Lecture One

Can ethics be taught?

Change in Moral Life? Make one a morally better person?

Change in Moral Judgement?

Terms Signaling Moral Judgements 道德價值判斷 用語

Right, wrongRight, wrong Correct, incorrectCorrect, incorrect Good, badGood, bad

是、非是、非對、錯對、錯好、壞好、壞善、惡善、惡優、劣優、劣

Duty, rightDuty, right Fair, just, fittinFair, just, fittin

g, ought, deservg, ought, deserve, responsiblee, responsible

reprehensiblereprehensible

義務、權利義務、權利公平、公正、公平、公正、合宜、應該、合宜、應該、值得、負責任值得、負責任

「好衰」、「好衰」、「賤格」「賤格」

Objects of Moral Value Judgements

道德價值判斷 對象 Deed, action, outcoDeed, action, outco

me, behaviour, decime, behaviour, decisionsion

PolicyPolicy MotiveMotive Character, conduct, Character, conduct,

moral personalitymoral personality

行為、行動、行為、行動、事情、後果事情、後果、、作為、決定作為、決定

決策、措施決策、措施 動機、用心動機、用心 品行、操守、品行、操守、人格人格

Judgements I have made this morning – what kind of?Alarm clock rang let me sleep for 15

more minutes, because…, because… ““I can I can skipskip breakfast and make up breakfast and make up

the time.”the time.” ““I can be late to class; I can be late to class; who cares?who cares?””

Why should I wear this coat?

““This coat is warm enough for This coat is warm enough for today’s temperature.” today’s temperature.”

““I like tI like this coat his coat because of its sentimbecause of its sentimental valueental value.”.”

““I just I just happen to happen to like this coat, like this coat, that’s all.”that’s all.”

I decide to eat XXX for breakfast because…

““it it is inexpensive.”is inexpensive.” ““it is good for healthit is good for health.”.” ““it tastes good.”it tastes good.”

Which transportation should I take? ““MTR, because it is faster, and I MTR, because it is faster, and I

will not be late for class; it is very will not be late for class; it is very crowded, but it’s okay.”crowded, but it’s okay.”

““Minibus, because I can have a Minibus, because I can have a seat and it is not crowded; being seat and it is not crowded; being late to class is okay.”late to class is okay.”

How to make a moral judgement？

                                       

良知＝道德指南針 不慮而知（王陽明）

Moral Intuitionism (p.2 of handout)

Merits Merits

Demerits Demerits

Self-evident?

不思自明？

Well-considered! 深思熟慮！

MusicMelody Melody 旋律旋律Rhythm Rhythm 節奏節奏Tone colourTone colour 音色音色Harmony Harmony 和音和音

Painting Composition Composition 構圖構圖Colour Colour 顏色顏色Contrast Contrast 對比對比Lighting Lighting 光線光線Perspective Perspective 透視透視

Relevant facts 相關事實

Moral norms道德規範

Worldviews 世界觀

Value judgements are not necessarily subjective

Subjective: e.g., Bach vs. Beethoven Subjective: e.g., Bach vs. Beethoven Objective: e.g., Beethoven’s 2nd vs. 3rd Objective: e.g., Beethoven’s 2nd vs. 3rd

SymphonySymphony

有一次曹丕問其賓客：

「君父各有篤疾，有藥一丸，可救一人，當救君耶？父耶？」結果，「眾人紛紜，或父或君」

Moral Dilemma

weighing權衡輕重

Euthanasia in the Netherlands

A doctor’s duty to preserve lifeA doctor’s duty to preserve life A doctor’s duty to relieve painA doctor’s duty to relieve pain

Which has the moral priority?Which has the moral priority?

Moral weighing in ancient China

忠孝不能兩全忠孝不能兩全 捨孝從忠？捨孝從忠？ 捨忠從孝？捨忠從孝？

In the film's third flashback, In the film's third flashback, Sophie tells Stingo about her Sophie tells Stingo about her "choice." When she arrived at "choice." When she arrived at Auschwitz -- on a "beautiful Auschwitz -- on a "beautiful spring night" -- she was ordered spring night" -- she was ordered to select one of her children, who to select one of her children, who would then be sent to the ovens; would then be sent to the ovens; the other would be spared. This the other would be spared. This sequence is especially sequence is especially heartbreaking, as the screaming heartbreaking, as the screaming little girl is carried away to die. little girl is carried away to die.

Different levels of misdeed

It is illegalIt is illegal It breaches the professional code of It breaches the professional code of

conduct (professionally improper)conduct (professionally improper) It is immoralIt is immoral

“illegal” “immoral”

“professionally improper” (misconduct)

Personal relationships between doctors and patients 23.1 Any form of sexual advance to a 23.1 Any form of sexual advance to a

patient with whom there exists a patient with whom there exists a professional relationship is professional professional relationship is professional misconduct. Similarly, the Council will take misconduct. Similarly, the Council will take a serious view of a doctor who uses his a serious view of a doctor who uses his professional position to pursue a personal professional position to pursue a personal relationship of a sexual nature with his relationship of a sexual nature with his patient or the spouse of his patient. patient or the spouse of his patient. ((Professional Code and ConductProfessional Code and Conduct, , Medical Council of Hong Kong, Nov 2000)Medical Council of Hong Kong, Nov 2000)

3. 專業道德 (1) 不得濫用專業身份，和與其專業上有關的人士發生不正當或不道德的關係

（香港註冊中醫專業守則）

招牌的面積、數目及位置 4. 每名註冊中醫可在直接通往其執業處所的大門上或旁邊展示不多於 2個招牌。門旁的招牌尺寸不得超過 0.93 平方米 (10 平方呎 )。 （香港註冊中醫專業守則） 附錄一

Depreciation of other medical practitioners 19.3 Gratuitous and unsustainable comment 19.3 Gratuitous and unsustainable comment

which, whether directly or by implication, which, whether directly or by implication, undermines trust in a professional undermines trust in a professional colleague's knowledge or skills is unethical colleague's knowledge or skills is unethical and unacceptable.and unacceptable.

((Professional Code and ConductProfessional Code and Conduct, ,

Medical Council of Hong Kong, Nov 2000)Medical Council of Hong Kong, Nov 2000)

26. Care for the terminally ill

26.2 Euthanasia is defined as "direct 26.2 Euthanasia is defined as "direct intentional killing of a person as part of the intentional killing of a person as part of the medical care being offered". The Council medical care being offered". The Council does not support this practice which is does not support this practice which is illegal and unethical.illegal and unethical.((Professional Code and ConductProfessional Code and Conduct, ,

Medical Council of Hong Kong, Nov 2000)Medical Council of Hong Kong, Nov 2000)

2006.9.11

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