTRODUCTION TO OPTOELECTRONIC SENSORS ndash vol 7 -

Series in Optics and Photonics Giancarlo C Righini Italy Copyright copy 2009

by World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Lt

◼ Fiber optic sensors - Shizhuo Yin Paul B Ruffin Francis TS Yu eds -- 2nd

ed p cm -- (Optical science and engineering) 2008